The historical library of Diodorus the Sicilian in fifteen books : the first five contain the antiquities of Egypt, Asia, Africa, Greece, the islands, and Europe : the last ten an historical account of the affairs of the Persians, Grecians, Macedonians and other parts of the world : to which are added the fragments of Diodorus that are found in the Bibliotheca of Photius : together with those publish'd by H. Valesius, L. Rhodomannus, and F. Ursinus / made English by G. Booth ..., Esq.
         Bibliotheca historica. English
         Diodorus, Siculus.
      
       
         
           1700
        
      
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             The historical library of Diodorus the Sicilian in fifteen books : the first five contain the antiquities of Egypt, Asia, Africa, Greece, the islands, and Europe : the last ten an historical account of the affairs of the Persians, Grecians, Macedonians and other parts of the world : to which are added the fragments of Diodorus that are found in the Bibliotheca of Photius : together with those publish'd by H. Valesius, L. Rhodomannus, and F. Ursinus / made English by G. Booth ..., Esq.
             Bibliotheca historica. English
             Diodorus, Siculus.
             Booth, George, 17th/18th cent.
             Valois, Henri de, 1603-1676.
             Rhodoman, Lorenz, 1546-1606.
             Photius, Saint, Patriarch of Constantinople, ca. 820-ca. 891. Bibliotheca.
             Orsini, Fulvio, 1529-1600.
          
           [28], 797 [i.e. 777], [32] p. : maps (2 folded)
           
             Printed by Edw. Jones for Awnsham and John Churchill ... and Edw. Castle ...,
             London :
             1700.
          
           
             Translation of: Bibliotheca historica
             The last 10 books have special title pages; the fragments have special title pages (included in pagination) dated 1699.
             Errata: p. [9] at beginning.
             Reproduction of original in Library of Congress.
             Marginal notes.
             Includes indexes.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           History, Ancient.
        
      
    
     
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           THE
           HISTORICAL
           LIBRARY
           OF
           
             Diodorus
             the
             Sicilian
          
           .
        
         
           In
           Fifteen
           BOOKS
           .
        
         
           
             The
             First
          
           FIVE
           ,
           Contain
           the
           Antiquities
           of
           
             Egypt
             ,
             Asia
             ,
             Africa
             ,
             Greece
             ,
          
           the
           Islands
           ,
           and
           Europe
           .
        
         
           
             The
             Last
          
           TEN
           ,
           An
           Historical
           Account
           of
           the
           AFFAIRS
           of
           the
           
             Persians
             ,
             Grecians
             ,
             Macedonians
          
           ,
           and
           other
           Parts
           of
           the
           World.
           
        
         
           
             To
             which
             are
             added
          
           ,
           The
           FRAGMENTS
           of
           DIODORUS
           that
           are
           found
           in
           the
           BIBLIOTHECA
           of
           Photius
           :
           TOGETHER
           With
           those
           Publish'd
           by
           
             H.
             Valesius
             ,
             L.
             Rhodomannus
          
           ,
           and
           
             F.
             Vrsinus
          
           .
        
         
           Made
           English
           ,
           By
           
             G.
             BOOTH
          
           ,
           of
           the
           City
           of
           Chester
           ,
           Esq
           ;
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             Edw.
             Jones
          
           ,
           for
           Awnsham
           and
           
             John
             Churchil
          
           ,
           at
           the
           Black-Swan
           in
           Pater-Noster-Row
           ,
           and
           
             Edw.
             Castle
          
           next
           Scotland-Yard
           Gate
           .
           M
           D
           C
           C.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           TO
           THE
           RIGHT
           HONOURABLE
           GEORGE
           ,
           Earl
           of
           Warrington
           .
        
         
           THIS
           Translation
           of
           Diodorus
           ,
           (
           the
           Fruits
           of
           some
           vacant
           Hours
           ,
           )
           when
           first
           attempted
           ,
           was
           as
           early
           design'd
           by
           a
           Dedication
           to
           be
           shrowded
           under
           the
           Shelter
           and
           Protection
           of
           Your
           Lordship's
           Honourable
           Father
           ,
           whose
           Publick
           Spirit
           ever
           prompted
           him
           to
           those
           Generous
           and
           Worthy
           Actions
           ,
           (
           without
           Self-seeking
           ,
           )
           that
           might
           any
           ways
           Advance
           and
           Further
           the
           Publick
           Good
           ,
           in
           the
           Preservation
           of
           the
           Peace
           and
           Happiness
           of
           his
           Country
           .
           Besides
           the
           Honour
           of
           his
           particular
           Respect
           to
           my self
           ,
           his
           Noble
           Imitation
           of
           the
           Patterns
           of
           Virtue
           here
           presented
           ,
           so
           far
           Encourag'd
           me
           ,
           as
           not
           in
           the
           least
           to
           doubt
           of
           a
           Favourable
           Acceptance
           ;
           especially
           from
           him
           who
           breath'd
           (
           as
           it
           were
           )
           the
           same
           Spirit
           and
           Soul
           with
           those
           Noble
           Hero's
           (
           that
           are
           long
           since
           gone
           )
           for
           the
           Defence
           of
           the
           Laws
           and
           Liberties
           of
           his
           own
           Country
           ,
           as
           they
           in
           their
           several
           Generations
           did
           in
           theirs
           .
           As
           Your
           Lordship
           therefore
           is
           an
           Immediate
           Branch
           of
           that
           Honourable
           Stock
           ,
           and
           next
           in
           Succession
           to
           his
           Estate
           ;
           so
           I
           hope
           ,
           and
           have
           great
           Reason
           to
           believe
           his
           Virtues
           ,
           and
           Generous
           Qualifications
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           his
           Honour
           and
           Lands
           ,
           are
           Your
           Lordship's
           Inheritance
           :
           In
           Confidence
           therefore
           of
           the
           like
           Acceptance
           ,
           as
           from
           him
           ,
           I
           intreat
           Your
           Lordship's
           Favourable
           Entertainment
           of
           this
           Greek
           Stranger
           ,
           (
           now
           Cloath'd
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           I
           could
           ,
           in
           an
           English
           Dress
           .
           )
           
           He
           'll
           be
           no
           Burthen
           ,
           but
           a
           Diverting
           and
           Profitable
           Companion
           ,
           useful
           not
           only
           to
           the
           Expert
           General
           ,
           and
           Honest
           Statesman
           ,
           but
           to
           all
           Degrees
           for
           a
           Prudent
           Conduct
           of
           their
           Lives
           ,
           by
           Examples
           of
           other
           Mens
           Harms
           .
           In
           all
           which
           Respects
           ,
           that
           it
           may
           be
           Serviceable
           to
           the
           Publick
           ,
           and
           ,
           as
           such
           ,
           Accepted
           and
           Approv'd
           by
           Your
           Lordship
           ,
           is
           the
           Ambition
           of
           ,
        
         
           
             MY
             LORD
             ,
          
           
             Your
             Lordship
             's
             Most
             Affectionate
             Kinsman
             ,
             And
             Humble
             Servant
             ,
             G.
             BOOTH
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           TO
           THE
           READER
           .
        
         
           SO
           many
           are
           the
           Encomiums
           of
           History
           ,
           both
           by
           Ancient
           and
           Modern
           Authors
           ,
           that
           little
           or
           nothing
           can
           be
           further
           added
           to
           what
           is
           already
           extant
           upon
           that
           Subject
           ;
           and
           therefore
           I
           shall
           wave
           troubling
           my Self
           or
           the
           Reader
           with
           Discourses
           of
           that
           kind
           ,
           but
           leave
           every
           Judicious
           Person
           to
           his
           own
           Experience
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           best
           Judge
           ,
           and
           will
           give
           the
           surest
           Testimony
           to
           the
           Truth
           of
           these
           Commendations
           .
           He
           that
           rests
           barely
           in
           the
           Matter
           of
           Fact
           related
           in
           History
           ,
           pleases
           his
           Fancy
           for
           a
           Moment
           while
           he
           is
           Reading
           ,
           but
           never
           Improves
           his
           Judgment
           to
           make
           it
           Usefull
           in
           Conversation
           ,
           or
           in
           the
           Management
           of
           Publick
           Affairs
           .
           He
           gains
           no
           more
           than
           Children
           by
           hearing
           a
           Winter
           Tale
           ,
           and
           Strange
           Stories
           of
           this
           brave
           Hero
           ,
           and
           that
           mighty
           Giant
           ,
           who
           did
           Wonders
           in
           the
           Land
           of
           Vtopia
           .
           The
           Profitable
           Reader
           is
           He
           that
           not
           only
           seeks
           to
           please
           his
           Fancy
           ,
           but
           makes
           use
           of
           his
           Reason
           in
           observing
           chiefly
           the
           Wonderful
           Providence
           of
           God
           ,
           in
           Ruling
           and
           Governing
           the
           World
           in
           all
           Ages
           to
           this
           day
           ;
           His
           Setting
           up
           ,
           and
           Pulling
           down
           of
           States
           ,
           Kingdoms
           and
           Empires
           in
           certain
           Periods
           of
           Time
           ;
           His
           Justice
           in
           punishing
           Wickedness
           ,
           and
           therein
           the
           Confirmation
           of
           his
           Truth
           and
           Holiness
           ;
           to
           see
           and
           consider
           his
           Wisdom
           ,
           in
           Ordering
           and
           Disposing
           of
           one
           Event
           for
           the
           Effecting
           of
           his
           Purpose
           in
           another
           .
           To
           observe
           the
           Causes
           ,
           Progress
           ,
           and
           End
           of
           this
           or
           that
           Accident
           ,
           this
           War
           ,
           that
           Revolution
           ,
           this
           Success
           and
           that
           miserable
           Disaster
           ,
           are
           the
           main
           and
           chief
           Ends
           and
           Designs
           of
           Reading
           of
           History
           ;
           whereby
           the
           Understanding
           and
           Memory
           are
           not
           only
           furnish'd
           with
           Notions
           of
           Things
           done
           ,
           and
           long
           since
           past
           ;
           but
           the
           Judgment
           is
           improv'd
           with
           that
           Moral
           Prudence
           (
           and
           sometimes
           Religious
           too
           )
           as
           to
           be
           careful
           to
           avoid
           the
           Rocks
           others
           have
           before
           split
           upon
           ;
           and
           to
           imitate
           the
           Virtue
           and
           honourable
           Actions
           of
           others
           ,
           (
           at
           least
           for
           the
           sake
           of
           Reputation
           that
           attends
           upon
           them
           in
           this
           World.
           )
           Here
           may
           be
           found
           Examples
           which
           may
           justly
           put
           Christians
           to
           the
           Blush
           ,
           who
           come
           not
           up
           to
           the
           Moral
           Virtues
           of
           poor
           Heathens
           
           heretofore
           famous
           (
           upon
           that
           account
           )
           in
           the
           Ages
           wherein
           they
           liv'd
           ;
           as
           Themistocles
           for
           his
           Faithfulness
           to
           his
           Country
           ,
           Aristides
           for
           his
           Justice
           ,
           Scipio
           for
           his
           Chastity
           ,
           Cato
           for
           his
           Sobriety
           ,
           and
           several
           others
           for
           Eminent
           and
           Virtuous
           Qualifications
           .
           As
           to
           this
           present
           Author
           ,
           and
           his
           History
           ,
           he
           's
           well
           known
           among
           the
           Learned
           to
           be
           a
           Treasury
           of
           Ancient
           History
           .
           Amongst
           others
           ,
           
             Henry
             Stephen
          
           ,
           in
           his
           Tract
           of
           Diodorus
           ,
           gives
           him
           this
           honourable
           
             Encomium
             :
             Quantum
             Solis
             lumen
             inter
             Stellas
             ,
             tantum
             inter
             Omnes
             ,
             quotquot
             ad
             nostra
             tempora
             pervenerunt
             ,
             Historicos
             (
             si
             utilitas
             potius
             ,
             quam
             voluptatis
             aurium
             habenda
             est
             ratio
             )
             noster
             hic
             Diodorus
             eminere
             dici
             potest
             .
          
           And
           
             Justin
             Martyr
          
           ,
           and
           some
           others
           ,
           call
           him
           the
           most
           famous
           Author
           of
           all
           the
           Greek
           Historians
           .
           Amongst
           other
           Excellencies
           of
           this
           Author
           ,
           he
           is
           peculiarly
           observable
           to
           have
           a
           Regard
           and
           Respect
           to
           the
           Providence
           of
           God
           in
           the
           Affairs
           of
           the
           World
           ;
           and
           is
           the
           Only
           ancient
           Author
           that
           takes
           notice
           in
           the
           Course
           of
           his
           History
           of
           the
           Times
           ,
           wherein
           the
           most
           famous
           
             Historians
             ,
             Philosophers
          
           and
           Poets
           flourish'd
           .
           Our
           Author
           himself
           liv'd
           about
           Threescore
           Years
           before
           our
           Saviour's
           Birth
           ,
           in
           the
           time
           of
           
             Julius
             Caesar
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Reign
           of
           Augustus
           ;
           and
           writ
           a
           General
           History
           from
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           World
           to
           his
           own
           time
           ,
           in
           Forty
           Books
           call'd
           the
           
             Historical
             Library
          
           ,
           of
           which
           only
           Fifteen
           are
           extant
           ,
           the
           rest
           lost
           by
           the
           Injury
           of
           Time.
           The
           Five
           first
           are
           properly
           the
           Mythological
           Part
           of
           the
           History
           ,
           more
           incertain
           ,
           and
           full
           of
           Egyptian
           and
           
             Grecian
             Fables
          
           ;
           but
           very
           useful
           for
           the
           Understanding
           of
           Ancient
           Authors
           ,
           and
           the
           Knowledge
           of
           the
           Assyrian
           Monarchy
           .
           They
           give
           an
           Account
           of
           the
           Affairs
           of
           the
           World
           from
           the
           Beginning
           of
           Time
           (
           known
           to
           the
           Heathens
           )
           to
           the
           Trojan
           War
           exclusively
           :
           The
           Five
           next
           in
           order
           are
           perish'd
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           reason
           the
           Eleventh
           Book
           immediaelty
           follows
           ,
           which
           begins
           with
           the
           Expedition
           of
           Xerxes
           into
           Greece
           ,
           and
           from
           thence
           the
           History
           is
           continued
           in
           Five
           Books
           to
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Reign
           of
           Philip
           King
           of
           Macedon
           ,
           Father
           of
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           ;
           and
           from
           the
           Reign
           of
           Philip
           in
           Five
           more
           ,
           to
           the
           Expedition
           of
           
             Seleucus
             Nicanor
          
           in
           Capadocia
           ,
           containing
           an
           Account
           of
           Things
           done
           for
           the
           space
           of
           179
           Years
           .
        
         
           The
           Books
           are
           divided
           into
           Chapters
           ,
           for
           the
           Ease
           of
           the
           Reader
           ,
           who
           may
           thereby
           the
           better
           Pause
           and
           Breath
           when
           he
           thinks
           fit
           ;
           and
           to
           supply
           a
           Chronological
           Table
           in
           the
           Ten
           last
           Books
           ,
           the
           distinction
           of
           Times
           is
           observ'd
           in
           the
           Margin
           ,
           both
           by
           the
           Olympiads
           ,
           and
           the
           Christian
           Aera
           ;
           for
           the
           Relations
           in
           the
           first
           Five
           Books
           ,
           were
           long
           before
           the
           Olympiads
           
           began
           ,
           and
           the
           History
           is
           so
           ancient
           ,
           that
           the
           certain
           Times
           of
           Persons
           and
           Things
           there
           related
           ,
           are
           for
           the
           most
           part
           unknown
           or
           very
           uncertain
           .
        
         
           To
           the
           present
           Translation
           ,
           is
           added
           that
           of
           the
           Excerpts
           or
           Pragments
           of
           some
           of
           those
           Books
           of
           
             Diodorus
             Siculus
          
           that
           are
           lost
           ,
           Collected
           by
           Photius
           in
           his
           Bibliotheca
           ,
           and
           by
           others
           ,
           annexed
           at
           the
           end
           of
           the
           Edition
           of
           Diodorus
           Publish'd
           by
           Rhodomannus
           .
           You
           have
           here
           likewise
           a
           further
           Addition
           of
           Valesius
           his
           Excerpts
           ,
           Publish'd
           by
           him
           in
           the
           Year
           of
           Our
           Lord
           1634.
           
        
         
           After
           the
           Fragments
           ,
           there
           's
           a
           Supplement
           taken
           out
           of
           
             Quintus
             Curtius
          
           and
           Arrianus
           ,
           to
           fill
           up
           a
           great
           Chasm
           in
           
             Diodorus
             ,
             lib.
             17.
             p.
          
           557.
           where
           that
           part
           of
           his
           History
           is
           lost
           .
           As
           those
           Authors
           had
           their
           Materials
           from
           him
           ,
           (
           as
           is
           not
           doubted
           among
           the
           Learned
           )
           so
           't
           is
           but
           a
           piece
           of
           common
           Gratitude
           to
           help
           him
           over
           the
           Ditch
           by
           a
           Staff
           made
           out
           of
           his
           own
           Pile
           .
           That
           the
           Matter
           contained
           in
           this
           Supplement
           is
           that
           which
           is
           wanting
           in
           Diodorus
           ,
           is
           apparent
           not
           only
           from
           some
           Part
           of
           the
           broken
           History
           that
           is
           there
           ,
           but
           from
           the
           Index
           immediately
           before
           the
           17th
           Book
           in
           
           Rhodomannus's
           Edition
           ,
           where
           the
           Heads
           of
           the
           Subject
           Matter
           are
           to
           be
           found
           in
           their
           Order
           together
           ,
           but
           nothing
           of
           'em
           in
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           History
           .
           The
           said
           Heads
           are
           placed
           over
           every
           distinct
           Subject
           in
           the
           said
           Supplement
           .
        
         
           But
           as
           to
           the
           Translation
           of
           the
           Whole
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           very
           well
           expected
           some
           Apology
           should
           be
           made
           ,
           or
           Reason
           given
           ,
           for
           Translating
           the
           Five
           first
           Books
           ,
           which
           appeared
           in
           the
           English
           Tongue
           above
           Forty
           Years
           ago
           .
           To
           give
           therefore
           Satisfaction
           in
           that
           Particular
           ,
           we
           can
           truly
           and
           sincerely
           say
           ,
           it
           was
           not
           undertaken
           without
           some
           Regret
           ,
           not
           willing
           to
           seem
           a
           captious
           Censurer
           of
           other
           Mens
           Labours
           ;
           therefore
           to
           obviate
           that
           Suspicion
           ,
           we
           are
           willing
           to
           be
           an
           Advocate
           to
           excuse
           what
           was
           before
           done
           in
           this
           Kind
           ,
           as
           to
           those
           Five
           Books
           ;
           for
           the
           Errors
           and
           Defects
           that
           appear
           in
           the
           former
           Translation
           ,
           are
           chiefly
           occasion'd
           by
           an
           old
           Latin
           Edition
           of
           Diodorus
           ,
           whereunto
           the
           Translator
           wholly
           apply'd
           himself
           ,
           having
           at
           that
           time
           (
           without
           doubt
           )
           no
           better
           an
           Edition
           to
           direct
           him
           .
           At
           the
           first
           it
           was
           design'd
           to
           have
           spar'd
           so
           much
           time
           ,
           because
           they
           had
           been
           before
           Translated
           ,
           but
           often
           hearing
           the
           former
           Censur'd
           ,
           and
           a
           new
           Translation
           desir'd
           of
           those
           Five
           Books
           (
           which
           thro'
           a
           Mistake
           are
           divided
           by
           the
           old
           Latin
           Edition
           into
           Six
           ,
           by
           taking
           the
           First
           Book
           to
           be
           two
           ,
           because
           it
           's
           in
           two
           Parts
           )
           we
           were
           the
           more
           inclin'd
           ,
           and
           at
           length
           resolv'd
           to
           endure
           the
           
           Toil
           ,
           tho'
           withal
           we
           might
           ,
           perhaps
           ,
           fall
           under
           Censure
           ,
           in
           undertaking
           to
           Reform
           the
           Errors
           of
           another
           ,
           and
           yet
           prove
           as
           much
           ,
           if
           not
           more
           Faulty
           in
           the
           same
           Things
           our selves
           .
        
         
           But
           whatever
           it
           be
           ,
           here
           we
           Present
           it
           to
           the
           Judgment
           of
           the
           Ingenuous
           Reader
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           other
           Books
           ,
           intreating
           him
           to
           accept
           what
           he
           Judges
           worthy
           his
           Approbation
           ,
           and
           ,
           with
           a
           Favourable
           Censure
           ,
           to
           pass
           by
           the
           Errors
           and
           Mistakes
           he
           may
           espy
           in
           the
           Perusal
           .
           As
           for
           the
           Carping
           Momus
           ,
           if
           the
           whole
           were
           in
           all
           respects
           Exact
           and
           Compleat
           ,
           (
           which
           were
           a
           Vanity
           to
           pretend
           ,
           )
           it
           were
           far
           more
           likely
           from
           such
           to
           meet
           with
           a
           Cavilling
           Sarcasm
           ,
           than
           to
           be
           Indulg'd
           with
           any
           Favourable
           Acceptance
           .
        
         
           Note
           :
           The
           Pages
           plac'd
           in
           the
           Margin
           ,
           are
           the
           same
           with
           Stephanus
           his
           Edition
           ,
           to
           which
           Authors
           generally
           refer
           ;
           and
           by
           these
           ,
           any
           thing
           may
           be
           readily
           found
           in
           Rhodomannus
           his
           Edition
           .
        
         
           
             Note
             also
          
           :
           That
           from
           Page
           1
           ,
           to
           Page
           69
           ,
           and
           also
           from
           Page
           508
           ,
           to
           Page
           640
           ,
           there
           wants
           (
           by
           Mistake
           of
           the
           Press
           )
           the
           Pages
           in
           the
           Margin
           that
           refer
           to
           the
           Greek
           Copy
           .
        
      
       
         
           ERRATA
           .
        
         
           
             PReface
             ,
             Book
             1.
             
             Line
             29.
             read
          
           the
           return
           of
           the
           
             Heraclides
             .
             Page
             1.
             line
             25.
             for
          
           is
           ,
           read
           and.
           
             p.
             2.
             l.
             19.
             r.
          
           incredible
           .
           
             p.
             8.
             l.
          
           ult
           .
           r.
           every
           place
           .
           
             p.
             10.
             l.
             12.
             r.
          
           Mysteries
           .
           
             p.
             12.
             l.
             36.
             r.
          
           at
           Nysa
           in
           
             Arabia
             .
             p.
             54.
             l.
             36.
             r.
          
           Success
           .
           
             p.
             63.
             l.
             45.
             for
          
           not
           ,
           read
           hot
           .
           
             p.
             70.
             l.
             1.
             for
          
           Jupiters
           ,
           r.
           Interpreter
           .
           
             p.
             71.
             l.
             34.
             add
             these
             words
             ,
          
           and
           then
           followed
           Arsaeus
           ,
           who
           reigned
           40
           years
           .
           
             p.
             91.
             l.
             3.
             r.
          
           along
           .
           
             p.
             127.
             in
             the
             Margin
             ,
             for
             1688.
             r.
             1288.
             p.
             133.
             l.
             5.
             r.
          
           lurrying
           .
           
             p.
             147.
             l.
             41.
             r.
          
           dropt
           him
           .
           
             p.
             148.
             in
             the
             Margin
             ,
             r.
          
           before
           Christ
           1254.
           p.
           ibid.
           
             l.
             49.
             r.
             Argo
          
           before
           he
           took
           her
           .
           
             p.
             162.
             l.
             12.
             r.
          
           Brothers
           .
           
             p.
             169.
             l.
             2.
             r.
          
           Teeth
           .
           
             p.
             183.
             l.
             1.
             for
          
           the
           Island
           ,
           r.
           and.
           
             p.
             206.
             l.
             12.
             r.
          
           Themisteuein
           .
           
             p.
             207.
             l.
             28.
             r.
          
           God.
           
             p.
             220.
             l.
             45.
             dele
          
           they
           should
           .
           
             p.
             234.
             l.
          
           penult
           .
           r.
           none
           of
           the.
           
             p.
             246.
             l.
             9.
             r.
          
           Some
           Authors
           say
           ,
           that
           
             Xerxes
             .
             p.
             255.
             l.
             1.
             r.
          
           were
           freed
           .
           
             p.
             260.
             l.
             3.
             r.
          
           This
           Law.
           
             p.
             267.
             l.
             1.
             r.
          
           Wreaths
           .
           p.
           ibid.
           
             l.
             10.
             dele
          
           had
           .
           
             p.
             269.
             l.
             17.
             r.
          
           in
           it
           much
           .
           
             p.
             274.
             l.
             29.
             r.
          
           second
           time
           .
           
             p.
             282.
             l.
             34.
             r.
          
           Creek
           
             Criseus
             .
             p.
             293.
             l.
          
           last
           save
           4
           ,
           r.
           subjoin'd
           .
           
             p.
             299.
             l.
             10.
             r.
          
           premising
           .
           
             p.
             312.
             l.
             39.
             r.
          
           if
           we
           are
           .
           
             p.
             314.
             l.
             11.
             for
          
           trusts
           ,
           r.
           suggests
           .
           p.
           ibid.
           
             l.
             37.
             r.
          
           was
           here
           .
           
             p.
             319.
             l.
             17.
             dele
          
           his
           .
           
             p.
             332.
             l.
             46
             ,
             47.
             r.
          
           was
           new
           possessed
           .
           
             p.
             336.
             l.
             37.
             r.
          
           sent
           to
           by
           .
           
             p.
             347.
             l.
             17.
             r.
          
           the
           sole
           .
           
             p.
             350.
             l.
             13.
             r.
          
           and
           the
           taking
           up
           of
           the.
           
             p.
             362.
             l.
          
           penul●
           .
           dele
           with
           .
           
             p.
             363.
             l.
             9.
             for
          
           new
           ,
           r.
           now
           .
           
             p.
             364.
             l.
             6.
             r.
          
           Etna
           .
           
             p.
             366.
             l.
             41.
             r.
          
           Chirosophus
           .
           
             p.
             379.
             l.
             ●1
             .
             r.
          
           Marius
           .
           
             p.
             189.
             l.
             19.
             aole
          
           because
           .
           
             p.
             432.
             l.
             1.
             r.
          
           this
           their
           Army
           .
           
             p.
             474.
             l.
             19.
             r.
          
           for
           he
           had
           .
           
             p.
             481.
             l.
          
           antepenult
           .
           dele
           was
           by
           .
           
             p.
             486.
             l.
             40.
             r.
          
           straiten'd
           .
           
             p.
             499.
             in
             the
             Contents
             ,
             r.
          
           Hermias
           .
           p.
           ib.
           
             l.
             45.
             dele
          
           of
           .
           
             p.
             509.
             l.
             19.
             r.
          
           set
           upon
           .
           
             p.
             512.
             l.
             3.
             r.
          
           baffling
           .
           
             p.
             517.
             l.
             42.
             r.
          
           Ariobarzanes
           .
           
             p.
             517.
             l.
             53.
             r.
          
           Cleomantis
           .
           
             p.
             532.
             l.
             2.
             r.
          
           Towers
           and
           two
           Flankers
           ,
           
             p.
             535.
             l.
             50.
             r.
          
           Antixyes
           ,
           and
           Rheomitres
           .
           
             p.
             545.
             l.
             39.
             r.
          
           encounter
           .
           
             p.
             556.
             l.
             9.
             r.
          
           sent
           against
           him
           .
           
             p.
             562.
             the
             7th
             l.
             from
             the
             bottom
             ,
             r.
          
           Four
           thousand
           .
           
             p.
             568.
             l.
             14.
             r.
          
           the
           River
           .
           p.
           ibid.
           
             l.
             16.
             r.
          
           in
           a
           Line
           .
           
             p.
             578.
             l.
             12.
             r.
          
           by
           his
           Messengers
           .
           p.
           ibid.
           
             l.
             36.
             r.
          
           when
           the
           Ambassadors
           .
           p.
           ibid.
           
             l.
             37.
             dele
          
           yet
           .
           
             p.
             588.
             l.
             7.
             r.
          
           at
           stake
           .
           
             p.
             624.
             in
             the
             Margin
             ,
             r.
          
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ;
           and
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           
             p.
             627.
             l.
          
           ult
           .
           
             dele
             the
             first
          
           and.
           
             p.
             629.
             in
             the
             Margin
             ,
             r.
          
           seven
           Quarts
           .
           
             p.
             638.
             l
             31.
             r.
          
           upon
           his
           .
           
             p.
             652.
             l.
             17.
             r.
          
           the
           return
           .
           
             p.
             663.
             l.
             4.
             dele
          
           of
           .
           
             p.
             665.
             l.
             27.
             add
          
           the.
           p.
           ibid.
           
             l.
             34.
             r.
          
           settle
           .
           
             p.
             666.
             l.
             7.
             r.
          
           near
           his
           Quarters
           fortified
           his
           .
           
             p.
             680.
             l.
             25.
             r.
          
           into
           .
           
             p.
             683.
             l.
             47.
             for
          
           But
           ,
           r.
           Out
           .
           
             p.
             693.
             l.
             13.
             r.
          
           by
           Cables
           .
           
             p.
             700.
             l.
             1.
             r.
          
           forc'd
           them
           .
           
             p.
             702.
             l.
             38.
             r.
          
           Colophonians
           .
           p.
           782.
           l.
           3.
           r.
           Tryphon
           '
           
             s
             Name
             .
             p.
          
           ibid.
           
             legat
             .
             34.
             r.
          
           Saturninus
           .
           
             p.
             784.
             line
             31.
             r.
          
           too
           little
           to
           be
           .
           
             p.
             785.
             l.
             40.
             r.
          
           join'd
           with
           them
           .
           
             p.
             786.
             l.
             45.
             add
          
           above
           .
           
             p.
             790.
             l.
             34.
             add
          
           the.
           
             p.
             794.
             l.
             5.
             r.
          
           which
           were
           .
           
             p.
             796.
             l.
             21.
             dele
             the
             second
          
           his
           .
        
      
       
         
           
           
             THE
             CONTENTS
             Of
             the
             First
             Five
             Books
             of
             
               Diodorus
               the
               Sicilian
            
             .
          
           
             
               BOOK
               I.
               
            
             
               Chap.
               1.
               
               OF
               the
               first
               Generation
               of
               Men.
               How
               the
               World
               first
               began
               .
               Mens
               first
               manner
               of
               Life
               ,
               and
               who
               were
               the
               first
               Men.
               First
               Men
               in
               Egypt
               .
               Who
               were
               the
               most
               ancient
               Gods
               of
               Egypt
               .
               Of
               their
               Demi-Gods
               .
               
                 Sol
                 ,
                 Saturn
                 ,
                 Rhea
                 ,
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 Juno
                 ,
                 Vulcan
                 ,
              
               reign'd
               in
               Egypt
               .
               Of
               Osiris
               and
               Isis
               .
               the
               Acts
               of
               Osiris
               and
               
                 Isis
                 .
                 Hermes
              
               his
               Inventions
               .
               Osiris
               prepares
               for
               his
               Expedition
               through
               the
               World
               ,
               and
               to
               that
               end
               raises
               a
               great
               Army
               .
               Page
               1
            
             
               Chap.
               2.
               
               The
               Continuation
               of
               Osiris
               his
               Expedition
               through
               Ethiopia
               ;
               all
               
                 Arabia
                 ,
                 India
              
               ,
               and
               Europe
               :
               Bury'd
               by
               Isis
               and
               Mercury
               .
               How
               he
               was
               kill'd
               .
               His
               Death
               reveng'd
               by
               Isis
               and
               Orus
               .
               Two
               Bulls
               ,
               Apis
               and
               Mnevis
               ,
               worship'd
               in
               Egypt
               .
               Places
               discuss'd
               where
               Osiris
               and
               Isis
               were
               bury'd
               .
               Stories
               of
               the
               Egyptian
               Priests
               .
               Their
               Tears
               ,
               Lunar
               Tears
               ,
               Giants
               ,
               Laws
               about
               Marriage
               .
               Osiris
               and
               Isis
               ,
               their
               Pillars
               and
               Inscriptions
               .
               Colonies
               out
               of
               Egypt
               .
               7
            
             
               Chap.
               3.
               
               The
               Description
               of
               Egypt
               .
               Of
               the
               Lake
               of
               Serbon
               .
               The
               Nature
               of
               the
               River
               Nile
               .
               The
               Cataracts
               .
               The
               Mouths
               of
               Nile
               .
               The
               Fruits
               of
               Egypt
               .
               The
               Beasts
               ,
               Crecodile
               ,
               &c.
               Several
               Opinions
               concerning
               the
               Inundation
               of
               Nile
               .
               14
            
             
               Chap.
               4.
               
               The
               first
               way
               of
               Living
               of
               the
               Egyptians
               :
               Gods
               and
               Demi-Gods
               ,
               their
               Reigns
               in
               Egypt
               .
               The
               ancient
               Kings
               of
               
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 Moenis
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               Their
               several
               Works
               .
               Thebes
               built
               by
               Busitis
               .
               The
               stately
               Sepulchres
               ,
               Obelisks
               ,
               and
               Temples
               there
               .
               A
               Description
               of
               Osymanduas
               his
               Sepulchre
               .
               Memphis
               built
               by
               
                 Uchoreus
                 .
                 Moeris
              
               his
               Lake
               .
               Sesostris
               or
               Sesoosis
               ,
               his
               famous
               Expedition
               ,
               and
               great
               Works
               .
               22
            
             
               Chap.
               5.
               
               The
               Acts
               of
               Sesostris
               the
               Second
               :
               Of
               
                 Ammosis
                 ,
                 Actisan
                 ,
                 Mendes
                 ,
                 Proteus
              
               or
               
                 Cetes
                 ,
                 Remphis
                 ,
                 Chemmis
              
               ,
               (
               the
               great
               Pyramids
               built
               by
               him
               :
               )
               
                 Cephres
                 ,
                 Mycerinus
                 Bocchoris
                 ,
                 Sabach
                 .
              
               The
               Reign
               of
               Twelve
               Kings
               in
               
                 Egypt
                 .
                 Psammeticus
                 Saites
              
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               Kings
               ,
               gain'd
               the
               whole
               ;
               Two
               hundred
               thousand
               of
               his
               Army
               forsake
               him
               ,
               and
               settle
               thmeselves
               in
               
                 Ethiopia
                 .
                 Apries
              
               succeeds
               long
               after
               .
               Amasis
               rebels
               ,
               and
               next
               succeeds
               ;
               and
               Apries
               is
               strangled
               by
               the
               People
               .
               Amasis
               the
               last
               King
               ,
               to
               the
               time
               of
               the
               Conquest
               of
               Egypt
               by
               Cambyses
               .
               31
            
             
               Chap.
               6.
               
               The
               Customs
               of
               the
               Egyptians
               .
               Of
               their
               Kings
               :
               As
               their
               hourly
               Employment
               ,
               Sacrifices
               ,
               Diet
               ,
               &c.
               Burials
               .
               Division
               of
               Egypt
               .
               Their
               Trades
               in
               Egypt
               .
               Courts
               of
               Justice
               ;
               their
               Law-Proceedings
               .
               The
               several
               Laws
               of
               Egypt
               ;
               Beasts
               and
               Birds
               ador'd
               as
               Gods
               in
               Egypt
               ,
               as
               Lions
               ,
               Wolves
               ,
               Cats
               ,
               the
               Bird
               Ibis
               ,
               Kites
               ,
               &c.
               
               Costs
               in
               their
               Burial
               of
               these
               Creatures
               .
               Reasons
               given
               of
               this
               Adoration
               .
               36
            
             
               Chap.
               7.
               
               Why
               the
               Crocodile
               is
               worship'd
               ?
               Some
               sorts
               of
               Herbs
               and
               Roots
               not
               eaten
               .
               Why
               other
               Creatures
               are
               worship'd
               ?
               The
               manner
               of
               their
               Burials
               .
               The
               Law-makers
               
               in
               Egypt
               .
               Learned
               Men
               of
               Greece
               made
               Journeys
               into
               Egypt
               ,
               as
               
                 Orpheus
                 ,
                 Homer
                 ,
                 Plato
                 ,
                 Solon
                 ,
                 Pythagoras
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               Several
               Proofs
               of
               this
               ,
               as
               their
               Religious
               Rites
               ,
               Fables
               ,
               &c.
               in
               Greece
               of
               Egyptian
               Extraction
               .
               The
               exquisite
               Art
               of
               the
               Stone-Carvers
               in
               
                 Egypt
                 .
                 Page
              
               46
            
          
           
             
               BOOK
               II.
               
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 1.
                 
                 NInus
              
               ,
               the
               first
               King
               of
               Assyria
               ,
               his
               Acts
               ;
               invades
               
                 Babylonia
                 ,
                 Media
              
               ,
               and
               over-runs
               several
               other
               Countries
               .
               Nineveh
               built
               by
               him
               ;
               the
               Description
               of
               it
               ;
               Marries
               Semiramis
               ;
               Her
               Descent
               .
               Derceta
               ,
               the
               
                 Philistines
                 Dagon
              
               .
               His
               Expedition
               against
               Bactria
               ;
               He
               dies
               .
               Semitamis
               builds
               Babylon
               ,
               and
               several
               strange
               Works
               there
               ,
               as
               a
               Passage
               under
               Water
               ,
               
               Jupiter's
               Temple
               ,
               &c.
               
               Hanging
               Gardens
               in
               Babylon
               .
               A
               vast
               Stone
               cut
               out
               .
               The
               strange
               Property
               of
               a
               Morass
               .
               Her
               several
               Expeditions
               .
               The
               wonderful
               Lake
               in
               Ethiopia
               ;
               Their
               Burials
               there
               .
               
               Semiramis's
               Expedition
               into
               India
               ;
               Her
               Mock-Elephants
               .
               Her
               Expedition
               proves
               fruitless
               .
               She
               surrenders
               her
               Kingdom
               to
               Ninyas
               her
               Son
               :
               Her
               End.
               53
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 2.
                 
                 Ninyas
              
               succeeds
               Semiramis
               :
               His
               close
               and
               slothful
               manner
               of
               Life
               .
               The
               Reign
               of
               Sardanapalus
               :
               His
               Luxury
               and
               Effeminacy
               :
               His
               Epitaph
               :
               Deposed
               by
               Arbaces
               the
               Mede
               :
               And
               the
               Assyrian
               Empire
               overturn'd
               .
               Nineveh
               raz'd
               .
               64
            
             
               Chap.
               3.
               
               Of
               the
               ancient
               Chaldeans
               ,
               and
               their
               Philosophy
               .
               The
               Planets
               ,
               and
               their
               Course
               .
               The
               Empire
               of
               the
               Medes
               ,
               and
               their
               Kings
               .
               A
               Description
               of
               India
               .
               The
               ancient
               Manners
               and
               Customs
               of
               the
               People
               .
               Their
               Laws
               ;
               Tribes
               ;
               Description
               of
               Scythia
               .
               Of
               the
               Amazons
               .
               Of
               the
               Hyperboreans
               .
               69
            
             
               Chap.
               4.
               
               A
               Description
               of
               Atabia
               the
               Desart
               .
               Happy
               ,
               &c.
               Metals
               ,
               Precious
               Stones
               ,
               Beasts
               ,
               &c.
               AD
               scription
               of
               Taprobana
               in
               the
               Southern
               Ocean
               ,
               now
               call'd
               Ceylon
               or
               Zeilan
               :
               The
               strange
               Things
               there
               :
               How
               discover'd
               by
               Iambulus
               .
               78
            
          
           
             
               BOOK
               III.
               
            
             
               Chap.
               1.
               
               OF
               the
               Ethiopians
               :
               Their
               Letters
               ,
               Laws
               ,
               Arms
               ,
               Religion
               ,
               Funerals
               :
               The
               Description
               of
               several
               Parts
               of
               the
               Country
               .
               Manner
               of
               making
               of
               Gold.
               Of
               the
               Icthyophages
               ,
               their
               several
               sorts
               and
               ways
               of
               Living
               .
               85
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 2.
                 
                 Chelonophages
              
               :
               The
               manner
               of
               taking
               Sea-Tortoises
               :
               The
               Cetivores
               ,
               or
               Whale-Eaters
               .
               The
               Sea-Coasts
               over-against
               Babylon
               ;
               Their
               manner
               of
               taking
               of
               Fish
               .
               The
               Rizophages
               ,
               or
               Root-Eaters
               .
               Those
               call'd
               Spermaphages
               ,
               and
               
                 Hylophages
                 ,
                 Hylogones
              
               or
               Hunters
               ,
               their
               taking
               of
               wild
               Beasts
               :
               The
               Elephant-Fighters
               ;
               how
               they
               are
               taken
               :
               The
               
                 Simoes
                 ,
                 Struthophages
                 ,
                 Acridophages
              
               or
               Locust
               Eaters
               ;
               their
               miserable
               Deaths
               .
               Cynomolges
               .
               The
               Country
               of
               the
               Troglodites
               .
               Wild
               Beasts
               :
               The
               terrible
               wild
               Bull
               :
               Serpents
               ;
               that
               great
               one
               brought
               alive
               to
               Alexandria
               .
               94
            
             
               Chap.
               3.
               
               A
               Description
               of
               the
               Coasts
               and
               Countries
               on
               both
               sides
               the
               Arabian
               Gulf
               ,
               or
               Red
               Sea.
               The
               Perfumes
               of
               
                 Arabia
                 the
                 Happy
              
               .
               The
               Fortunate
               Islands
               .
               A
               Description
               of
               part
               of
               Lybia
               :
               The
               Spectras
               near
               the
               Syrtes
               .
               102
            
             
               Chap.
               4.
               
               Of
               the
               Amazons
               of
               Africa
               :
               Their
               Acts
               :
               Rooted
               out
               by
               Hercules
               ,
               and
               the
               Gorgonians
               by
               Perseus
               .
               The
               Atlantides
               ,
               and
               the
               Gods
               among
               them
               .
               The
               Original
               of
               the
               Titanes
               .
               The
               Acts
               of
               Basilea
               ,
               or
               Cybele
               ,
               said
               to
               be
               born
               in
               Phrygia
               .
               The
               Original
               of
               Atlas
               and
               Saturn
               .
               A
               long
               Account
               given
               of
               Bacchus
               ,
               and
               the
               several
               Bacchuses
               there
               were
               .
               The
               Description
               of
               the
               Grota
               in
               Nysa
               ,
               where
               he
               was
               brought
               up
               .
               The
               building
               of
               the
               Temple
               of
               Hammon
               by
               him
               .
               The
               several
               
               Herculeses
               .
               The
               Monsters
               Aegides
               and
               Campes
               kill'd
               by
               Minerva
               and
               
                 Bacchus
                 .
                 Page
              
               110
            
          
           
             
               BOOK
               IV.
               
            
             
               Chap.
               1.
               
               WHat
               the
               Grecians
               say
               further
               of
               Bacchus
               .
               The
               Story
               of
               Priapus
               .
               Of
               Hermophroditus
               .
               Of
               the
               Muses
               .
               The
               Birth
               of
               Hercules
               ;
               and
               his
               Twelve
               Labours
               injoin'd
               him
               by
               Eurystheus
               .
               His
               wandring
               Expeditions
               through
               
                 Africk
                 ,
                 Spain
                 ,
                 France
                 ,
                 Italy
                 ,
                 Sicily
              
               ;
               His
               setting
               up
               two
               Pillars
               at
               Gades
               ,
               and
               his
               other
               Acts
               by
               the
               way
               .
               The
               Story
               of
               Orpheus
               .
               127
            
             
               Chap.
               2.
               
               An
               Account
               of
               Atlas
               ,
               and
               his
               Daughters
               call'd
               Atlantides
               and
               
                 Hesperides
                 .
                 Amazons
              
               routed
               by
               Theseus
               in
               Attica
               .
               The
               further
               Acts
               of
               Hercules
               ;
               goes
               against
               Laomedon
               King
               of
               Troy
               ,
               and
               other
               Acts.
               The
               Story
               of
               Meleager
               Son
               of
               King
               Oeneus
               .
               Amalthae's
               Horn.
               Hercules
               his
               further
               Acts
               :
               His
               Death
               by
               a
               poison'd
               Shirt
               .
               141
            
             
               Chap.
               3.
               
               Of
               the
               
                 Argonauts
                 ,
                 Medea
              
               and
               the
               Daughters
               of
               Pileus
               .
               How
               the
               Argonauts
               gain'd
               the
               Golden
               Fleece
               .
               The
               Pranks
               of
               Medea
               .
               The
               Acts
               of
               Jason
               .
               The
               Cruelty
               of
               Pelias
               towards
               
               Jason's
               Kindred
               ;
               How
               he
               was
               kill'd
               by
               his
               Daughters
               through
               
               Medea's
               Charms
               .
               Medea
               burns
               the
               King
               of
               
               Corinth's
               Palace
               ,
               and
               him
               in
               it
               .
               The
               miserable
               End
               of
               Jason
               .
               Of
               the
               Heraclidae
               ,
               and
               their
               return
               to
               Peloponnesus
               .
               148
            
             
               Chap.
               4.
               
               The
               Acts
               of
               Theseus
               :
               The
               Minotaur
               in
               
                 Crete
                 :
                 Androgeos
              
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Minos
               murder'd
               by
               
                 Aegeus
                 .
                 Ariadna
              
               ,
               Daughter
               of
               Minos
               ,
               in
               love
               with
               Theseus
               ;
               Ariadna's
               Crown
               .
               Aegeus
               ,
               King
               of
               Athens
               kills
               himself
               .
               Theseus
               his
               Death
               .
               The
               War
               of
               Thebes
               by
               the
               Seven
               Captains
               .
               The
               Epigoni
               renew
               the
               War.
               Pedigrees
               of
               the
               Heroes
               at
               Troy
               :
               Of
               the
               Centaurs
               ,
               and
               Lapithae
               .
               The
               Pedigrees
               of
               
                 Aesculapius
                 ,
                 Aeacus
                 ,
                 Ajax
                 ,
                 Pelops
                 ,
                 Tantalus
                 ,
                 Oenomeus
                 ;
                 Dardanus
              
               his
               Posterity
               to
               Priam
               King
               of
               Troy.
               159
            
             
               Chap.
               5.
               
               Of
               Daedalus
               and
               his
               Works
               in
               
                 Crete
                 ,
                 Sicily
              
               ,
               and
               elsewhere
               .
               His
               Flight
               into
               
                 Sicily
                 ;
                 Minos
              
               invades
               Sicily
               ;
               The
               manner
               of
               his
               Death
               there
               .
               The
               Famous
               Temple
               of
               the
               Curetes
               or
               Corybants
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               built
               by
               the
               Posterity
               of
               the
               Cretians
               that
               came
               there
               with
               Minos
               .
               The
               Pedigree
               of
               Aristaeus
               ;
               his
               Acts
               ;
               his
               Son
               Actaeon
               .
               Of
               
                 Eryx
                 :
                 Venus
              
               her
               Temple
               in
               Eryx
               in
               Sicily
               ;
               the
               Fame
               of
               it
               .
               Of
               Daphnis
               the
               Shepherd
               ;
               a
               Description
               of
               the
               Herean
               Mountains
               .
               Of
               Orion
               .
               Of
               the
               Straight
               of
               Messina
               .
               168
            
          
           
             
               BOOK
               V.
               
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 1.
                 
                 A
              
               Description
               of
               Sicily
               :
               The
               Aeolide
               Islands
               ,
               or
               Lipari
               Islands
               ;
               Of
               
                 Malta
                 ,
                 Gaulus
                 ,
                 Cercina
                 ,
                 Corsica
                 ,
                 Sardinia
                 ,
                 Pityusa
                 ,
              
               and
               the
               Baleares
               .
               176
            
             
               Chap.
               2.
               
               Of
               
                 Madera
                 ,
                 Britain
                 ,
                 Gallia
                 ,
                 Celtiberia
                 ,
                 Iberia
                 ,
              
               and
               Tyrrhenia
               ;
               and
               of
               the
               Inhabitants
               ,
               and
               their
               Laws
               and
               Customs
               .
               184
            
             
               Chap.
               3.
               
               Of
               Gredosia
               :
               Of
               the
               Isles
               of
               the
               
                 Arabian
                 Sea
              
               :
               Of
               the
               
                 Holy
                 Island
              
               :
               Of
               Panchaea
               :
               Of
               Samothracia
               :
               Of
               
                 Naxus
                 ,
                 Syme
                 ,
                 Nausus
                 ,
                 Calydna
                 ,
                 Nisyrus
                 ,
                 Carpathus
                 .
              
               Of
               Rhodes
               ,
               and
               of
               Chersonesus
               .
               194
            
             
               Chap.
               4.
               
               Of
               Crete
               ;
               The
               first
               Inhabitants
               :
               Of
               the
               
                 Idaei
                 Dactyli
              
               ;
               Of
               
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 Saturn
                 ,
                 Hyperion
                 ,
                 Prometheus
                 ,
                 Mnemosyne
                 ,
                 Themis
                 ,
                 Ceres
                 ,
                 Neptune
                 ,
                 Pallas
                 :
              
               Jupiter's
               Race
               ,
               as
               the
               Muses
               ,
               
                 Vulcan
                 ,
                 Mars
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               
               Of
               the
               ancient
               
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 Britomartis
                 ,
                 Pluto
                 ,
                 Rhadamanthus
              
               his
               Justice
               .
               Of
               
                 Lesbos
                 ;
                 Deucalion's
              
               Flood
               :
               Of
               the
               
                 Blessed
                 Islands
              
               ;
               Of
               Tenedos
               ,
               and
               the
               Cyclades
               .
               204
            
          
        
         
           
           
             THE
             CONTENTS
             Of
             the
             Last
             Ten
             Books
             of
             
               Diodorus
               the
               Sicilian
            
             ,
          
           
             
               BOOK
               XI
               .
            
             
               Chap.
               1.
               
               OF
               Xerxes
               his
               Expedition
               into
               Greece
               ;
               and
               the
               Fight
               at
               Thermopyle
               ,
               and
               Sea-Fight
               at
               
                 Salamis
                 .
                 Page
              
               215
            
             
               Chap.
               2.
               
               How
               the
               Carthaginians
               invaded
               Sicily
               ,
               and
               were
               routed
               by
               Gelon
               :
               And
               the
               time
               of
               Pindar
               the
               Poet.
               226
            
             
               Chap.
               3.
               
               The
               Victory
               of
               the
               Greeks
               over
               Mardonius
               at
               Platea
               .
               230
            
             
               Chap.
               4.
               
               Of
               the
               Fight
               with
               the
               Persians
               by
               the
               Grecians
               at
               Mycale
               in
               
                 Ionia
                 .
                 Herodotus
              
               ends
               with
               this
               Fight
               ,
               and
               taking
               of
               Sestos
               .
               233
            
             
               Chap.
               5.
               
               The
               Death
               and
               Commendation
               of
               Gelo
               of
               Syracuse
               ,
               and
               the
               Rebuilding
               of
               Athens
               by
               the
               Policy
               of
               Themistocles
               .
               235
            
             
               Chap.
               6.
               
               The
               enlarging
               of
               the
               Haven
               at
               Athens
               by
               Themistocles
               .
               The
               Treason
               of
               Pausanias
               ;
               And
               the
               Justice
               of
               Aristides
               .
               237
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 7.
                 
                 Hiero
              
               ,
               King
               of
               Sicily
               ,
               prepares
               to
               besiege
               Agrigentum
               ;
               Discovers
               the
               Treason
               of
               them
               of
               Himera
               to
               Thero
               their
               Prince
               ;
               Expels
               the
               Cataneans
               and
               Naxians
               .
               240
            
             
               Chap
               8.
               
               The
               Lacedemonians
               quarrel
               with
               the
               Athenians
               for
               the
               Dominion
               of
               the
               Sea.
               241
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 9.
                 
                 Hiero
              
               breaks
               the
               Power
               of
               the
               Hetruscans
               by
               Sea.
               242
            
             
               Chap
               10.
               
               The
               War
               between
               the
               Tarrentines
               and
               the
               
                 Japigians
                 .
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               Chap.
               11.
               
               The
               Death
               of
               Thero
               Prince
               of
               Agrigentum
               ,
               and
               the
               Tyranny
               of
               his
               Son
               Thrasydeus
               ,
               who
               abdicated
               the
               Government
               ,
               and
               kill'd
               himself
               .
               Three
               hundred
               of
               the
               Family
               of
               the
               Fabii
               slain
               at
               one
               time
               .
               243
            
             
               Chap.
               12.
               
               The
               Malice
               of
               the
               Lacedemonians
               against
               Themistocles
               ,
               and
               his
               Banishment
               :
               His
               Praise
               .
               244
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 13.
                 
                 Cymon
              
               ,
               the
               Athenian
               General
               ,
               gains
               many
               Places
               for
               the
               Athenians
               :
               Routs
               the
               Persians
               by
               a
               Stratagem
               at
               
                 Eury
                 medentum
              
               .
               247
            
             
               Chap.
               14.
               
               A
               great
               Earthquake
               in
               Sparta
               ;
               The
               War
               upon
               them
               by
               the
               Helots
               and
               Mycenians
               .
               248
            
             
               Chap.
               15.
               
               The
               War
               between
               the
               Argives
               and
               the
               Mycenians
               .
               249
            
             
               Chap.
               16.
               
               The
               Death
               of
               Hiero.
               250
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 17.
                 
                 Thrasybulus
              
               ,
               King
               of
               Syracuse
               ,
               depos'd
               by
               force
               of
               Arms
               for
               his
               Tyranny
               .
               250
            
             
               Chap.
               18.
               
               The
               Murder
               of
               Xerxes
               by
               Artabanus
               .
               251
            
             
               Chap.
               19.
               
               The
               War
               between
               the
               Athenians
               and
               Aegineaus
               .
               252
            
             
               Chap
               20.
               
               The
               Egyptians
               revolt
               from
               the
               Persians
               .
               New
               Troubles
               in
               
                 Sicily
                 .
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 21.
                 
                 Persians
              
               Expedition
               into
               Egypt
               .
               Wars
               in
               Sicily
               .
               254
            
             
               
               Chap.
               22.
               
               The
               War
               between
               the
               Epidaurians
               and
               
                 Athenians
                 .
                 Page
              
               255
            
             
               Chap.
               23.
               
               The
               War
               between
               the
               Corinthians
               and
               Megareans
               .
               256
            
             
               Chap.
               24.
               
               The
               War
               between
               the
               Athenians
               and
               Boetians
               .
               257
            
             
               Chap.
               25.
               
               The
               Athenians
               invade
               the
               Spartans
               by
               Tolmides
               .
               258
            
             
               Chap.
               26.
               
               The
               War
               in
               Sicily
               between
               the
               Aegestines
               and
               the
               Lilybeans
               .
               The
               Custom
               of
               Writing
               upon
               an
               Olive
               Leaf
               the
               Names
               of
               such
               as
               were
               to
               be
               banish'd
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               call'd
               Petalism
               .
               259
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 27.
                 
                 Pericles
              
               makes
               an
               Inrode
               into
               Peloponnesus
               :
               Besieg'd
               
                 Sicyon
                 .
                 Phaylus
              
               in
               Sicily
               made
               Admiral
               against
               the
               Tyrrhenian
               Pirates
               :
               Is
               corrupted
               and
               banish'd
               .
               The
               Original
               of
               the
               Palici
               :
               And
               the
               Stories
               of
               the
               Temple
               ,
               and
               Wonders
               of
               the
               Craters
               in
               Sicily
               .
               260
            
             
               Chap.
               28.
               
               The
               Contests
               between
               Deucetius
               and
               the
               Agrigentines
               .
               His
               strange
               Submission
               to
               the
               Syracusians
               ,
               who
               sent
               him
               to
               Corinth
               ,
               with
               Promise
               to
               supply
               him
               with
               Necessaries
               .
               262
            
          
           
             
               BOOK
               XII
               .
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 1.
                 
                 CYmon
              
               the
               Athenian
               Admiral
               ,
               his
               Expedition
               into
               Cyprus
               .
               Peace
               concluded
               between
               the
               Persians
               and
               
                 Athenians
                 .
                 Cymon
              
               dies
               in
               Cyprus
               .
               264
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 2.
                 
                 Megarians
              
               revolt
               from
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               and
               are
               beaten
               .
               The
               Athenians
               revolted
               at
               Cheronea
               by
               the
               Beotians
               .
               Many
               Cities
               revolt
               .
               Peace
               concluded
               .
               265
            
             
               Chap.
               3.
               
               The
               War
               between
               the
               Agrigentines
               and
               Syracusians
               in
               Sicily
               .
               The
               War
               between
               them
               of
               Crotona
               and
               the
               
                 Siberites
                 .
                 Sibaris
              
               raz'd
               .
               The
               building
               of
               
                 Thurium
                 :
                 Charondas
              
               his
               good
               Laws
               in
               Thurium
               :
               His
               remarkable
               Death
               .
               The
               Laws
               of
               Zaleuchus
               of
               Locris
               .
               266
            
             
               Chap.
               4.
               
               Of
               the
               Decemviri
               in
               Rome
               chosen
               to
               make
               Laws
               .
               War
               between
               the
               Thurians
               and
               Tarentines
               .
               A
               sad
               Story
               of
               the
               Daughter
               of
               one
               
                 Lucius
                 Virginius
              
               in
               Rome
               ,
               which
               caus'd
               a
               Disturbance
               and
               great
               Sedition
               .
               Law
               of
               the
               Twelve
               Tables
               .
               Peace
               all
               over
               the
               World.
               272
            
             
               Chap.
               5.
               
               War
               between
               the
               Samians
               and
               Melesians
               .
               A
               Sedition
               in
               Samos
               ,
               which
               revolts
               from
               the
               Athenians
               .
               War
               in
               Sicily
               by
               the
               Syracusians
               against
               the
               Trinacrians
               273
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 6.
                 
                 Corinthian
              
               War
               against
               
                 Corcyra
                 .
                 Potidea
              
               revolts
               from
               the
               Athenians
               .
               Quarrels
               in
               Thurium
               .
               Meton's
               Year
               .
               Heraclea
               in
               Italy
               built
               .
               Potidea
               besieg'd
               by
               Phormio
               .
               275
            
             
               Chap.
               7.
               
               Of
               the
               Peloponnesian
               War.
               Potidea
               revolts
               ;
               besieg'd
               by
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               and
               is
               surrendred
               upon
               Articles
               .
               Nicias
               made
               the
               Athenian
               Admiral
               .
               Gorgia
               ,
               an
               excellent
               Orator
               ,
               sent
               from
               Leontine
               in
               Sicily
               to
               Athens
               .
               A
               Peace
               concluded
               ,
               after
               the
               War
               had
               continu'd
               ten
               Years
               .
               278
            
             
               Chap.
               8.
               
               Continuation
               of
               the
               Peloponnesian
               War.
               War
               by
               the
               Romans
               against
               the
               Fidinates
               ,
               for
               putting
               their
               Ambassadors
               to
               death
               .
               Quarrels
               between
               the
               Aegistines
               and
               the
               Selinuntines
               in
               Sicily
               .
               Expedition
               of
               the
               Athenians
               against
               Sicily
               under
               Nicias
               ,
               being
               the
               16th
               Year
               of
               the
               Peloponnesian
               War.
               293
            
          
           
             
               BOOK
               XIII
               .
            
             
               Chap.
               1.
               
               THE
               Athenian
               Fleet
               equipp'd
               out
               for
               
                 Sicily
                 .
                 Alcibiades
              
               accus'd
               :
               Flies
               :
               Is
               condemn'd
               :
               Goes
               to
               Sparta
               out
               of
               
                 Italy
                 .
                 Syracusians
              
               send
               for
               Aid
               to
               
                 Lacedemon
                 :
                 Gylippus
              
               is
               sent
               to
               them
               .
               Battel
               at
               Syracuse
               .
               300
            
             
               
               Chap.
               2.
               
               The
               Lacedemonians
               invade
               Attica
               .
               Fight
               at
               Sea
               between
               the
               Syracusians
               and
               
                 Athenians
                 .
                 Eurimedon
              
               and
               Demosthenes
               arrive
               in
               Sicily
               .
               A
               Plague
               in
               the
               Athenian
               Camp.
               Another
               Fight
               between
               the
               Syracusians
               and
               Athenians
               ;
               the
               latter
               routed
               at
               Sea
               :
               The
               Athenians
               ruin'd
               in
               
                 Sicily
                 :
                 Nicholaus
              
               his
               long
               Oration
               ;
               Gylippus
               his
               Answer
               .
               Page
               303
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 3.
                 
                 Diocles
              
               instituted
               Laws
               for
               Sicily
               :
               Suffer'd
               by
               one
               of
               his
               own
               Laws
               .
               Three
               hundred
               appointed
               to
               Govern
               in
               
                 Athens
                 Athenians
              
               beaten
               at
               Sea
               by
               the
               Lacedemonians
               at
               Oropus
               .
               Alcibiades
               recall'd
               from
               Banishment
               .
               315
            
             
               Chap.
               4.
               
               The
               Government
               by
               Four
               hundred
               abrogated
               in
               Athens
               :
               The
               Victory
               by
               the
               Athenians
               over
               the
               Lacedemonians
               at
               Sea
               ,
               between
               Sestus
               and
               Abydos
               .
               The
               Persian
               Garrison
               driven
               out
               of
               Antandris
               by
               the
               help
               of
               the
               Lacedemonians
               .
               Twenty
               two
               years
               of
               the
               Peloponnesian
               War
               ended
               .
               Here
               Thucydides
               ends
               his
               History
               .
               317
            
             
               Chap.
               5.
               
               Commotions
               in
               
                 Sicily
                 .
                 Carthaginians
              
               invited
               thither
               by
               the
               Aegistines
               .
               A
               Sea-Fight
               at
               Dardanum
               between
               the
               Athenians
               and
               Lacedemonians
               .
               A
               Sedition
               in
               Corcyra
               .
               The
               Sea-Fight
               at
               Cyzicum
               ;
               and
               at
               Cleros
               by
               Land
               ,
               wherein
               the
               Athenians
               were
               Victors
               .
               320
            
             
               Chap.
               6.
               
               The
               Spartans
               seek
               for
               Peace
               .
               The
               Speech
               of
               Endius
               .
               The
               Athenians
               refuse
               .
               325
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 7.
                 
                 Hannibal
              
               the
               Carthaginian
               invades
               Sicily
               .
               The
               miserable
               Destruction
               of
               Selinunte
               .
               The
               Ruin
               likewise
               of
               Himera
               .
               The
               Acts
               of
               Hermocrates
               in
               Sicily
               .
               326
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 8.
                 
                 Thrasybulus
              
               assaults
               Ephesus
               .
               The
               Lacedemonians
               besiege
               Pylus
               ;
               and
               surrendred
               .
               Calcedon
               besieg'd
               by
               Theramenes
               ;
               and
               afterwards
               Byzantium
               ,
               which
               was
               betray'd
               to
               Alcibiades
               .
               331
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 9
                 Theramenes
              
               and
               Alcibiades
               return
               to
               Athens
               ;
               are
               admir'd
               by
               the
               People
               .
               Lysander
               made
               General
               by
               the
               
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 Antiochus
              
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               Athenian
               Generals
               ,
               beaten
               at
               Ephesus
               in
               a
               Sea-Fight
               .
               Agis
               surprizes
               part
               of
               the
               Walls
               at
               Athens
               ,
               but
               was
               beaten
               off
               Alcibiades
               accus'd
               for
               assaulting
               Cuma
               ,
               a
               Confederate
               City
               .
               Conon
               made
               Admiral
               in
               his
               Place
               .
               333
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 10.
                 
                 Hermocrates
              
               kill'd
               at
               Syracuse
               ,
               attempting
               to
               surprize
               it
               .
               336
            
             
               Chap.
               11.
               
               The
               Acts
               of
               Callicrates
               ,
               the
               Lacedemonian
               General
               .
               The
               Fight
               at
               Sea
               in
               the
               Harbour
               at
               Mitylene
               ,
               between
               Conon
               and
               Callicratides
               .
               337
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 12.
                 
                 Therma
              
               built
               in
               Sicily
               by
               the
               Carthaginians
               ;
               They
               raise
               Forces
               to
               invade
               Italy
               :
               They
               land
               in
               Sicily
               .
               The
               noble
               Temple
               in
               Agrigentum
               :
               The
               ancient
               Grandeur
               of
               that
               City
               :
               The
               Riches
               of
               Gellias
               ,
               a
               Citizen
               there
               ,
               and
               some
               others
               .
               Agrigentum
               besiege'd
               .
               The
               Syracusians
               under
               Daphneus
               rout
               the
               Carthaginians
               near
               
                 Agrigentum
                 .
                 Imilcar
              
               seizes
               the
               Syracusian
               Fleet
               ,
               and
               takes
               all
               the
               Provision
               going
               to
               Agrigentum
               ,
               which
               was
               afterwards
               quit
               by
               the
               Inhabitants
               :
               Their
               miserable
               Condition
               .
               The
               Phalarian
               Bull.
               339
            
             
               Chap.
               13.
               
               The
               Syracusian
               Officers
               accus'd
               .
               Dionysius
               made
               General
               of
               the
               Syracusians
               :
               He
               moves
               to
               have
               the
               Exiles
               recall'd
               :
               He
               's
               invested
               with
               the
               sole
               Command
               :
               At
               length
               by
               several
               Artifices
               gains
               the
               Sovereignty
               .
               345
            
             
               Chap.
               14.
               
               The
               famous
               Battel
               of
               Argineuse
               at
               Sea
               ,
               wherein
               the
               Athenians
               were
               Victors
               :
               The
               Officers
               accus'd
               for
               not
               burying
               the
               Dead
               .
               The
               Speech
               of
               Diomedon
               .
               The
               Death
               of
               Sophocles
               and
               Euripides
               .
               348
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 15.
                 
                 Lysander
              
               made
               sole
               Admiral
               of
               the
               Lacedemonian
               Fleet
               :
               He
               takes
               Caramium
               .
               The
               Ruin
               of
               the
               Athenian
               Fleet
               at
               
                 Aegos
                 Potamos
                 .
                 Athens
              
               taken
               by
               Lisander
               .
               The
               end
               of
               the
               Peloponnesian
               War.
               352.
               
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 16.
                 
                 Agrigentum
              
               sack'd
               by
               Imilcar
               the
               Carthaginian
               .
               The
               Carthaginians
               besiege
               
                 Gela.
                 Dionysius
              
               goes
               to
               the
               Aid
               of
               Gela.
               The
               Skirmishes
               before
               
                 Gela.
                 Camarina
              
               deserted
               by
               order
               of
               Dionysius
               .
               The
               Soldiers
               enrag'd
               at
               Dionysius
               :
               He
               hastens
               to
               
                 Syracuse
                 .
                 Imilcar
              
               makes
               Peace
               with
               Dionysius
               ,
               and
               returns
               to
               Carthage
               .
               The
               end
               of
               the
               first
               Carthaginian
               War
               with
               Dionysius
               .
               354
            
          
           
             
             
               BOOK
               XIV
               .
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 1.
                 
                 A
              
               Peace
               between
               the
               Athenians
               and
               Lacedemonians
               .
               The
               Athenians
               disagree
               about
               the
               manner
               of
               their
               Government
               ;
               The
               Government
               by
               30
               ;
               The
               Cruelty
               of
               the
               30
               Tyrants
               ,
               and
               especially
               towards
               .
               
                 Theramenes
                 .
                 Page
              
               358
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 2.
                 
                 Dionysius
              
               his
               Project
               to
               strengthen
               himself
               in
               the
               Sovereignty
               of
               
                 Sicily
                 .
                 Syracusians
              
               revolt
               ;
               are
               dispersed
               .
               360
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 3.
                 
                 Lacedemonians
              
               establish
               an
               Oligarchy
               in
               every
               City
               .
               Dionysius
               disarms
               the
               
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 Alcibiades
              
               kill'd
               ;
               manner
               of
               his
               Death
               .
               Clearchus
               his
               Tyranny
               in
               Bizantium
               ;
               the
               Battel
               at
               Porus
               by
               him
               against
               his
               Countrymen
               the
               Lacedemonians
               .
               Lysander's
               Project
               to
               out
               the
               Heraclidae
               of
               the
               Sovereign
               Power
               .
               361
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 4.
                 
                 Dionysius
              
               his
               Actions
               in
               Sicily
               .
               The
               Oropians
               subdu'd
               by
               the
               Thebans
               .
               The
               Lacedemonians
               quarrel
               with
               the
               
                 Elians
                 .
                 Dionysius
              
               fortifies
               the
               Epipodae
               .
               364
            
             
               Chap.
               5.
               
               The
               War
               between
               Cyrus
               and
               his
               Brother
               Artaxerxes
               King
               of
               
                 Persia
                 .
                 Cyrus
              
               Routed
               .
               The
               Grecian
               Forces
               in
               Straits
               :
               their
               brave
               Behaviour
               :
               and
               long
               and
               troublesome
               March
               out
               of
               Persia
               into
               Greece
               .
               366
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 6.
                 
                 Thrasybulus
              
               opposes
               the
               30
               Tyrants
               .
               The
               cruelty
               of
               Psamnificus
               King
               of
               Aegypt
               ,
               towards
               his
               old
               friend
               Tamos
               that
               fled
               to
               him
               for
               succour
               from
               the
               
                 Persians
                 .
                 Darcyllidas
              
               sent
               General
               against
               the
               Persians
               into
               
                 Asia
                 .
                 Conon
              
               made
               Admiral
               of
               the
               Persian
               Fleet.
               373
            
             
               Chap.
               7.
               
               The
               War
               between
               the
               Rhegians
               and
               Dionysius
               .
               He
               prepares
               to
               make
               War
               upon
               the
               Carthaginians
               .
               Most
               of
               the
               Cities
               submit
               to
               Dionysius
               .
               He
               returns
               to
               the
               Siege
               of
               Motya
               :
               Taken
               .
               Forces
               sent
               from
               Carthage
               against
               Dionysius
               .
               A
               Sea-fight
               between
               the
               Carthaginians
               and
               the
               
                 Sicilians
                 .
                 Syracuse
              
               besieg'd
               .
               The
               Speech
               of
               Theodorus
               against
               Dionysius
               .
               A
               greivous
               Plague
               in
               the
               Carthaginian
               Army
               .
               A
               great
               Destruction
               of
               the
               Carthaginian
               Fleet
               in
               the
               Harbour
               of
               Syracuse
               .
               The
               miserable
               Condition
               of
               Imilco
               in
               his
               own
               Country
               .
               The
               Troubles
               of
               the
               Carthaginians
               .
               376
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 8.
                 
                 Agesilaus
              
               made
               General
               against
               the
               Persians
               by
               the
               Lacedemonians
               ,
               goes
               to
               Ephesus
               :
               They
               send
               to
               the
               King
               of
               Egypt
               for
               Assistance
               .
               The
               Persians
               routed
               at
               Sipylus
               by
               
                 Agesilaus
                 .
                 Tissaphernes
              
               his
               head
               cut
               off
               in
               a
               Bath
               at
               Larissa
               .
               The
               War
               between
               the
               Phoceans
               and
               Boetians
               .
               392
            
             
               Chap.
               9.
               
               The
               Confederate
               War
               by
               the
               Argives
               and
               others
               against
               the
               Lacedemonians
               .
               The
               Battel
               at
               Aricas
               The
               fight
               at
               
                 Nemea
                 .
                 Pisander
              
               the
               Lacedemonian
               Admiral
               routed
               in
               a
               Sea-fight
               at
               Cnidus
               by
               the
               Persian
               Fleet
               ,
               commanded
               by
               Conon
               the
               Athenian
               .
               The
               Corinthian
               War
               against
               the
               Lacedemonians
               ,
               and
               the
               great
               Sedition
               there
               .
               394
            
             
               Chap.
               10.
               
               The
               Quarrel
               between
               the
               Rhegians
               and
               
                 Dionysius
                 .
                 Mago
              
               the
               Carthaginian
               settles
               Affairs
               in
               Sicily
               .
               Routed
               at
               Abacena
               by
               
                 Dionysius
                 .
                 Rhegium
              
               near
               surpriz'd
               by
               Dionysius
               .
               The
               Acts
               of
               Iphicrates
               at
               
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 Plias
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Sicyon
                 .
                 Amyntas
              
               lost
               his
               Kingdom
               of
               Macedonia
               ,
               but
               was
               restor'd
               .
               The
               Romans
               take
               Veii
               :
               Dedicate
               a
               Golden
               Cup
               to
               Apollo
               .
               Their
               Ambassadors
               are
               taken
               by
               the
               Pyrats
               of
               the
               Lipari
               Islands
               ,
               but
               discharg'd
               by
               Timastheus
               .
               396
            
             
               Chap.
               11.
               
               The
               Acts
               of
               Thrasybulus
               the
               Athenian
               General
               .
               The
               Carthaginians
               under
               Mago
               begin
               a
               new
               War
               in
               Sicily
               against
               Dionysius
               .
               A
               Peace
               concluded
               .
               Rodes
               falls
               off
               from
               the
               
                 Athenians
                 .
                 Evagoras
              
               becomes
               King
               of
               Salamis
               in
               Cyprus
               ,
               makes
               War
               against
               the
               Persians
               .
               The
               Acts
               of
               Thimbro
               the
               Lacedemonian
               General
               in
               Asia
               .
               398
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 12.
                 
                 Dionysius
              
               his
               Expedition
               against
               Rhegium
               .
               The
               War
               between
               the
               Lucanians
               and
               Thurians
               in
               Italy
               .
               The
               Thurians
               cut
               off
               by
               their
               own
               Rashness
               .
               Leptines
               generously
               sav'd
               those
               that
               swam
               to
               his
               ships
               ,
               tho'
               he
               was
               a
               Friend
               to
               their
               Enemies
               .
               Dionysius
               his
               second
               Expedition
               into
               Italy
               :
               besieges
               Caulonia
               ,
               and
               routs
               
               Heloris
               .
               Makes
               Peace
               with
               the
               Rhegians
               .
               Razes
               Caulonia
               to
               the
               ground
               ,
               and
               transplants
               the
               Inhabitants
               to
               Syracuse
               .
               Watches
               an
               occasion
               to
               be
               reveng'd
               on
               them
               of
               Rhegium
               .
               Besieges
               it
               .
               He
               sends
               rich
               Chariots
               to
               the
               Olympick
               Games
               .
               His
               Poetry
               ridicul'd
               .
               401
            
             
               Chap.
               13.
               
               The
               Peace
               of
               Antalcidas
               .
               The
               War
               by
               the
               Persians
               against
               Evagoras
               in
               Cyprus
               .
               The
               miserable
               Condition
               of
               Rhegium
               .
               Surrendred
               .
               The
               cruel
               Usage
               of
               Philo
               the
               Governor
               of
               Rhegium
               ,
               and
               of
               his
               Son.
               The
               Expedition
               of
               the
               Galls
               against
               Italy
               .
               The
               Romans
               routed
               by
               the
               Galls
               at
               the
               river
               
                 Allia
                 .
                 Rome
              
               taken
               by
               the
               
                 Galls
                 .
                 Romans
              
               besieg'd
               in
               the
               Capitol
               .
               The
               Volsci
               revolt
               from
               the
               Romans
               .
               The
               Galls
               routed
               by
               
                 Marcus
                 Furius
              
               in
               their
               Return
               .
               All
               cut
               off
               afterwards
               in
               the
               Plains
               of
               Trausium
               .
               404
            
          
           
             
               BOOK
               XV.
               
            
             
               Chap.
               1.
               
               THE
               Preface
               .
               Artaxerxes
               Expedition
               against
               Evagoras
               in
               Cyprus
               .
               The
               Actions
               there
               at
               Sea
               and
               Land.
               The
               Lacedemonians
               begin
               new
               Quarrels
               in
               Greece
               .
               As
               first
               with
               
                 Mantinea
                 .
                 Dionysius
              
               gives
               himself
               to
               Poetry
               .
               Peace
               concluded
               with
               Evagoras
               by
               Orontes
               the
               Persian
               General
               .
               Terabazus
               brought
               to
               his
               Trial.
               Judgment
               upon
               corrupt
               Judges
               .
               Terabazus
               acquitted
               .
               409
               ,
               410
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 2.
                 
                 Mantinea
              
               besieg'd
               by
               the
               
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 Dionysius
              
               aims
               to
               gain
               the
               Islands
               of
               the
               Adriatick
               Sea.
               The
               Parii
               built
               
                 Pharos
                 .
                 Dionysius
              
               his
               Expedition
               into
               Hetruria
               .
               Prepares
               for
               War
               against
               the
               Carthaginians
               .
               The
               Sicilians
               routed
               at
               Cronion
               .
               The
               Quarrel
               between
               the
               Clazomenians
               ,
               and
               them
               of
               Cuma
               about
               Leuca
               .
               The
               War
               between
               Amyntas
               and
               the
               Olynthians
               .
               The
               Lacedemonians
               seize
               the
               Citadel
               .
               Cadmea
               at
               
                 Thebes
                 .
                 Eudamidas
              
               breaks
               into
               the
               Olynthians
               Country
               .
               414
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 3.
                 
                 Polypidas
              
               sent
               General
               by
               the
               Lacedemonians
               against
               the
               Olynthians
               .
               A
               great
               Plague
               in
               Carthage
               .
               The
               Boetian
               War.
               Cadmea
               retaken
               .
               A
               Confederacy
               of
               the
               Cities
               against
               the
               
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 Cleombrotus
              
               attempts
               to
               surprize
               the
               Pyreum
               at
               Athens
               .
               The
               Athenians
               seize
               Actea
               in
               
                 Eubaea
                 .
                 Agesilaus
              
               enters
               Boetia
               .
               The
               Sea-fight
               at
               Naxus
               .
               418
            
             
               Chap.
               4.
               
               The
               Treballians
               make
               Incursions
               into
               
                 Thrace
                 .
                 Chabrias
              
               the
               Athenian
               General
               assassinated
               .
               The
               Thebans
               rout
               the
               Spartans
               at
               
                 Orchomena
                 .
                 Artaxerxes
              
               seeks
               to
               make
               Peace
               among
               the
               Grecians
               .
               Peace
               concluded
               .
               Thebans
               only
               disagreed
               .
               The
               Commendation
               of
               Epaminondas
               .
               Seditions
               in
               several
               Cities
               of
               Greece
               .
               423
            
             
               Chap.
               5.
               
               The
               Persians
               send
               an
               Army
               into
               Aegypt
               to
               reduce
               the
               Revolters
               .
               Iphicrates
               a
               skilful
               Commander
               .
               Sedition
               at
               
                 Zacynthus
                 .
                 Platea
              
               raz'd
               by
               the
               Thebans
               .
               The
               Lacedemonians
               seize
               upon
               the
               Island
               Corcyra
               .
               The
               Siege
               of
               Corcyra
               rais'd
               by
               the
               Athenians
               under
               
                 Cresides
                 .
                 Evagoras
              
               in
               Cyprus
               murther'd
               by
               an
               Eunuch
               .
               Dreadful
               Earthquakes
               and
               Inundations
               in
               Peloponnesus
               .
               A
               great
               Comet
               seen
               in
               Greece
               .
               425
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 6.
                 
                 Artaxerxes
              
               sends
               again
               to
               make
               Peace
               among
               the
               Grecians
               .
               All
               comply'd
               but
               the
               Thebans
               .
               The
               Spartans
               raise
               an
               Army
               against
               the
               
                 Thebans
                 .
                 Epaminondas
              
               made
               the
               Theban
               General
               .
               The
               famous
               Battel
               of
               Leuctra
               .
               The
               terrible
               Seditions
               and
               Cruelites
               in
               
                 Argos
                 .
                 Jason
              
               of
               Pherae
               stirs
               up
               the
               Thessalians
               to
               gain
               the
               Soveraignty
               of
               
                 Greece
                 .
                 Polydore
              
               Prince
               of
               Pherea
               in
               Thessaly
               poyson'd
               by
               his
               Brother
               Alexander
               .
               Plots
               to
               depose
               Alexander
               .
               King
               of
               Macedonia
               treated
               with
               to
               that
               purpose
               .
               429
            
             
               Chap.
               7.
               
               The
               Lacedemonians
               send
               Politropus
               into
               Arcadia
               :
               who
               is
               slain
               ,
               and
               his
               Party
               routed
               by
               Lycomedes
               .
               An
               Invasion
               by
               Epaminondas
               and
               Pelopidas
               into
               
                 Peloponnesus
                 .
                 Sparta
              
               besieg'd
               .
               The
               Antiquity
               and
               History
               of
               Messena
               in
               Greece
               .
               
               Pallane
               taken
               by
               Arcadians
               .
               A
               wall
               drawn
               between
               Cenchrea
               and
               Lechcum
               to
               hinder
               the
               Thebans
               inroad
               into
               
                 Peloponnesus
                 .
                 Epaminondas
              
               breaks
               through
               into
               Peloponnesus
               .
               Assaults
               Corinth
               .
               434
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 8.
                 
                 Dionysius
              
               sends
               Galls
               and
               Spaniards
               to
               the
               assistance
               of
               the
               
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 Pelopidas
              
               and
               Ismenias
               clapt
               up
               by
               Alexander
               Tyrant
               of
               Pherea
               .
               The
               Boetians
               pursu'd
               by
               the
               Phereans
               :
               brought
               off
               by
               Epaminondas
               then
               a
               private
               Soldier
               .
               The
               Fight
               between
               the
               Arcadians
               and
               
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 Dionysius
              
               falls
               upon
               the
               Carthaginian
               Territories
               in
               
                 Sicily
                 .
                 Dionysius
              
               dyes
               .
               The
               cause
               of
               his
               death
               .
               The
               cruelty
               of
               Alexander
               the
               Pherean
               at
               
                 Schotusa
                 .
                 Epaminondas
              
               breaks
               again
               into
               
                 Peloponnesus
                 .
                 Coos
              
               peopled
               and
               Wall'd
               .
               The
               end
               of
               the
               Laconick
               and
               Boetick
               War
               by
               the
               Mediation
               of
               the
               Persian
               King.
               438
            
             
               Chap.
               9.
               
               New
               Stirs
               in
               Greece
               .
               The
               Battel
               between
               the
               Eleans
               and
               Arcadians
               near
               Lassion
               .
               The
               Quarrel
               between
               the
               Pisate
               and
               them
               of
               Elis
               about
               the
               Olympick
               Games
               .
               A
               Fight
               at
               the
               Time
               and
               Place
               of
               the
               Games
               .
               The
               Thebans
               prepare
               a
               Fleet
               in
               order
               to
               gain
               the
               Dominion
               at
               Sea.
               
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 Chios
              
               ,
               and
               Byzantium
               brought
               in
               to
               the
               Thebans
               by
               Epaminondas
               .
               The
               Thebans
               make
               War
               upon
               Orchomenon
               .
               The
               Reason
               Orchomenon
               raz'd
               .
               The
               Thessalians
               War
               with
               Alexander
               the
               
                 Pherean
                 .
                 Pelopidas
              
               kill'd
               .
               His
               Praises
               .
               441
            
             
               Chap.
               10.
               
               The
               War
               between
               the
               Tegeans
               and
               
                 Mantineans
                 ,
                 Boetians
              
               side
               with
               the
               
                 Tegeans
                 .
                 Epaminondas
              
               made
               General
               .
               The
               Battel
               at
               Mantinca
               ,
               where
               Epaminondas
               was
               kill'd
               ,
               but
               the
               Lacedemonians
               routed
               .
               The
               Commendation
               of
               Epaminondas
               .
               443
            
             
               Chap.
               11.
               
               A
               Defection
               from
               the
               Persians
               in
               
                 Asia
                 .
                 Tachos
              
               King
               of
               Aegypt
               declares
               War
               against
               the
               Persians
               .
               The
               War
               between
               Tachos
               ,
               and
               his
               Son
               Nectabanus
               .
               The
               death
               of
               
                 Artaxerxes
                 Mnemon
                 .
                 Agesilaus
              
               routs
               the
               Aegyptians
               that
               pursu'd
               him
               :
               and
               restores
               Tachos
               to
               his
               Kingdom
               :
               Stirs
               again
               in
               Greece
               after
               the
               Battel
               of
               Mantinea
               between
               the
               Megalopolitans
               and
               the
               neighbouring
               Towns.
               Peparethos
               besieg'd
               by
               Alexander
               of
               Pherea
               ,
               He
               routs
               Leostenes
               at
               Sea.
               Charietes
               the
               Athenian
               Admiral
               his
               Villanies
               .
               473
            
          
           
             
               BOOK
               XVI
               .
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 1.
                 
                 PHilip
              
               an
               Hostage
               at
               Thebes
               :
               makes
               his
               Escape
               ;
               beats
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               after
               makes
               Peace
               with
               them
               ,
               subdues
               the
               Peons
               ,
               and
               routs
               the
               Illyrians
               ,
               and
               makes
               Peace
               with
               them
               .
               477
            
             
               Chap.
               2.
               
               The
               Actions
               of
               Dionysius
               the
               younger
               ,
               in
               Sicily
               and
               other
               parts
               .
               
               Dion's
               Flight
               to
               Corinth
               ,
               and
               his
               Return
               to
               
                 Sicily
                 .
                 Andromachus
              
               peoples
               Tauromenum
               .
               The
               Civil
               Wars
               in
               Eubea
               .
               The
               Social
               War
               between
               the
               Athenians
               and
               other
               Nations
               .
               Philip
               takes
               Amphipolis
               and
               other
               Cities
               .
               His
               Policies
               to
               gain
               the
               Olynthians
               and
               other
               Places
               in
               Greece
               .
               479
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 3.
                 
                 Dion's
              
               March
               ,
               and
               Entring
               into
               
                 Syracuse
                 .
                 Dionysius
              
               comes
               to
               the
               Island
               part
               of
               Syracuse
               .
               Assaults
               the
               Wall
               erected
               from
               Sea
               to
               Sea
               :
               is
               beaten
               by
               
                 Dion
                 .
                 Alexander
              
               of
               Pherea
               murdered
               by
               his
               Wife
               and
               his
               two
               Brothers
               .
               Philip
               relieves
               the
               Thessalonians
               from
               the
               two
               Brothers
               .
               481
            
             
               Chap.
               4.
               
               The
               first
               rise
               of
               the
               Brutii
               in
               
                 Italy
                 .
                 Dionysius
              
               his
               Admiral
               invades
               the
               Leontines
               .
               A
               Fight
               at
               Sea
               between
               Heraclides
               and
               Philistus
               Admirals
               ,
               one
               of
               Dionysius
               ,
               the
               other
               of
               Dion
               .
               A
               Faction
               in
               
                 Syracuse
                 .
                 Dion
              
               leaves
               the
               Syracusians
               .
               Their
               sad
               Condition
               .
               Reliev'd
               by
               Dion
               .
               484
            
             
               Chap.
               5.
               
               A
               Continuance
               of
               the
               Social
               War.
               Iphicrates
               and
               Timotheus
               join'd
               Admirals
               with
               Chrates
               by
               the
               
                 Athenians
                 .
                 Iphicrates
              
               and
               Timotheus
               accus'd
               by
               Chrates
               ,
               and
               fin'd
               and
               remov'd
               .
               Chrates
               joins
               with
               Pharnabasus
               and
               routs
               the
               Persians
               .
               The
               end
               of
               the
               Social
               War.
               Philip
               subdues
               the
               Confederates
               .
               487
            
             
               
               Chap.
               6.
               
               The
               Beginning
               of
               the
               Sacred
               War
               ,
               or
               Phocian
               War.
               Philomelus
               seizes
               the
               Temple
               at
               Delphos
               after
               he
               had
               routed
               the
               Locrians
               .
               How
               the
               Oracle
               at
               Delphos
               was
               first
               discover'd
               ,
               and
               the
               beginning
               of
               the
               Tripode
               .
               The
               Athenians
               and
               others
               join
               with
               Philomelus
               .
               488
            
             
               Chap.
               7.
               
               The
               Battel
               at
               Phoedra
               between
               Philomelus
               and
               the
               Locrians
               .
               The
               Parties
               ingag'd
               in
               the
               Phocian
               War.
               The
               Battel
               between
               the
               Beotians
               and
               
                 Phocians
                 .
                 Philomelus
              
               kill'd
               Onomarchus
               made
               General
               .
               His
               Dream
               ,
               Successes
               and
               Death
               .
               490
            
             
               
                 Chap
                 8.
                 
                 Phayllus
              
               continues
               the
               Phocian
               War
               ,
               Aryca
               raz'd
               .
               Phayllus
               dyes
               of
               a
               Consumption
               .
               War
               between
               the
               Lacedemonians
               and
               
                 Megapolitans
                 .
                 Chaeronea
              
               taken
               by
               Phalecus
               .
               War
               between
               the
               
                 Persians
                 Aegyptians
              
               and
               
                 Phenicians
                 .
                 Salamis
              
               in
               Cyprus
               besieg'd
               .
               The
               cruelty
               of
               
                 Artaxerxes
                 Ochus
              
               towards
               the
               Sidonians
               .
               The
               Calamity
               of
               Sidon
               .
               494
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 9.
                 
                 Evagoras
              
               beheaded
               in
               
                 Cyprus
                 .
                 Artaxerxes
              
               marches
               against
               Aegypt
               ;
               and
               gains
               all
               Aegypt
               by
               the
               Policy
               of
               Mentor
               .
               Lost
               many
               of
               his
               Men
               at
               the
               Lake
               
                 Sorbonis
                 .
                 Mentor
              
               advanc'd
               .
               
               Mentor's
               Stratagem
               to
               subdue
               Hemias
               Prince
               of
               
                 Atarne
                 .
                 Zena
              
               rais'd
               by
               Philip.
               The
               King
               of
               Aegypt
               abdicates
               his
               Kingdom
               and
               flyes
               to
               Aethiopia
               .
               499
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 10.
                 
                 Philip
              
               takes
               Olynthus
               and
               other
               Cities
               in
               the
               Hellespont
               .
               The
               Athenians
               jealous
               of
               Philip
               and
               instigated
               by
               Demosthenes
               .
               Philip's
               Policies
               .
               The
               value
               of
               the
               Riches
               taken
               out
               of
               the
               Temple
               at
               
                 Delphos
                 .
                 Dionysius
              
               sent
               presents
               to
               Delphos
               ,
               and
               were
               taken
               by
               the
               Athenians
               .
               His
               Letter
               to
               the
               Athenians
               .
               The
               Temple
               burnt
               .
               The
               end
               of
               the
               Phocian
               War.
               The
               Punishments
               decreed
               by
               the
               Amph●tyons
               against
               the
               Phocians
               .
               The
               Miseries
               of
               the
               Sacrilegers
               .
               Timoleon
               sent
               to
               Syracuse
               .
               502
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 11.
                 
                 Timoleons
              
               Expedition
               into
               Sicily
               .
               The
               Carthaginians
               Army
               in
               
                 Sicily
                 .
                 Dionysius
              
               returns
               to
               Syracuse
               ,
               is
               beaten
               by
               
                 Hircelas
                 ;
                 Hircelas
              
               gains
               Syracuse
               .
               Timoleon's
               escape
               from
               
                 Rhegium
                 .
                 Timoleon
              
               routs
               Hircelas
               ,
               and
               gains
               
                 Syracuse
                 .
                 Philip
              
               invades
               the
               
                 Illyrians
                 .
                 Dionysius
              
               expell'd
               .
               Timoleon
               makes
               good
               Laws
               .
               Philip
               invades
               Thrace
               .
               508
            
             
               Chap.
               12.
               
               The
               Acts
               of
               Timoleon
               in
               Sicily
               .
               The
               Preparations
               of
               the
               Carthaginians
               against
               Timoleon
               .
               The
               remarkable
               Siege
               of
               Perinthus
               by
               
                 Philip.
                 Pexodorus
              
               expells
               his
               Brother
               Adam
               from
               the
               Principality
               in
               
                 Cana.
                 Byzantium
              
               suddenly
               besieg'd
               by
               Philip.
               510
            
             
               Chap.
               13.
               
               The
               Athenians
               aid
               
                 Byzantium
                 .
                 Philip
              
               raises
               his
               Siege
               .
               The
               Carthaginians
               transport
               Forces
               into
               Sicily
               .
               The
               remarkable
               Victory
               of
               Timoleon
               over
               the
               Carthaginians
               .
               The
               Acts
               of
               Timoleon
               in
               Sicily
               .
               The
               Works
               of
               Hiero
               in
               Sicily
               .
               512
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 14.
                 
                 Elata
              
               taken
               by
               Philip
               :
               great
               Consternation
               in
               Athens
               for
               fear
               of
               Philip.
               The
               Boetians
               join
               with
               the
               Athenians
               through
               the
               Solicitation
               of
               
                 Demosthenes
                 .
                 Python
              
               a
               famous
               Orator
               .
               The
               Battel
               at
               Cheronea
               between
               Philip
               and
               the
               
                 Athenians
                 ;
                 Lycides
              
               the
               Athenian
               General
               put
               to
               death
               .
               Philip
               rebuk'd
               by
               Demades
               ;
               made
               General
               of
               
                 Greece
                 .
                 Timoleon
              
               dyes
               .
               515
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 15.
                 
                 Philip
              
               consults
               the
               Oracle
               at
               
                 Delphos
                 .
                 Philip
              
               Marries
               his
               Daughter
               Cleopatra
               to
               the
               King
               of
               Epirus
               .
               Encourag'd
               to
               the
               Persian
               War
               by
               Neoptolemus
               his
               Verses
               .
               
               Philip's
               Pride
               .
               His
               Murder
               .
               The
               Cause
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               how
               it
               was
               done
               ,
               and
               by
               whom
               .
               517
            
          
           
             
             
               BOOK
               XVII
               .
            
             
               Chap
               1.
               
               COnspiracies
               of
               the
               Cities
               against
               Alexander
               .
               The
               Athenians
               send
               Ambassadors
               to
               Alexander
               to
               beg
               Pardon
               .
               He
               's
               made
               General
               by
               the
               
                 Amphictyons
                 .
                 Attalus
              
               kill'd
               by
               Alexander's
               Command
               .
               The
               Wickedness
               of
               
                 of
                 Bagoas
                 .
                 Darius
              
               commended
               .
               Raises
               Forces
               .
               A
               Description
               of
               Mount
               
                 Ida.
                 Alexander
              
               invades
               the
               Illyrians
               and
               others
               .
               Thebes
               besieg'd
               by
               Alexander
               and
               raz'd
               .
               The
               Miseries
               of
               
                 Thebes
                 .
                 Prodigies
                 .
                 Alexander
              
               demands
               Demosthenes
               and
               others
               to
               be
               deliver'd
               up
               to
               him
               by
               the
               Athenians
               :
               their
               Answer
               .
               He
               returns
               into
               Macedonia
               :
               and
               Feasts
               his
               Soldiers
               .
               521
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 2.
                 
                 Alexander
              
               lands
               his
               Army
               in
               Asia
               .
               The
               Battel
               at
               Granicum
               .
               The
               Forces
               of
               the
               Persians
               and
               of
               
                 Alexander
                 .
                 Alexander
              
               kills
               Spithrodates
               ;
               near
               being
               kill'd
               by
               
                 Rosaces
                 .
                 Miletus
              
               besieg'd
               and
               taken
               .
               Ada
               Queen
               of
               Caria
               meets
               
                 Alexander
                 .
                 Halicarnassus
              
               Besieg'd
               ,
               Taken
               ,
               and
               Sack'd
               .
               The
               strange
               Act
               of
               the
               Macedonians
               .
               528
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 3.
                 
                 Mytelene
              
               taken
               by
               
                 Memnon
                 Darius
              
               his
               General
               ;
               his
               Successes
               He
               dyes
               .
               Charidemus
               the
               Athenian
               unjustly
               put
               to
               Death
               by
               
                 Darius
                 .
                 Alexander
              
               falls
               sick
               ,
               recover'd
               by
               
                 Philippus
                 .
                 Alexander
              
               seizes
               Alexander
               of
               Lyncestas
               upon
               his
               Mother's
               Letters
               .
               Alexander
               takes
               Issus
               .
               The
               Memorable
               Battel
               at
               Issus
               ,
               where
               the
               Mother
               ,
               Wife
               ,
               two
               Daughters
               and
               Son
               of
               Darius
               were
               taken
               .
               Alexander's
               noble
               carriage
               towards
               them
               .
               Darius
               his
               Letters
               and
               Offers
               to
               
                 Alexander
                 .
                 Darius
              
               prepares
               another
               Army
               .
               533
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 4.
                 
                 Alexander
              
               marches
               towards
               Aegypt
               ;
               Besieges
               Tyre
               .
               Prodigies
               at
               Tyre
               .
               The
               Tyrians
               bind
               Apollo
               with
               golden
               chains
               .
               The
               Inventions
               of
               the
               Tyrians
               to
               defend
               themselves
               .
               The
               advancement
               of
               Ballomynus
               a
               poor
               Man
               to
               be
               King
               of
               Tyre
               .
               The
               Acts
               of
               Agis
               and
               
                 Amyntas
                 ;
                 Amyntas
              
               kill'd
               ,
               and
               all
               his
               Soldiers
               .
               Alexander
               takes
               Gaza
               by
               Storm
               ;
               presented
               by
               the
               Grecians
               .
               538
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 5
                 Alexander
              
               makes
               a
               Journey
               to
               the
               Temple
               of
               
                 Jupiter
                 Hammon
              
               .
               He
               's
               presented
               by
               the
               Cyreneans
               .
               The
               Description
               of
               the
               place
               about
               the
               Temple
               .
               The
               wonderful
               Properties
               of
               the
               Fountain
               Solis
               .
               The
               Building
               of
               Alexandria
               .
               Alexander's
               Answer
               to
               Darius
               his
               Ambassadors
               .
               Alexander
               passes
               over
               the
               River
               Tygris
               with
               great
               Hazard
               .
               The
               Preparations
               on
               both
               sides
               for
               Battel
               .
               The
               Persians
               routed
               at
               that
               famous
               Battel
               at
               Arbela
               .
               542
            
             
               Chap.
               6.
               
               The
               Grecians
               conspire
               to
               Revolt
               .
               Memnon
               rebels
               in
               
                 Thrace
                 .
                 Antipater
              
               marches
               against
               him
               .
               The
               Lacedemonians
               raise
               an
               Army
               ;
               are
               routed
               by
               Antipater
               ,
               and
               Agis
               their
               King
               kill'd
               .
               547
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 7.
                 
                 Alexander
              
               comes
               to
               Babylon
               .
               The
               wealth
               found
               there
               .
               Views
               his
               Troops
               at
               Sitacana
               .
               Enters
               Susa
               .
               The
               Riches
               there
               .
               Thence
               goes
               in
               the
               Country
               of
               the
               Uxians
               .
               Marches
               towards
               Persepolis
               .
               A
               Company
               of
               maim'd
               Greeks
               met
               Alexander
               ;
               His
               Bounty
               to
               them
               .
               He
               takes
               Persepolis
               ;
               gives
               it
               up
               to
               the
               Plunder
               of
               the
               Soldiers
               .
               The
               Riches
               of
               the
               Citadel
               of
               
                 Persepolis
                 .
                 Alexander
              
               his
               Feast
               at
               
                 Persepolis
                 .
                 Persepolis
              
               burnt
               at
               the
               Instigation
               of
               
                 Thais
                 .
                 Darius
              
               murder'd
               .
               548
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 8.
                 
                 Bessus
              
               stirs
               up
               the
               
                 Bactrians
                 .
                 Alexander
              
               discharges
               the
               Greek
               Auxiliaries
               with
               Rewards
               .
               The
               River
               Stidoetes
               .
               He
               enters
               Hircania
               ;
               Its
               Richness
               :
               Enters
               the
               Mardis
               Country
               :
               Loses
               his
               brave
               Horse
               but
               is
               restor'd
               .
               Thalestris
               the
               Amazon
               Queen
               meets
               him
               .
               He
               falls
               into
               the
               Effeminacy
               of
               the
               Persians
               .
               Enters
               Drangina
               .
               A
               Plot
               against
               
                 Alexander
                 .
                 Philotas
              
               and
               others
               put
               to
               Death
               .
               Marches
               against
               the
               Arimispi
               .
               Subdues
               Arachosia
               .
               552
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 9.
                 
                 Alexander
              
               marches
               against
               the
               Paromisades
               .
               His
               troublesom
               March.
               Comes
               to
               Mount
               Caucasus
               .
               A
               Battel
               in
               Area
               by
               
               Alexander's
               Officers
               against
               Satibarzanes
               ,
               who
               is
               kill'd
               in
               a
               single
               Combat
               by
               
                 Erigyus
                 .
                 Bessus
              
               brought
               to
               Alexander
               ;
               his
               Punishment
               .
               Alexander
               kills
               some
               Barbarians
               unexpectedly
               after
               they
               had
               surrender'd
               
               their
               City
               .
               He
               marches
               to
               the
               River
               
                 Indus
                 .
                 Mophis
              
               his
               remarkable
               delivery
               up
               of
               himself
               and
               his
               Army
               .
               556
            
             
               
                 Chap
                 10.
                 
                 Alexander
              
               overcomes
               Porus.
               How
               Apes
               are
               taken
               .
               Strange
               Serpents
               for
               Venom
               .
               Large
               Trees
               Marches
               against
               the
               
                 Andrastians
                 ,
                 Catheri
              
               ,
               and
               against
               Sopithes
               .
               The
               Custom
               of
               them
               under
               
                 Sopithes
                 .
                 Indian
              
               Dogs
               .
               Entertain'd
               by
               Phigeus
               .
               The
               Macedonians
               refuse
               to
               march
               against
               the
               
                 Gandarides
                 .
                 Alexander
              
               leaves
               Monuments
               behind
               him
               at
               the
               River
               
                 Hyphasis
                 .
                 Nicaea
              
               built
               ,
               and
               Bucephalis
               .
               The
               Ibori
               present
               Alexander
               .
               Routs
               the
               Agalasians
               .
               In
               Danger
               in
               the
               River
               Indus
               by
               Whirlpools
               .
               Marches
               against
               the
               Oxidracans
               and
               Mallians
               .
               The
               King
               leaps
               off
               the
               Wall
               into
               the
               Town
               .
               A
               Duel
               between
               Coragus
               and
               Dioxippus
               .
               The
               Sambestae
               submit
               to
               Alexander
               ;
               and
               the
               Sodrans
               and
               Mastanians
               .
               Subdues
               
                 Musicanus
                 ,
                 Porticanus
              
               ,
               and
               Sambus
               .
               Poison'd
               Weapons
               .
               The
               King's
               Dream
               .
               Comes
               into
               the
               Main
               Ocean
               .
               Comes
               into
               Gedrosia
               .
               The
               Savages
               of
               the
               People
               .
               His
               Army
               near
               perishing
               in
               Gedrosia
               .
               Comes
               into
               Carmania
               .
               Punishes
               the
               Bormcial
               Goremours
               .
               Nearchus
               returns
               .
               Islands
               cover'd
               at
               High-Tides
               .
               The
               strange
               Death
               of
               
                 Calanus
                 .
                 Alexander
              
               marrieth
               
                 Statira
                 .
                 Harpalus
              
               his
               Luxury
               .
               He
               seizes
               with
               his
               own
               Hand
               them
               that
               mutiny'd
               .
               561
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 11.
                 
                 Alexander
              
               mixes
               Twenty
               thousand
               Persian
               Darters
               with
               his
               Army-Marches
               from
               
                 Susa
                 .
                 Bagistames
              
               breeds
               abundance
               of
               Horses
               .
               Hephestion
               dies
               at
               Ecbatana
               .
               The
               Lamian
               War.
               He
               invades
               the
               Cosscans
               .
               Marches
               towards
               Babylon
               .
               The
               Caldean
               Astrologers
               disswade
               him
               from
               coming
               thither
               .
               He
               enters
               Babylon
               .
               569
            
             
               Chap.
               12.
               
               Ambassadors
               come
               to
               Alexander
               from
               all
               Parts
               .
               He
               buries
               Hephestion
               with
               great
               State.
               The
               Prodigies
               before
               
               Alexander's
               Death
               .
               His
               Death
               .
               Darius
               his
               Mother
               starves
               her self
               .
               570
            
          
           
             
               BOOK
               XVIII
               .
            
             
               Chap.
               1.
               
               QUarrels
               about
               a
               Successor
               to
               
                 Alexander
                 .
                 Aridaus
              
               made
               King.
               The
               Provinces
               divided
               amongst
               the
               Chief
               Commanders
               .
               Matters
               contain'd
               in
               
               Alexander's
               Note-Books
               .
               Meleager
               executed
               by
               Perdiccas
               .
               The
               Grecians
               revolt
               .
               A
               Description
               of
               
                 Asia
                 .
                 Pithon
              
               sent
               against
               the
               Revolting
               Grecians
               ,
               who
               were
               all
               cut
               off
               .
               The
               Lamian
               War
               :
               The
               Cause
               of
               it
               .
               
               Alexander's
               Epistle
               to
               the
               Exiles
               .
               Leosthenes
               the
               Athenian
               General
               .
               Lamia
               besieg'd
               .
               Leosthenes
               kill'd
               .
               Antiphilus
               plac'd
               in
               his
               room
               .
               574
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 2.
                 
                 Ptolemy
              
               gains
               Egypt
               :
               Leagues
               with
               
                 Antipater
                 .
                 Lysimachus
              
               enters
               
                 Thrace
                 .
                 Leonatus
              
               comes
               to
               Relieve
               Antipater
               ,
               and
               is
               routed
               .
               The
               Grecians
               beaten
               at
               Sea.
               Perdiccas
               conquers
               Ariarathes
               Prince
               of
               Cappadocia
               ,
               Crucifies
               him
               ,
               delivers
               the
               Province
               to
               Eumenes
               .
               The
               Grecians
               quite
               routed
               by
               Craterus
               and
               Antipater
               .
               The
               Athenians
               at
               length
               submit
               after
               all
               the
               rest
               but
               the
               Aetolians
               .
               The
               End
               of
               the
               Lamian
               War.
               The
               War
               in
               Cyrene
               by
               
                 Thimbro
                 .
                 Ophellas
              
               routs
               
                 Thimbro
                 .
                 Cyrene
              
               gain'd
               by
               
                 Ptolemy
                 .
                 Larinda
              
               sack'd
               .
               The
               Destruction
               of
               the
               Isaurians
               by
               themselves
               .
               Perdiccas
               affects
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Macedon
               .
               Is
               oppos'd
               by
               Antigonus
               .
               The
               Etolians
               block'd
               up
               by
               Craterus
               and
               
                 Antipater
                 .
                 Antigonus
              
               discover
               Perdiccas
               his
               Design
               .
               Peace
               made
               with
               the
               
                 Etolians
                 .
                 Perdiccas
              
               marches
               against
               Ptolemy
               into
               Egypt
               .
               580
            
             
               Chap.
               3.
               
               The
               Description
               of
               
               Alexander's
               Funeral
               Charriot
               .
               Ptolemy
               honour'd
               in
               
                 Egypt
                 .
                 Perdiccas
              
               prepares
               for
               Egypt
               against
               
                 Ptolemy
                 .
                 Eumenes
              
               beats
               Neoptolimus
               ,
               who
               deserted
               .
               The
               Battel
               between
               Eumenes
               and
               Craterus
               ,
               who
               was
               kill'd
               with
               Neoptolemus
               .
               Combat
               between
               Neoptolemus
               and
               
                 Eumenes
                 .
                 Perdiccas
              
               comes
               into
               Egypt
               :
               Assaults
               the
               Fort
               call'd
               the
               
                 Camel's
                 Wall
              
               :
               His
               miserable
               Loss
               in
               the
               River
               Nile
               :
               Is
               kill'd
               .
               Ptolemy
               makes
               Arrideus
               and
               Pytho
               Protectors
               of
               
               the
               Kings
               .
               Eumenes
               condemn'd
               to
               die
               .
               The
               Etolians
               invade
               
                 Thessaly
                 .
                 Polysperchon
              
               routs
               the
               Etolians
               .
               The
               Provinces
               again
               divided
               by
               
                 Arrideus
                 .
                 Antigonus
              
               besieges
               
                 Nora
                 .
                 Eumenes
              
               his
               Invention
               to
               Exercise
               the
               Horse
               .
               Ptolemy
               gains
               Syria
               and
               Phoenicia
               and
               Nicanor
               .
               586
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 4.
                 
                 Antigonus
              
               routs
               Alcitas
               in
               Pisidia
               ,
               and
               takes
               
                 Attalus
                 .
                 Alcitas
              
               receiv'd
               into
               Termessus
               ,
               and
               there
               protected
               .
               He
               's
               murder'd
               there
               Treacherously
               ;
               his
               Body
               inhumanly
               us'd
               by
               
                 Antigonus
                 .
                 Antipater's
              
               Death
               .
               Antipater
               puts
               Demeas
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               Athenian
               Ambassadors
               ,
               to
               Death
               .
               Polysperchon
               made
               Chief
               in
               
                 Macedonia
                 .
                 Cassander
              
               conspires
               to
               out
               him
               .
               Antigonus
               his
               Plots
               to
               be
               Sovereign
               of
               all
               .
               Arrideus
               secures
               himself
               in
               Phrygia
               :
               Besieges
               
                 Cyzicum
                 .
                 Antigonus
              
               goes
               to
               raise
               it
               .
               Eumenes
               got
               out
               of
               Nora
               by
               Antigonus
               his
               Order
               .
               Antigonus
               his
               further
               Act.
               The
               various
               Fortunes
               of
               Eumenes
               .
               A
               Council
               in
               Macedonia
               call'd
               by
               Polysperchon
               against
               Cassander
               .
               The
               Decree
               of
               the
               Council
               .
               Polysperchon
               invites
               Olympias
               out
               of
               Epirus
               into
               Macedonia
               :
               Writes
               to
               Eumenes
               to
               join
               with
               the
               Kings
               .
               593
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 5.
                 
                 Polysperchon
              
               courts
               Eumenes
               to
               assist
               the
               Kings
               .
               Eumenes
               his
               Prudence
               amongst
               the
               Macedonian
               Captains
               .
               Ptolemy
               sends
               to
               the
               Captains
               and
               others
               not
               to
               assist
               
                 Eumenes
                 .
                 Antigonus
              
               contrives
               to
               kill
               Eumenes
               ;
               who
               marches
               into
               
                 Phoenicia
                 .
                 Nicanor
              
               deceives
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               and
               still
               keeps
               Munychia
               ,
               and
               subtilly
               gets
               the
               Pyreum
               :
               Order'd
               by
               Olympias
               to
               deliver
               the
               Pyreum
               and
               Munychia
               to
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               but
               he
               shifts
               it
               off
               .
               Alexander
               ,
               Son
               of
               Polysperchon
               ,
               enters
               Attica
               ;
               secretly
               Corresponds
               with
               Nicanor
               ,
               and
               displeases
               the
               
                 Athenians
                 .
                 Phocion's
              
               hard
               Usage
               at
               his
               Trial
               in
               Athens
               ,
               is
               Condemn'd
               ,
               and
               Executed
               .
               Cassander
               arrives
               at
               the
               
                 Pyreum
                 .
                 Polysperchon
              
               comes
               against
               him
               ,
               but
               returns
               .
               Besieges
               Megalopolis
               ,
               but
               is
               there
               much
               Damnifi'd
               ;
               his
               Elephants
               spoil'd
               by
               a
               Stratagem
               .
               A
               Sea-Fight
               between
               Clitus
               and
               
                 Nicanor
                 .
                 Nicanor
              
               beaten
               .
               Clitus
               afterwards
               routed
               by
               Nicanor
               ,
               and
               is
               kill'd
               in
               his
               flight
               to
               
                 Macedonia
                 .
                 Antigonus
              
               goes
               after
               
                 Eumenes
                 .
                 Eumenes
              
               near
               losing
               his
               Army
               by
               the
               Breach
               of
               a
               Dyke
               in
               Babylonia
               .
               The
               Greek
               Cities
               revolt
               to
               Cassander
               .
               The
               Athenians
               make
               Peace
               with
               him
               .
               He
               kills
               Nicanor
               .
               599
            
          
           
             
               BOOK
               XIX
               .
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 1.
                 
                 A
                 Gathocles
              
               his
               Parentage
               and
               Education
               .
               His
               Rise
               .
               His
               Stratagems
               .
               His
               bloody
               Massacre
               at
               Syracuse
               .
               He
               gains
               the
               Sovereign
               Power
               .
               The
               Affairs
               of
               
                 Italy
                 .
                 Olympias
              
               returns
               into
               Macedonia
               by
               
               Polysperchon's
               Means
               .
               The
               Armies
               revolt
               to
               her
               .
               Her
               Cruelties
               .
               She
               murders
               Eurydice
               and
               Arideus
               her
               Husband
               .
               Affairs
               in
               
                 Asia
                 .
                 Eumenes
              
               and
               
                 Seleucus
                 .
                 Eumenes
              
               is
               join'd
               by
               many
               of
               the
               Captains
               .
               The
               number
               of
               their
               Forces
               .
               He
               comes
               to
               
                 Susa
                 .
                 Attalus
              
               and
               others
               ,
               Imprison'd
               by
               Antigonus
               in
               a
               strong
               Castle
               ,
               seeks
               to
               escape
               .
               Are
               afterwards
               besieg'd
               ,
               and
               taken
               .
               608
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 2.
                 
                 Antigonus
              
               marches
               after
               Eumenes
               to
               
                 Tigris
                 .
                 Eumenes
              
               cuts
               off
               many
               of
               his
               Men
               at
               
                 Pasitigris
                 .
                 Antigonus
              
               goes
               into
               
                 Media
                 .
                 Eumenes
              
               comes
               to
               Persepolis
               .
               The
               Description
               of
               
                 Persia
                 .
                 Pencestes
              
               his
               great
               Feast
               .
               Eumenes
               his
               Policy
               .
               His
               Tale
               of
               the
               Lion.
               Battel
               in
               Sareteceni
               between
               Antigonus
               and
               
                 Eumenes
                 .
                 Antigonus
              
               returns
               into
               Media
               .
               The
               Story
               of
               Cereus
               his
               two
               Wives
               striving
               which
               should
               be
               burnt
               .
               Eumenes
               marches
               to
               
                 Gabiene
                 ;
                 Cassander
              
               to
               
                 Macedonia
                 .
                 Olympias
              
               goes
               to
               Pydna
               ,
               is
               there
               besieg'd
               .
               The
               Epirots
               forsake
               their
               King
               ,
               and
               join
               with
               Cassander
               .
               Antigonus's
               design
               to
               surprize
               Eumenes
               ,
               who
               stops
               his
               March
               by
               a
               Stratagem
               .
               The
               last
               Battel
               between
               them
               in
               
                 Gabiene
                 .
                 Eumenes
              
               basely
               deliver'd
               up
               .
               
               Antigonus's
               return
               to
               Media
               .
               The
               dreadful
               Earthquakes
               in
               the
               Country
               of
               Rhages
               .
               615
            
             
               
               Chap
               3.
               
               The
               Inundations
               at
               
                 Rhodes
                 :
                 Antigonus
              
               kills
               Pitho
               ,
               getting
               him
               into
               his
               Power
               by
               Dissimulation
               ;
               then
               marches
               into
               Persia
               .
               Revolters
               from
               Antigonus
               cut
               off
               in
               Media
               .
               He
               divides
               the
               Asian
               Provences
               ;
               and
               continues
               to
               destroy
               all
               the
               Argyraspides
               .
               Gets
               great
               Treasure
               in
               
                 Susa
                 .
                 Cassander
              
               besieges
               Olympias
               in
               Pydna
               :
               The
               great
               Distress
               to
               which
               it
               was
               reduc'd
               .
               Amphipolis
               surrender'd
               to
               Cassander
               :
               He
               kills
               Olympias
               :
               Marries
               Thessalonices
               :
               Builds
               Cassandra
               :
               Imprisons
               Rhoxana
               and
               her
               Son
               Alexander
               .
               His
               Expedition
               into
               Peloponnesus
               against
               Alexander
               the
               Son
               of
               Polysperchon
               .
               The
               History
               of
               
                 Thebes
                 .
                 Cassander
              
               rebuilds
               Thebes
               .
               627
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 4.
                 
                 Antigonus
              
               his
               Army
               feasted
               by
               Seleucus
               in
               Babylon
               .
               Falls
               out
               with
               Seleucus
               ,
               who
               flies
               to
               Ptolemy
               ,
               and
               is
               kindly
               receiv'd
               .
               
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 Seleucus
                 ,
                 Cassander
              
               ,
               and
               Lysimachus
               ,
               join
               against
               Antigonus
               .
               They
               send
               Ambassadors
               to
               him
               ,
               who
               Winters
               in
               Cilicia
               .
               He
               goes
               into
               Phoenicia
               ,
               and
               there
               builds
               Ships
               :
               Besieges
               Tyre
               .
               The
               Praise
               of
               Phyla
               ,
               Wife
               of
               
                 Demetrius
                 .
                 Aristodemus
              
               raises
               Forces
               for
               Antigonus
               in
               Peloponnesus
               .
               The
               Acts
               of
               Ptolemy
               ,
               one
               of
               Antigonus
               his
               Captains
               .
               Antigonus
               his
               Policy
               Tyre
               deliver'd
               .
               The
               Agreement
               of
               
               Ptolemy's
               Captains
               ,
               and
               the
               rest
               at
               Cyprus
               .
               The
               Acts
               of
               Seleucus
               .
               A
               Fleet
               comes
               to
               Antigonus
               from
               the
               Hellespont
               and
               Rhodes
               .
               Things
               done
               in
               Peloponnesus
               .
               Cassander's
               Acts
               there
               ,
               and
               in
               Greece
               .
               The
               great
               Victory
               by
               Sea
               and
               Land
               ,
               obtain'd
               by
               
                 Polyclitus
                 ,
                 Seleucus
              
               his
               Lieutenant
               :
               He
               's
               Rewarded
               by
               Ptolemy
               .
               The
               Acts
               of
               Agathocles
               in
               Sicily
               .
               The
               Romans
               War
               with
               the
               Samnites
               .
               632
            
             
               Chap.
               5.
               
               The
               Acts
               of
               
                 Aristodemus
                 .
                 Antigonus
              
               his
               General
               in
               Peloponnesus
               :
               The
               D●means
               in
               Achaia
               seek
               to
               free
               themselves
               from
               
               Cassander's
               Garrison
               :
               They
               take
               the
               Cittadel
               .
               Alexander
               ,
               Son
               of
               Polysperchon
               ,
               Assassinated
               .
               The
               Praise
               of
               Cratesipolis
               his
               Wife
               .
               The
               Acts
               of
               Cassander
               in
               Etolia
               ,
               and
               other
               Parts
               of
               Greece
               .
               The
               Cruelty
               of
               the
               
                 Etolians
                 .
                 Cassander
              
               sends
               an
               Army
               into
               Caria
               ;
               and
               Aristotle
               with
               a
               Fleet
               to
               Lemnos
               .
               The
               Acts
               of
               
               Cassander's
               Army
               in
               
                 Caria
                 .
                 Antigonus
              
               leaves
               his
               Son
               Demetrius
               in
               Caria
               to
               watch
               Ptolemy
               .
               His
               troublesome
               March
               into
               Asia
               .
               The
               Affairs
               of
               
                 Sicily
                 .
                 Acrotatus
              
               his
               Misgovernment
               and
               Cruelties
               in
               Sicily
               .
               The
               Acts
               of
               Agathocles
               .
               The
               Affairs
               of
               Italy
               .
               637
            
             
               Chap.
               6.
               
               Several
               Cities
               revolt
               .
               Lysimachus
               comes
               against
               them
               .
               Philip
               ,
               Cassander's
               General
               ,
               routs
               the
               Epirots
               and
               
                 Etolians
                 .
                 Cassander
              
               agrees
               with
               
                 Antigonus
                 .
                 Antigonus
              
               gains
               the
               Cities
               in
               Caria
               .
               Cassander's
               Acts
               in
               
                 Greece
                 .
                 Samnites
              
               routed
               by
               the
               
                 Romans
                 .
                 Polemon
              
               sent
               by
               Antigonus
               into
               Greece
               to
               set
               the
               Cities
               at
               liberty
               .
               The
               Acts
               of
               Antigonus
               and
               Cassander
               .
               Polemon's
               Acts
               in
               Greece
               for
               
                 Antigonus
                 .
                 Ptolemy
              
               goes
               against
               Cyrene
               ,
               and
               Cyprus
               ;
               then
               against
               Demetrius
               .
               The
               Battel
               with
               Demetrius
               at
               
                 Gaza
                 .
                 Ptolemy
              
               takes
               Tyre
               .
               The
               Acts
               of
               Antigonus
               his
               Commanders
               in
               Greece
               .
               The
               Epirots
               make
               Alcetas
               King
               ,
               who
               is
               beaten
               by
               Lysiscus
               ,
               Cassander's
               General
               ,
               and
               he
               's
               beaten
               again
               by
               the
               other
               .
               Cassander
               goes
               against
               the
               
                 Apolloniats
                 .
                 Seleucus
              
               recovers
               Babylon
               with
               a
               small
               Army
               .
               Demetrius
               routs
               Cilles
               ,
               Ptolemy's
               General
               .
               Ptolemy
               returns
               to
               Egypt
               ,
               first
               wasts
               
                 Samaria
                 ,
                 Gaza
                 ,
                 Joppa
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 Athaneus
              
               sent
               against
               the
               Nabatheans
               by
               Antigonus
               .
               The
               Customs
               of
               the
               
                 Arabians
                 .
                 Athaneus
              
               kill'd
               ,
               and
               most
               of
               his
               Men.
               Demetrius
               sent
               against
               them
               .
               Description
               of
               the
               Asphaltes
               ,
               or
               Lake
               of
               
                 Sodom
                 .
                 Demetrius
              
               sent
               against
               Seleucus
               in
               Babylon
               .
               The
               Wars
               between
               the
               Romans
               and
               Samnites
               in
               Italy
               .
               The
               Acts
               of
               Agathocles
               in
               Sicily
               .
               641
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 7.
                 
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
              
               and
               Lysimachus
               ,
               make
               Peace
               with
               
                 Antigonus
                 .
                 Cassander
              
               murders
               Rhoxana
               and
               her
               Son.
               The
               Governors
               take
               the
               Stile
               of
               Kings
               upon
               them
               .
               The
               Carthaginians
               raise
               Forces
               against
               Agathocles
               .
               Four
               thousand
               Geloans
               murder'd
               by
               Agathocles
               .
               The
               Battel
               between
               Agathocles
               and
               Amilcar
               the
               Carthaginian
               at
               
                 Himera
                 .
                 Agathocles
              
               routed
               .
               Several
               Cities
               revolt
               from
               Agathocles
               .
               654
            
          
           
             
             
               BOOK
               XX.
               
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 1.
                 
                 AGathocles
              
               designs
               to
               invade
               Africa
               :
               His
               Cruelty
               :
               Pursu'd
               in
               his
               Voyage
               .
               An
               Eclipse
               of
               the
               Sun
               very
               great
               .
               Lands
               in
               Africa
               :
               Burns
               his
               Ships
               :
               His
               Successes
               in
               
                 Africa
                 .
                 Hanno
              
               and
               Bomilcar
               made
               Generals
               in
               Africa
               .
               Battel
               between
               them
               and
               Agathocles
               ,
               who
               routs
               them
               .
               Kills
               Hanno
               .
               His
               Stratagem
               by
               Owls
               .
               The
               cruel
               Superstition
               of
               the
               Carthaginians
               in
               sacrificing
               their
               Children
               .
               The
               Actions
               at
               Syracuse
               .
               Actions
               of
               Agathocles
               in
               Africa
               .
               The
               Acts
               of
               Cassander
               in
               
                 Macedonia
                 .
                 Polysperchon
              
               seeks
               to
               restore
               Hercules
               ,
               Alexander's
               Son.
               The
               miserable
               Destruction
               of
               Nichocles
               and
               his
               Family
               in
               Cyprus
               .
               The
               Wars
               of
               Parysidas
               his
               Sons
               ,
               King
               of
               the
               
                 Cimerean
                 Bosphorus
              
               .
               The
               Valour
               of
               Satyrus
               ,
               one
               of
               his
               Sons
               .
               His
               Death
               .
               The
               sad
               Death
               of
               Eumelus
               ,
               another
               Son.
               Page
               658
            
             
               Chap.
               2.
               
               The
               Acts
               of
               Ptolemy
               in
               Cilicia
               and
               elsewhere
               .
               Polysperchon
               murders
               Hercules
               ,
               Alexander's
               Son
               ,
               by
               Instigation
               of
               
                 Cassander
                 .
                 Amilcar
              
               taken
               ,
               and
               put
               to
               Death
               by
               the
               Syracusians
               :
               His
               Head
               sent
               to
               Agathocles
               in
               Africa
               .
               The
               things
               done
               in
               
                 Sicily
                 .
                 Archagathus
                 ,
                 Agathocles
              
               Son
               ,
               kills
               Lysiscus
               ;
               He
               and
               his
               Son
               in
               great
               Danger
               by
               the
               Army
               .
               Affairs
               of
               Italy
               .
               The
               Works
               of
               
                 Appius
                 Claudius
              
               :
               The
               Appian
               way
               .
               Ptolemy
               comes
               to
               Corinth
               :
               His
               Acts
               there
               .
               Cleopatra
               ,
               Alexander's
               Sister
               ,
               kill'd
               by
               the
               Governor
               of
               Sardis
               .
               The
               further
               Acts
               of
               Agathocles
               in
               
                 Africa
                 .
                 Ophellas
              
               decoy'd
               ,
               and
               cut
               off
               by
               
                 Agathocles
                 .
                 Ophellas
              
               his
               troublesome
               March
               to
               Agathocles
               .
               Lamia's
               Cruelty
               ,
               and
               Story
               of
               her
               .
               Bomilcar
               seeks
               to
               be
               Prince
               of
               Carthage
               ,
               but
               is
               put
               to
               Death
               by
               the
               Citizens
               .
               Agathocles
               sends
               the
               Spoils
               of
               the
               Cyrenians
               to
               Syracuse
               :
               Most
               lost
               in
               a
               Storm
               .
               Affairs
               in
               Italy
               .
               668
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 3.
                 
                 Demetrius
              
               frees
               all
               the
               Grecian
               Cities
               ;
               takes
               the
               Pireum
               at
               
                 Athens
                 .
                 Demetrius
                 Phalerius
              
               flies
               to
               Ptolemy
               .
               Honours
               given
               to
               Demetrius
               in
               Athens
               .
               He
               sails
               to
               Cyprus
               :
               His
               Acts
               there
               :
               Besieges
               Salamis
               .
               His
               great
               Engines
               .
               Ptolemy
               sails
               to
               Cyprus
               .
               Sea-Fight
               between
               Ptolemy
               and
               Demetrius
               ,
               wherein
               Ptolemy
               is
               routed
               .
               Antigonus
               takes
               the
               Title
               of
               King
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               several
               other
               Captains
               .
               Agathocles
               his
               Acts
               at
               Utica
               in
               Africk
               :
               Ty'd
               Prisoners
               to
               a
               great
               Engine
               .
               The
               sorts
               of
               People
               in
               
                 Africa
                 .
                 Xenodocus
              
               routed
               in
               Sicily
               by
               Agathocles
               his
               Captains
               .
               Agathocles
               his
               Acts
               in
               Sicily
               .
               What
               was
               done
               by
               Archagathus
               in
               
                 Africa
                 .
                 Mascala
              
               inhabited
               by
               some
               Greeks
               that
               came
               from
               
                 Troy.
                 Apes
              
               ,
               their
               Custom
               among
               the
               Pithecusae
               .
               The
               Carthaginians
               draw
               out
               Thirty
               thousand
               Men
               out
               of
               Carthage
               .
               Misfortunes
               to
               Agathocles
               his
               Captains
               in
               Africa
               .
               The
               Army
               block'd
               up
               ,
               and
               almost
               starv'd
               .
               Agathocles
               beats
               the
               Carthaginians
               at
               Sea
               near
               Syracuse
               .
               His
               Captain
               Leptines
               Harrasses
               the
               
                 Agrigentines
                 .
                 Agathocles
              
               Feasts
               the
               Syracusians
               .
               His
               jocund
               Temper
               .
               His
               Cruelty
               .
               Routed
               in
               
                 Africa
                 .
                 Carthaginian
              
               Camp
               burnt
               .
               The
               Misfortune
               afterwards
               to
               both
               Armies
               by
               one
               Cause
               .
               Agathocles
               in
               Chains
               by
               his
               own
               Men.
               Steals
               out
               of
               Africa
               .
               The
               Soldiers
               kill
               his
               two
               Sons
               .
               They
               make
               Peace
               with
               the
               
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 Agathocles
              
               his
               exceeding
               Cruelty
               at
               Aegista
               ,
               and
               afterwards
               at
               Syracuse
               .
               676
            
             
               
                 Chap.
                 4.
                 
                 Antigonus
              
               his
               March
               into
               Aegypt
               .
               A
               Tempest
               near
               Raphia
               ,
               where
               he
               lost
               some
               of
               his
               Ships
               .
               He
               returns
               into
               
                 Syria
                 .
                 Dinocrates
              
               prevails
               in
               
                 Sicily
                 .
                 Agathocles
              
               is
               willing
               to
               resign
               his
               Government
               ;
               but
               Dinocrates
               stands
               off
               .
               What
               was
               done
               in
               
                 Italy
                 .
                 Antigonus
              
               his
               War
               with
               the
               
                 Rhodians
                 .
                 Rhodes
              
               besieg'd
               by
               
                 Demetrius
                 .
                 Agathocles
              
               routs
               Dinocrates
               his
               great
               Army
               with
               a
               few
               Men.
               His
               Cruelty
               to
               those
               that
               submitted
               upon
               Terms
               ,
               where
               he
               But
               chers
               Seven
               thousand
               .
               Dinocrates
               in
               favour
               with
               Agathocles
               ,
               and
               betrays
               all
               the
               Confederates
               .
               What
               was
               done
               in
               Italy
               .
               688
            
             
               
               Chap.
               5.
               
               The
               Siege
               of
               Rhodes
               continu'd
               :
               The
               Acts
               of
               the
               Sea-Captains
               of
               the
               Rhodians
               .
               Peace
               made
               with
               the
               Rhodians
               .
               The
               Acts
               of
               Agathocles
               in
               the
               Lipari
               Islands
               .
               The
               Acts
               of
               Demetrius
               in
               Greece
               .
               The
               War
               between
               the
               Tarentines
               and
               Lucanians
               .
               The
               Acts
               of
               Cleonymus
               the
               
                 Spartan
                 :
                 Cassander
              
               sends
               to
               Antigonus
               to
               make
               Peace
               ,
               who
               refuses
               .
               Lysimachus
               joins
               with
               Cassander
               ,
               and
               so
               does
               Ptolemy
               and
               Seleucus
               ,
               against
               Antigonus
               :
               He
               marches
               against
               Lysimachus
               .
               Demetrius's
               further
               Acts
               in
               Greece
               .
               The
               Armies
               of
               Cassander
               and
               
                 Demetrius
                 .
                 Demetrius
              
               leaves
               Greece
               ,
               and
               goes
               with
               his
               Army
               to
               his
               Father
               in
               Asia
               ,
               after
               Peace
               made
               with
               Cassander
               .
               The
               Misfortunes
               of
               Pleistarchus
               at
               Sea.
               Ptolemy
               besieges
               Sidon
               ,
               but
               returns
               to
               Aegypt
               upon
               a
               false
               Report
               .
               Seleucus
               marches
               from
               Babylon
               with
               a
               great
               Army
               .
               Page
               695
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           PREFACE
           .
        
         
           
             ALL
             Mankind
             are
             under
             a
             great
             Obligation
             of
             Gratitude
             to
             those
             that
             have
             written
             Universal
             Histories
             ;
             forasmuch
             as
             there
             has
             been
             an
             honourable
             Contest
             amongst
             them
             by
             their
             Labours
             and
             Pains
             ,
             to
             be
             helpful
             to
             others
             in
             the
             due
             Conduct
             and
             Management
             of
             the
             common
             Affairs
             and
             Concerns
             of
             this
             present
             Life
             .
             For
             whereas
             they
             usher
             in
             a
             sort
             of
             wholsom
             Instruction
             ,
             without
             any
             hazard
             to
             the
             Person
             ;
             so
             they
             thereby
             also
             procure
             to
             their
             Readers
             ,
             Art
             and
             Skill
             in
             Politicks
             ,
             above
             the
             ordinary
             Rate
             ,
             with
             great
             Ease
             and
             Security
             .
             For
             Knowledge
             gain'd
             by
             Experience
             ,
             though
             it
             brings
             a
             Man
             to
             an
             Aptness
             to
             be
             quick
             in
             discerning
             what
             is
             most
             advisable
             in
             every
             particular
             case
             ,
             yet
             such
             Knowledge
             is
             attended
             with
             many
             Toyls
             and
             Hazards
             .
             And
             thus
             he
             that
             was
          
           
             the
             most
             experienc'd
             Man
             among
             the
             Heroes
             ,
             view'd
             many
             Cities
             ,
             and
             came
             well
             to
             understand
             and
             prie
             into
             the
             Minds
             and
             Tempers
             of
             Men
             ;
             yet
             it
             was
             with
             many
             Troubles
             and
             Misfortunes
             :
             But
             Knowledge
             of
             what
             was
             well
             or
             ill
             done
             by
             others
             ,
             gain'd
             by
             History
             ,
             carries
             along
             with
             it
             Instructions
             ,
             freed
             from
             those
             Misfortunes
             that
             others
             have
             before
             experienc'd
             .
          
        
         
           
             Besides
             ,
             these
             Historians
             have
             us'd
             their
             utmost
             Diligence
             to
             reduce
             all
             Men
             in
             their
             Consideration
             of
             them
             (
             who
             are
             united
             and
             related
             one
             to
             another
             in
             the
             same
             common
             Nature
             and
             Original
             ,
             though
             far
             distant
             each
             from
             other
             as
             to
             Place
             and
             Time
             )
             under
             one
             and
             the
             same
             Head
             ,
             and
             common
             Order
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             were
             Servants
             herein
             to
             the
             Divine
             Providence
             .
             For
             as
             Providence
             having
             marshall'd
             the
             Stars
             (
             visible
             to
             us
             )
             in
             a
             most
             beautiful
             Frame
             and
             Order
             ,
             and
             likewise
             conjoyn'd
             the
             Natures
             of
             Men
             in
             a
             common
             Analogy
             and
             Likeness
             one
             to
             another
             ,
             incessantly
             wheels
             about
             every
             Age
             ,
             as
             in
             a
             Circle
             ,
             imparting
             to
             each
             what
             is
             before
             by
             Fate
             shar'd
             out
             and
             allotted
             for
             them
             :
             So
             these
             Historians
             by
             committing
             to
             Writing
             the
             common
             Actions
             of
             Men
             through
             the
             whole
             World
             ,
             as
             if
             they
             were
             the
             Affairs
             only
             of
             one
             City
             ,
             represent
             their
             Labours
             as
             one
             intire
             Account
             ,
             and
             common
             Repertory
             and
             Treasury
             of
             Human
             Transactions
             .
             For
             it
             's
             a
             desirable
             thing
             to
             be
             in
             a
             capacity
             to
             make
             use
             of
             the
             Mistakes
             of
             others
             ,
             the
             better
             to
             order
             the
             course
             of
             our
             own
             Lives
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             various
             Events
             and
             Accidents
             that
             may
             befal
             us
             ,
             not
             to
             be
             then
             at
             a
             loss
             and
             seeking
             what
             is
             to
             be
             done
             ,
             but
             rather
             to
             be
             able
             to
             imitate
             what
             has
             been
             well
             done
             .
             And
             certainly
             as
             to
             Councel
             and
             Advice
             ,
             all
             prefer
             Ancient
             Men
             before
             those
             that
             are
             Young
             ,
             because
             of
             their
             Prudence
             gain'd
             by
             a
             long
             Experience
             .
             But
             History
             goes
             as
             far
             beyond
             the
             Knowledge
             of
             Old
             Men
             ,
             as
             we
             are
             sure
             it
             does
             surmount
             all
             their
             Experience
             in
             multitude
             of
             Examples
             .
             So
             that
             any
             Man
             may
             justly
             look
             upon
             it
             as
             a
             thing
             most
             profitable
             and
             advantageous
             ,
             to
             make
             use
             of
             this
             upon
             all
             occasions
             and
             accidents
             of
             this
             Life
             .
             As
             for
             Young
             Men
             ,
             it
             teaches
             them
             the
             Wisdom
             and
             Prudence
             of
             the
             Old
             ,
             and
             increases
             and
             improves
             the
             Wisdom
             of
             the
             Aged
             :
             It
             fits
             Private
             Men
             for
             high
             Places
             ;
             and
             stirs
             up
             Princes
             (
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             Honour
             and
             Glory
             )
             to
             these
             Exploits
             that
             may
             immortalize
             their
             Names
             .
             It
             incourages
             likewise
             Souldiers
             to
             Fight
             the
             more
             Couragiously
             for
             their
             Country
             ,
             upon
             the
             hopes
             of
             Applause
             and
             Commendation
             after
             their
             Deaths
             .
             And
             as
             a
             Curb
             to
             the
             Impious
             and
             Prophane
             ,
             it
             restrains
             them
             in
             some
             measure
             ,
             upon
             the
             account
             of
             being
             noted
             to
             Posterity
             ,
             with
             a
             perpetual
             Brand
             of
             Infamy
             and
             Disgrace
             .
          
        
         
         
           
             What
             shall
             I
             say
             ?
             In
             hopes
             of
             having
             the
             Memory
             of
             their
             good
             Acts
             recorded
             to
             Posterity
             by
             Historians
             ,
             some
             have
             built
             Cities
             ;
             others
             have
             apply'd
             themselves
             to
             the
             Promulgation
             of
             good
             and
             wholsom
             Laws
             :
             Many
             also
             upon
             this
             account
             ,
             have
             set
             their
             Wits
             at
             work
             to
             invent
             Arts
             and
             Sciences
             for
             the
             good
             of
             Mankind
             .
             And
             whereas
             compleat
             Happiness
             is
             made
             up
             of
             all
             Perfections
             centring
             in
             one
             ;
             History
             consequently
             is
             to
             bear
             away
             the
             Prize
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             Cause
             of
             all
             those
             commendable
             and
             glorious
             effects
             :
             For
             it
             's
             most
             certain
             ,
             She
             is
             the
             Preserver
             of
             the
             Virtues
             of
             Worthy
             Men
             to
             Posterity
             ,
             and
             an
             eternal
             Witness
             to
             the
             Cowardize
             and
             Impiety
             of
             others
             ;
             and
             a
             Benefactor
             to
             all
             Mankind
             in
             general
             .
             For
             if
             a
             fine
             spun
             Story
             consisting
             meerly
             of
             Fictions
             told
             of
             things
             done
             among
             the
             Spirits
          
           
             below
             ,
             tends
             much
             to
             the
             promoting
             of
             Piety
             and
             Justice
             ;
             how
             much
             more
             then
             may
             we
             conclude
             that
             History
             ,
             the
             most
             noble
             Assertrix
             of
             Truth
             ,
             and
             very
             Metropolis
             (
             as
             it
             were
             )
             of
             all
             Philosophy
             ,
             may
             adorn
             the
             Manners
             of
             Men
             with
             Principles
             of
             Justice
             and
             Honesty
             ?
             For
             there
             is
             not
             a
             Man
             (
             through
             the
             Infirmity
             of
             Human
             Nature
             )
             that
             lives
             scarce
             a
             moment
             of
             an
             entire
             Eternity
             ,
             but
             is
             extinguish'd
             and
             gone
             for
             ever
             after
             this
             Life
             ;
             and
             with
             those
             who
             never
             did
             any
             thing
             commendable
             in
             their
             Life-time
             ,
             all
             their
             Injoyments
             and
             Comforts
             perish
             with
             them
             .
             But
             those
             who
             have
             signalized
             themselves
             by
             virtuous
             Actions
             ,
             are
             made
             famous
             in
             every
             Age
             ,
             their
             praises
             being
             proclaim'd
             as
             it
             were
             by
          
           
             a
             Divine
             Voice
             from
             History
          
           .
        
         
           
             I
             judge
             it
             therefore
             honourable
             and
             commendable
             ,
             and
             a
             piece
             of
             admirable
             Wisdom
             and
             Prudence
             ,
             to
             purchase
             that
             Glory
             which
             is
             immortal
             ,
             with
             Labours
             and
             Sufferings
             that
             are
             but
             short
             and
             temporal
             .
             It
             's
             confess'd
             by
             all
             concerning
          
           Hercules
           ,
           
             that
             while
             he
             was
             here
             upon
             Earth
             ,
             he
             voluntarily
             undertook
             great
             and
             continual
             Labours
             ,
             and
             ran
             through
             many
             Dangers
             ,
             that
             by
             doing
             good
             to
             Mankind
             ,
             he
             might
             gain
             the
             Reward
             of
             an
             Immortal
             Fame
             .
             And
             as
             to
             other
             Men
             ,
             some
             are
             honour'd
             as
             Heroes
             ,
             others
             Deify'd
             as
             Gods
             ,
             and
             all
             by
             the
             help
             and
             advantage
             of
             History
             ,
             which
             has
             transmitted
             their
             Virtues
             to
             Posterity
             ,
             and
             caus'd
             the
             Remembrance
             of
             them
             to
             be
             immortal
             .
             Other
             Monuments
             indure
             but
             for
             a
             little
             time
             ,
             and
             are
             often
             ruin'd
             and
             destroy'd
             by
             various
             Accidents
             ;
             but
             the
             force
             and
             vigour
             of
             History
             ,
             pierces
             through
             the
             whole
             World
             ,
             and
             Time
             it self
             (
             which
             consumes
             all
             other
             things
             )
             is
             its
             Keeper
             ,
             handing
             it
             down
             to
             Posterity
             for
             ever
             .
          
        
         
           
             History
             likewise
             conduces
             much
             to
             make
             a
             Man
             Eloquent
             ,
             than
             which
             nothing
             is
             more
             commendable
             ;
             for
             by
             this
          
           Grecians
           excel
           Barbarians
           ,
           
             and
             the
             Learn'd
             those
             that
             are
             Ignorant
             :
             And
             by
             this
             Art
             alone
             it
             is
             ,
             that
             one
             single
             Person
             many
             times
             prevails
             over
             Multitudes
             .
          
        
         
           
             To
             conclude
             ;
             Whatever
             is
             done
             ,
             appears
             to
             be
             such
             either
             as
             to
             Quantity
             or
             Quality
             ,
             as
             the
             Eloquent
             Rhetorician
             is
             pleas'd
             to
             make
             it
             .
             And
             such
             we
             call
             Good
             Men
             ,
             Men
             of
          
           
             high
             Esteem
             for
             excellent
             Language
             ,
             as
             those
             that
             by
             that
             Qualification
             have
             attain'd
             to
             the
             highest
             pitch
             of
             Virtue
             .
             But
             this
             Art
             of
             Speaking
             well
             ,
             is
             divided
             into
             several
             Parts
             :
             That
             part
             which
             is
             Poetical
             ,
             seems
             to
             delight
             more
             than
             to
             profit
             the
             Auditor
             ;
             that
             which
             relates
             to
             making
             of
             Laws
             ,
             tends
             more
             to
             Coertion
             than
             Instruction
             ;
             and
             the
             other
             parts
             either
             contribute
             nothing
             at
             all
             to
             our
             well-being
             ;
             or
             they
             are
             as
             hurtful
             one
             way
             ,
             as
             they
             are
             useful
             and
             profitable
             another
             ;
             and
             some
             of
             them
             even
             oppose
             the
             Truth
             with
             downright
             Lyes
             .
          
        
         
           
             But
             History
             only
             (
             wherein
             Words
             and
             Things
             agree
             )
             comprehends
             in
             Writing
             ,
             what
             is
             both
             pleasant
             and
             profitable
             ;
             For
             who
             cannot
             discern
             ,
             but
             that
             it
             perswades
             to
             Justice
             ;
             condemns
             the
             wicked
             and
             vicious
             ;
             praises
             the
             good
             ,
             and
             greatly
             improves
             the
             Understanding
             of
             the
          
           
             Readers
             ?
             And
             therefore
             when
             we
             saw
             these
             sort
             of
             Writers
             deservedly
             in
             great
             Esteem
             ,
             we
             were
             stir'd
             up
             to
             an
             earnest
             study
             of
             prosecuting
             the
             same
             Subject
             .
          
        
         
           
             But
             when
             we
             seriously
             consider
             the
             Authors
             that
             have
             been
             before
             us
             ,
             though
             we
             highly
             approve
             of
             their
             Method
             and
             Design
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             we
             may
             justly
             ;
             yet
             we
             
             conceive
             their
             Writings
             are
             not
             altogether
             compos'd
             to
             the
             due
             Measure
             of
             Profit
             and
             Advantage
             as
             they
             ought
             to
             be
             .
             For
             whereas
             to
             profit
             the
             Reader
             ,
             it
             's
             necessarily
             requisite
             ,
             that
             many
             and
             various
             Circumstances
             of
             Affairs
             be
             related
             ;
             many
             set
             forth
             the
             Wars
             only
             of
             one
             Nation
             ,
             or
             one
             single
             City
             ;
             for
             very
             few
             have
             begun
             their
             Histories
             from
             Antient
             Times
             ,
             or
             have
             made
             it
             their
             Business
             to
             write
             of
             the
             Affairs
             of
             all
             Nations
             in
             General
             ,
             to
             these
             our
             Days
             .
             And
             those
             that
             do
             ,
             some
             of
             them
             fix
             no
             certain
             Time
             to
             the
             several
             Transactions
             they
             write
             of
             ;
             and
             others
             altogether
             pass
             over
             the
             Affairs
             of
             the
          
           Barbarians
           .
           
             And
             some
             there
             are
             that
             never
             mention
             the
             Ancient
             Mythologies
             ,
             but
             slip
             them
             by
             ,
             because
             of
             the
             Difficulty
             of
             the
             Subject
             .
             Some
             that
             have
             begun
             to
             write
             ,
             have
             been
             prevented
             by
             Death
             ,
             and
             so
             have
             left
             their
             Works
             imperfect
             .
             And
             none
             who
             have
             hitherto
             set
             themselves
             to
             this
             Business
             ,
             have
             brought
             down
             their
             History
             below
             the
             Times
             of
             the
          
           Macedonians
           :
           
             For
             some
             have
             broke
             off
             at
          
           Philip
           ,
           
             others
             at
             the
             Acts
             of
          
           Alexander
           ,
           
             and
             others
             at
             his
             Successors
             or
             Posterity
             .
             And
             although
             many
             great
             and
             considerable
             Actions
             since
             those
             Times
             ,
             to
             these
             our
             Days
             ,
             have
             been
             upon
             the
             Stage
             ;
             yet
             no
             Historian
             has
             hitherto
             undertaken
             to
             set
             them
             forth
             in
             one
             intire
             Tract
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             Tediousness
             of
             the
             Work.
             And
             in
             regard
             that
             in
             those
             Writings
             which
             we
             have
             ,
             the
             Times
             and
             Actions
             that
             have
             been
             comprehended
             in
             them
             ,
             are
             hudled
             together
             in
             several
             Volumes
             ,
             writ
             by
             various
             and
             several
             Authors
             ,
             it
             's
             a
             very
             difficult
             matter
             either
             to
             understand
             ,
             or
             remember
             them
             .
          
        
         
           
             Having
             therefore
             diligently
             perus'd
             and
             examin'd
             the
             Tracts
             of
             the
             several
             Authors
             ,
             I
             determin'd
             to
             compose
             one
             intire
             History
             ,
             from
             which
             the
             Reader
             might
             reap
             much
             Advantage
             ,
             with
             little
             Labour
             and
             Pains
             :
             For
             he
             who
             endeavours
             to
             the
             utmost
             of
             his
             power
             ,
             to
             comprehend
             in
             his
             Writings
             ,
             the
             memorable
             Affairs
             and
             Actions
             of
             the
             whole
             World
             (
             as
             of
             one
             single
             City
             ,
             )
             bringing
             down
             his
             History
             from
             the
             most
             ancient
             Times
             to
             his
             own
             Age
             ,
             though
             he
             set
             upon
             a
             Work
             certainly
             very
             Laborious
             ,
             yet
             he
             'll
             perform
             that
             which
             ,
             when
             finish'd
             ,
             will
             be
             undoubtedly
             most
             useful
             and
             profitable
             .
             For
             hence
             ,
             every
             Man
             may
             ,
             as
             out
             of
             a
             common
             Fountain
             ,
             draw
             what
             is
             convenient
             and
             serviceable
             for
             his
             own
             private
             use
             .
             For
             as
             to
             them
             that
             have
             a
             desire
             to
             imploy
             themselves
             in
             tumbling
             and
             turning
             over
             so
             many
             Authors
             ;
             first
             such
             cannot
             easily
             get
             so
             many
             Books
             together
             as
             are
             necessary
             for
             their
             use
             ;
             and
             then
             again
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             differing
             Relations
             and
             multitude
             of
             Authors
             ,
             they
             can
             scarcely
             understand
             the
             Matters
             related
             .
          
        
         
           
             But
             one
             General
             History
             ,
             in
             one
             intire
             Tract
             ,
             as
             it
             may
             be
             quickly
             and
             readily
             perus'd
             ,
             so
             the
             understanding
             of
             the
             subject
             matter
             ,
             with
             far
             more
             ease
             goes
             along
             with
             the
             Reading
             .
             Yea
             ,
             this
             sort
             of
             History
             excels
             all
             others
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             the
             Whole
             is
             more
             useful
             than
             the
             Part
             ;
             as
             the
             intire
             thing
             is
             more
             desirable
             than
             that
             which
             is
             divided
             ;
             and
             that
             which
             fixes
             the
             exact
             Periods
             of
             Time
             ,
             more
             than
             that
             which
             leaves
             the
             Time
             uncertain
             and
             unknown
             ,
             when
             things
             related
             were
             done
             .
          
        
         
           
             Perceiving
             therefore
             that
             such
             a
             Work
             would
             be
             of
             mighty
             use
             and
             advantage
             ;
             but
             that
             it
             would
             require
             both
             a
             long
             Time
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             Labour
             and
             Pains
             ,
             we
             spent
             Thirty
             Years
             time
             in
             the
             Composing
             of
             it
             ;
             and
             for
             that
             purpose
             travell'd
             through
             a
             great
             part
             of
          
           Asia
           and
           Europe
           ,
           
             with
             many
             Hazards
             and
             Difficulties
             ,
             that
             we
             our selves
             might
             be
             Eye-Witnesses
             of
             most
             of
             the
             Parts
             and
             Places
             that
             were
             necessary
             for
             the
             carrying
             on
             of
             our
             Design
             in
             this
             Work.
             For
             through
             the
             Ignorance
             of
             Places
             ,
             not
             only
             common
             Writers
             ,
             but
             even
             those
             who
             are
             reputed
             the
             most
             Eminent
             ,
             have
             committed
             many
             Errors
             and
             Mistakes
             .
             The
             chief
             cause
             ,
             and
             that
             which
             most
             helpt
             forward
             the
             Design
             ,
             (
             which
             ,
             though
             thought
             impossible
             ,
             is
             now
             fully
             compleated
             and
             perfected
             )
             was
             the
             strong
             and
             constant
             desire
             we
             had
             of
             Composing
             such
             a
             Work.
             Many
             Helps
             likewise
             were
             afforded
             to
             us
             at
          
           Rome
           ,
           
             for
             the
             Carrying
             on
             of
             what
             we
             had
             undertaken
             in
             this
             Kind
             .
             For
             that
             noble
             City
             ,
             whose
             Power
             is
             stretcht
             out
             as
             far
             as
             
             to
             the
             utmost
             Corners
             of
             the
             Earth
             (
             being
             that
             we
             had
             been
             there
             a
             long
             time
             an
             Inhabitant
             )
             furnished
             us
             with
             many
             things
             ready
             at
             hand
             for
             our
             purpose
             .
             For
             being
             born
             in
          
           Agyrus
           in
           Sicily
           ,
           
             and
             having
             in
             a
             great
             measure
             learnt
             the
             Roman
             Language
             ,
             by
             means
             of
             the
             frequent
             Commerce
             of
          
           Romans
           
             in
             that
             Island
             ,
             I
             diligently
             collected
             out
             of
             their
             Ancient
             Records
             ,
             what
             I
             found
             concerning
             the
             memorable
             Actions
             of
             this
             Empire
             .
          
        
         
           
             We
             have
             begun
             our
             History
             with
             the
             Mythologies
             handed
             down
             to
             us
             ,
             as
             well
             those
             of
             the
          
           Grecians
           ,
           
             as
             of
             the
          
           Barbarians
           ,
           
             seriously
             weighing
             and
             considering
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             we
             were
             able
             ,
             what
             every
             one
             of
             them
             have
             related
             of
             things
             done
             in
             Ancient
             Times
             .
             Having
             now
             finish'd
             what
             was
             design'd
             ,
             though
             not
             yet
             expos'd
             to
             publick
             view
             ,
             before
             that
             be
             done
             ,
             we
             shall
             declare
             something
             briefly
             concerning
             the
             whole
             Work.
             
          
        
         
           
             Our
             First
             Six
             Books
             ,
             comprehend
             the
             Affairs
             and
             Mythologies
             of
             the
             Ages
             before
             the
          
           Trojan
           
             War
             ,
             of
             which
             the
             Three
             First
             ,
             contain
             the
          
           Barbarian
           ,
           
             and
             the
             next
             following
             almost
             all
             the
          
           Grecian
           
             Antiquities
             .
             In
             the
             Eleven
             next
             after
             these
             ,
             we
             have
             given
             an
             Account
             of
             what
             has
             been
             done
             in
             every
             Place
             from
             the
             Time
             of
             the
          
           Trojan
           
             War
             ,
             till
             the
             Death
             of
          
           Alexander
           .
           
             In
             the
             Three
             and
             Twenty
             Books
             following
             ,
             we
             have
             set
             forth
             all
             other
             Things
             and
             Affairs
             ,
             till
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
             War
             the
          
           Romans
           
             made
             upon
             the
          
           Galls
           ;
           
             at
             which
             time
          
           Julius
           Caesar
           
             the
             Emperor
             (
             who
             upon
             the
             Account
             of
             his
             great
             Atchievements
             ,
             was
             surnam'd
          
           Divus
           )
           
             having
             subdu'd
             the
             Warlike
             Nations
             of
             the
          
           Galls
           ,
           
             inlarg'd
             the
          
           Roman
           
             Empire
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             to
             the
          
           British
           
             Isles
             ;
             whose
             First
             Acts
             fall
             in
             with
             the
             First
             Year
             of
             the
             Hundred
             and
             Eightieth
             Olympiad
             ,
             when
          
           Herodes
           
             was
             chief
             Magistrate
             at
          
           Athens
           .
           
             But
             as
             to
             the
             Limitation
             of
             Times
             contain'd
             in
             this
             Work
             ,
             we
             have
             not
             bound
             those
             things
             that
             happen'd
             before
             the
          
           Trojan
           
             War
             ,
             within
             any
             certain
             Limits
             ;
             because
             we
             could
             not
             find
             any
             Foundation
             whereon
             to
             rely
             with
             any
             Certainty
             .
          
        
         
           
             According
             to
          
           Appollodorus
           ,
           
             we
             have
             accounted
             Fourscore
             Years
             from
             the
          
           Trojan
           
             War
             ,
             to
             the
             Return
             of
          
           Heraclides
           :
           
             From
             thence
             to
             the
             First
             Olympiad
             ,
          
           
             Three
             Hundred
             and
             Twenty
             Eight
             Years
             ,
             computing
             the
             Times
             from
             the
          
           Lacedemonian
           
             Kings
             .
             From
             the
             First
             Olympiad
             ,
             to
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
          
           Gallick
           
             War
             (
             where
             our
             History
             ends
             )
             are
             Seven
             Hundred
             and
             Thirty
             Years
             :
             So
             that
             our
             whole
             Work
             (
             comprehended
             in
             Forty
             Books
             )
             is
             an
             History
             which
             takes
             in
             the
             Affairs
             of
             Eleven
             Hundred
             Thirty
             Eight
             Years
             ,
             besides
             those
             Times
             that
             preceded
             the
          
           Trojan
           War.
           
        
         
           
             We
             have
             been
             the
             more
             careful
             to
             premise
             these
             things
             ,
             that
             the
             Reader
             might
             have
             the
             clearer
             Prospect
             into
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             whole
             Tract
             ;
             and
             that
             those
             who
             commonly
             take
             upon
             them
             to
             polish
             and
             amend
             Books
             ,
             may
             be
             at
             least
             prevail'd
             with
             not
             to
             corrupt
             other
             Mens
             Works
             .
             Whatever
             therefore
             through
             the
             whole
             History
             is
             writ
             well
             ,
             let
             no
             Man
             envy
             :
             What
             Slips
             there
             are
             (
             through
             Ignorance
             )
             they
             that
             are
             more
             knowing
             ,
             are
             very
             free
             to
             amend
             .
          
        
         
           
             And
             now
             having
             finish'd
             what
             we
             thought
             fit
             to
             premise
             ,
             we
             shall
             endeavour
             actually
             to
             perform
             what
             we
             before
             promis'd
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             Writing
             of
             the
             History
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
           
             
             
               THE
               Historical
               Library
               OF
               
                 Diodorus
                 the
                 Sicilian
              
               .
               BOOK
               I.
               
            
             
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   I.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     first
                     Generation
                     of
                     Men.
                     How
                     the
                     World
                     first
                     began
                     .
                     Mens
                     first
                     manner
                     of
                     Life
                     ,
                     and
                     who
                     were
                     the
                     first
                     Men.
                     First
                     Men
                     in
                     Egypt
                     .
                     Who
                     were
                     the
                     most
                     antient
                     Gods
                     of
                     Egypt
                     .
                     Of
                     their
                     Demy-Gods
                     .
                     
                       Sol
                       ,
                       Saturn
                       ,
                       Rhea
                       ,
                       Jupiter
                       ,
                       Juno
                       ,
                       Vulcan
                    
                     reign'd
                     in
                     Egypt
                     .
                     Of
                     Osiris
                     and
                     Isis
                     .
                     The
                     Acts
                     of
                     Osiris
                     and
                     
                       Isis
                       .
                       Hermes
                    
                     his
                     Inventions
                     .
                     Osiris
                     prepares
                     for
                     his
                     Expedition
                     through
                     the
                     World
                     ,
                     and
                     to
                     that
                     end
                     raises
                     a
                     great
                     Army
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   WHAT
                   Notions
                   they
                   had
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   who
                   first
                   instituted
                   Divine
                   Worship
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   is
                   fabulously
                   related
                   of
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Deities
                   (
                   because
                   the
                   Subject
                   requires
                   much
                   to
                   be
                   said
                   )
                   we
                   shall
                   distinctly
                   set
                   forth
                   :
                   And
                   whatever
                   we
                   conceive
                   to
                   be
                   pertinent
                   to
                   the
                   present
                   History
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   discourse
                   of
                   severally
                   and
                   distinct
                   ,
                   that
                   nothing
                   worth
                   Observation
                   may
                   be
                   omitted
                   And
                   we
                   shall
                   here
                   give
                   an
                   accurate
                   Account
                   (
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   the
                   Antiquity
                   of
                   the
                   matters
                   will
                   admit
                   )
                   of
                   the
                   Generation
                   and
                   Original
                   of
                   Mankind
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   Affairs
                   and
                   Transactions
                   of
                   all
                   Parts
                   of
                   the
                   Known
                   World
                   ,
                   drawing
                   down
                   our
                   History
                   from
                   the
                   most
                   ancient
                   Times
                   .
                
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   Origen
                   therefore
                   of
                   Men
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   Two
                   Opinions
                   amongst
                   the
                   most
                   
                   famous
                   and
                   authentick
                   Naturalists
                   and
                   Historians
                   .
                
                 
                   Some
                   of
                   these
                   are
                   of
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   World
                   had
                   neither
                   *
                   Beginning
                   ,
                   nor
                   ever
                   shall
                   have
                   End
                   ;
                   and
                   likewise
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   Mankind
                   was
                   from
                   Eternity
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   there
                   never
                   was
                   a
                   Time
                   when
                   he
                   first
                   began
                   to
                   be
                   .
                   Others
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   conceive
                   both
                   the
                   World
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   be
                   corruptible
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   there
                   was
                   a
                   certain
                   Time
                   when
                   Man
                   had
                   first
                   a
                   Being
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   whereas
                   all
                   things
                   at
                   the
                   first
                   were
                   jumbled
                   together
                   ,
                   Heaven
                   and
                   Earth
                   ,
                   
                   were
                   in
                   one
                   Mass
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   Form
                   :
                   But
                   afterwards
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   when
                   Corporeal
                   Beings
                   appear'd
                   one
                   after
                   another
                   ,
                   the
                   World
                   at
                   length
                   presented
                   it self
                   in
                   the
                   Order
                   we
                   now
                   see
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Air
                   was
                   in
                   continual
                   agitation
                   ,
                   whose
                   fiery
                   part
                   ascended
                   together
                   to
                   the
                   highest
                   Place
                   ,
                   its
                   nature
                   (
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   its
                   Levity
                   )
                   tending
                   always
                   upwards
                   ;
                   for
                   which
                   reason
                   ,
                   both
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   vast
                   number
                   of
                   the
                   Stars
                   ,
                   are
                   contain'd
                   within
                   that
                   Orb.
                   That
                   the
                   gross
                   and
                   earthy
                   Matter
                   (
                   clotted
                   together
                   by
                   Moisture
                   )
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   its
                   Weight
                   sunk
                   down
                   below
                   into
                   one
                   Place
                   ,
                   is
                   continually
                   whirling
                   about
                   ;
                   the
                   Sea
                   was
                   made
                   of
                   the
                   Humid
                   Parts
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   muddy
                   Earth
                   of
                   the
                   more
                   Solid
                   ,
                   as
                   yet
                   very
                   meorish
                   and
                   soft
                   ;
                   which
                   by
                   degrees
                   at
                   first
                   was
                   made
                   crusty
                   by
                   the
                   Heat
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ;
                   and
                   then
                   after
                   the
                   Face
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   was
                   parcht
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   firmented
                   ,
                   the
                   Moisture
                   afterwards
                   in
                   many
                   Places
                   bubled
                   up
                   ,
                   and
                   appear'd
                   as
                   so
                   many
                   Pustles
                   wrapt
                   up
                   in
                   thin
                   and
                   slender
                   Coats
                   and
                   Skins
                   ;
                   which
                   may
                   be
                   even
                   seen
                   in
                   standing
                   Ponds
                   ,
                   and
                   Marish
                   Places
                   ,
                   when
                   after
                   the
                   Earth
                   has
                   been
                   pierc'd
                   with
                   
                   Cold
                   ,
                   the
                   Air
                   grows
                   hot
                   on
                   a
                   sudden
                   ,
                   without
                   a
                   gradual
                   Alteration
                   .
                   And
                   whereas
                   Moisture
                   generates
                   Creatures
                   from
                   Heat
                   ,
                   as
                   from
                   a
                   Seminal
                   Principle
                   ,
                   things
                   so
                   generated
                   ,
                   by
                   being
                   inwrapt
                   in
                   the
                   dewy
                   Mists
                   of
                   the
                   Night
                   ,
                   grew
                   and
                   increas'd
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   Day
                   solidated
                   ,
                   and
                   were
                   made
                   hard
                   by
                   the
                   Heat
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ;
                   and
                   when
                   the
                   Births
                   included
                   in
                   those
                   Ventricles
                   had
                   received
                   their
                   due
                   proportion
                   ,
                   then
                   those
                   slender
                   Skins
                   being
                   burst
                   asunder
                   by
                   the
                   Heat
                   ,
                   the
                   Forms
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Living
                   Creatures
                   were
                   brought
                   forth
                   into
                   the
                   Light
                   ;
                   of
                   which
                   those
                   that
                   had
                   most
                   of
                   Heat
                   mounted
                   aloft
                   ,
                   †
                   and
                   were
                   Fowl
                   ,
                   and
                   Birds
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                   ;
                   but
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   drossy
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   more
                   of
                   Earth
                   ,
                   were
                   number'd
                   in
                   the
                   order
                   of
                   Creeping
                   things
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Creatures
                   altogether
                   us'd
                   to
                   the
                   Earth
                   .
                   Then
                   those
                   Beasts
                   that
                   were
                   naturally
                   watery
                   and
                   moist
                   (
                   call'd
                   Fishes
                   )
                   presently
                   hasten'd
                   to
                   the
                   place
                   connatural
                   to
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   when
                   the
                   Earth
                   afterwards
                   became
                   more
                   dry
                   and
                   solid
                   by
                   the
                   Heat
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   drying
                   Winds
                   ,
                   it
                   had
                   not
                   power
                   at
                   length
                   to
                   produce
                   any
                   more
                   of
                   the
                   greater
                   living
                   Creatures
                   ;
                   but
                   each
                   that
                   had
                   an
                   Animal
                   Life
                   ,
                   began
                   to
                   increase
                   their
                   Kind
                   by
                   mutual
                   Copulation
                   .
                   And
                   Euripides
                   the
                   Scholar
                   of
                   Anaxagoras
                   ,
                   seems
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   concerning
                   the
                   first
                   Generation
                   of
                   all
                   things
                   ;
                   for
                   in
                   his
                   Monalippe
                   he
                   has
                   these
                   Verses
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     A
                     Mass
                     confus'd
                     ,
                     Heaven
                     and
                     Earth
                     once
                     were
                  
                   
                     Of
                     one
                     Form
                     ;
                     but
                     after
                     Separation
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Then
                     Men
                     ,
                     Trees
                     ,
                     Beasts
                     of
                     th'
                     Earth
                     ,
                     with
                     Fowls
                     of
                     th'
                     Air
                  
                   
                     First
                     sprang
                     up
                     in
                     their
                     Generation
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   But
                   if
                   this
                   Power
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   to
                   produce
                   living
                   Creatures
                   at
                   the
                   first
                   Origen
                   of
                   all
                   things
                   seem
                   credible
                   to
                   any
                   ;
                   the
                   Aegyptians
                   do
                   bring
                   Testimonies
                   of
                   this
                   Energy
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   same
                   things
                   done
                   there
                   at
                   this
                   day
                   .
                   For
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   about
                   Thebes
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   after
                   the
                   overflowing
                   of
                   the
                   River
                   Nile
                   ,
                   the
                   Earth
                   
                   thereby
                   being
                   covered
                   with
                   Mud
                   and
                   Slime
                   ,
                   many
                   Places
                   putrify
                   through
                   the
                   heat
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   and
                   thence
                   are
                   bred
                   multitudes
                   of
                   Mice
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   certain
                   therefore
                   ,
                   that
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   when
                   it
                   's
                   hardn'd
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Air
                   chang'd
                   from
                   its
                   due
                   and
                   natural
                   Temperament
                   ,
                   Animals
                   are
                   generated
                   .
                   By
                   which
                   means
                   it
                   came
                   to
                   pass
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   beginning
                   of
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   various
                   living
                   Creatures
                   proceeded
                   from
                   the
                   Earth
                   .
                   And
                   these
                   are
                   the
                   Opinions
                   touching
                   the
                   Original
                   of
                   Things
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   Men
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   at
                   first
                   ,
                   led
                   a
                   rude
                   and
                   brutish
                   sort
                   of
                   Life
                   ,
                   and
                   wandered
                   
                   up
                   and
                   down
                   in
                   the
                   Fields
                   ,
                   and
                   fed
                   upon
                   Herbs
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   natural
                   Fruit
                   of
                   the
                   Trees
                   .
                   Their
                   Words
                   were
                   confus'd
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   certain
                   signification
                   ;
                   but
                   by
                   degrees
                   they
                   spoke
                   articulately
                   ,
                   and
                   making
                   Signs
                   ,
                   and
                   giving
                   proper
                   Terms
                   to
                   every
                   thing
                   upon
                   occasion
                   ;
                   at
                   length
                   their
                   Discourse
                   became
                   intelligible
                   one
                   to
                   another
                   :
                   But
                   being
                   dispers'd
                   into
                   several
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   they
                   spoke
                   not
                   all
                   the
                   same
                   Language
                   ,
                   every
                   one
                   using
                   that
                   Dialect
                   proper
                   to
                   the
                   Place
                   ,
                   as
                   his
                   Lot
                   fell
                   :
                   Upon
                   which
                   account
                   there
                   were
                   various
                   and
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Languages
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   ;
                   and
                   these
                   Associations
                   of
                   Men
                   ,
                   first
                   planted
                   all
                   the
                   Nations
                   of
                   the
                   World.
                   
                
                 
                   But
                   forasmuch
                   as
                   what
                   was
                   useful
                   for
                   Mans
                   Life
                   ,
                   was
                   not
                   at
                   the
                   beginning
                   found
                   out
                   ,
                   this
                   first
                   Race
                   of
                   Mankind
                   liv'd
                   a
                   laborious
                   and
                   troublesom
                   Life
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   as
                   yet
                   naked
                   ,
                   not
                   inur'd
                   to
                   Houses
                   ,
                   nor
                   acquainted
                   with
                   the
                   use
                   of
                   Fire
                   ,
                   and
                   altogether
                   destitute
                   of
                   Delicacies
                   for
                   their
                   Food
                   .
                   For
                   not
                   knowing
                   as
                   yet
                   how
                   to
                   house
                   and
                   lay
                   up
                   their
                   Food
                   ,
                   they
                   had
                   no
                   Barns
                   or
                   Granaries
                   where
                   to
                   deposite
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   many
                   through
                   Hunger
                   and
                   Cold
                   perisht
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   :
                   But
                   being
                   at
                   length
                   taught
                   by
                   experience
                   ,
                   they
                   fled
                   into
                   Caves
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   ,
                   and
                   laid
                   up
                   such
                   Fruits
                   as
                   were
                   fit
                   to
                   keep
                   ;
                   and
                   coming
                   by
                   degrees
                   to
                   the
                   Knowledge
                   of
                   the
                   usefulness
                   of
                   Fire
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   other
                   Conveniences
                   ,
                   they
                   began
                   to
                   invent
                   many
                   Arts
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   things
                   beneficial
                   for
                   Man's
                   Life
                   .
                   What
                   shall
                   we
                   say
                   ?
                   Necessity
                   was
                   Man's
                   Instructor
                   ,
                   which
                   made
                   him
                   skilful
                   in
                   every
                   thing
                   ,
                   being
                   an
                   Ingenious
                   Creature
                   ,
                   assisted
                   (
                   as
                   with
                   so
                   many
                   Servants
                   )
                   with
                   Hands
                   ,
                   Speech
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   Rational
                   Soul
                   ,
                   ready
                   to
                   put
                   every
                   thing
                   in
                   execution
                   .
                   But
                   what
                   
                   we
                   have
                   here
                   said
                   concerning
                   the
                   first
                   Generation
                   of
                   Mankind
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   way
                   of
                   living
                   in
                   old
                   time
                   may
                   suffice
                   ,
                   *
                   designing
                   to
                   keep
                   within
                   due
                   Bounds
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   now
                   we
                   shall
                   apply
                   our selves
                   to
                   recount
                   those
                   things
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   done
                   in
                   all
                   the
                   known
                   Parts
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   whereof
                   there
                   is
                   any
                   Memorial
                   handed
                   down
                   to
                   us
                   .
                
                 
                   Who
                   were
                   the
                   First
                   Kings
                   ,
                   we
                   our selves
                   can
                   neither
                   assert
                   nor
                   agree
                   with
                   
                   those
                   Historians
                   who
                   affirm
                   they
                   know
                   ;
                   for
                   it
                   's
                   not
                   possible
                   that
                   the
                   Account
                   given
                   of
                   Affairs
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   so
                   ancient
                   as
                   to
                   be
                   contemporary
                   with
                   the
                   first
                   Kings
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   any
                   should
                   admit
                   any
                   such
                   thing
                   ,
                   yet
                   it
                   's
                   apparent
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   Historians
                   extant
                   liv'd
                   long
                   after
                   those
                   Times
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   Greeks
                   themselves
                   are
                   not
                   only
                   in
                   the
                   dark
                   concerning
                   the
                   Antiquity
                   of
                   Nations
                   ,
                   but
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   Barbarians
                   also
                   ,
                   who
                   call
                   themselves
                   Natural
                   Inhabitants
                   ,
                   and
                   boast
                   themselves
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   first
                   of
                   all
                   other
                   Men
                   who
                   have
                   found
                   out
                   things
                   beneficial
                   to
                   Mankind
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   have
                   committed
                   to
                   writing
                   ,
                   things
                   done
                   among
                   them
                   many
                   Ages
                   before
                   .
                   And
                   as
                   for
                   us
                   ,
                   we
                   determine
                   nothing
                   certainly
                   of
                   the
                   Antiquity
                   of
                   particular
                   Nations
                   ,
                   nor
                   which
                   Nation
                   is
                   antienter
                   than
                   another
                   ,
                   or
                   how
                   many
                   Years
                   one
                   was
                   before
                   another
                   .
                   But
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   attain
                   the
                   Scope
                   and
                   End
                   we
                   have
                   before
                   design'd
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   distinctly
                   set
                   forth
                   in
                   these
                   Chapters
                   ,
                   what
                   is
                   reported
                   concerning
                   things
                   done
                   in
                   the
                   several
                   Nations
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Antiquity
                   of
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   We
                   shall
                   first
                   speak
                   of
                   the
                   Barbarians
                   ;
                   not
                   that
                   we
                   judge
                   them
                   more
                   ancient
                   than
                   the
                   Grecians
                   (
                   as
                   Ephorus
                   affirms
                   )
                   but
                   that
                   we
                   are
                   willing
                   in
                   the
                   First
                   place
                   to
                   relate
                   many
                   considerable
                   things
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   we
                   come
                   afterwards
                   to
                   the
                   History
                   of
                   the
                   Greeks
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   not
                   confound
                   their
                   Antiquity
                   with
                   the
                   other
                   which
                   are
                   of
                   a
                   foreign
                   nature
                   to
                   them
                   .
                   And
                   because
                   the
                   Gods
                   are
                   fabulously
                   reported
                   to
                   be
                   born
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   first
                   Observation
                   of
                   the
                   Motion
                   of
                   the
                   Stars
                   is
                   attributed
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   many
                   remarkable
                   and
                   famous
                   Actions
                   of
                   renown'd
                   Men
                   recorded
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   amongst
                   them
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   begin
                   with
                   the
                   Affairs
                   of
                   Egypt
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Egyptians
                   report
                   ,
                   that
                   at
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   the
                   first
                   Men
                   were
                   
                   created
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   both
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   happy
                   Climate
                   of
                   the
                   Country
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   nature
                   of
                   the
                   River
                   Nile
                   .
                   For
                   this
                   River
                   being
                   very
                   Fruitful
                   ,
                   and
                   apt
                   to
                   bring
                   forth
                   many
                   Animals
                   ,
                   yields
                   of
                   it self
                   likewise
                   Food
                   and
                   Nourishment
                   for
                   the
                   things
                   produc'd
                   .
                   For
                   it
                   yields
                   the
                   Roots
                   of
                   Canes
                   ,
                   the
                   Fruit
                   of
                   the
                   *
                   Lote-Tree
                   ,
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Bean
                   ,
                   that
                   which
                   they
                   call
                   †
                   Cors●on
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   like
                   Rarities
                   for
                   Man's
                   Food
                   ,
                   always
                   ready
                   at
                   hand
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   that
                   all
                   living
                   Creatures
                   were
                   first
                   produc'd
                   among
                   them
                   ,
                   they
                   use
                   this
                   Argument
                   ,
                   that
                   even
                   at
                   this
                   day
                   ,
                   about
                   Thebes
                   at
                   certain
                   Times
                   ,
                   such
                   vast
                   Mice
                   are
                   bred
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   causes
                   admiration
                   to
                   the
                   Beholders
                   ;
                   some
                   of
                   which
                   to
                   the
                   Breast
                   and
                   Fore-feet
                   are
                   animated
                   and
                   begin
                   to
                   move
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Body
                   (
                   which
                   yet
                   retains
                   the
                   nature
                   of
                   the
                   Soyl
                   )
                   appears
                   without
                   Form.
                   Whence
                   it
                   's
                   manifest
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   through
                   the
                   Fertileness
                   of
                   the
                   Soyl
                   the
                   first
                   Men
                   were
                   form'd
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   being
                   that
                   in
                   no
                   other
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   any
                   of
                   these
                   Creatures
                   are
                   produc'd
                   ;
                   only
                   in
                   Egypt
                   these
                   supernatural
                   Births
                   may
                   be
                   seen
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   sum
                   up
                   all
                   in
                   a
                   word
                   :
                   If
                   in
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   
                   Deucalion's
                   Flood
                   ,
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   only
                   of
                   all
                   living
                   Creatures
                   were
                   destroy'd
                   ,
                   then
                   of
                   such
                   as
                   were
                   so
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   it
                   s
                   very
                   probable
                   that
                   those
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   especially
                   ,
                   were
                   of
                   the
                   number
                   ,
                   whose
                   Inhabitants
                   lye
                   under
                   the
                   South
                   Pole
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Country
                   for
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   without
                   Rain
                   :
                   Or
                   if
                   all
                   that
                   had
                   Life
                   generally
                   perisht
                   (
                   as
                   some
                   affirm
                   )
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Earth
                   produc'd
                   Animals
                   anew
                   ;
                   yet
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   notwithstanding
                   this
                   ,
                   the
                   chief
                   production
                   of
                   things
                   animated
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   ascribed
                   to
                   this
                   Country
                   .
                   For
                   they
                   affirm
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   the
                   Showers
                   which
                   fall
                   in
                   any
                   other
                   Places
                   ,
                   were
                   warm'd
                   with
                   the
                   same
                   Heat
                   that
                   is
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   the
                   Air
                   would
                   be
                   of
                   that
                   Temperature
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   it
                   would
                   aptly
                   conduce
                   to
                   the
                   Generation
                   of
                   Animals
                   ,
                   as
                   at
                   first
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   the
                   World.
                   For
                   even
                   at
                   this
                   day
                   ,
                   such
                   Births
                   may
                   be
                   seen
                   (
                   in
                   the
                   Waters
                   that
                   have
                   lain
                   long
                   )
                   over
                   all
                   the
                   water'd
                   Country
                   of
                   Egypt
                   .
                   For
                   they
                   affirm
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   the
                   River
                   returns
                   into
                   its
                   Channel
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Sun
                   dries
                   the
                   Mud
                   ,
                   living
                   Creatures
                   are
                   generated
                   ,
                   some
                   perfect
                   ,
                   others
                   half
                   form'd
                   ,
                   even
                   cleaving
                   to
                   the
                   Soyl
                   whence
                   they
                   are
                   produc'd
                   .
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   first
                   Generation
                   of
                   Men
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   therefore
                   contemplating
                   the
                   Beauty
                   of
                   the
                   Superior
                   World
                   ,
                   and
                   admiring
                   with
                   astonishment
                   the
                   frame
                   and
                   order
                   of
                   the
                   Universe
                   ,
                   judg'd
                   there
                   were
                   Two
                   chief
                   Gods
                   that
                   were
                   Eternal
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   
                   say
                   ,
                   The
                   Sun
                   and
                   the
                   Moon
                   ,
                   the
                   first
                   of
                   which
                   they
                   call'd
                   Osiris
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   Isis
                   ,
                   both
                   Names
                   having
                   proper
                   Etymologies
                   ;
                   for
                   Osiris
                   in
                   the
                   Greek
                   Language
                   ,
                   signifies
                   a
                   Thing
                   with
                   many
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   which
                   may
                   be
                   very
                   properly
                   apply'd
                   to
                   the
                   Sun
                   darting
                   his
                   Rays
                   into
                   every
                   Corner
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   with
                   so
                   many
                   Eyes
                   viewing
                   and
                   surveying
                   the
                   whole
                   Land
                   and
                   Sea
                   ,
                   with
                   which
                   agrees
                   the
                   Poet
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                     .
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Sun
                     from
                     's
                     lofty
                     Sphear
                     all
                     sees
                     and
                     hears
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Some
                   also
                   of
                   the
                   antient
                   Greek
                   Mythologists
                   call
                   
                     Osiris
                     Dionysus
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   sirname
                   him
                   Sirius
                   ,
                   amongst
                   whom
                   Eumolphus
                   in
                   his
                   Bacchanal
                   Verses
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Dionysus
                     darts
                     his
                     Fiery
                     Rays
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   And
                   Orpheus
                   ;
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     He
                     's
                     call'd
                     Phanetes
                     and
                     Dionysus
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Some
                   likewise
                   set
                   him
                   forth
                   cloath'd
                   with
                   the
                   spotted
                   Skin
                   of
                   a
                   Fawn
                   (
                   call'd
                   Nebris
                   )
                   from
                   the
                   variety
                   of
                   Stars
                   that
                   surround
                   him
                   .
                
                 
                   Isis
                   likewise
                   being
                   interpreted
                   ,
                   signifies
                   Antient
                   ,
                   that
                   Name
                   being
                   ascrib'd
                   to
                   the
                   Moon
                   from
                   Eternal
                   Generations
                   .
                   They
                   add
                   likewise
                   to
                   her
                   ,
                   Horns
                   ,
                   because
                   her
                   Aspect
                   is
                   such
                   in
                   her
                   Increase
                   and
                   in
                   her
                   Decrease
                   ,
                   representing
                   a
                   Sickle
                   ;
                   and
                   because
                   an
                   Ox
                   among
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   is
                   offer'd
                   to
                   her
                   in
                   Sacrifice
                   .
                   They
                   hold
                   that
                   these
                   Gods
                   govern
                   the
                   whole
                   World
                   ,
                   cherishing
                   and
                   increasing
                   all
                   things
                   ;
                   and
                   divide
                   the
                   Year
                   into
                   Three
                   Parts
                   (
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   Spring
                   ,
                   Summer
                   and
                   Autumn
                   )
                   by
                   an
                   invisible
                   Motion
                   perfecting
                   their
                   constant
                   Course
                   in
                   that
                   time
                   :
                   And
                   though
                   they
                   are
                   in
                   their
                   Natures
                   very
                   differing
                   one
                   from
                   another
                   ,
                   yet
                   they
                   compleat
                   the
                   whole
                   Year
                   with
                   a
                   most
                   excellent
                   Harmony
                   and
                   Consent
                   .
                   They
                   say
                   that
                   these
                   Gods
                   in
                   their
                   Natures
                   do
                   contribute
                   much
                   to
                   the
                   Generation
                   of
                   all
                   things
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   being
                   of
                   a
                   hot
                   and
                   active
                   Nature
                   ,
                   the
                   other
                   moist
                   and
                   *
                   cold
                   ,
                   but
                   both
                   having
                   something
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   by
                   these
                   ,
                   all
                   things
                   are
                   both
                   brought
                   forth
                   and
                   nourish'd
                   :
                   And
                   therefore
                   that
                   every
                   particular
                   Being
                   in
                   the
                   Universe
                   is
                   perfected
                   and
                   compleated
                   by
                   the
                   Sun
                   and
                   Moon
                   ,
                   whose
                   Qualities
                   ,
                   as
                   before
                   declar'd
                   ,
                   are
                   Five
                   ;
                   A
                   Spirit
                   or
                   quickning
                   Efficacy
                   ,
                   Heat
                   or
                   Fire
                   ,
                   Dryness
                   or
                   Earth
                   ,
                   Moisture
                   or
                   Water
                   ,
                   and
                   Air
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   World
                   does
                   consist
                   ,
                   as
                   a
                   Man
                   made
                   up
                   of
                   Head
                   ,
                   Hands
                   ,
                   Feet
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   parts
                   .
                   These
                   Five
                   they
                   reputed
                   for
                   Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   People
                   of
                   Egypt
                   who
                   were
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   spoke
                   articulately
                   ,
                   gave
                   Names
                   proper
                   to
                   their
                   several
                   Natures
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Language
                   they
                   then
                   spake
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   they
                   call'd
                   the
                   Spirit
                   Jupiter
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   such
                   by
                   Interpretation
                   ,
                   because
                   
                   a
                   quickning
                   Influence
                   is
                   deriv'd
                   from
                   this
                   into
                   all
                   Living
                   Creatures
                   ,
                   as
                   from
                   the
                   original
                   Principle
                   ;
                   and
                   upon
                   that
                   account
                   he
                   is
                   esteem'd
                   the
                   common
                   Parent
                   of
                   all
                   things
                   .
                   And
                   to
                   this
                   the
                   most
                   famous
                   Poet
                   of
                   the
                   Greeks
                   gives
                   Testimony
                   ,
                   where
                   speaking
                   of
                   this
                   God
                   he
                   says
                   —
                
                 
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                     .
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Of
                     Men
                     and
                     Gods
                     the
                     Father
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Fire
                   they
                   call'd
                   by
                   Interpretation
                   Vulcan
                   ,
                   and
                   him
                   they
                   had
                   in
                   Veneration
                   as
                   a
                   Great
                   God
                   ,
                   as
                   he
                   that
                   greatly
                   contributed
                   to
                   the
                   Generation
                   and
                   Perfection
                   of
                   
                   all
                   Beings
                   whatsoever
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Earth
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Common
                   Womb
                   of
                   all
                   Productions
                   ,
                   they
                   call'd
                   Metera
                   ,
                   as
                   
                   the
                   Greeks
                   in
                   process
                   of
                   time
                   ,
                   by
                   a
                   small
                   alteration
                   of
                   one
                   Letter
                   ,
                   and
                   an
                   omission
                   of
                   Two
                   Letters
                   ,
                   call'd
                   the
                   Earth
                   Demetra
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   antiently
                   call'd
                   
                     Gen
                     Metera
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   
                     Mother
                     Earth
                  
                   ,
                   as
                   Orpheus
                   attests
                   in
                   this
                   Verse
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Mother
                     Earth
                     Demeter
                     also
                     call'd
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Brings
                     forth
                     most
                     richly
                     —
                  
                
                 
                 
                   Water
                   or
                   Moisture
                   ,
                   the
                   Antients
                   call'd
                   Oceanus
                   ;
                   which
                   by
                   Interpretation
                   is
                   a
                   
                   nourishing
                   Mother
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   taken
                   by
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Grecians
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   Poet
                   says
                   thus
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                     .
                     
                  
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Father
                     of
                     the
                     Gods
                     the
                     Ocean
                     is
                  
                   
                     Tethys
                     the
                     Mother
                     call'd
                     —
                  
                
                 
                   But
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   account
                   their
                   Nile
                   to
                   be
                   Oceanus
                   ,
                   at
                   which
                   all
                   the
                   Gods
                   were
                   Born.
                   For
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   only
                   among
                   all
                   the
                   Countries
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   are
                   many
                   Cities
                   built
                   by
                   the
                   ancient
                   Gods
                   ,
                   as
                   by
                   
                     Jupiter
                     ,
                     Sol
                     ,
                     Mercury
                     ,
                     Apollo
                     ,
                     Pan
                     ,
                     Elithia
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   many
                   others
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   the
                   Air
                   they
                   gave
                   the
                   Name
                   of
                   Minerva
                   ,
                   signifying
                   something
                   proper
                   
                   to
                   the
                   nature
                   thereof
                   ,
                   and
                   call'd
                   her
                   the
                   Daughter
                   of
                   Jupiter
                   ,
                   and
                   counted
                   a
                   Virgin
                   ,
                   because
                   the
                   Air
                   naturally
                   is
                   not
                   subject
                   to
                   Corruption
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   in
                   the
                   highest
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Universe
                   ;
                   whence
                   rises
                   the
                   Fable
                   ,
                   that
                   she
                   was
                   the
                   Issue
                   of
                   
                   Jupiter's
                   Brain
                   :
                   They
                   say
                   she
                   's
                   call'd
                   also
                   Tritogeneia
                   ,
                   or
                   Thrice
                   Begotten
                   ,
                   because
                   she
                   changes
                   her
                   natural
                   Qualities
                   thrice
                   in
                   the
                   Year
                   ,
                   the
                   Spring
                   ,
                   Summer
                   and
                   Winter
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   she
                   was
                   call'd
                   Glaucopis
                   ,
                   not
                   that
                   she
                   hath
                   Grey
                   Eyes
                   (
                   as
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Greeks
                   have
                   suppos'd
                   ,
                   for
                   that
                   's
                   a
                   weak
                   Conceit
                   )
                   but
                   because
                   the
                   Air
                   seems
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   a
                   Grey
                   Colour
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   view
                   .
                   They
                   report
                   likewise
                   ,
                   that
                   these
                   Five
                   Gods
                   travel
                   through
                   the
                   whole
                   World
                   ,
                   representing
                   themselves
                   to
                   Men
                   sometimes
                   in
                   the
                   shapes
                   of
                   Sacred
                   living
                   Creatures
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   in
                   the
                   Form
                   of
                   Men
                   ,
                   or
                   some
                   other
                   Representation
                   .
                   And
                   this
                   is
                   not
                   a
                   Fable
                   ,
                   but
                   very
                   possible
                   ,
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   true
                   ,
                   that
                   these
                   generate
                   all
                   things
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   *
                   Poet
                   who
                   travell'd
                   into
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   in
                   some
                   part
                   of
                   his
                   Works
                   ,
                   affirms
                   this
                   Appearance
                   ,
                   as
                   he
                   learnt
                   it
                   from
                   their
                   Priests
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Gods
                     also
                     like
                     Strangers
                     come
                     from
                     far
                     ,
                  
                   
                     In
                     divers
                     Shapes
                     within
                     the
                     Towns
                     appear
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Viewing
                     Mens
                     good
                     and
                     wicked
                     Acts
                     :
                     —
                  
                
                 
                   And
                   these
                   are
                   the
                   Stories
                   told
                   by
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   of
                   the
                   Heavenly
                   and
                   Immortal
                   
                   Gods.
                   And
                   besides
                   these
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   there
                   are
                   others
                   that
                   are
                   Terrestrial
                   ,
                   which
                   were
                   begotten
                   of
                   these
                   former
                   Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   were
                   Originally
                   Mortal
                   Men
                   ,
                   but
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   their
                   Wisdom
                   and
                   Beneficence
                   to
                   all
                   Mankind
                   ,
                   have
                   obtain'd
                   Immortality
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   some
                   have
                   been
                   Kings
                   of
                   Egypt
                   .
                   Some
                   of
                   whom
                   by
                   Interpretation
                   ,
                   have
                   had
                   the
                   same
                   Names
                   with
                   the
                   Celestial
                   Gods
                   ,
                   others
                   have
                   kept
                   their
                   own
                   proper
                   Names
                   .
                   For
                   they
                   report
                   that
                   
                     Sol
                     ,
                     Saturn
                     ,
                     Rhea
                     ,
                     Jupiter
                     ,
                  
                   (
                   surnam'd
                   by
                   some
                   
                     Ammon
                     )
                     Juno
                     ,
                     Vulcan
                     ,
                     Vesta
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   lastly
                   ,
                   Mercury
                   ,
                   reign'd
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   Sol
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   King
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   whose
                   Name
                   was
                   the
                   same
                   with
                   the
                   Celestial
                   Planet
                   call'd
                   Sol.
                   
                
                 
                   But
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Priests
                   who
                   affirm
                   Vulcan
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   first
                   of
                   their
                   
                   Kings
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   advanc'd
                   to
                   that
                   Dignity
                   upon
                   the
                   account
                   of
                   being
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   sound
                   out
                   the
                   use
                   of
                   Fire
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   so
                   beneficial
                   to
                   all
                   Mankind
                   .
                   For
                   a
                   Tree
                   in
                   the
                   Mountains
                   hapning
                   to
                   be
                   set
                   on
                   Fire
                   by
                   Lightning
                   ,
                   the
                   Wood
                   next
                   adjoyning
                   was
                   presently
                   all
                   in
                   a
                   Flame
                   ;
                   and
                   Vulcan
                   thereupon
                   coming
                   to
                   the
                   Place
                   ,
                   was
                   mightily
                   refresht
                   by
                   the
                   heat
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   being
                   then
                   Winter
                   Season
                   ;
                   and
                   when
                   the
                   Fire
                   began
                   to
                   fail
                   ,
                   he
                   added
                   more
                   combustible
                   Matter
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   preserving
                   it
                   ,
                   call'd
                   in
                   other
                   Men
                   to
                   enjoy
                   the
                   Benefit
                   of
                   that
                   which
                   he
                   himself
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   Inventer
                   ,
                   as
                   he
                   gave
                   out
                   .
                
                 
                   Afterwards
                   they
                   say
                   Saturn
                   reign'd
                   ,
                   and
                   marry'd
                   his
                   Sister
                   
                   Rhea
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   he
                   begat
                   of
                   her
                   Osiris
                   and
                   Isis
                   ;
                   but
                   others
                   say
                   ,
                   Jupiter
                   and
                   Juno
                   ,
                   who
                   for
                   their
                   great
                   Virtues
                   ,
                   rul'd
                   over
                   all
                   the
                   World.
                   That
                   of
                   Jupiter
                   and
                   Juno
                   were
                   born
                   Five
                   Gods
                   ,
                   one
                   upon
                   every
                   day
                   of
                   the
                   Five
                   Egyptian
                   †
                   intercalary
                   Days
                   .
                   The
                   Names
                   of
                   these
                   Gods
                   are
                   
                     Osiris
                     ,
                     Isis
                     ,
                     Typhon
                     ,
                     Apollo
                  
                   and
                   Venus
                   .
                   That
                   Osiris
                   was
                   interpreted
                   Bacchus
                   ,
                   and
                   Isis
                   plainly
                   Ceres
                   .
                   That
                   Osiris
                   marry'd
                   Isis
                   ,
                   and
                   after
                   he
                   came
                   to
                   the
                   
                   Kingdom
                   ,
                   did
                   much
                   ,
                   and
                   perform'd
                   many
                   things
                   for
                   the
                   common
                   
                   Benefit
                   and
                   Advantage
                   of
                   Mankind
                   .
                   For
                   he
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   forbad
                   Men
                   eating
                   one
                   another
                   ;
                   and
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   Isis
                   found
                   out
                   the
                   way
                   of
                   making
                   of
                   Bread
                   of
                   Wheat
                   and
                   Barley
                   ,
                   which
                   before
                   grew
                   here
                   and
                   there
                   in
                   the
                   Fields
                   amongst
                   other
                   common
                   Herbs
                   and
                   Grass
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   use
                   of
                   it
                   unknown
                   :
                   And
                   Osiris
                   teaching
                   the
                   way
                   and
                   manner
                   of
                   Tillage
                   ,
                   and
                   well
                   management
                   of
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   this
                   change
                   of
                   Food
                   became
                   grateful
                   ;
                   both
                   because
                   it
                   was
                   naturally
                   sweet
                   and
                   delicious
                   ,
                   and
                   Men
                   were
                   thereby
                   restrain'd
                   from
                   the
                   mutual
                   Butcheries
                   one
                   of
                   another
                   :
                   For
                   an
                   evidence
                   of
                   this
                   first
                   finding
                   out
                   the
                   use
                   of
                   these
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   they
                   alledge
                   an
                   antient
                   Custom
                   amongst
                   them
                   :
                   For
                   even
                   at
                   this
                   day
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   Harvest
                   ,
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   offer
                   the
                   first
                   Fruits
                   of
                   the
                   Ears
                   of
                   Corn
                   ,
                   howling
                   and
                   wailing
                   about
                   the
                   Handfuls
                   they
                   offer
                   ,
                   and
                   invoking
                   this
                   Goddess
                   Isis
                   :
                   And
                   this
                   they
                   do
                   in
                   return
                   of
                   due
                   Honour
                   to
                   her
                   for
                   that
                   Invention
                   at
                   the
                   first
                   .
                   In
                   some
                   Cities
                   also
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   celebrate
                   the
                   Feast
                   of
                   Isis
                   in
                   a
                   Pompous
                   Procession
                   ,
                   they
                   carry
                   about
                   Vessels
                   of
                   Wheat
                   and
                   Barley
                   ,
                   in
                   memory
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Invention
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   care
                   and
                   industry
                   of
                   this
                   Goddess
                   .
                   They
                   say
                   likewise
                   ,
                   that
                   Isis
                   made
                   many
                   Laws
                   for
                   the
                   good
                   of
                   Human
                   Society
                   ,
                   whereby
                   Men
                   were
                   restrain'd
                   from
                   lawless
                   Force
                   and
                   Violence
                   one
                   upon
                   another
                   ,
                   out
                   of
                   fear
                   of
                   Punishment
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   Ceres
                   was
                   call'd
                   by
                   the
                   ancient
                   
                     Greeks
                     ,
                     Themophorus
                  
                   (
                   that
                   is
                   )
                   Lawgiver
                   ,
                   being
                   the
                   Princess
                   that
                   first
                   constituted
                   Laws
                   for
                   the
                   better
                   Government
                   of
                   her
                   People
                   .
                
                 
                   Osiris
                   moreover
                   built
                   Thebes
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   with
                   an
                   Hundred
                   Gates
                   ,
                   and
                   call'd
                   it
                   
                   after
                   his
                   Mother's
                   Name
                   :
                   But
                   in
                   following
                   Times
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   call'd
                   Diospolis
                   ,
                   and
                   Thebes
                   ;
                   of
                   whose
                   first
                   Founder
                   not
                   only
                   Historians
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Priests
                   of
                   Egypt
                   themselves
                   ,
                   are
                   much
                   in
                   doubt
                   .
                   For
                   some
                   say
                   that
                   it
                   was
                   not
                   built
                   by
                   Osiris
                   ,
                   but
                   many
                   Years
                   after
                   by
                   a
                   King
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   whose
                   History
                   we
                   shall
                   treat
                   of
                   hereafter
                   in
                   its
                   proper
                   place
                   .
                   They
                   report
                   likewise
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   built
                   Two
                   magnificent
                   Temples
                   ,
                   and
                   Dedicated
                   them
                   to
                   his
                   Parents
                   ,
                   Jupiter
                   and
                   Juno
                   ;
                   and
                   likewise
                   Two
                   Golden
                   *
                   Altars
                   ,
                   the
                   greater
                   to
                   the
                   great
                   God
                   Jupiter
                   ;
                   the
                   other
                   to
                   his
                   Father
                   Jupiter
                   ,
                   who
                   had
                   formerly
                   reign'd
                   there
                   ,
                   whom
                   they
                   call
                   Ammon
                   .
                   That
                   he
                   also
                   erected
                   Golden
                   Altars
                   to
                   other
                   Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   instituted
                   their
                   several
                   Rites
                   of
                   Worship
                   ,
                   and
                   appointed
                   Priests
                   to
                   have
                   the
                   Oversight
                   and
                   Care
                   of
                   the
                   Holy
                   things
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   Osiris
                   and
                   Isis
                   ,
                   Projectors
                   and
                   ingenious
                   Artists
                   were
                   in
                   great
                   Honour
                   and
                   Esteem
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   in
                   Thebes
                   there
                   were
                   then
                   Goldsmiths
                   and
                   Braziers
                   ,
                   who
                   made
                   Arms
                   and
                   Weapons
                   for
                   the
                   Killing
                   of
                   Wild
                   Beasts
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Instruments
                   for
                   the
                   husbanding
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   improvement
                   of
                   Tillage
                   ;
                   besides
                   Images
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   Altars
                   in
                   Gold.
                   They
                   say
                   that
                   Osiris
                   was
                   much
                   given
                   to
                   Husbandry
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Jupiter
                   ,
                   brought
                   up
                   in
                   Nisa
                   ,
                   a
                   Town
                   of
                   Arabia
                   the
                   Happy
                   ,
                   near
                   to
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   call'd
                   by
                   the
                   
                     Greeks
                     Dionysus
                  
                   ,
                   from
                   his
                   Father
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Place
                   of
                   his
                   Education
                   .
                   *
                   The
                   Poet
                   in
                   his
                   Hymns
                   makes
                   mention
                   of
                   Nysa
                   ,
                   as
                   bordering
                   upon
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   where
                   he
                   says
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     Far
                     off
                     from
                     Phenice
                     stands
                     the
                     Sacred
                     Nyse
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Where
                     Streams
                     of
                     
                     Eygypt's
                     Nile
                     begin
                     to
                     rise
                     ,
                  
                   
                     On
                     Mountain
                     high
                     with
                     pleasant
                     Woods
                     adorn'd
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Here
                   near
                   unto
                   Nyse
                   ,
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   he
                   found
                   out
                   the
                   use
                   of
                   the
                   Vine
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   planting
                   it
                   ,
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   drank
                   Wine
                   ;
                   and
                   taught
                   others
                   how
                   to
                   plant
                   it
                   and
                   use
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   gather
                   in
                   their
                   Vintage
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   keep
                   and
                   preserve
                   it
                   .
                   Above
                   all
                   others
                   ,
                   he
                   most
                   honoured
                   †
                   Hermes
                   ,
                   one
                   of
                   an
                   admirable
                   Ingenuity
                   ,
                   and
                   quick
                   Invention
                   ,
                   in
                   finding
                   out
                   what
                   might
                   be
                   useful
                   to
                   Mankind
                   .
                   This
                   Hermes
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   (
                   as
                   they
                   report
                   )
                   that
                   taught
                   how
                   to
                   speak
                   distinctly
                   and
                   articulately
                   ,
                   and
                   gave
                   Names
                   to
                   many
                   things
                   that
                   had
                   none
                   before
                   .
                   He
                   found
                   out
                   Letters
                   ,
                   and
                   instituted
                   the
                   Worship
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   ;
                   and
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   observ'd
                   the
                   Motion
                   of
                   the
                   Stars
                   ,
                   and
                   invented
                   Musick
                   ;
                   and
                   taught
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   Wrestling
                   ;
                   and
                   invented
                   Arithmetick
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   curious
                   *
                   Graving
                   and
                   Cutting
                   of
                   Statues
                   .
                   He
                   first
                   found
                   out
                   the
                   Harp
                   with
                   Three
                   Strings
                   ,
                   in
                   resemblance
                   of
                   the
                   Three
                   Seasons
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   ,
                   causing
                   Three
                   several
                   Sounds
                   ,
                   the
                   Treble
                   ,
                   Base
                   and
                   Mean.
                   The
                   Treble
                   ,
                   
                   to
                   represent
                   the
                   Summer
                   ;
                   The
                   Base
                   ,
                   the
                   Winter
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Mean
                   ,
                   the
                   Spring
                   .
                   He
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   taught
                   the
                   Greeks
                   Eloquence
                   ;
                   thence
                   he
                   's
                   call'd
                   Hermes
                   ,
                   a
                   Speaker
                   or
                   Interpreter
                   .
                   To
                   conclude
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   
                   Osiris's
                   *
                   Sacred
                   Scribe
                   ,
                   to
                   whom
                   he
                   communicated
                   all
                   his
                   Secrets
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   chiefly
                   steer'd
                   by
                   his
                   Advice
                   in
                   every
                   thing
                   .
                   He
                   (
                   not
                   Minerva
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Greeks
                   affirm
                   )
                   found
                   out
                   the
                   use
                   of
                   the
                   Olive-tree
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   making
                   of
                   Oyl
                   .
                   It
                   's
                   moreover
                   reported
                   ,
                   that
                   Osiris
                   being
                   a
                   Prince
                   of
                   a
                   publick
                   Spirit
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   ambitious
                   of
                   Glory
                   ,
                   rais'd
                   a
                   great
                   Army
                   ,
                   with
                   which
                   he
                   resolv'd
                   to
                   go
                   through
                   all
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   that
                   were
                   inhabited
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   teach
                   Men
                   how
                   to
                   plant
                   Vines
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   sow
                   Wheat
                   and
                   Barly
                   .
                   For
                   he
                   hop'd
                   that
                   if
                   he
                   could
                   civilize
                   Men
                   ,
                   and
                   take
                   them
                   off
                   from
                   their
                   rude
                   and
                   Beast-like
                   Course
                   of
                   Lives
                   ,
                   by
                   such
                   a
                   publick
                   good
                   and
                   advantage
                   ,
                   he
                   should
                   raise
                   a
                   Foundation
                   amongst
                   all
                   Mankind
                   ,
                   for
                   his
                   immortal
                   Praise
                   and
                   Honour
                   ,
                   which
                   happen'd
                   accordingly
                   .
                   For
                   not
                   only
                   that
                   Age
                   ,
                   but
                   Posterity
                   ever
                   after
                   honour'd
                   those
                   among
                   the
                   chiefest
                   of
                   their
                   Gods
                   ,
                   that
                   first
                   found
                   out
                   their
                   proper
                   and
                   ordinary
                   Food
                   .
                   Having
                   therefore
                   settl'd
                   his
                   Affairs
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   and
                   committed
                   the
                   Government
                   of
                   his
                   whole
                   Kingdom
                   to
                   his
                   Wife
                   Isis
                   ,
                   he
                   join'd
                   with
                   her
                   Mercury
                   ,
                   as
                   her
                   chief
                   Councellor
                   of
                   State
                   ,
                   because
                   he
                   far
                   excell'd
                   all
                   others
                   in
                   Wisdom
                   and
                   Prudence
                   .
                   But
                   Hercules
                   his
                   near
                   Kinsman
                   ,
                   he
                   left
                   General
                   of
                   all
                   his
                   Forces
                   within
                   his
                   Dominions
                   ,
                   a
                   Man
                   admir'd
                   by
                   all
                   for
                   his
                   Valour
                   and
                   Strength
                   of
                   Body
                   .
                   As
                   to
                   those
                   parts
                   which
                   lay
                   near
                   Phaenicia
                   ,
                   and
                   upon
                   the
                   Sea-Coasts
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   he
                   made
                   Busiris
                   Lord
                   Lieutenant
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   Ethiopia
                   and
                   
                     Lybia
                     ,
                     Anteus
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Then
                   marching
                   out
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   he
                   began
                   his
                   Expedition
                   ,
                   taking
                   along
                   with
                   him
                   his
                   Brother
                   ,
                   whom
                   the
                   Greeks
                   call'd
                   Apollo
                   .
                   This
                   Apollo
                   is
                   reported
                   to
                   have
                   discover'd
                   the
                   Laurel-Tree
                   ,
                   which
                   all
                   Dedicate
                   especially
                   to
                   this
                   God.
                   To
                   Osiris
                   they
                   attribute
                   the
                   finding
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Ivy-Tree
                   ,
                   and
                   dedicate
                   it
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Greeks
                   do
                   to
                   Bacchus
                   :
                   And
                   therefore
                   in
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Tongue
                   ,
                   they
                   call
                   Ivy
                   
                   Osiris's
                   Plant
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   prefer
                   before
                   the
                   Vine
                   in
                   all
                   their
                   Sacrifices
                   ,
                   because
                   this
                   loses
                   its
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   always
                   continues
                   fresh
                   and
                   green
                   :
                   Which
                   Rule
                   the
                   Ancients
                   have
                   observ'd
                   in
                   other
                   Plants
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   always
                   green
                   ,
                   dedicating
                   Mirtle
                   to
                   Venus
                   ,
                   Laurel
                   to
                   Apollo
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Olive-Tree
                   to
                   Pallas
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   's
                   said
                   ,
                   that
                   Two
                   of
                   his
                   Sons
                   accompany'd
                   their
                   Father
                   Osiris
                   in
                   this
                   Expedition
                   ,
                   one
                   call'd
                   Anubis
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   Macedo
                   ,
                   both
                   valiant
                   Men
                   :
                   Both
                   of
                   them
                   wore
                   Coats
                   of
                   Mail
                   ,
                   that
                   were
                   extraordinary
                   remarkable
                   ,
                   cover'd
                   with
                   the
                   Skins
                   of
                   such
                   Creatures
                   as
                   resembled
                   them
                   in
                   Stoutness
                   and
                   Valour
                   .
                   Anubis
                   was
                   cover'd
                   with
                   a
                   Dog
                   's
                   ,
                   and
                   Macedon
                   with
                   the
                   Skin
                   of
                   a
                   Wolf
                   ;
                   and
                   for
                   this
                   reason
                   these
                   Beasts
                   are
                   religiously
                   ador'd
                   by
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   .
                   He
                   had
                   likewise
                   for
                   his
                   Companion
                   ,
                   †
                   Pan
                   ,
                   whom
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   have
                   in
                   great
                   Veneration
                   ;
                   for
                   they
                   not
                   only
                   set
                   up
                   Images
                   and
                   Statues
                   up
                   and
                   down
                   in
                   every
                   Temple
                   ,
                   but
                   built
                   a
                   City
                   in
                   Thebides
                   after
                   his
                   Name
                   ,
                   call'd
                   by
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   †
                   Chemmin
                   ,
                   which
                   by
                   interpretation
                   is
                   
                   
                   Pan's
                   City
                   .
                   There
                   went
                   along
                   with
                   them
                   likewise
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   skilful
                   in
                   Husbandry
                   ,
                   as
                   Maro
                   in
                   the
                   planting
                   of
                   Vines
                   ,
                   and
                   Triptolemus
                   in
                   sowing
                   of
                   Corn
                   ,
                   and
                   gathering
                   in
                   the
                   Harvest
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   II.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Continuance
                     of
                     
                     Osiris's
                     Expedition
                     through
                     Ethiopia
                     ,
                     all
                     
                       Arabia
                       ,
                       India
                    
                     and
                     Europe
                     .
                     Buried
                     by
                     Isis
                     and
                     Mercury
                     .
                     How
                     he
                     was
                     kill'd
                     .
                     His
                     Death
                     reveng'd
                     by
                     Isis
                     and
                     Orus
                     .
                     Two
                     Bulls
                     ,
                     Apis
                     and
                     Mnevis
                     ,
                     worshipp'd
                     in
                     Egypt
                     .
                     Places
                     discuss'd
                     where
                     Osiris
                     and
                     Isis
                     were
                     Buried
                     .
                     Histories
                     of
                     the
                     Egyptian
                     Priests
                     .
                     Their
                     Tears
                     ,
                     Lunar
                     Tears
                     .
                     Giants
                     .
                     Laws
                     about
                     Marriage
                     .
                     Osiris
                     and
                     Isis
                     ,
                     their
                     Pillars
                     and
                     Inscriptions
                     .
                     Colonies
                     out
                     of
                     Egypt
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   ALL
                   things
                   being
                   now
                   prepar'd
                   ,
                   Osiris
                   having
                   vow'd
                   to
                   the
                   Gods
                   to
                   let
                   his
                   Hair
                   grow
                   till
                   he
                   return'd
                   into
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   marcht
                   away
                   through
                   Aethiopia
                   ;
                   and
                   for
                   that
                   very
                   Reason
                   it
                   's
                   a
                   piece
                   of
                   Religion
                   ,
                   and
                   practis'd
                   among
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   at
                   this
                   Day
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   that
                   travel
                   Abroad
                   ,
                   suffer
                   their
                   Hair
                   to
                   grow
                   ,
                   till
                   they
                   return
                   Home
                   .
                   As
                   he
                   pass'd
                   through
                   Ethiopia
                   ,
                   a
                   Company
                   of
                   Satyrs
                   were
                   
                   presented
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   who
                   (
                   as
                   it
                   's
                   reported
                   )
                   were
                   all
                   Hairy
                   down
                   to
                   their
                   Loyns
                   :
                   For
                   Osiris
                   was
                   a
                   Man
                   given
                   to
                   Mirth
                   and
                   Jollity
                   ,
                   and
                   took
                   great
                   pleasure
                   in
                   Musick
                   and
                   Dancing
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   carry'd
                   along
                   with
                   him
                   a
                   Train
                   of
                   Musicians
                   ,
                   of
                   whom
                   Nine
                   were
                   Virgins
                   ,
                   most
                   Excellent
                   Singers
                   ,
                   and
                   expert
                   in
                   many
                   other
                   things
                   (
                   whom
                   the
                   Greeks
                   call
                   Muses
                   )
                   of
                   whom
                   Apollo
                   was
                   the
                   Captain
                   ;
                   and
                   thence
                   call'd
                   the
                   *
                   Leader
                   of
                   the
                   Muses
                   :
                   Upon
                   this
                   account
                   the
                   Satyrs
                   ,
                   who
                   are
                   natuturally
                   inclin'd
                   to
                   skipping
                   ,
                   dancing
                   and
                   singing
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   other
                   sorts
                   of
                   Mirth
                   ,
                   were
                   taken
                   in
                   as
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Army
                   :
                   For
                   Osiris
                   was
                   not
                   for
                   War
                   ,
                   nor
                   came
                   to
                   fight
                   Battels
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   decide
                   Controversies
                   by
                   the
                   Sword
                   ,
                   every
                   Country
                   receiving
                   him
                   for
                   his
                   Merits
                   and
                   Virtues
                   ,
                   as
                   a
                   God.
                   In
                   Ethiopia
                   having
                   instructed
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   in
                   Husbandry
                   ,
                   and
                   Tillage
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   built
                   several
                   stately
                   Cities
                   among
                   them
                   ,
                   he
                   left
                   there
                   behind
                   him
                   some
                   to
                   be
                   Governors
                   of
                   the
                   Country
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   to
                   be
                   Gatherers
                   of
                   his
                   Tribute
                   .
                
                 
                   While
                   they
                   were
                   thus
                   imploy'd
                   't
                   is
                   said
                   that
                   the
                   River
                   Nile
                   ,
                   about
                   the
                   Dog-days
                   
                   (
                   at
                   which
                   time
                   it
                   uses
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   highest
                   )
                   broke
                   down
                   its
                   Banks
                   ,
                   and
                   over-flow'd
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   part
                   especially
                   where
                   Prometheus
                   govern'd
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   as
                   almost
                   all
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   were
                   drown'd
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   Prometheus
                   was
                   near
                   unto
                   Killing
                   of
                   himself
                   for
                   very
                   grief
                   of
                   heart
                   ;
                   and
                   from
                   the
                   sudden
                   and
                   violent
                   Eruption
                   of
                   the
                   Waters
                   ,
                   the
                   River
                   was
                   call'd
                   †
                   Eagle
                   .
                
                 
                   Hercules
                   ,
                   who
                   was
                   always
                   for
                   high
                   and
                   difficult
                   Enterprizes
                   ,
                   and
                   ever
                   of
                   a
                   stout
                   Spirit
                   ,
                   presently
                   made
                   up
                   the
                   Breaches
                   ,
                   and
                   turn'd
                   the
                   River
                   into
                   its
                   Channel
                   ,
                   and
                   kept
                   in
                   within
                   its
                   ancient
                   Banks
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Greek
                   Poets
                   from
                   this
                   fact
                   have
                   forg'd
                   a
                   Fable
                   ,
                   That
                   Hercules
                   *
                   kill'd
                   the
                   Eagle
                   that
                   fed
                   upon
                   Prometheus
                   his
                   Heart
                   .
                   The
                   most
                   ancient
                   Name
                   of
                   this
                   River
                   was
                   Oceames
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   the
                   Greek
                   pronunciation
                   is
                   Oceanus
                   ;
                   afterwards
                   call'd
                   Eagle
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   violent
                   Eruption
                   .
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   call'd
                   Egyptus
                   ,
                   from
                   the
                   Name
                   of
                   a
                   King
                   that
                   there
                   reign'd
                   ;
                   which
                   the
                   Poet
                   attests
                   ,
                   who
                   says
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   
                     In
                     th'
                     River
                     of
                     Egyptus
                     then
                     I
                     plac'd
                  
                   
                     The
                     Gallies
                     swift
                     —
                  
                
                 
                   For
                   near
                   Thonis
                   (
                   as
                   it
                   's
                   call'd
                   )
                   an
                   ancient
                   Mart
                   Town
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   this
                   River
                   empties
                   it self
                   into
                   the
                   Sea.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   last
                   Name
                   which
                   it
                   still
                   retains
                   ,
                   it
                   derives
                   from
                   Nileus
                   ,
                   a
                   King
                   of
                   those
                   Parts
                   .
                
                 
                   Osiris
                   being
                   come
                   to
                   the
                   Borders
                   of
                   Ethiopia
                   ,
                   rais'd
                   high
                   Banks
                   on
                   either
                   side
                   of
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   lest
                   in
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   its
                   Inundation
                   it
                   should
                   overflow
                   the
                   Country
                   more
                   than
                   was
                   convenient
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   it
                   marish
                   and
                   boggy
                   ;
                   and
                   made
                   Floodgates
                   to
                   let
                   in
                   the
                   Water
                   by
                   degrees
                   ,
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   was
                   necessary
                   .
                   Thence
                   he
                   pass'd
                   through
                   Arabia
                   ,
                   bordering
                   upon
                   the
                   Red
                   Sea
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   to
                   India
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   utmost
                   Coasts
                   that
                   were
                   inhabited
                   :
                   He
                   built
                   likewise
                   many
                   Cities
                   in
                   India
                   ,
                   one
                   of
                   which
                   he
                   call'd
                   Nysa
                   ,
                   willing
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   remembrance
                   of
                   that
                   in
                   Egypt
                   where
                   he
                   was
                   brought
                   up
                   .
                   At
                   this
                   Nysa
                   in
                   India
                   ,
                   he
                   planted
                   Ivy
                   ,
                   which
                   grows
                   and
                   remains
                   here
                   only
                   of
                   
                   all
                   other
                   Places
                   in
                   India
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   Parts
                   adjacent
                   .
                   He
                   left
                   likewise
                   many
                   other
                   Marks
                   of
                   his
                   being
                   in
                   those
                   Parts
                   ,
                   by
                   which
                   the
                   latter
                   Inhabitants
                   are
                   induc'd
                   to
                   believe
                   ,
                   and
                   do
                   affirm
                   that
                   this
                   God
                   was
                   born
                   in
                   India
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   likewise
                   addicted
                   himself
                   much
                   to
                   hunting
                   of
                   Elephants
                   ;
                   and
                   took
                   care
                   to
                   have
                   Statues
                   of
                   himself
                   in
                   every
                   place
                   ,
                   as
                   lasting
                   Monuments
                   of
                   his
                   Expedition
                   .
                   Thence
                   passing
                   to
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   Asia
                   ,
                   he
                   transported
                   his
                   Army
                   through
                   the
                   Hellespont
                   into
                   Europe
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   Thrace
                   he
                   kill'd
                   Lycurgus
                   King
                   of
                   the
                   Barbarians
                   ,
                   who
                   oppos'd
                   him
                   in
                   his
                   Designs
                   .
                   Then
                   he
                   order'd
                   Maro
                   (
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   an
                   Old
                   Man
                   )
                   to
                   take
                   care
                   of
                   the
                   Planters
                   in
                   that
                   Country
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   build
                   a
                   City
                   ,
                   and
                   call
                   it
                   Maronea
                   ,
                   after
                   his
                   own
                   Name
                   .
                   Macedon
                   his
                   Son
                   he
                   made
                   King
                   of
                   Macedonia
                   ,
                   so
                   calling
                   it
                   after
                   him
                   .
                   To
                   Triptolemus
                   he
                   appointed
                   the
                   Culture
                   and
                   Tillage
                   of
                   the
                   Land
                   in
                   Attica
                   .
                   To
                   conclude
                   ,
                   Osiris
                   having
                   travell'd
                   through
                   the
                   whole
                   World
                   ,
                   by
                   finding
                   out
                   Food
                   fit
                   and
                   convenient
                   for
                   Man's
                   Body
                   ,
                   was
                   a
                   Benefactor
                   to
                   all
                   Mankind
                   .
                   Where
                   Vines
                   would
                   not
                   grow
                   and
                   be
                   fruitful
                   ,
                   he
                   taught
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   to
                   make
                   Drink
                   of
                   Barley
                   ,
                   little
                   interiour
                   in
                   strength
                   and
                   pleasant
                   Flavour
                   to
                   Wine
                   it self
                   .
                   He
                   brought
                   back
                   with
                   him
                   into
                   Egypt
                   the
                   most
                   pretious
                   and
                   richest
                   things
                   
                   that
                   ever
                   place
                   did
                   afford
                   ;
                   and
                   for
                   the
                   many
                   Benefits
                   and
                   Advantages
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   
                   the
                   Author
                   of
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   common
                   Consent
                   of
                   all
                   Men
                   ,
                   he
                   gain'd
                   the
                   Reward
                   of
                   Immortality
                   and
                   Honour
                   equal
                   to
                   the
                   Heavenly
                   Deities
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   his
                   Death
                   ,
                   Isis
                   and
                   Mercury
                   celebrated
                   his
                   Funeral
                   with
                   Sacrifices
                   and
                   other
                   Divine
                   Honours
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   instituted
                   many
                   Sacred
                   Rites
                   mystical
                   Ceremonies
                   in
                   Memory
                   of
                   the
                   mighty
                   Works
                   wrought
                   by
                   this
                   Hero
                   ,
                   now
                   Deify'd
                   .
                   Antiently
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Priests
                   kept
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   the
                   Death
                   of
                   Osiris
                   secret
                   in
                   their
                   own
                   Registers
                   among
                   themselves
                   ;
                   but
                   in
                   after-times
                   it
                   fell
                   out
                   ,
                   that
                   some
                   that
                   could
                   not
                   hold
                   ,
                   blurted
                   it
                   out
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   it
                   came
                   Abroad
                   .
                   For
                   they
                   say
                   that
                   Osiris
                   ,
                   while
                   he
                   govern'd
                   in
                   Egypt
                   with
                   all
                   Justice
                   imaginable
                   ,
                   was
                   Murder'd
                   by
                   his
                   wicked
                   Brother
                   Typhon
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   
                   he
                   mangled
                   his
                   dead
                   Body
                   into
                   Six
                   and
                   Twenty
                   Pieces
                   ,
                   and
                   gave
                   to
                   each
                   of
                   his
                   Confederates
                   in
                   the
                   Treason
                   a
                   Piece
                   ,
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   to
                   bring
                   them
                   all
                   within
                   the
                   same
                   horrid
                   Guilt
                   ,
                   and
                   thereby
                   the
                   more
                   to
                   ingage
                   them
                   to
                   advance
                   him
                   to
                   the
                   Throne
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   defend
                   and
                   preserve
                   him
                   in
                   the
                   Possession
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   Isis
                   ,
                   the
                   Sister
                   and
                   Wife
                   likewise
                   of
                   Osiris
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   assistance
                   
                   of
                   her
                   Son
                   Orus
                   ,
                   reveng'd
                   his
                   Death
                   upon
                   Typhon
                   and
                   his
                   Complices
                   ,
                   and
                   posses'd
                   her self
                   of
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   of
                   Egypt
                   .
                   It
                   's
                   said
                   the
                   Battel
                   was
                   fought
                   near
                   a
                   River
                   not
                   far
                   off
                   a
                   Town
                   now
                   call'd
                   Antaea
                   in
                   Arabia
                   ,
                   so
                   call'd
                   from
                   Anteus
                   ,
                   whom
                   Hercules
                   slew
                   in
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   Osiris
                   .
                   She
                   found
                   all
                   the
                   Pieces
                   of
                   his
                   Body
                   ,
                   save
                   his
                   Privy
                   Members
                   ;
                   and
                   having
                   a
                   desire
                   to
                   conceal
                   her
                   Husband's
                   Burial
                   ,
                   yet
                   to
                   have
                   him
                   honour'd
                   as
                   a
                   God
                   by
                   all
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   she
                   thus
                   contriv'd
                   it
                   .
                   She
                   clos'd
                   all
                   the
                   Pieces
                   together
                   ,
                   cementing
                   them
                   with
                   Wax
                   and
                   Aromatick
                   Spices
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   brought
                   it
                   to
                   the
                   shape
                   of
                   a
                   Man
                   of
                   the
                   bigness
                   of
                   Osiris
                   ;
                   then
                   she
                   sent
                   for
                   the
                   Priests
                   to
                   her
                   ,
                   one
                   by
                   one
                   ,
                   and
                   swore
                   them
                   all
                   that
                   they
                   should
                   not
                   discover
                   what
                   she
                   should
                   then
                   intrust
                   them
                   with
                   .
                   Then
                   she
                   told
                   them
                   privately
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   only
                   should
                   have
                   the
                   Burial
                   of
                   the
                   King's
                   Body
                   ;
                   and
                   recounting
                   the
                   many
                   good
                   Works
                   he
                   had
                   done
                   ,
                   charg'd
                   them
                   to
                   bury
                   the
                   Body
                   in
                   a
                   proper
                   place
                   among
                   themselves
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   pay
                   unto
                   him
                   all
                   Divine
                   Honour
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   a
                   God.
                   That
                   they
                   should
                   Dedicate
                   to
                   him
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Beasts
                   bred
                   among
                   them
                   ,
                   which
                   of
                   them
                   they
                   pleas'd
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   while
                   it
                   was
                   alive
                   ,
                   they
                   should
                   pay
                   it
                   the
                   same
                   Veneration
                   as
                   they
                   did
                   before
                   to
                   Osiris
                   himself
                   ;
                   and
                   when
                   it
                   was
                   dead
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   should
                   Worship
                   it
                   with
                   the
                   same
                   Adoration
                   and
                   Worship
                   given
                   to
                   Osiris
                   .
                   But
                   being
                   willing
                   to
                   incourage
                   the
                   Priests
                   to
                   these
                   Divine
                   Offices
                   by
                   Profit
                   and
                   Advantage
                   ,
                   she
                   gave
                   them
                   the
                   Third
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Country
                   for
                   the
                   Maintenance
                   of
                   the
                   Service
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   and
                   their
                   Attendance
                   at
                   the
                   Altars
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   memory
                   therefore
                   of
                   
                   Osiris's
                   good
                   Deeds
                   ,
                   being
                   incited
                   thereunto
                   by
                   the
                   Commands
                   of
                   the
                   Queen
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   expectation
                   of
                   their
                   own
                   Profit
                   and
                   Advantage
                   ,
                   the
                   Priests
                   exactly
                   perform'd
                   every
                   thing
                   that
                   Isis
                   injoin'd
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   every
                   Order
                   of
                   the
                   Priests
                   at
                   this
                   Day
                   are
                   of
                   opinion
                   that
                   Osiris
                   is
                   bury'd
                   among
                   them
                   .
                   And
                   they
                   have
                   those
                   Beasts
                   in
                   great
                   Veneration
                   ,
                   that
                   were
                   so
                   long
                   since
                   thus
                   consecrated
                   ;
                   and
                   renew
                   their
                   Mournings
                   for
                   Osiris
                   over
                   the
                   Graves
                   of
                   those
                   Beasts
                   .
                   There
                   are
                   Two
                   sacred
                   Bulls
                   especially
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   call'd
                   Apis
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   
                   Mnevis
                   ,
                   that
                   are
                   Consecrated
                   to
                   Osiris
                   ,
                   and
                   reputed
                   as
                   Gods
                   generally
                   by
                   all
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   .
                   For
                   this
                   Creature
                   of
                   all
                   others
                   was
                   extraordinarily
                   serviceable
                   to
                   the
                   first
                   Inventers
                   of
                   Husbandry
                   ,
                   both
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Sowing
                   Corn
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Advantages
                   concerning
                   Tillage
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   all
                   reapt
                   the
                   Benefit
                   .
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   after
                   the
                   Death
                   of
                   
                     Osiris
                     ,
                     Isis
                  
                   made
                   a
                   Vow
                   never
                   to
                   Marry
                   any
                   other
                   Man
                   ,
                   and
                   spent
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   her
                   Days
                   in
                   an
                   exact
                   Administration
                   of
                   Justice
                   among
                   her
                   Subjects
                   ,
                   excelling
                   all
                   other
                   Princes
                   in
                   her
                   Acts
                   of
                   Grace
                   and
                   Bounty
                   towards
                   her
                   own
                   People
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   after
                   her
                   Death
                   ,
                   she
                   was
                   numbred
                   among
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   such
                   had
                   Divine
                   Honour
                   and
                   Veneration
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   buri'd
                   at
                   Memphis
                   ,
                   where
                   they
                   shew
                   her
                   Sepulchre
                   at
                   this
                   day
                   in
                   the
                   Grove
                   of
                   Vulcan
                   .
                
                 
                   Yet
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   that
                   deny
                   that
                   these
                   Gods
                   are
                   Buri'd
                   at
                   Memphis
                   ;
                   but
                   near
                   the
                   Mountains
                   of
                   Ethiopia
                   and
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Isle
                   of
                   Nile
                   ,
                   lying
                   near
                   to
                   a
                   place
                   call'd
                   Philas
                   ,
                   and
                   upon
                   that
                   account
                   also
                   nam'd
                   the
                   
                     Holy
                     Field
                  
                   .
                   They
                   confirm
                   this
                   by
                   undoubted
                   Signs
                   and
                   Marks
                   left
                   in
                   this
                   Island
                   ,
                   as
                   by
                   a
                   Sepulchre
                   built
                   and
                   erected
                   to
                   Osiris
                   ,
                   religiously
                   Reverenc'd
                   by
                   all
                   the
                   Priests
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   wherein
                   are
                   laid
                   up
                   Three
                   Hundred
                   and
                   Threescore
                   *
                   Bowls
                   ,
                   which
                   certain
                   Priests
                   appointed
                   for
                   that
                   purpose
                   ,
                   fill
                   every
                   Day
                   with
                   Milk
                   ,
                   and
                   call
                   upon
                   the
                   Gods
                   by
                   Name
                   ,
                   with
                   Mourning
                   and
                   Lamentation
                   .
                   For
                   that
                   cause
                   none
                   go
                   into
                   the
                   Island
                   but
                   Priests
                   .
                   The
                   
                   Inhabitants
                   of
                   *
                   Thebes
                   (
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   most
                   ancient
                   City
                   of
                   Egypt
                   )
                   account
                   it
                   a
                   great
                   Oath
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   no
                   means
                   to
                   be
                   violated
                   ,
                   if
                   a
                   Man
                   swear
                   by
                   Osiris
                   that
                   lies
                   bury'd
                   at
                   Philas
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   several
                   parts
                   therefore
                   of
                   Osiris
                   being
                   found
                   ,
                   they
                   report
                   were
                   bury'd
                   in
                   this
                   manner
                   before
                   related
                   ;
                   but
                   his
                   Privy-Members
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   were
                   thrown
                   into
                   the
                   River
                   by
                   Typhon
                   ,
                   because
                   none
                   of
                   his
                   Partners
                   would
                   receive
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   yet
                   that
                   they
                   were
                   divinely
                   honour'd
                   by
                   Isis
                   ;
                   for
                   she
                   commanded
                   an
                   Image
                   †
                   of
                   this
                   very
                   part
                   to
                   be
                   set
                   up
                   in
                   the
                   Temples
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   be
                   religiously
                   ador'd
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   all
                   their
                   Ceremonies
                   and
                   Sacrifices
                   to
                   this
                   God
                   ,
                   she
                   ordered
                   that
                   part
                   to
                   be
                   held
                   in
                   divine
                   Veneration
                   and
                   Honour
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   the
                   Grecians
                   ,
                   after
                   they
                   had
                   learn'd
                   the
                   Rites
                   and
                   Ceremonies
                   of
                   the
                   Feasts
                   of
                   Bacchus
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   †
                   Orgian
                   Solemnities
                   from
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   in
                   all
                   their
                   Myteries
                   and
                   Sacrifices
                   to
                   this
                   God
                   ,
                   they
                   ador'd
                   that
                   Member
                   by
                   the
                   Name
                   of
                   Phallus
                   .
                
                 
                   From
                   *
                   Osiris
                   and
                   Isis
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Reign
                   of
                   Alexander
                   the
                   Great
                   ,
                   who
                   built
                   a
                   City
                   after
                   his
                   own
                   Name
                   ,
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Priests
                   reckon
                   above
                   †
                   Ten
                   Thousand
                   Years
                   ,
                   or
                   (
                   as
                   some
                   write
                   )
                   little
                   less
                   than
                   Three
                   and
                   Twenty
                   Thousand
                   Years
                   .
                   They
                   affirm
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   that
                   say
                   this
                   God
                   Osiris
                   was
                   born
                   at
                   Thebes
                   in
                   Boetia
                   of
                   Jupiter
                   and
                   Semele
                   ,
                   relate
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   false
                   .
                   For
                   they
                   say
                   that
                   Orpheus
                   ,
                   after
                   he
                   came
                   into
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   was
                   initiated
                   into
                   the
                   Sacred
                   Mysteries
                   of
                   Bacchus
                   or
                   Dionysus
                   ,
                   and
                   being
                   a
                   special
                   Friend
                   to
                   the
                   Thebans
                   in
                   Boetia
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   great
                   esteem
                   among
                   them
                   ,
                   to
                   manifest
                   his
                   Gratitude
                   ,
                   transferr'd
                   the
                   Birth
                   of
                   Bacchus
                   or
                   Osiris
                   over
                   into
                   Greece
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   that
                   the
                   Common
                   People
                   ,
                   partly
                   out
                   of
                   Ignorance
                   ,
                   and
                   partly
                   out
                   of
                   a
                   desire
                   they
                   had
                   that
                   this
                   God
                   should
                   be
                   a
                   Grecian
                   ,
                   readily
                   receiv'd
                   these
                   Mysteries
                   and
                   Sacred
                   Rites
                   among
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   Orpheus
                   took
                   the
                   occasion
                   following
                   to
                   fix
                   the
                   Birth
                   of
                   the
                   God
                   and
                   his
                   Rites
                   and
                   Ceremonies
                   among
                   the
                   Greeks
                   :
                   As
                   thus
                   ,
                   Cadmus
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   was
                   born
                   at
                   Thebes
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   and
                   amongst
                   other
                   Children
                   begat
                   Semele
                   :
                   That
                   she
                   was
                   got
                   with
                   Child
                   by
                   one
                   unknown
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   deliver'd
                   at
                   Seven
                   Months
                   end
                   of
                   a
                   Child
                   very
                   like
                   to
                   Osiris
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   describe
                   him
                   .
                   But
                   such
                   Births
                   are
                   not
                   us'd
                   to
                   live
                   ,
                   either
                   because
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   the
                   pleasure
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   it
                   should
                   be
                   so
                   ,
                   or
                   that
                   the
                   Law
                   of
                   Nature
                   will
                   not
                   admit
                   it
                   .
                   The
                   Matter
                   coming
                   to
                   Cadmus
                   his
                   Ear
                   ,
                   being
                   before
                   warn'd
                   by
                   the
                   Oracle
                   to
                   protect
                   the
                   Laws
                   of
                   his
                   Country
                   ,
                   he
                   wrapt
                   the
                   Infant
                   in
                   Gold
                   ,
                   and
                   instituted
                   Sacrifices
                   to
                   be
                   offer'd
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   Osiris
                   had
                   appear'd
                   again
                   in
                   this
                   shape
                   ;
                   and
                   caus'd
                   it
                   to
                   be
                   spread
                   abroad
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   was
                   begotten
                   of
                   Jupiter
                   ,
                   thereby
                   both
                   to
                   honour
                   Osiris
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   cover
                   his
                   Daughter's
                   Shame
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   common
                   Report
                   among
                   the
                   Grecians
                   ,
                   that
                   Semele
                   ,
                   the
                   Daughter
                   of
                   Cadmus
                   ,
                   was
                   got
                   with
                   Child
                   by
                   Jupiter
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   him
                   had
                   Osiris
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   After-times
                   ,
                   Orpheus
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   his
                   excellent
                   Art
                   and
                   Skill
                   in
                   Musick
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   his
                   Knowledge
                   in
                   Theology
                   ,
                   and
                   Institution
                   of
                   Sacred
                   Rites
                   and
                   Sacrifices
                   to
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   was
                   greatly
                   esteem'd
                   among
                   the
                   Grecians
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   was
                   receiv'd
                   and
                   entertain'd
                   by
                   the
                   Thebans
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   them
                   highly
                   honour'd
                   above
                   all
                   others
                   ;
                   who
                   being
                   excellently
                   learn'd
                   in
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Theology
                   ,
                   brought
                   down
                   the
                   Birth
                   of
                   the
                   ancient
                   Osiris
                   ,
                   to
                   a
                   far
                   later
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   gratifie
                   the
                   Cadmeans
                   or
                   Thebans
                   ,
                   instituted
                   new
                   Rites
                   and
                   Ceremonies
                   ,
                   at
                   which
                   he
                   ordered
                   that
                   it
                   should
                   be
                   declared
                   to
                   all
                   that
                   were
                   admitted
                   to
                   those
                   Mysteries
                   ,
                   that
                   *
                   Dionysus
                   or
                   Osiris
                   was
                   begotten
                   of
                   Semele
                   by
                   Jupiter
                   .
                   The
                   People
                   therefore
                   partly
                   through
                   Ignorance
                   ,
                   and
                   partly
                   by
                   being
                   deceived
                   with
                   the
                   dazling
                   Luster
                   of
                   Orpheus
                   his
                   Reputation
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   their
                   good
                   Opinion
                   of
                   his
                   Truth
                   and
                   Faithfulness
                   in
                   this
                   matter
                   (
                   especially
                   to
                   have
                   this
                   God
                   reputed
                   a
                   Grecian
                   ,
                   being
                   a
                   thing
                   that
                   humour'd
                   them
                   )
                   began
                   to
                   use
                   these
                   Rites
                   ,
                   as
                   is
                   before
                   declared
                   .
                   And
                   with
                   these
                   Stories
                   the
                   Mythologists
                   and
                   Poets
                   have
                   fill'd
                   all
                   the
                   Theaters
                   ,
                   and
                   now
                   it
                   's
                   generally
                   received
                   as
                   a
                   Truth
                   not
                   in
                   the
                   least
                   to
                   be
                   questioned
                   .
                   To
                   conclude
                   ,
                   The
                   Priests
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Grecians
                   have
                   arrogated
                   to
                   themselves
                   both
                   their
                   Gods
                   and
                   Demy-Gods
                   (
                   or
                   
                   Heroes
                   ,
                   )
                   and
                   say
                   that
                   divers
                   Colonies
                   were
                   transported
                   over
                   to
                   them
                   out
                   of
                   Egypt
                   :
                   For
                   Hercules
                   was
                   an
                   Egyptian
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   his
                   Valour
                   made
                   his
                   way
                   into
                   most
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   and
                   set
                   up
                   a
                   Pillar
                   in
                   Africa
                   ;
                   and
                   of
                   this
                   they
                   endeavour
                   to
                   make
                   proof
                   from
                   the
                   Grecians
                   themselves
                   .
                   For
                   whereas
                   it
                   is
                   own'd
                   by
                   all
                   ,
                   that
                   Hercules
                   assisted
                   the
                   Gods
                   in
                   the
                   Giants
                   War
                   ,
                   it
                   's
                   plain
                   that
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   when
                   
                   the
                   Grecians
                   say
                   Hercules
                   was
                   born
                   ,
                   the
                   Earth
                   had
                   not
                   then
                   strength
                   to
                   produce
                   Giants
                   ,
                   neither
                   were
                   there
                   any
                   in
                   those
                   Days
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Age
                   next
                   before
                   the
                   Trojan
                   War
                   ;
                   but
                   rather
                   (
                   as
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   affirm
                   )
                   at
                   the
                   first
                   Generation
                   and
                   Beginning
                   of
                   Mankind
                   ;
                   from
                   which
                   Time
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   account
                   above
                   Ten
                   Thousand
                   Years
                   ;
                   but
                   from
                   the
                   Trojan
                   War
                   ,
                   not
                   Twelve
                   Hundred
                   :
                   And
                   according
                   to
                   this
                   Computation
                   of
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   a
                   Club
                   and
                   Lion's
                   Skin
                   may
                   agree
                   well
                   enough
                   with
                   the
                   ancient
                   Hercules
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   use
                   of
                   Arms
                   not
                   being
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   found
                   out
                   ,
                   Men
                   fought
                   with
                   Clubs
                   and
                   Staves
                   ,
                   and
                   cover'd
                   their
                   Bodies
                   with
                   Beasts
                   Skins
                   .
                   This
                   ancient
                   Hercules
                   they
                   say
                   was
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Jupiter
                   ,
                   but
                   know
                   not
                   who
                   was
                   his
                   Mother
                   :
                   But
                   he
                   who
                   was
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Alemena
                   ,
                   they
                   affirm
                   was
                   born
                   above
                   Ten
                   Thousand
                   Years
                   after
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   call'd
                   at
                   first
                   Alceus
                   ;
                   but
                   afterwards
                   Hercules
                   ,
                   not
                   that
                   he
                   had
                   that
                   honourable
                   Surname
                   from
                   *
                   Juno
                   (
                   as
                   Matris
                   says
                   )
                   but
                   assum'd
                   to
                   himself
                   the
                   Name
                   out
                   of
                   emulation
                   ,
                   desirous
                   to
                   do
                   as
                   great
                   things
                   as
                   the
                   ancient
                   Hercules
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   to
                   inherit
                   as
                   well
                   his
                   Fame
                   and
                   Glory
                   as
                   his
                   Name
                   .
                
                 
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   the
                   Grecians
                   have
                   a
                   very
                   antient
                   Tradition
                   ,
                   which
                   agrees
                   with
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   that
                   Hercules
                   freed
                   the
                   Earth
                   from
                   wild
                   Beasts
                   ;
                   which
                   cannot
                   possibly
                   be
                   apply'd
                   to
                   him
                   who
                   flourish'd
                   about
                   the
                   Times
                   of
                   the
                   Trojans
                   ,
                   when
                   most
                   Parts
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   were
                   free
                   from
                   such
                   annoyances
                   ,
                   by
                   improvement
                   of
                   Lands
                   and
                   Multitudes
                   of
                   Populous
                   Cities
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   reduction
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   to
                   a
                   more
                   civil
                   course
                   of
                   Living
                   ,
                   agrees
                   best
                   with
                   the
                   ancient
                   Hercules
                   ,
                   when
                   Men
                   were
                   as
                   yet
                   vext
                   and
                   plagu'd
                   with
                   wild
                   Beasts
                   ;
                   and
                   especially
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   whose
                   upper
                   part
                   is
                   a
                   Wilderness
                   ,
                   and
                   full
                   of
                   Wild
                   Beasts
                   at
                   this
                   very
                   Day
                   .
                   And
                   't
                   is
                   but
                   very
                   reasonable
                   to
                   think
                   that
                   Hercules
                   should
                   mind
                   the
                   Prosperity
                   and
                   Welfare
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   his
                   own
                   Country
                   ,
                   and
                   free
                   the
                   Land
                   from
                   Beasts
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   deliver
                   it
                   into
                   the
                   Hands
                   of
                   the
                   Husbandman
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   improv'd
                   by
                   Tillage
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   upon
                   this
                   account
                   he
                   was
                   Honour'd
                   as
                   a
                   God.
                   
                
                 
                   They
                   report
                   likewise
                   ,
                   that
                   Perseus
                   was
                   born
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Grecians
                   have
                   transferr'd
                   from
                   thence
                   the
                   Birth
                   of
                   Isis
                   into
                   Argos
                   ,
                   inventing
                   a
                   Story
                   that
                   she
                   was
                   the
                   same
                   with
                   Io
                   ,
                   who
                   was
                   metamorphosed
                   into
                   a
                   Bull.
                   And
                   indeed
                   there
                   are
                   great
                   Differences
                   and
                   Disputes
                   concerning
                   these
                   Gods
                   :
                   For
                   some
                   call
                   the
                   same
                   Goddess
                   Isis
                   ,
                   others
                   call
                   her
                   Ceres
                   ;
                   some
                   †
                   Thesmophorus
                   ,
                   others
                   Luna
                   ,
                   others
                   Juno
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   by
                   all
                   these
                   Names
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   term
                   Osiris
                   sometimes
                   Serapis
                   ,
                   sometimes
                   Dionysus
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   Pluto
                   ;
                   then
                   again
                   Ammon
                   ;
                   sometimes
                   Jupiter
                   ,
                   and
                   often
                   Pan.
                   There
                   are
                   some
                   likewise
                   that
                   say
                   ,
                   Serapis
                   is
                   the
                   same
                   ,
                   whom
                   the
                   Grecians
                   call
                   Pluto
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Egyptians
                   report
                   that
                   Isis
                   found
                   out
                   many
                   Medicines
                   for
                   the
                   Recovery
                   of
                   Mens
                   Health
                   ,
                   being
                   very
                   expert
                   in
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   Physick
                   ,
                   and
                   contriv'd
                   many
                   Remedies
                   for
                   that
                   purpose
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   even
                   now
                   when
                   she
                   is
                   advanc'd
                   to
                   an
                   immortal
                   State
                   ,
                   she
                   takes
                   pleasure
                   in
                   curing
                   Mens
                   Bodies
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   those
                   that
                   desire
                   her
                   assistance
                   ,
                   in
                   their
                   sleep
                   she
                   clearly
                   manifests
                   her
                   presence
                   ,
                   and
                   affords
                   ready
                   and
                   effectual
                   Relief
                   to
                   them
                   that
                   stand
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   clear
                   proof
                   of
                   all
                   this
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   they
                   have
                   not
                   only
                   the
                   usual
                   Fables
                   of
                   the
                   Greeks
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   undoubted
                   Evidence
                   of
                   the
                   fact
                   to
                   confirm
                   it
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   almost
                   the
                   whole
                   World
                   bears
                   Testimony
                   to
                   this
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Respect
                   and
                   Honour
                   they
                   pay
                   to
                   this
                   Goddess
                   upon
                   the
                   account
                   of
                   her
                   great
                   Fame
                   in
                   curing
                   of
                   Diseases
                   :
                   For
                   in
                   Sleep
                   she
                   's
                   present
                   with
                   Persons
                   ,
                   and
                   applies
                   Remedies
                   to
                   the
                   Sick
                   ,
                   and
                   wonderfully
                   cures
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   her
                   Votaries
                   .
                   That
                   many
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   given
                   off
                   by
                   the
                   Physitians
                   as
                   incurable
                   ,
                   have
                   been
                   restor'd
                   by
                   her
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   many
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   blind
                   and
                   lame
                   ,
                   who
                   have
                   sought
                   to
                   her
                   for
                   help
                   ,
                   have
                   been
                   perfectly
                   restor'd
                   to
                   their
                   former
                   Sight
                   ,
                   and
                   Soundness
                   of
                   Body
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   say
                   she
                   found
                   out
                   a
                   Medicine
                   that
                   would
                   raise
                   the
                   Dead
                   to
                   Life
                   ,
                   with
                   
                   which
                   she
                   not
                   only
                   rais'd
                   her
                   Son
                   Orus
                   ,
                   that
                   was
                   kill'd
                   by
                   the
                   Titans
                   ,
                   and
                   found
                   dead
                   in
                   the
                   Water
                   ,
                   but
                   by
                   that
                   Application
                   made
                   him
                   Immortal
                   .
                   This
                   Orus
                   was
                   the
                   last
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   that
                   reign'd
                   in
                   ,
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   after
                   the
                   *
                   Translation
                   of
                   Osiris
                   his
                   Father
                   .
                   This
                   Orus
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   by
                   interpretation
                   is
                   Apollo
                   ,
                   who
                   being
                   taught
                   by
                   his
                   Mother
                   Isis
                   ,
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   Physick
                   and
                   Divination
                   ,
                   was
                   very
                   beneficial
                   to
                   Mankind
                   in
                   these
                   respects
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Egyptian
                   Priests
                   in
                   their
                   Computation
                   of
                   Time
                   do
                   reckon
                   above
                   Three
                   and
                   Twenty
                   Thousand
                   Years
                   from
                   the
                   Reign
                   of
                   Sol
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   passage
                   of
                   Alexander
                   the
                   Great
                   into
                   Asia
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   In
                   their
                   fabulous
                   Stories
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   most
                   ancient
                   of
                   their
                   God's
                   reign'd
                   Twelve
                   Hundred
                   Years
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   latter
                   no
                   less
                   than
                   Three
                   Hundred
                   Years
                   apiece
                   .
                   Whereas
                   this
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   Years
                   seems
                   incredible
                   ,
                   some
                   have
                   not
                   stuck
                   to
                   affirm
                   that
                   the
                   motion
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   not
                   being
                   then
                   known
                   ,
                   the
                   Year
                   was
                   reckon'd
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Course
                   of
                   the
                   Moon
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   the
                   Solar
                   Year
                   ,
                   consisting
                   
                   then
                   but
                   of
                   Three
                   Hundred
                   Days
                   ,
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   were
                   sure
                   to
                   live
                   Twelve
                   Hundred
                   Lunary
                   Years
                   ;
                   and
                   even
                   at
                   this
                   Day
                   now
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   Twelve
                   Months
                   in
                   the
                   Year
                   ,
                   many
                   live
                   a
                   Hundred
                   Solar
                   Years
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   like
                   they
                   say
                   of
                   them
                   that
                   reign'd
                   Three
                   Hundred
                   Years
                   :
                   For
                   in
                   their
                   Time
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   the
                   Year
                   was
                   made
                   up
                   of
                   †
                   Four
                   Months
                   ,
                   every
                   Four
                   applicable
                   to
                   each
                   of
                   the
                   Three
                   *
                   Seasons
                   of
                   the
                   Solar
                   Year
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   Spring
                   ,
                   Summer
                   and
                   Winter
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   reason
                   that
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Grecians
                   call
                   Years
                   ,
                   Horas
                   ,
                   Seasons
                   ;
                   and
                   Historical
                   Annals
                   ,
                   Horography
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Egyptians
                   moreover
                   among
                   their
                   Fables
                   report
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   Time
                   of
                   Isis
                   ,
                   there
                   were
                   Men
                   of
                   vast
                   Bodies
                   ,
                   whom
                   the
                   Grecians
                   call
                   Giants
                   ,
                   and
                   whom
                   they
                   place
                   in
                   their
                   Temples
                   in
                   prodigious
                   Shapes
                   ,
                   who
                   are
                   whipt
                   and
                   scourg'd
                   by
                   them
                   that
                   Sacrifice
                   to
                   Osiris
                   .
                   Some
                   idly
                   give
                   forth
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   sprang
                   from
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   when
                   at
                   first
                   it
                   gave
                   Being
                   to
                   Living
                   Creatures
                   .
                   Others
                   report
                   ,
                   that
                   from
                   many
                   extraordinary
                   things
                   done
                   by
                   Men
                   of
                   strong
                   Bodies
                   ,
                   the
                   Fables
                   and
                   Stories
                   of
                   Giants
                   arose
                   .
                   But
                   in
                   this
                   most
                   agree
                   ,
                   that
                   for
                   the
                   War
                   they
                   rais'd
                   against
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   Jupiter
                   and
                   Osiris
                   ,
                   they
                   were
                   all
                   destroy'd
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   was
                   a
                   Law
                   likewise
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   against
                   the
                   Custom
                   of
                   all
                   other
                   Nations
                   ,
                   that
                   Brothers
                   and
                   Sisters
                   might
                   Marry
                   one
                   with
                   another
                   ,
                   which
                   accordingly
                   was
                   prosperous
                   and
                   successful
                   in
                   the
                   Marriage
                   of
                   Isis
                   ,
                   who
                   marry'd
                   her
                   Brother
                   Osiris
                   ,
                   and
                   after
                   his
                   Death
                   made
                   a
                   Vow
                   never
                   to
                   marry
                   any
                   other
                   Man
                   ;
                   and
                   after
                   she
                   had
                   reveng'd
                   her
                   Husbands
                   Death
                   upon
                   his
                   Murderers
                   ,
                   she
                   govern'd
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   ,
                   and
                   reign'd
                   justly
                   all
                   her
                   Days
                   ;
                   and
                   did
                   good
                   universally
                   to
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   People
                   ,
                   obliging
                   them
                   with
                   many
                   and
                   extraordinary
                   Benefits
                   and
                   Advantages
                   .
                   And
                   for
                   her
                   sake
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   Custom
                   among
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   honour
                   a
                   Queen
                   ,
                   and
                   allow
                   her
                   more
                   Power
                   and
                   Authority
                   than
                   a
                   King
                   :
                   And
                   in
                   their
                   Contracts
                   of
                   Marriage
                   Authority
                   is
                   given
                   to
                   the
                   Wife
                   over
                   her
                   Husband
                   ,
                   at
                   which
                   time
                   the
                   Husbands
                   promise
                   to
                   be
                   obedient
                   to
                   their
                   Wives
                   in
                   all
                   things
                   .
                   
                
                 
                   Isis
                   was
                   Buri'd
                   at
                   Memphis
                   ,
                   where
                   at
                   this
                   day
                   her
                   Shrine
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   seen
                   in
                   the
                   Grove
                   of
                   Vulcan
                   :
                   Although
                   some
                   affirm
                   ,
                   that
                   these
                   Gods
                   lie
                   Bury'd
                   in
                   the
                   Isle
                   of
                   Nile
                   ,
                   at
                   Philas
                   ,
                   as
                   is
                   before
                   said
                   .
                   Neither
                   am
                   I
                   ignorant
                   that
                   some
                   Writers
                   say
                   ,
                   their
                   Sepulchers
                   are
                   at
                   Arabia
                   ;
                   whence
                   Dionysus
                   is
                   call'd
                   Nysaeus
                   ;
                   there
                   they
                   say
                   is
                   a
                   Pillar
                   erected
                   to
                   each
                   of
                   the
                   Deities
                   with
                   Inscriptions
                   of
                   Sacred
                   Letters
                   upon
                   them
                   ;
                   in
                   one
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   that
                   belonging
                   to
                   Isis
                   ,
                   are
                   these
                   Words
                   —
                   
                     
                       I
                       am
                       Isis
                       ,
                       Queen
                       of
                       all
                       this
                       Country
                       ,
                       the
                       Scholar
                       of
                       Mercury
                       :
                       What
                       Laws
                       I
                       have
                       made
                       ,
                       none
                       ought
                       to
                       disannul
                       .
                       I
                       am
                       the
                       Eldest
                       Daughter
                       of
                       the
                       Youngest
                       God
                       ,
                       Saturn
                       .
                       I
                       am
                       the
                       Wife
                       and
                       Sister
                       of
                       King
                       Osiris
                       .
                       I
                       am
                       she
                       that
                       first
                       found
                       out
                       Corn
                       for
                       Man's
                       use
                       .
                       I
                       am
                       the
                       Mother
                       of
                       King
                       Orus
                       .
                       I
                       am
                       she
                       that
                       arises
                       in
                       the
                       Dog-Star
                       .
                       The
                       City
                       Bubastus
                       was
                       built
                       in
                       memory
                       of
                       me
                       .
                       Farewel
                       ,
                       rejoyce
                       O
                       Egypt
                       that
                       was
                       my
                       Nurse
                       ,
                       that
                       brought
                       me
                       up
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Upon
                   
                   Osiris's
                   Pillar
                   are
                   these
                   that
                   follow
                   .
                   
                     
                       My
                       Father
                       was
                       Saturn
                       ,
                       the
                       Youngest
                       of
                       all
                       the
                       God's
                       .
                       I
                       am
                       Osiris
                       ,
                       that
                       led
                       an
                       Army
                       through
                       all
                       the
                       Nations
                       ,
                       as
                       far
                       as
                       to
                       the
                       Deserts
                       of
                       India
                       ,
                       and
                       in
                       the
                       Countries
                       lying
                       to
                       the
                       North
                       ,
                       as
                       far
                       as
                       to
                       the
                       Head
                       Springs
                       of
                       the
                       River
                       Ister
                       ;
                       and
                       to
                       other
                       Parts
                       ,
                       as
                       far
                       as
                       to
                       the
                       Ocean
                       .
                       I
                       am
                       the
                       Eldest
                       Son
                       of
                       Saturn
                       ,
                       a
                       Branch
                       of
                       a
                       famous
                       noble
                       Stock
                       ,
                       Cosin
                       German
                       to
                       the
                       Day
                       .
                       There
                       's
                       not
                       a
                       Place
                       in
                       the
                       World
                       where
                       I
                       have
                       not
                       been
                       ;
                       and
                       what
                       I
                       have
                       discover'd
                       ,
                       I
                       have
                       imparted
                       to
                       all
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   So
                   much
                   of
                   the
                   Inscriptions
                   on
                   the
                   Pillars
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   may
                   be
                   read
                   ,
                   the
                   rest
                   is
                   defac'd
                   and
                   worn
                   out
                   through
                   length
                   of
                   Time.
                   Thus
                   therefore
                   many
                   disagree
                   concerning
                   the
                   Sepulchres
                   of
                   these
                   Gods
                   ,
                   because
                   the
                   Priests
                   ,
                   who
                   were
                   secretly
                   instructed
                   in
                   the
                   perfect
                   Knowledge
                   of
                   these
                   matters
                   ,
                   would
                   not
                   suffer
                   them
                   to
                   be
                   spread
                   abroad
                   ,
                   out
                   of
                   fear
                   of
                   those
                   Punishments
                   that
                   such
                   were
                   liable
                   unto
                   ,
                   who
                   reveal'd
                   the
                   Secrets
                   of
                   the
                   Gods.
                   
                
                 
                 
                   They
                   report
                   ,
                   that
                   afterwards
                   many
                   Colonies
                   out
                   of
                   Egypt
                   were
                   dispers'd
                   over
                   
                   all
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   :
                   That
                   Belus
                   (
                   who
                   was
                   taken
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Neptune
                   and
                   Lybra
                   )
                   led
                   a
                   Colony
                   into
                   the
                   Province
                   of
                   Babylon
                   ,
                   and
                   fixing
                   his
                   Seat
                   at
                   the
                   River
                   Euphrates
                   ,
                   Consecrated
                   Priests
                   ,
                   and
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   custom
                   of
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   freed
                   
                   them
                   from
                   all
                   publick
                   Taxes
                   and
                   Impositions
                   .
                   These
                   Priests
                   the
                   Babylonians
                   call
                   Caldeans
                   ,
                   who
                   observe
                   the
                   Motions
                   of
                   the
                   Stars
                   ,
                   in
                   imitation
                   of
                   the
                   Priests
                   ,
                   Naturalists
                   and
                   Astrologers
                   of
                   Egypt
                   .
                   That
                   Danaus
                   likewise
                   took
                   from
                   thence
                   another
                   Colony
                   ,
                   and
                   planted
                   them
                   in
                   Argos
                   ,
                   the
                   most
                   ancient
                   City
                   almost
                   of
                   all
                   Greece
                   .
                   And
                   that
                   the
                   People
                   of
                   Cholchos
                   ,
                   in
                   Pontus
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   *
                   Jews
                   lying
                   between
                   Arabia
                   and
                   Syria
                   ,
                   were
                   Colonies
                   out
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   therefore
                   it
                   is
                   an
                   ancient
                   Custom
                   among
                   these
                   Nations
                   ,
                   to
                   Circumcise
                   all
                   their
                   Male
                   Children
                   after
                   the
                   Rites
                   and
                   Customs
                   receiv'd
                   from
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   .
                   That
                   the
                   Athenians
                   likewise
                   are
                   a
                   Colony
                   of
                   the
                   †
                   Saits
                   ,
                   which
                   came
                   out
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   their
                   Kindred
                   ,
                   they
                   endeavour
                   to
                   prove
                   by
                   these
                   Arguments
                   ;
                   (
                   That
                   is
                   to
                   say
                   )
                   That
                   they
                   only
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Greeks
                   call
                   the
                   City
                   Astu
                   ,
                   from
                   Astu
                   a
                   City
                   among
                   those
                   People
                   of
                   the
                   Saits
                   :
                   And
                   that
                   for
                   the
                   better
                   Government
                   of
                   the
                   Commonwealth
                   ,
                   they
                   divide
                   their
                   People
                   into
                   the
                   same
                   Ranks
                   and
                   Degrees
                   as
                   they
                   in
                   Egypt
                   do
                   ,
                   to
                   wit
                   ,
                   into
                   Three
                   Orders
                   ;
                   the
                   first
                   of
                   which
                   are
                   call'd
                   *
                   Eupatride
                   ,
                   imploy'd
                   for
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   in
                   studying
                   the
                   Liberal
                   Arts
                   and
                   Sciences
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   advanc'd
                   to
                   the
                   highest
                   Offices
                   and
                   Places
                   of
                   Preferment
                   in
                   the
                   State
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Priests
                   of
                   Egypt
                   are
                   .
                   The
                   Second
                   Order
                   of
                   Men
                   are
                   the
                   Rustick
                   and
                   Country
                   People
                   ,
                   who
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   Souldiers
                   ,
                   and
                   take
                   up
                   Arms
                   upon
                   all
                   occasions
                   for
                   the
                   Defence
                   of
                   their
                   Country
                   ,
                   like
                   to
                   those
                   who
                   are
                   call'd
                   †
                   Husbandmen
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   who
                   furnish
                   out
                   Soldiers
                   there
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   Third
                   Rank
                   are
                   reckon'd
                   Tradesmen
                   and
                   Artificers
                   ,
                   who
                   commonly
                   bore
                   all
                   the
                   necessary
                   and
                   publick
                   Offices
                   ,
                   which
                   agrees
                   exactly
                   with
                   the
                   Orders
                   and
                   Usage
                   among
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   say
                   likewise
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   were
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Athenian
                   Generals
                   that
                   came
                   
                   out
                   of
                   Egypt
                   .
                   For
                   they
                   affirm
                   ,
                   that
                   Peteos
                   the
                   Father
                   of
                   Menestheus
                   ,
                   who
                   was
                   a
                   Captain
                   in
                   the
                   Trojan
                   War
                   ,
                   was
                   an
                   Egyptian
                   ,
                   and
                   afterwards
                   was
                   King
                   of
                   Athens
                   .
                   That
                   the
                   Athenians
                   had
                   not
                   Wit
                   enough
                   to
                   find
                   out
                   the
                   true
                   reason
                   why
                   Two
                   Natures
                   were
                   ascrib'd
                   to
                   him
                   ;
                   for
                   every
                   Man
                   knows
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   call'd
                   Half
                   a
                   Beast
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   half
                   a
                   Man
                   ,
                   and
                   half
                   a
                   Beast
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   true
                   ground
                   was
                   ,
                   because
                   he
                   was
                   a
                   Member
                   of
                   Two
                   several
                   Commonwealths
                   ,
                   a
                   Grecian
                   and
                   a
                   Barbarian
                   .
                   *
                   Erechtheus
                   likewise
                   ,
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Kings
                   of
                   Athens
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   was
                   an
                   Egyptian
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   prove
                   by
                   these
                   Arguments
                   ,
                   viz.
                   That
                   whereas
                   there
                   was
                   a
                   great
                   Drought
                   (
                   as
                   all
                   confess
                   )
                   almost
                   over
                   all
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   †
                   except
                   Egypt
                   only
                   (
                   because
                   of
                   the
                   peculiar
                   property
                   of
                   the
                   Place
                   )
                   which
                   destroy'd
                   both
                   Men
                   and
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   together
                   ,
                   Erechtheus
                   transported
                   a
                   great
                   quantity
                   of
                   Corn
                   to
                   Athens
                   out
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   and
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   were
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Kindred
                   ;
                   with
                   which
                   Kindness
                   the
                   Citizens
                   were
                   so
                   affected
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   advanc'd
                   him
                   to
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   .
                   After
                   which
                   ,
                   he
                   instituted
                   the
                   Festivals
                   ,
                   and
                   taught
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Rites
                   and
                   Mysteries
                   of
                   Ceres
                   in
                   Eleusina
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   say
                   moreover
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   's
                   reported
                   upon
                   good
                   ground
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Goddess
                   her self
                   came
                   into
                   Attica
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   when
                   Corn
                   and
                   other
                   goodly
                   Fruit
                   in
                   her
                   Name
                   were
                   transported
                   thither
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   therefore
                   it
                   seem'd
                   as
                   if
                   she
                   had
                   again
                   renew'd
                   the
                   Invention
                   of
                   Seed
                   ,
                   as
                   she
                   did
                   at
                   the
                   beginning
                   .
                   Likewise
                   that
                   the
                   Athenians
                   themselves
                   confess
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   Reign
                   of
                   Erichtheus
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Drought
                   had
                   burnt
                   up
                   all
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   Ceres
                   came
                   thither
                   and
                   gave
                   them
                   Corn.
                   And
                   that
                   the
                   Rites
                   and
                   Mysteries
                   of
                   this
                   Goddess
                   ,
                   were
                   then
                   begun
                   in
                   Eleusina
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Sacrifices
                   and
                   ancient
                   Ceremonies
                   ,
                   both
                   of
                   the
                   Athenians
                   and
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   are
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   :
                   And
                   that
                   they
                   took
                   the
                   original
                   of
                   their
                   *
                   Eumolphide
                   from
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Priests
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   Heralds
                   from
                   their
                   †
                   Pastophori
                   .
                   Further
                   ,
                   that
                   only
                   the
                   Grecians
                   swear
                   by
                   the
                   Name
                   of
                   Isis
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   in
                   all
                   their
                   Manners
                   and
                   Customs
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   altogether
                   like
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   .
                   These
                   and
                   many
                   other
                   such
                   like
                   Arguments
                   they
                   bring
                   to
                   maintain
                   this
                   Colony
                   ,
                   more
                   (
                   I
                   think
                   )
                   out
                   of
                   Ambition
                   ,
                   because
                   of
                   the
                   Glory
                   and
                   Renown
                   of
                   that
                   City
                   ,
                   than
                   any
                   ground
                   of
                   Truth
                   they
                   have
                   for
                   their
                   Assertion
                   .
                   To
                   conclude
                   ,
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   many
                   Parts
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   were
                   planted
                   by
                   their
                   Ancestors
                   ,
                   by
                   Colonies
                   sent
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   the
                   State
                   and
                   Grandure
                   of
                   their
                   Kings
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   vast
                   number
                   of
                   their
                   People
                   .
                   Which
                   Reports
                   not
                   being
                   supported
                   with
                   sufficient
                   Arguments
                   ,
                   nor
                   attested
                   by
                   credible
                   Authors
                   ,
                   we
                   think
                   'em
                   not
                   worthy
                   of
                   any
                   further
                   Account
                   .
                   But
                   thus
                   much
                   we
                   thought
                   fit
                   to
                   say
                   of
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Theology
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   CHAP.
                   III.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Description
                     of
                     Egypt
                     .
                     Of
                     the
                     Lake
                     of
                     Serbon
                     .
                     The
                     Nature
                     of
                     the
                     River
                     Nile
                     .
                     The
                     Cataracts
                     ;
                     the
                     Mouths
                     of
                     Nile
                     .
                     The
                     Fruits
                     of
                     Egypt
                     .
                     The
                     Beasts
                     ,
                     Crocodile
                     ,
                     &c.
                     Several
                     Opinions
                     concerning
                     the
                     Inundation
                     of
                     Nile
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   AND
                   now
                   we
                   shall
                   endeavour
                   to
                   treat
                   distinctly
                   of
                   the
                   Country
                   it self
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   River
                   Nile
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   things
                   worthy
                   of
                   Remark
                   .
                   The
                   Land
                   of
                   Egypt
                   almost
                   all
                   lies
                   wholly
                   to
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   naturally
                   fortify'd
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   most
                   pleasant
                   Country
                   of
                   any
                   of
                   the
                   Kingdoms
                   round
                   about
                   it
                   .
                   For
                   on
                   the
                   West
                   it
                   's
                   defended
                   by
                   the
                   Desarts
                   of
                   Libya
                   ,
                   full
                   of
                   Wild
                   Beasts
                   ,
                   running
                   out
                   a
                   vast
                   way
                   in
                   Length
                   ;
                   where
                   the
                   Passage
                   is
                   both
                   difficult
                   ,
                   and
                   extreamly
                   hazardous
                   ,
                   through
                   want
                   of
                   Water
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Provision
                   .
                   On
                   the
                   South
                   it
                   's
                   inviron'd
                   with
                   the
                   Cataracts
                   of
                   Nile
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Mountains
                   adjoyning
                   .
                   For
                   from
                   the
                   Country
                   of
                   the
                   Troglodites
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   higher
                   Parts
                   of
                   Ethiopia
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   Five
                   Thousand
                   and
                   Five
                   Hundred
                   Furlongs
                   ,
                   there
                   's
                   no
                   passing
                   either
                   by
                   Land
                   or
                   Water
                   ,
                   without
                   such
                   a
                   measure
                   of
                   Provision
                   as
                   a
                   King
                   himself
                   could
                   only
                   be
                   furnish'd
                   with
                   .
                   Those
                   Parts
                   towards
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   are
                   partly
                   secur'd
                   by
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   and
                   partly
                   surrounded
                   by
                   the
                   Deserts
                   and
                   by
                   the
                   Marishes
                   call'd
                   the
                   †
                   Barathra
                   .
                   For
                   there
                   's
                   a
                   Lake
                   between
                   Coelo-Syria
                   and
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   very
                   narrow
                   ,
                   but
                   exceeding
                   deep
                   ,
                   even
                   to
                   a
                   Wonder
                   ,
                   two
                   Hundred
                   Furlongs
                   in
                   length
                   ,
                   call'd
                   Serbon
                   :
                   If
                   any
                   through
                   Ignorance
                   approach
                   it
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   lost
                   irrecoverably
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   Channel
                   being
                   very
                   narrow
                   ,
                   like
                   a
                   Swadling-band
                   ,
                   and
                   compass'd
                   round
                   with
                   vast
                   heaps
                   of
                   Sand
                   ,
                   great
                   quantities
                   of
                   it
                   are
                   cast
                   into
                   the
                   Lake
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   continu'd
                   Southern
                   Winds
                   ,
                   which
                   so
                   cover
                   the
                   Surface
                   of
                   the
                   Water
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   it
                   to
                   the
                   view
                   so
                   like
                   unto
                   Dry
                   Land
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   cannot
                   possibly
                   be
                   distinguish'd
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   many
                   unacquainted
                   with
                   the
                   nature
                   of
                   the
                   Place
                   ,
                   by
                   missing
                   their
                   way
                   ,
                   have
                   been
                   there
                   swallow'd
                   up
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   whole
                   Armies
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   Sand
                   being
                   trod
                   upon
                   ,
                   sinks
                   down
                   and
                   gives
                   way
                   by
                   degrees
                   ,
                   and
                   like
                   a
                   malicious
                   Cheat
                   ,
                   deludes
                   and
                   decoys
                   them
                   that
                   come
                   upon
                   it
                   ,
                   till
                   too
                   late
                   when
                   they
                   see
                   the
                   mischief
                   they
                   are
                   likely
                   to
                   fall
                   into
                   ,
                   they
                   begin
                   to
                   support
                   and
                   help
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   but
                   without
                   any
                   possibility
                   either
                   of
                   returning
                   back
                   ,
                   or
                   escaping
                   certain
                   Ruin
                   ;
                   for
                   sinking
                   into
                   the
                   Gulf
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   neither
                   able
                   to
                   swim
                   (
                   the
                   Mud
                   preventing
                   all
                   motion
                   of
                   the
                   Body
                   )
                   nor
                   in
                   a
                   capacity
                   to
                   wade
                   out
                   ,
                   having
                   nothing
                   firm
                   to
                   support
                   them
                   for
                   that
                   purpose
                   ;
                   for
                   Sand
                   and
                   Water
                   being
                   mixt
                   together
                   ,
                   the
                   Nature
                   of
                   both
                   is
                   thereby
                   so
                   chang'd
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   's
                   neither
                   fording
                   ,
                   nor
                   passing
                   over
                   it
                   by
                   Boat.
                   Being
                   brought
                   therefore
                   to
                   this
                   pass
                   ,
                   without
                   the
                   least
                   possibility
                   of
                   help
                   to
                   be
                   afforded
                   'em
                   ,
                   they
                   go
                   together
                   with
                   the
                   Sand
                   to
                   the
                   Bottom
                   of
                   the
                   Gulf
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   very
                   Brink
                   of
                   the
                   Bog
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   the
                   Place
                   agreeable
                   to
                   its
                   nature
                   is
                   call'd
                   *
                   Barathrum
                   .
                
                 
                   Having
                   spoken
                   of
                   the
                   Three
                   Boundaries
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   by
                   which
                   it
                   is
                   distinguish'd
                   from
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Continent
                   ,
                   we
                   now
                   proceed
                   to
                   the
                   next
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Fourth
                   side
                   is
                   near
                   surrounded
                   with
                   a
                   †
                   vast
                   Sea
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   Harbours
                   ,
                   being
                   a
                   very
                   long
                   and
                   tedious
                   Voyage
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   difficult
                   to
                   find
                   any
                   place
                   of
                   Landing
                   .
                   For
                   from
                   Parcetonium
                   in
                   Africa
                   ,
                   to
                   Joppa
                   in
                   Coelo-Syria
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   almost
                   of
                   *
                   Five
                   Thousand
                   Furlongs
                   ,
                   there
                   's
                   not
                   one
                   safe
                   Harbour
                   to
                   be
                   found
                   ,
                   except
                   Pharus
                   .
                   Then
                   again
                   all
                   along
                   the
                   Coasts
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   the
                   Sea
                   is
                   full
                   of
                   Rocks
                   and
                   Sands
                   ,
                   not
                   discernible
                   by
                   Mariners
                   unacquainted
                   with
                   the
                   Places
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   when
                   they
                   look
                   upon
                   themselves
                   as
                   safe
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   have
                   escaped
                   the
                   danger
                   of
                   the
                   Seas
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   with
                   great
                   joy
                   to
                   Land
                   (
                   wanting
                   skill
                   to
                   steer
                   aright
                   )
                   they
                   are
                   on
                   a
                   sudden
                   and
                   unexpectedly
                   shipwrackt
                   .
                   Others
                   inconsiderately
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   cannot
                   see
                   the
                   Land
                   ,
                   in
                   regard
                   it
                   lies
                   so
                   low
                   ,
                   are
                   carried
                   either
                   into
                   the
                   Bogs
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   the
                   Deserts
                   .
                   And
                   in
                   this
                   manner
                   is
                   Egypt
                   naturally
                   guarded
                   on
                   every
                   side
                   .
                   It
                   's
                   of
                   a
                   long
                   Form
                   or
                   Shape
                   ;
                   that
                   part
                   that
                   lies
                   along
                   to
                   the
                   Sea-Coast
                   stretches
                   forth
                   it self
                   in
                   length
                   †
                   Two
                   Thousand
                   Furlongs
                   ;
                   but
                   to
                   the
                   South
                   it
                   runs
                   almost
                   *
                   Six
                   Thousand
                   Furlongs
                   .
                   It
                   was
                   anciently
                   the
                   most
                   Populous
                   Country
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   this
                   day
                   not
                   inferior
                   to
                   any
                   .
                   It
                   was
                   formerly
                   full
                   of
                   Famous
                   Towns
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   in
                   it
                   above
                   Eighteen
                   Thousand
                   Cities
                   ,
                   as
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   seen
                   registred
                   in
                   their
                   Sacred
                   Records
                   :
                   And
                   in
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   
                     Ptolemy
                     Lagus
                  
                   ,
                   there
                   were
                   reckon'd
                   above
                   
                   Three
                   Thousand
                   ,
                   which
                   remain
                   still
                   to
                   this
                   day
                   .
                   Once
                   they
                   say
                   in
                   a
                   General
                   Account
                   taken
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   ,
                   they
                   amounted
                   to
                   Seven
                   Millions
                   ;
                   and
                   at
                   this
                   time
                   are
                   no
                   less
                   than
                   Three
                   Millions
                   of
                   People
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   they
                   say
                   that
                   their
                   Kings
                   by
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   Multitude
                   ,
                   left
                   behind
                   them
                   in
                   their
                   great
                   and
                   wonderful
                   Works
                   ,
                   eternal
                   Monuments
                   of
                   their
                   state
                   and
                   grandure
                   ;
                   which
                   we
                   shall
                   by
                   and
                   by
                   distinctly
                   treat
                   of
                   :
                   But
                   at
                   present
                   we
                   shall
                   speak
                   of
                   the
                   nature
                   of
                   Nile
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   property
                   of
                   the
                   Soyl.
                   
                
                 
                   Nile
                   runs
                   from
                   the
                   South
                   towards
                   the
                   North
                   from
                   Spring-heads
                   hitherto
                   unknown
                   ,
                   
                   for
                   they
                   are
                   in
                   the
                   utmost
                   Borders
                   of
                   Ethiopia
                   ,
                   where
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   vast
                   Deserts
                   ,
                   and
                   Extremity
                   of
                   Heat
                   ,
                   there
                   's
                   no
                   coming
                   .
                   It
                   's
                   the
                   greatest
                   of
                   all
                   other
                   Rivers
                   ,
                   and
                   runs
                   through
                   many
                   Countries
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   has
                   many
                   large
                   Turnings
                   and
                   Windings
                   ,
                   sometimes
                   making
                   its
                   Way
                   to
                   the
                   East
                   and
                   Arabia
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   again
                   to
                   the
                   West
                   and
                   Lybia
                   .
                   For
                   it
                   runs
                   down
                   from
                   the
                   Mountains
                   of
                   Ethiopia
                   ,
                   till
                   it
                   empties
                   it self
                   into
                   the
                   Sea
                   ,
                   at
                   least
                   †
                   Twelve
                   Thousand
                   Furlongs
                   ,
                   accounting
                   the
                   several
                   Windings
                   it
                   makes
                   in
                   the
                   way
                   .
                   In
                   its
                   Course
                   it
                   makes
                   many
                   Islands
                   ;
                   amongst
                   many
                   others
                   in
                   Ethiopia
                   ,
                   one
                   remarkable
                   for
                   its
                   Greatness
                   ,
                   call'd
                   Meroes
                   ,
                   *
                   Two
                   and
                   Twenty
                   Furlongs
                   broad
                   .
                   But
                   in
                   the
                   lower
                   Places
                   its
                   swelling
                   Waves
                   grow
                   narrower
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Current
                   divides
                   it self
                   into
                   Two
                   Channels
                   towards
                   the
                   Continents
                   that
                   lye
                   on
                   either
                   side
                   the
                   Island
                   .
                   One
                   of
                   the
                   Currents
                   bends
                   towards
                   Africa
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   at
                   length
                   swallow'd
                   up
                   in
                   a
                   Bed
                   of
                   Sand
                   of
                   an
                   incredible
                   Depth
                   :
                   The
                   other
                   makes
                   its
                   Course
                   towards
                   Arabia
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   ,
                   and
                   falls
                   into
                   deep
                   Guts
                   and
                   vast
                   Bogs
                   ,
                   inhabited
                   round
                   by
                   divers
                   Nations
                   ;
                   entring
                   at
                   last
                   into
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   it
                   keeps
                   no
                   direct
                   Course
                   ,
                   but
                   turns
                   and
                   winds
                   here
                   and
                   there
                   in
                   some
                   Places
                   Ten
                   Furlongs
                   in
                   breadth
                   ,
                   in
                   others
                   less
                   ,
                   sometimes
                   running
                   towards
                   the
                   East
                   ,
                   then
                   to
                   the
                   West
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   back
                   again
                   to
                   the
                   South
                   .
                   For
                   Mountains
                   stand
                   on
                   both
                   sides
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   and
                   take
                   up
                   a
                   large
                   Tract
                   of
                   Ground
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   River
                   forcing
                   it self
                   with
                   great
                   violence
                   against
                   strait
                   and
                   narrow
                   Precipices
                   ,
                   the
                   Water
                   is
                   driven
                   back
                   ,
                   and
                   flows
                   over
                   the
                   Neighbouring
                   Fields
                   ;
                   and
                   after
                   it
                   has
                   run
                   a
                   considerable
                   way
                   towards
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   it
                   returns
                   at
                   length
                   to
                   its
                   natural
                   Course
                   .
                   And
                   though
                   this
                   River
                   is
                   thus
                   remarkable
                   above
                   all
                   others
                   ,
                   yet
                   this
                   is
                   especially
                   observable
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   its
                   Stream
                   runs
                   calm
                   and
                   smooth
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   violent
                   Surges
                   ,
                   or
                   tempestuous
                   Waves
                   ,
                   except
                   at
                   the
                   Cataracts
                   ;
                   a
                   Place
                   of
                   
                   Ten
                   Furlongs
                   being
                   so
                   call'd
                   ,
                   running
                   down
                   in
                   a
                   Precipice
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   straight
                   and
                   narrow
                   Passage
                   amongst
                   steep
                   Rocks
                   ;
                   the
                   whole
                   is
                   a
                   rugged
                   shelvy
                   Gulf
                   ,
                   where
                   there
                   lye
                   many
                   great
                   Stones
                   ,
                   like
                   huge
                   Rocks
                   .
                   The
                   Water
                   dashing
                   violently
                   against
                   these
                   Rocks
                   ,
                   is
                   beaten
                   back
                   ,
                   and
                   rebounds
                   the
                   contrary
                   way
                   ,
                   by
                   which
                   are
                   made
                   wonderful
                   Whirlpools
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   the
                   repeated
                   Influx
                   ,
                   the
                   whole
                   Place
                   is
                   cover'd
                   with
                   Froth
                   and
                   Foam
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   no
                   small
                   amazement
                   of
                   the
                   Beholders
                   :
                   For
                   the
                   River
                   there
                   runs
                   down
                   with
                   as
                   quick
                   and
                   violent
                   a
                   Current
                   ,
                   as
                   an
                   Arrow
                   out
                   of
                   a
                   Bow.
                   Sometimes
                   it
                   happens
                   that
                   (
                   these
                   Rocks
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   whole
                   Gulf
                   being
                   cover'd
                   with
                   the
                   vast
                   quantity
                   of
                   Waters
                   of
                   the
                   Nile
                   )
                   some
                   Ships
                   driven
                   with
                   contrary
                   Winds
                   are
                   hurried
                   down
                   the
                   Cataract
                   ,
                   but
                   there
                   's
                   no
                   possibility
                   of
                   Sailing
                   up
                   against
                   it
                   ,
                   the
                   force
                   of
                   the
                   Stream
                   baffling
                   all
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   Man.
                   There
                   are
                   many
                   Cataracts
                   of
                   this
                   kind
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   greatest
                   is
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   Confines
                   of
                   Ethiopia
                   and
                   Egypt
                   .
                
                 
                   How
                   the
                   River
                   Nile
                   makes
                   several
                   Islands
                   near
                   Ethiopia
                   (
                   amongst
                   which
                   Meroe
                   
                   is
                   the
                   chief
                   )
                   is
                   before
                   declar'd
                   .
                   In
                   this
                   Island
                   is
                   a
                   Famous
                   City
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Name
                   ,
                   which
                   Cambyses
                   built
                   ,
                   and
                   call'd
                   it
                   after
                   the
                   Name
                   of
                   his
                   Mother
                   Meroe
                   .
                   This
                   Island
                   is
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   the
                   shape
                   of
                   a
                   Shield
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   Greatness
                   exceeding
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Islands
                   in
                   those
                   Parts
                   ,
                   being
                   †
                   Three
                   Thousand
                   Furlongs
                   in
                   Length
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   *
                   Thousand
                   in
                   Breadth
                   ,
                   having
                   in
                   it
                   many
                   Cities
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   Meroe
                   is
                   the
                   Noblest
                   .
                   The
                   Island
                   is
                   surrounded
                   towards
                   the
                   Coasts
                   of
                   Lybia
                   with
                   vast
                   Heaps
                   of
                   Sand
                   ,
                   all
                   along
                   close
                   to
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   and
                   towards
                   Arabia
                   run
                   along
                   steep
                   rocky
                   Mountains
                   .
                   It
                   's
                   said
                   there
                   are
                   in
                   it
                   Mines
                   of
                   Gold
                   ,
                   Silver
                   ,
                   Iron
                   and
                   Brass
                   ,
                   a
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   Ebony
                   Trees
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   precious
                   Stones
                   .
                   To
                   conclude
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   so
                   many
                   Islands
                   made
                   by
                   this
                   River
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   's
                   scarce
                   credible
                   .
                   For
                   besides
                   those
                   Islands
                   in
                   that
                   part
                   of
                   Egypt
                   call'd
                   Delta
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   Seven
                   Hundred
                   ,
                   some
                   of
                   which
                   the
                   Ethiopians
                   inhabit
                   ,
                   and
                   sow
                   with
                   Millet
                   ;
                   others
                   are
                   so
                   pester'd
                   with
                   Serpents
                   ,
                   †
                   Baboons
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   Kinds
                   of
                   hurtful
                   Beasts
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   's
                   dangerous
                   to
                   come
                   into
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   River
                   Nile
                   parting
                   it self
                   into
                   several
                   Channels
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   makes
                   that
                   part
                   call'd
                   Delta
                   ,
                   so
                   call'd
                   from
                   the
                   shape
                   resembling
                   that
                   *
                   Greek
                   Letter
                   .
                   The
                   Two
                   Sides
                   of
                   this
                   Delta
                   are
                   fashion'd
                   by
                   the
                   Two
                   extream
                   Branches
                   of
                   the
                   River
                   ;
                   the
                   Foot
                   of
                   this
                   Letter
                   is
                   the
                   Sea
                   ,
                   where
                   the
                   Seven
                   Mouths
                   of
                   Nile
                   disgorge
                   themselves
                   .
                   
                   For
                   there
                   are
                   Seven
                   Places
                   call'd
                   Mouths
                   ,
                   through
                   which
                   it
                   empties
                   itself
                   into
                   the
                   Ocean
                   .
                   The
                   first
                   lying
                   to
                   the
                   most
                   Eastward
                   Channel
                   ,
                   is
                   at
                   Pelusium
                   ,
                   call'd
                   †
                   Pelusaicum
                   ;
                   the
                   Second
                   Taniticum
                   ;
                   the
                   Third
                   Mendesium
                   ;
                   the
                   Fourth
                   Phatniticum
                   ;
                   the
                   Fifth
                   Sebenyticum
                   ;
                   the
                   Sixth
                   Bolbitinum
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   last
                   Canopicum
                   or
                   Herculeum
                   ,
                   as
                   some
                   call
                   it
                   .
                   There
                   are
                   some
                   other
                   Mouths
                   made
                   by
                   Art
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   it
                   's
                   not
                   material
                   to
                   write
                   .
                   At
                   every
                   of
                   the
                   Mouths
                   is
                   a
                   City
                   built
                   on
                   either
                   side
                   of
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   defended
                   with
                   strong
                   Guards
                   and
                   Bridges
                   on
                   each
                   Bank.
                   From
                   Pelusaicum
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Arabian
                   Gulf
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   
                     Red
                     Sea
                  
                   ,
                   is
                   a
                   Canal
                   cut
                   out
                   .
                   Necos
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Psameticus
                   ,
                   was
                   the
                   First
                   that
                   began
                   this
                   Work
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   after
                   him
                   Darius
                   the
                   Persian
                   carry'd
                   it
                   on
                   ,
                   but
                   left
                   it
                   unfinish'd
                   ,
                   being
                   told
                   by
                   some
                   that
                   if
                   he
                   cut
                   it
                   through
                   the
                   Isthmus
                   ,
                   all
                   Egypt
                   would
                   be
                   drown'd
                   ,
                   for
                   that
                   the
                   
                     Red
                     Sea
                  
                   lay
                   higher
                   than
                   Egypt
                   .
                   The
                   last
                   Attempt
                   was
                   made
                   by
                   Ptolemy
                   the
                   Second
                   ,
                   who
                   cut
                   a
                   Sluce
                   cross
                   over
                   the
                   Isthmus
                   in
                   a
                   more
                   convenient
                   Place
                   ,
                   which
                   
                   he
                   open'd
                   when
                   he
                   had
                   a
                   mind
                   to
                   Sail
                   down
                   that
                   way
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   presently
                   after
                   shut
                   up
                   again
                   ;
                   which
                   Contrivance
                   prov'd
                   very
                   useful
                   and
                   serviceable
                   .
                   The
                   River
                   which
                   runs
                   through
                   this
                   Cut
                   is
                   call'd
                   Ptolemy
                   ,
                   after
                   the
                   Name
                   of
                   the
                   Maker
                   .
                   Where
                   it
                   falls
                   into
                   the
                   †
                   Sea
                   ,
                   there
                   's
                   a
                   City
                   built
                   call'd
                   *
                   
                     Arsinoe
                     .
                     Delta
                  
                   is
                   of
                   the
                   shape
                   of
                   Sicily
                   :
                   Both
                   sides
                   are
                   Seven
                   Hundred
                   and
                   Fifty
                   Furlongs
                   in
                   length
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Foot
                   which
                   lies
                   along
                   the
                   Sea-Coast
                   ,
                   is
                   Thirteen
                   Hundred
                   Furlongs
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Island
                   has
                   in
                   it
                   many
                   Dikes
                   and
                   Sluces
                   cut
                   by
                   Art
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   the
                   most
                   sweet
                   and
                   pleasantest
                   part
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ;
                   for
                   being
                   inricht
                   and
                   water'd
                   by
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   it
                   produces
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Grain
                   and
                   other
                   Fruits
                   ;
                   and
                   by
                   the
                   Yearly
                   overflowing
                   of
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   the
                   Face
                   of
                   the
                   Ground
                   is
                   still
                   continually
                   renew'd
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   have
                   an
                   easie
                   way
                   to
                   water
                   it
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   a
                   certain
                   Engin
                   ,
                   invented
                   by
                   Archimedes
                   the
                   Syracusian
                   ,
                   which
                   from
                   its
                   Form
                   is
                   call'd
                   †
                   Choclia
                   .
                   And
                   whereas
                   the
                   Nile
                   flows
                   gently
                   over
                   it
                   ,
                   it
                   brings
                   along
                   with
                   it
                   much
                   Soyl
                   ,
                   which
                   resting
                   in
                   low
                   and
                   hollow
                   Grounds
                   ,
                   makes
                   very
                   rich
                   Marishes
                   .
                   For
                   in
                   these
                   Places
                   grow
                   Roots
                   of
                   several
                   Tasts
                   and
                   Savours
                   ,
                   and
                   Fruits
                   and
                   Herbs
                   of
                   a
                   singular
                   nature
                   and
                   quality
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   very
                   useful
                   both
                   to
                   the
                   Poor
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   Sick
                   ;
                   for
                   they
                   do
                   not
                   only
                   afford
                   plentifully
                   in
                   every
                   Place
                   things
                   for
                   Food
                   ,
                   but
                   all
                   other
                   things
                   necessary
                   and
                   useful
                   for
                   the
                   Life
                   of
                   Man.
                   There
                   grows
                   in
                   great
                   Plenty
                   Lotus
                   ,
                   of
                   
                   which
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   make
                   Bread
                   for
                   the
                   nourishment
                   of
                   Man's
                   Body
                   .
                   Here
                   's
                   likewise
                   produc'd
                   in
                   plenty
                   Ciborium
                   ,
                   call'd
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Bean.
                   Here
                   are
                   divers
                   sorts
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   amongst
                   which
                   those
                   call'd
                   *
                   Persica
                   ,
                   whose
                   Fruit
                   is
                   of
                   wonderful
                   sweetness
                   :
                   This
                   Plant
                   was
                   brought
                   out
                   of
                   Ethiopia
                   by
                   the
                   Persians
                   ,
                   when
                   Cambyses
                   conquer'd
                   these
                   Places
                   .
                   The
                   Sycamore
                   (
                   or
                   Egyptian
                   Fig-tree
                   )
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   bear
                   Mulberries
                   ,
                   others
                   a
                   Fruit
                   like
                   unto
                   Figs
                   ,
                   and
                   bear
                   all
                   the
                   Year
                   long
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   a
                   Man
                   may
                   satisfie
                   his
                   Hunger
                   at
                   any
                   time
                   .
                   After
                   the
                   falling
                   of
                   the
                   Waters
                   of
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   they
                   gather
                   the
                   Fruits
                   call'd
                   Bates
                   ,
                   which
                   for
                   their
                   sweet
                   and
                   delightful
                   Taste
                   are
                   at
                   Entertainments
                   served
                   up
                   at
                   last
                   Course
                   as
                   delicious
                   Deserts
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Egyptians
                   make
                   a
                   Drink
                   of
                   Barley
                   ,
                   call'd
                   Zythus
                   ,
                   for
                   smell
                   and
                   sweetness
                   
                   of
                   Taste
                   not
                   much
                   inferior
                   to
                   Wine
                   .
                   They
                   make
                   a
                   Liquor
                   like
                   Oyl
                   for
                   the
                   feeding
                   of
                   their
                   Lamps
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   Juice
                   of
                   a
                   Plant
                   which
                   they
                   call
                   Cici
                   .
                   There
                   are
                   
                   many
                   other
                   Plants
                   which
                   grow
                   in
                   Egypt
                   of
                   admirable
                   use
                   ,
                   which
                   would
                   be
                   too
                   tedious
                   here
                   to
                   enumerate
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   River
                   Nile
                   breeds
                   many
                   Creatures
                   of
                   several
                   Forms
                   and
                   Shapes
                   ,
                   amongst
                   
                   which
                   ,
                   Two
                   are
                   especially
                   remarkable
                   ,
                   the
                   Crocodile
                   and
                   the
                   Horse
                   as
                   it
                   's
                   call'd
                   :
                   Amongst
                   these
                   the
                   Crocodile
                   of
                   the
                   least
                   Creature
                   becomes
                   the
                   greatest
                   ;
                   for
                   it
                   lays
                   an
                   Egg
                   much
                   of
                   the
                   bigness
                   of
                   that
                   of
                   a
                   Goose
                   ,
                   and
                   after
                   the
                   young
                   is
                   hatcht
                   ,
                   it
                   grows
                   to
                   the
                   length
                   of
                   Sixteen
                   Cubits
                   ,
                   and
                   lives
                   to
                   the
                   Age
                   of
                   a
                   Man
                   :
                   It
                   wants
                   a
                   Tongue
                   ,
                   but
                   has
                   a
                   Body
                   naturally
                   arm'd
                   in
                   a
                   wonderful
                   manner
                   .
                   For
                   its
                   Skin
                   is
                   cover'd
                   all
                   over
                   with
                   Scales
                   of
                   an
                   extraordinary
                   hardness
                   ;
                   many
                   sharp
                   Teeth
                   are
                   rang'd
                   on
                   both
                   sides
                   its
                   Jaws
                   ,
                   and
                   Two
                   of
                   them
                   are
                   much
                   bigger
                   than
                   the
                   rest
                   .
                   This
                   Monster
                   does
                   not
                   only
                   devour
                   Men
                   ,
                   but
                   other
                   Creatures
                   that
                   come
                   near
                   the
                   River
                   .
                   His
                   Bites
                   are
                   sharp
                   and
                   destructive
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   his
                   Claws
                   he
                   tears
                   his
                   Prey
                   cruelly
                   in
                   Pieces
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   Wounds
                   he
                   makes
                   ,
                   no
                   Medicine
                   or
                   Application
                   can
                   heal
                   .
                   The
                   Egyptians
                   formerly
                   catcht
                   these
                   Monsters
                   with
                   Hooks
                   ,
                   baited
                   with
                   
                   raw
                   Flesh
                   ;
                   but
                   of
                   later
                   times
                   ,
                   they
                   have
                   us'd
                   to
                   take
                   'em
                   with
                   strong
                   Nets
                   like
                   Fishes
                   ;
                   sometimes
                   they
                   strike
                   them
                   on
                   the
                   Head
                   with
                   Forks
                   of
                   Iron
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   kill
                   them
                   .
                   There
                   's
                   an
                   infinite
                   Multitude
                   of
                   these
                   Creatures
                   in
                   the
                   River
                   and
                   the
                   Neighbouring
                   Pools
                   ,
                   in
                   regard
                   they
                   are
                   great
                   Breeders
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   seldom
                   kill'd
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   Crocodile
                   is
                   ador'd
                   as
                   a
                   God
                   by
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   ;
                   and
                   for
                   Strangers
                   to
                   hunt
                   and
                   destroy
                   them
                   is
                   to
                   no
                   purpose
                   ,
                   for
                   their
                   Flesh
                   is
                   not
                   eatable
                   .
                   But
                   Nature
                   has
                   provided
                   relief
                   against
                   the
                   increase
                   of
                   this
                   destructive
                   Monster
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   Ichneumon
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   's
                   call'd
                   (
                   of
                   the
                   Bigness
                   of
                   a
                   little
                   Dog
                   )
                   running
                   up
                   and
                   down
                   
                   near
                   the
                   Water-side
                   ,
                   breaks
                   all
                   the
                   Eggs
                   laid
                   by
                   this
                   Beast
                   ,
                   whereever
                   he
                   finds
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   most
                   to
                   be
                   admir'd
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   does
                   this
                   not
                   for
                   Food
                   or
                   any
                   other
                   Advantage
                   ,
                   but
                   out
                   of
                   a
                   natural
                   Instinct
                   for
                   the
                   meer
                   Benefit
                   of
                   Mankind
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Beast
                   call'd
                   the
                   †
                   
                     River
                     Horse
                  
                   ,
                   is
                   Five
                   Cubits
                   long
                   ,
                   Four
                   Footed
                   ,
                   and
                   cloven
                   Hoof'd
                   like
                   to
                   an
                   Ox.
                   He
                   has
                   Three
                   Teeth
                   or
                   Tushes
                   on
                   either
                   side
                   his
                   Jaw
                   ,
                   appearing
                   outwards
                   larger
                   than
                   those
                   of
                   a
                   Wild-Boar
                   ;
                   as
                   to
                   his
                   Ears
                   ,
                   Tayl
                   and
                   his
                   Neighing
                   ,
                   he
                   's
                   like
                   to
                   a
                   Horse
                   .
                   The
                   whole
                   Bulk
                   of
                   his
                   Body
                   is
                   not
                   much
                   unlike
                   an
                   Elephant
                   ;
                   his
                   Skin
                   is
                   firmer
                   and
                   thicker
                   almost
                   than
                   any
                   other
                   Beast
                   .
                   He
                   lives
                   both
                   on
                   Land
                   and
                   Water
                   ;
                   in
                   the
                   Day
                   time
                   he
                   lies
                   at
                   the
                   Bottom
                   of
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   Night
                   time
                   comes
                   forth
                   to
                   Land
                   ,
                   and
                   feeds
                   upon
                   the
                   Grass
                   and
                   Corn.
                   If
                   this
                   Beast
                   were
                   so
                   fruitful
                   as
                   to
                   bring
                   forth
                   Young
                   every
                   Year
                   ,
                   he
                   would
                   undo
                   the
                   Husbandman
                   ,
                   and
                   destroy
                   a
                   great
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Corn
                   of
                   Egypt
                   .
                   He
                   's
                   likewise
                   by
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   many
                   Hands
                   often
                   caught
                   ,
                   being
                   struck
                   with
                   Instruments
                   of
                   Iron
                   ;
                   for
                   when
                   he
                   is
                   found
                   ,
                   they
                   hem
                   him
                   round
                   with
                   their
                   Boats
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   on
                   Board
                   wound
                   him
                   with
                   forked
                   Instruments
                   of
                   Iron
                   ,
                   cast
                   at
                   him
                   as
                   so
                   many
                   Darts
                   ;
                   and
                   having
                   strong
                   Ropes
                   to
                   the
                   Irons
                   ,
                   they
                   fix
                   in
                   him
                   ,
                   they
                   let
                   him
                   go
                   till
                   he
                   loses
                   his
                   Blood
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   dies
                   :
                   His
                   Flesh
                   is
                   extraordinary
                   hard
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   ill
                   digestion
                   .
                   There
                   's
                   nothing
                   in
                   his
                   inner
                   Parts
                   that
                   can
                   be
                   eaten
                   ,
                   neither
                   his
                   Bowels
                   ,
                   nor
                   any
                   other
                   of
                   his
                   Intrails
                   .
                
                 
                   Besides
                   these
                   before
                   mention'd
                   ,
                   Nile
                   abounds
                   with
                   multitudes
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   
                   Fish
                   ;
                   not
                   only
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   fresh
                   taken
                   to
                   supply
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   at
                   hand
                   ,
                   but
                   an
                   innumerable
                   Number
                   likewise
                   which
                   they
                   salt
                   up
                   to
                   send
                   Abroad
                   .
                   To
                   conclude
                   ,
                   no
                   River
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   is
                   more
                   Beneficial
                   and
                   Serviceable
                   to
                   Mankind
                   ,
                   than
                   Nile
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   s
                   Inundation
                   begins
                   at
                   the
                   Summer
                   *
                   Solstice
                   ,
                   and
                   increases
                   till
                   the
                   †
                   Equinoctial
                   in
                   Autumn
                   ;
                   during
                   which
                   time
                   he
                   brings
                   in
                   along
                   with
                   him
                   new
                   Soyl
                   ,
                   and
                   waters
                   as
                   well
                   the
                   Till'd
                   and
                   Improv'd
                   Ground
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   which
                   lies
                   waste
                   and
                   untill'd
                   ,
                   as
                   long
                   as
                   it
                   pleases
                   the
                   Husbandman
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   Water
                   flowing
                   gently
                   and
                   by
                   degrees
                   ,
                   they
                   easily
                   divert
                   its
                   Course
                   ,
                   by
                   casting
                   up
                   small
                   Banks
                   of
                   Earth
                   ;
                   and
                   then
                   by
                   opening
                   a
                   Passage
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   as
                   easily
                   turn
                   it
                   over
                   their
                   Land
                   again
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   see
                   it
                   needful
                   .
                   It
                   's
                   so
                   very
                   advantageous
                   to
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   ,
                   and
                   done
                   with
                   so
                   little
                   pains
                   ,
                   that
                   most
                   of
                   the
                   Country
                   People
                   turn
                   in
                   their
                   Cattel
                   into
                   the
                   sow'd
                   Ground
                   to
                   eat
                   ,
                   and
                   tread
                   down
                   the
                   Corn
                   ,
                   and
                   Four
                   or
                   Five
                   Months
                   after
                   they
                   reap
                   it
                   .
                   Some
                   lightly
                   run
                   over
                   the
                   Surface
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   with
                   a
                   Plow
                   ,
                   after
                   the
                   Water
                   is
                   fallen
                   ,
                   and
                   gain
                   a
                   mighty
                   Crop
                   without
                   any
                   great
                   Cost
                   or
                   Pains
                   :
                   But
                   Husbandry
                   amongst
                   all
                   other
                   Nations
                   ,
                   is
                   very
                   laborious
                   and
                   chargable
                   ,
                   only
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   gather
                   their
                   Fruits
                   with
                   little
                   Cost
                   or
                   Labour
                   .
                   That
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Country
                   likewise
                   where
                   Vines
                   are
                   planted
                   after
                   this
                   watering
                   by
                   the
                   Nile
                   ,
                   yields
                   a
                   most
                   plentiful
                   Vintage
                   .
                   The
                   Fields
                   that
                   after
                   the
                   Inundation
                   are
                   pastur'd
                   by
                   their
                   Flocks
                   ,
                   yield
                   them
                   this
                   advantage
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Sheep
                   Yean
                   twice
                   in
                   a
                   Year
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   shorn
                   as
                   often
                   .
                   This
                   Increase
                   of
                   the
                   Nile
                   is
                   wonderful
                   to
                   Beholders
                   ,
                   and
                   altogether
                   incredible
                   to
                   them
                   that
                   only
                   hear
                   the
                   Report
                   ;
                   for
                   when
                   other
                   Rivers
                   about
                   the
                   Solstice
                   fall
                   and
                   grow
                   lower
                   all
                   Summer
                   long
                   ,
                   this
                   begins
                   to
                   increase
                   ,
                   and
                   continues
                   to
                   rise
                   every
                   day
                   ,
                   till
                   it
                   comes
                   to
                   that
                   height
                   that
                   it
                   overflows
                   almost
                   all
                   Egypt
                   ;
                   and
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   Solstice
                   ,
                   it
                   falls
                   by
                   degrees
                   till
                   it
                   wholly
                   return
                   into
                   its
                   proper
                   Channel
                   .
                   And
                   in
                   regard
                   the
                   Land
                   of
                   Egypt
                   lies
                   low
                   and
                   Champain
                   ,
                   the
                   Towns
                   ,
                   Cities
                   and
                   Country
                   Villages
                   that
                   are
                   built
                   upon
                   rising-ground
                   (
                   cast
                   up
                   by
                   Art
                   )
                   look
                   like
                   the
                   Islands
                   of
                   the
                   Cyclades
                   :
                   Many
                   of
                   the
                   Cattel
                   sometimes
                   are
                   by
                   the
                   River
                   intercepted
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   are
                   drown'd
                   ;
                   but
                   those
                   that
                   fly
                   to
                   the
                   higher
                   Grounds
                   are
                   preserv'd
                   .
                   During
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   Inundation
                   ,
                   the
                   Cattel
                   are
                   kept
                   in
                   the
                   Country
                   Towns
                   and
                   small
                   Cottages
                   ,
                   where
                   they
                   have
                   Food
                   and
                   Fodder
                   before
                   laid
                   up
                   and
                   prepar'd
                   for
                   them
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   common
                   People
                   now
                   at
                   liberty
                   from
                   all
                   Imployments
                   in
                   the
                   Field
                   ,
                   indulge
                   themselves
                   
                   in
                   Idleness
                   ,
                   feasting
                   every
                   day
                   ,
                   and
                   giving
                   themselves
                   up
                   to
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Sports
                   and
                   Pleasures
                   .
                   Yet
                   out
                   of
                   fear
                   of
                   the
                   Inundation
                   ,
                   a
                   Watch
                   Tower
                   is
                   built
                   in
                   *
                   Memphis
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Kings
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   where
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   imploy'd
                   to
                   take
                   care
                   of
                   this
                   concern
                   ,
                   observing
                   to
                   what
                   height
                   the
                   River
                   rises
                   ,
                   send
                   Letters
                   from
                   one
                   City
                   to
                   another
                   ,
                   acquainting
                   them
                   how
                   many
                   Cubits
                   and
                   Fingers
                   the
                   River
                   rises
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   it
                   begins
                   to
                   decrease
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   the
                   People
                   coming
                   to
                   understand
                   the
                   Fall
                   of
                   the
                   Waters
                   ,
                   are
                   freed
                   from
                   their
                   fears
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   presently
                   have
                   a
                   foresight
                   what
                   plenty
                   of
                   Corn
                   they
                   are
                   like
                   to
                   have
                   ;
                   and
                   this
                   Observation
                   has
                   been
                   Registred
                   from
                   time
                   to
                   time
                   by
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   for
                   many
                   Generations
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   great
                   Controversies
                   concerning
                   the
                   Reasons
                   of
                   the
                   overflowing
                   of
                   
                   Nile
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   both
                   Philosophers
                   and
                   Historians
                   have
                   endeavour'd
                   to
                   declare
                   the
                   Causes
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   which
                   we
                   shall
                   distinctly
                   relate
                   ,
                   neither
                   making
                   too
                   long
                   a
                   Digression
                   ,
                   nor
                   omitting
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   so
                   much
                   banded
                   and
                   controverted
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   Increase
                   and
                   Spring-heads
                   of
                   Nile
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   its
                   emptying
                   of
                   it self
                   at
                   length
                   into
                   the
                   Sea
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   properties
                   peculiar
                   to
                   this
                   River
                   above
                   all
                   others
                   ,
                   though
                   it
                   be
                   the
                   greatest
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   yet
                   some
                   Authors
                   have
                   not
                   dar'd
                   to
                   say
                   the
                   least
                   thing
                   :
                   Some
                   who
                   have
                   attempted
                   to
                   give
                   their
                   Reasons
                   ,
                   have
                   been
                   very
                   wide
                   from
                   the
                   Mark.
                   For
                   as
                   for
                   
                     Hellanicus
                     ,
                     Cadmus
                     ,
                     Hecataeus
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   like
                   ancient
                   Authors
                   ,
                   they
                   have
                   told
                   little
                   but
                   frothy
                   Stories
                   ,
                   and
                   meer
                   Fables
                   .
                   Herodotus
                   above
                   all
                   other
                   Writers
                   very
                   industrious
                   ,
                   and
                   well
                   acquainted
                   with
                   General
                   History
                   ,
                   made
                   it
                   his
                   Business
                   to
                   find
                   out
                   the
                   Causes
                   of
                   these
                   things
                   ,
                   but
                   what
                   he
                   says
                   ,
                   is
                   notwithstanding
                   very
                   doubtful
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   things
                   seem
                   to
                   be
                   repugnant
                   and
                   contradictory
                   one
                   to
                   another
                   .
                   Thucydides
                   and
                   Xenophon
                   ,
                   who
                   have
                   the
                   reputation
                   of
                   faithful
                   Historians
                   ,
                   never
                   so
                   much
                   as
                   touch
                   upon
                   the
                   Description
                   of
                   any
                   Place
                   in
                   Egypt
                   .
                   But
                   Ephorus
                   and
                   Theopompus
                   ,
                   though
                   they
                   are
                   very
                   earnest
                   in
                   this
                   matter
                   ,
                   yet
                   they
                   have
                   not
                   in
                   the
                   least
                   discover'd
                   the
                   Truth
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   it
                   was
                   through
                   Ignorance
                   of
                   the
                   Places
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   through
                   Negligence
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   were
                   all
                   led
                   into
                   Error
                   .
                   For
                   anciently
                   none
                   of
                   the
                   Grecians
                   ,
                   till
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   
                     Ptolemy
                     Philadelphus
                  
                   ,
                   ever
                   went
                   into
                   Ethiopia
                   ,
                   or
                   so
                   much
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   utmost
                   Bounds
                   of
                   Egypt
                   .
                   For
                   those
                   Places
                   were
                   never
                   frequented
                   by
                   Travellers
                   ,
                   they
                   were
                   so
                   hazardous
                   ,
                   till
                   that
                   King
                   marcht
                   with
                   a
                   Grecian
                   Army
                   into
                   those
                   Parts
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   made
                   a
                   more
                   perfect
                   Discovery
                   of
                   the
                   Country
                   .
                
                 
                   No
                   Writer
                   hitherto
                   has
                   pretended
                   that
                   he
                   himself
                   ever
                   saw
                   or
                   heard
                   of
                   any
                   one
                   else
                   that
                   affirm'd
                   he
                   had
                   seen
                   the
                   Spring-heads
                   of
                   Nile
                   :
                   All
                   therefore
                   amounting
                   to
                   no
                   more
                   but
                   Opinion
                   and
                   Conjecture
                   ,
                   the
                   Priests
                   of
                   Egypt
                   affirm
                   that
                   it
                   comes
                   from
                   the
                   Ocean
                   ,
                   which
                   flows
                   round
                   the
                   whole
                   Earth
                   :
                   But
                   nothing
                   that
                   they
                   say
                   is
                   upon
                   any
                   solid
                   grounds
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   resolve
                   Doubts
                   by
                   things
                   that
                   are
                   more
                   doubtful
                   ;
                   and
                   to
                   prove
                   what
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   they
                   bring
                   Arguments
                   that
                   have
                   need
                   to
                   be
                   proved
                   themselves
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   the
                   Troglodites
                   (
                   otherways
                   call'd
                   Molgii
                   )
                   whom
                   the
                   scorching
                   Heat
                   forc'd
                   
                   to
                   remove
                   from
                   the
                   higher
                   Parts
                   into
                   those
                   lower
                   Places
                   ,
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   Signs
                   whence
                   a
                   Man
                   may
                   rationally
                   conclude
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   River
                   Nile
                   rises
                   from
                   Streams
                   which
                   run
                   from
                   many
                   Fountains
                   or
                   Spring-heads
                   ,
                   and
                   meet
                   at
                   last
                   in
                   one
                   Channel
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   most
                   fruitful
                   and
                   richest
                   River
                   of
                   any
                   that
                   is
                   known
                   in
                   the
                   World.
                   
                
                 
                   The
                   Inhabitants
                   of
                   the
                   Isle
                   of
                   Meroe
                   (
                   who
                   are
                   most
                   to
                   be
                   credited
                   upon
                   this
                   account
                   )
                   are
                   far
                   from
                   inventing
                   so
                   much
                   as
                   any
                   probable
                   Arguments
                   ;
                   and
                   though
                   they
                   live
                   near
                   to
                   the
                   Place
                   in
                   controversy
                   ,
                   are
                   so
                   far
                   from
                   giving
                   any
                   certain
                   account
                   of
                   this
                   matter
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   call
                   
                     Nile
                     ,
                     Astapus
                  
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   the
                   Greek
                   Language
                   ,
                   signifies
                   Water
                   that
                   issues
                   out
                   of
                   a
                   Place
                   of
                   Darkness
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   they
                   give
                   a
                   Name
                   to
                   the
                   River
                   to
                   denote
                   their
                   Ignorance
                   of
                   the
                   Place
                   whence
                   it
                   springs
                   :
                   But
                   that
                   seems
                   the
                   truest
                   Reason
                   to
                   me
                   ,
                   that
                   looks
                   to
                   be
                   furthest
                   from
                   Fiction
                   and
                   study'd
                   Contrivance
                   .
                   Yet
                   I
                   am
                   not
                   ignorant
                   ,
                   that
                   Herodotus
                   who
                   bounds
                   Lybia
                   both
                   on
                   the
                   East
                   and
                   West
                   with
                   this
                   River
                   ,
                   does
                   ascribe
                   the
                   exact
                   Knowledge
                   of
                   it
                   to
                   the
                   Africans
                   ,
                   call'd
                   Nasamones
                   ,
                   and
                   says
                   ,
                   that
                   Nile
                   rises
                   from
                   a
                   certain
                   Lake
                   ,
                   and
                   runs
                   through
                   a
                   large
                   Tract
                   of
                   Ground
                   down
                   all
                   along
                   through
                   Ethiopia
                   :
                   But
                   neither
                   are
                   the
                   Sayings
                   of
                   the
                   Africans
                   in
                   this
                   behalf
                   (
                   as
                   not
                   altogether
                   agreeable
                   to
                   Truth
                   ,
                   )
                   nor
                   the
                   affirmation
                   of
                   the
                   Writer
                   (
                   who
                   proves
                   not
                   what
                   he
                   says
                   )
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   absolute
                   credit
                   .
                   But
                   enough
                   concerning
                   the
                   Spring-heads
                   and
                   Course
                   of
                   Nile
                   ,
                   let
                   us
                   now
                   venture
                   to
                   treat
                   of
                   the
                   Causes
                   of
                   the
                   Risings
                   of
                   this
                   River
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Thales
                   ,
                   who
                   is
                   reckon'd
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Seven
                   Wise
                   Men
                   of
                   Greece
                   ,
                   is
                   of
                   Opinion
                   that
                   the
                   Etesean
                   Winds
                   that
                   beat
                   fiercely
                   upon
                   the
                   Mouth
                   of
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   give
                   a
                   
                   check
                   and
                   stop
                   to
                   the
                   Current
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   hinder
                   it
                   from
                   falling
                   into
                   the
                   Sea
                   ,
                   upon
                   which
                   the
                   River
                   swelling
                   ,
                   and
                   its
                   Channel
                   fill'd
                   with
                   Water
                   ,
                   at
                   length
                   overflows
                   the
                   Country
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   which
                   lies
                   flat
                   and
                   low
                   .
                   Though
                   this
                   seem
                   a
                   plausible
                   Reason
                   ,
                   yet
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   easily
                   disprov'd
                   .
                   For
                   if
                   it
                   were
                   true
                   what
                   he
                   says
                   ,
                   then
                   all
                   the
                   Rivers
                   which
                   run
                   into
                   the
                   Sea
                   against
                   the
                   Etesean
                   Winds
                   would
                   overflow
                   in
                   like
                   manner
                   ;
                   which
                   being
                   never
                   known
                   in
                   any
                   other
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   some
                   other
                   Reason
                   and
                   more
                   agreeable
                   to
                   Truth
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   be
                   sought
                   for
                   .
                   Anaxagoras
                   the
                   Philosopher
                   ascribes
                   the
                   Cause
                   to
                   the
                   melting
                   of
                   the
                   Snow
                   in
                   Ethiopia
                   ,
                   whom
                   the
                   Poet
                   Euripides
                   (
                   who
                   was
                   his
                   Scholar
                   )
                   follows
                   ,
                   saying
                   thus
                   —
                
                 
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                  
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     pleasant
                     Streams
                     of
                     th'River
                     Nile
                     forsakes
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Which
                     flowing
                     from
                     the
                     
                     Negro's
                     parched
                     Land
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Swells
                     big
                     when
                     th'
                     melting
                     Snow
                     to
                     th'River
                     takes
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Comes
                     furling
                     down
                     and
                     overflows
                     the
                     Strand
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Neither
                   is
                   it
                   any
                   hard
                   Task
                   to
                   confute
                   this
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   since
                   it
                   's
                   apparent
                   to
                   all
                   ,
                   that
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   parching
                   Heats
                   ,
                   there
                   's
                   no
                   Snow
                   in
                   Ethiopia
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   .
                   For
                   in
                   these
                   Countries
                   there
                   's
                   not
                   the
                   least
                   Sign
                   either
                   of
                   Frost
                   ,
                   Cold
                   or
                   any
                   other
                   effects
                   of
                   Winter
                   ,
                   especially
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   overflowing
                   of
                   Nile
                   .
                   And
                   suppose
                   there
                   be
                   abundance
                   of
                   Snow
                   in
                   the
                   higher
                   Parts
                   of
                   Ethiopia
                   ,
                   yet
                   what
                   is
                   affirm'd
                   is
                   certainly
                   false
                   :
                   For
                   every
                   River
                   that
                   is
                   swell'd
                   with
                   Snow
                   ,
                   fumes
                   up
                   in
                   cold
                   Fogs
                   ,
                   and
                   thickens
                   the
                   Air
                   ;
                   but
                   about
                   Nile
                   ,
                   only
                   above
                   all
                   other
                   Rivers
                   ,
                   neither
                   Mists
                   gather
                   ,
                   nor
                   are
                   there
                   any
                   cold
                   Breezes
                   ,
                   nor
                   is
                   the
                   Air
                   gross
                   and
                   thick
                   .
                   Herodotus
                   says
                   ,
                   that
                   Nile
                   is
                   such
                   in
                   its
                   own
                   nature
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   seems
                   to
                   be
                   in
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   its
                   Increase
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   in
                   *
                   Winter
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Sun
                   moves
                   to
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   and
                   runs
                   its
                   daily
                   Course
                   directly
                   over
                   Africa
                   ,
                   it
                   exhales
                   so
                   much
                   Water
                   out
                   of
                   Nile
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   decreases
                   against
                   Nature
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   Summer
                   when
                   the
                   Sun
                   returns
                   to
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   the
                   Rivers
                   of
                   Greece
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Rivers
                   of
                   all
                   other
                   Northern
                   Countries
                   fall
                   and
                   decrease
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   so
                   strange
                   for
                   Nile
                   about
                   Summer
                   time
                   to
                   increase
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   Winter
                   to
                   fall
                   and
                   grow
                   lower
                   .
                   But
                   to
                   this
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   answer'd
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   the
                   Sun
                   exhale
                   so
                   much
                   moisture
                   out
                   of
                   Nile
                   in
                   Winter
                   time
                   ,
                   it
                   would
                   do
                   the
                   like
                   in
                   other
                   Rivers
                   in
                   Africa
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   they
                   must
                   fall
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   Nile
                   ,
                   which
                   no
                   where
                   happens
                   throughout
                   all
                   Africa
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   this
                   Author's
                   Reason
                   is
                   frivolous
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   Rivers
                   of
                   Greece
                   rise
                   not
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   remoteness
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   but
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   great
                   Rains
                   that
                   fall
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   .
                
                 
                   Democritus
                   the
                   Abderite
                   says
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Northern
                   Countries
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   those
                   towards
                   
                   the
                   South
                   (
                   as
                   Anaxagoras
                   and
                   Euripides
                   say
                   )
                   are
                   subject
                   to
                   Snow
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   it
                   's
                   clear
                   and
                   evident
                   to
                   every
                   Body
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   Northern
                   Parts
                   ,
                   Drifts
                   and
                   Heaps
                   of
                   Snow
                   lye
                   congeal'd
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   Winter
                   Solstice
                   ;
                   but
                   in
                   Summer
                   ,
                   the
                   Ice
                   being
                   melted
                   by
                   the
                   heat
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   the
                   Land
                   becomes
                   very
                   wet
                   ,
                   which
                   causes
                   many
                   thick
                   Mists
                   to
                   appear
                   upon
                   the
                   Hills
                   from
                   the
                   Vapours
                   rising
                   from
                   the
                   Earth
                   .
                   These
                   Vapours
                   ,
                   he
                   says
                   ,
                   are
                   driven
                   about
                   by
                   the
                   Etesean
                   Winds
                   ,
                   till
                   they
                   fall
                   upon
                   the
                   highest
                   Mountains
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   (
                   as
                   he
                   affirms
                   in
                   Ethiopia
                   )
                   and
                   by
                   the
                   violent
                   impression
                   they
                   make
                   upon
                   the
                   Tops
                   of
                   these
                   Mountains
                   ,
                   great
                   Storms
                   and
                   Showers
                   of
                   Rain
                   are
                   occasion'd
                   ,
                   which
                   about
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   Etesean
                   Winds
                   cause
                   the
                   River
                   to
                   rise
                   .
                   But
                   if
                   any
                   will
                   diligently
                   observe
                   the
                   time
                   and
                   season
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   when
                   this
                   falls
                   out
                   ,
                   he
                   may
                   easily
                   answer
                   this
                   Argument
                   ;
                   for
                   Nile
                   begins
                   to
                   swell
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   Summer
                   Solstice
                   ,
                   when
                   there
                   are
                   no
                   Etesean
                   Winds
                   ;
                   and
                   after
                   the
                   Autumnal
                   Equinox
                   ,
                   when
                   those
                   Winds
                   are
                   past
                   ,
                   it
                   falls
                   again
                   .
                   Inasmuch
                   therefore
                   as
                   certain
                   Experience
                   to
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   answers
                   all
                   Arguments
                   be
                   they
                   never
                   so
                   probable
                   ,
                   the
                   Mans
                   diligence
                   and
                   ingenuity
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   commended
                   ,
                   but
                   his
                   Affirmations
                   and
                   Opinions
                   by
                   no
                   means
                   to
                   be
                   rely'd
                   upon
                   :
                   And
                   I
                   wave
                   this
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   's
                   evident
                   that
                   the
                   Etesean
                   Winds
                   come
                   as
                   often
                   from
                   the
                   West
                   ,
                   as
                   from
                   the
                   North.
                   For
                   not
                   only
                   the
                   North-East
                   Winds
                   call'd
                   Aparctie
                   ,
                   but
                   those
                   of
                   the
                   North-West
                   
                   call'd
                   Argeste
                   ,
                   go
                   under
                   the
                   name
                   of
                   the
                   Etesean
                   Winds
                   .
                   And
                   whereas
                   he
                   
                   affirms
                   that
                   the
                   greatest
                   Mountains
                   are
                   in
                   Ethiopia
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   wants
                   proof
                   ,
                   so
                   likewise
                   all
                   grounds
                   for
                   credit
                   and
                   belief
                   ,
                   as
                   is
                   evident
                   from
                   the
                   thing
                   itself
                   .
                
                 
                   Ephorus
                   ,
                   who
                   gives
                   the
                   last
                   account
                   of
                   the
                   thing
                   ,
                   endeavours
                   to
                   ascertain
                   the
                   
                   Reason
                   ,
                   but
                   seems
                   not
                   to
                   find
                   out
                   the
                   Truth
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   whole
                   Land
                   of
                   Egypt
                   (
                   says
                   he
                   )
                   is
                   cast
                   up
                   from
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Soyl
                   is
                   of
                   a
                   loose
                   and
                   spungy
                   nature
                   ,
                   and
                   has
                   in
                   it
                   many
                   large
                   Clifts
                   and
                   hollow
                   Places
                   ,
                   wherein
                   are
                   abundance
                   of
                   Water
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   the
                   Winter-time
                   is
                   frozen
                   up
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   Summer
                   issues
                   out
                   on
                   every
                   side
                   ,
                   like
                   Sweat
                   from
                   the
                   Pores
                   ,
                   which
                   occasions
                   the
                   River
                   Nile
                   to
                   rise
                   .
                   This
                   Writer
                   does
                   not
                   only
                   betray
                   his
                   own
                   Ignorance
                   of
                   the
                   nature
                   of
                   Places
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   never
                   saw
                   them
                   himself
                   ,
                   but
                   likewise
                   that
                   he
                   never
                   was
                   rightly
                   inform'd
                   by
                   any
                   that
                   was
                   acquainted
                   with
                   them
                   .
                   For
                   if
                   the
                   overflowing
                   of
                   Nile
                   should
                   proceed
                   from
                   Egypt
                   it self
                   ,
                   it
                   could
                   not
                   flow
                   above
                   the
                   Land
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   where
                   it
                   passes
                   through
                   Rocks
                   and
                   Mountainous
                   Places
                   .
                   For
                   as
                   it
                   takes
                   its
                   Course
                   through
                   Ethiopia
                   for
                   above
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   Six
                   Thousand
                   Furlongs
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   at
                   its
                   full
                   height
                   before
                   ever
                   it
                   reach
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   if
                   the
                   River
                   Nile
                   lye
                   lower
                   than
                   the
                   Caverns
                   of
                   congested
                   Earth
                   ,
                   those
                   Clefts
                   and
                   hollow
                   Places
                   must
                   be
                   above
                   ,
                   towards
                   the
                   Superficies
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   it
                   is
                   impossible
                   so
                   much
                   Water
                   should
                   be
                   contain'd
                   .
                   And
                   if
                   the
                   River
                   lye
                   higher
                   than
                   those
                   spongy
                   Caverns
                   ,
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   possible
                   that
                   from
                   hollow
                   Places
                   ,
                   much
                   lower
                   than
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   the
                   Water
                   should
                   rise
                   higher
                   than
                   the
                   River
                   .
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   who
                   can
                   imagin
                   that
                   Waters
                   issuing
                   out
                   of
                   Holes
                   and
                   hollow
                   Parts
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   should
                   raise
                   the
                   River
                   to
                   such
                   a
                   height
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   overflow
                   almost
                   all
                   the
                   Land
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ?
                   But
                   I
                   let
                   pass
                   this
                   vain
                   Imagination
                   of
                   Casting
                   up
                   the
                   Soyl
                   ,
                   and
                   lodging
                   of
                   Waters
                   in
                   the
                   Bowels
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   being
                   so
                   easily
                   to
                   be
                   confuted
                   .
                   The
                   River
                   Meander
                   hath
                   cast
                   up
                   a
                   great
                   Tract
                   of
                   Land
                   in
                   Asia
                   ,
                   whereas
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   Rising
                   of
                   Nile
                   ,
                   nothing
                   of
                   that
                   kind
                   in
                   the
                   least
                   can
                   be
                   seen
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   the
                   River
                   Archelous
                   in
                   Arcadia
                   ,
                   and
                   Cephesus
                   in
                   Beotia
                   ,
                   which
                   runs
                   down
                   from
                   Phocea
                   ,
                   have
                   cast
                   up
                   great
                   quantities
                   of
                   Earth
                   ,
                   by
                   both
                   which
                   the
                   Writer
                   is
                   convicted
                   of
                   falsity
                   :
                   And
                   indeed
                   no
                   Man
                   is
                   to
                   expect
                   any
                   certainty
                   from
                   Ephorus
                   ,
                   who
                   may
                   be
                   palpably
                   discern'd
                   not
                   to
                   make
                   it
                   his
                   business
                   in
                   many
                   things
                   to
                   declare
                   the
                   Truth
                   .
                   The
                   Philosophers
                   indeed
                   in
                   Memphis
                   have
                   urg'd
                   strong
                   Reasons
                   of
                   the
                   Increase
                   of
                   Nile
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   hard
                   to
                   be
                   confuted
                   ;
                   and
                   though
                   they
                   are
                   improbable
                   ,
                   yet
                   many
                   agree
                   to
                   them
                   .
                   For
                   they
                   divide
                   the
                   Earth
                   into
                   Three
                   Parts
                   ,
                   one
                   of
                   which
                   is
                   that
                   wherein
                   we
                   inhabit
                   ;
                   another
                   quite
                   contrary
                   to
                   these
                   Places
                   in
                   the
                   Seasons
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   ;
                   the
                   Third
                   lying
                   between
                   these
                   Two
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   say
                   is
                   uninhabitable
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   scorching
                   heat
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   if
                   Nile
                   should
                   overflow
                   in
                   the
                   Winter-time
                   ,
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   clear
                   and
                   evident
                   ,
                   that
                   its
                   Source
                   would
                   arise
                   out
                   of
                   our
                   Zone
                   ,
                   because
                   then
                   we
                   have
                   the
                   most
                   Rain
                   :
                   But
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   being
                   that
                   it
                   rises
                   in
                   Summer
                   ,
                   it
                   's
                   very
                   probable
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   Country
                   opposite
                   to
                   us
                   it's
                   Winter-time
                   ,
                   where
                   then
                   there
                   's
                   much
                   Rain
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   those
                   Floods
                   of
                   Water
                   are
                   brought
                   down
                   thence
                   to
                   us
                   :
                   And
                   therefore
                   that
                   none
                   can
                   ever
                   find
                   out
                   the
                   Head-Springs
                   of
                   Nile
                   ,
                   because
                   the
                   River
                   has
                   its
                   Course
                   through
                   the
                   opposite
                   Zone
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   uninhabited
                   .
                   And
                   the
                   exceeding
                   sweetness
                   of
                   the
                   Water
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   Confirmation
                   of
                   this
                   Opinion
                   ;
                   for
                   passing
                   through
                   the
                   Torrid
                   Zone
                   ,
                   the
                   Water
                   is
                   boil'd
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   this
                   River
                   is
                   sweeter
                   than
                   any
                   other
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   ;
                   for
                   Heat
                   does
                   naturally
                   dulcorate
                   Water
                   .
                   But
                   this
                   Reason
                   is
                   easily
                   refuted
                   ;
                   for
                   its
                   plainly
                   impossible
                   that
                   the
                   River
                   should
                   rise
                   to
                   that
                   height
                   ,
                   and
                   come
                   down
                   to
                   us
                   from
                   the
                   opposite
                   Zone
                   ;
                   especially
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   granted
                   that
                   the
                   Earth
                   is
                   round
                   .
                   But
                   if
                   any
                   yet
                   shall
                   be
                   so
                   obstinate
                   as
                   to
                   affirm
                   it
                   is
                   so
                   as
                   the
                   Philosophers
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   I
                   must
                   in
                   short
                   say
                   it
                   's
                   against
                   and
                   contrary
                   to
                   the
                   Laws
                   of
                   Nature
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   being
                   they
                   hold
                   Opinions
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   nature
                   of
                   the
                   things
                   can
                   hardly
                   be
                   disprov'd
                   ,
                   and
                   place
                   an
                   inhabitable
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   between
                   us
                   and
                   them
                   that
                   are
                   opposite
                   to
                   us
                   ;
                   they
                   conclude
                   ,
                   that
                   by
                   this
                   device
                   ,
                   they
                   have
                   made
                   it
                   impossible
                   ,
                   and
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   reach
                   of
                   the
                   Wit
                   of
                   Man
                   to
                   confute
                   them
                   .
                   But
                   it
                   is
                   but
                   just
                   and
                   equal
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   who
                   affirm
                   any
                   thing
                   positively
                   ,
                   should
                   prove
                   what
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   either
                   by
                   good
                   Authority
                   or
                   strength
                   of
                   Reason
                   .
                   How
                   comes
                   it
                   about
                   that
                   only
                   the
                   River
                   Nile
                   should
                   come
                   down
                   to
                   us
                   from
                   the
                   other
                   opposite
                   Zone
                   ?
                   Have
                   we
                   not
                   other
                   Rivers
                   that
                   this
                   may
                   be
                   as
                   well
                   apply'd
                   to
                   ?
                   As
                   to
                   the
                   Causes
                   alledg'd
                   for
                   the
                   sweetness
                   of
                   the
                   Water
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   absur'd
                   :
                   For
                   if
                   the
                   Water
                   be
                   boyl'd
                   with
                   the
                   parching
                   Heat
                   ,
                   and
                   thereupon
                   becomes
                   sweet
                   ,
                   it
                   would
                   have
                   no
                   productive
                   
                   quality
                   ,
                   either
                   of
                   Fish
                   or
                   other
                   Kinds
                   of
                   Creatures
                   and
                   Beasts
                   ;
                   for
                   all
                   Water
                   whose
                   Nature
                   is
                   chang'd
                   by
                   Fire
                   ,
                   is
                   altogether
                   incapable
                   to
                   breed
                   any
                   living
                   thing
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   being
                   that
                   the
                   Nature
                   of
                   Nile
                   contradicts
                   this
                   decoction
                   and
                   boyling
                   of
                   the
                   Water
                   ,
                   we
                   conclude
                   that
                   the
                   Causes
                   alledg'd
                   of
                   its
                   increase
                   are
                   false
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Opinion
                   of
                   Oenopides
                   of
                   Chios
                   is
                   this
                   :
                   The
                   Waters
                   (
                   say
                   he
                   )
                   that
                   are
                   under
                   the
                   Earth
                   in
                   Summer-time
                   ,
                   are
                   cold
                   ,
                   and
                   warm
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   ,
                   as
                   we
                   see
                   by
                   experience
                   in
                   deep
                   Wells
                   ;
                   for
                   in
                   a
                   sharp
                   Winter
                   they
                   are
                   the
                   least
                   cold
                   ,
                   but
                   in
                   Summer
                   they
                   are
                   the
                   coldest
                   of
                   any
                   other
                   time
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   ,
                   saith
                   he
                   ,
                   there
                   's
                   good
                   reason
                   that
                   Nile
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   should
                   grow
                   low
                   and
                   contracted
                   ,
                   because
                   the
                   Heat
                   in
                   the
                   Bowels
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   exhales
                   much
                   of
                   the
                   Water
                   ,
                   which
                   cannot
                   be
                   supply'd
                   ,
                   in
                   regard
                   no
                   Rains
                   fall
                   in
                   Egypt
                   .
                   But
                   in
                   Summer-time
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Waters
                   that
                   lye
                   deep
                   in
                   the
                   Earth
                   are
                   no
                   longer
                   exhal'd
                   ,
                   then
                   the
                   Channel
                   of
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   order
                   of
                   Nature
                   ,
                   fills
                   without
                   any
                   obstruction
                   .
                   But
                   to
                   this
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   answer'd
                   ,
                   that
                   many
                   Rivers
                   in
                   Africa
                   ,
                   whose
                   Mouths
                   lye
                   parallel
                   with
                   this
                   River
                   ,
                   and
                   run
                   the
                   like
                   Course
                   ,
                   yet
                   overflow
                   not
                   like
                   Nile
                   .
                   For
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   they
                   rise
                   in
                   Winter
                   ,
                   and
                   fall
                   in
                   Summer
                   ,
                   which
                   clearly
                   evinces
                   his
                   Falsity
                   ,
                   who
                   endeavours
                   with
                   a
                   shew
                   of
                   Reason
                   to
                   oppose
                   the
                   Truth
                   .
                   But
                   to
                   the
                   true
                   cause
                   ,
                   *
                   Agartharchides
                   of
                   Cnidus
                   comes
                   nearest
                   .
                   For
                   he
                   says
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   Mountainous
                   parts
                   of
                   Ethiopia
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   Yearly
                   continual
                   Rains
                   †
                   from
                   the
                   Summer
                   Solstice
                   to
                   the
                   Equinox
                   in
                   Autumn
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   there
                   's
                   just
                   cause
                   for
                   Nile
                   to
                   be
                   low
                   in
                   the
                   Winter
                   ,
                   which
                   then
                   flows
                   only
                   from
                   its
                   own
                   natural
                   Spring-heads
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   overflow
                   in
                   Summer
                   through
                   the
                   abundance
                   of
                   Rains.
                   And
                   though
                   none
                   hitherto
                   have
                   been
                   able
                   to
                   give
                   a
                   Reason
                   of
                   these
                   Inundations
                   ,
                   yet
                   he
                   says
                   his
                   Opinion
                   is
                   not
                   altogether
                   to
                   be
                   rejected
                   ;
                   for
                   there
                   are
                   many
                   things
                   that
                   are
                   contrary
                   to
                   the
                   Rules
                   of
                   Nature
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   none
                   are
                   able
                   to
                   give
                   any
                   substantial
                   Reason
                   .
                   That
                   which
                   happens
                   in
                   some
                   parts
                   of
                   Asia
                   ,
                   he
                   says
                   ,
                   gives
                   some
                   confirmation
                   to
                   his
                   Opinion
                   .
                   For
                   in
                   the
                   Confines
                   of
                   Scythia
                   ,
                   near
                   Mount
                   Caucasus
                   ,
                   after
                   the
                   Winter
                   is
                   over
                   ,
                   he
                   affirms
                   ,
                   that
                   abundance
                   of
                   Snow
                   falls
                   every
                   Year
                   for
                   many
                   Days
                   together
                   :
                   And
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   Northern
                   Parts
                   of
                   India
                   ,
                   at
                   certain
                   Times
                   ,
                   there
                   falls
                   abundance
                   of
                   Hail
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   an
                   incredible
                   Bigness
                   :
                   And
                   that
                   near
                   the
                   River
                   Hydaspis
                   ;
                   in
                   Summer-time
                   ,
                   it
                   rains
                   continually
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   happens
                   in
                   Ethiopia
                   for
                   many
                   Days
                   together
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   this
                   disorder
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                   whirling
                   about
                   ,
                   occasions
                   many
                   Storms
                   of
                   Rain
                   in
                   Places
                   near
                   adjoyning
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   therefore
                   it
                   's
                   no
                   wonder
                   if
                   the
                   Mountainous
                   Parts
                   of
                   Ethiopia
                   ,
                   which
                   lies
                   much
                   higher
                   than
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   are
                   soakt
                   with
                   continual
                   Rains
                   ,
                   wherewith
                   the
                   River
                   being
                   fill'd
                   ,
                   overflows
                   ;
                   especially
                   since
                   the
                   natural
                   Inhabitants
                   of
                   the
                   Place
                   affirm
                   ,
                   that
                   thus
                   it
                   is
                   in
                   their
                   Country
                   .
                   And
                   though
                   these
                   things
                   now
                   related
                   ,
                   are
                   in
                   their
                   nature
                   contrary
                   to
                   those
                   in
                   our
                   own
                   Climates
                   ,
                   yet
                   we
                   are
                   not
                   for
                   that
                   Reason
                   to
                   disbelieve
                   them
                   .
                   For
                   with
                   us
                   the
                   South
                   Wind
                   is
                   cloudy
                   and
                   boysterous
                   ,
                   whereas
                   in
                   Ethiopia
                   it
                   's
                   calm
                   and
                   clear
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   North
                   Winds
                   in
                   Europe
                   are
                   fierce
                   and
                   violent
                   ,
                   but
                   in
                   those
                   Regions
                   low
                   and
                   almost
                   insensible
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   however
                   (
                   after
                   all
                   )
                   though
                   we
                   could
                   heap
                   up
                   variety
                   of
                   Arguments
                   against
                   all
                   these
                   Authors
                   concerning
                   the
                   Inundation
                   of
                   Nile
                   ,
                   yet
                   those
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   before
                   alledg'd
                   shall
                   suffice
                   ,
                   lest
                   we
                   should
                   transgress
                   those
                   Bounds
                   of
                   Brevity
                   which
                   at
                   the
                   first
                   we
                   propos'd
                   to
                   our selves
                   .
                   Having
                   therefore
                   divided
                   this
                   Book
                   ,
                   because
                   of
                   the
                   Largeness
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   into
                   Two
                   Parts
                   (
                   having
                   before
                   determin'd
                   to
                   keep
                   within
                   moderate
                   Bounds
                   )
                   we
                   shall
                   now
                   end
                   the
                   first
                   part
                   of
                   this
                   Treatise
                   ,
                   and
                   continue
                   in
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   those
                   things
                   that
                   are
                   further
                   remarkable
                   in
                   Egypt
                   coherent
                   with
                   those
                   before
                   ,
                   beginning
                   with
                   the
                   Actions
                   of
                   the
                   Kings
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   antient
                   way
                   of
                   Living
                   among
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
               
                 THE
                 SECOND
                 PART
                 OF
                 THE
                 FIRST
                 BOOK
                 OF
                 
                   Diodorus
                   the
                   Sicilian
                
                 .
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   IV.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     First
                     way
                     of
                     Living
                     of
                     the
                     Egyptians
                     :
                     Gods
                     and
                     Demy-Gods
                     their
                     Reigns
                     in
                     Egypt
                     .
                     The
                     antient
                     Kings
                     of
                     
                       Egypt
                       ,
                       Menis
                    
                     ,
                     &c.
                     Their
                     several
                     Works
                     .
                     Thebes
                     built
                     by
                     Busiris
                     .
                     The
                     stately
                     Sepulchers
                     ,
                     Oblisks
                     and
                     Temples
                     there
                     .
                     A
                     Description
                     of
                     
                     Osimanduas's
                     Sepulcher
                     .
                     Memphis
                     built
                     by
                     Uchoreus
                     .
                     Meris's
                     Lake
                     .
                     Sesostris
                     or
                     Sesoosis
                     his
                     famous
                     Expedition
                     ,
                     and
                     great
                     Works
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   THE
                   First
                   Book
                   of
                   Diodorus
                   is
                   divided
                   into
                   Two
                   Parts
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   Greatness
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   the
                   First
                   whereof
                   is
                   as
                   a
                   Preface
                   to
                   the
                   whole
                   Work
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   which
                   an
                   Account
                   is
                   given
                   of
                   what
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   say
                   concerning
                   the
                   Beginning
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Creation
                   of
                   the
                   Universe
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   those
                   Gods
                   that
                   built
                   Cities
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   and
                   call'd
                   them
                   after
                   their
                   own
                   Names
                   ;
                   of
                   the
                   First
                   Men
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   antient
                   way
                   of
                   Living
                   ;
                   of
                   the
                   Worship
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   building
                   of
                   Temples
                   by
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   .
                   Moreover
                   of
                   the
                   Situation
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   strange
                   things
                   are
                   related
                   of
                   Nile
                   ;
                   the
                   Causes
                   of
                   its
                   Inundation
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   various
                   Opinions
                   of
                   Philosophers
                   and
                   Historians
                   concerning
                   it
                   :
                   Wherein
                   likewise
                   is
                   set
                   down
                   the
                   Confutations
                   of
                   the
                   several
                   Writers
                   .
                   In
                   this
                   we
                   shall
                   handle
                   and
                   go
                   through
                   those
                   matters
                   that
                   have
                   a
                   dependance
                   upon
                   the
                   former
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   we
                   have
                   distinctly
                   set
                   forth
                   the
                   antient
                   way
                   of
                   Living
                   among
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   then
                   begin
                   with
                   their
                   first
                   Kings
                   ,
                   and
                   declare
                   the
                   Acts
                   of
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   successively
                   down
                   to
                   Amasis
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   say
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   in
                   antient
                   Times
                   fed
                   upon
                   nothing
                   but
                   Roots
                   and
                   Herbs
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   Colewort
                   Leaves
                   ,
                   which
                   grew
                   in
                   the
                   Fens
                   and
                   Bogs
                   ,
                   having
                   first
                   try'd
                   the
                   Taste
                   of
                   them
                   :
                   But
                   above
                   all
                   and
                   most
                   commonly
                   ,
                   they
                   fed
                   upon
                   the
                   Herb
                   call'd
                   Agrostis
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   was
                   sweeter
                   than
                   any
                   other
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   very
                   nourishing
                   to
                   Mens
                   Bodies
                   :
                   And
                   it
                   's
                   very
                   certain
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Cattel
                   much
                   covet
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   grow
                   very
                   fat
                   with
                   it
                   .
                   At
                   this
                   Day
                   therefore
                   Superstitious
                   Persons
                   in
                   memory
                   of
                   its
                   usefulness
                   when
                   they
                   Sacrifice
                   to
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   they
                   worship
                   them
                   with
                   their
                   Hands
                   full
                   of
                   this
                   Herb
                   :
                   For
                   they
                   conceive
                   Man
                   from
                   the
                   frame
                   of
                   his
                   Nature
                   and
                   *
                   frothy
                   Constitution
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   watery
                   Creature
                   ,
                   something
                   resembling
                   the
                   Fenny
                   and
                   Marish
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   he
                   hath
                   more
                   need
                   of
                   moist
                   than
                   of
                   dry
                   Food
                   .
                   They
                   say
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   afterwards
                   fell
                   to
                   another
                   Course
                   of
                   Diet
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   was
                   eating
                   of
                   Fish
                   ,
                   wherewith
                   they
                   were
                   plentifully
                   supply'd
                   by
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   especially
                   after
                   the
                   Inundation
                   ;
                   when
                   it
                   was
                   return'd
                   within
                   its
                   former
                   Bounds
                   :
                   And
                   they
                   eat
                   likewise
                   the
                   Flesh
                   of
                   some
                   Cattel
                   ,
                   and
                   cloath'd
                   themselves
                   with
                   their
                   Skins
                   .
                   That
                   they
                   
                   made
                   their
                   Houses
                   of
                   Reeds
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   Marks
                   amongst
                   the
                   Shepherds
                   of
                   Egypt
                   at
                   this
                   day
                   ,
                   who
                   care
                   for
                   no
                   other
                   Houses
                   ,
                   but
                   such
                   like
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   serves
                   their
                   turn
                   well
                   enough
                   .
                   Afterwards
                   in
                   process
                   of
                   time
                   ,
                   after
                   many
                   Ages
                   ,
                   they
                   fell
                   to
                   those
                   Fruits
                   which
                   were
                   made
                   more
                   apt
                   and
                   fit
                   for
                   Mans
                   Food
                   ,
                   amongst
                   which
                   was
                   Bread
                   made
                   of
                   Lotus
                   ,
                   which
                   invention
                   some
                   attribute
                   to
                   Isis
                   ,
                   others
                   to
                   Menas
                   ,
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   antient
                   Kings
                   :
                   The
                   Priests
                   indeed
                   do
                   make
                   †
                   Hermes
                   the
                   Inventer
                   of
                   all
                   Arts
                   and
                   Sciences
                   ,
                   but
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   their
                   Kings
                   found
                   out
                   all
                   things
                   necessary
                   for
                   the
                   Support
                   of
                   Mens
                   lives
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   that
                   Kingdoms
                   antiently
                   were
                   not
                   inheritable
                   ,
                   but
                   given
                   to
                   such
                   as
                   had
                   been
                   most
                   useful
                   and
                   serviceable
                   to
                   the
                   People
                   ,
                   thereby
                   either
                   to
                   induce
                   their
                   Kings
                   to
                   be
                   kind
                   and
                   beneficial
                   to
                   all
                   their
                   Subjects
                   ,
                   or
                   for
                   that
                   (
                   as
                   most
                   agreeable
                   to
                   the
                   Truth
                   )
                   it
                   was
                   a
                   Law
                   registred
                   in
                   their
                   Sacred
                   Records
                   commanding
                   them
                   so
                   to
                   do
                   .
                
                 
                   At
                   the
                   first
                   (
                   as
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   
                     i.
                     e.
                  
                   the
                   Priests
                   have
                   fabulously
                   reported
                   )
                   the
                   
                   Gods
                   and
                   *
                   Demy-Gods
                   reign'd
                   in
                   Egypt
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   almost
                   of
                   Eighteen
                   Thousand
                   Years
                   ,
                   the
                   last
                   of
                   which
                   was
                   Orus
                   ,
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Isis
                   .
                   Afterwards
                   they
                   say
                   that
                   Men
                   reign'd
                   there
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   Fifteen
                   Thousand
                   Years
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Hundred
                   and
                   Eightieth
                   †
                   Olympiad
                   ,
                   at
                   which
                   time
                   I
                   my self
                   came
                   into
                   Egypt
                   in
                   the
                   Reign
                   of
                   *
                   Ptolemy
                   ,
                   who
                   took
                   upon
                   him
                   the
                   Name
                   of
                   Dionysius
                   the
                   Younger
                   .
                   Most
                   of
                   their
                   Kings
                   were
                   Natives
                   of
                   the
                   Country
                   .
                   There
                   were
                   a
                   few
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   that
                   were
                   
                     Ethiopians
                     ,
                     Persians
                  
                   and
                   Macedonians
                   .
                   Four
                   of
                   them
                   that
                   were
                   Ethiopians
                   ,
                   reign'd
                   not
                   in
                   a
                   continued
                   Line
                   ,
                   but
                   at
                   several
                   times
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   Thirty
                   Six
                   Years
                   or
                   thereabouts
                   :
                   From
                   the
                   time
                   that
                   Cambyses
                   conquer'd
                   the
                   Nation
                   ,
                   the
                   Persians
                   reign'd
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   a
                   Hundred
                   Thirty
                   Five
                   Years
                   ,
                   reckoning
                   the
                   Defections
                   of
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   within
                   the
                   time
                   occasion'd
                   by
                   the
                   intolerable
                   Cruelty
                   of
                   the
                   Governours
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   Impiety
                   against
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Gods.
                   Last
                   of
                   all
                   ,
                   the
                   Macedonians
                   tul'd
                   there
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   Two
                   Hundred
                   Seventy
                   Six
                   Years
                   .
                   The
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Princes
                   were
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   Four
                   Hundred
                   and
                   Seventy
                   Men
                   ,
                   and
                   Five
                   Women
                   .
                   The
                   Egyptian
                   Priests
                   keep
                   Registers
                   in
                   their
                   Temples
                   of
                   all
                   their
                   Kings
                   successively
                   from
                   many
                   Generations
                   past
                   ;
                   to
                   what
                   Greatness
                   and
                   Majesty
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   arriv'd
                   ;
                   what
                   were
                   their
                   particular
                   Tempers
                   and
                   Inclinations
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   Actions
                   in
                   their
                   several
                   times
                   .
                   To
                   write
                   particularly
                   of
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   tedious
                   ,
                   so
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   altogether
                   superfluous
                   ,
                   inas
                   much
                   as
                   many
                   things
                   concerning
                   them
                   are
                   insignificant
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   no
                   use
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   we
                   have
                   limited
                   our selves
                   to
                   treat
                   only
                   of
                   those
                   Matters
                   that
                   are
                   most
                   remarkable
                   and
                   worthy
                   remembrance
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   the
                   Gods
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   Menas
                   was
                   the
                   First
                   King
                   of
                   Egypt
                   .
                   He
                   taught
                   the
                   
                   People
                   the
                   Adoration
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   Divine
                   Worship
                   ;
                   how
                   to
                   adorn
                   their
                   Beds
                   and
                   Tables
                   with
                   rich
                   Cloaths
                   and
                   Coverings
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   brought
                   in
                   a
                   delicate
                   and
                   sumptuous
                   way
                   of
                   Living
                   .
                
                 
                   Many
                   Ages
                   after
                   ,
                   reign'd
                   Gnephachthus
                   ,
                   Father
                   of
                   Bocchoris
                   the
                   Wise
                   ;
                   who
                   leading
                   
                   an
                   Army
                   into
                   Arabia
                   ,
                   through
                   many
                   barren
                   and
                   desert
                   Places
                   ,
                   his
                   Provision
                   fail'd
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   one
                   day
                   he
                   was
                   forc'd
                   to
                   take
                   up
                   with
                   such
                   mean
                   Food
                   as
                   the
                   common
                   People
                   ,
                   among
                   whom
                   he
                   happen'd
                   then
                   to
                   be
                   ,
                   could
                   supply
                   him
                   with
                   ,
                   which
                   he
                   eat
                   so
                   heartily
                   ,
                   and
                   relisht
                   with
                   so
                   much
                   delight
                   ,
                   as
                   for
                   the
                   future
                   he
                   forbad
                   all
                   Excess
                   and
                   Luxury
                   ,
                   and
                   curs'd
                   that
                   King
                   who
                   first
                   brought
                   in
                   that
                   Sumptuous
                   and
                   Luxurious
                   way
                   of
                   Living
                   ;
                   and
                   this
                   change
                   and
                   alteration
                   of
                   Meat
                   and
                   Drink
                   and
                   Bedding
                   was
                   so
                   delightful
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   order'd
                   the
                   Curse
                   before
                   mention'd
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   enter'd
                   in
                   the
                   Sacred
                   Records
                   in
                   the
                   Temple
                   of
                   Jupiter
                   at
                   Thebes
                   ;
                   which
                   was
                   the
                   chief
                   Reason
                   why
                   the
                   Fame
                   and
                   Reputation
                   of
                   Menas
                   became
                   to
                   be
                   clouded
                   in
                   future
                   Generations
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   say
                   ,
                   the
                   Posterity
                   of
                   Gnephachthus
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   Fifty
                   Two
                   ,
                   reign'd
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   Fourteen
                   Hundred
                   Years
                   ;
                   in
                   which
                   time
                   there
                   's
                   found
                   nothing
                   worthy
                   of
                   Remark
                   .
                
                 
                   Afterwards
                   reign'd
                   Busiris
                   ,
                   and
                   Eight
                   of
                   his
                   Posterity
                   after
                   him
                   ;
                   the
                   last
                   of
                   
                   which
                   (
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Name
                   with
                   the
                   First
                   )
                   built
                   that
                   great
                   City
                   which
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   call
                   *
                   Heliopolis
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Greeks
                     Thebes
                  
                   ;
                   it
                   was
                   in
                   Circuit
                   a
                   †
                   Hundred
                   and
                   Forty
                   Furlongs
                   ,
                   adorn'd
                   with
                   stately
                   publick
                   Buildings
                   ,
                   magnificent
                   Temples
                   ,
                   and
                   rich
                   Donations
                   and
                   Revenues
                   to
                   Admiration
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   he
                   built
                   all
                   the
                   Private
                   Houses
                   ,
                   some
                   Four
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   Five
                   Stories
                   high
                   .
                   And
                   to
                   sum
                   up
                   all
                   in
                   a
                   word
                   ,
                   made
                   it
                   not
                   only
                   the
                   most
                   beautiful
                   and
                   stateliest
                   City
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   but
                   of
                   all
                   others
                   in
                   the
                   World.
                   The
                   Fame
                   therefore
                   of
                   the
                   Riches
                   and
                   Grandure
                   of
                   this
                   City
                   was
                   so
                   nois'd
                   abroad
                   in
                   every
                   Place
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Poet
                   Homer
                   takes
                   notice
                   of
                   it
                   in
                   these
                   Words
                   —
                
                 
                   
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                       〈◊〉
                    
                  
                
                 
                   
                     —
                     Nor
                     Thebes
                     so
                     much
                     renown'd
                     ,
                     
                  
                   
                     Whose
                     Courts
                     with
                     unexhausted
                     Wealth
                     abound
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Where
                     through
                     a
                     Hundred
                     Gates
                     with
                     Marble
                     Arch
                     ,
                  
                   
                     To
                     Battel
                     Twenty
                     Thousand
                     Chariots
                     march
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Although
                   there
                   are
                   some
                   that
                   say
                   it
                   had
                   not
                   a
                   Hundred
                   Gates
                   ;
                   but
                   that
                   there
                   were
                   many
                   large
                   Porches
                   to
                   the
                   Temples
                   ,
                   whence
                   the
                   City
                   was
                   call'd
                   Hecatompylus
                   ,
                   a
                   Hundred
                   Gates
                   ,
                   for
                   many
                   Gates
                   :
                   Yet
                   that
                   it
                   was
                   certain
                   they
                   had
                   in
                   it
                   Twenty
                   Thousand
                   Chariots
                   of
                   War
                   ;
                   for
                   there
                   were
                   a
                   Hundred
                   Stables
                   all
                   along
                   the
                   River
                   from
                   Memphis
                   to
                   Thebes
                   towards
                   Lybia
                   ,
                   each
                   of
                   which
                   were
                   capable
                   to
                   hold
                   Two
                   Hundred
                   Horses
                   ,
                   the
                   Marks
                   and
                   Signs
                   of
                   which
                   are
                   visible
                   at
                   this
                   day
                   :
                   And
                   we
                   have
                   it
                   related
                   ,
                   that
                   not
                   only
                   this
                   King
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   succeeding
                   Princes
                   from
                   time
                   to
                   time
                   ,
                   made
                   it
                   their
                   Business
                   to
                   beautify
                   this
                   City
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   there
                   was
                   no
                   City
                   under
                   the
                   Sun
                   so
                   adorn'd
                   with
                   so
                   many
                   and
                   stately
                   Monuments
                   of
                   Gold
                   ,
                   Silver
                   and
                   Ivory
                   ,
                   and
                   multitudes
                   of
                   Colossus's
                   and
                   Obelisks
                   ,
                   cut
                   out
                   of
                   one
                   entire
                   Stone
                   .
                   For
                   there
                   were
                   there
                   Four
                   Temples
                   built
                   ,
                   for
                   Beauty
                   and
                   Greatness
                   to
                   be
                   admir'd
                   ,
                   the
                   most
                   ancient
                   of
                   which
                   was
                   in
                   Circuit
                   *
                   Thirteen
                   Furlongs
                   ,
                   and
                   Five
                   and
                   Forty
                   Cubits
                   high
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   a
                   Wall
                   Four
                   and
                   Twenty
                   Foot
                   broad
                   .
                   The
                   Ornaments
                   of
                   this
                   Temple
                   were
                   suitable
                   to
                   its
                   Magnificence
                   ,
                   both
                   for
                   Cost
                   and
                   Workmanship
                   .
                   The
                   Fabrick
                   hath
                   continu'd
                   to
                   our
                   Time
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Silver
                   and
                   the
                   Gold
                   ,
                   and
                   Ornaments
                   of
                   Ivory
                   and
                   Precious
                   Stones
                   were
                   carry'd
                   away
                   by
                   the
                   Persians
                   ,
                   when
                   Cambyses
                   burnt
                   the
                   Temples
                   of
                   Egypt
                   .
                   At
                   which
                   time
                   they
                   say
                   those
                   Palaces
                   at
                   Persepolis
                   and
                   Susa
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Parts
                   of
                   Media
                   (
                   famous
                   all
                   the
                   World
                   over
                   )
                   were
                   built
                   by
                   the
                   Persians
                   ,
                   who
                   brought
                   over
                   these
                   rich
                   Spoils
                   into
                   Asia
                   ,
                   and
                   sent
                   for
                   Workmen
                   out
                   of
                   Egypt
                   for
                   that
                   purpose
                   .
                   And
                   it
                   is
                   reported
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Riches
                   of
                   Egypt
                   were
                   then
                   so
                   great
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   Rubbish
                   and
                   Cynders
                   there
                   were
                   found
                   and
                   gather'd
                   up
                   above
                   Three
                   Hundred
                   Talents
                   of
                   Gold
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   Silver
                   no
                   less
                   than
                   Two
                   Thousand
                   and
                   Three
                   Hundred
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   are
                   the
                   wonderful
                   Sepulchers
                   of
                   the
                   ancient
                   Kings
                   ,
                   which
                   for
                   
                   State
                   and
                   Grandure
                   far
                   exceed
                   all
                   that
                   Posterity
                   can
                   attain
                   unto
                   at
                   this
                   Day
                   .
                   The
                   Egyptian
                   Priests
                   say
                   that
                   in
                   their
                   Sacred
                   Registers
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   enter'd
                   Seven
                   and
                   Forty
                   of
                   these
                   Sepulchers
                   ;
                   but
                   in
                   the
                   Reign
                   of
                   
                     Ptolemy
                     Lagus
                  
                   ,
                   there
                   remain'd
                   only
                   Seventeen
                   ,
                   many
                   of
                   which
                   were
                   ruin'd
                   and
                   destroy'd
                   when
                   I
                   my self
                   came
                   into
                   those
                   Parts
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   in
                   the
                   Hundred
                   and
                   Eightieth
                   Olympiad
                   .
                   And
                   these
                   things
                   are
                   not
                   only
                   reported
                   by
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Priests
                   out
                   of
                   their
                   Sacred
                   Records
                   ,
                   but
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   Gr●cians
                   who
                   travel'd
                   to
                   Thebes
                   in
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   
                     Ptolemy
                     Lagus
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   writ
                   Histories
                   of
                   Egypt
                   (
                   among
                   whom
                   was
                   Hecateus
                   )
                   agree
                   with
                   what
                   we
                   have
                   related
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   First
                   Sepulchers
                   (
                   wherein
                   they
                   say
                   the
                   Women
                   of
                   Jupiter
                   were
                   buri'd
                   )
                   that
                   of
                   King
                   Osymanduas
                   was
                   Ten
                   Furlongs
                   in
                   Circuit
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   entrance
                   of
                   which
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   was
                   a
                   Portico
                   of
                   various
                   colour'd
                   Marble
                   ,
                   in
                   length
                   Two
                   Hundred
                   Foot
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   height
                   †
                   Five
                   and
                   Forty
                   Cubits
                   ;
                   thence
                   going
                   forward
                   ,
                   you
                   come
                   into
                   a
                   foursquare
                   Stone
                   Gallery
                   ,
                   every
                   Square
                   being
                   Four
                   Hundred
                   Foot
                   ,
                   supported
                   instead
                   of
                   Pillars
                   ,
                   with
                   Beasts
                   ,
                   each
                   of
                   one
                   intire
                   Stone
                   ,
                   Sixteen
                   Cubits
                   high
                   ,
                   carv'd
                   after
                   the
                   antique
                   manner
                   .
                   The
                   Roof
                   was
                   intirely
                   of
                   Stone
                   ,
                   each
                   Stone
                   *
                   Eight
                   Cubits
                   broad
                   ,
                   with
                   an
                   Azure
                   Sky
                   ,
                   bespangl'd
                   with
                   Stars
                   .
                   Passing
                   out
                   of
                   this
                   Perystilion
                   ,
                   you
                   enter
                   into
                   another
                   Portico
                   much
                   like
                   the
                   former
                   ,
                   but
                   more
                   curiously
                   carv'd
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   more
                   variety
                   .
                   At
                   the
                   Entrance
                   stand
                   Three
                   Statues
                   ,
                   each
                   of
                   one
                   intire
                   Stone
                   ,
                   the
                   Workmanship
                   of
                   Memnon
                   of
                   Sienitas
                   .
                   One
                   of
                   these
                   made
                   in
                   a
                   fitting
                   posture
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   greatest
                   in
                   all
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   the
                   measure
                   of
                   his
                   Foot
                   exceeding
                   Seven
                   Cubits
                   ;
                   the
                   other
                   Two
                   much
                   less
                   than
                   the
                   former
                   ,
                   reaching
                   but
                   to
                   his
                   Knees
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   standing
                   on
                   the
                   right
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   on
                   the
                   left
                   ,
                   being
                   his
                   Daughter
                   and
                   Mother
                   .
                   This
                   Piece
                   is
                   not
                   only
                   commendable
                   for
                   its
                   greatness
                   ,
                   but
                   admirable
                   for
                   its
                   Cut
                   and
                   Workmanship
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Excellency
                   of
                   the
                   Stone
                   ;
                   in
                   so
                   great
                   a
                   Work
                   there
                   's
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   discern'd
                   the
                   least
                   Flaw
                   ,
                   or
                   any
                   other
                   Blemish
                   .
                
                 
                   Upon
                   it
                   there
                   is
                   this
                   Inscription
                   —
                   
                     
                     
                       I
                       am
                       Osimanduas
                       King
                       of
                       Kings
                       ;
                       if
                       any
                       would
                       know
                       how
                       great
                       I
                       am
                       ,
                       and
                       where
                       I
                       lye
                       ,
                       let
                       him
                       excel
                       me
                       in
                       any
                       of
                       my
                       Works
                       .
                    
                  
                
                 
                   There
                   was
                   likewise
                   at
                   this
                   Second
                   Gate
                   ,
                   another
                   Statue
                   of
                   his
                   Mother
                   ,
                   by
                   her self
                   ,
                   of
                   one
                   Stone
                   ,
                   Twenty
                   Cubits
                   in
                   height
                   ;
                   upon
                   her
                   Head
                   were
                   plac'd
                   Three
                   Crowns
                   ,
                   to
                   denote
                   she
                   was
                   both
                   the
                   Daughter
                   ,
                   Wife
                   and
                   Mother
                   of
                   a
                   King.
                   Near
                   to
                   this
                   Portico
                   they
                   say
                   there
                   was
                   another
                   Gallery
                   or
                   Piazzo
                   ,
                   more
                   remarkable
                   than
                   the
                   former
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   were
                   various
                   Sculptures
                   representing
                   his
                   Wars
                   with
                   the
                   Bactrians
                   ,
                   who
                   had
                   revolted
                   from
                   him
                   ,
                   against
                   whom
                   (
                   it
                   's
                   said
                   )
                   he
                   march'd
                   with
                   Four
                   Hundred
                   Thousand
                   Foot
                   ,
                   and
                   Twenty
                   Thousand
                   Horse
                   ;
                   which
                   Army
                   he
                   divided
                   into
                   Four
                   Bodies
                   ,
                   and
                   appointed
                   his
                   Sons
                   Generals
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   first
                   Wall
                   might
                   be
                   seen
                   the
                   King
                   assaulting
                   a
                   Bulwark
                   ,
                   inviron'd
                   with
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   and
                   fighting
                   at
                   the
                   Head
                   of
                   his
                   Men
                   against
                   some
                   that
                   make
                   up
                   against
                   him
                   ,
                   assisted
                   with
                   a
                   Lion
                   in
                   a
                   terrible
                   manner
                   ,
                   which
                   some
                   affirm
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   taken
                   of
                   a
                   true
                   and
                   real
                   Lion
                   ,
                   which
                   the
                   King
                   bred
                   up
                   tame
                   ,
                   which
                   went
                   along
                   with
                   him
                   in
                   all
                   his
                   Wars
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   his
                   great
                   strength
                   ever
                   put
                   the
                   Enemy
                   to
                   flight
                   .
                   Others
                   make
                   this
                   Construction
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   King
                   being
                   a
                   Man
                   of
                   extraordinary
                   Courage
                   and
                   strength
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   willing
                   to
                   trumpet
                   forth
                   his
                   own
                   praises
                   ,
                   setting
                   forth
                   the
                   Bravery
                   of
                   his
                   own
                   Spirit
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   representation
                   of
                   a
                   Lion.
                   
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   Second
                   Wall
                   was
                   carv'd
                   the
                   Captives
                   dragg'd
                   after
                   the
                   King
                   ,
                   represented
                   without
                   Hands
                   and
                   Privy
                   Members
                   ;
                   which
                   was
                   to
                   signifie
                   that
                   they
                   were
                   of
                   effeminate
                   Spirits
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   no
                   Hands
                   when
                   they
                   came
                   to
                   fight
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Third
                   Wall
                   represented
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Sculptures
                   and
                   curious
                   Images
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   were
                   set
                   forth
                   the
                   King
                   's
                   sacrificing
                   of
                   Oxen
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   Triumphs
                   in
                   that
                   War.
                   
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   the
                   Peristylion
                   ,
                   open
                   to
                   the
                   Air
                   at
                   the
                   top
                   ,
                   was
                   rear'd
                   an
                   Altar
                   of
                   shining
                   Marble
                   ,
                   of
                   excellent
                   Workmanship
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   largeness
                   to
                   be
                   admir'd
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   last
                   Wall
                   were
                   Two
                   Statues
                   ,
                   each
                   of
                   one
                   intire
                   Stone
                   ,
                   †
                   Seven
                   and
                   Twenty
                   Cubits
                   high
                   :
                   Near
                   to
                   which
                   Three
                   Passages
                   open'd
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   *
                   Peristylion
                   ,
                   into
                   a
                   stately
                   Room
                   supported
                   with
                   Pillars
                   like
                   to
                   a
                   Theater
                   for
                   Musick
                   ;
                   every
                   side
                   of
                   the
                   Theater
                   was
                   Two
                   Hundred
                   Foot
                   Square
                   .
                   In
                   this
                   there
                   were
                   many
                   Statues
                   of
                   Wood
                   ,
                   representing
                   the
                   Pleaders
                   and
                   Spectators
                   looking
                   upon
                   the
                   Judges
                   that
                   gave
                   Judgment
                   .
                   Of
                   these
                   there
                   were
                   Thirty
                   carv'd
                   upon
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Walls
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   middle
                   sat
                   the
                   Chief
                   Justice
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   Image
                   of
                   Truth
                   hanging
                   about
                   his
                   Neck
                   ,
                   with
                   his
                   Eyes
                   clos'd
                   ,
                   having
                   many
                   Books
                   lying
                   before
                   him
                   :
                   This
                   signify'd
                   that
                   a
                   Judge
                   ought
                   not
                   to
                   take
                   any
                   Bribes
                   ,
                   but
                   ought
                   only
                   to
                   regard
                   the
                   Truth
                   and
                   Merits
                   of
                   the
                   Cause
                   .
                
                 
                   Next
                   adjoyning
                   was
                   a
                   Gallery
                   full
                   of
                   divers
                   Apartments
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   were
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Delicate
                   Meats
                   ready
                   drest
                   up
                   .
                   Near
                   hereunto
                   is
                   represented
                   the
                   King
                   himself
                   ,
                   curiously
                   carv'd
                   and
                   painted
                   in
                   glorious
                   Colours
                   ,
                   offering
                   Gold
                   and
                   Silver
                   to
                   the
                   Gods
                   ;
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   he
                   yearly
                   receiv'd
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Gold
                   and
                   Silver
                   Mines
                   .
                   The
                   Sum
                   was
                   there
                   inscrib'd
                   (
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Rate
                   of
                   Silver
                   )
                   to
                   amount
                   unto
                   Thirty
                   Two
                   Millions
                   of
                   ‖
                   Minas
                   .
                   Next
                   hereunto
                   was
                   the
                   Sacred
                   Library
                   ,
                   whereon
                   was
                   inscrib'd
                   these
                   Words
                   ,
                   
                     viz.
                     The
                     Cure
                     of
                     the
                     Mind
                     .
                  
                   Adjoyning
                   to
                   this
                   were
                   the
                   Images
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Gods
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   to
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   whom
                   the
                   King
                   was
                   making
                   Offerings
                   peculiarly
                   belonging
                   to
                   each
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   Osiris
                   and
                   all
                   his
                   Associates
                   who
                   were
                   plac'd
                   at
                   his
                   Feet
                   ,
                   might
                   understand
                   his
                   Piety
                   towards
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   Righteousness
                   towards
                   Men.
                   Next
                   to
                   the
                   Library
                   was
                   a
                   stately
                   Room
                   ,
                   wherein
                   were
                   Twenty
                   Beds
                   to
                   eat
                   upon
                   ,
                   richly
                   adorn'd
                   ;
                   in
                   this
                   House
                   were
                   the
                   Images
                   of
                   Jupiter
                   and
                   Juno
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   the
                   Kings
                   :
                   And
                   here
                   it
                   's
                   suppos'd
                   the
                   King's
                   Body
                   lies
                   inter'd
                   :
                   Round
                   the
                   Room
                   are
                   many
                   Apartments
                   ,
                   wherein
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   seen
                   in
                   curious
                   Painting
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   Beasts
                   that
                   are
                   accounted
                   Sacred
                   in
                   Egypt
                   .
                   Thence
                   are
                   Ascents
                   to
                   the
                   top
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   Monument
                   of
                   the
                   Sepulcher
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   mounted
                   ,
                   appears
                   a
                   Border
                   of
                   Gold
                   round
                   the
                   Tomb
                   of
                   Three
                   Hundred
                   Sixty
                   Five
                   Cubits
                   in
                   Compass
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   Cubit
                   thick
                   ;
                   within
                   the
                   Division
                   of
                   every
                   Cubit
                   ,
                   were
                   the
                   several
                   Days
                   of
                   the
                   Year
                   ingraven
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   natural
                   rising
                   and
                   setting
                   of
                   the
                   Stars
                   and
                   their
                   Significations
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Observations
                   of
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Astrologers
                   .
                   This
                   Border
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   was
                   carry'd
                   away
                   by
                   Cambyses
                   and
                   the
                   Persians
                   ,
                   when
                   he
                   conquer'd
                   Egypt
                   .
                   In
                   this
                   manner
                   they
                   describe
                   the
                   Sepulcher
                   of
                   King
                   Osimanduas
                   ,
                   
                   which
                   seems
                   far
                   to
                   exceed
                   all
                   others
                   both
                   for
                   Magnificence
                   and
                   Curiosity
                   of
                   Workmanship
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Thebans
                   boast
                   they
                   were
                   the
                   most
                   antient
                   Philosophers
                   and
                   Astrologers
                   of
                   
                   any
                   People
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   found
                   out
                   exact
                   Rules
                   for
                   the
                   improvement
                   both
                   of
                   Philosophy
                   and
                   Astrology
                   ,
                   the
                   Situation
                   of
                   their
                   Country
                   being
                   such
                   as
                   gave
                   them
                   an
                   Advantage
                   above
                   others
                   ,
                   more
                   clearly
                   to
                   discern
                   the
                   rising
                   and
                   setting
                   of
                   the
                   Stars
                   :
                   And
                   that
                   the
                   Months
                   and
                   Years
                   are
                   best
                   and
                   most
                   properly
                   order'd
                   and
                   dispos'd
                   by
                   them
                   ;
                   for
                   they
                   measure
                   their
                   Days
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Motion
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   of
                   the
                   Moon
                   ;
                   and
                   account
                   Thirty
                   Days
                   to
                   every
                   Month
                   ,
                   and
                   add
                   Five
                   Days
                   and
                   a
                   quarter
                   to
                   every
                   Twelve
                   Months
                   ;
                   and
                   by
                   this
                   means
                   they
                   compleat
                   the
                   whole
                   Year
                   ;
                   but
                   they
                   add
                   no
                   intercalary
                   Months
                   ,
                   nor
                   substract
                   any
                   Days
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   the
                   Custom
                   of
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   Greeks
                   .
                   But
                   these
                   of
                   Thebes
                   seem
                   most
                   accurately
                   to
                   have
                   observ'd
                   the
                   Eclipses
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   and
                   Moon
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   them
                   do
                   so
                   manage
                   their
                   Prognostications
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   certainly
                   foretel
                   every
                   particular
                   Event
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Eighth
                   of
                   this
                   King's
                   Race
                   ,
                   call'd
                   after
                   the
                   Name
                   of
                   his
                   Father
                   Vchoreus
                   ,
                   
                   built
                   Memphis
                   ,
                   the
                   most
                   Famous
                   City
                   of
                   Egypt
                   .
                   For
                   he
                   chose
                   the
                   most
                   convenient
                   Place
                   for
                   it
                   in
                   all
                   the
                   Country
                   ,
                   where
                   Nile
                   divides
                   it self
                   into
                   several
                   Branches
                   ,
                   and
                   makes
                   that
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Country
                   call'd
                   Delta
                   ,
                   so
                   nam'd
                   from
                   the
                   shape
                   of
                   the
                   Greek
                   Letter
                   †
                   Delta
                   ,
                   which
                   it
                   resembles
                   .
                   The
                   City
                   being
                   thus
                   conveniently
                   situated
                   at
                   the
                   Head
                   of
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   commands
                   all
                   the
                   Shipping
                   that
                   sail
                   up
                   it
                   .
                   He
                   built
                   it
                   in
                   Circuit
                   a
                   Hundred
                   and
                   Fifty
                   Furlongs
                   ,
                   and
                   made
                   it
                   exceeding
                   strong
                   and
                   commodious
                   in
                   this
                   manner
                   :
                   For
                   Nile
                   flowing
                   round
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   its
                   inundation
                   covering
                   all
                   round
                   on
                   the
                   South
                   Side
                   ,
                   he
                   casts
                   up
                   a
                   mighty
                   Rampart
                   of
                   Earth
                   ,
                   both
                   for
                   a
                   Defence
                   to
                   the
                   City
                   against
                   the
                   raging
                   of
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   a
                   Bulwark
                   against
                   an
                   Enemy
                   at
                   Land
                   ;
                   on
                   every
                   other
                   side
                   likewise
                   he
                   dug
                   a
                   broad
                   and
                   deep
                   Trench
                   ,
                   which
                   received
                   the
                   violent
                   Surges
                   of
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   and
                   fill'd
                   every
                   Place
                   round
                   the
                   Rampart
                   with
                   Water
                   ,
                   which
                   fortify'd
                   the
                   City
                   to
                   Admiration
                   .
                
                 
                   This
                   Place
                   was
                   so
                   commodiously
                   pitcht
                   upon
                   by
                   the
                   Builder
                   ,
                   that
                   most
                   of
                   the
                   Kings
                   after
                   him
                   prefer'd
                   it
                   before
                   Thebes
                   ,
                   and
                   remov'd
                   the
                   Court
                   thence
                   to
                   this
                   Place
                   :
                   From
                   that
                   time
                   therefore
                   the
                   Magnificence
                   of
                   Thebes
                   began
                   to
                   decrease
                   ,
                   and
                   Memphis
                   to
                   increase
                   to
                   the
                   Times
                   of
                   Alexander
                   King
                   of
                   Macedon
                   ,
                   who
                   built
                   a
                   City
                   call'd
                   after
                   his
                   own
                   Name
                   ,
                   near
                   the
                   Sea
                   ,
                   and
                   planted
                   it
                   with
                   Inhabitants
                   ,
                   
                   which
                   all
                   the
                   succeeding
                   Kings
                   of
                   Egypt
                   still
                   made
                   it
                   their
                   business
                   to
                   inlarge
                   :
                   For
                   some
                   so
                   beautify'd
                   it
                   with
                   Royal
                   Palaces
                   ,
                   some
                   with
                   Ports
                   and
                   Arsenals
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   with
                   magnificent
                   Buildings
                   and
                   rich
                   Donations
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   's
                   judg'd
                   by
                   most
                   to
                   be
                   Second
                   ,
                   if
                   not
                   the
                   first
                   City
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   World.
                   
                
                 
                   But
                   we
                   shall
                   treat
                   of
                   this
                   particularly
                   in
                   its
                   proper
                   Time
                   and
                   Place
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   Builder
                   of
                   Memphis
                   after
                   he
                   had
                   finish'd
                   the
                   Rampart
                   and
                   Trench
                   ,
                   built
                   Palaces
                   not
                   inferior
                   to
                   others
                   ,
                   built
                   elsewhere
                   ;
                   yet
                   much
                   below
                   the
                   state
                   and
                   grandure
                   of
                   the
                   former
                   Kings
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   of
                   this
                   Country
                   little
                   value
                   the
                   short
                   time
                   of
                   this
                   present
                   Life
                   ;
                   but
                   put
                   an
                   high
                   esteem
                   upon
                   the
                   Name
                   and
                   Reputation
                   of
                   a
                   Virtuous
                   Life
                   after
                   Death
                   ;
                   and
                   they
                   call
                   the
                   Houses
                   of
                   the
                   Living
                   ,
                   Inns
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   stay
                   in
                   them
                   but
                   a
                   little
                   while
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   Sepulchers
                   of
                   the
                   Dead
                   they
                   call
                   
                     Everlasting
                     Habitations
                  
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   abide
                   in
                   the
                   Graves
                   to
                   infinite
                   Generations
                   .
                   Therefore
                   they
                   are
                   not
                   very
                   curious
                   in
                   the
                   building
                   of
                   their
                   Houses
                   ;
                   but
                   in
                   beautifying
                   their
                   Sepulchers
                   they
                   leave
                   nothing
                   undone
                   that
                   can
                   be
                   thought
                   of
                   .
                
                 
                   Some
                   have
                   thought
                   that
                   the
                   City
                   of
                   which
                   we
                   have
                   but
                   just
                   now
                   spoken
                   ,
                   was
                   
                   so
                   call'd
                   from
                   the
                   Daughter
                   of
                   the
                   Founder
                   ,
                   and
                   tell
                   a
                   Fabulous
                   Story
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   River
                   Nile
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   shape
                   of
                   a
                   Bull
                   fell
                   in
                   love
                   with
                   her
                   ,
                   and
                   begat
                   Egyptus
                   ,
                   famous
                   among
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   for
                   his
                   admirable
                   Vertue
                   ,
                   from
                   whom
                   the
                   whole
                   Country
                   was
                   call'd
                   Egypt
                   ;
                   for
                   coming
                   to
                   the
                   Crown
                   by
                   Descent
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   exceeding
                   kind
                   to
                   his
                   Subjects
                   ,
                   just
                   and
                   diligent
                   in
                   all
                   his
                   Affairs
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   was
                   judg'd
                   justly
                   to
                   merit
                   Honour
                   and
                   Esteem
                   from
                   all
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   his
                   gracious
                   Disposition
                   generally
                   applauded
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   the
                   Death
                   of
                   this
                   King
                   ,
                   and
                   Twelve
                   Descents
                   ,
                   Miris
                   came
                   to
                   the
                   Crown
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   and
                   built
                   a
                   Portico
                   in
                   Memphis
                   towards
                   
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   more
                   stately
                   and
                   magnificent
                   than
                   any
                   of
                   the
                   rest
                   .
                   And
                   a
                   little
                   above
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   he
                   cut
                   a
                   Dyke
                   for
                   a
                   Pond
                   ,
                   bringing
                   it
                   down
                   in
                   length
                   from
                   the
                   City
                   Three
                   Hundred
                   and
                   Five
                   and
                   Twenty
                   *
                   Furlongs
                   ,
                   whose
                   use
                   was
                   admirable
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   the
                   Greatness
                   of
                   the
                   Work
                   incredible
                   .
                   They
                   say
                   it
                   was
                   in
                   Circuit
                   Three
                   Thousand
                   and
                   Six
                   Hundred
                   Furlongs
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   many
                   Places
                   Three
                   Hundred
                   Foot
                   in
                   depth
                   .
                   Who
                   is
                   he
                   therefore
                   that
                   considers
                   the
                   greatness
                   of
                   this
                   Work
                   ,
                   that
                   may
                   not
                   justly
                   ask
                   the
                   Question
                   ,
                   How
                   many
                   Ten
                   Thousand
                   Men
                   were
                   imploy'd
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   many
                   Years
                   were
                   spent
                   in
                   finishing
                   it
                   ?
                   Considering
                   the
                   Benefit
                   and
                   Advantage
                   (
                   by
                   this
                   great
                   Work
                   )
                   brought
                   to
                   the
                   Government
                   ,
                   none
                   ever
                   sufficiently
                   could
                   extol
                   it
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   what
                   the
                   Truth
                   of
                   the
                   thing
                   deserv'd
                   .
                   For
                   being
                   that
                   Nile
                   never
                   kept
                   to
                   a
                   certain
                   and
                   constant
                   height
                   in
                   its
                   Inundation
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   fruitfulness
                   of
                   the
                   Country
                   ever
                   depended
                   upon
                   its
                   just
                   proportion
                   ,
                   he
                   dug
                   this
                   Lake
                   to
                   receive
                   such
                   Water
                   as
                   was
                   superfluous
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   might
                   neither
                   immoderately
                   overflow
                   the
                   Land
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   cause
                   Fenns
                   and
                   standing
                   Ponds
                   ,
                   nor
                   by
                   flowing
                   too
                   little
                   ,
                   prejudice
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   Water
                   .
                   To
                   this
                   end
                   he
                   cut
                   a
                   Trench
                   all
                   along
                   from
                   the
                   River
                   into
                   the
                   Lake
                   ,
                   Fourscore
                   Furlongs
                   in
                   length
                   ,
                   and
                   *
                   Three
                   Hundred
                   Foot
                   broad
                   ;
                   into
                   this
                   he
                   let
                   the
                   Water
                   of
                   the
                   River
                   sometimes
                   run
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   other
                   times
                   diverted
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   turn'd
                   it
                   over
                   the
                   Fields
                   of
                   the
                   Husbandmen
                   ,
                   at
                   seasonable
                   times
                   ,
                   by
                   means
                   of
                   Sluces
                   which
                   he
                   sometimes
                   open'd
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   other
                   times
                   shut
                   up
                   ,
                   not
                   without
                   great
                   labour
                   and
                   cost
                   ;
                   for
                   these
                   Sluces
                   could
                   not
                   be
                   open'd
                   or
                   shut
                   at
                   a
                   less
                   Charge
                   than
                   Fifty
                   Talents
                   .
                   This
                   Lake
                   continues
                   to
                   the
                   Benefit
                   of
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   for
                   these
                   purposes
                   to
                   our
                   very
                   Days
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   
                   call'd
                   the
                   Lake
                   of
                   Myris
                   or
                   Meris
                   to
                   this
                   Day
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   King
                   left
                   a
                   place
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   of
                   the
                   Lake
                   ,
                   where
                   he
                   built
                   a
                   Sepulcher
                   and
                   Two
                   Pyramids
                   ,
                   one
                   for
                   himself
                   ,
                   and
                   another
                   for
                   his
                   Queen
                   ,
                   a
                   Furlong
                   in
                   Height
                   ;
                   upon
                   the
                   Top
                   of
                   which
                   he
                   plac'd
                   Two
                   Marble
                   Statues
                   seated
                   in
                   a
                   Throne
                   ,
                   designing
                   by
                   these
                   Monuments
                   to
                   perpetuate
                   the
                   Fame
                   and
                   Glory
                   of
                   his
                   Name
                   to
                   all
                   succeeding
                   Generations
                   .
                   The
                   Revenue
                   arising
                   from
                   the
                   Fish
                   taken
                   in
                   this
                   Lake
                   ,
                   he
                   gave
                   to
                   his
                   Wife
                   to
                   buy
                   her
                   †
                   Pins
                   ,
                   which
                   amounted
                   to
                   a
                   Talent
                   of
                   Silver
                   every
                   Day
                   .
                   For
                   there
                   were
                   in
                   it
                   Two
                   and
                   Twenty
                   sorts
                   of
                   Fish
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   vast
                   a
                   number
                   were
                   taken
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   who
                   were
                   imploy'd
                   continually
                   to
                   salt
                   them
                   up
                   (
                   though
                   they
                   were
                   multitudes
                   of
                   People
                   )
                   could
                   hardly
                   perform
                   it
                   .
                   And
                   these
                   are
                   the
                   things
                   which
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   relate
                   of
                   Myris
                   .
                
                 
                   Seven
                   Descents
                   after
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   *
                   Sesoosis
                   reign'd
                   ,
                   who
                   excell'd
                   all
                   his
                   Ancestors
                   in
                   great
                   and
                   famous
                   Actions
                   .
                   But
                   not
                   only
                   the
                   Greek
                   Writers
                   differ
                   among
                   themselves
                   about
                   this
                   King
                   ,
                   but
                   likewise
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Priests
                   and
                   †
                   Poets
                   relate
                   various
                   and
                   different
                   Stories
                   concerning
                   him
                   :
                   We
                   shall
                   relate
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   most
                   probable
                   and
                   agreeable
                   to
                   those
                   Signs
                   and
                   Marks
                   that
                   are
                   yet
                   remaining
                   in
                   Egypt
                   to
                   confirm
                   them
                   .
                   After
                   his
                   Birth
                   his
                   Father
                   perform'd
                   a
                   noble
                   Act
                   ,
                   and
                   becoming
                   a
                   King
                   ;
                   he
                   caus'd
                   all
                   throughout
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   that
                   were
                   born
                   the
                   same
                   Day
                   with
                   his
                   Son
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   brought
                   together
                   ;
                   and
                   together
                   with
                   his
                   Son
                   to
                   be
                   bred
                   up
                   with
                   the
                   same
                   Education
                   ,
                   and
                   instructed
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   Discipline
                   and
                   Exercises
                   ,
                   conceiving
                   that
                   by
                   being
                   thus
                   familiarly
                   brought
                   up
                   together
                   ,
                   and
                   conversing
                   one
                   with
                   another
                   ,
                   they
                   would
                   be
                   always
                   most
                   loving
                   and
                   faithful
                   Friends
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   best
                   Fellow-Souldiers
                   in
                   all
                   the
                   Wars
                   .
                   Providing
                   therefore
                   every
                   thing
                   for
                   the
                   purpose
                   ,
                   he
                   caus'd
                   the
                   Boys
                   to
                   be
                   exercised
                   daily
                   in
                   the
                   Schools
                   with
                   hard
                   and
                   difficult
                   Labours
                   ;
                   as
                   that
                   none
                   should
                   eat
                   till
                   he
                   had
                   run
                   a
                   *
                   Hundred
                   and
                   Fourscore
                   Furlongs
                   :
                   And
                   by
                   this
                   means
                   when
                   they
                   came
                   to
                   be
                   at
                   Mens
                   Estate
                   ,
                   they
                   were
                   fit
                   either
                   to
                   be
                   Commanders
                   ,
                   or
                   undertake
                   any
                   brave
                   or
                   noble
                   Action
                   ,
                   both
                   in
                   respect
                   of
                   the
                   vigour
                   and
                   strength
                   of
                   their
                   Bodies
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   excellent
                   Endowments
                   of
                   their
                   Minds
                   .
                
                 
                   Sesostris
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   Place
                   being
                   sent
                   with
                   an
                   Army
                   into
                   Arabia
                   ,
                   by
                   his
                   Father
                   ,
                   (
                   with
                   whom
                   went
                   his
                   Companions
                   that
                   were
                   bred
                   up
                   with
                   him
                   )
                   toil'd
                   and
                   troubl'd
                   himself
                   with
                   the
                   hunting
                   and
                   killing
                   of
                   Wild
                   Beasts
                   ;
                   and
                   then
                   having
                   at
                   last
                   overmaster'd
                   all
                   his
                   Fatigues
                   and
                   wants
                   of
                   Water
                   and
                   Provision
                   ,
                   he
                   conquer'd
                   all
                   that
                   barbarous
                   Nation
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   never
                   before
                   that
                   time
                   subdu'd
                   .
                   Afterwards
                   being
                   sent
                   into
                   the
                   Western
                   Parts
                   ,
                   he
                   conquer'd
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   Lybia
                   ,
                   being
                   as
                   yet
                   but
                   a
                   Youth
                   .
                   Coming
                   to
                   the
                   Crown
                   after
                   the
                   Death
                   of
                   his
                   Father
                   ,
                   incourag'd
                   by
                   his
                   former
                   Successes
                   ,
                   he
                   design'd
                   to
                   subdue
                   and
                   conquer
                   the
                   whole
                   World.
                   Some
                   report
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   stirr'd
                   up
                   by
                   his
                   Daughter
                   Athyrte
                   to
                   undertake
                   the
                   gaining
                   of
                   the
                   Empire
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   ;
                   for
                   being
                   a
                   Woman
                   of
                   an
                   extraordinary
                   Understanding
                   ,
                   she
                   made
                   it
                   out
                   to
                   her
                   Father
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Conquest
                   was
                   easie
                   :
                   Others
                   incourag'd
                   him
                   by
                   their
                   Divinations
                   ,
                   foretelling
                   his
                   Successes
                   
                   by
                   the
                   Intrals
                   of
                   the
                   Sacrifices
                   ,
                   by
                   their
                   Dreams
                   in
                   the
                   Temples
                   ,
                   and
                   Prodigies
                   seen
                   in
                   the
                   Air.
                   
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   some
                   also
                   that
                   write
                   that
                   when
                   Sesoosis
                   was
                   born
                   ,
                   Vulcan
                   appear'd
                   to
                   his
                   Father
                   in
                   his
                   Sleep
                   ,
                   and
                   told
                   him
                   that
                   the
                   Child
                   then
                   born
                   should
                   be
                   Conqueror
                   of
                   the
                   Universe
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   that
                   was
                   the
                   reason
                   why
                   his
                   Father
                   assembled
                   all
                   of
                   the
                   like
                   Age
                   ,
                   and
                   bred
                   them
                   up
                   together
                   with
                   his
                   Son
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   way
                   for
                   him
                   with
                   more
                   ease
                   to
                   rise
                   to
                   that
                   height
                   of
                   Imperial
                   Dignity
                   :
                   And
                   that
                   when
                   he
                   was
                   grown
                   to
                   Mans
                   Estate
                   ,
                   fully
                   believing
                   what
                   the
                   God
                   had
                   foretold
                   ,
                   he
                   undertook
                   at
                   length
                   this
                   Expedition
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   this
                   purpose
                   he
                   first
                   made
                   it
                   his
                   chief
                   Concern
                   ,
                   to
                   gain
                   the
                   love
                   and
                   good
                   will
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   judging
                   it
                   necessary
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   effect
                   what
                   he
                   design'd
                   ,
                   so
                   far
                   to
                   ingage
                   his
                   Souldiers
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   they
                   should
                   willingly
                   and
                   readily
                   venture
                   ,
                   nay
                   lose
                   their
                   Lives
                   for
                   their
                   Generals
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   those
                   whom
                   he
                   should
                   leave
                   behind
                   him
                   ,
                   should
                   not
                   contrive
                   or
                   hatch
                   any
                   Rebellion
                   in
                   his
                   Absence
                   :
                   To
                   this
                   end
                   therefore
                   he
                   oblig'd
                   every
                   one
                   to
                   the
                   utmost
                   of
                   his
                   power
                   ,
                   working
                   upon
                   some
                   by
                   Mony
                   ,
                   others
                   by
                   giving
                   them
                   Lands
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   by
                   free
                   Pardons
                   ,
                   and
                   upon
                   all
                   by
                   fair
                   Words
                   ,
                   and
                   affable
                   and
                   courteous
                   Behaviour
                   .
                   He
                   pardon'd
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   condemn'd
                   for
                   High
                   Treason
                   ,
                   and
                   freed
                   all
                   that
                   were
                   in
                   Prison
                   for
                   Debt
                   ,
                   by
                   paying
                   what
                   they
                   ow'd
                   ,
                   of
                   whom
                   there
                   was
                   a
                   vast
                   Multitude
                   in
                   the
                   Goals
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   divided
                   the
                   whole
                   Country
                   into
                   Thirty
                   Six
                   Parts
                   ,
                   which
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   call
                   †
                   Nomi
                   ;
                   over
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   which
                   he
                   appointed
                   a
                   *
                   Governor
                   ,
                   who
                   should
                   take
                   care
                   of
                   the
                   King's
                   Revenue
                   ,
                   and
                   manage
                   all
                   other
                   Affairs
                   relating
                   to
                   their
                   several
                   and
                   respective
                   Provinces
                   .
                   Out
                   of
                   these
                   he
                   chose
                   the
                   strongest
                   and
                   ablest
                   Men
                   ,
                   and
                   rais'd
                   an
                   Army
                   answerable
                   to
                   the
                   greatness
                   of
                   his
                   Design
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   Six
                   Hundred
                   Thousand
                   Foot
                   ,
                   and
                   Twenty
                   Four
                   Thousand
                   Horse
                   ,
                   and
                   Seven
                   and
                   Twenty
                   Thousand
                   Chariots
                   of
                   War
                   :
                   And
                   over
                   all
                   the
                   several
                   Regiments
                   and
                   Battalions
                   ,
                   he
                   made
                   those
                   that
                   had
                   been
                   brought
                   up
                   with
                   him
                   Commanders
                   ,
                   being
                   such
                   as
                   had
                   been
                   us'd
                   to
                   Martial
                   Exercises
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   their
                   Childhood
                   hot
                   and
                   zealous
                   after
                   that
                   which
                   was
                   brave
                   and
                   virtuous
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   were
                   knit
                   together
                   as
                   Brothers
                   in
                   Love
                   and
                   Affection
                   ,
                   both
                   to
                   the
                   King
                   and
                   one
                   to
                   another
                   ;
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   whom
                   were
                   above
                   Seventeen
                   Hundred
                   .
                
                 
                   Upon
                   these
                   Companions
                   of
                   his
                   ,
                   he
                   bestow'd
                   large
                   Estates
                   in
                   Lands
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   richest
                   Parts
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   might
                   not
                   be
                   in
                   the
                   least
                   want
                   of
                   any
                   thing
                   ,
                   reserving
                   only
                   their
                   Attendance
                   upon
                   him
                   in
                   the
                   Wars
                   .
                
                 
                   Having
                   therefore
                   rendezvouz'd
                   his
                   Army
                   ,
                   he
                   march'd
                   first
                   against
                   the
                   Ethiopians
                   ,
                   
                   inhabiting
                   the
                   South
                   ,
                   and
                   having
                   conquer'd
                   them
                   ,
                   forc'd
                   them
                   to
                   pay
                   him
                   Tribute
                   of
                   Ebony
                   ,
                   Gold
                   ,
                   and
                   Elephant's
                   Teeth
                   .
                
                 
                   Then
                   he
                   sent
                   forth
                   a
                   Navy
                   of
                   Four
                   Hundred
                   Sail
                   into
                   the
                   
                     Red
                     Sea
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   Egyptian
                   that
                   built
                   long
                   Ships
                   .
                   By
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   this
                   Fleet
                   ,
                   he
                   gain'd
                   all
                   the
                   Islands
                   in
                   this
                   Sea
                   ,
                   and
                   subdu'd
                   the
                   bordering
                   Nations
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   to
                   India
                   .
                   But
                   he
                   himself
                   marching
                   forward
                   with
                   his
                   Land-Army
                   ,
                   conquer'd
                   all
                   Asia
                   :
                   For
                   he
                   not
                   only
                   invaded
                   those
                   Nations
                   which
                   Alexander
                   the
                   Macedonian
                   afterwards
                   subdu'd
                   ,
                   but
                   likewise
                   those
                   which
                   he
                   never
                   set
                   foot
                   upon
                   .
                   For
                   he
                   both
                   pass'd
                   over
                   the
                   River
                   Ganges
                   ,
                   and
                   likewise
                   pierc'd
                   through
                   all
                   India
                   to
                   the
                   main
                   Ocean
                   .
                   Then
                   he
                   subdu'd
                   the
                   Scythians
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   River
                   Tanais
                   ,
                   which
                   divides
                   Europe
                   from
                   Asia
                   ;
                   where
                   they
                   say
                   he
                   left
                   some
                   of
                   his
                   Egyptians
                   at
                   the
                   Lake
                   Meotis
                   ,
                   and
                   gave
                   Original
                   to
                   the
                   Nations
                   of
                   Colchis
                   ;
                   and
                   to
                   prove
                   that
                   they
                   were
                   originally
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   they
                   bring
                   this
                   Argument
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   circumcis'd
                   after
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   which
                   Custom
                   continu'd
                   in
                   this
                   Colony
                   as
                   it
                   did
                   amongst
                   the
                   Jews
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   he
                   brought
                   into
                   his
                   Subjection
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   Asia
                   ,
                   and
                   most
                   of
                   the
                   Islands
                   of
                   the
                   Cyclades
                   .
                   Thence
                   passing
                   over
                   into
                   Europe
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   in
                   danger
                   of
                   losing
                   his
                   whole
                   Army
                   ,
                   through
                   the
                   difficulty
                   of
                   the
                   Passages
                   ,
                   and
                   want
                   of
                   Provision
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   putting
                   a
                   stop
                   to
                   his
                   Expedition
                   in
                   Thrace
                   ,
                   up
                   and
                   down
                   in
                   all
                   his
                   Conquests
                   ,
                   he
                   erected
                   Pillars
                   ,
                   whereon
                   were
                   inscrib'd
                   in
                   Egyptian
                   Letters
                   ,
                   call'd
                   Hieroglifics
                   ,
                   these
                   Words
                   —
                   
                     
                       Sesoosis
                       ,
                       King
                       of
                       Kings
                       ,
                       and
                       Lord
                       of
                       Lords
                       ,
                       subdu'd
                       this
                       Country
                       by
                       his
                       Arms.
                       
                    
                  
                
                 
                   Among
                   those
                   Nations
                   that
                   were
                   stout
                   and
                   warlike
                   ,
                   he
                   carv'd
                   upon
                   those
                   Pillars
                   the
                   Privy
                   Members
                   of
                   a
                   Man
                   :
                   Amongst
                   them
                   that
                   were
                   cowardly
                   and
                   faint-hearted
                   ,
                   the
                   secret
                   Parts
                   of
                   a
                   Woman
                   ;
                   conceiving
                   that
                   the
                   chief
                   and
                   principal
                   
                   Member
                   of
                   a
                   Man
                   would
                   be
                   a
                   clear
                   Evidence
                   to
                   Posterity
                   of
                   the
                   Courage
                   of
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   .
                   In
                   some
                   Places
                   he
                   set
                   up
                   his
                   own
                   Statue
                   ,
                   carv'd
                   in
                   Stone
                   (
                   arm'd
                   with
                   a
                   Bow
                   and
                   a
                   Lance
                   )
                   above
                   Four
                   Cubits
                   and
                   Four
                   Hands
                   in
                   height
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   stature
                   he
                   himself
                   was
                   .
                
                 
                   Having
                   now
                   spent
                   Nine
                   Years
                   in
                   this
                   Expedition
                   ,
                   (
                   carrying
                   himself
                   courteously
                   and
                   familiarly
                   towards
                   all
                   his
                   Subjects
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   )
                   he
                   ordered
                   the
                   Nations
                   he
                   had
                   conquer'd
                   ,
                   to
                   bring
                   their
                   Presents
                   and
                   Tributes
                   every
                   Year
                   into
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   every
                   one
                   proportionable
                   to
                   their
                   several
                   Abilities
                   :
                   And
                   he
                   himself
                   with
                   the
                   Captives
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Spoils
                   (
                   of
                   which
                   there
                   was
                   a
                   vast
                   quantity
                   )
                   return'd
                   into
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   far
                   surpassing
                   all
                   the
                   Kings
                   before
                   him
                   in
                   the
                   greatness
                   of
                   his
                   Actions
                   and
                   Atchievements
                   .
                   He
                   adorn'd
                   all
                   the
                   Temples
                   of
                   Egypt
                   with
                   rich
                   Presents
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Spoils
                   of
                   his
                   Enemies
                   .
                   Then
                   he
                   rewarded
                   his
                   Souldiers
                   that
                   had
                   serv'd
                   him
                   in
                   the
                   War
                   ,
                   every
                   one
                   according
                   to
                   their
                   Desert
                   .
                   It
                   's
                   most
                   certain
                   that
                   the
                   Army
                   not
                   only
                   return'd
                   loaded
                   with
                   Riches
                   ,
                   and
                   receiv'd
                   the
                   Glory
                   and
                   Honour
                   of
                   their
                   approv'd
                   Valour
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   whole
                   Country
                   of
                   Egypt
                   reapt
                   many
                   Advantages
                   by
                   this
                   Expedition
                   .
                
                 
                   Sesoosis
                   having
                   now
                   disbanded
                   his
                   Army
                   ,
                   gave
                   leave
                   to
                   his
                   Companions
                   in
                   Arms
                   ,
                   and
                   Fellow
                   Victors
                   ,
                   to
                   take
                   their
                   ease
                   ,
                   and
                   injoy
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   their
                   Conquest
                   .
                   But
                   he
                   himself
                   fir'd
                   with
                   an
                   earnest
                   desire
                   of
                   Glory
                   ,
                   and
                   ambitious
                   to
                   leave
                   behind
                   him
                   eternal
                   Monuments
                   of
                   his
                   Memory
                   ,
                   made
                   many
                   fair
                   and
                   stately
                   Works
                   ,
                   admirable
                   both
                   for
                   their
                   Cost
                   and
                   Contrivance
                   ,
                   by
                   which
                   he
                   both
                   advanc'd
                   his
                   own
                   Immortal
                   Praise
                   ,
                   and
                   procur'd
                   unspeakable
                   Advantages
                   to
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   with
                   perfect
                   Peace
                   and
                   Security
                   for
                   the
                   time
                   to
                   come
                   .
                   For
                   beginning
                   first
                   with
                   what
                   concern'd
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   he
                   built
                   a
                   Temple
                   in
                   all
                   the
                   Cities
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   to
                   that
                   God
                   whom
                   every
                   particular
                   place
                   most
                   ador'd
                   ;
                   and
                   he
                   imploy'd
                   none
                   of
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   in
                   his
                   Works
                   ,
                   but
                   finish'd
                   all
                   by
                   the
                   labours
                   of
                   the
                   Captives
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   he
                   caus'd
                   an
                   Inscription
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   upon
                   all
                   the
                   Temples
                   thus
                   ,
                   
                     None
                     of
                     the
                     Natives
                     were
                     put
                     to
                     labour
                     here
                     .
                  
                   It
                   's
                   reported
                   that
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Babylonian
                   Captives
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   were
                   not
                   able
                   to
                   bear
                   the
                   fatigue
                   of
                   the
                   Work
                   ,
                   rebell'd
                   against
                   the
                   King
                   ;
                   and
                   having
                   possess'd
                   themselves
                   of
                   a
                   Fort
                   near
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   they
                   took
                   up
                   Arms
                   against
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   and
                   wasted
                   the
                   Country
                   thereabouts
                   :
                   but
                   at
                   length
                   having
                   got
                   a
                   Pardon
                   ,
                   they
                   chose
                   a
                   Place
                   for
                   their
                   Habitation
                   ,
                   and
                   call'd
                   it
                   after
                   the
                   Name
                   of
                   that
                   in
                   their
                   own
                   Country
                   ,
                   Babylon
                   .
                   Upon
                   the
                   like
                   occasion
                   they
                   say
                   that
                   Troy
                   situated
                   near
                   the
                   River
                   Nile
                   ,
                   was
                   so
                   call'd
                   :
                   For
                   Menelaus
                   ,
                   when
                   he
                   return'd
                   from
                   Ilium
                   with
                   many
                   Prisoners
                   ,
                   arriv'd
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   where
                   the
                   Trojans
                   deserting
                   the
                   King
                   ,
                   seiz'd
                   upon
                   a
                   certain
                   strong
                   place
                   ,
                   and
                   took
                   up
                   Arms
                   against
                   the
                   Greeks
                   ,
                   till
                   they
                   had
                   gain'd
                   their
                   Liberty
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   built
                   a
                   famous
                   City
                   after
                   the
                   name
                   of
                   their
                   own
                   .
                   But
                   I
                   am
                   not
                   ignorant
                   how
                   Ctesias
                   the
                   Cretian
                   gives
                   a
                   far
                   different
                   account
                   of
                   these
                   Cities
                   ,
                   when
                   he
                   says
                   ,
                   that
                   some
                   of
                   those
                   who
                   came
                   in
                   former
                   times
                   with
                   Semiramis
                   into
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   call'd
                   the
                   Cities
                   which
                   they
                   built
                   ,
                   after
                   the
                   Names
                   of
                   those
                   in
                   their
                   own
                   Country
                   .
                   But
                   it
                   's
                   no
                   easie
                   matter
                   to
                   know
                   the
                   certain
                   truth
                   of
                   these
                   things
                   :
                   Yet
                   it
                   's
                   necessary
                   to
                   observe
                   the
                   different
                   Opinions
                   concerning
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Judicious
                   Reader
                   may
                   have
                   an
                   occasion
                   to
                   inquire
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   pick
                   out
                   the
                   real
                   Truth
                   .
                
                 
                   Sesoosis
                   moreover
                   rais'd
                   many
                   Mounts
                   and
                   Banks
                   of
                   Earth
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   he
                   remov'd
                   all
                   the
                   Cities
                   that
                   lay
                   low
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   plain
                   ,
                   that
                   both
                   Man
                   and
                   Beast
                   might
                   be
                   safe
                   and
                   secure
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   Inundation
                   of
                   the
                   River
                   .
                   He
                   cut
                   likewise
                   many
                   deep
                   Dykes
                   from
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   all
                   along
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   from
                   Memphis
                   to
                   the
                   Sea
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   ready
                   and
                   quick
                   conveying
                   of
                   Corn
                   and
                   other
                   Provision
                   and
                   Merchandize
                   by
                   short
                   Cuts
                   thither
                   ,
                   both
                   for
                   the
                   support
                   of
                   Trade
                   and
                   Commerce
                   and
                   maintenance
                   of
                   Peace
                   and
                   Plenty
                   all
                   over
                   the
                   Country
                   :
                   And
                   that
                   which
                   was
                   of
                   greatest
                   moment
                   and
                   concern
                   of
                   all
                   ,
                   was
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   fortify'd
                   all
                   Parts
                   of
                   the
                   Country
                   against
                   Incursions
                   of
                   Enemies
                   ,
                   and
                   made
                   it
                   difficult
                   of
                   access
                   ;
                   whereas
                   before
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   Egypt
                   lay
                   open
                   and
                   expos'd
                   either
                   for
                   Chariots
                   or
                   Horsemen
                   to
                   enter
                   .
                   But
                   now
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   multitude
                   of
                   Canals
                   drawn
                   all
                   along
                   from
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   the
                   Entrance
                   was
                   very
                   difficult
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Country
                   not
                   so
                   easily
                   to
                   be
                   invaded
                   .
                   He
                   defended
                   likewise
                   the
                   East
                   side
                   of
                   Egypt
                   against
                   the
                   Irruptions
                   of
                   the
                   Syrians
                   and
                   Arabians
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   Wall
                   drawn
                   from
                   Ielusium
                   through
                   the
                   Deserts
                   ,
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   to
                   Heliopolis
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   a
                   Thousand
                   and
                   Five
                   Hundred
                   Furlongs
                   .
                   He
                   caus'd
                   likewise
                   a
                   Ship
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   of
                   Cedar
                   ,
                   Two
                   Hundred
                   and
                   Fourscore
                   Cubits
                   in
                   length
                   ,
                   guilded
                   over
                   with
                   Gold
                   on
                   the
                   outside
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   Silver
                   within
                   ;
                   and
                   this
                   he
                   dedicated
                   to
                   the
                   God
                   that
                   was
                   most
                   ador'd
                   by
                   the
                   Thebans
                   .
                   He
                   erected
                   likewise
                   Two
                   
                   Obelisks
                   of
                   Polish'd
                   Marble
                   ,
                   a
                   Hundred
                   and
                   Twenty
                   Cubits
                   high
                   ,
                   on
                   which
                   were
                   inscrib'd
                   a
                   Description
                   of
                   the
                   large
                   Extent
                   of
                   his
                   Empire
                   ,
                   the
                   great
                   value
                   of
                   his
                   Revenue
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   the
                   Nations
                   by
                   him
                   conquer'd
                   .
                   He
                   plac'd
                   likewise
                   at
                   Memphis
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Temple
                   of
                   Vulcan
                   ,
                   his
                   and
                   his
                   Wives
                   Statues
                   ,
                   each
                   of
                   one
                   intire
                   Stone
                   ,
                   Thirty
                   Cubits
                   in
                   height
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   of
                   his
                   Sons
                   ,
                   Twenty
                   Cubits
                   high
                   ,
                   upon
                   this
                   occasion
                   .
                   After
                   his
                   return
                   from
                   his
                   great
                   Expedition
                   into
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   being
                   at
                   Pelusium
                   ,
                   his
                   Brother
                   at
                   a
                   Feast
                   having
                   invited
                   him
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   his
                   Wife
                   and
                   Children
                   ,
                   plotted
                   against
                   his
                   Life
                   ;
                   for
                   being
                   all
                   overcome
                   by
                   Wine
                   ,
                   and
                   gone
                   to
                   rest
                   ,
                   he
                   caus'd
                   a
                   great
                   quantity
                   of
                   dry
                   Reeds
                   (
                   long
                   before
                   prepar'd
                   for
                   the
                   purpose
                   )
                   to
                   be
                   plac'd
                   round
                   the
                   King's
                   Pavilion
                   in
                   the
                   Night
                   ,
                   and
                   set
                   them
                   all
                   on
                   Fire
                   ;
                   upon
                   which
                   the
                   Flame
                   suddenly
                   mounted
                   aloft
                   ;
                   and
                   little
                   assistance
                   the
                   King
                   had
                   either
                   from
                   his
                   Servants
                   or
                   Life-guard
                   ,
                   who
                   were
                   all
                   still
                   overloaden
                   with
                   Wine
                   :
                   Upon
                   which
                   Sesostris
                   with
                   his
                   Hands
                   lift
                   up
                   to
                   Heaven
                   ,
                   calling
                   upon
                   the
                   Gods
                   for
                   help
                   for
                   his
                   Wife
                   and
                   Children
                   ,
                   rusht
                   through
                   the
                   Flames
                   and
                   escap'd
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   being
                   thus
                   unexpectedly
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   he
                   made
                   Oblations
                   as
                   to
                   other
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   (
                   as
                   is
                   before
                   said
                   )
                   so
                   especially
                   to
                   Vulcan
                   ,
                   as
                   he
                   by
                   whose
                   Favour
                   he
                   was
                   so
                   remarkably
                   deliver'd
                   .
                
                 
                   Although
                   Sesostris
                   was
                   eminent
                   in
                   many
                   great
                   and
                   worthy
                   Actions
                   ,
                   yet
                   the
                   most
                   stately
                   and
                   magnificent
                   of
                   all
                   ,
                   was
                   that
                   relating
                   to
                   the
                   Princes
                   in
                   his
                   Progresses
                   .
                   For
                   those
                   Kings
                   of
                   the
                   conquer'd
                   Nations
                   ,
                   who
                   through
                   his
                   Favour
                   still
                   held
                   their
                   Kingdoms
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   as
                   had
                   receiv'd
                   large
                   Principalities
                   of
                   his
                   free
                   Gift
                   and
                   Donation
                   ,
                   came
                   with
                   their
                   Presents
                   and
                   Tributes
                   into
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   times
                   appointed
                   ,
                   whom
                   he
                   receiv'd
                   with
                   all
                   the
                   Marks
                   of
                   Honour
                   and
                   Respect
                   ;
                   save
                   that
                   when
                   he
                   went
                   into
                   the
                   Temple
                   or
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   his
                   Custom
                   was
                   to
                   cause
                   the
                   Horses
                   to
                   be
                   unharnest
                   out
                   of
                   his
                   Chariot
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   their
                   Room
                   Four
                   Kings
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Princes
                   to
                   draw
                   it
                   ;
                   hereby
                   thinking
                   to
                   make
                   it
                   evident
                   to
                   all
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   was
                   none
                   comparable
                   to
                   him
                   for
                   Valour
                   ,
                   who
                   had
                   conquer'd
                   the
                   most
                   potent
                   and
                   famous
                   Princes
                   in
                   the
                   World.
                   This
                   King
                   seems
                   to
                   have
                   excell'd
                   all
                   others
                   that
                   ever
                   were
                   eminent
                   for
                   Power
                   and
                   Greatness
                   ,
                   both
                   as
                   to
                   his
                   Warlike
                   Atchievements
                   ,
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   his
                   Gifts
                   and
                   Oblations
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   wonderful
                   Works
                   in
                   Egypt
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   he
                   had
                   reign'd
                   Three
                   and
                   Thirty
                   Years
                   ,
                   he
                   fell
                   blind
                   ,
                   and
                   wilfully
                   put
                   an
                   end
                   to
                   his
                   own
                   Life
                   ;
                   for
                   which
                   he
                   was
                   admir'd
                   not
                   only
                   by
                   Priests
                   ,
                   but
                   by
                   all
                   
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   as
                   he
                   had
                   before
                   manifested
                   the
                   Greatness
                   of
                   his
                   Mind
                   by
                   his
                   Actions
                   ,
                   so
                   now
                   his
                   End
                   was
                   agreeable
                   (
                   by
                   a
                   voluntary
                   Death
                   )
                   to
                   the
                   Glory
                   of
                   his
                   Life
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Fame
                   and
                   Renown
                   of
                   this
                   King
                   continu'd
                   so
                   fresh
                   down
                   to
                   Posterity
                   ,
                   that
                   many
                   Ages
                   after
                   ,
                   when
                   Egypt
                   was
                   conquer'd
                   by
                   the
                   Persians
                   ,
                   and
                   Darius
                   the
                   Father
                   of
                   Xerxes
                   would
                   set
                   up
                   his
                   Statue
                   at
                   Memphis
                   above
                   that
                   of
                   Sesoosis
                   ,
                   the
                   Chief
                   Priest
                   in
                   the
                   debating
                   of
                   the
                   matter
                   in
                   the
                   Conclave
                   boldly
                   spoke
                   against
                   it
                   ,
                   declaring
                   that
                   Darius
                   had
                   not
                   yet
                   exceeded
                   the
                   noble
                   Acts
                   of
                   Sesoosis
                   .
                   The
                   King
                   was
                   so
                   far
                   from
                   resenting
                   this
                   ,
                   that
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   he
                   was
                   so
                   pleas'd
                   and
                   taken
                   with
                   this
                   freedom
                   of
                   Speech
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   said
                   he
                   would
                   endeavour
                   (
                   if
                   he
                   liv'd
                   as
                   long
                   as
                   the
                   other
                   did
                   )
                   to
                   be
                   nothing
                   inferiour
                   to
                   him
                   ;
                   and
                   wisht
                   them
                   to
                   compare
                   things
                   done
                   proportionable
                   to
                   the
                   time
                   ,
                   for
                   that
                   this
                   was
                   the
                   justest
                   examination
                   and
                   trial
                   of
                   Valour
                   .
                   And
                   thus
                   much
                   shall
                   suffice
                   to
                   be
                   said
                   of
                   Sesoosis
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   CHAP
                   V.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Acts
                     of
                     Sesostris
                     the
                     Second
                     .
                     Of
                     
                       Ammosis
                       ,
                       Actisanes
                       ,
                       Mendes
                       ,
                       Proteus
                    
                     or
                     
                       Cetes
                       ,
                       Remphis
                       ,
                       Chemmis
                    
                     (
                     the
                     great
                     Pyramids
                     built
                     by
                     him
                     )
                     
                       Cephres
                       ,
                       Mycerinus
                       ,
                       Bocchoris
                       ,
                       Sabach
                       .
                    
                     The
                     Reign
                     of
                     Twelve
                     Kings
                     in
                     
                       Egypt
                       .
                       Psammetichus
                       Saites
                    
                     ,
                     one
                     of
                     the
                     Kings
                     ,
                     gain'd
                     the
                     whole
                     ;
                     Two
                     Hundred
                     Thousand
                     of
                     his
                     Army
                     forsook
                     him
                     ,
                     and
                     settle
                     themselves
                     in
                     
                       Ethiopia
                       .
                       Apries
                    
                     succeeds
                     long
                     after
                     .
                     Amasis
                     rebels
                     ,
                     and
                     next
                     succeeds
                     ;
                     and
                     Apries
                     is
                     strangled
                     by
                     the
                     People
                     .
                     Amasis
                     the
                     last
                     King
                     ,
                     to
                     the
                     time
                     of
                     the
                     Conquest
                     of
                     Egypt
                     by
                     Cambyses
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   THE
                   Son
                   of
                   Sesostris
                   succeeded
                   his
                   Father
                   in
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   ,
                   and
                   took
                   upon
                   him
                   
                   the
                   same
                   Name
                   ,
                   yet
                   perform'd
                   nothing
                   remarkable
                   by
                   his
                   Arms
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   Affliction
                   and
                   Misery
                   that
                   befel
                   him
                   was
                   observable
                   ;
                   for
                   he
                   became
                   blind
                   ,
                   as
                   his
                   Father
                   did
                   before
                   him
                   ,
                   deriving
                   the
                   Malady
                   either
                   from
                   his
                   Father
                   in
                   his
                   Birth
                   ,
                   or
                   as
                   a
                   Judgment
                   upon
                   him
                   for
                   his
                   Impiety
                   against
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   against
                   which
                   (
                   as
                   it
                   s
                   fabulously
                   reported
                   )
                   he
                   threw
                   his
                   Javelin
                   ;
                   whereupon
                   falling
                   under
                   this
                   Misfortune
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   forc'd
                   to
                   apply
                   himself
                   for
                   help
                   to
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   whom
                   he
                   sought
                   to
                   appease
                   with
                   many
                   Offerings
                   and
                   Sacrifices
                   for
                   a
                   long
                   time
                   together
                   ,
                   yet
                   could
                   find
                   no
                   Relief
                   ,
                   till
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   Ten
                   Years
                   he
                   was
                   directed
                   by
                   the
                   Oracle
                   to
                   go
                   and
                   worship
                   the
                   God
                   of
                   Heliopolis
                   ,
                   and
                   wash
                   his
                   Face
                   in
                   the
                   Urin
                   of
                   a
                   Woman
                   that
                   
                   never
                   had
                   known
                   any
                   other
                   Man
                   besides
                   her
                   own
                   Husband
                   .
                   Hereupon
                   he
                   began
                   with
                   his
                   own
                   Wife
                   ,
                   and
                   made
                   trial
                   of
                   many
                   others
                   ,
                   but
                   found
                   none
                   honest
                   except
                   a
                   Gardener's
                   Wife
                   ,
                   whom
                   he
                   afterwards
                   marry'd
                   when
                   he
                   was
                   recover'd
                   .
                   All
                   the
                   Adulteresses
                   he
                   caus'd
                   to
                   be
                   burnt
                   in
                   a
                   little
                   Village
                   ,
                   which
                   from
                   this
                   Execution
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   call'd
                   the
                   
                     Holy
                     Field
                  
                   ,
                   to
                   testify
                   his
                   Gratitude
                   to
                   the
                   God
                   of
                   Heliopolis
                   for
                   this
                   great
                   Benefit
                   .
                   At
                   the
                   Command
                   of
                   the
                   Oracle
                   he
                   erected
                   Two
                   Obelisks
                   ,
                   each
                   of
                   one
                   entire
                   Stone
                   ,
                   Eight
                   Cubits
                   in
                   breadth
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   hundred
                   in
                   height
                   ,
                   and
                   dedicated
                   them
                   to
                   the
                   Deity
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   this
                   Sesostris
                   the
                   Second
                   ,
                   were
                   many
                   Successions
                   of
                   Kings
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   of
                   whom
                   there
                   's
                   nothing
                   worth
                   remark
                   to
                   be
                   found
                   .
                   But
                   many
                   Ages
                   after
                   ,
                   Ammosis
                   came
                   
                   to
                   the
                   Crown
                   ,
                   who
                   carry'd
                   it
                   Tyrannically
                   towards
                   his
                   Subjects
                   .
                   For
                   he
                   put
                   many
                   to
                   Death
                   against
                   all
                   Law
                   and
                   Justice
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   many
                   he
                   stript
                   of
                   all
                   they
                   had
                   ,
                   and
                   turn'd
                   them
                   out
                   of
                   their
                   Estates
                   ,
                   and
                   carry'd
                   himself
                   haughtily
                   and
                   proudly
                   in
                   every
                   thing
                   towards
                   all
                   Persons
                   he
                   had
                   to
                   deal
                   with
                   .
                   This
                   the
                   poor
                   oppress'd
                   People
                   indur'd
                   for
                   a
                   time
                   ,
                   while
                   they
                   had
                   no
                   power
                   to
                   resist
                   those
                   that
                   overpower'd
                   them
                   .
                   But
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   Actisanes
                   King
                   of
                   Ethiopia
                   invaded
                   him
                   (
                   having
                   now
                   an
                   opportunity
                   to
                   discover
                   their
                   Hatred
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   revenge
                   themselves
                   )
                   most
                   of
                   his
                   Subjects
                   revolted
                   from
                   him
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   easily
                   conquer'd
                   ,
                   and
                   Egypt
                   became
                   subject
                   to
                   the
                   Kings
                   of
                   Ethiopia
                   .
                
                 
                   Actisanes
                   bore
                   his
                   Prosperity
                   with
                   great
                   Moderation
                   ,
                   and
                   carried
                   himself
                   kindly
                   
                   and
                   obligingly
                   towards
                   all
                   his
                   Subjects
                   .
                   Against
                   Robbers
                   he
                   contriv'd
                   a
                   notable
                   Device
                   ,
                   neither
                   putting
                   them
                   that
                   were
                   guilty
                   to
                   Death
                   ,
                   nor
                   wholly
                   acquitting
                   or
                   discharging
                   them
                   from
                   Punishment
                   .
                   For
                   he
                   caus'd
                   all
                   that
                   were
                   guilty
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   brought
                   together
                   from
                   all
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   Country
                   ,
                   and
                   after
                   a
                   just
                   and
                   strict
                   inquiry
                   ,
                   and
                   certain
                   Knowledge
                   of
                   their
                   Guilt
                   ,
                   he
                   order'd
                   all
                   their
                   Noses
                   to
                   be
                   cut
                   off
                   ,
                   and
                   banisht
                   them
                   into
                   the
                   utmost
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   Desart
                   ;
                   and
                   built
                   a
                   City
                   for
                   them
                   ,
                   call'd
                   from
                   the
                   cutting
                   off
                   of
                   the
                   Noses
                   of
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   ,
                   Rhinocorura
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   situated
                   in
                   the
                   Confines
                   of
                   Egypt
                   and
                   Syria
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   barren
                   Place
                   ,
                   destitute
                   of
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Provision
                   .
                   All
                   the
                   Country
                   round
                   about
                   is
                   full
                   of
                   Salt
                   and
                   brackish
                   Ponds
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Wells
                   within
                   the
                   Walls
                   ,
                   afford
                   but
                   very
                   little
                   Water
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   stinking
                   and
                   very
                   bitter
                   .
                   And
                   he
                   sent
                   them
                   to
                   this
                   Place
                   on
                   purpose
                   that
                   they
                   might
                   not
                   for
                   the
                   future
                   do
                   any
                   more
                   hurt
                   ,
                   nor
                   lye
                   lurking
                   and
                   unknown
                   among
                   other
                   Men.
                   But
                   being
                   banished
                   to
                   such
                   a
                   barren
                   Place
                   ,
                   void
                   almost
                   of
                   all
                   things
                   necessary
                   for
                   the
                   support
                   of
                   Man's
                   Life
                   (
                   Men
                   naturally
                   Contriving
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Arts
                   to
                   prevent
                   starving
                   )
                   they
                   wittily
                   found
                   out
                   a
                   way
                   to
                   supply
                   their
                   Wants
                   .
                   For
                   they
                   cut
                   up
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Neighbouring
                   Fields
                   ,
                   Reeds
                   ,
                   and
                   flit
                   them
                   in
                   several
                   pieces
                   ,
                   and
                   made
                   long
                   Nets
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   plac'd
                   them
                   several
                   Furlongs
                   all
                   along
                   
                   upon
                   the
                   Shoar
                   ,
                   with
                   which
                   they
                   catcht
                   the
                   Quails
                   (
                   which
                   came
                   flying
                   over
                   Sea
                   
                   in
                   great
                   Flocks
                   )
                   and
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   sufficiently
                   provided
                   for
                   themselves
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   this
                   King's
                   Death
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   recover'd
                   their
                   Liberty
                   ,
                   and
                   set
                   up
                   a
                   King
                   of
                   their
                   own
                   Nation
                   to
                   rule
                   over
                   them
                   ,
                   ‖
                   Mendes
                   (
                   whom
                   some
                   call
                   Marus
                   )
                   who
                   never
                   undertook
                   any
                   Warlike
                   Design
                   ,
                   but
                   made
                   a
                   Sepulcher
                   for
                   himself
                   call'd
                   a
                   Labyrinth
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   admir'd
                   so
                   much
                   for
                   Its
                   greatness
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   was
                   unimitable
                   for
                   its
                   Workmanship
                   .
                   For
                   he
                   that
                   went
                   in
                   ,
                   could
                   not
                   easily
                   come
                   out
                   again
                   ,
                   without
                   a
                   very
                   skilful
                   Guide
                   .
                   Some
                   say
                   that
                   Dedalus
                   ,
                   who
                   came
                   into
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   admir'd
                   the
                   Curiosity
                   of
                   this
                   Work
                   ,
                   and
                   made
                   a
                   Labyrinth
                   for
                   Minos
                   King
                   of
                   Creet
                   ,
                   like
                   to
                   this
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   they
                   fabulously
                   relate
                   the
                   Minotaur
                   was
                   kept
                   .
                   But
                   that
                   in
                   Creet
                   was
                   either
                   ruin'd
                   by
                   some
                   of
                   their
                   Kings
                   ,
                   or
                   came
                   to
                   nothing
                   through
                   length
                   of
                   Time
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   in
                   Egypt
                   continu'd
                   whole
                   and
                   entire
                   to
                   our
                   Days
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   the
                   Death
                   of
                   this
                   Mendes
                   ,
                   and
                   Five
                   Generations
                   spent
                   (
                   during
                   which
                   time
                   there
                   was
                   an
                   Interregnum
                   )
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   chose
                   one
                   Cetes
                   ,
                   of
                   an
                   ignoble
                   Extraction
                   ,
                   
                   to
                   be
                   their
                   King
                   ,
                   whom
                   the
                   Grecians
                   call
                   Proteus
                   ;
                   this
                   fell
                   out
                   in
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   Trojan
                   War.
                   This
                   Prince
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   was
                   a
                   *
                   Magician
                   ,
                   and
                   could
                   transform
                   himself
                   sometimes
                   into
                   the
                   shape
                   of
                   a
                   Beast
                   ,
                   other
                   times
                   into
                   a
                   Tree
                   ,
                   or
                   Appearance
                   of
                   Fire
                   ,
                   or
                   any
                   other
                   Form
                   and
                   Shape
                   whatsoever
                   .
                   And
                   this
                   agrees
                   with
                   the
                   Account
                   the
                   Priests
                   of
                   Egypt
                   give
                   of
                   him
                   ;
                   from
                   his
                   daily
                   Converse
                   with
                   the
                   Astrologers
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   he
                   learnt
                   this
                   Art.
                   The
                   Greeks
                   rais'd
                   this
                   Story
                   of
                   Transformation
                   ,
                   from
                   a
                   Custom
                   amongst
                   the
                   Kings
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Princes
                   us'd
                   to
                   wear
                   upon
                   their
                   Heads
                   (
                   as
                   Badges
                   of
                   their
                   Royal
                   Authority
                   )
                   the
                   shapes
                   of
                   Lions
                   ,
                   Bulls
                   and
                   Dragons
                   ;
                   and
                   sometimes
                   to
                   fix
                   upon
                   their
                   Heads
                   Sprouts
                   of
                   Trees
                   ,
                   Fire
                   and
                   strong
                   Perfumes
                   of
                   Frankincense
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   sweet
                   Odours
                   .
                   And
                   with
                   these
                   they
                   both
                   adorn'd
                   themselves
                   ,
                   and
                   struck
                   a
                   Terror
                   and
                   Superstitious
                   Awe
                   into
                   the
                   Hearts
                   of
                   their
                   Subjects
                   at
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   the
                   Death
                   of
                   Proteus
                   ,
                   his
                   Son
                   Remphis
                   succeeded
                   him
                   ,
                   who
                   spent
                   all
                   his
                   
                   Time
                   in
                   filling
                   his
                   Coffers
                   ,
                   and
                   heaping
                   up
                   Wealth
                   .
                   The
                   poorness
                   of
                   his
                   Spirit
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   sordid
                   Covetousness
                   was
                   such
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   would
                   not
                   suffer
                   him
                   to
                   part
                   with
                   any
                   thing
                   ,
                   either
                   for
                   the
                   worship
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   good
                   of
                   Mankind
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   more
                   like
                   a
                   good
                   Steward
                   than
                   a
                   King
                   ,
                   instead
                   of
                   a
                   Name
                   for
                   Valour
                   ,
                   and
                   noble
                   Acts
                   ,
                   he
                   left
                   vast
                   Heaps
                   of
                   Treasure
                   behind
                   him
                   ,
                   greater
                   than
                   any
                   of
                   the
                   Kings
                   that
                   ever
                   were
                   before
                   him
                   :
                   For
                   it
                   's
                   said
                   he
                   had
                   a
                   Treasure
                   of
                   Four
                   Hundred
                   Thousand
                   Talents
                   of
                   Gold
                   and
                   Silver
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   this
                   King's
                   Death
                   ,
                   for
                   Seven
                   Generations
                   together
                   ,
                   there
                   reign'd
                   successively
                   a
                   Company
                   of
                   Kings
                   ,
                   who
                   gave
                   themselves
                   up
                   to
                   Sloath
                   and
                   Idleness
                   ,
                   and
                   did
                   nothing
                   but
                   wallow
                   in
                   Pleasures
                   and
                   Luxury
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   there
                   's
                   no
                   Record
                   of
                   any
                   great
                   Work
                   ,
                   or
                   other
                   thing
                   worthy
                   to
                   be
                   remembred
                   that
                   ever
                   any
                   of
                   them
                   did
                   ,
                   except
                   Nile
                   ,
                   who
                   call'd
                   the
                   River
                   after
                   his
                   own
                   Name
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   before
                   call'd
                   Egyptus
                   .
                   For
                   being
                   that
                   he
                   cut
                   many
                   Canals
                   and
                   Dikes
                   in
                   convenient
                   Places
                   ,
                   and
                   us'd
                   his
                   utmost
                   endeavour
                   to
                   make
                   the
                   River
                   more
                   useful
                   and
                   serviceable
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   therefore
                   call'd
                   Nile
                   .
                
                 
                   †
                   Chemmis
                   the
                   Eighth
                   King
                   from
                   Remphis
                   ,
                   was
                   of
                   Memphis
                   ,
                   and
                   reign'd
                   Fifty
                   Years
                   .
                   He
                   built
                   the
                   greatest
                   of
                   the
                   Three
                   Pyramids
                   ,
                   which
                   were
                   accounted
                   amongst
                   the
                   Seven
                   Wonders
                   of
                   the
                   World.
                   They
                   stand
                   towards
                   Lybia
                   *
                   Hundred
                   and
                   Twenty
                   Furlongs
                   from
                   Memphis
                   ,
                   and
                   Five
                   and
                   Forty
                   from
                   Nile
                   .
                   The
                   Greatness
                   of
                   these
                   Works
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   excessive
                   Labour
                   of
                   the
                   Workmen
                   seen
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   do
                   even
                   strike
                   the
                   Beholders
                   with
                   Admiration
                   and
                   Astonishment
                   .
                   The
                   greatest
                   being
                   Four-square
                   ,
                   took
                   up
                   on
                   every
                   Square
                   †
                   Seven
                   Hundred
                   Foot
                   of
                   Ground
                   in
                   the
                   Basis
                   ,
                   and
                   above
                   Six
                   Hundred
                   Foot
                   in
                   height
                   ,
                   spiring
                   up
                   narrower
                   by
                   little
                   and
                   little
                   ,
                   till
                   it
                   come
                   up
                   to
                   the
                   Point
                   ,
                   the
                   Top
                   of
                   which
                   was
                   *
                   Six
                   Cubits
                   Square
                   .
                   It
                   's
                   built
                   of
                   solid
                   Marble
                   throughout
                   ,
                   of
                   rough
                   Work
                   ,
                   but
                   of
                   perpetual
                   Duration
                   :
                   For
                   though
                   it
                   be
                   now
                   a
                   Thousand
                   Years
                   since
                   it
                   was
                   built
                   (
                   some
                   say
                   above
                   Three
                   Thousand
                   and
                   Four
                   Hundred
                   )
                   yet
                   the
                   Stones
                   are
                   as
                   firmly
                   joynted
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   whole
                   Building
                   as
                   intire
                   and
                   without
                   the
                   least
                   decay
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   were
                   at
                   the
                   first
                   laying
                   and
                   Erection
                   .
                   The
                   Stone
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   was
                   brought
                   a
                   long
                   way
                   off
                   ,
                   out
                   of
                   Arabia
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Work
                   was
                   rais'd
                   by
                   making
                   Mounts
                   of
                   Earth
                   ;
                   Cranes
                   and
                   other
                   Engines
                   being
                   not
                   known
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   .
                   And
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   most
                   to
                   be
                   admir'd
                   at
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   see
                   such
                   a
                   Foundation
                   so
                   imprudently
                   laid
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   seems
                   to
                   be
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   Sandy
                   Place
                   ,
                   where
                   there
                   's
                   not
                   the
                   least
                   Sign
                   of
                   any
                   Earth
                   cast
                   up
                   ,
                   nor
                   Marks
                   where
                   any
                   Stone
                   was
                   cut
                   and
                   polish'd
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   the
                   whole
                   Pile
                   seems
                   to
                   be
                   rear'd
                   all
                   at
                   once
                   ,
                   and
                   fixt
                   in
                   the
                   midst
                   of
                   Heaps
                   of
                   Sand
                   by
                   some
                   God
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   built
                   by
                   
                   degrees
                   by
                   the
                   Hands
                   of
                   Men.
                   Some
                   of
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   tell
                   wonderful
                   things
                   ,
                   and
                   invent
                   strange
                   Fables
                   concerning
                   these
                   Works
                   ,
                   affirming
                   that
                   the
                   Mounts
                   were
                   made
                   of
                   Salt
                   and
                   Salt-Peter
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   they
                   were
                   melted
                   by
                   the
                   Inundation
                   of
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   and
                   being
                   so
                   dissolv'd
                   ,
                   every
                   thing
                   was
                   washt
                   away
                   but
                   the
                   Building
                   it self
                   .
                   But
                   this
                   is
                   not
                   the
                   Truth
                   of
                   the
                   thing
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   great
                   multitude
                   of
                   Hands
                   that
                   rais'd
                   the
                   Mounts
                   ,
                   the
                   same
                   carry'd
                   back
                   the
                   Earth
                   to
                   the
                   Place
                   whence
                   they
                   dug
                   it
                   ;
                   for
                   they
                   say
                   there
                   were
                   Three
                   Hundred
                   and
                   Sixty
                   Thousand
                   Men
                   imploy'd
                   in
                   this
                   Work
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Whole
                   was
                   scarce
                   compleated
                   in
                   Twenty
                   Years
                   time
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   this
                   King
                   was
                   dead
                   ,
                   his
                   Brother
                   Cephres
                   succeeded
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   reign'd
                   Six
                   
                   and
                   Fifty
                   Years
                   :
                   Some
                   say
                   it
                   was
                   not
                   his
                   Brother
                   ,
                   but
                   his
                   Son
                   Chabryis
                   that
                   came
                   to
                   the
                   Crown
                   :
                   But
                   all
                   agree
                   in
                   this
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Successor
                   ,
                   in
                   imitation
                   of
                   his
                   Predecessor
                   ,
                   erected
                   another
                   Pyramid
                   like
                   to
                   the
                   former
                   ,
                   both
                   in
                   Structure
                   and
                   Artificial
                   Workmanship
                   ,
                   but
                   not
                   near
                   so
                   large
                   ,
                   every
                   square
                   of
                   the
                   Basis
                   being
                   only
                   a
                   Furlong
                   in
                   Breadth
                   .
                
                 
                   Upon
                   the
                   greater
                   Pyramid
                   was
                   inscrib'd
                   the
                   value
                   of
                   the
                   Herbs
                   and
                   Onions
                   that
                   were
                   spent
                   upon
                   the
                   Labourers
                   during
                   the
                   Works
                   ,
                   which
                   amounted
                   to
                   above
                   Sixteen
                   Hundred
                   Talents
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   's
                   nothing
                   writ
                   upon
                   the
                   lesser
                   :
                   The
                   Entrance
                   and
                   Ascent
                   is
                   only
                   on
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   cut
                   by
                   steps
                   into
                   the
                   main
                   Stone
                   .
                   Although
                   the
                   Kings
                   design'd
                   these
                   Two
                   for
                   their
                   Sepulchers
                   ,
                   yet
                   it
                   hapen'd
                   that
                   neither
                   of
                   them
                   were
                   there
                   buri'd
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   People
                   being
                   incens'd
                   at
                   them
                   by
                   the
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   Toyl
                   and
                   Labour
                   they
                   were
                   put
                   to
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   cruelty
                   and
                   oppression
                   of
                   their
                   Kings
                   ,
                   threatned
                   to
                   drag
                   their
                   Carkases
                   out
                   of
                   their
                   Graves
                   ,
                   and
                   pull
                   them
                   by
                   piece-meal
                   ,
                   and
                   cast
                   them
                   to
                   the
                   Dogs
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   both
                   of
                   them
                   upon
                   their
                   Beds
                   commanded
                   their
                   Servants
                   to
                   bury
                   them
                   in
                   some
                   obscure
                   place
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   him
                   reign'd
                   Mycerinus
                   (
                   otherwise
                   call'd
                   Cherinus
                   )
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   him
                   who
                   
                   built
                   the
                   first
                   Pyramid
                   .
                   This
                   Prince
                   began
                   a
                   Third
                   ,
                   but
                   died
                   before
                   it
                   was
                   finish'd
                   ;
                   every
                   square
                   of
                   the
                   Basis
                   was
                   †
                   Three
                   Hundred
                   Foot.
                   The
                   Walls
                   for
                   fifteen
                   Stories
                   high
                   were
                   of
                   black
                   Marble
                   like
                   that
                   of
                   Thebes
                   ,
                   the
                   rest
                   was
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Stone
                   with
                   the
                   other
                   Pyramids
                   .
                   Though
                   the
                   other
                   Pyramids
                   went
                   beyond
                   this
                   in
                   greatness
                   ,
                   yet
                   this
                   far
                   excell'd
                   the
                   rest
                   in
                   the
                   Curiosity
                   of
                   the
                   Structure
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   largeness
                   of
                   the
                   Stones
                   .
                   On
                   that
                   side
                   of
                   the
                   Pyramid
                   towards
                   the
                   North
                   ,
                   was
                   inscrib'd
                   the
                   Name
                   of
                   the
                   Founder
                   Mycerinus
                   .
                   This
                   King
                   they
                   say
                   detesting
                   the
                   severity
                   of
                   the
                   former
                   Kings
                   ,
                   carried
                   himself
                   all
                   his
                   Days
                   gently
                   and
                   graciously
                   towards
                   all
                   his
                   Subjects
                   ,
                   and
                   did
                   all
                   that
                   possibly
                   he
                   could
                   to
                   gain
                   their
                   Love
                   and
                   Good
                   Will
                   towards
                   him
                   ;
                   besides
                   other
                   things
                   ,
                   he
                   expended
                   vast
                   Sums
                   of
                   Money
                   upon
                   the
                   Oracles
                   and
                   Worship
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   ;
                   and
                   bestowing
                   large
                   Gifts
                   upon
                   honest
                   Men
                   whom
                   he
                   judg'd
                   to
                   be
                   injur'd
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   be
                   hardly
                   dealt
                   with
                   in
                   the
                   Courts
                   of
                   Justice
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   are
                   other
                   Pyramids
                   ,
                   every
                   Square
                   of
                   which
                   are
                   Two
                   Hundred
                   Foot
                   in
                   the
                   Basis
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   all
                   things
                   like
                   unto
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   except
                   in
                   bigness
                   .
                   It
                   's
                   said
                   that
                   these
                   Three
                   last
                   Kings
                   built
                   them
                   for
                   their
                   Wives
                   .
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   not
                   in
                   the
                   least
                   to
                   be
                   doubted
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   these
                   Pyramids
                   far
                   excel
                   all
                   the
                   other
                   Works
                   throughout
                   all
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   in
                   the
                   Greatness
                   and
                   Costs
                   of
                   the
                   Building
                   ,
                   but
                   in
                   the
                   Excellency
                   of
                   the
                   Workmanship
                   :
                   For
                   the
                   Architects
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   are
                   much
                   more
                   to
                   be
                   admir'd
                   than
                   the
                   Kings
                   themselves
                   that
                   were
                   at
                   the
                   Cost
                   .
                   For
                   those
                   perform'd
                   all
                   by
                   their
                   own
                   Ingenuity
                   ,
                   but
                   these
                   did
                   nothing
                   but
                   by
                   the
                   Wealth
                   handed
                   to
                   them
                   by
                   descent
                   from
                   their
                   Predecessors
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   the
                   Toyl
                   and
                   Labour
                   of
                   other
                   Men.
                   
                
                 
                   Yet
                   concerning
                   the
                   first
                   Builders
                   of
                   these
                   Pyramids
                   ,
                   there
                   's
                   no
                   Consent
                   ,
                   either
                   
                   amongst
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   or
                   Historians
                   .
                   For
                   some
                   say
                   they
                   were
                   built
                   by
                   the
                   Kings
                   before
                   mention'd
                   ,
                   some
                   by
                   others
                   .
                
                 
                   As
                   that
                   the
                   greatest
                   was
                   built
                   by
                   Armeus
                   ,
                   the
                   Second
                   by
                   *
                   Amasis
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Third
                   by
                   †
                   Inaronas
                   :
                   But
                   some
                   say
                   that
                   this
                   last
                   was
                   the
                   Sepulcher
                   of
                   one
                   Rhodopides
                   ,
                   a
                   Curtesan
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   built
                   in
                   remembrance
                   of
                   her
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   common
                   Charge
                   of
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Governors
                   of
                   the
                   Provinces
                   ,
                   who
                   were
                   her
                   Amours
                   .
                
                 
                   Bocchoris
                   was
                   the
                   next
                   who
                   succeeded
                   in
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   ,
                   a
                   
                   very
                   little
                   Man
                   for
                   Body
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   a
                   mean
                   and
                   contemptible
                   Presence
                   ;
                   but
                   as
                   to
                   his
                   Wisdom
                   and
                   Prudence
                   far
                   excelling
                   all
                   the
                   Kings
                   that
                   ever
                   were
                   before
                   him
                   in
                   Egypt
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   A
                   long
                   time
                   after
                   him
                   ,
                   one
                   Sabach
                   an
                   Ethiopian
                   came
                   to
                   the
                   
                   Throne
                   ,
                   going
                   beyond
                   all
                   his
                   Predecessors
                   in
                   his
                   Worship
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   kindness
                   to
                   his
                   Subjects
                   .
                   Any
                   Man
                   may
                   judge
                   and
                   have
                   a
                   clear
                   Evidence
                   of
                   his
                   gentle
                   Disposition
                   in
                   this
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   the
                   Laws
                   pronounc'd
                   the
                   severest
                   Judgment
                   (
                   I
                   mean
                   Sentence
                   of
                   Death
                   )
                   he
                   chang'd
                   the
                   Punishment
                   ,
                   and
                   made
                   an
                   Edict
                   that
                   the
                   Condemn'd
                   Persons
                   should
                   
                   be
                   kept
                   to
                   work
                   in
                   the
                   Towns
                   in
                   Chains
                   ,
                   by
                   whose
                   Labour
                   he
                   rais'd
                   many
                   Mounts
                   ,
                   and
                   made
                   many
                   Commodious
                   Canals
                   ;
                   conceiving
                   by
                   this
                   means
                   he
                   should
                   not
                   only
                   moderate
                   the
                   severity
                   of
                   the
                   Punishment
                   ,
                   but
                   instead
                   of
                   that
                   which
                   was
                   unprofitable
                   ,
                   advance
                   the
                   publick
                   Good
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Service
                   and
                   Labours
                   of
                   the
                   Condemn'd
                   .
                   A
                   Man
                   may
                   likewise
                   judge
                   of
                   his
                   extraordinary
                   Piety
                   from
                   his
                   Dream
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   Abdication
                   of
                   the
                   Government
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   Tutelar
                   God
                   of
                   Thebes
                   ,
                   seem'd
                   to
                   speak
                   to
                   him
                   in
                   his
                   Sleep
                   ,
                   and
                   told
                   him
                   that
                   he
                   could
                   not
                   long
                   reign
                   happily
                   and
                   prosperously
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   except
                   he
                   cut
                   all
                   the
                   Priests
                   in
                   Pieces
                   ,
                   when
                   he
                   pass'd
                   through
                   the
                   midst
                   of
                   them
                   with
                   his
                   Guards
                   and
                   Servants
                   ;
                   which
                   Advice
                   being
                   often
                   repeated
                   ,
                   he
                   at
                   length
                   sent
                   for
                   the
                   Priests
                   from
                   all
                   parts
                   ,
                   and
                   told
                   them
                   that
                   if
                   he
                   staid
                   in
                   Egypt
                   any
                   longer
                   ,
                   he
                   found
                   that
                   he
                   should
                   displease
                   God
                   ,
                   who
                   never
                   at
                   any
                   time
                   before
                   by
                   Dreams
                   or
                   Visions
                   commanded
                   any
                   such
                   thing
                   .
                   And
                   that
                   he
                   would
                   rather
                   be
                   gone
                   and
                   lose
                   his
                   Life
                   ,
                   being
                   pure
                   and
                   innocent
                   ,
                   than
                   displease
                   *
                   God
                   ,
                   or
                   injoy
                   the
                   Crown
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   by
                   staining
                   his
                   Life
                   with
                   the
                   horrid
                   Murder
                   of
                   the
                   Innocent
                   .
                   And
                   so
                   at
                   length
                   giving
                   up
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   into
                   the
                   Hands
                   of
                   the
                   People
                   ,
                   he
                   return'd
                   into
                   Ethiopia
                   .
                   Upon
                   this
                   there
                   was
                   an
                   Anarchy
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   Two
                   Years
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   People
                   falling
                   into
                   Tumults
                   and
                   intestine
                   Broyls
                   and
                   Slaughters
                   one
                   of
                   another
                   ,
                   Twelve
                   of
                   the
                   chief
                   Nobility
                   of
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   joyn'd
                   in
                   a
                   Solemn
                   Oath
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   calling
                   a
                   Senate
                   at
                   Memphis
                   ,
                   and
                   making
                   some
                   Laws
                   for
                   the
                   better
                   directing
                   and
                   cementing
                   of
                   them
                   in
                   mutual
                   peace
                   and
                   fidelity
                   ,
                   they
                   took
                   upon
                   them
                   the
                   Regal
                   Power
                   and
                   Authority
                   .
                   After
                   
                   they
                   had
                   govern'd
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   very
                   amicably
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   Fifteen
                   Years
                   ,
                   (
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Agreement
                   which
                   they
                   had
                   mutually
                   sworn
                   to
                   observe
                   )
                   they
                   apply'd
                   themselves
                   to
                   the
                   building
                   of
                   a
                   Sepulcher
                   ,
                   where
                   they
                   might
                   all
                   lye
                   together
                   ;
                   that
                   as
                   in
                   their
                   Life-time
                   they
                   had
                   been
                   equal
                   in
                   their
                   Power
                   and
                   Authority
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   always
                   carried
                   it
                   with
                   love
                   and
                   respect
                   one
                   towards
                   another
                   ;
                   so
                   after
                   Death
                   (
                   being
                   all
                   bury'd
                   together
                   in
                   one
                   Place
                   )
                   they
                   might
                   continue
                   the
                   Glory
                   of
                   their
                   Names
                   in
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   Monument
                   .
                   To
                   this
                   end
                   they
                   made
                   it
                   their
                   business
                   to
                   excel
                   all
                   their
                   Predecessors
                   in
                   the
                   greatness
                   of
                   their
                   Works
                   :
                   For
                   near
                   the
                   Lake
                   of
                   Myris
                   in
                   Lybia
                   ,
                   they
                   built
                   a
                   Four-square
                   Monument
                   of
                   Polish'd
                   Marble
                   ,
                   every
                   square
                   a
                   Furlong
                   in
                   length
                   ,
                   for
                   curious
                   Carvings
                   and
                   other
                   pieces
                   of
                   Art
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   equall'd
                   by
                   any
                   that
                   should
                   come
                   after
                   them
                   .
                   When
                   you
                   are
                   enter'd
                   within
                   the
                   Wall
                   ,
                   there
                   's
                   presented
                   a
                   stately
                   Fabrick
                   ,
                   supported
                   round
                   with
                   Pillars
                   ,
                   Forty
                   on
                   every
                   side
                   :
                   The
                   Roof
                   was
                   of
                   one
                   intire
                   Stone
                   ,
                   whereon
                   was
                   curiously
                   carv'd
                   Racks
                   and
                   Mangers
                   for
                   Horses
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   excellent
                   pieces
                   of
                   Workmanship
                   ,
                   and
                   painted
                   and
                   adorn'd
                   with
                   divers
                   sorts
                   of
                   Pictures
                   and
                   Images
                   ;
                   where
                   likewise
                   were
                   portray'd
                   the
                   Resemblances
                   of
                   the
                   Kings
                   ,
                   the
                   Temples
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Sacrifices
                   in
                   most
                   beautiful
                   Colours
                   .
                   And
                   such
                   was
                   the
                   Cost
                   and
                   Stateliness
                   of
                   this
                   Sepulcher
                   ,
                   begun
                   by
                   these
                   Kings
                   ,
                   that
                   (
                   if
                   they
                   had
                   not
                   been
                   dethron'd
                   before
                   it
                   was
                   perfected
                   )
                   none
                   ever
                   after
                   could
                   have
                   exceeded
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   state
                   and
                   magnificence
                   of
                   their
                   Works
                   .
                   But
                   after
                   they
                   had
                   reign'd
                   over
                   Egypt
                   Fifteen
                   Years
                   ,
                   all
                   of
                   them
                   but
                   one
                   lost
                   their
                   Sovereignty
                   in
                   the
                   manner
                   following
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Psammeticus
                     Saites
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Kings
                   ,
                   whose
                   Province
                   was
                   upon
                   the
                   Sea
                   Coasts
                   ,
                   
                   traffickt
                   with
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Merchants
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   with
                   the
                   Phenicians
                   and
                   Grecians
                   ;
                   by
                   this
                   means
                   inriching
                   his
                   Province
                   ,
                   by
                   vending
                   his
                   own
                   Commodities
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   importation
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   came
                   from
                   Greece
                   ,
                   he
                   not
                   only
                   grew
                   very
                   wealthy
                   ,
                   but
                   gain'd
                   an
                   interest
                   in
                   the
                   Nations
                   and
                   Princes
                   abroad
                   ;
                   upon
                   which
                   account
                   he
                   was
                   envy'd
                   by
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Kings
                   ,
                   who
                   for
                   that
                   reason
                   made
                   War
                   upon
                   him
                   .
                   Some
                   antient
                   Historians
                   tell
                   a
                   Story
                   ,
                   That
                   these
                   Princes
                   were
                   told
                   by
                   
                   the
                   Oracle
                   ,
                   That
                   which
                   of
                   them
                   should
                   first
                   pour
                   Wine
                   out
                   of
                   a
                   brazen
                   Viol
                   to
                   the
                   God
                   ador'd
                   at
                   Memphis
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   sole
                   Lord
                   of
                   all
                   Egypt
                   .
                   Whereupon
                   Psammeticus
                   when
                   the
                   Priest
                   brought
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Temple
                   Twelve
                   Golden
                   Viols
                   ,
                   pluckt
                   off
                   his
                   Helmet
                   ,
                   and
                   pour'd
                   out
                   a
                   Wine
                   Offering
                   from
                   thence
                   ;
                   which
                   when
                   his
                   Collegues
                   took
                   notice
                   of
                   ,
                   they
                   forbore
                   putting
                   him
                   to
                   death
                   ,
                   but
                   depos'd
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   banish'd
                   him
                   into
                   the
                   Fenns
                   ,
                   bordering
                   upon
                   the
                   Sea-Coasts
                   .
                   Whether
                   therefore
                   it
                   were
                   this
                   ,
                   or
                   Envy
                   as
                   is
                   said
                   before
                   ,
                   that
                   gave
                   Birth
                   to
                   this
                   Dissention
                   and
                   
                   Difference
                   amongst
                   them
                   ,
                   it
                   's
                   certain
                   Psammeticus
                   hir'd
                   Souldiers
                   out
                   of
                   
                     Arabia
                     ,
                     Caria
                  
                   and
                   Ionia
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   a
                   Field-Fight
                   near
                   the
                   City
                   Moniemphis
                   ,
                   he
                   got
                   the
                   day
                   .
                   Some
                   of
                   the
                   Kings
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   were
                   slain
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   fled
                   into
                   Africa
                   ,
                   and
                   were
                   not
                   able
                   further
                   to
                   contend
                   for
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   .
                
                 
                   Psammeticus
                   having
                   now
                   gain'd
                   possession
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   ,
                   built
                   a
                   Portico
                   to
                   the
                   East
                   Gate
                   of
                   the
                   Temple
                   at
                   Memphis
                   ,
                   in
                   honour
                   of
                   that
                   God
                   ,
                   and
                   incompass'd
                   the
                   Temple
                   with
                   a
                   Wall
                   ,
                   supporting
                   it
                   with
                   Colosses
                   of
                   Twelve
                   Cubits
                   high
                   in
                   the
                   room
                   of
                   Pillars
                   .
                   He
                   bestow'd
                   likewise
                   upon
                   his
                   Mercenary
                   Souldiers
                   many
                   large
                   Rewards
                   over
                   and
                   above
                   their
                   Pay
                   promis'd
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   He
                   gave
                   them
                   also
                   a
                   Place
                   call'd
                   Stratopedon
                   to
                   inhabit
                   ,
                   and
                   divided
                   amongst
                   them
                   by
                   Lot
                   a
                   large
                   piece
                   of
                   Land
                   ,
                   a
                   little
                   above
                   the
                   Mouth
                   of
                   Pelusium
                   ,
                   whom
                   Amasis
                   (
                   who
                   reign'd
                   many
                   Years
                   after
                   )
                   transplanted
                   to
                   Memphis
                   .
                   Being
                   therefore
                   that
                   he
                   had
                   gain'd
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   by
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   his
                   stipendary
                   Souldiers
                   ,
                   he
                   intrusted
                   them
                   chiefly
                   in
                   the
                   concerns
                   of
                   the
                   Government
                   ,
                   and
                   entertain'd
                   great
                   numbers
                   of
                   Strangers
                   and
                   Foreigners
                   .
                
                 
                   Afterwards
                   undertaking
                   an
                   Expedition
                   into
                   Syria
                   (
                   to
                   honour
                   the
                   Foreigners
                   )
                   he
                   plac'd
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   right
                   Wing
                   of
                   his
                   Army
                   ;
                   but
                   out
                   of
                   slight
                   and
                   disregard
                   to
                   the
                   natural
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   he
                   drew
                   up
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   Left
                   ;
                   with
                   which
                   Affront
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   were
                   so
                   incens'd
                   ,
                   that
                   above
                   Two
                   Hundred
                   Thousand
                   of
                   them
                   revolted
                   ,
                   and
                   marcht
                   away
                   towards
                   Ethiopia
                   ,
                   there
                   to
                   settle
                   themselves
                   in
                   new
                   Habitations
                   .
                   At
                   first
                   the
                   King
                   sent
                   some
                   of
                   his
                   Captives
                   after
                   them
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   an
                   Apology
                   for
                   the
                   Dishonour
                   done
                   them
                   ;
                   but
                   these
                   not
                   being
                   hearken'd
                   unto
                   ,
                   the
                   King
                   himself
                   with
                   some
                   of
                   his
                   Nobility
                   follow'd
                   them
                   by
                   Water
                   .
                   But
                   they
                   marcht
                   on
                   ,
                   and
                   entred
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   near
                   the
                   River
                   Nile
                   ,
                   where
                   he
                   earnestly
                   entreated
                   them
                   to
                   alter
                   their
                   purpose
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   remember
                   their
                   Gods
                   ,
                   their
                   Country
                   ,
                   Wives
                   and
                   Children
                   :
                   
                   They
                   all
                   cry'd
                   out
                   (
                   beating
                   upon
                   their
                   Shields
                   ,
                   and
                   shaking
                   their
                   Spears
                   )
                   that
                   as
                   long
                   as
                   they
                   had
                   Arms
                   in
                   their
                   Hands
                   ,
                   they
                   could
                   easily
                   gain
                   another
                   Country
                   ;
                   and
                   then
                   turning
                   aside
                   the
                   Flaps
                   of
                   their
                   Coats
                   ,
                   they
                   shew'd
                   their
                   Privy
                   Members
                   ,
                   bawling
                   out
                   ,
                   That
                   as
                   long
                   as
                   they
                   were
                   so
                   furnish'd
                   ,
                   they
                   should
                   never
                   want
                   Wives
                   or
                   Children
                   .
                   Possess'd
                   with
                   this
                   Resolution
                   and
                   Magnanimity
                   of
                   Mind
                   ,
                   they
                   despis'd
                   every
                   thing
                   that
                   by
                   all
                   others
                   are
                   highly
                   priz'd
                   and
                   valu'd
                   ,
                   and
                   setled
                   themselves
                   in
                   a
                   rich
                   and
                   fruitful
                   Soyl
                   in
                   Ethiopia
                   ,
                   dividing
                   the
                   Land
                   amongst
                   themselves
                   by
                   lot
                   .
                
                 
                   Psammeticus
                   laid
                   this
                   greatly
                   to
                   heart
                   ,
                   and
                   made
                   it
                   his
                   Business
                   to
                   settle
                   the
                   Affairs
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   increase
                   his
                   Revenues
                   ,
                   and
                   enter'd
                   into
                   League
                   with
                   the
                   Athenians
                   and
                   other
                   Grecians
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   very
                   kind
                   and
                   liberal
                   to
                   all
                   Strangers
                   that
                   came
                   into
                   Egypt
                   .
                   He
                   was
                   so
                   taken
                   with
                   the
                   Grecians
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   caus'd
                   his
                   Son
                   to
                   be
                   instructed
                   in
                   the
                   Grecian
                   Learning
                   .
                   He
                   was
                   certainly
                   the
                   first
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Kings
                   of
                   Egypt
                   that
                   incourag'd
                   Foreigners
                   to
                   traffick
                   in
                   his
                   Country
                   ,
                   giving
                   safe
                   Conduct
                   to
                   all
                   Strangers
                   that
                   sail'd
                   thither
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   former
                   Kings
                   allow'd
                   no
                   Strangers
                   to
                   come
                   into
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   and
                   if
                   any
                   did
                   arrive
                   ,
                   they
                   either
                   put
                   them
                   to
                   death
                   ,
                   or
                   made
                   them
                   Slaves
                   :
                   And
                   it
                   was
                   the
                   Churlishness
                   of
                   this
                   Nation
                   ,
                   which
                   caus'd
                   all
                   that
                   noise
                   among
                   the
                   Greeks
                   concerning
                   the
                   Cruelty
                   and
                   Wickedness
                   of
                   Busiris
                   ,
                   though
                   all
                   was
                   not
                   true
                   as
                   it
                   was
                   related
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   extraordinary
                   Severity
                   of
                   the
                   Country
                   gave
                   occasion
                   to
                   the
                   raising
                   of
                   those
                   Fables
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   Psammticeus
                   and
                   Four
                   Generations
                   past
                   ,
                   Apries
                   reign'd
                   Two
                   and
                   Twenty
                   
                   Years
                   .
                   He
                   invaded
                   with
                   mighty
                   Forces
                   ,
                   Cyprus
                   and
                   Phenicia
                   ,
                   and
                   took
                   Sidon
                   by
                   Storm
                   ;
                   and
                   through
                   Fear
                   and
                   Terror
                   of
                   him
                   ,
                   brought
                   other
                   Cities
                   of
                   Phenicia
                   into
                   Subjection
                   .
                   And
                   having
                   routed
                   the
                   Cyprians
                   and
                   Phenicians
                   in
                   a
                   great
                   Sea-Fight
                   ,
                   he
                   return'd
                   into
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   loaden
                   with
                   the
                   Spoils
                   of
                   his
                   Enemies
                   .
                   But
                   afterwards
                   sending
                   an
                   Army
                   against
                   Cyrene
                   and
                   Barca
                   ,
                   he
                   lost
                   most
                   of
                   them
                   ;
                   at
                   which
                   those
                   that
                   escap'd
                   ,
                   were
                   extraordinarily
                   inrag'd
                   ;
                   and
                   suspecting
                   that
                   he
                   imploy'd
                   them
                   in
                   this
                   Expedition
                   on
                   purpose
                   to
                   have
                   them
                   all
                   cut
                   off
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   might
                   reign
                   the
                   more
                   securely
                   over
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   they
                   all
                   revolted
                   .
                   For
                   Amasis
                   ,
                   a
                   
                   Nobleman
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   being
                   sent
                   against
                   them
                   by
                   the
                   King
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   slighted
                   the
                   King's
                   Commands
                   in
                   endeavouring
                   to
                   make
                   all
                   whole
                   again
                   ,
                   but
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   incited
                   the
                   Rebels
                   to
                   a
                   higher
                   degree
                   of
                   Rage
                   and
                   Indignation
                   against
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   turn'd
                   Rebel
                   himself
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   created
                   King.
                   And
                   not
                   long
                   after
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   People
                   all
                   went
                   over
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   the
                   King
                   not
                   knowing
                   what
                   to
                   do
                   ,
                   was
                   〈◊〉
                   to
                   fly
                   for
                   Aid
                   to
                   the
                   stipendiary
                   Souldiers
                   ,
                   who
                   were
                   about
                   Thirty
                   Thousand
                   ;
                   but
                   being
                   routed
                   in
                   a
                   Field-Fight
                   near
                   to
                   a
                   Town
                   call'd
                   Marius
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   there
                   taken
                   Prisoner
                   and
                   strangl'd
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   Amasis
                   having
                   setl'd
                   his
                   Affairs
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   he
                   judg'd
                   most
                   conducing
                   to
                   the
                   publick
                   good
                   ,
                   govern'd
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   with
                   all
                   Justice
                   and
                   Moderation
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   this
                   gain'd
                   the
                   good
                   Will
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   People
                   .
                   He
                   conquer'd
                   also
                   the
                   Cities
                   of
                   Cyprus
                   ,
                   and
                   adorn'd
                   the
                   Temples
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   with
                   many
                   rich
                   Gifts
                   and
                   Offerings
                   .
                   Having
                   reign'd
                   Five
                   and
                   Fifty
                   Years
                   ,
                   he
                   died
                   about
                   the
                   time
                   Cambyses
                   King
                   of
                   Persia
                   first
                   invaded
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Third
                   Year
                   of
                   the
                   Sixty
                   Third
                   Olympiad
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   
                   Parmenides
                   of
                   Camarina
                   was
                   Victor
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VI.
                   
                
                 
                   
                     The
                     Customs
                     of
                     the
                     Egyptians
                     :
                     Of
                     their
                     Kings
                     .
                     Of
                     their
                     Hourly
                     Imployment
                     ,
                     Sacrifices
                     ,
                     Diet
                     ,
                     &c.
                     Their
                     Burials
                     .
                     The
                     division
                     of
                     Egypt
                     .
                     Their
                     Trades
                     in
                     Egypt
                     .
                     Courts
                     of
                     Justice
                     .
                     Their
                     Law
                     Proceedings
                     .
                     The
                     several
                     Laws
                     of
                     Egypt
                     .
                     Beasts
                     and
                     Birds
                     ador'd
                     in
                     Egypt
                     ,
                     as
                     
                       Lions
                       ,
                       Wolves
                       ,
                       Cats
                    
                     ,
                     the
                     Bird
                     
                       Ibis
                       ,
                       Kites
                    
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                     Costs
                     in
                     their
                     Burial
                     of
                     these
                     Creatures
                     .
                     Reasons
                     given
                     of
                     this
                     Adoration
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   SInce
                   sufficient
                   hath
                   been
                   said
                   of
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Kings
                   from
                   the
                   most
                   ancient
                   
                   Times
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Death
                   of
                   Amasis
                   ,
                   (
                   leaving
                   for
                   a
                   while
                   what
                   remains
                   till
                   a
                   more
                   proper
                   time
                   )
                   we
                   shall
                   now
                   give
                   a
                   brief
                   account
                   of
                   those
                   Laws
                   and
                   Customs
                   of
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   that
                   are
                   most
                   to
                   be
                   admir'd
                   ,
                   and
                   may
                   especially
                   delight
                   and
                   profit
                   the
                   Reader
                   .
                   For
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   ancient
                   Customs
                   of
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   were
                   not
                   only
                   allow'd
                   by
                   the
                   natural
                   Inhabitants
                   ,
                   but
                   were
                   greatly
                   admir'd
                   by
                   the
                   Grecians
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   every
                   Learn'd
                   Man
                   earnestly
                   coveted
                   to
                   travel
                   into
                   Egypt
                   to
                   learn
                   the
                   Knowledge
                   of
                   their
                   Laws
                   and
                   Customs
                   ,
                   as
                   things
                   of
                   great
                   weight
                   and
                   moment
                   :
                   And
                   though
                   the
                   Country
                   anciently
                   forbad
                   all
                   reception
                   to
                   Strangers
                   (
                   for
                   the
                   Reasons
                   before
                   alledg'd
                   )
                   yet
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Ancients
                   ,
                   as
                   Orpheus
                   and
                   Homer
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   of
                   latter
                   times
                   ,
                   as
                   Pythagoras
                   the
                   Samian
                   ,
                   and
                   Solon
                   the
                   Lawgiver
                   ,
                   adventur'd
                   to
                   travel
                   thither
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   assirm
                   that
                   Letters
                   ,
                   Astronomy
                   ,
                   Geometry
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   other
                   Arts
                   were
                   first
                   found
                   out
                   by
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   best
                   Laws
                   were
                   made
                   and
                   instituted
                   by
                   them
                   .
                   To
                   confirm
                   which
                   ,
                   they
                   alledge
                   this
                   as
                   an
                   undeniable
                   Argument
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Native
                   Kings
                   of
                   Egypt
                   have
                   reign'd
                   there
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   above
                   Four
                   Thousand
                   and
                   Seven
                   Hundred
                   Years
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   their
                   Country
                   for
                   all
                   that
                   time
                   has
                   been
                   the
                   most
                   prosperous
                   and
                   flourishing
                   Kingdom
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   which
                   could
                   never
                   have
                   been
                   so
                   ,
                   if
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   had
                   not
                   been
                   civilized
                   ,
                   and
                   brought
                   up
                   under
                   good
                   Laws
                   ,
                   and
                   Liberal
                   Education
                   in
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Arts
                   and
                   Sciences
                   .
                   But
                   we
                   shall
                   omit
                   what
                   Herodotus
                   and
                   other
                   Writers
                   of
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   History
                   relate
                   ,
                   who
                   wilfully
                   pursue
                   and
                   prefer
                   prodigious
                   Stories
                   before
                   Truth
                   ,
                   and
                   relate
                   a
                   company
                   of
                   Fictions
                   meerly
                   for
                   Sport
                   and
                   Diversion
                   sake
                   ,
                   and
                   shall
                   give
                   an
                   Account
                   of
                   such
                   things
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   carefully
                   perus'd
                   and
                   examin'd
                   recorded
                   in
                   their
                   Books
                   by
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Priests
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   First
                   Kings
                   of
                   Egypt
                   liv'd
                   not
                   after
                   the
                   way
                   and
                   manner
                   of
                   other
                   Monarchs
                   ,
                   
                   to
                   do
                   what
                   they
                   list
                   ,
                   without
                   Controul
                   ;
                   but
                   in
                   every
                   thing
                   conform'd
                   themselves
                   to
                   their
                   Laws
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   in
                   the
                   publick
                   Administration
                   of
                   the
                   Government
                   ,
                   but
                   in
                   their
                   daily
                   private
                   Conversation
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   very
                   Meals
                   and
                   Diet.
                   For
                   among
                   their
                   Attendants
                   ,
                   they
                   had
                   neither
                   Slaves
                   for
                   Servants
                   ,
                   nor
                   such
                   as
                   were
                   born
                   in
                   their
                   Houses
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   Sons
                   of
                   the
                   chiefest
                   of
                   the
                   Priests
                   (
                   after
                   they
                   attain'd
                   to
                   the
                   Age
                   of
                   Twenty
                   Years
                   )
                   brought
                   up
                   and
                   educated
                   more
                   nobly
                   than
                   any
                   other
                   of
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   ;
                   that
                   having
                   such
                   noble
                   Attendants
                   upon
                   his
                   Person
                   (
                   of
                   the
                   best
                   and
                   highest
                   Rank
                   in
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   )
                   to
                   be
                   always
                   with
                   him
                   night
                   and
                   day
                   ,
                   he
                   might
                   not
                   do
                   any
                   thing
                   that
                   was
                   base
                   and
                   blame-worthy
                   .
                   For
                   no
                   Prince
                   is
                   apt
                   to
                   be
                   very
                   wicked
                   ,
                   except
                   he
                   have
                   some
                   ready
                   at
                   Hand
                   to
                   incourage
                   him
                   in
                   his
                   Lusts
                   .
                
                 
                   There
                   were
                   Hours
                   set
                   apart
                   in
                   the
                   Night
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   the
                   Day
                   ,
                   wherein
                   the
                   King
                   
                   was
                   to
                   do
                   something
                   injoyn'd
                   him
                   by
                   the
                   Laws
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   to
                   indulge
                   himself
                   in
                   his
                   Pleasures
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   When
                   he
                   rose
                   in
                   the
                   Morning
                   ,
                   the
                   first
                   thing
                   he
                   was
                   to
                   do
                   ,
                   was
                   to
                   peruse
                   all
                   the
                   publick
                   Letters
                   and
                   Advices
                   sent
                   from
                   all
                   Parts
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   might
                   order
                   his
                   Concerns
                   the
                   better
                   ,
                   by
                   having
                   perfect
                   knowledge
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Affairs
                   of
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   .
                   Then
                   Washing
                   himself
                   ,
                   and
                   putting
                   on
                   his
                   Splendid
                   Robes
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Ensigns
                   and
                   Badges
                   of
                   his
                   Royal
                   Authority
                   ,
                   he
                   went
                   to
                   Sacrifice
                   to
                   the
                   Gods.
                   
                
                 
                   When
                   the
                   Victims
                   were
                   brought
                   to
                   the
                   Altar
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   the
                   Custom
                   for
                   the
                   High
                   
                   Priest
                   in
                   the
                   presence
                   of
                   the
                   King
                   and
                   People
                   standing
                   round
                   about
                   him
                   ,
                   to
                   pray
                   with
                   a
                   loud
                   Voice
                   for
                   the
                   Health
                   and
                   Prosperity
                   of
                   the
                   King
                   ,
                   who
                   righteously
                   rul'd
                   and
                   govern'd
                   his
                   Subjects
                   ,
                   wherein
                   he
                   recounted
                   all
                   the
                   Virtues
                   of
                   the
                   Prince
                   ,
                   his
                   Piety
                   towards
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   his
                   kindness
                   to
                   his
                   People
                   ;
                   how
                   Continent
                   ,
                   Just
                   ,
                   Magnanimous
                   and
                   Faithful
                   he
                   was
                   ;
                   how
                   Bountiful
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   a
                   Master
                   he
                   was
                   over
                   all
                   inordinate
                   Appetites
                   and
                   Passions
                   ;
                   how
                   he
                   was
                   Mild
                   and
                   Gentle
                   in
                   inflicing
                   Punishments
                   upon
                   Offenders
                   ,
                   less
                   than
                   their
                   Deserts
                   ,
                   and
                   Bountiful
                   in
                   distributing
                   of
                   his
                   Rewards
                   .
                   When
                   the
                   Priest
                   had
                   utter'd
                   these
                   and
                   such
                   like
                   Commendations
                   ,
                   he
                   at
                   last
                   pronounc'd
                   a
                   Curse
                   upon
                   all
                   such
                   Offences
                   and
                   Miscarriages
                   as
                   had
                   been
                   ignorantly
                   committed
                   ;
                   yet
                   withal
                   ,
                   clearing
                   the
                   King
                   ,
                   and
                   laying
                   all
                   the
                   Blame
                   and
                   Guilt
                   upon
                   his
                   Ministers
                   and
                   Advisers
                   .
                   And
                   this
                   the
                   Priest
                   did
                   that
                   he
                   might
                   thereby
                   induce
                   and
                   persuade
                   the
                   King
                   to
                   an
                   Awe
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   live
                   so
                   as
                   might
                   be
                   pleasing
                   to
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   likewise
                   by
                   Praise
                   and
                   Commendation
                   rather
                   gently
                   to
                   win
                   upon
                   him
                   ,
                   than
                   by
                   harsh
                   and
                   rugged
                   Rebukes
                   to
                   drive
                   him
                   to
                   the
                   practice
                   of
                   Virtuous
                   Actions
                   .
                   Afterwards
                   when
                   the
                   King
                   had
                   view'd
                   the
                   Intrals
                   and
                   *
                   finish'd
                   his
                   Sacrifices
                   ,
                   the
                   Priests
                   read
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Sacred
                   Records
                   ,
                   the
                   Edicts
                   ,
                   Laws
                   and
                   most
                   useful
                   and
                   remarkable
                   Actions
                   of
                   such
                   as
                   were
                   most
                   famous
                   in
                   their
                   Generations
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Prince
                   might
                   seriously
                   consider
                   and
                   ponder
                   upon
                   what
                   was
                   most
                   commendable
                   in
                   those
                   Examples
                   ,
                   and
                   imitate
                   them
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Rules
                   there
                   prescrib'd
                   .
                   For
                   there
                   were
                   not
                   only
                   set
                   Times
                   allotted
                   for
                   dispatch
                   of
                   publick
                   Business
                   ,
                   and
                   Administration
                   of
                   Justice
                   ,
                   but
                   likewise
                   for
                   taking
                   of
                   the
                   Air
                   ,
                   Bathing
                   ,
                   lying
                   with
                   the
                   Queen
                   ,
                   and
                   almost
                   every
                   action
                   of
                   their
                   Lives
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Custom
                   was
                   likewise
                   for
                   the
                   Kings
                   to
                   feed
                   upon
                   plain
                   and
                   ordinary
                   Meat
                   ,
                   
                   as
                   Veal
                   and
                   Goose
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   drink
                   Wine
                   according
                   to
                   a
                   stinted
                   measure
                   ,
                   which
                   might
                   neither
                   overcharge
                   their
                   Stomacks
                   ,
                   nor
                   make
                   them
                   drunk
                   .
                   Such
                   a
                   moderate
                   Diet
                   was
                   prescrib'd
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   it
                   seem'd
                   rather
                   to
                   be
                   order'd
                   by
                   a
                   Skilful
                   Physitian
                   for
                   Health
                   sake
                   ,
                   than
                   by
                   a
                   Law-maker
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   indeed
                   to
                   be
                   admir'd
                   and
                   very
                   strange
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   King
                   should
                   not
                   be
                   left
                   to
                   his
                   liberty
                   for
                   his
                   daily
                   Food
                   ;
                   but
                   much
                   more
                   is
                   it
                   to
                   be
                   admir'd
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   could
                   not
                   do
                   any
                   publick
                   Business
                   ,
                   Condemn
                   or
                   Punish
                   any
                   Man
                   to
                   gratify
                   his
                   own
                   Humour
                   or
                   Revenge
                   ,
                   or
                   for
                   any
                   other
                   unjust
                   
                   Cause
                   ;
                   but
                   was
                   bound
                   to
                   do
                   according
                   as
                   the
                   Laws
                   had
                   ordered
                   in
                   every
                   particular
                   case
                   .
                   The
                   Kings
                   observing
                   those
                   Rules
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   ancient
                   Custom
                   ,
                   were
                   so
                   far
                   from
                   thinking
                   it
                   dishonourable
                   ,
                   or
                   being
                   uneasy
                   under
                   it
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   lookt
                   upon
                   themselves
                   to
                   live
                   most
                   desirable
                   and
                   happy
                   Lives
                   ;
                   and
                   judg'd
                   that
                   all
                   other
                   Men
                   who
                   inconsiderately
                   indulg'd
                   their
                   natural
                   Appetites
                   ,
                   did
                   many
                   things
                   that
                   were
                   attended
                   with
                   great
                   Losses
                   ,
                   or
                   apparent
                   Hazards
                   at
                   the
                   least
                   ;
                   yea
                   ,
                   that
                   some
                   ,
                   though
                   they
                   know
                   beforehand
                   that
                   what
                   they
                   were
                   about
                   to
                   do
                   was
                   ill
                   and
                   unjustifiable
                   ,
                   yet
                   overcome
                   either
                   with
                   Love
                   or
                   Hatred
                   ,
                   or
                   some
                   other
                   unruly
                   Passion
                   ,
                   committed
                   the
                   wicked
                   act
                   notwithstanding
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   they
                   were
                   resolv'd
                   to
                   follow
                   the
                   Rules
                   of
                   living
                   ,
                   before
                   approv'd
                   by
                   wise
                   and
                   prudent
                   Men
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   to
                   fall
                   into
                   the
                   least
                   Irregularity
                   .
                   The
                   Kings
                   therefore
                   carrying
                   this
                   even
                   Hand
                   towards
                   ail
                   their
                   Subjects
                   ,
                   were
                   more
                   beloved
                   by
                   them
                   than
                   by
                   their
                   own
                   Kindred
                   and
                   Relations
                   :
                   For
                   not
                   only
                   all
                   the
                   Orders
                   of
                   the
                   Priests
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   whole
                   Nation
                   together
                   were
                   more
                   concern'd
                   for
                   the
                   Health
                   and
                   Prosperity
                   of
                   their
                   Kings
                   ,
                   than
                   they
                   were
                   for
                   their
                   Wives
                   and
                   Children
                   ,
                   or
                   their
                   private
                   Interests
                   in
                   their
                   Goods
                   and
                   Estates
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   as
                   long
                   as
                   these
                   wholsom
                   Laws
                   were
                   observ'd
                   amongst
                   'em
                   ,
                   they
                   preserv'd
                   their
                   Government
                   without
                   stain
                   or
                   blemish
                   for
                   many
                   Ages
                   under
                   the
                   Kings
                   before-mention'd
                   ,
                   living
                   in
                   the
                   height
                   of
                   all
                   Worldly
                   Happiness
                   :
                   And
                   besides
                   all
                   this
                   ,
                   were
                   Conquerors
                   of
                   many
                   Nations
                   ,
                   and
                   grew
                   exceeding
                   rich
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   Provinces
                   were
                   beautify'd
                   with
                   many
                   stately
                   magnificent
                   Works
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   Cities
                   adorn'd
                   with
                   many
                   rich
                   Gifts
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   .
                
                 
                   What
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   perform'd
                   after
                   the
                   Deaths
                   of
                   every
                   of
                   their
                   Kings
                   ,
                   clearly
                   evidences
                   the
                   great
                   Love
                   they
                   bore
                   to
                   them
                   .
                   For
                   Honour
                   done
                   him
                   that
                   cannot
                   possibly
                   know
                   it
                   (
                   in
                   a
                   grateful
                   return
                   of
                   a
                   former
                   Benefit
                   )
                   carries
                   along
                   with
                   
                   it
                   a
                   Testimony
                   of
                   Sincerity
                   ,
                   without
                   the
                   least
                   colour
                   of
                   Dissimulation
                   .
                   For
                   upon
                   
                   the
                   Death
                   of
                   every
                   King
                   ,
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   generally
                   lament
                   with
                   an
                   universal
                   Mourning
                   ,
                   rend
                   their
                   Garments
                   ,
                   shut
                   up
                   their
                   Temples
                   ,
                   inhibit
                   Sacrifices
                   and
                   all
                   Feasts
                   and
                   Solemnities
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   Seventy
                   Two
                   Days
                   :
                   They
                   cast
                   *
                   Dust
                   likewise
                   upon
                   their
                   Heads
                   ,
                   and
                   gird
                   themselves
                   under
                   their
                   Breasts
                   with
                   a
                   Linnen
                   Girdle
                   ;
                   and
                   thus
                   Men
                   and
                   Women
                   Two
                   Hundred
                   or
                   Three
                   Hundred
                   sometimes
                   in
                   a
                   Company
                   ,
                   twice
                   a
                   Day
                   go
                   about
                   singing
                   mournful
                   Songs
                   in
                   praise
                   of
                   the
                   deceas'd
                   King
                   ,
                   recalling
                   his
                   Virtues
                   (
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   )
                   from
                   the
                   very
                   Grave
                   .
                   During
                   that
                   time
                   ,
                   they
                   neither
                   eat
                   Flesh
                   ,
                   nor
                   any
                   thing
                   bak'd
                   or
                   heated
                   by
                   the
                   Fire
                   ,
                   and
                   abstain
                   from
                   Wine
                   and
                   all
                   Sumptuous
                   Fare
                   :
                   Neither
                   dare
                   any
                   use
                   Baths
                   or
                   Oyntments
                   ,
                   Beds
                   trim'd
                   up
                   ,
                   or
                   indulge
                   themselves
                   with
                   Women
                   .
                   But
                   every
                   one
                   (
                   as
                   if
                   they
                   had
                   lost
                   their
                   dearest
                   beloved
                   Child
                   )
                   is
                   in
                   mourning
                   and
                   sadness
                   ,
                   and
                   spends
                   all
                   these
                   Days
                   in
                   Lamentation
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   all
                   things
                   are
                   prepar'd
                   in
                   a
                   stately
                   manner
                   for
                   the
                   Funeral
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   last
                   day
                   the
                   Coffin
                   with
                   the
                   Body
                   inclos'd
                   ,
                   is
                   set
                   at
                   the
                   Entrance
                   into
                   the
                   Sepulcher
                   :
                   And
                   there
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Law
                   ,
                   in
                   honour
                   of
                   the
                   Deceased
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   Actions
                   of
                   his
                   Life
                   are
                   rehears'd
                   ,
                   where
                   every
                   one
                   that
                   will
                   ,
                   has
                   free
                   liberty
                   to
                   accuse
                   him
                   .
                   But
                   all
                   the
                   Priests
                   set
                   forth
                   his
                   Praise
                   ,
                   mentioning
                   all
                   the
                   noble
                   Actions
                   of
                   his
                   Life
                   ;
                   and
                   many
                   Thousands
                   of
                   People
                   met
                   together
                   at
                   the
                   bringing
                   forth
                   of
                   the
                   Body
                   (
                   if
                   the
                   King
                   have
                   rul'd
                   well
                   )
                   second
                   the
                   Priests
                   with
                   a
                   tumultuous
                   Cry
                   and
                   Noise
                   of
                   Approbation
                   :
                   But
                   if
                   he
                   have
                   govern'd
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   hush
                   and
                   still
                   :
                   And
                   therefore
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   Kings
                   (
                   through
                   the
                   dislike
                   of
                   the
                   People
                   )
                   have
                   not
                   been
                   honour'd
                   with
                   any
                   Funeral
                   Pomp
                   or
                   solemn
                   Burial
                   ;
                   upon
                   which
                   account
                   the
                   succeeding
                   Kings
                   (
                   not
                   only
                   for
                   the
                   Reasons
                   before-mention'd
                   ,
                   but
                   because
                   they
                   fear
                   the
                   abuse
                   of
                   their
                   Bodies
                   after
                   Death
                   ,
                   and
                   everlasting
                   disgrace
                   and
                   dishonour
                   )
                   have
                   study'd
                   how
                   to
                   acquit
                   themselves
                   by
                   just
                   and
                   Virtuous
                   Actions
                   .
                   These
                   are
                   the
                   most
                   remarkable
                   Manners
                   and
                   Customs
                   of
                   the
                   ancient
                   Kings
                   of
                   Egypt
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   whole
                   Land
                   of
                   Egypt
                   is
                   divided
                   into
                   several
                   Parts
                   ,
                   which
                   the
                   Greeks
                   call
                   
                   Nomoi
                   ,
                   over
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   which
                   is
                   appointed
                   a
                   Lord
                   Lieutenant
                   or
                   Provincial
                   Governor
                   ,
                   who
                   is
                   intrusted
                   with
                   Administration
                   of
                   publick
                   Affairs
                   in
                   the
                   Province
                   .
                   The
                   whole
                   Country
                   likewise
                   is
                   divided
                   into
                   Three
                   Parts
                   ,
                   whereof
                   the
                   First
                   is
                   allotted
                   to
                   the
                   Priests
                   ,
                   who
                   are
                   highly
                   reverenc'd
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   in
                   great
                   Authority
                   among
                   the
                   People
                   ,
                   both
                   for
                   their
                   Piety
                   towards
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   great
                   Wisdom
                   and
                   Learning
                   wherein
                   they
                   instruct
                   the
                   People
                   .
                   And
                   out
                   of
                   their
                   Revenues
                   ,
                   they
                   provide
                   Sacrifices
                   throughout
                   all
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   and
                   maintain
                   their
                   Families
                   and
                   Servants
                   ,
                   and
                   procure
                   all
                   other
                   things
                   necessary
                   for
                   themselves
                   :
                   For
                   they
                   judge
                   it
                   not
                   lawful
                   by
                   any
                   means
                   that
                   the
                   Worship
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   should
                   be
                   altered
                   (
                   but
                   always
                   perform'd
                   by
                   them
                   after
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   )
                   nor
                   that
                   those
                   who
                   are
                   the
                   publick
                   Ministers
                   of
                   State
                   should
                   want
                   any
                   thing
                   that
                   is
                   necessary
                   .
                   For
                   these
                   are
                   always
                   at
                   the
                   King's
                   Elbow
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   Chief
                   of
                   his
                   Privy
                   Counsel
                   ,
                   who
                   assist
                   ,
                   advise
                   and
                   instruct
                   him
                   upon
                   all
                   occasions
                   .
                   By
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   Astrology
                   ,
                   and
                   viewing
                   the
                   Intrals
                   of
                   the
                   Sacrifices
                   ,
                   they
                   Divine
                   and
                   foretel
                   future
                   Events
                   ,
                   and
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Records
                   in
                   the
                   sacred
                   Registers
                   from
                   things
                   done
                   in
                   former
                   times
                   ,
                   they
                   read
                   profitable
                   Lectures
                   for
                   present
                   use
                   and
                   practice
                   .
                   For
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   (
                   as
                   among
                   the
                   Grecians
                   )
                   that
                   one
                   Man
                   or
                   one
                   Woman
                   only
                   executes
                   the
                   Priest's
                   Office
                   ,
                   but
                   in
                   Egypt
                   many
                   are
                   imploy'd
                   in
                   the
                   Sacrifices
                   and
                   Worship
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   who
                   teach
                   the
                   same
                   way
                   and
                   manner
                   of
                   Service
                   to
                   their
                   Children
                   and
                   Posterity
                   .
                   They
                   are
                   free
                   from
                   all
                   publick
                   Taxes
                   and
                   Impositions
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   in
                   the
                   Second
                   place
                   to
                   the
                   King
                   in
                   Honour
                   and
                   Authority
                   .
                   The
                   Second
                   Portion
                   belongs
                   to
                   the
                   King
                   ,
                   as
                   his
                   Revenue
                   to
                   support
                   his
                   Royal
                   State
                   and
                   Dignity
                   ,
                   and
                   maintain
                   the
                   Charge
                   of
                   his
                   Wars
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   inable
                   him
                   to
                   reward
                   those
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   eminent
                   for
                   their
                   Virtue
                   and
                   publick
                   Service
                   ,
                   with
                   Gifts
                   according
                   to
                   their
                   Deserts
                   ;
                   and
                   inasmuch
                   as
                   this
                   Portion
                   brings
                   in
                   a
                   plentiful
                   Provision
                   for
                   all
                   these
                   purposes
                   ,
                   the
                   People
                   are
                   not
                   
                   oppress'd
                   with
                   Taxes
                   and
                   heavy
                   Impositions
                   .
                   The
                   last
                   Portion
                   belongs
                   to
                   the
                   Soldiers
                   ,
                   who
                   at
                   a
                   word
                   are
                   ready
                   at
                   the
                   King's
                   Commands
                   for
                   every
                   Expedition
                   ;
                   that
                   they
                   who
                   venture
                   their
                   Lives
                   in
                   the
                   Wars
                   ,
                   being
                   indear'd
                   to
                   their
                   Country
                   by
                   that
                   plentiful
                   share
                   and
                   proportion
                   allotted
                   them
                   ,
                   may
                   more
                   chearfully
                   undergo
                   the
                   hazards
                   of
                   War.
                   For
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   an
                   irrational
                   thing
                   to
                   intrust
                   the
                   safety
                   and
                   preservation
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   ,
                   with
                   them
                   who
                   have
                   nothing
                   in
                   their
                   Country
                   that
                   's
                   dear
                   or
                   valuable
                   to
                   them
                   to
                   sight
                   for
                   .
                   And
                   the
                   chief
                   Reason
                   why
                   so
                   large
                   a
                   share
                   is
                   allotted
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   they
                   might
                   more
                   readily
                   marry
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   make
                   the
                   Nation
                   more
                   populous
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   there
                   might
                   be
                   no
                   need
                   of
                   Foreign
                   Aids
                   
                   and
                   Assistances
                   .
                   Besides
                   ,
                   that
                   Children
                   descended
                   from
                   Soldiers
                   ,
                   would
                   be
                   apt
                   to
                   imitate
                   the
                   valour
                   of
                   their
                   Ancestors
                   ,
                   and
                   minding
                   Arms
                   from
                   their
                   very
                   Childhood
                   ,
                   would
                   at
                   length
                   (
                   through
                   their
                   natural
                   Courage
                   and
                   Skill
                   in
                   their
                   Arms
                   )
                   become
                   unconquerable
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Nation
                   likewise
                   is
                   distinguish'd
                   into
                   Three
                   other
                   Classes
                   and
                   Orders
                   of
                   Men
                   ,
                   Shepherds
                   ,
                   Husbandmen
                   and
                   Artificers
                   .
                   The
                   Husbandmen
                   take
                   the
                   Land
                   (
                   fit
                   for
                   Tillage
                   and
                   bearing
                   of
                   other
                   Fruits
                   )
                   of
                   the
                   King
                   ,
                   the
                   Priests
                   and
                   the
                   Sword-men
                   ,
                   upon
                   an
                   easie
                   Rent
                   ,
                   and
                   take
                   up
                   all
                   their
                   Time
                   in
                   this
                   Business
                   ;
                   and
                   because
                   they
                   are
                   bred
                   up
                   from
                   their
                   very
                   Infancy
                   in
                   Country
                   Affairs
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   the
                   most
                   Skilful
                   Husbandmen
                   of
                   any
                   other
                   Nation
                   in
                   the
                   World.
                   For
                   they
                   know
                   exactly
                   the
                   Nature
                   of
                   the
                   Land
                   ,
                   the
                   Inundation
                   of
                   the
                   Waters
                   ,
                   Seed-time
                   and
                   Harvest
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   gathering
                   in
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   Fruits
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   partly
                   from
                   the
                   knowledge
                   gain'd
                   from
                   their
                   Ancestors
                   ,
                   and
                   partly
                   from
                   their
                   own
                   particular
                   Experience
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   way
                   and
                   manner
                   of
                   the
                   Shepherds
                   is
                   the
                   same
                   ,
                   who
                   being
                   us'd
                   to
                   look
                   after
                   the
                   Flocks
                   and
                   Herds
                   from
                   Father
                   to
                   Son
                   ,
                   make
                   it
                   their
                   whole
                   Imployment
                   to
                   feed
                   and
                   pasture
                   them
                   .
                   They
                   have
                   indeed
                   learnt
                   many
                   things
                   from
                   their
                   Ancestors
                   concerning
                   the
                   best
                   way
                   of
                   governing
                   and
                   feeding
                   their
                   Flocks
                   ,
                   but
                   not
                   a
                   few
                   by
                   their
                   own
                   Study
                   and
                   Invention
                   .
                   And
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   chiefly
                   to
                   be
                   admir'd
                   ,
                   is
                   that
                   their
                   Industry
                   is
                   such
                   in
                   these
                   matters
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   that
                   keep
                   Poultry
                   and
                   Geese
                   ,
                   not
                   content
                   with
                   the
                   ordinary
                   way
                   of
                   breeding
                   these
                   Creatures
                   (
                   as
                   amongst
                   other
                   People
                   )
                   but
                   by
                   their
                   Wit
                   and
                   Ingenuity
                   cause
                   them
                   to
                   increase
                   to
                   an
                   infinite
                   number
                   ,
                   for
                   they
                   do
                   not
                   suffer
                   them
                   to
                   hatch
                   ,
                   but
                   to
                   admiration
                   force
                   out
                   the
                   Young
                   with
                   their
                   Hands
                   with
                   so
                   much
                   Art
                   and
                   Skill
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   's
                   done
                   as
                   effectually
                   as
                   by
                   Nature
                   it self
                   .
                
                 
                   Arts
                   and
                   Trades
                   likewise
                   among
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   are
                   greatly
                   improv'd
                   and
                   brought
                   
                   to
                   their
                   highest
                   perfection
                   .
                   For
                   it
                   's
                   a
                   Rule
                   only
                   among
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   that
                   no
                   Mechanick
                   or
                   other
                   Artificer
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   any
                   other
                   Trade
                   or
                   Imployment
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   be
                   reckon'd
                   up
                   among
                   any
                   other
                   Orders
                   or
                   Classes
                   of
                   the
                   Commonwealth
                   ,
                   than
                   such
                   as
                   by
                   the
                   Law
                   is
                   allow'd
                   ,
                   and
                   taught
                   them
                   by
                   their
                   Parents
                   ;
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   neither
                   Envy
                   attending
                   Magistracy
                   ,
                   nor
                   publick
                   Business
                   of
                   the
                   State
                   ,
                   or
                   any
                   thing
                   else
                   might
                   interrupt
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   diligent
                   improvement
                   of
                   their
                   Trades
                   .
                   In
                   other
                   Places
                   we
                   see
                   Artificers
                   and
                   Tradesmen
                   busy'd
                   about
                   many
                   other
                   things
                   ,
                   and
                   (
                   to
                   gratify
                   their
                   Covetousness
                   )
                   not
                   to
                   stick
                   to
                   any
                   one
                   Imployment
                   .
                   For
                   some
                   apply
                   themselves
                   to
                   Husbandry
                   ,
                   others
                   to
                   Merchandize
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   follow
                   Two
                   or
                   Three
                   Trades
                   at
                   once
                   .
                   And
                   many
                   who
                   run
                   to
                   the
                   publick
                   Assemblies
                   in
                   Cities
                   ,
                   under
                   a
                   Democratical
                   Government
                   ,
                   by
                   Bribes
                   and
                   Rewards
                   inrich
                   themselves
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   damage
                   and
                   prejudice
                   of
                   the
                   Commonwealth
                   .
                   But
                   in
                   Egypt
                   if
                   any
                   Tradesman
                   meddle
                   in
                   Civil
                   Affairs
                   ,
                   or
                   exercise
                   any
                   more
                   than
                   one
                   Trade
                   at
                   once
                   ,
                   he
                   is
                   grievously
                   punish'd
                   .
                   And
                   in
                   this
                   manner
                   the
                   antient
                   Egyptians
                   divided
                   their
                   Commonwealth
                   ,
                   and
                   every
                   Order
                   took
                   care
                   to
                   preserve
                   themselves
                   intire
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   which
                   they
                   had
                   learnt
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   been
                   handed
                   down
                   to
                   them
                   from
                   their
                   Ancestors
                   .
                   They
                   
                   were
                   likewise
                   extraordinary
                   careful
                   concerning
                   their
                   Courts
                   of
                   Justice
                   ,
                   for
                   they
                   lookt
                   upon
                   just
                   Sentences
                   and
                   Decrees
                   pronounc'd
                   from
                   the
                   Seats
                   of
                   Justice
                   on
                   both
                   sides
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   great
                   weight
                   and
                   moment
                   to
                   the
                   advancement
                   of
                   the
                   publick
                   good
                   .
                   For
                   they
                   knew
                   very
                   well
                   ,
                   that
                   Mens
                   miscarriages
                   would
                   be
                   best
                   reform'd
                   ,
                   if
                   Offenders
                   were
                   duly
                   punish'd
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Injur'd
                   and
                   Oppress'd
                   reliev'd
                   :
                   And
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   they
                   foresaw
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   the
                   Punishment
                   due
                   by
                   the
                   Law
                   to
                   Malefactors
                   could
                   be
                   bought
                   off
                   for
                   Mony
                   ,
                   Favour
                   or
                   Affection
                   ,
                   then
                   nothing
                   but
                   Disorder
                   and
                   Confusion
                   would
                   enter
                   into
                   all
                   Orders
                   and
                   Societies
                   of
                   Men
                   among
                   them
                   :
                   And
                   therefore
                   to
                   prevent
                   this
                   (
                   with
                   good
                   effect
                   )
                   they
                   chose
                   Men
                   of
                   the
                   greatest
                   Reputation
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Chiefest
                   Cities
                   to
                   be
                   their
                   Judges
                   :
                   As
                   out
                   of
                   
                     Heliopolis
                     ,
                     Thebes
                  
                   and
                   Memphis
                   ;
                   which
                   Assembly
                   of
                   the
                   Judges
                   was
                   nothing
                   inferior
                   to
                   the
                   Arcopagites
                   in
                   Athens
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   Senate
                   at
                   Sparta
                   .
                   Out
                   of
                   these
                   (
                   being
                   Thirty
                   in
                   number
                   )
                   they
                   chose
                   one
                   the
                   most
                   eminent
                   among
                   them
                   to
                   be
                   President
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   his
                   Room
                   the
                   City
                   sent
                   another
                   .
                   The
                   Judges
                   receiv'd
                   their
                   Salaries
                   from
                   the
                   King
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   President
                   had
                   the
                   greatest
                   Allowance
                   ;
                   about
                   his
                   Neck
                   he
                   wore
                   a
                   golden
                   Chain
                   ,
                   at
                   which
                   hung
                   a
                   Picture
                   representing
                   Truth
                   ,
                   set
                   with
                   precious
                   Stones
                   .
                   When
                   the
                   President
                   put
                   on
                   his
                   Chain
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   a
                   Sign
                   then
                   he
                   was
                   about
                   to
                   hear
                   Causes
                   .
                   And
                   when
                   the
                   Eight
                   Books
                   wherein
                   the
                   Laws
                   were
                   written
                   were
                   laid
                   before
                   
                   the
                   Judges
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   the
                   Custom
                   that
                   the
                   Plaintiff
                   exhibited
                   his
                   Complaint
                   in
                   writing
                   distinctly
                   and
                   particularly
                   ;
                   setting
                   forth
                   wherein
                   he
                   was
                   injur'd
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   how
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   value
                   of
                   his
                   damage
                   sustain'd
                   .
                   On
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   the
                   Defendant
                   or
                   the
                   Party
                   accus'd
                   ,
                   after
                   a
                   Copy
                   had
                   of
                   his
                   Adversaries
                   Libel
                   ,
                   answered
                   in
                   Writing
                   to
                   every
                   particular
                   ,
                   either
                   by
                   denying
                   or
                   justifying
                   ,
                   or
                   pleading
                   something
                   in
                   mitigation
                   of
                   Damages
                   .
                   Then
                   the
                   Plaintiff
                   reply'd
                   in
                   Writing
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Defendant
                   rejoyn'd
                   .
                   After
                   the
                   Litigants
                   had
                   thus
                   twice
                   exhibited
                   their
                   Libels
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   then
                   the
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Thirty
                   Judges
                   to
                   consider
                   amongst
                   themselves
                   of
                   the
                   Judgment
                   to
                   be
                   pronounc'd
                   ,
                   and
                   incumbent
                   upon
                   the
                   President
                   *
                   to
                   turn
                   the
                   Essigies
                   of
                   Truth
                   towards
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Litigants
                   .
                   And
                   this
                   was
                   the
                   usual
                   manner
                   of
                   Proceedings
                   in
                   their
                   Courts
                   of
                   Justice
                   among
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   .
                   For
                   it
                   was
                   judg'd
                   ,
                   that
                   by
                   the
                   Harangues
                   of
                   Lawyers
                   ,
                   a
                   Cloud
                   was
                   cast
                   upon
                   the
                   Truth
                   and
                   Justice
                   of
                   the
                   Cause
                   ;
                   inasmuch
                   as
                   the
                   Arts
                   of
                   Rhetoricians
                   ,
                   the
                   jugling
                   Tricks
                   of
                   Dissemblers
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Fears
                   of
                   them
                   that
                   are
                   like
                   to
                   be
                   overthrown
                   in
                   their
                   Cause
                   ,
                   have
                   wrought
                   upon
                   many
                   to
                   wave
                   the
                   strictness
                   of
                   the
                   Law
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   turn
                   aside
                   from
                   the
                   Rule
                   of
                   Justice
                   and
                   Truth
                   :
                   And
                   indeed
                   it
                   s
                   often
                   found
                   by
                   experience
                   ,
                   that
                   Offenders
                   brought
                   to
                   the
                   Bar
                   of
                   Justice
                   by
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   a
                   cunning
                   Orator
                   ,
                   or
                   their
                   own
                   Rhetorical
                   Flourishes
                   (
                   either
                   through
                   a
                   Fallacy
                   put
                   upon
                   the
                   Court
                   ,
                   or
                   taking
                   Insinuations
                   ,
                   or
                   melting
                   Compassions
                   wrought
                   by
                   the
                   Speaker
                   in
                   the
                   Judge
                   )
                   have
                   escap'd
                   :
                   Therefore
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   concluded
                   ,
                   that
                   if
                   all
                   the
                   Accusation
                   was
                   put
                   into
                   Writing
                   ,
                   and
                   consideration
                   had
                   barely
                   of
                   what
                   was
                   there
                   set
                   down
                   ,
                   the
                   Sentence
                   would
                   be
                   more
                   exact
                   and
                   just
                   .
                   And
                   so
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   crafty
                   and
                   ingenious
                   Fellows
                   would
                   be
                   no
                   more
                   favour'd
                   ,
                   than
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   more
                   dull
                   ,
                   nor
                   the
                   experienc'd
                   Artist
                   more
                   than
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   ignorant
                   and
                   unskilful
                   ,
                   nor
                   the
                   audacious
                   Liar
                   more
                   than
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   modest
                   and
                   sincere
                   ;
                   but
                   all
                   would
                   have
                   equal
                   Justice
                   ,
                   in
                   regard
                   sufficient
                   time
                   was
                   allow'd
                   by
                   the
                   Law
                   ,
                   both
                   for
                   the
                   Parties
                   to
                   answer
                   each
                   other
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   the
                   Judges
                   to
                   consider
                   and
                   give
                   Judgment
                   upon
                   the
                   Allegations
                   of
                   both
                   sides
                   .
                
                 
                   And
                   since
                   now
                   we
                   are
                   come
                   to
                   mention
                   the
                   Laws
                   ,
                   we
                   conceive
                   it
                   will
                   not
                   be
                   
                   foreign
                   from
                   our
                   History
                   to
                   give
                   an
                   account
                   of
                   such
                   Laws
                   of
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   as
                   are
                   either
                   remarkable
                   for
                   their
                   Antiquity
                   ,
                   or
                   strange
                   and
                   different
                   from
                   all
                   other
                   ,
                   or
                   that
                   may
                   be
                   any
                   way
                   useful
                   and
                   profitable
                   to
                   the
                   studious
                   Readers
                   .
                
                 
                   1.
                   
                   And
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   ,
                   those
                   were
                   to
                   dye
                   who
                   were
                   guilty
                   of
                   Perjury
                   ,
                   being
                   such
                   as
                   committed
                   the
                   Two
                   greatest
                   Crimes
                   ;
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   Impiety
                   towards
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   Violation
                   of
                   Faith
                   and
                   Truth
                   ,
                   the
                   strongest
                   Band
                   of
                   Humane
                   Society
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   If
                   any
                   upon
                   the
                   Road
                   saw
                   a
                   Man
                   likely
                   to
                   be
                   kill'd
                   ,
                   or
                   to
                   be
                   violently
                   assaulted
                   ,
                   and
                   did
                   not
                   rescue
                   him
                   if
                   he
                   were
                   able
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   to
                   dye
                   for
                   it
                   .
                   And
                   if
                   in
                   truth
                   he
                   were
                   not
                   able
                   to
                   defend
                   him
                   ,
                   yet
                   he
                   was
                   bound
                   to
                   discover
                   the
                   Thieves
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   prosecute
                   them
                   in
                   a
                   due
                   Course
                   of
                   Law.
                   If
                   he
                   neglected
                   this
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Law
                   to
                   be
                   scourg'd
                   with
                   a
                   certain
                   number
                   of
                   Stripes
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   be
                   kept
                   without
                   Food
                   for
                   Three
                   Days
                   together
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   False
                   Accusers
                   were
                   to
                   suffer
                   the
                   same
                   Punishment
                   as
                   those
                   whom
                   they
                   falsly
                   accus'd
                   were
                   to
                   have
                   undergone
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   had
                   afterwards
                   been
                   convicted
                   of
                   the
                   Offence
                   .
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   All
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   were
                   injoyn'd
                   to
                   give
                   in
                   their
                   Names
                   in
                   Writing
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Governors
                   of
                   the
                   Provinces
                   ,
                   shewing
                   how
                   and
                   by
                   what
                   means
                   ,
                   they
                   got
                   their
                   Livelihood
                   .
                   He
                   that
                   gave
                   a
                   false
                   Account
                   in
                   such
                   case
                   ,
                   or
                   if
                   it
                   appear'd
                   he
                   liv'd
                   by
                   Robbery
                   ,
                   or
                   any
                   other
                   unjust
                   course
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   to
                   dye
                   ;
                   which
                   Law
                   it
                   's
                   said
                   Solon
                   brought
                   over
                   out
                   of
                   Egypt
                   into
                   Athens
                   .
                
                 
                   5.
                   
                   He
                   that
                   wilfully
                   kill'd
                   a
                   Freeman
                   ;
                   nay
                   ,
                   a
                   very
                   Bondslave
                   ,
                   was
                   by
                   the
                   Law
                   to
                   dye
                   ;
                   thereby
                   designing
                   to
                   restrain
                   Men
                   from
                   wicked
                   Actions
                   ,
                   as
                   having
                   no
                   respect
                   to
                   the
                   state
                   and
                   condition
                   of
                   the
                   Person
                   suffering
                   ,
                   but
                   to
                   the
                   advis'd
                   act
                   of
                   the
                   Offender
                   ;
                   and
                   by
                   this
                   care
                   of
                   Slaves
                   ,
                   Men
                   learnt
                   that
                   Freemen
                   were
                   much
                   less
                   to
                   be
                   destroy'd
                   .
                
                 
                   6.
                   
                   Parents
                   that
                   kill'd
                   their
                   Children
                   ,
                   were
                   not
                   to
                   dye
                   ,
                   but
                   were
                   forc'd
                   for
                   Three
                   Days
                   and
                   Nights
                   together
                   to
                   hug
                   them
                   continually
                   in
                   their
                   Arms
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   a
                   Guard
                   all
                   the
                   while
                   over
                   them
                   ,
                   to
                   see
                   they
                   did
                   it
                   ;
                   for
                   they
                   thought
                   it
                   not
                   fit
                   that
                   they
                   should
                   dye
                   ,
                   who
                   gave
                   Life
                   to
                   their
                   Children
                   ;
                   but
                   rather
                   that
                   Men
                   should
                   be
                   deterr'd
                   from
                   such
                   Attempts
                   by
                   a
                   Punishment
                   that
                   seem'd
                   attended
                   with
                   Sorrow
                   and
                   Repentance
                   .
                
                 
                   7.
                   
                   But
                   for
                   Patricides
                   ,
                   they
                   provided
                   a
                   most
                   severe
                   kind
                   of
                   Punishment
                   :
                   For
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   convicted
                   of
                   this
                   Offence
                   ,
                   were
                   laid
                   upon
                   Thorns
                   ,
                   and
                   burnt
                   alive
                   after
                   that
                   they
                   had
                   ,
                   first
                   mangl'd
                   the
                   Members
                   of
                   their
                   Bodies
                   with
                   sharp
                   Canes
                   ,
                   Piece-meal
                   about
                   the
                   bigness
                   of
                   a
                   Man's
                   Thumb
                   .
                   For
                   they
                   counted
                   it
                   
                   the
                   most
                   wicked
                   Act
                   that
                   Men
                   could
                   be
                   guilty
                   of
                   ,
                   to
                   take
                   away
                   the
                   Lives
                   of
                   them
                   from
                   whom
                   they
                   had
                   their
                   own
                   .
                
                 
                   8.
                   
                   Those
                   that
                   were
                   with
                   Child
                   ,
                   were
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   executed
                   till
                   they
                   were
                   delivered
                   ,
                   which
                   Law
                   was
                   receiv'd
                   by
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   Grecians
                   ,
                   judging
                   it
                   very
                   unjust
                   for
                   the
                   Innocent
                   to
                   suffer
                   with
                   the
                   Offender
                   ,
                   and
                   Two
                   to
                   dye
                   for
                   the
                   Offence
                   of
                   one
                   only
                   .
                   Besides
                   ,
                   in
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   the
                   Crime
                   was
                   maliciously
                   and
                   advisedly
                   committed
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   unreasonable
                   that
                   the
                   Child
                   that
                   understood
                   not
                   what
                   was
                   done
                   ,
                   should
                   undergo
                   the
                   same
                   Punishment
                   .
                   And
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   of
                   the
                   greatest
                   Consideration
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   was
                   altogether
                   unjust
                   (
                   being
                   the
                   Mother
                   was
                   only
                   accus'd
                   and
                   condemn'd
                   as
                   guilty
                   )
                   the
                   Child
                   (
                   Common
                   both
                   to
                   Father
                   and
                   Mother
                   )
                   should
                   lose
                   its
                   Life
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   Judge
                   is
                   as
                   unjust
                   that
                   destroys
                   the
                   Innocent
                   ,
                   as
                   he
                   that
                   spares
                   him
                   that
                   is
                   guilty
                   of
                   Murther
                   .
                
                 
                   9.
                   
                   These
                   are
                   the
                   Capital
                   Laws
                   which
                   are
                   chiefly
                   worthy
                   of
                   Praise
                   and
                   Commendation
                   ;
                   
                   as
                   to
                   others
                   ,
                   those
                   concerning
                   military
                   Affairs
                   ,
                   provided
                   that
                   Souldiers
                   who
                   ran
                   away
                   from
                   their
                   Colours
                   or
                   mutined
                   ,
                   though
                   they
                   should
                   not
                   dye
                   ,
                   yet
                   should
                   be
                   otherwise
                   punish'd
                   with
                   the
                   utmost
                   Disgrace
                   imaginable
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   they
                   after
                   wipe
                   off
                   their
                   Disgrace
                   by
                   their
                   Valour
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   restor'd
                   to
                   their
                   former
                   Post
                   and
                   Trust
                   .
                   By
                   this
                   inflicting
                   of
                   a
                   Punishment
                   more
                   grievous
                   than
                   Death
                   ,
                   the
                   Lawgiver
                   design'd
                   that
                   all
                   should
                   look
                   upon
                   Disgrace
                   and
                   Infamy
                   as
                   the
                   greatest
                   of
                   Evils
                   :
                   Besides
                   it
                   was
                   judg'd
                   ,
                   that
                   those
                   who
                   were
                   put
                   to
                   Death
                   ,
                   could
                   never
                   be
                   further
                   serviceable
                   to
                   the
                   Commonwealth
                   ;
                   but
                   such
                   as
                   were
                   degraded
                   only
                   (
                   through
                   a
                   desire
                   to
                   repair
                   their
                   Reputation
                   )
                   might
                   be
                   very
                   useful
                   ,
                   and
                   do
                   much
                   good
                   service
                   in
                   time
                   to
                   come
                   .
                
                 
                   10.
                   
                   Such
                   as
                   reveal'd
                   the
                   Secrets
                   of
                   the
                   Army
                   to
                   the
                   Enemy
                   ,
                   were
                   to
                   have
                   their
                   
                   Tongues
                   cut
                   out
                   .
                
                 
                   11.
                   
                   They
                   that
                   coyn'd
                   false
                   and
                   adulterated
                   Mony
                   ,
                   or
                   contriv'd
                   false
                   Weights
                   ,
                   or
                   Counterfeited
                   Seals
                   ;
                   and
                   Scriveners
                   or
                   Clerks
                   that
                   forg'd
                   Deeds
                   ,
                   or
                   raz'd
                   publick
                   Records
                   ,
                   or
                   produc'd
                   any
                   forg'd
                   Contracts
                   ,
                   were
                   to
                   have
                   both
                   their
                   Hands
                   cut
                   off
                   ,
                   that
                   every
                   one
                   might
                   suffer
                   in
                   that
                   part
                   wherewith
                   he
                   had
                   offended
                   in
                   such
                   a
                   manner
                   as
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   repaired
                   during
                   their
                   Life
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   others
                   warn'd
                   by
                   so
                   severe
                   a
                   Punishment
                   ,
                   might
                   be
                   deter'd
                   from
                   the
                   Commission
                   of
                   the
                   like
                   Offence
                   .
                
                 
                   12.
                   
                   In
                   Relation
                   to
                   Women
                   the
                   Laws
                   were
                   very
                   severe
                   :
                   For
                   he
                   that
                   committed
                   
                   a
                   Rape
                   upon
                   a
                   Free
                   Woman
                   ,
                   was
                   to
                   have
                   his
                   Privy
                   Members
                   cut
                   off
                   ;
                   for
                   they
                   judg'd
                   that
                   Three
                   most
                   hainous
                   Offences
                   were
                   included
                   in
                   that
                   one
                   vile
                   Act
                   ,
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   Wrong
                   ,
                   Defilement
                   and
                   Bastardy
                   .
                
                 
                   13.
                   
                   In
                   case
                   of
                   Adultery
                   ,
                   the
                   Man
                   was
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   Thousand
                   Lashes
                   with
                   Rods
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   the
                   Woman
                   her
                   Nose
                   cut
                   off
                   .
                   For
                   it
                   was
                   lookt
                   upon
                   very
                   sit
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Adulteress
                   that
                   trickt
                   up
                   her self
                   to
                   allure
                   Men
                   to
                   Wantonness
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   punish'd
                   in
                   that
                   part
                   where
                   her
                   Charms
                   chiefly
                   lay
                   .
                
                 
                   14.
                   
                   They
                   say
                   that
                   Bocchoris
                   made
                   the
                   Laws
                   concerning
                   Merchandize
                   .
                   As
                   to
                   these
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   a
                   Law
                   ,
                   That
                   if
                   a
                   Man
                   borrow'd
                   Mony
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   lender
                   had
                   no
                   Writing
                   to
                   shew
                   for
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   deny'd
                   it
                   upon
                   his
                   Oath
                   ,
                   he
                   should
                   be
                   quit
                   of
                   the
                   Debt
                   ;
                   to
                   that
                   end
                   therefore
                   in
                   the
                   First
                   Place
                   ,
                   they
                   were
                   to
                   sacrifice
                   to
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   as
                   Men
                   making
                   Conscience
                   ,
                   and
                   tender
                   and
                   Scrupulous
                   in
                   taking
                   of
                   an
                   Oath
                   .
                   For
                   it
                   being
                   clear
                   and
                   evident
                   that
                   he
                   that
                   swears
                   often
                   again
                   and
                   again
                   ,
                   at
                   last
                   loses
                   his
                   Credit
                   ,
                   every
                   Man
                   to
                   prevent
                   that
                   Mischief
                   ,
                   will
                   be
                   very
                   cautions
                   of
                   being
                   brought
                   to
                   an
                   Oath
                   .
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   the
                   Lawgiver
                   had
                   this
                   Design
                   ,
                   that
                   by
                   grounding
                   a
                   Man's
                   Credit
                   and
                   Reputation
                   wholly
                   upon
                   the
                   Integrity
                   of
                   his
                   Life
                   and
                   Conversation
                   ,
                   every
                   one
                   would
                   be
                   induc'd
                   to
                   honest
                   and
                   virtuous
                   Actions
                   ,
                   lest
                   he
                   should
                   be
                   despis'd
                   as
                   a
                   Man
                   of
                   no
                   Credit
                   or
                   Worth.
                   Besides
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   judg'd
                   a
                   most
                   unjust
                   thing
                   not
                   to
                   believe
                   him
                   upon
                   his
                   Oath
                   in
                   that
                   matter
                   relating
                   to
                   his
                   Contract
                   ,
                   to
                   whom
                   Credit
                   was
                   given
                   in
                   the
                   self
                   same
                   thing
                   without
                   an
                   Oath
                   before
                   .
                
                 
                   15.
                   
                   For
                   those
                   that
                   lent
                   Mony
                   by
                   Contract
                   in
                   Writing
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   not
                   lawful
                   to
                   
                   take
                   Usury
                   above
                   what
                   would
                   double
                   the
                   Stock
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   Payment
                   should
                   be
                   made
                   only
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Debtors
                   Goods
                   ;
                   but
                   his
                   Body
                   was
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   liable
                   in
                   any
                   wise
                   to
                   Imprisonment
                   :
                   And
                   those
                   were
                   counted
                   the
                   Debtors
                   Goods
                   ,
                   which
                   he
                   had
                   either
                   earn'd
                   by
                   his
                   Labour
                   ,
                   or
                   had
                   been
                   bestow'd
                   upon
                   him
                   by
                   the
                   just
                   Proprietors
                   .
                   But
                   as
                   for
                   their
                   Bodies
                   ,
                   they
                   belong'd
                   to
                   the
                   Cities
                   where
                   they
                   inhabited
                   ,
                   who
                   had
                   an
                   Interest
                   in
                   them
                   for
                   the
                   publick
                   Services
                   ,
                   both
                   in
                   Times
                   of
                   Peace
                   and
                   War
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   it
                   was
                   an
                   absurd
                   thing
                   for
                   him
                   who
                   was
                   to
                   venture
                   his
                   Life
                   for
                   
                   his
                   Country
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   carried
                   to
                   Goal
                   for
                   a
                   Debt
                   by
                   his
                   Creditor
                   (
                   if
                   it
                   should
                   so
                   happen
                   )
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   publick
                   safety
                   should
                   be
                   hazarded
                   to
                   gratify
                   the
                   Covetousness
                   of
                   some
                   Private
                   Men.
                   This
                   Law
                   seems
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   established
                   in
                   Athens
                   by
                   Solon
                   ,
                   which
                   he
                   call'd
                   †
                   Sisachthy
                   ,
                   freeing
                   all
                   the
                   Citizens
                   from
                   being
                   imprison'd
                   by
                   their
                   Creditors
                   for
                   debt
                   .
                   And
                   some
                   do
                   justly
                   blame
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   Law-makers
                   of
                   Greece
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   forbad
                   Arms
                   ,
                   Plows
                   and
                   other
                   things
                   absolutely
                   necessary
                   for
                   Labours
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   taken
                   as
                   Pawns
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   permitted
                   them
                   that
                   should
                   use
                   them
                   to
                   be
                   imprison'd
                   .
                
                 
                   16.
                   
                   There
                   's
                   a
                   very
                   remarkable
                   Law
                   among
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   concerning
                   Theft
                   .
                   
                   Those
                   that
                   enter
                   into
                   the
                   List
                   of
                   Thieves
                   ,
                   are
                   to
                   give
                   in
                   their
                   Names
                   to
                   one
                   that
                   is
                   their
                   Chief
                   and
                   Head
                   ,
                   and
                   whatever
                   they
                   steal
                   ,
                   they
                   ingage
                   to
                   bring
                   to
                   him
                   .
                   They
                   that
                   have
                   lost
                   any
                   thing
                   ,
                   are
                   to
                   set
                   down
                   in
                   writing
                   every
                   particular
                   ,
                   and
                   bring
                   it
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   set
                   forth
                   the
                   Day
                   ,
                   and
                   Hour
                   and
                   Place
                   ,
                   when
                   and
                   where
                   they
                   lost
                   their
                   Goods
                   .
                   Every
                   thing
                   being
                   thus
                   readily
                   found
                   out
                   ,
                   after
                   the
                   things
                   stolen
                   are
                   valu'd
                   ,
                   the
                   true
                   Owner
                   is
                   to
                   pay
                   a
                   Fourth
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   value
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   receives
                   his
                   Goods
                   again
                   .
                   For
                   being
                   it
                   was
                   not
                   possible
                   to
                   restrain
                   all
                   from
                   Thieving
                   ,
                   the
                   Law-maker
                   found
                   out
                   a
                   way
                   that
                   all
                   might
                   be
                   restor'd
                   ,
                   except
                   a
                   small
                   Proportion
                   for
                   Redemption
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Egyptian
                   Priests
                   only
                   Marry
                   one
                   Wife
                   ,
                   but
                   all
                   others
                   may
                   have
                   as
                   many
                   
                   Wives
                   as
                   they
                   please
                   ;
                   and
                   all
                   are
                   bound
                   to
                   bring
                   up
                   as
                   many
                   Children
                   as
                   they
                   can
                   for
                   the
                   further
                   increase
                   of
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   ,
                   which
                   tends
                   much
                   to
                   the
                   Well-being
                   either
                   of
                   a
                   City
                   or
                   Country
                   .
                   None
                   of
                   the
                   Sons
                   are
                   ever
                   reputed
                   Bastards
                   ,
                   though
                   they
                   be
                   begotten
                   of
                   a
                   Bond-Maid
                   ,
                   for
                   they
                   conceive
                   that
                   the
                   Father
                   only
                   begets
                   the
                   Child
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Mother
                   contributes
                   nothing
                   but
                   Place
                   and
                   Nourishment
                   .
                   And
                   they
                   call
                   Trees
                   that
                   bear
                   Fruit
                   Males
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   that
                   bear
                   none
                   Females
                   ,
                   contrary
                   to
                   what
                   the
                   Grecians
                   name
                   them
                   .
                   They
                   bring
                   up
                   their
                   Children
                   with
                   very
                   little
                   Cost
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   sparing
                   upon
                   that
                   account
                   to
                   admiration
                   .
                   For
                   they
                   provide
                   for
                   them
                   Broth
                   made
                   of
                   any
                   mean
                   and
                   poor
                   Stuff
                   that
                   may
                   easily
                   be
                   had
                   ;
                   and
                   feed
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   of
                   strength
                   able
                   to
                   eat
                   it
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   Pith
                   of
                   *
                   Bulrushes
                   rosted
                   in
                   the
                   Embers
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   Roots
                   and
                   Herbs
                   got
                   in
                   the
                   Fenns
                   ;
                   sometimes
                   raw
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   boyl'd
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   other
                   times
                   fry'd
                   and
                   boyl'd
                   .
                   Most
                   of
                   their
                   Children
                   go
                   bare-footed
                   and
                   naked
                   ,
                   the
                   Climate
                   is
                   so
                   warm
                   and
                   temperate
                   .
                   It
                   costs
                   not
                   the
                   Parent
                   to
                   bring
                   up
                   a
                   Child
                   to
                   Man's
                   Estate
                   ,
                   above
                   Twenty
                   †
                   Drachma's
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   chief
                   Reason
                   why
                   Egypt
                   is
                   so
                   Populous
                   ,
                   and
                   excels
                   all
                   other
                   Places
                   in
                   magnificent
                   Structures
                   .
                   The
                   Priests
                   instruct
                   the
                   Youth
                   in
                   Two
                   sorts
                   of
                   Learning
                   ;
                   that
                   which
                   they
                   call
                   Sacred
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   which
                   is
                   more
                   common
                   and
                   Ordinary
                   .
                   In
                   Arithmetick
                   and
                   Geometry
                   they
                   keep
                   them
                   a
                   long
                   time
                   :
                   For
                   in
                   regard
                   the
                   River
                   every
                   Year
                   changes
                   the
                   Face
                   of
                   the
                   Soyl
                   ,
                   the
                   Neighbouring
                   Inhabitants
                   are
                   at
                   great
                   difference
                   among
                   themselves
                   concerning
                   the
                   Boundaries
                   of
                   their
                   Land
                   ,
                   which
                   cannot
                   be
                   easily
                   known
                   but
                   by
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   Geometry
                   .
                   And
                   as
                   for
                   Arithmetick
                   ,
                   as
                   it
                   's
                   useful
                   upon
                   other
                   occasions
                   ,
                   so
                   it
                   s
                   very
                   helpful
                   to
                   the
                   Study
                   of
                   Geometry
                   ,
                   and
                   no
                   small
                   advantage
                   to
                   the
                   Students
                   of
                   Astrology
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   (
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   some
                   others
                   )
                   are
                   diligent
                   Observers
                   of
                   the
                   Course
                   and
                   Motions
                   of
                   the
                   Stars
                   ,
                   and
                   preserve
                   Remarks
                   of
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   for
                   an
                   incredible
                   number
                   of
                   Years
                   ,
                   being
                   us'd
                   to
                   this
                   Study
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   endeavour
                   to
                   outvy
                   one
                   another
                   therein
                   from
                   the
                   most
                   antient
                   Times
                   .
                   They
                   have
                   with
                   great
                   Cost
                   and
                   Care
                   observ'd
                   the
                   Motions
                   of
                   the
                   Planets
                   ;
                   their
                   *
                   Periodical
                   Motions
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   †
                   stated
                   Stops
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Influences
                   of
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Nativity
                   of
                   Living
                   Creatures
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   good
                   or
                   ill
                   they
                   foreshew
                   ;
                   and
                   very
                   often
                   they
                   so
                   clearly
                   discover
                   what
                   is
                   to
                   come
                   in
                   the
                   Course
                   of
                   Mens
                   Lives
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   they
                   pointed
                   at
                   the
                   thing
                   with
                   the
                   point
                   of
                   a
                   Needle
                   .
                   They
                   frequently
                   presage
                   both
                   Famine
                   and
                   Plenty
                   ;
                   grievous
                   Diseases
                   likely
                   to
                   seize
                   both
                   upon
                   Man
                   and
                   Beast
                   ;
                   Earthquakes
                   ,
                   Inundations
                   and
                   Comets
                   ;
                   and
                   through
                   long
                   Experience
                   they
                   come
                   to
                   the
                   fore-knowledge
                   of
                   such
                   things
                   as
                   are
                   commonly
                   judg'd
                   impossible
                   for
                   the
                   Wit
                   of
                   Man
                   to
                   attain
                   unto
                   .
                   They
                   affirm
                   that
                   the
                   Chaldeans
                   in
                   Babylon
                   are
                   Egyptian
                   Colonies
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   their
                   Astrologers
                   have
                   attain'd
                   to
                   that
                   degree
                   of
                   Reputation
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Knowledge
                   they
                   have
                   learnt
                   of
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Priests
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   common
                   People
                   of
                   Egypt
                   (
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   before
                   declar'd
                   )
                   are
                   
                   train'd
                   up
                   from
                   their
                   very
                   Childhood
                   either
                   by
                   their
                   Parents
                   or
                   Kindred
                   in
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Arts
                   and
                   Trades
                   whereby
                   to
                   get
                   their
                   Livelyhood
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   They
                   teach
                   but
                   a
                   very
                   few
                   to
                   write
                   and
                   read
                   ;
                   but
                   Tradesmen
                   especially
                   learn
                   both
                   .
                   It
                   's
                   not
                   the
                   Custom
                   there
                   to
                   learn
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   Wrestling
                   or
                   Musick
                   ;
                   for
                   they
                   think
                   that
                   by
                   the
                   Exercise
                   of
                   daily
                   Wrestling
                   ,
                   the
                   Youth
                   improve
                   in
                   their
                   Strength
                   but
                   for
                   a
                   little
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   with
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   Hazard
                   ,
                   but
                   gain
                   no
                   Advantage
                   at
                   all
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Health
                   of
                   their
                   Bodies
                   .
                   And
                   as
                   for
                   Musick
                   ,
                   they
                   look
                   upon
                   it
                   not
                   only
                   unprofitable
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   it
                   also
                   makes
                   Men
                   soft
                   and
                   effeminate
                   .
                
                 
                   To
                   prevent
                   Diseases
                   they
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   Clysters
                   and
                   purging
                   Potions
                   ,
                   Abstinence
                   
                   and
                   Vomits
                   ,
                   and
                   this
                   they
                   repeat
                   sometimes
                   for
                   several
                   days
                   together
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   times
                   every
                   third
                   or
                   fourth
                   day
                   .
                   For
                   in
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Food
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   the
                   greatest
                   Part
                   of
                   it
                   is
                   superfluous
                   ,
                   which
                   breeds
                   Diseases
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   the
                   aforesaid
                   Method
                   whereby
                   the
                   Root
                   of
                   the
                   Disease
                   is
                   pluckt
                   up
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   is
                   a
                   mighty
                   Help
                   both
                   to
                   the
                   Preservation
                   and
                   Recovery
                   of
                   Health
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   Physicians
                   have
                   a
                   publick
                   Stipend
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   〈◊〉
                   of
                   Receipts
                   prescrib'd
                   by
                   the
                   Law
                   ,
                   made
                   up
                   by
                   the
                   Ancient
                   Physicians
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   they
                   cannot
                   cure
                   the
                   Patient
                   by
                   them
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   never
                   blam'd
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   they
                   use
                   other
                   Medicines
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   to
                   suffer
                   Death
                   ,
                   in
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   the
                   Law-maker
                   appointed
                   such
                   Receipts
                   for
                   Cure
                   ,
                   as
                   were
                   approved
                   by
                   the
                   most
                   learned
                   Doctors
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   by
                   long
                   Experience
                   had
                   been
                   found
                   effectual
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Adoration
                   and
                   Worshipping
                   of
                   Beasts
                   among
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   seems
                   justly
                   to
                   
                   many
                   a
                   most
                   strange
                   and
                   unaccountable
                   thing
                   ,
                   and
                   worthy
                   Enquiry
                   ;
                   for
                   they
                   worship
                   some
                   Creatures
                   even
                   above
                   measure
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   dead
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   living
                   ;
                   as
                   Cats
                   ,
                   *
                   Ichneumons
                   ,
                   Dogs
                   ,
                   Kites
                   ,
                   the
                   Bird
                   †
                   Ibis
                   ,
                   Wolves
                   and
                   Crocodiles
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   other
                   such
                   like
                   .
                   The
                   Cause
                   of
                   which
                   I
                   shall
                   endeavour
                   to
                   give
                   ,
                   having
                   first
                   premis'd
                   something
                   briefly
                   concerning
                   them
                   .
                   And
                   first
                   of
                   all
                   ,
                   they
                   dedicate
                   a
                   piece
                   of
                   Land
                   to
                   every
                   kind
                   of
                   Creature
                   they
                   adore
                   ,
                   assigning
                   the
                   Profits
                   for
                   feeding
                   and
                   taking
                   care
                   of
                   them
                   .
                   To
                   some
                   of
                   these
                   Deities
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   give
                   Thanks
                   for
                   recovering
                   their
                   Children
                   from
                   Sickness
                   ,
                   as
                   by
                   shaving
                   their
                   Heads
                   ,
                   and
                   weighing
                   the
                   Hair
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   like
                   Weight
                   of
                   Gold
                   or
                   Silver
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   giving
                   that
                   Mony
                   to
                   them
                   that
                   have
                   the
                   Care
                   of
                   the
                   Beasts
                   .
                   To
                   the
                   Kites
                   ,
                   while
                   they
                   are
                   flying
                   they
                   cry
                   out
                   with
                   a
                   loud
                   Voice
                   ,
                   and
                   throw
                   pieces
                   of
                   Flesh
                   for
                   them
                   upon
                   the
                   Ground
                   till
                   such
                   time
                   as
                   they
                   take
                   it
                   .
                   To
                   the
                   Cats
                   and
                   Ichneumons
                   they
                   give
                   Bread
                   soakt
                   in
                   Milk
                   ,
                   stroaking
                   and
                   making
                   much
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   or
                   feed
                   them
                   with
                   pieces
                   of
                   Fish
                   taken
                   in
                   the
                   River
                   Nile
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   they
                   provide
                   for
                   the
                   other
                   Beasts
                   Food
                   according
                   to
                   their
                   several
                   kinds
                   .
                   They
                   are
                   so
                   far
                   from
                   not
                   paying
                   this
                   .
                   Homage
                   to
                   their
                   Creatures
                   ,
                   or
                   being
                   asham'd
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   they
                   glory
                   in
                   them
                   ,
                   as
                   in
                   the
                   highest
                   Adoration
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   carry
                   about
                   special
                   Marks
                   and
                   Ensigns
                   of
                   Honour
                   for
                   them
                   through
                   City
                   and
                   Country
                   ;
                   upon
                   which
                   Account
                   those
                   that
                   have
                   the
                   Care
                   of
                   the
                   Beasts
                   (
                   being
                   seen
                   after
                   off
                   )
                   are
                   honour'd
                   and
                   worshipp'd
                   by
                   all
                   by
                   falling
                   down
                   upon
                   their
                   Knees
                   .
                   When
                   any
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   dye
                   they
                   wrap
                   it
                   in
                   fine
                   Linnen
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   Howling
                   beat
                   upon
                   their
                   Breasts
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   carry
                   it
                   forth
                   to
                   be
                   salted
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   after
                   they
                   have
                   anointed
                   it
                   with
                   the
                   Oyl
                   of
                   Cedar
                   and
                   other
                   things
                   ,
                   which
                   both
                   give
                   the
                   Body
                   a
                   fragrant
                   Smell
                   and
                   preserve
                   it
                   a
                   long
                   time
                   from
                   Putrefaction
                   ,
                   they
                   bury
                   it
                   in
                   a
                   secret
                   place
                   .
                   He
                   that
                   wilfully
                   kills
                   any
                   of
                   these
                   Beasts
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   suffer
                   Death
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   any
                   kill
                   a
                   Cat
                   or
                   the
                   Bird
                   Ibis
                   ,
                   whether
                   wilfully
                   or
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   he
                   's
                   certainly
                   drag'd
                   away
                   to
                   Death
                   by
                   the
                   Multitude
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   most
                   cruelly
                   without
                   any
                   formal
                   Tryal
                   or
                   Judgment
                   of
                   Law.
                   For
                   fear
                   of
                   this
                   ,
                   if
                   any
                   by
                   chance
                   find
                   any
                   of
                   these
                   Creatures
                   dead
                   ,
                   they
                   stand
                   aloof
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   lamentable
                   Cries
                   and
                   Protestations
                   tell
                   every
                   body
                   that
                   they
                   found
                   it
                   dead
                   .
                   And
                   such
                   is
                   the
                   *
                   religious
                   Veneration
                   imprest
                   upon
                   the
                   Hearts
                   of
                   Men
                   towards
                   these
                   Creatures
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   obstinately
                   is
                   every
                   one
                   bent
                   to
                   adore
                   and
                   worship
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   even
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   when
                   the
                   Romans
                   were
                   about
                   making
                   a
                   League
                   with
                   Ptolomy
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   the
                   People
                   made
                   it
                   their
                   great
                   Business
                   to
                   caress
                   and
                   shew
                   all
                   Civility
                   and
                   Kindness
                   imaginable
                   to
                   them
                   that
                   came
                   out
                   of
                   Italy
                   ,
                   and
                   through
                   Fear
                   strove
                   all
                   they
                   could
                   that
                   no
                   Occasion
                   might
                   in
                   the
                   least
                   be
                   given
                   to
                   disoblige
                   them
                   or
                   be
                   the
                   Cause
                   of
                   a
                   War
                   ,
                   yet
                   it
                   so
                   happ'ned
                   that
                   upon
                   a
                   Cat
                   being
                   kill'd
                   by
                   a
                   Roman
                   ,
                   the
                   People
                   in
                   a
                   Tumult
                   ran
                   to
                   his
                   Lodging
                   ,
                   and
                   neither
                   the
                   Princes
                   sent
                   by
                   the
                   King
                   to
                   dissuade
                   them
                   ,
                   nor
                   the
                   Fear
                   of
                   the
                   Romans
                   could
                   deliver
                   the
                   Person
                   from
                   the
                   Rage
                   of
                   the
                   People
                   ,
                   tho'
                   he
                   did
                   it
                   against
                   his
                   Will
                   ;
                   and
                   this
                   I
                   relate
                   not
                   by
                   Hear-say
                   ,
                   but
                   was
                   my self
                   an
                   Eye-witness
                   of
                   it
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   my
                   Travels
                   into
                   Egypt
                   .
                   If
                   these
                   things
                   seem
                   incredible
                   and
                   like
                   to
                   Fables
                   ,
                   those
                   that
                   we
                   shall
                   hereafter
                   relate
                   will
                   look
                   more
                   strange
                   .
                   For
                   it
                   's
                   reported
                   ,
                   that
                   at
                   a
                   time
                   when
                   
                   there
                   was
                   a
                   Famine
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   many
                   were
                   driven
                   to
                   that
                   strait
                   ,
                   that
                   by
                   turns
                   they
                   fed
                   one
                   upon
                   another
                   ;
                   but
                   not
                   a
                   Man
                   was
                   accused
                   to
                   have
                   in
                   the
                   least
                   tasted
                   of
                   any
                   of
                   these
                   sacred
                   Creatures
                   .
                   Nay
                   ,
                   if
                   a
                   Dog
                   be
                   found
                   dead
                   in
                   a
                   House
                   ,
                   the
                   whole
                   Family
                   shave
                   their
                   Bodies
                   all
                   over
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   great
                   Lamentation
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   most
                   wonderful
                   ,
                   is
                   ,
                   That
                   if
                   any
                   Wine
                   ,
                   Bread
                   or
                   any
                   other
                   Victuals
                   be
                   in
                   the
                   House
                   where
                   any
                   of
                   these
                   Creatures
                   die
                   ,
                   it
                   's
                   a
                   part
                   of
                   their
                   Superstition
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   any
                   of
                   them
                   for
                   any
                   purpose
                   whatsoever
                   .
                   And
                   when
                   they
                   have
                   been
                   abroad
                   in
                   the
                   Wars
                   in
                   foreign
                   Countries
                   ,
                   they
                   have
                   with
                   great
                   Lamentation
                   brought
                   with
                   them
                   dead
                   Cats
                   and
                   Kites
                   into
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   when
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   they
                   have
                   been
                   ready
                   to
                   starve
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   Provision
                   .
                   Moreover
                   what
                   Acts
                   of
                   Religious
                   Worship
                   they
                   perform'd
                   towards
                   Apis
                   in
                   Memphis
                   ,
                   †
                   Mnevis
                   in
                   Heliopolis
                   ,
                   the
                   Goat
                   in
                   Mendes
                   ,
                   the
                   Crocodile
                   in
                   the
                   Lake
                   of
                   Myris
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Lyon
                   kept
                   in
                   *
                   Leontopolis
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   other
                   such
                   like
                   ,
                   is
                   easie
                   to
                   describe
                   ,
                   but
                   very
                   difficult
                   to
                   believe
                   ,
                   except
                   a
                   Man
                   saw
                   it
                   .
                   For
                   these
                   Creatures
                   are
                   kept
                   and
                   fed
                   in
                   consecrated
                   Ground
                   inclos'd
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   great
                   Men
                   provide
                   Food
                   for
                   them
                   at
                   great
                   Cost
                   and
                   Charge
                   ;
                   for
                   they
                   constantly
                   give
                   them
                   fine
                   Wheat-Flower
                   ,
                   Frumenty
                   ,
                   Sweet-meats
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   made
                   up
                   with
                   Honey
                   ,
                   and
                   Geese
                   sometimes
                   rosted
                   ,
                   and
                   sometimes
                   boyl'd
                   ;
                   and
                   for
                   such
                   as
                   fed
                   upon
                   raw
                   Flesh
                   ,
                   they
                   provide
                   Birds
                   .
                   To
                   say
                   no
                   more
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   excessive
                   in
                   their
                   Costs
                   and
                   Charges
                   in
                   feeding
                   of
                   these
                   Creatures
                   ;
                   and
                   forbear
                   not
                   to
                   wash
                   them
                   in
                   hot
                   Baths
                   ,
                   to
                   anoint
                   them
                   with
                   the
                   most
                   precious
                   Unguents
                   ,
                   and
                   perfume
                   them
                   with
                   the
                   sweetest
                   Odours
                   .
                   They
                   provide
                   likewise
                   for
                   them
                   most
                   rich
                   Beds
                   to
                   lye
                   upon
                   ,
                   with
                   decent
                   Furniture
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   extraordinary
                   careful
                   about
                   their
                   generating
                   and
                   coition
                   one
                   with
                   another
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Law
                   of
                   Nature
                   .
                   They
                   breed
                   up
                   for
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Males
                   (
                   according
                   to
                   their
                   Kinds
                   )
                   the
                   most
                   beautiful
                   She-mate
                   ,
                   and
                   call
                   them
                   their
                   Concubines
                   or
                   Sweet-hearts
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   at
                   great
                   Costs
                   and
                   Charges
                   in
                   looking
                   to
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   any
                   of
                   them
                   dye
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   as
                   much
                   concern'd
                   as
                   at
                   the
                   Deaths
                   of
                   their
                   
                   own
                   Children
                   ,
                   and
                   lay
                   out
                   in
                   Burying
                   of
                   them
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   all
                   their
                   Goods
                   are
                   worth
                   ,
                   and
                   far
                   more
                   .
                   For
                   when
                   Apis
                   through
                   Old
                   Age
                   dy'd
                   at
                   Memphis
                   after
                   the
                   Death
                   of
                   Alexander
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   Reign
                   of
                   
                     Ptolomy
                     Lagus
                  
                   ,
                   his
                   Keeper
                   not
                   only
                   spent
                   all
                   that
                   vast
                   Provision
                   he
                   had
                   made
                   ,
                   in
                   burying
                   of
                   him
                   ,
                   but
                   borrow'd
                   of
                   Ptolomy
                   Fifty
                   Talents
                   of
                   Silver
                   for
                   the
                   same
                   purpose
                   .
                   And
                   in
                   our
                   time
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Keepers
                   of
                   these
                   Creatures
                   have
                   lavisht
                   away
                   no
                   less
                   than
                   a
                   Hundred
                   Talents
                   in
                   the
                   maintaining
                   of
                   them
                   .
                   To
                   this
                   may
                   be
                   further
                   added
                   ,
                   what
                   is
                   in
                   use
                   among
                   them
                   concerning
                   the
                   sacred
                   Ox
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   call
                   Apis.
                   After
                   the
                   splendid
                   Funeral
                   of
                   Apis
                   is
                   over
                   ,
                   those
                   Priests
                   that
                   have
                   the
                   Charge
                   of
                   the
                   Business
                   ,
                   seek
                   out
                   another
                   Calf
                   ,
                   as
                   like
                   the
                   former
                   as
                   possibly
                   they
                   can
                   find
                   ;
                   and
                   when
                   they
                   have
                   found
                   one
                   ,
                   an
                   end
                   is
                   put
                   to
                   all
                   further
                   Mourning
                   and
                   Lamentation
                   ;
                   and
                   such
                   Priests
                   as
                   are
                   appointed
                   for
                   that
                   purpose
                   ,
                   lead
                   the
                   young
                   *
                   Ox
                   through
                   
                   the
                   City
                   of
                   Nile
                   ,
                   and
                   feed
                   him
                   Forty
                   Days
                   .
                   Then
                   they
                   put
                   him
                   into
                   a
                   Barge
                   ,
                   wherein
                   is
                   a
                   Colden
                   Cabbin
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   transport
                   him
                   as
                   a
                   God
                   to
                   Memphis
                   ,
                   and
                   place
                   him
                   in
                   
                   Vulcan's
                   Grove
                   .
                   During
                   the
                   Forty
                   Days
                   before
                   mention'd
                   ,
                   none
                   but
                   Women
                   are
                   admitted
                   to
                   see
                   him
                   ,
                   who
                   being
                   plac'd
                   full
                   in
                   his
                   view
                   ,
                   pluck
                   up
                   their
                   Coats
                   ,
                   and
                   shew
                   their
                   Privy
                   Parts
                   :
                   After
                   they
                   are
                   forbad
                   to
                   come
                   into
                   the
                   Sight
                   of
                   this
                   New
                   God.
                   For
                   the
                   Adoration
                   of
                   this
                   Ox
                   ,
                   they
                   give
                   this
                   Reason
                   .
                   They
                   say
                   that
                   the
                   Soul
                   of
                   Osiris
                   pass'd
                   into
                   an
                   Ox
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   whenever
                   the
                   Ox
                   is
                   Dedicated
                   ,
                   to
                   this
                   very
                   Day
                   the
                   Spirit
                   of
                   Osiris
                   is
                   infus'd
                   into
                   one
                   Ox
                   after
                   another
                   to
                   Posterity
                   .
                   But
                   some
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Members
                   of
                   Osiris
                   (
                   who
                   was
                   kill'd
                   by
                   Typhon
                   )
                   were
                   thrown
                   by
                   Isis
                   into
                   an
                   Ox
                   made
                   of
                   Wood
                   ,
                   cover'd
                   with
                   
                   Ox-Hides
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   thence
                   the
                   City
                   Busiris
                   was
                   so
                   call'd
                   .
                   Many
                   other
                   things
                   they
                   fabulously
                   report
                   of
                   Apis
                   ,
                   which
                   would
                   be
                   too
                   tedious
                   particularly
                   to
                   relate
                   .
                   But
                   in
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   all
                   that
                   relate
                   to
                   this
                   Adoration
                   of
                   Beasts
                   are
                   wonderful
                   and
                   indeed
                   incredible
                   ,
                   it
                   s
                   very
                   difficult
                   to
                   find
                   out
                   the
                   true
                   Causes
                   and
                   Grounds
                   of
                   this
                   Superstition
                   .
                   We
                   have
                   before
                   related
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Priests
                   have
                   a
                   private
                   and
                   secret
                   account
                   of
                   these
                   things
                   in
                   the
                   History
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   Common
                   People
                   give
                   these
                   Three
                   Reasons
                   for
                   what
                   they
                   do
                   .
                   The
                   First
                   of
                   which
                   is
                   altogether
                   Fabulous
                   ,
                   and
                   agrees
                   with
                   the
                   old
                   Dotage
                   :
                   For
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   First
                   Gods
                   were
                   so
                   very
                   few
                   ,
                   and
                   Men
                   so
                   many
                   above
                   them
                   in
                   number
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   wicked
                   and
                   
                   impious
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   were
                   too
                   weak
                   for
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   transform'd
                   themselves
                   into
                   Beasts
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   avoided
                   their
                   Assaults
                   and
                   Cruelty
                   .
                   But
                   afterwards
                   they
                   say
                   that
                   the
                   Kings
                   and
                   Princes
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   (
                   in
                   gratitude
                   to
                   them
                   that
                   were
                   the
                   first
                   Authors
                   of
                   their
                   well-being
                   )
                   directed
                   how
                   carefully
                   those
                   Creatures
                   
                   whose
                   Shapes
                   they
                   had
                   assum'd
                   )
                   should
                   be
                   fed
                   while
                   they
                   were
                   alive
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   they
                   were
                   to
                   be
                   Buried
                   when
                   they
                   were
                   dead
                   .
                   Another
                   Reason
                   they
                   give
                   is
                   this
                   :
                   The
                   antient
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   being
                   often
                   defeated
                   by
                   the
                   Neighbouring
                   Nations
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   disorder
                   and
                   confusion
                   that
                   was
                   among
                   them
                   in
                   drawing
                   up
                   of
                   their
                   Battalions
                   ,
                   found
                   out
                   at
                   last
                   the
                   way
                   of
                   Carrying
                   Standards
                   or
                   Ensigns
                   before
                   their
                   Several
                   Regiments
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   they
                   painted
                   the
                   Images
                   of
                   these
                   Beasts
                   ,
                   which
                   now
                   they
                   adore
                   ,
                   and
                   fixt
                   'em
                   at
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   a
                   Spear
                   ,
                   which
                   the
                   Officers
                   carry'd
                   before
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   this
                   means
                   every
                   Man
                   perfectly
                   knew
                   the
                   Regiment
                   he
                   belong'd
                   unto
                   ;
                   and
                   being
                   that
                   by
                   the
                   Observation
                   of
                   this
                   good
                   Order
                   and
                   Discipline
                   ,
                   they
                   were
                   often
                   Victorious
                   ,
                   they
                   afcrib'd
                   their
                   Deliverance
                   to
                   these
                   Creatures
                   ;
                   and
                   to
                   make
                   to
                   them
                   a
                   grateful
                   Return
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   ordain'd
                   for
                   a
                   Law
                   ,
                   that
                   none
                   of
                   these
                   Creatures
                   ,
                   whose
                   Representations
                   were
                   formerly
                   thus
                   carry'd
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   kill'd
                   ,
                   but
                   religiously
                   and
                   carefully
                   ador'd
                   ,
                   as
                   is
                   before
                   related
                   .
                   The
                   Third
                   Reason
                   alledg'd
                   by
                   them
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   Profit
                   and
                   Advantage
                   these
                   Creatures
                   bring
                   to
                   the
                   common
                   support
                   and
                   maintenance
                   of
                   Humane
                   Life
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   Cow
                   is
                   both
                   serviceable
                   to
                   the
                   Plow
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   breeding
                   others
                   for
                   the
                   same
                   use
                   .
                   The
                   Sheep
                   yeans
                   twice
                   a
                   Year
                   ,
                   and
                   yields
                   Wool
                   for
                   Cloathing
                   and
                   Ornament
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   her
                   Milk
                   and
                   Cream
                   are
                   made
                   large
                   and
                   pleasant
                   Cheefes
                   .
                   The
                   Dog
                   is
                   useful
                   both
                   for
                   the
                   Guard
                   of
                   the
                   House
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   pleasure
                   of
                   Hunting
                   in
                   the
                   Field
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   their
                   God
                   whom
                   they
                   call
                   Anubis
                   ,
                   they
                   represent
                   with
                   a
                   
                   Dog's
                   Head
                   ,
                   signifying
                   thereby
                   that
                   a
                   Dog
                   was
                   the
                   Guard
                   both
                   to
                   Osiris
                   and
                   Isis
                   .
                   Others
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   they
                   sought
                   for
                   Osiris
                   ,
                   Dogs
                   guided
                   Isis
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   their
                   barking
                   and
                   yelling
                   (
                   as
                   kind
                   and
                   faithful
                   Associates
                   with
                   the
                   Inquisitors
                   )
                   drove
                   away
                   the
                   wild
                   Beasts
                   ,
                   and
                   diverted
                   others
                   that
                   were
                   in
                   their
                   way
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   in
                   celebrating
                   the
                   Feast
                   of
                   
                     Isis
                     ,
                     Dogs
                  
                   lead
                   the
                   way
                   in
                   the
                   Procession
                   .
                   Those
                   that
                   first
                   instituted
                   this
                   Custom
                   ,
                   signifying
                   thereby
                   the
                   ancient
                   kindness
                   and
                   good
                   Service
                   of
                   this
                   Creature
                   .
                   The
                   Cat
                   likewise
                   is
                   very
                   serviceable
                   against
                   the
                   Venemous
                   Stings
                   of
                   Serpents
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   deadly
                   Bite
                   of
                   the
                   Asp
                   .
                   The
                   Ichneumenon
                   secretly
                   watches
                   where
                   the
                   Crocodile
                   lays
                   her
                   Eggs
                   ,
                   and
                   breaks
                   them
                   in
                   pieces
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   he
                   does
                   with
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   eagerness
                   ,
                   by
                   natural
                   instinct
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   necessity
                   for
                   his
                   own
                   support
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   this
                   Creature
                   were
                   not
                   thus
                   serviceable
                   ,
                   Crocodiles
                   would
                   abound
                   to
                   that
                   degree
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   were
                   no
                   Sailing
                   in
                   Nile
                   :
                   Yea
                   ,
                   the
                   Crocodiles
                   themselves
                   are
                   destroy'd
                   by
                   this
                   Creature
                   in
                   a
                   wonderful
                   and
                   incredible
                   manner
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   Ichneumenon
                   rouls
                   himself
                   in
                   the
                   Mud
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   observing
                   the
                   Crocodile
                   sleeping
                   upon
                   the
                   Bank
                   of
                   the
                   River
                   with
                   his
                   Mouth
                   wide
                   open
                   ,
                   suddenly
                   whips
                   down
                   through
                   his
                   Throat
                   into
                   his
                   very
                   Bowels
                   ,
                   and
                   presently
                   gnaws
                   his
                   way
                   through
                   his
                   Belly
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   escapes
                   himself
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   Death
                   of
                   his
                   Enemy
                   .
                   Among
                   the
                   Birds
                   ,
                   the
                   Ibis
                   is
                   serviceable
                   for
                   the
                   destroying
                   of
                   
                     Snakes
                     ,
                     Locusts
                  
                   and
                   the
                   
                     Palmer
                     Worm
                  
                   .
                   The
                   Kite
                   is
                   an
                   Enemy
                   to
                   the
                   Scorpions
                   ,
                   horn'd
                   Serpents
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   little
                   Creatures
                   ,
                   that
                   both
                   bite
                   and
                   sting
                   Men
                   to
                   Death
                   .
                   Others
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   Bird
                   is
                   Deify'd
                   ,
                   because
                   the
                   Augurs
                   make
                   use
                   of
                   the
                   swift
                   flight
                   of
                   these
                   Birds
                   in
                   their
                   Divinations
                   .
                   Others
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   ancient
                   Time
                   ,
                   a
                   Book
                   bound
                   about
                   with
                   a
                   Scarlet
                   Thred
                   (
                   wherein
                   were
                   written
                   all
                   the
                   Rites
                   and
                   Customs
                   of
                   Worshipping
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   )
                   was
                   carry'd
                   by
                   a
                   Kite
                   ,
                   and
                   brought
                   to
                   the
                   Priests
                   at
                   Thebes
                   :
                   For
                   which
                   Reason
                   the
                   Sacred
                   Scribes
                   wore
                   a
                   red
                   Cap
                   with
                   a
                   
                   Kite's
                   Feather
                   in
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Thebans
                   worship
                   the
                   Eagle
                   ,
                   because
                   she
                   seems
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Royal
                   Bird
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   deserve
                   the
                   Adoration
                   due
                   to
                   Jupiter
                   himself
                   .
                   They
                   say
                   ,
                   the
                   Goat
                   was
                   accounted
                   amongst
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   sake
                   of
                   his
                   Genitals
                   ,
                   as
                   Priapus
                   is
                   honour'd
                   among
                   the
                   Grecians
                   :
                   For
                   this
                   Creature
                   is
                   exceeding
                   Lustful
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   they
                   say
                   that
                   Member
                   (
                   the
                   Instrument
                   of
                   Generation
                   )
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   highly
                   honour'd
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   from
                   which
                   all
                   living
                   Creatures
                   derive
                   their
                   Original
                   .
                   They
                   say
                   that
                   these
                   Privy
                   Parts
                   are
                   not
                   only
                   accounted
                   Sacred
                   among
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   but
                   among
                   many
                   others
                   ,
                   are
                   religiously
                   ador'd
                   in
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   their
                   Solemn
                   Rites
                   of
                   religious
                   Worship
                   ,
                   as
                   those
                   Parts
                   that
                   are
                   the
                   Causes
                   of
                   Generation
                   .
                   And
                   the
                   Priests
                   ,
                   who
                   succeed
                   in
                   the
                   Office
                   ,
                   descended
                   to
                   them
                   from
                   their
                   Fathers
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   are
                   first
                   initiated
                   into
                   the
                   Service
                   of
                   this
                   God.
                   For
                   this
                   Reason
                   the
                   *
                   Panes
                   and
                   Satyrs
                   are
                   greatly
                   ador'd
                   among
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   they
                   have
                   Images
                   of
                   them
                   set
                   up
                   in
                   their
                   Temples
                   ,
                   with
                   their
                   Privy
                   Parts
                   erected
                   like
                   to
                   the
                   Goat
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   is
                   the
                   most
                   lustful
                   Creature
                   in
                   the
                   World.
                   By
                   this
                   Representation
                   they
                   would
                   signify
                   their
                   Gratitude
                   to
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   Populousness
                   of
                   their
                   Country
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   Sacred
                   Bulls
                   Apis
                   and
                   Mnevis
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   they
                   honour
                   as
                   Gods
                   by
                   the
                   Command
                   of
                   Osiris
                   ,
                   both
                   for
                   their
                   Usefulness
                   in
                   Husbandry
                   ,
                   and
                   likewise
                   to
                   keep
                   up
                   an
                   honourable
                   and
                   lasting
                   Memory
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   first
                   found
                   out
                   Bread-corn
                   and
                   other
                   Fruits
                   of
                   the
                   EARTH
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   however
                   ,
                   its
                   lawful
                   to
                   sacrifice
                   red
                   Oxen
                   ,
                   because
                   Typhon
                   seem'd
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   that
                   Colour
                   ,
                   who
                   treacherously
                   murder'd
                   Osiris
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   himself
                   put
                   to
                   Death
                   by
                   Isis
                   for
                   the
                   Murther
                   of
                   her
                   Husband
                   .
                   They
                   report
                   likewise
                   ,
                   that
                   anciently
                   Men
                   that
                   had
                   red
                   Hair
                   ,
                   like
                   Typhon
                   ,
                   were
                   sacrifis'd
                   by
                   the
                   Kings
                   at
                   the
                   Sepulcher
                   of
                   Osiris
                   .
                   And
                   indeed
                   ,
                   there
                   are
                   very
                   few
                   Egyptians
                   that
                   are
                   red
                   ,
                   but
                   many
                   that
                   are
                   Strangers
                   :
                   And
                   hence
                   arose
                   the
                   Fable
                   of
                   Busiris
                   his
                   Cruelty
                   towards
                   Strangers
                   amongst
                   the
                   Greeks
                   ,
                   not
                   that
                   there
                   ever
                   was
                   any
                   King
                   call'd
                   Busiris
                   ;
                   but
                   Osiris
                   his
                   Sepulcher
                   was
                   so
                   call'd
                   in
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Language
                   .
                   They
                   say
                   they
                   pay
                   divine
                   Honour
                   to
                   Wolves
                   ,
                   because
                   they
                   come
                   so
                   near
                   in
                   their
                   Nature
                   to
                   Dogs
                   ,
                   for
                   they
                   are
                   very
                   little
                   different
                   ,
                   and
                   mutually
                   ingender
                   and
                   bring
                   forth
                   Whelps
                   .
                
                 
                   They
                   give
                   likewise
                   another
                   Reason
                   for
                   their
                   Adoration
                   ,
                   but
                   most
                   fabulous
                   of
                   all
                   other
                   ;
                   for
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   Isis
                   and
                   her
                   Son
                   Orus
                   were
                   ready
                   to
                   joyn
                   Battle
                   with
                   
                     Typhon
                     ,
                     Osiris
                  
                   came
                   up
                   from
                   the
                   Shades
                   below
                   in
                   the
                   form
                   of
                   a
                   Wolf
                   ,
                   and
                   assisted
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   when
                   Typhon
                   was
                   kill'd
                   ,
                   the
                   Conquerors
                   commanded
                   that
                   Beast
                   to
                   be
                   worshipp'd
                   ,
                   because
                   the
                   Day
                   was
                   won
                   presently
                   upon
                   his
                   Appearing
                   .
                
                 
                   Some
                   affirm
                   ,
                   that
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   Irruption
                   of
                   the
                   Ethiopians
                   into
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   a
                   great
                   Number
                   of
                   Wolves
                   flockt
                   together
                   ,
                   and
                   drove
                   the
                   invading
                   Enemy
                   beyond
                   the
                   City
                   Elaphantina
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   that
                   Province
                   is
                   call'd
                   *
                   Lycopolitana
                   ;
                   and
                   for
                   these
                   Reasons
                   came
                   these
                   Beasts
                   before
                   mention'd
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   thus
                   ador'd
                   and
                   worshipped
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VII
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Why
                     the
                     Crocodile
                     is
                     Worship'd
                     .
                     Some
                     sorts
                     of
                     Herbs
                     and
                     Roots
                     not
                     Eaten
                     .
                     Why
                     other
                     Creatures
                     are
                     Worship'd
                     .
                     The
                     manner
                     of
                     their
                     Burials
                     .
                     The
                     Lawmakers
                     in
                     Egypt
                     .
                     Learned
                     Men
                     of
                     Greece
                     made
                     Journeys
                     into
                     Egypt
                     ,
                     as
                     
                       Orpheus
                       ,
                       Homer
                       ,
                       Plato
                       ,
                       Solon
                       ,
                       Pythagoras
                       ,
                    
                     &c.
                     
                     Several
                     Proofs
                     of
                     this
                     ,
                     as
                     their
                     Religious
                     Rites
                     ,
                     Fables
                     ,
                     &c.
                     in
                     Greece
                     ,
                     of
                     
                       Egyptian
                       Extraction
                    
                     .
                     The
                     exquisit
                     Art
                     of
                     the
                     Stone-Carvers
                     in
                     Egypt
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   NOW
                   it
                   remains
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   speak
                   of
                   the
                   Deifying
                   the
                   Crocodile
                   ,
                   of
                   which
                   many
                   
                   have
                   inquir'd
                   what
                   might
                   be
                   the
                   Reason
                   ;
                   being
                   that
                   these
                   Beasts
                   devour
                   Men
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   are
                   ador'd
                   as
                   Gods
                   ,
                   who
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   are
                   pernicious
                   Instruments
                   of
                   many
                   cruel
                   Accidents
                   .
                   To
                   this
                   they
                   answer
                   ,
                   that
                   their
                   Country
                   is
                   not
                   only
                   defended
                   by
                   the
                   River
                   ,
                   but
                   much
                   more
                   by
                   the
                   Crocodiles
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   the
                   Theeves
                   out
                   of
                   Arabia
                   and
                   Africa
                   being
                   affraid
                   of
                   the
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   these
                   Creatures
                   ,
                   dare
                   not
                   pass
                   over
                   the
                   River
                   Nile
                   ,
                   which
                   protection
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   depriv'd
                   of
                   ,
                   if
                   these
                   Beasts
                   should
                   be
                   fallen
                   upon
                   ;
                   and
                   utterly
                   destroy'd
                   by
                   the
                   Hunters
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   there
                   's
                   another
                   Account
                   given
                   of
                   these
                   Things
                   :
                   For
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Ancient
                   
                   Kings
                   ,
                   call'd
                   Menas
                   ,
                   being
                   set
                   upon
                   and
                   pursu'd
                   by
                   his
                   own
                   Dogs
                   ,
                   was
                   forc'd
                   into
                   the
                   Lake
                   of
                   Miris
                   ,
                   where
                   a
                   Crocodile
                   (
                   a
                   Wonder
                   to
                   be
                   told
                   )
                   took
                   him
                   up
                   and
                   carri'd
                   him
                   over
                   to
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   ,
                   where
                   in
                   Gratitude
                   to
                   the
                   Beast
                   he
                   built
                   a
                   City
                   ,
                   and
                   call'd
                   it
                   Crocodile
                   ;
                   and
                   commanded
                   Crocodiles
                   to
                   be
                   Ador'd
                   as
                   Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   Dedicated
                   the
                   Lake
                   to
                   them
                   for
                   a
                   place
                   to
                   Feed
                   and
                   Breed
                   in
                   .
                   Where
                   he
                   built
                   a
                   Sepulcher
                   for
                   himself
                   with
                   a
                   foursquare
                   Pyramid
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   Labyrinth
                   greatly
                   admir'd
                   by
                   every
                   Body
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   they
                   relate
                   Stories
                   of
                   other
                   Things
                   ,
                   which
                   would
                   be
                   too
                   tedious
                   here
                   to
                   recite
                   .
                   For
                   some
                   conceive
                   it
                   to
                   be
                   very
                   clear
                   and
                   evident
                   (
                   by
                   several
                   of
                   them
                   not
                   Eating
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   Fruits
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   )
                   that
                   Gain
                   and
                   Profit
                   by
                   sparing
                   has
                   infected
                   them
                   with
                   this
                   Superstition
                   :
                   for
                   some
                   never
                   Taste
                   Lentils
                   ,
                   nor
                   other
                   Beans
                   ;
                   and
                   some
                   never
                   eat
                   either
                   Cheese
                   or
                   Onions
                   or
                   such
                   like
                   Food
                   ,
                   although
                   Egypt
                   abounds
                   with
                   these
                   Things
                   .
                   Thereby
                   signifying
                   that
                   all
                   should
                   learn
                   to
                   be
                   temperate
                   ;
                   and
                   whatsoever
                   any
                   feed
                   upon
                   ,
                   they
                   should
                   not
                   
                   give
                   themselves
                   to
                   Gluttony
                   .
                   But
                   others
                   give
                   another
                   Reason
                   ;
                   for
                   they
                   say
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   Time
                   of
                   the
                   Ancient
                   Kings
                   ,
                   the
                   People
                   being
                   prone
                   to
                   Sedition
                   ,
                   and
                   Plotting
                   to
                   Rebel
                   ,
                   one
                   of
                   their
                   wise
                   and
                   prudent
                   Princes
                   divided
                   Egypt
                   into
                   several
                   Parts
                   ,
                   and
                   appointed
                   the
                   Worship
                   of
                   some
                   Beast
                   or
                   other
                   in
                   every
                   Part
                   ,
                   or
                   forbad
                   some
                   sort
                   of
                   Food
                   ,
                   that
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   every
                   one
                   Adoring
                   their
                   own
                   Creature
                   ,
                   and
                   slighting
                   that
                   which
                   was
                   Worship'd
                   in
                   another
                   Province
                   ,
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   might
                   never
                   agree
                   amongst
                   themselves
                   .
                   And
                   this
                   is
                   evident
                   from
                   the
                   Effects
                   ;
                   for
                   when
                   one
                   Country
                   despises
                   and
                   contemns
                   the
                   Religious
                   Rites
                   and
                   Customs
                   of
                   their
                   Neighbours
                   ,
                   this
                   always
                   begets
                   Heart-burnings
                   among
                   them
                   .
                   But
                   some
                   give
                   this
                   Reason
                   for
                   Deifying
                   of
                   these
                   Creatures
                   :
                   They
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   beginning
                   ,
                   Men
                   that
                   were
                   of
                   a
                   fierce
                   and
                   beastly
                   Nature
                   herded
                   together
                   and
                   devoured
                   one
                   another
                   ;
                   and
                   being
                   in
                   ,
                   perpetual
                   War
                   and
                   Discord
                   ,
                   the
                   stronger
                   always
                   destroy'd
                   the
                   weaker
                   .
                   In
                   process
                   of
                   time
                   ,
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   too
                   weak
                   for
                   the
                   other
                   (
                   taught
                   at
                   length
                   by
                   Experience
                   )
                   got
                   in
                   Bodies
                   together
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   the
                   representations
                   of
                   those
                   Beasts
                   (
                   which
                   were
                   afterwards
                   Worship'd
                   )
                   in
                   their
                   Standards
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   they
                   ran
                   together
                   when
                   they
                   were
                   in
                   a
                   Fright
                   ,
                   upon
                   every
                   occasion
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   made
                   up
                   a
                   considerable
                   Force
                   against
                   them
                   that
                   attempted
                   to
                   assault
                   them
                   .
                   This
                   was
                   imitated
                   by
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   the
                   whole
                   Multitude
                   got
                   into
                   a
                   Body
                   ;
                   and
                   hence
                   it
                   was
                   that
                   that
                   Creature
                   ,
                   which
                   every
                   one
                   suppos'd
                   was
                   the
                   cause
                   of
                   his
                   safety
                   ,
                   was
                   honour'd
                   as
                   a
                   God
                   ,
                   as
                   justly
                   deserving
                   that
                   Adoration
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   at
                   this
                   day
                   the
                   People
                   of
                   Egypt
                   differ
                   in
                   their
                   Religion
                   ,
                   every
                   one
                   Worshiping
                   that
                   Beast
                   that
                   their
                   Ancestors
                   did
                   in
                   the
                   beginning
                   .
                   To
                   conclude
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   that
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   of
                   all
                   other
                   People
                   ,
                   are
                   the
                   most
                   grateful
                   for
                   Favours
                   done
                   them
                   ,
                   judging
                   Gratitude
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   safest
                   Guard
                   of
                   their
                   Lives
                   ,
                   in
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   evident
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   are
                   most
                   ready
                   to
                   do
                   good
                   to
                   them
                   with
                   whom
                   are
                   laid
                   up
                   the
                   Treasures
                   of
                   a
                   grateful
                   Mind
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   suitable
                   Return
                   .
                   And
                   for
                   these
                   Reasons
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   seem
                   to
                   honour
                   and
                   adore
                   their
                   Kings
                   no
                   less
                   than
                   as
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   very
                   Gods.
                   For
                   they
                   hold
                   that
                   without
                   a
                   Divine
                   Providence
                   they
                   never
                   could
                   be
                   advanc'd
                   to
                   the
                   Throne
                   ;
                   and
                   being
                   they
                   can
                   confer
                   the
                   greatest
                   Rewards
                   at
                   their
                   will
                   and
                   pleasure
                   ,
                   they
                   judge
                   them
                   partakers
                   of
                   the
                   Divine
                   Nature
                   .
                   Now
                   tho'
                   we
                   have
                   said
                   perhaps
                   more
                   than
                   is
                   needful
                   of
                   their
                   sacred
                   Creatures
                   ,
                   yet
                   with
                   this
                   we
                   have
                   set
                   forth
                   the
                   Laws
                   of
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   which
                   are
                   very
                   remarkable
                   .
                   But
                   when
                   a
                   Man
                   comes
                   to
                   understand
                   their
                   Rites
                   and
                   Ceremonies
                   in
                   Burying
                   their
                   Dead
                   ,
                   he
                   'l
                   be
                   struck
                   with
                   much
                   greater
                   Admiration
                   .
                
                 
                   For
                   after
                   the
                   Death
                   of
                   any
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   Friends
                   and
                   Kindred
                   of
                   the
                   deceased
                   throw
                   Dirt
                   upon
                   their
                   Heads
                   ,
                   and
                   run
                   about
                   through
                   the
                   City
                   ;
                   mourning
                   
                   and
                   lamenting
                   till
                   such
                   time
                   as
                   the
                   Body
                   be
                   interr'd
                   ,
                   and
                   abstain
                   from
                   Baths
                   ,
                   Wine
                   and
                   all
                   pleasant
                   Meats
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   ;
                   and
                   forbear
                   to
                   cloath
                   themselves
                   with
                   any
                   rich
                   Attire
                   .
                   They
                   have
                   three
                   sorts
                   of
                   Funerals
                   :
                   The
                   Stately
                   and
                   Magnificent
                   ,
                   the
                   Moderate
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Meanest
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   first
                   they
                   spend
                   a
                   Talent
                   of
                   Silver
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   second
                   twenty
                   *
                   Minas
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   last
                   they
                   are
                   at
                   very
                   small
                   Charges
                   .
                   They
                   that
                   have
                   the
                   Charge
                   of
                   wrapping
                   up
                   and
                   burying
                   the
                   Body
                   ,
                   are
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   been
                   taught
                   the
                   Art
                   by
                   their
                   Ancestors
                   .
                   These
                   give
                   in
                   a
                   Writing
                   to
                   the
                   Family
                   of
                   every
                   thing
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   laid
                   out
                   in
                   the
                   Funeral
                   ,
                   and
                   inquire
                   of
                   them
                   after
                   what
                   Manner
                   they
                   would
                   have
                   the
                   Body
                   interr'd
                   .
                   When
                   every
                   thing
                   is
                   agreed
                   upon
                   ,
                   they
                   take
                   up
                   the
                   Body
                   and
                   deliver
                   it
                   to
                   them
                   whose
                   Office
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   take
                   Care
                   of
                   it
                   .
                   Then
                   the
                   Chief
                   among
                   them
                   (
                   who
                   is
                   call'd
                   the
                   Scribe
                   )
                   having
                   the
                   Body
                   laid
                   upon
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   marks
                   out
                   how
                   much
                   of
                   the
                   left
                   Side
                   towards
                   the
                   Bowels
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   incis'd
                   and
                   open'd
                   ,
                   upon
                   which
                   the
                   †
                   Paraschistes
                   (
                   so
                   by
                   them
                   call'd
                   )
                   with
                   an
                   Ethiopian
                   Stone
                   dissects
                   so
                   much
                   of
                   the
                   Flesh
                   as
                   by
                   the
                   Law
                   is
                   justifiable
                   ,
                   and
                   having
                   done
                   it
                   ,
                   he
                   forthwith
                   runs
                   away
                   might
                   and
                   main
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   there
                   present
                   pursue
                   him
                   with
                   Execrations
                   ,
                   and
                   pelt
                   him
                   with
                   Stones
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   he
                   were
                   guilty
                   of
                   some
                   horrid
                   Offence
                   ,
                   for
                   they
                   look
                   upon
                   him
                   as
                   an
                   hateful
                   Person
                   ,
                   who
                   wounds
                   and
                   offers
                   Violence
                   to
                   the
                   Body
                   in
                   that
                   kind
                   ,
                   or
                   does
                   it
                   any
                   Prejudice
                   whatsoever
                   .
                   But
                   as
                   for
                   those
                   whom
                   they
                   call
                   the
                   *
                   Taricheutae
                   ,
                   they
                   highly
                   honour
                   them
                   ,
                   for
                   they
                   are
                   the
                   Priests
                   Companions
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   Sacred
                   Persons
                   are
                   admitted
                   into
                   the
                   Temple
                   .
                   Assoon
                   as
                   they
                   come
                   to
                   the
                   dissected
                   Body
                   ,
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Taricheutae
                   thrusts
                   up
                   his
                   Hand
                   through
                   the
                   Wound
                   ,
                   into
                   the
                   Breast
                   of
                   the
                   Dead
                   ,
                   and
                   draws
                   out
                   all
                   the
                   Intestins
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Reins
                   and
                   the
                   Heart
                   .
                   Another
                   cleanses
                   all
                   the
                   Bowels
                   ,
                   and
                   washes
                   them
                   in
                   Phaenician
                   Wine
                   mixt
                   with
                   diverse
                   Aromatick
                   Spices
                   .
                   Having
                   at
                   last
                   wash'd
                   the
                   Body
                   ,
                   they
                   first
                   anoint
                   it
                   all
                   over
                   with
                   the
                   Oyl
                   of
                   Cedar
                   and
                   other
                   precious
                   Ointments
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   *
                   forty
                   days
                   together
                   ;
                   that
                   done
                   ,
                   they
                   rub
                   it
                   well
                   with
                   Myrrhe
                   ,
                   Cinnamon
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   like
                   things
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   apt
                   and
                   effectual
                   for
                   long
                   Preservation
                   ,
                   
                   but
                   for
                   sweet
                   scenting
                   of
                   the
                   Body
                   also
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   deliver
                   it
                   to
                   the
                   Kindred
                   of
                   the
                   Dead
                   ,
                   with
                   every
                   Member
                   so
                   whole
                   and
                   intire
                   ,
                   that
                   no
                   Part
                   of
                   the
                   Body
                   seems
                   to
                   be
                   alter'd
                   till
                   it
                   come
                   to
                   the
                   very
                   Hairs
                   of
                   the
                   Eye-lids
                   and
                   the
                   Eye-brows
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   as
                   the
                   Beauty
                   and
                   Shape
                   of
                   the
                   Face
                   seems
                   just
                   as
                   it
                   was
                   before
                   .
                   By
                   which
                   Means
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   laying
                   up
                   the
                   Bodies
                   of
                   their
                   Ancestors
                   in
                   stately
                   Monuments
                   ,
                   perfectly
                   see
                   the
                   true
                   Visage
                   and
                   Countenance
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   buried
                   ,
                   many
                   Ages
                   before
                   they
                   themselves
                   were
                   born
                   .
                   So
                   that
                   in
                   viewing
                   the
                   Proportion
                   of
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   their
                   Bodies
                   and
                   the
                   Lineaments
                   of
                   their
                   Faces
                   ,
                   they
                   take
                   exceeding
                   great
                   Delight
                   ,
                   even
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   still
                   living
                   among
                   them
                   .
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   the
                   Friends
                   and
                   nearest
                   Relations
                   of
                   the
                   Dead
                   acquaint
                   the
                   Judges
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   their
                   Friends
                   with
                   the
                   Time
                   prefixt
                   for
                   the
                   Funeral
                   of
                   such
                   an
                   one
                   by
                   Name
                   ,
                   declaring
                   that
                   such
                   a
                   day
                   he
                   is
                   to
                   pass
                   the
                   Lake
                   .
                   At
                   which
                   Time
                   forty
                   Judges
                   appear
                   and
                   sit
                   together
                   in
                   a
                   Semicircle
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   Place
                   beyond
                   the
                   Lake
                   ;
                   where
                   a
                   Ship
                   (
                   before
                   provided
                   by
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   the
                   Care
                   of
                   the
                   Business
                   )
                   is
                   hal'd
                   up
                   to
                   the
                   Shoar
                   ,
                   govern'd
                   by
                   a
                   Pilot
                   ,
                   whom
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   call
                   Charon
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   Orpheus
                   seeing
                   this
                   Ceremony
                   when
                   he
                   was
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   invented
                   the
                   Fable
                   of
                   Hell
                   ,
                   partly
                   imitating
                   them
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   and
                   partly
                   adding
                   something
                   of
                   his
                   own
                   ;
                   of
                   which
                   we
                   shall
                   speak
                   particularly
                   hereafter
                   .
                   The
                   Ship
                   being
                   now
                   in
                   the
                   Lake
                   ,
                   every
                   one
                   is
                   at
                   Liberty
                   by
                   the
                   Law
                   to
                   accuse
                   the
                   Dead
                   before
                   the
                   Coffin
                   be
                   put
                   aboard
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   any
                   Accuser
                   appears
                   and
                   makes
                   good
                   his
                   Accusation
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   liv'd
                   an
                   ill
                   Life
                   ,
                   then
                   the
                   Judges
                   give
                   Sentence
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Body
                   is
                   debarr'd
                   from
                   being
                   buried
                   after
                   the
                   usual
                   Manner
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   the
                   Informer
                   be
                   convicted
                   of
                   a
                   scandalous
                   and
                   malicious
                   Accusation
                   ,
                   he
                   's
                   very
                   severely
                   punish'd
                   .
                   If
                   no
                   Informer
                   appear
                   ,
                   or
                   that
                   the
                   Information
                   prove
                   false
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   Kindred
                   of
                   the
                   Deceased
                   leave
                   off
                   Mourning
                   ,
                   and
                   begin
                   to
                   set
                   forth
                   his
                   Praises
                   ;
                   but
                   say
                   nothing
                   of
                   his
                   Birth
                   (
                   as
                   is
                   the
                   Custom
                   among
                   the
                   Greeks
                   )
                   because
                   they
                   account
                   all
                   in
                   Egypt
                   to
                   be
                   equally
                   noble
                   .
                   But
                   they
                   recount
                   how
                   the
                   deceased
                   was
                   educated
                   from
                   a
                   Child
                   ,
                   his
                   
                   Breeding
                   till
                   he
                   came
                   to
                   Man's
                   Estate
                   ,
                   his
                   Piety
                   towards
                   the
                   Gods
                   and
                   his
                   Justice
                   towards
                   Men
                   ,
                   his
                   Chastity
                   and
                   other
                   Virtues
                   ,
                   wherein
                   he
                   excell'd
                   ;
                   and
                   they
                   pray
                   and
                   call
                   upon
                   the
                   infernal
                   Deities
                   to
                   receive
                   the
                   deceas'd
                   into
                   the
                   Society
                   of
                   the
                   Just
                   .
                   The
                   common
                   People
                   take
                   it
                   from
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   and
                   approve
                   of
                   all
                   that
                   is
                   said
                   in
                   his
                   Praise
                   with
                   a
                   loud
                   Shout
                   ,
                   and
                   set
                   forth
                   likewise
                   his
                   Vertues
                   with
                   the
                   highest
                   Praises
                   and
                   Strains
                   of
                   Commendation
                   ,
                   as
                   he
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   live
                   for
                   ever
                   with
                   the
                   just
                   *
                   in
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   of
                   JOVE
                   .
                   Then
                   they
                   (
                   that
                   have
                   Tombs
                   of
                   their
                   own
                   )
                   interr
                   the
                   Corps
                   in
                   Places
                   appointed
                   for
                   that
                   Purpose
                   ;
                   they
                   that
                   have
                   none
                   of
                   their
                   own
                   ,
                   build
                   a
                   small
                   Apartment
                   in
                   their
                   own
                   Houses
                   ,
                   and
                   rear
                   up
                   the
                   Coffin
                   to
                   the
                   Sides
                   of
                   the
                   strongest
                   Wall
                   of
                   the
                   Building
                   .
                   Such
                   as
                   are
                   deny'd
                   common
                   Burial
                   ,
                   either
                   because
                   they
                   are
                   in
                   Debt
                   ,
                   or
                   convicted
                   of
                   some
                   horrid
                   Crime
                   ,
                   they
                   bury
                   in
                   their
                   own
                   Houses
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   After-times
                   it
                   often
                   happens
                   that
                   some
                   of
                   their
                   Kindred
                   growing
                   rich
                   ,
                   pay
                   off
                   the
                   Debts
                   of
                   the
                   deceas'd
                   ,
                   or
                   get
                   him
                   absolv'd
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   bury
                   their
                   Ancestor
                   with
                   State
                   and
                   Splendour
                   .
                   For
                   amongst
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   it
                   's
                   a
                   Sacred
                   Constitution
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   should
                   at
                   their
                   greatest
                   Costs
                   honour
                   their
                   Parents
                   and
                   Ancestors
                   ,
                   who
                   are
                   translated
                   to
                   an
                   Eternal
                   Habitation
                   .
                   It
                   's
                   a
                   Custom
                   likewise
                   among
                   them
                   to
                   give
                   the
                   Bodies
                   of
                   their
                   Parents
                   in
                   Pawn
                   to
                   their
                   Creditors
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   that
                   do
                   not
                   presently
                   redeem
                   them
                   ,
                   fall
                   under
                   the
                   greatest
                   Disgrace
                   imaginable
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   deny'd
                   Burial
                   after
                   their
                   Deaths
                   .
                   One
                   may
                   justly
                   wonder
                   at
                   the
                   Authors
                   of
                   this
                   excellent
                   Constitution
                   ,
                   who
                   both
                   by
                   what
                   we
                   see
                   practis'd
                   among
                   the
                   living
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   the
                   decent
                   Burial
                   of
                   the
                   dead
                   ,
                   did
                   (
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   possibly
                   lay
                   within
                   the
                   Power
                   of
                   Men
                   )
                   endeavour
                   to
                   promote
                   Honesty
                   and
                   faithful
                   Dealing
                   one
                   with
                   another
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   Greeks
                   (
                   as
                   to
                   what
                   concern'd
                   the
                   Rewards
                   of
                   the
                   Just
                   and
                   the
                   Punishment
                   of
                   the
                   Impious
                   )
                   had
                   nothing
                   amongst
                   them
                   but
                   invented
                   Fables
                   and
                   Poetical
                   Fictions
                   ,
                   which
                   never
                   wrought
                   upon
                   Men
                   for
                   the
                   Amendment
                   of
                   their
                   Lives
                   ,
                   but
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   were
                   despis'd
                   and
                   laught
                   at
                   by
                   the
                   lewder
                   Sort.
                   But
                   among
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   the
                   Punishment
                   of
                   the
                   bad
                   and
                   the
                   Rewards
                   of
                   the
                   good
                   being
                   not
                   told
                   as
                   idle
                   Tales
                   ,
                   but
                   every
                   day
                   seen
                   with
                   their
                   own
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   all
                   Sorts
                   were
                   warn'd
                   of
                   their
                   Duties
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   this
                   Means
                   was
                   wrought
                   and
                   continu'd
                   a
                   most
                   exact
                   Reformation
                   of
                   Manners
                   and
                   orderly
                   Conversation
                   among
                   them
                   .
                   For
                   those
                   certainly
                   are
                   the
                   best
                   Laws
                   that
                   advance
                   Virtue
                   and
                   Honesty
                   ,
                   and
                   instruct
                   Men
                   in
                   a
                   prudent
                   Converse
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   rather
                   than
                   those
                   that
                   tend
                   only
                   to
                   the
                   heaping
                   up
                   of
                   Wealth
                   ,
                   and
                   teach
                   Men
                   to
                   be
                   rich
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   And
                   now
                   its
                   necessary
                   for
                   us
                   to
                   speak
                   of
                   the
                   Legislators
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   who
                   establish'd
                   
                   such
                   Laws
                   as
                   are
                   both
                   unusual
                   elsewhere
                   ,
                   and
                   admirable
                   in
                   themselves
                   .
                   After
                   the
                   ancient
                   way
                   of
                   living
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   (
                   according
                   to
                   their
                   own
                   Stories
                   )
                   in
                   the
                   Reigns
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   and
                   Demigods
                   ;
                   they
                   say
                   that
                   Mnevis
                   ,
                   a
                   Man
                   of
                   an
                   heroic
                   Spirit
                   
                   and
                   famous
                   in
                   his
                   Generation
                   for
                   a
                   commendable
                   Life
                   ,
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   instituted
                   written
                   Laws
                   ,
                   feigning
                   that
                   he
                   receiv'd
                   them
                   from
                   Mercury
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   from
                   them
                   would
                   accrue
                   great
                   Benefit
                   and
                   Advantage
                   to
                   the
                   publick
                   .
                   The
                   same
                   Device
                   Minos
                   us'd
                   among
                   the
                   Grecians
                   in
                   Creet
                   ,
                   and
                   Lycurgus
                   among
                   the
                   Lacedemonians
                   ;
                   The
                   first
                   pretending
                   he
                   had
                   them
                   from
                   Jupiter
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   from
                   Apollo
                   .
                   This
                   Contrivance
                   ,
                   it
                   s
                   said
                   ,
                   has
                   been
                   made
                   use
                   of
                   amongst
                   diverse
                   other
                   Nations
                   ,
                   who
                   have
                   reapt
                   much
                   Advantage
                   by
                   observing
                   such
                   Laws
                   .
                   For
                   it
                   s
                   reported
                   ,
                   that
                   among
                   the
                   *
                   
                     Aramaspi
                     ,
                     Zathrausles
                  
                   pretended
                   he
                   receiv'd
                   his
                   Laws
                   from
                   a
                   good
                   Genius
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   Zamolxis
                   amongst
                   the
                   People
                   call'd
                   the
                   †
                   Getes
                   patroniz'd
                   his
                   by
                   Vesta
                   ;
                   and
                   among
                   the
                   Jews
                   ,
                   that
                   Moses
                   alledg'd
                   the
                   God
                   call'd
                   
                     I
                     AO
                  
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Author
                   of
                   his
                   .
                   And
                   this
                   they
                   did
                   either
                   because
                   they
                   judg'd
                   such
                   an
                   Invention
                   (
                   which
                   brought
                   about
                   so
                   much
                   Good
                   to
                   Mankind
                   )
                   was
                   wonderfully
                   commendable
                   and
                   of
                   a
                   divine
                   Stamp
                   ;
                   or
                   that
                   they
                   concluded
                   the
                   People
                   would
                   be
                   more
                   observant
                   out
                   of
                   a
                   reverend
                   Regard
                   to
                   the
                   Majesty
                   and
                   Authority
                   of
                   those
                   who
                   were
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Lawmakers
                   .
                   The
                   second
                   Lawmaker
                   of
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   was
                   Sasyches
                   ,
                   a
                   
                   very
                   wise
                   and
                   prudent
                   Prince
                   ,
                   who
                   added
                   to
                   the
                   former
                   ,
                   and
                   made
                   excellent
                   Laws
                   also
                   relating
                   to
                   the
                   Honour
                   and
                   Worship
                   of
                   the
                   Gods.
                   He
                   's
                   reported
                   to
                   have
                   found
                   out
                   Geometry
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   have
                   taught
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   Astronomy
                   .
                   The
                   third
                   who
                   they
                   cry
                   up
                   is
                   Sesostris
                   ,
                   who
                   not
                   only
                   excell'd
                   all
                   the
                   Kings
                   of
                   Egypt
                   in
                   his
                   warlike
                   
                   Atchievments
                   ,
                   but
                   fram'd
                   Laws
                   for
                   Military
                   Disciplin
                   among
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   and
                   put
                   every
                   thing
                   in
                   due
                   Order
                   relating
                   to
                   Military
                   Affairs
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   fourth
                   Lawmaker
                   they
                   say
                   was
                   King
                   Bocchoris
                   ;
                   a
                   wise
                   and
                   prudent
                   Man
                   ,
                   
                   he
                   establish'd
                   every
                   thing
                   that
                   concern'd
                   the
                   Kings
                   ,
                   and
                   prescrib'd
                   exact
                   Rules
                   and
                   Laws
                   for
                   the
                   making
                   of
                   Contracts
                   .
                   He
                   was
                   so
                   wise
                   and
                   of
                   so
                   piercing
                   a
                   Judgment
                   in
                   his
                   Decisions
                   ,
                   that
                   many
                   of
                   his
                   Sentences
                   for
                   their
                   Excellency
                   are
                   kept
                   in
                   Memory
                   to
                   this
                   very
                   day
                   .
                   He
                   was
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   of
                   a
                   very
                   weak
                   Constitution
                   of
                   Body
                   and
                   extraordinary
                   covetous
                   .
                
                 
                   After
                   him
                   King
                   Amasis
                   imploy'd
                   himself
                   in
                   the
                   framing
                   of
                   Laws
                   for
                   the
                   Directions
                   
                   of
                   the
                   Nomarchi
                   in
                   their
                   several
                   Governments
                   ,
                   which
                   reduc'd
                   all
                   the
                   Provinces
                   of
                   Egypt
                   into
                   due
                   Order
                   .
                   It
                   's
                   said
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   a
                   most
                   wise
                   ,
                   just
                   and
                   good
                   
                   Man
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   he
                   was
                   advanc'd
                   to
                   the
                   Throne
                   by
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   ,
                   tho'
                   he
                   was
                   not
                   of
                   the
                   Blood-Royal
                   .
                   'T
                   is
                   repored
                   ,
                   that
                   when
                   the
                   Eleans
                   were
                   about
                   to
                   celebrate
                   the
                   Olympick
                   Games
                   ,
                   and
                   sent
                   their
                   Embassadors
                   to
                   him
                   to
                   advise
                   them
                   how
                   they
                   might
                   manage
                   those
                   Sports
                   most
                   justly
                   ,
                   he
                   answer'd
                   ,
                   
                     That
                     the
                     way
                     to
                     do
                     that
                     was
                     for
                     none
                     of
                     the
                  
                   Eleans
                   
                     to
                     be
                     Parties
                     in
                     the
                     Contest
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   Polycrates
                   ,
                   the
                   petty
                   King
                   of
                   Samos
                   ,
                   entred
                   into
                   a
                   League
                   of
                   Friendship
                   with
                   him
                   :
                   But
                   when
                   he
                   heard
                   how
                   Polycrates
                   opprest
                   his
                   own
                   Subjects
                   ,
                   and
                   injur'd
                   Strangers
                   that
                   came
                   into
                   his
                   Country
                   ,
                   he
                   sent
                   Embassadors
                   to
                   him
                   to
                   advise
                   to
                   Moderation
                   ;
                   but
                   not
                   being
                   able
                   to
                   persuade
                   him
                   ,
                   he
                   at
                   length
                   sent
                   a
                   Letter
                   to
                   him
                   to
                   let
                   him
                   know
                   he
                   dissolv'd
                   and
                   renounc'd
                   the
                   League
                   that
                   was
                   betwixt
                   them
                   ,
                   saying
                   ,
                   
                     He
                     was
                     not
                     willing
                     forthwith
                     to
                     be
                     involv'd
                     in
                     Grief
                     and
                     Sorrow
                     ,
                     for
                     that
                     he
                     perfectly
                     foresaw
                     the
                     miserable
                     .
                     Fall
                     that
                     would
                     presently
                     overtake
                     one
                     who
                     govern'd
                     so
                     tyrannically
                     .
                  
                   He
                   was
                   greatly
                   admir'd
                   ,
                   they
                   ▪
                   say
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Grecians
                   both
                   for
                   his
                   kind
                   and
                   gentle
                   Disposition
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   that
                   what
                   he
                   said
                   ,
                   shortly
                   after
                   befel
                   *
                   Polycrates
                   .
                
                 
                   Darius
                   ,
                   the
                   Father
                   of
                   Xerxes
                   ,
                   is
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   sixth
                   who
                   made
                   Laws
                   for
                   the
                   Government
                   of
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   .
                   For
                   with
                   Hatred
                   and
                   Abhorrence
                   of
                   the
                   Impiety
                   Cambyses
                   his
                   Predecessor
                   for
                   his
                   prophaning
                   of
                   the
                   Temples
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   he
                   made
                   it
                   his
                   Business
                   to
                   approve
                   his
                   reverend
                   Regard
                   towards
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   Kindness
                   towards
                   Men
                   ;
                   for
                   the
                   familiarly
                   convers'd
                   with
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Priests
                   ,
                   and
                   learnt
                   their
                   Theology
                   ,
                   and
                   acquainted
                   himself
                   with
                   the
                   Things
                   and
                   Transactions
                   recorded
                   in
                   their
                   Sacred
                   Registers
                   ,
                   whereby
                   he
                   came
                   to
                   understand
                   the
                   Heroic
                   Spirits
                   of
                   the
                   Ancient
                   Kings
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   Kindness
                   towards
                   their
                   Subjects
                   ,
                   which
                   caused
                   him
                   to
                   imitate
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   like
                   ,
                   and
                   upon
                   that
                   Account
                   he
                   was
                   so
                   highly
                   honour'd
                   amongst
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   while
                   he
                   was
                   alive
                   he
                   gain'd
                   the
                   Title
                   of
                   a
                   GOD
                   ,
                   which
                   none
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   Kings
                   ever
                   did
                   ;
                   and
                   when
                   he
                   was
                   dead
                   ,
                   the
                   People
                   allow'd
                   him
                   all
                   those
                   Ancient
                   Honours
                   due
                   and
                   accustom'd
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   to
                   the
                   former
                   Kings
                   of
                   Egypt
                   after
                   their
                   Deaths
                   .
                   And
                   these
                   are
                   the
                   Men
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   who
                   compos'd
                   the
                   Laws
                   of
                   Egypt
                   that
                   are
                   so
                   celebrated
                   and
                   cry'd
                   up
                   amongst
                   other
                   People
                   .
                   
                   But
                   in
                   After-times
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   many
                   of
                   their
                   excellent
                   Laws
                   were
                   abrogated
                   by
                   the
                   Macedonians
                   ,
                   who
                   came
                   to
                   be
                   Lords
                   and
                   Kings
                   of
                   EGYPT
                   .
                
                 
                   Having
                   now
                   given
                   an
                   Account
                   of
                   these
                   Things
                   ,
                   it
                   remains
                   we
                   should
                   declare
                   
                   how
                   many
                   wise
                   and
                   learned
                   Men
                   among
                   the
                   Grecians
                   journey'd
                   into
                   Egypt
                   in
                   Ancient
                   Times
                   ,
                   to
                   understand
                   the
                   Laws
                   and
                   Sciences
                   of
                   the
                   Country
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Priests
                   out
                   of
                   their
                   Sacred
                   Records
                   relate
                   ,
                   that
                   
                     Orpheus
                     ,
                     Musaeus
                     ,
                     Melampodes
                     ,
                     Daedalus
                     ,
                     Homer
                  
                   the
                   Poet
                   ,
                   Lycurgus
                   the
                   
                     Spartan
                     ,
                     Solon
                  
                   the
                   
                     Athenian
                     ,
                     Plato
                  
                   the
                   Philosopher
                   ,
                   Pythagoras
                   the
                   
                     Samian
                     ,
                     Eudoxus
                  
                   the
                   
                     Mathematician
                     ,
                     Democritus
                  
                   the
                   Abderite
                   ,
                   and
                   Oenopides
                   the
                   Chian
                   ,
                   all
                   came
                   to
                   them
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   shew
                   certain
                   Marks
                   and
                   Signs
                   of
                   all
                   these
                   being
                   there
                   .
                   Of
                   some
                   by
                   their
                   Pictures
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   others
                   by
                   the
                   Names
                   of
                   Places
                   ,
                   or
                   Pieces
                   of
                   Work
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   call'd
                   after
                   their
                   Names
                   .
                   And
                   they
                   bring
                   Arguments
                   from
                   every
                   Trade
                   that
                   is
                   us'd
                   ,
                   to
                   prove
                   that
                   every
                   thing
                   wherein
                   the
                   Grecians
                   excel
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   which
                   they
                   are
                   admir'd
                   ,
                   was
                   brought
                   over
                   from
                   Egypt
                   into
                   Greece
                   .
                   For
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   Orpheus
                   brought
                   over
                   most
                   of
                   the
                   Religious
                   Rites
                   and
                   Ceremonies
                   ,
                   both
                   as
                   to
                   what
                   concerns
                   the
                   Celebration
                   of
                   the
                   Orgia
                   ,
                   and
                   relating
                   to
                   his
                   wandring
                   up
                   and
                   down
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   whole
                   intire
                   Fable
                   of
                   Hell
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   the
                   Ceremonies
                   and
                   Rites
                   of
                   Osiris
                   agree
                   in
                   every
                   thing
                   with
                   those
                   of
                   Bacchus
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   those
                   of
                   Isis
                   and
                   Ceres
                   are
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   ,
                   differing
                   in
                   nothing
                   but
                   the
                   Name
                   .
                   And
                   whereas
                   he
                   introduces
                   the
                   wicked
                   tormented
                   in
                   Hell
                   ,
                   the
                   Elysian
                   Fields
                   for
                   the
                   pious
                   and
                   just
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   fictitious
                   Appearances
                   of
                   Ghosts
                   (
                   commonly
                   nois'd
                   abroad
                   )
                   they
                   say
                   he
                   has
                   done
                   nothing
                   but
                   imitated
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Funerals
                   .
                   And
                   that
                   the
                   feigning
                   of
                   Mercury
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Conductor
                   of
                   Souls
                   ,
                   was
                   deriv'd
                   from
                   the
                   old
                   Egyptian
                   Custom
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   who
                   brought
                   back
                   the
                   dead
                   Body
                   of
                   Apis
                   (
                   when
                   he
                   came
                   to
                   the
                   Place
                   )
                   deliver'd
                   it
                   to
                   him
                   who
                   represented
                   Cerberus
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   communicated
                   by
                   Orpheus
                   to
                   the
                   
                     Greeks
                     ,
                     Homer
                  
                   in
                   Imitation
                   of
                   him
                   inserted
                   it
                   in
                   his
                   Poem
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     Cyllenius
                     leads
                     to
                     the
                     infernal
                     Strand
                     ,
                     
                  
                   
                     The
                     Hero's
                     Ghost
                     arm'd
                     with
                     his
                     golden
                     Wand
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   And
                   then
                   he
                   adds
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     They
                     reach
                     th'
                     Effluxes
                     of
                     the
                     *
                     swelling
                     Seas
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Then
                     
                     Leuca's
                     rock
                     ;
                     thence
                     on
                     their
                     Course
                     they
                     keep
                  
                   
                     To
                     the
                     Sun's
                     Portals
                     and
                     the
                     Land
                     of
                     Sleep
                     ,
                  
                   
                     When
                     streight
                     they
                     come
                     into
                     a
                     flowry
                     Mead
                     ,
                  
                   
                     Where
                     after
                     Death
                     departed
                     Souls
                     reside
                     .
                  
                
                 
                   The
                   Name
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   of
                   Oceanus
                   here
                   mention'd
                   is
                   attributed
                   to
                   the
                   River
                   Nile
                   ,
                   for
                   so
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   in
                   their
                   own
                   Language
                   call
                   it
                   ;
                   by
                   the
                   Sun's
                   Portals
                   is
                   meant
                   Heliopolis
                   ;
                   the
                   Meadow
                   feign'd
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Habitation
                   of
                   the
                   dead
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   is
                   the
                   Place
                   bordering
                   upon
                   the
                   Lake
                   call'd
                   Acherusia
                   ,
                   near
                   to
                   Memphis
                   ,
                   surrounded
                   with
                   pleasant
                   Ponds
                   and
                   Meadows
                   ,
                   with
                   Woods
                   and
                   Groves
                   of
                   Lotus
                   and
                   sweet
                   Canes
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   therefore
                   he
                   feign'd
                   those
                   Places
                   to
                   be
                   inhabited
                   by
                   the
                   dead
                   ,
                   because
                   that
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   Egyptian
                   Funerals
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   as
                   were
                   the
                   most
                   considerable
                   were
                   there
                   ;
                   the
                   dead
                   Bodies
                   being
                   carry'd
                   over
                   the
                   River
                   and
                   the
                   Lake
                   Acherusia
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   interr'd
                   .
                   And
                   that
                   other
                   Fictions
                   among
                   the
                   Grecians
                   concerning
                   Hell
                   agree
                   with
                   those
                   things
                   that
                   are
                   done
                   in
                   Egypt
                   even
                   at
                   this
                   day
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   Ship
                   which
                   transports
                   the
                   dead
                   Bodies
                   is
                   call'd
                   Baris
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   for
                   the
                   Fare
                   an
                   Half-penny
                   is
                   paid
                   to
                   the
                   Ferryman
                   ,
                   who
                   is
                   call'd
                   in
                   their
                   own
                   Country
                   Language
                   ,
                   Charon
                   .
                   They
                   say
                   likewise
                   ,
                   that
                   near
                   to
                   these
                   Places
                   is
                   the
                   Temple
                   of
                   black
                   Hecates
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Gates
                   of
                   Cocytus
                   and
                   Lethe
                   ,
                   made
                   up
                   with
                   brazen
                   Bars
                   ;
                   and
                   besides
                   these
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   is
                   another
                   Gate
                   of
                   Truth
                   ,
                   next
                   to
                   which
                   stands
                   the
                   headless
                   Image
                   of
                   Justice
                   .
                   There
                   are
                   many
                   others
                   of
                   these
                   Grecian
                   Fictions
                   remaining
                   still
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   which
                   both
                   in
                   Name
                   and
                   Practice
                   continue
                   there
                   to
                   this
                   day
                   .
                   For
                   in
                   the
                   City
                   of
                   Acanthus
                   ,
                   beyond
                   Nile
                   towards
                   Lybia
                   ,
                   about
                   *
                   an
                   hundred
                   and
                   twenty
                   Furlongs
                   from
                   Memphis
                   stands
                   an
                   Hogshead
                   full
                   of
                   Holes
                   ,
                   into
                   which
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   three
                   hundred
                   Priests
                   every
                   day
                   pour
                   in
                   Water
                   carried
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   River
                   Nile
                   .
                   The
                   †
                   Fable
                   likewise
                   of
                   the
                   Ass
                   is
                   acted
                   at
                   a
                   solemn
                   Festival
                   not
                   far
                   from
                   thence
                   ,
                   where
                   a
                   Man
                   is
                   twisting
                   a
                   long
                   Rope
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   that
                   follow
                   him
                   are
                   as
                   fast
                   undoing
                   what
                   he
                   had
                   before
                   wrought
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   The
                   Egyptians
                   further
                   say
                   ,
                   That
                   Melampodes
                   brought
                   into
                   Greece
                   the
                   Rites
                   and
                   Solemnities
                   of
                   Bacchus
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   fabulous
                   Story
                   of
                   Saturn
                   and
                   the
                   Titans
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   intire
                   History
                   of
                   the
                   Sufferings
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   out
                   of
                   Egypt
                   .
                   And
                   they
                   say
                   that
                   Dedalus
                   imitated
                   the
                   Labyrinth
                   there
                   ,
                   which
                   remains
                   to
                   this
                   very
                   Day
                   ,
                   built
                   at
                   first
                   by
                   Mendes
                   ,
                   or
                   (
                   as
                   some
                   report
                   )
                   by
                   King
                   Marus
                   ,
                   many
                   Years
                   before
                   the
                   Reign
                   of
                   Minos
                   .
                   They
                   affirm
                   likewise
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   ancient
                   Statues
                   of
                   Egypt
                   are
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   size
                   and
                   proportion
                   with
                   those
                   set
                   up
                   by
                   Dedalus
                   in
                   Greece
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   stately
                   Porch
                   of
                   Vulcan
                   in
                   Memphis
                   ,
                   was
                   the
                   handy-work
                   of
                   Dedalus
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   in
                   such
                   high
                   Esteem
                   among
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   plac'd
                   his
                   Statue
                   of
                   Wood
                   (
                   made
                   by
                   his
                   own
                   Hands
                   )
                   in
                   the
                   Temple
                   ;
                   whom
                   at
                   length
                   for
                   his
                   Ingenuity
                   and
                   excellent
                   Inventions
                   ,
                   they
                   honour'd
                   as
                   a
                   God
                   ;
                   for
                   in
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Islands
                   belonging
                   to
                   Memphis
                   ,
                   a
                   Temple
                   dedicated
                   to
                   Dedalus
                   is
                   resorted
                   unto
                   by
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   at
                   this
                   day
                   .
                
                 
                   That
                   Homer
                   came
                   into
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   amongst
                   other
                   Arguments
                   ,
                   they
                   endeavour
                   to
                   prove
                   it
                   especially
                   by
                   the
                   Potion
                   Helen
                   gave
                   Telemachus
                   (
                   in
                   the
                   Story
                   of
                   Menelaus
                   )
                   to
                   cause
                   him
                   to
                   forget
                   all
                   his
                   Sorrows
                   past
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   Poet
                   seems
                   to
                   have
                   made
                   an
                   exact
                   Experiment
                   of
                   the
                   Potion
                   Nepenthes
                   ,
                   which
                   he
                   says
                   Helen
                   receiv'd
                   from
                   Polymnestes
                   the
                   Wife
                   of
                   Thonus
                   ,
                   and
                   brought
                   it
                   from
                   Thebes
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ;
                   and
                   indeed
                   in
                   that
                   City
                   even
                   at
                   this
                   Day
                   ,
                   the
                   Women
                   use
                   this
                   Medicine
                   with
                   good
                   success
                   :
                   And
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   ancient
                   Times
                   ,
                   the
                   Medicine
                   for
                   the
                   Cure
                   of
                   Anger
                   and
                   Sorrow
                   ,
                   was
                   only
                   to
                   be
                   found
                   among
                   the
                   
                     Diopolitans
                     ;
                     Thebes
                  
                   and
                   Diospolis
                   being
                   by
                   them
                   affirm'd
                   to
                   be
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   City
                   .
                   And
                   that
                   Venus
                   from
                   an
                   ancient
                   Tradition
                   ,
                   is
                   call'd
                   by
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   ,
                   
                     Golden
                     Venus
                  
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   there
                   is
                   a
                   Field
                   so
                   call'd
                   ,
                   within
                   the
                   Liberties
                   of
                   Memphis
                   :
                   And
                   that
                   Homer
                   deriv'd
                   from
                   Egypt
                   his
                   Story
                   of
                   the
                   Embraces
                   between
                   Jupiter
                   and
                   Juno
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   Travelling
                   into
                   Ethiopia
                   ;
                   because
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   every
                   Year
                   carry
                   
                   Jupiter's
                   Tabernacle
                   over
                   the
                   River
                   into
                   Africa
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   few
                   Days
                   after
                   bring
                   it
                   back
                   again
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   the
                   God
                   had
                   return'd
                   out
                   of
                   Ethiopia
                   :
                   And
                   that
                   the
                   Fiction
                   of
                   the
                   Nuptials
                   of
                   these
                   Two
                   Deities
                   was
                   taken
                   from
                   the
                   Solemnization
                   of
                   their
                   Festivals
                   ,
                   at
                   which
                   time
                   both
                   their
                   Tabernacles
                   adorn'd
                   with
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Flowers
                   ,
                   are
                   carry'd
                   by
                   the
                   Priests
                   to
                   the
                   Top
                   of
                   a
                   Mountain
                   .
                   To
                   these
                   they
                   add
                   ,
                   that
                   
                     Lycurgus
                     ,
                     Solon
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Plato
                   borrow'd
                   from
                   Egypt
                   many
                   of
                   those
                   Laws
                   which
                   they
                   establish'd
                   in
                   their
                   several
                   Commonwealths
                   .
                   And
                   that
                   Pythagoras
                   learnt
                   his
                   mysterious
                   and
                   sacred
                   Expressions
                   ,
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   
                     Geometry
                     ,
                     Arithmetick
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Transmigration
                   of
                   Souls
                   ,
                   in
                   Egypt
                   .
                   They
                   are
                   of
                   Opinion
                   likewise
                   ,
                   that
                   Democrates
                   was
                   Five
                   Years
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   that
                   time
                   much
                   improv'd
                   himself
                   in
                   the
                   Art
                   of
                   Astrology
                   .
                   So
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   thet
                   Oenopides
                   by
                   his
                   familiar
                   Converse
                   with
                   the
                   Priests
                   and
                   Astrologers
                   ,
                   amongst
                   other
                   Advantages
                   ,
                   gain'd
                   especially
                   the
                   Knowledge
                   of
                   the
                   Periodical
                   Motion
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ;
                   and
                   came
                   to
                   know
                   that
                   his
                   Course
                   is
                   contrary
                   to
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   Stars
                   :
                   And
                   that
                   Eudoxus
                   likewise
                   by
                   studying
                   Astrology
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   left
                   many
                   useful
                   Monuments
                   of
                   his
                   Art
                   behind
                   him
                   in
                   Greece
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   his
                   Name
                   was
                   famous
                   .
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   they
                   say
                   that
                   the
                   most
                   famous
                   *
                   Statuaries
                   of
                   ancient
                   Time
                   liv'd
                   amongst
                   them
                   for
                   some
                   time
                   ,
                   as
                   Telecles
                   and
                   Theodorus
                   ,
                   the
                   Sons
                   of
                   Rhaecus
                   ,
                   who
                   made
                   the
                   Statue
                   of
                   
                     Apollo
                     Pythius
                  
                   in
                   Samos
                   ;
                   for
                   it
                   s
                   said
                   ,
                   that
                   one
                   half
                   of
                   this
                   Statue
                   was
                   made
                   by
                   Telecles
                   in
                   Samos
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   part
                   was
                   finish'd
                   by
                   Theodorus
                   in
                   Ephesus
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   there
                   was
                   such
                   an
                   exact
                   Symmetry
                   of
                   Parts
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   whole
                   seemed
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Work
                   of
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   hand
                   :
                   Which
                   Art
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   the
                   Grecians
                   were
                   not
                   at
                   all
                   acquainted
                   with
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   it
                   was
                   in
                   frequent
                   use
                   among
                   the
                   Egyptians
                   .
                   For
                   with
                   them
                   the
                   exact
                   Cut
                   of
                   a
                   Statue
                   is
                   not
                   judg'd
                   of
                   by
                   the
                   Eye
                   and
                   Fancy
                   (
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   by
                   the
                   Greeks
                   )
                   but
                   after
                   that
                   they
                   have
                   cut
                   out
                   the
                   Stone
                   ,
                   and
                   wrought
                   every
                   part
                   by
                   it self
                   ,
                   then
                   they
                   measure
                   the
                   exact
                   proportion
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   ,
                   from
                   the
                   least
                   Stone
                   to
                   the
                   greatest
                   .
                   For
                   they
                   divide
                   the
                   whole
                   Body
                   into
                   One
                   and
                   Twenty
                   Parts
                   ,
                   and
                   One
                   Fourth
                   ,
                   which
                   makes
                   up
                   the
                   Symmetry
                   and
                   intire
                   proportion
                   .
                   Upon
                   which
                   ,
                   after
                   the
                   Workmen
                   have
                   agreed
                   among
                   themselves
                   of
                   the
                   bigness
                   of
                   the
                   Statue
                   ,
                   they
                   go
                   away
                   ,
                   and
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   them
                   carve
                   their
                   several
                   Parts
                   so
                   exactly
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   their
                   just
                   Proportions
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   singular
                   skill
                   of
                   these
                   Workmen
                   is
                   wonderful
                   and
                   amazing
                   .
                   And
                   thus
                   the
                   †
                   Statue
                   in
                   Sainos
                   which
                   (
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Art
                   and
                   Skill
                   in
                   Egypt
                   )
                   was
                   cut
                   in
                   Two
                   from
                   the
                   Head
                   to
                   the
                   Privities
                   exactly
                   in
                   the
                   middle
                   ,
                   yet
                   notwithstanding
                   was
                   equally
                   proportion'd
                   in
                   every
                   part
                   .
                   And
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   exactly
                   resembles
                   the
                   Statues
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   having
                   its
                   Hands
                   stretcht
                   out
                   ,
                   and
                   its
                   Thighs
                   in
                   a
                   walking
                   Posture
                   .
                   But
                   we
                   have
                   
                   now
                   said
                   enough
                   of
                   such
                   things
                   as
                   are
                   remarkable
                   and
                   worthy
                   of
                   memory
                   in
                   Egypt
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   next
                   Book
                   (
                   according
                   to
                   what
                   we
                   purpos'd
                   in
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   this
                   )
                   we
                   shall
                   give
                   an
                   account
                   of
                   things
                   done
                   elsewhere
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   other
                   Fables
                   and
                   Srories
                   ,
                   beginning
                   with
                   the
                   Actions
                   of
                   the
                   Assyrians
                   in
                   Asia
                   .
                
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               THE
               Historical
               Library
               OF
               
                 Diodorus
                 the
                 Sicilian
              
               .
               BOOK
               II.
               
            
             
               
                 The
                 PREFACE
                 .
              
               
                 
                   THE
                   Former
                   Book
                   (
                   being
                   the
                   First
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   )
                   contains
                   the
                   Affairs
                   of
                
                 Egypt
                 ;
                 
                   among
                   which
                   are
                   related
                   what
                   is
                   fabulously
                   reported
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   of
                
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   what
                   strange
                   and
                   wonderful
                   Accounts
                   are
                   given
                   of
                   the
                   Nature
                   of
                
                 Nile
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   other
                   things
                   concerning
                   that
                   River
                   .
                   We
                   have
                   spoken
                   there
                   likewise
                   of
                   the
                   Land
                   of
                
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 
                   their
                   ancient
                   Kings
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   several
                   Actions
                   ;
                   and
                   have
                   added
                   the
                   Building
                   of
                   the
                
                 Pyramids
                 ,
                 
                   reckon'd
                   amongst
                   the
                   Seven
                   Wonders
                   of
                   the
                   World.
                   We
                   have
                   likewise
                   set
                   forth
                   their
                   Laws
                   and
                   Courts
                   of
                   Justice
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   strange
                   Adoration
                   of
                   Beasts
                   in
                
                 Egypt
                 .
                 
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   their
                   Burials
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                
                 Greeks
                 
                   that
                   were
                   famous
                   for
                   Learning
                   ,
                   and
                   travell'd
                   into
                
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   brought
                   over
                   from
                   thence
                   many
                   useful
                   and
                   profitable
                   Arts
                   and
                   Sciences
                   into
                
                 Greece
                 .
                 
                   In
                   this
                   next
                   Book
                   we
                   shall
                   describe
                   the
                   things
                   done
                   in
                
                 Asia
                 
                   in
                   ancient
                   times
                   ,
                   beginning
                   with
                   the
                
                 Assyrian
                 Empire
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Ninus
                   the
                   First
                   King
                   of
                   Assyria
                   :
                   His
                   Acts
                   :
                   He
                   invades
                   
                     Babylonia
                     ,
                     Media
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   overruns
                   several
                   other
                   Countries
                   .
                   Nineve
                   built
                   by
                   him
                   ;
                   the
                   Description
                   of
                   it
                   ;
                   Marries
                   Semiramis
                   ;
                   her
                   Descent
                   .
                   Derceta
                   the
                   Philistines
                   Dagon
                   .
                   His
                   Expedition
                   against
                   Bactria
                   ;
                   he
                   dies
                   .
                   Semiramis
                   builds
                   Babylon
                   ,
                   and
                   several
                   strange
                   Works
                   there
                   ;
                   as
                   a
                   Passage
                   under
                   Water
                   ,
                   
                   Jupiter's
                   Temple
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   Hanging
                   Gardens
                   in
                   Babylon
                   .
                   A
                   vast
                   Stone
                   cut
                   out
                   .
                   The
                   strange
                   property
                   of
                   a
                   Morass
                   .
                   Her
                   several
                   Expeditions
                   .
                   The
                   wonderful
                   Lake
                   in
                   Ethiopia
                   ;
                   their
                   Burials
                   there
                   .
                   
                   Semiramis's
                   Expedition
                   into
                   India
                   :
                   Her
                   mock
                   Elephants
                   .
                   Her
                   Expedition
                   proves
                   fruitless
                   .
                   She
                   surrenders
                   her
                   Kingdom
                   to
                   Ninyas
                   her
                   Son
                   ;
                   her
                   End.
                   
                
              
               
                 ASIA
                 was
                 anciently
                 govern'd
                 by
                 its
                 own
                 Native
                 Kings
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 History
                 extant
                 ,
                 either
                 as
                 to
                 any
                 memorable
                 Actions
                 they
                 perform'd
                 ,
                 or
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 to
                 their
                 Names
                 .
              
               
               
                 Ninus
                 is
                 the
                 First
                 King
                 of
                 Assyria
                 that
                 is
                 recorded
                 in
                 History
                 ;
                 
                 he
                 perform'd
                 many
                 great
                 and
                 noble
                 Actions
                 ;
                 of
                 whom
                 we
                 have
                 design'd
                 to
                 set
                 forth
                 something
                 particularly
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 was
                 naturally
                 of
                 a
                 Warlike
                 Disposition
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 ambitious
                 of
                 Honour
                 and
                 Glory
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 caus'd
                 the
                 strongest
                 of
                 his
                 Young
                 Men
                 to
                 be
                 train'd
                 up
                 in
                 Martial
                 Discipline
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 long
                 and
                 continual
                 Exercise
                 inur'd
                 them
                 readily
                 to
                 undergo
                 all
                 the
                 Toyls
                 and
                 Hazards
                 of
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 Having
                 therefore
                 rais'd
                 a
                 gallant
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 Arieus
                 King
                 of
                 Arabia
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 full
                 of
                 strong
                 and
                 valiant
                 Men.
                 For
                 that
                 Nation
                 are
                 constant
                 Lovers
                 of
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 never
                 upon
                 any
                 Terms
                 admitting
                 of
                 any
                 Foreign
                 Prince
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 neither
                 the
                 Persian
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 Kings
                 after
                 them
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 most
                 powerful
                 in
                 Arms
                 )
                 were
                 ever
                 able
                 to
                 conquer
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 Arabia
                 being
                 partly
                 Desart
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 parcht
                 up
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Water
                 (
                 unless
                 it
                 be
                 in
                 some
                 secret
                 Wells
                 and
                 Pits
                 known
                 only
                 to
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 )
                 cannot
                 be
                 subdu'd
                 by
                 any
                 Foreign
                 Force
                 .
              
               
                 Ninus
                 therefore
                 ,
                 the
                 Assyrian
                 King
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 Arabia
                 his
                 Assistant
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 numerous
                 Army
                 ,
                 invaded
                 the
                 Babylonians
                 ,
                 then
                 next
                 bordering
                 upon
                 him
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Babylon
                 that
                 is
                 now
                 ,
                 was
                 not
                 built
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Babylon
                 had
                 in
                 it
                 then
                 many
                 other
                 considerable
                 Cities
                 ,
                 whose
                 Inhabitants
                 he
                 easily
                 subdu'd
                 ,
                 (
                 being
                 rude
                 and
                 unexpert
                 in
                 Matters
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 impos'd
                 upon
                 them
                 a
                 Yearly
                 Tribute
                 ;
                 but
                 carried
                 away
                 the
                 King
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Children
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 put
                 them
                 to
                 Death
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 entred
                 Armenia
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 overthrown
                 some
                 Cities
                 ,
                 he
                 struck
                 Terror
                 into
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 their
                 King
                 Barzanus
                 seeing
                 himself
                 unable
                 to
                 deal
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 met
                 him
                 with
                 many
                 rich
                 Presents
                 ,
                 and
                 submitted
                 himself
                 ;
                 whom
                 Ninus
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 generous
                 dissition
                 ,
                 courteously
                 receiv'd
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 him
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Armenia
                 ,
                 upon
                 condition
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 his
                 Friend
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 ,
                 and
                 supply
                 him
                 with
                 Men
                 and
                 Provision
                 for
                 his
                 Wars
                 as
                 he
                 should
                 have
                 occasion
                 .
              
               
                 Being
                 thus
                 strengthen'd
                 ,
                 he
                 invaded
                 Media
                 ,
                 whose
                 King
                 Pharnus
                 coming
                 out
                 against
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 mighty
                 Army
                 ,
                 was
                 utterly
                 routed
                 ,
                 and
                 lost
                 most
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 taken
                 Prisoner
                 with
                 his
                 Wife
                 and
                 Seven
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 Crucified
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Ninus
                 being
                 thus
                 successful
                 and
                 prosperous
                 ,
                 his
                 Ambition
                 rose
                 the
                 higher
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 desire
                 most
                 ardent
                 to
                 conquer
                 all
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 which
                 lay
                 between
                 Tanais
                 and
                 Nile
                 ;
                 (
                 so
                 far
                 does
                 Prosperity
                 and
                 Excess
                 in
                 getting
                 much
                 ,
                 inflame
                 the
                 Desire
                 to
                 gain
                 and
                 compass
                 more
                 .
                 )
                 In
                 order
                 hereunto
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Media
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 marcht
                 against
                 the
                 other
                 Provinces
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 subdu'd
                 them
                 all
                 in
                 Seventeen
                 Years
                 time
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 Indians
                 and
                 Bactrians
                 .
                 But
                 no
                 Writer
                 has
                 given
                 any
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 several
                 
                 Battels
                 he
                 fought
                 ,
                 nor
                 of
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 those
                 Nations
                 he
                 conquer'd
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 following
                 Ctesias
                 the
                 Cnidian
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 only
                 briefly
                 run
                 over
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 and
                 considerable
                 Countries
                 .
                 He
                 over-ran
                 all
                 the
                 Countries
                 bordering
                 upon
                 the
                 *
                 Sea
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 adjoining
                 Continent
                 ,
                 as
                 Egypt
                 and
                 
                   Phenicia
                   ,
                   Celo-Syria
                   ,
                   Cilicia
                   ,
                   Pamphylia
                   ,
                   Lycia
                   ,
                   Caria
                   ,
                   Phrygia
                   ,
                   Mysia
                
                 and
                 Lydia
                 ;
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Troas
                 and
                 Phrygia
                 upon
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 
                   Propontis
                   ,
                   Bithynia
                   ,
                   Cappadocia
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Barbarous
                 Nations
                 adjoyning
                 upon
                 Pontus
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 Tanais
                 ;
                 he
                 gain'd
                 likewise
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Caddusians
                   ,
                   Tarpyrians
                   ,
                   Hyrcanians
                   ,
                   Dacians
                   ,
                   Derbians
                   ,
                   Carmanians
                   ,
                   Choroneans
                   ,
                   Borchanians
                
                 and
                 Parthians
                 .
                 He
                 pierc'd
                 likewise
                 into
                 Persia
                 ,
                 the
                 Provinces
                 of
                 Susiana
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 call'd
                 Caspiana
                 ,
                 through
                 those
                 narrow
                 Straits
                 ,
                 which
                 from
                 thence
                 are
                 call'd
                 the
                 Caspian
                 Gates
                 .
                 He
                 subdu'd
                 likewise
                 many
                 other
                 less
                 considerable
                 Nations
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 too
                 tedious
                 here
                 to
                 recount
                 .
                 After
                 much
                 toyl
                 and
                 labour
                 in
                 vain
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 difficulty
                 of
                 the
                 Passes
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 those
                 Warlike
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 put
                 off
                 his
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Bactrians
                 to
                 another
                 opportunity
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 marcht
                 back
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Syria
                 ,
                 he
                 markt
                 out
                 a
                 Place
                 for
                 the
                 building
                 of
                 a
                 stately
                 City
                 :
                 For
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 surpast
                 all
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 in
                 the
                 glory
                 and
                 success
                 of
                 his
                 Arms
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 build
                 one
                 of
                 that
                 state
                 and
                 grandeur
                 ,
                 as
                 should
                 not
                 only
                 be
                 the
                 greatest
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 but
                 such
                 as
                 none
                 that
                 ever
                 should
                 come
                 after
                 him
                 should
                 be
                 able
                 easily
                 to
                 exceed
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 King
                 of
                 Arabia
                 he
                 sent
                 back
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 with
                 many
                 rich
                 Spoils
                 ,
                 and
                 noble
                 Gifts
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 himself
                 having
                 got
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 
                 of
                 his
                 Forces
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 provided
                 Mony
                 and
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 purpose
                 ,
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 near
                 the
                 River
                 Euphrates
                 ,
                 very
                 famous
                 for
                 its
                 
                 Walls
                 and
                 Fortifications
                 ;
                 of
                 a
                 long
                 Form
                 ;
                 for
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 it
                 ran
                 out
                 in
                 length
                 above
                 *
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Furlongs
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Two
                 lesser
                 Angles
                 were
                 only
                 Ninety
                 Furlongs
                 apiece
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Circumference
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 was
                 †
                 Four
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fourscore
                 Furlongs
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Founder
                 was
                 not
                 herein
                 deceived
                 ,
                 for
                 none
                 ever
                 after
                 built
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 either
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 largeness
                 of
                 its
                 Circumference
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 stateliness
                 of
                 its
                 Walls
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Wall
                 was
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Foot
                 in
                 Height
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 broad
                 as
                 Three
                 Chariots
                 might
                 be
                 driven
                 together
                 upon
                 it
                 in
                 breast
                 :
                 There
                 were
                 Fifteen
                 Hundred
                 Turrets
                 upon
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Foot
                 high
                 .
                 He
                 appointed
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 be
                 inhabited
                 chiefly
                 by
                 the
                 richest
                 Assyrians
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 liberty
                 to
                 People
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 Nation
                 ,
                 (
                 to
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 would
                 )
                 to
                 dwell
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 allow'd
                 to
                 the
                 Citizens
                 a
                 large
                 Territory
                 next
                 adjoining
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 the
                 City
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 *
                 Ninus
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 finish'd
                 his
                 Work
                 here
                 ,
                 he
                 marcht
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 Bactrians
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 marry'd
                 Semiramis
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 so
                 famous
                 above
                 any
                 of
                 her
                 Sex
                 (
                 as
                 in
                 History
                 it
                 is
                 related
                 )
                 we
                 cannot
                 but
                 say
                 something
                 of
                 her
                 here
                 in
                 this
                 Place
                 ,
                 being
                 one
                 advanc'd
                 from
                 so
                 low
                 a
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 state
                 and
                 degree
                 of
                 Honour
                 and
                 Worldly
                 Glory
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 's
                 a
                 City
                 in
                 Syria
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Ascalon
                 ,
                 near
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 deep
                 Lake
                 abounding
                 
                 with
                 Fish
                 ,
                 where
                 not
                 far
                 off
                 stands
                 a
                 Temple
                 dedicated
                 to
                 a
                 famous
                 Goddess
                 call'd
                 by
                 the
                 Syrians
                 †
                 Derceto
                 ,
                 she
                 represents
                 a
                 Woman
                 in
                 her
                 Face
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Fish
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 parts
                 of
                 her
                 Body
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 following
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 most
                 Judicious
                 among
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 report
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 Venus
                 being
                 angry
                 at
                 this
                 Goddess
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 her
                 to
                 fall
                 into
                 a
                 vehement
                 pang
                 of
                 Love
                 with
                 a
                 beautiful
                 Young
                 Man
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 among
                 others
                 sacrificing
                 to
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 got
                 with
                 Child
                 by
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 to
                 Bed
                 of
                 a
                 Daughter
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 asham'd
                 afterwards
                 of
                 what
                 she
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 she
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Young
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 expos'd
                 the
                 Child
                 among
                 Rocks
                 in
                 the
                 Desert
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 Sorrow
                 and
                 Shame
                 cast
                 her self
                 into
                 the
                 Lake
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 afterwards
                 transform'd
                 into
                 a
                 Fish
                 ;
                 whence
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 this
                 very
                 Day
                 the
                 Syrians
                 eat
                 no
                 Fish
                 ,
                 but
                 adore
                 them
                 as
                 Gods.
                 They
                 say
                 that
                 the
                 Infant
                 that
                 was
                 expos'd
                 ,
                 was
                 both
                 preserv'd
                 and
                 nourish'd
                 by
                 a
                 most
                 wonderful
                 Providence
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 means
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Flock
                 of
                 Pigeons
                 that
                 nestled
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 the
                 Child
                 lay
                 :
                 For
                 with
                 their
                 Wings
                 they
                 cherisht
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 kept
                 it
                 warm
                 ;
                 and
                 observing
                 where
                 the
                 Herdsmen
                 and
                 other
                 Shepherds
                 left
                 their
                 Milk
                 in
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Cottages
                 ,
                 took
                 it
                 up
                 in
                 their
                 Bills
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 so
                 many
                 Nurses
                 thrust
                 their
                 Beaks
                 between
                 the
                 Infants
                 Lips
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 instil'd
                 the
                 Milk
                 :
                 And
                 when
                 the
                 Child
                 was
                 a
                 Year
                 old
                 ,
                 and
                 stood
                 in
                 need
                 of
                 stronger
                 Nourishment
                 ,
                 the
                 Pigeons
                 fed
                 it
                 with
                 pieces
                 of
                 Cheese
                 which
                 they
                 pickt
                 out
                 from
                 the
                 rest
                 :
                 When
                 the
                 Shepherds
                 return'd
                 ,
                 and
                 found
                 their
                 Cheeses
                 pickt
                 round
                 ,
                 they
                 wondred
                 (
                 at
                 first
                 )
                 at
                 the
                 thing
                 ;
                 but
                 observing
                 afterward
                 how
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 they
                 not
                 only
                 found
                 out
                 the
                 cause
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 a
                 very
                 beautiful
                 Child
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 forthwith
                 carry'd
                 away
                 to
                 their
                 Cottages
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 Present
                 of
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 's
                 Superintendent
                 of
                 his
                 Flocks
                 and
                 Herds
                 (
                 whose
                 Name
                 was
                 Simma
                 )
                 who
                 (
                 having
                 no
                 Children
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 )
                 carefully
                 bred
                 up
                 the
                 Young
                 Lady
                 as
                 if
                 she
                 had
                 been
                 his
                 own
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 her
                 Semiramis
                 ,
                 a
                 denomination
                 in
                 the
                 Syrian
                 Language
                 deriv'd
                 from
                 Pigeons
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Syrians
                 ever
                 after
                 ador'd
                 for
                 Goddesses
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 Stories
                 told
                 of
                 Semiramis
                 .
              
               
                 Being
                 now
                 grown
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 exceeding
                 all
                 others
                 of
                 her
                 Sex
                 for
                 the
                 Charms
                 of
                 her
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 's
                 great
                 Officers
                 call'd
                 Menon
                 ,
                 was
                 sent
                 to
                 take
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 Herds
                 and
                 Flocks
                 :
                 This
                 Man
                 was
                 Lord
                 President
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Council
                 ,
                 and
                 chief
                 Governor
                 of
                 Syria
                 ,
                 and
                 lodging
                 upon
                 this
                 occasion
                 at
                 
                 Simma's
                 House
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 Semiramis
                 ,
                 fell
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 much
                 intreaty
                 obtain'd
                 her
                 from
                 Simma
                 ,
                 and
                 carried
                 her
                 away
                 with
                 him
                 to
                 Ninive
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 Marry'd
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 by
                 her
                 Two
                 Sons
                 ,
                 Hypates
                 and
                 Hydaspes
                 :
                 And
                 being
                 a
                 Woman
                 of
                 admirable
                 Parts
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 her
                 Husband
                 was
                 altogether
                 at
                 her
                 Devotion
                 ,
                 and
                 never
                 would
                 do
                 any
                 thing
                 without
                 her
                 Advice
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 ever
                 successful
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Ninus
                 having
                 finish'd
                 his
                 City
                 (
                 call'd
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 ,
                 )
                 
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 his
                 Expedition
                 against
                 the
                 Bactrians
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 had
                 experience
                 of
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 the
                 valour
                 of
                 their
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 difficulties
                 of
                 passing
                 into
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 choicest
                 Men
                 he
                 could
                 
                 pick
                 out
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 of
                 his
                 Dominions
                 '
                 ;
                 for
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 baffl'd
                 in
                 his
                 former
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 invade
                 Bactria
                 with
                 a
                 far
                 stronger
                 Army
                 than
                 he
                 did
                 before
                 .
                 Bringing
                 therefore
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 together
                 at
                 a
                 General
                 Randezvouz
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 numbred
                 (
                 as
                 Ctesias
                 writes
                 )
                 Seventeen
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 above
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 fewer
                 than
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 and
                 Six
                 Hundred
                 Hooked
                 Chariots
                 .
                 This
                 number
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 view
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 incredible
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 such
                 as
                 seriously
                 consider
                 the
                 largeness
                 and
                 populousness
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 it
                 cannot
                 be
                 judg'd
                 impossible
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 any
                 (
                 not
                 to
                 say
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 the
                 Eight
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 that
                 Darius
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Expedition
                 against
                 the
                 Scythians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 innumerable
                 Army
                 Xerxes
                 brought
                 over
                 with
                 him
                 into
                 Grecce
                 )
                 will
                 but
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 things
                 done
                 lately
                 ,
                 even
                 as
                 of
                 Yesterday
                 ,
                 he
                 'l
                 more
                 easily
                 credit
                 what
                 we
                 now
                 say
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 
                   Sicily
                   Dionysius
                
                 led
                 only
                 out
                 of
                 that
                 one
                 City
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Twelve
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 ;
                 and
                 lancht
                 out
                 of
                 one
                 Port
                 ,
                 a
                 Navy
                 of
                 Four
                 Hundred
                 Sail
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 some
                 were
                 of
                 Three
                 Tyre
                 of
                 Oars
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 of
                 Five
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 Romans
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 the
                 Times
                 of
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 in
                 Italy
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Citizens
                 and
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 an
                 Army
                 little
                 less
                 than
                 a
                 Million
                 of
                 Fighting
                 Men
                 ;
                 and
                 yet
                 all
                 Italy
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 compar'd
                 with
                 one
                 Province
                 of
                 Asia
                 for
                 number
                 of
                 Men.
                 But
                 this
                 may
                 sufficiently
                 convince
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 compute
                 the
                 ancient
                 Populousness
                 of
                 the
                 Countries
                 by
                 the
                 present
                 depopulations
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 .
              
               
                 Ninus
                 therefore
                 marching
                 with
                 these
                 Forces
                 against
                 the
                 Bactrians
                 ,
                 divided
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Two
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 straitness
                 and
                 difficulty
                 of
                 the
                 Passages
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 in
                 Bactria
                 many
                 large
                 and
                 populous
                 Cities
                 ,
                 but
                 one
                 is
                 more
                 especially
                 Famous
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Bactria
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 King's
                 Palace
                 ,
                 for
                 greatness
                 and
                 magnificence
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Citadel
                 for
                 strength
                 ,
                 far
                 excel
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 .
              
               
                 Oxyartes
                 reign'd
                 there
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 who
                 caus'd
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 able
                 ,
                 to
                 bear
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 muster'd
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Four
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 Men.
                 With
                 these
                 he
                 met
                 the
                 Enemy
                 at
                 the
                 Streights
                 ,
                 entring
                 into
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 suffered
                 Ninus
                 to
                 enter
                 with
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 :
                 When
                 he
                 saw
                 a
                 competent
                 number
                 enter'd
                 ,
                 he
                 fell
                 upon
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Plain
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 them
                 with
                 that
                 resolution
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Bactrians
                 put
                 the
                 Assyrians
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 and
                 pursuing
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 next
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 enter'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Bactrians
                 were
                 overpower'd
                 by
                 number
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 broken
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 fled
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Cities
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 defend
                 every
                 one
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 .
                 Ninus
                 easily
                 subdu'd
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Forts
                 and
                 Castles
                 ;
                 but
                 Bactria
                 it self
                 was
                 so
                 strong
                 and
                 well
                 provided
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 force
                 it
                 ;
                 which
                 occasion'd
                 a
                 long
                 and
                 tedious
                 Siege
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Husband
                 of
                 Semiramis
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 there
                 in
                 the
                 King's
                 Camp
                 )
                 being
                 Love-sick
                 ,
                 impatient
                 of
                 being
                 any
                 longer
                 without
                 his
                 Wife
                 ,
                 sent
                 for
                 her
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 both
                 discreet
                 and
                 couragious
                 ,
                 and
                 indowed
                 with
                 other
                 noble
                 Qualifications
                 ,
                 readily
                 imbrac'd
                 the
                 opportunity
                 of
                 shewing
                 to
                 the
                 World
                 her
                 own
                 natural
                 Valour
                 and
                 Resolution
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 she
                 might
                 with
                 more
                 safety
                 perform
                 so
                 long
                 a
                 Journey
                 ,
                 she
                 put
                 on
                 such
                 a
                 Garment
                 as
                 whereby
                 she
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 discern'd
                 whether
                 she
                 were
                 a
                 Man
                 or
                 a
                 Woman
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 made
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 it
                 she
                 both
                 preserv'd
                 her
                 Beauty
                 from
                 being
                 scorcht
                 by
                 the
                 heat
                 in
                 her
                 Journey
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 was
                 thereby
                 more
                 nimble
                 and
                 ready
                 for
                 any
                 business
                 she
                 pleas'd
                 to
                 undertake
                 ,
                 being
                 of
                 her self
                 a
                 youthful
                 and
                 sprightly
                 Lady
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 sort
                 of
                 Garment
                 was
                 in
                 so
                 high
                 esteem
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Medes
                 afterwards
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 Lords
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 wore
                 
                 Semiramis's
                 Gown
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Persians
                 likewise
                 after
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 she
                 came
                 to
                 Bactria
                 ,
                 and
                 observ'd
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 how
                 Assaults
                 were
                 made
                 only
                 in
                 open
                 and
                 plain
                 Places
                 most
                 likely
                 to
                 be
                 enter'd
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 none
                 dar'd
                 to
                 approach
                 the
                 Cittadel
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 its
                 natural
                 Strength
                 and
                 Fortisication
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 within
                 took
                 more
                 care
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 lower
                 and
                 weaker
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Castle
                 where
                 they
                 neglected
                 their
                 Guards
                 ,
                 she
                 took
                 some
                 with
                 her
                 that
                 were
                 skilful
                 in
                 climbing
                 up
                 the
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 them
                 with
                 much
                 Toyl
                 ,
                 pass'd
                 over
                 a
                 deep
                 Trench
                 ,
                 and
                 possess'd
                 her self
                 of
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 she
                 gave
                 a
                 Signal
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 assaulting
                 the
                 Wall
                 upon
                 the
                 Plain
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 within
                 the
                 City
                 being
                 suddenly
                 struck
                 with
                 a
                 Panick
                 Fear
                 at
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 in
                 desperation
                 of
                 making
                 any
                 further
                 defence
                 forsook
                 the
                 Walls
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 City
                 being
                 taken
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 greatly
                 admir'd
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Woman
                 ,
                 and
                 bountifully
                 rewarded
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 presently
                 so
                 passionately
                 affected
                 at
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 her
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 us'd
                 all
                 the
                 Arguments
                 imaginable
                 to
                 persuade
                 
                 her
                 Husband
                 to
                 bestow
                 his
                 Wife
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 promising
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 Reward
                 of
                 his
                 Kindness
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 him
                 his
                 Daughter
                 Sosana
                 in
                 Marriage
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 absolutely
                 refus'd
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 threatn'd
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 consent
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 pluck
                 out
                 his
                 Eyes
                 .
              
               
                 Menon
                 hereupon
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Threats
                 ,
                 and
                 overpower'd
                 with
                 the
                 Love
                 of
                 his
                 Wife
                 ,
                 fell
                 into
                 a
                 distracted
                 Rage
                 and
                 Madness
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 hang'd
                 himself
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 the
                 advancement
                 of
                 Semiramis
                 to
                 the
                 Regal
                 state
                 and
                 dignity
                 .
              
               
                 Ninus
                 having
                 now
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Treasures
                 of
                 Bactria
                 (
                 where
                 was
                 abundance
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 )
                 and
                 settled
                 his
                 Affairs
                 throughout
                 the
                 whole
                 Province
                 of
                 Bactria
                 ,
                 return'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 Son
                 by
                 Semiramis
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Ninyas
                 ,
                 and
                 dy'd
                 leaving
                 his
                 Wife
                 Queen
                 Regent
                 .
                 She
                 bury'd
                 her
                 Husband
                 Ninus
                 in
                 the
                 Royal
                 Palace
                 ,
                 and
                 rais'd
                 over
                 him
                 a
                 Mount
                 of
                 Earth
                 of
                 a
                 wonderful
                 bigness
                 ,
                 being
                 Nine
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 height
                 ,
                 and
                 ten
                 in
                 breadth
                 ,
                 as
                 Ctesias
                 says
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 City
                 standing
                 in
                 a
                 Plain
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Euphrates
                 ,
                 the
                 Mount
                 (
                 many
                 Furlongs
                 off
                 )
                 looks
                 like
                 a
                 stately
                 Cittadel
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 continues
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 ,
                 though
                 Nin●ve
                 was
                 destroy'd
                 by
                 the
                 Medes
                 when
                 they
                 ruin'd
                 the
                 Assyrian
                 Empire
                 .
              
               
                 Semiramis
                 was
                 naturally
                 of
                 an
                 high
                 aspiring
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 ambitious
                 to
                 excel
                 all
                 her
                 Predecessors
                 in
                 glorious
                 Actions
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 therefore
                 imploy'd
                 all
                 her
                 Thoughts
                 about
                 the
                 building
                 of
                 a
                 City
                 in
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Babylon
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 this
                 end
                 having
                 provided
                 
                 Architects
                 ,
                 Artists
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Necessaries
                 for
                 the
                 Work
                 ,
                 She
                 got
                 together
                 Two
                 Millions
                 of
                 Men
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 to
                 be
                 imploy'd
                 in
                 the
                 building
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 so
                 built
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 River
                 Euphrates
                 ran
                 through
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 she
                 compass'd
                 it
                 round
                 with
                 a
                 Wall
                 of
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Sixty
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 Circuit
                 ,
                 and
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 many
                 stately
                 Turrets
                 ;
                 and
                 such
                 was
                 the
                 state
                 and
                 grandeur
                 of
                 the
                 Work
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Walls
                 were
                 of
                 that
                 breadth
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 Six
                 Chariots
                 abreast
                 might
                 be
                 driven
                 together
                 upon
                 them
                 .
                 Their
                 height
                 was
                 such
                 as
                 exceeded
                 all
                 Mens
                 belief
                 that
                 heard
                 of
                 it
                 (
                 as
                 
                   Ctesias
                   Cnidius
                
                 relates
                 )
                 But
                 Clitarchus
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 who
                 afterwards
                 went
                 over
                 with
                 Alexander
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 have
                 written
                 that
                 the
                 Walls
                 were
                 in
                 Circuit
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Sixty
                 Five
                 Furlongs
                 ;
                 the
                 Queen
                 making
                 them
                 of
                 that
                 Compass
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 the
                 Furlongs
                 should
                 be
                 as
                 many
                 in
                 number
                 as
                 the
                 Days
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 :
                 They
                 were
                 of
                 Brick
                 cemented
                 with
                 *
                 Brimstone
                 ;
                 in
                 height
                 as
                 Ctesias
                 says
                 Fifty
                 †
                 Orgyas
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 later
                 Writers
                 report
                 ,
                 but
                 Fifty
                 Cubits
                 only
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Breadth
                 was
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 more
                 than
                 what
                 would
                 allow
                 two
                 Chariots
                 to
                 be
                 driven
                 afront
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Turrets
                 ,
                 in
                 height
                 and
                 thickness
                 proportionable
                 to
                 the
                 largeness
                 of
                 the
                 Wall.
                 It
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 wondred
                 at
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 so
                 few
                 Towers
                 upon
                 a
                 Wall
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Circuit
                 ,
                 being
                 that
                 in
                 many
                 Places
                 round
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 deep
                 Morasses
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 judg'd
                 to
                 no
                 purpose
                 to
                 raise
                 Turrets
                 there
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 naturally
                 fortify'd
                 :
                 Between
                 the
                 Wall
                 and
                 the
                 Houses
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Space
                 left
                 round
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Foot.
                 
              
               
                 That
                 the
                 Work
                 might
                 be
                 the
                 more
                 speedily
                 dispatcht
                 ,
                 to
                 each
                 of
                 her
                 Friends
                 was
                 allotted
                 a
                 Furlong
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 allowance
                 of
                 all
                 Expences
                 necessary
                 for
                 their
                 several
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 all
                 should
                 be
                 finish'd
                 in
                 a
                 Years
                 time
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 diligently
                 perfected
                 with
                 the
                 Queen's
                 Approbation
                 ,
                 she
                 then
                 made
                 a
                 Bridge
                 over
                 the
                 narrowest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 Five
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 laying
                 the
                 Supports
                 and
                 Pillars
                 of
                 the
                 Arches
                 with
                 great
                 Art
                 and
                 Skill
                 in
                 the
                 Bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 Twelve
                 Foot
                 distance
                 from
                 each
                 other
                 .
                 That
                 the
                 Stones
                 might
                 be
                 the
                 more
                 firmly
                 joyn'd
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 bound
                 together
                 with
                 Hooks
                 of
                 Iron
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Joints
                 fill'd
                 up
                 with
                 melted
                 Lead
                 .
                 And
                 before
                 the
                 Pillars
                 ,
                 she
                 made
                 and
                 placed
                 Defences
                 ,
                 with
                 sharp
                 pointed
                 Angles
                 ,
                 to
                 receive
                 the
                 Water
                 before
                 it
                 beat
                 upon
                 the
                 flat
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 Pillars
                 ,
                 which
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 to
                 run
                 round
                 by
                 degrees
                 gently
                 and
                 moderately
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 broad
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 Pillars
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 sharp
                 Points
                 of
                 the
                 Angles
                 cut
                 the
                 Stream
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 a
                 check
                 to
                 its
                 violence
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 roundness
                 of
                 them
                 by
                 lit●le
                 and
                 little
                 giving
                 way
                 ,
                 abated
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 Current
                 .
                 This
                 Bridge
                 was
                 〈◊〉
                 wi●h
                 ●reat
                 ●oices
                 and
                 Planks
                 of
                 Cedar
                 ,
                 Cypress
                 and
                 Palm
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 Thi
                 〈…〉
                 ●oot
                 in
                 breadth
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 Art
                 and
                 Curiosity
                 ,
                 yielded
                 to
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 Works
                 o●
                 〈◊〉
                 .
                 On
                 either
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 she
                 rais'd
                 a
                 Bank
                 ,
                 as
                 broad
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 great
                 cost
                 drew
                 it
                 out
                 in
                 length
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Furlongs
                 .
                 
                 She
                 built
                 likewise
                 Two
                 Palaces
                 at
                 each
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Bridge
                 upon
                 the
                 Bank
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 whence
                 she
                 might
                 have
                 a
                 Prospect
                 over
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 her
                 Passage
                 as
                 by
                 Keys
                 to
                 the
                 most
                 convenient
                 Places
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 she
                 had
                 occasion
                 .
                 And
                 whereas
                 Euphrates
                 runs
                 through
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 making
                 its
                 course
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 the
                 Palaces
                 lye
                 the
                 one
                 on
                 the
                 East
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 on
                 the
                 West
                 Side
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ;
                 both
                 built
                 at
                 exceeding
                 Costs
                 and
                 Expence
                 .
                 For
                 that
                 on
                 the
                 West
                 had
                 an
                 high
                 and
                 stately
                 Wall
                 ,
                 made
                 of
                 well
                 burnt
                 Brick
                 ,
                 *
                 Sixty
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 compass
                 ;
                 within
                 this
                 was
                 drawn
                 another
                 of
                 a
                 round
                 Circumference
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 were
                 portray'd
                 in
                 the
                 Bricks
                 before
                 they
                 were
                 burnt
                 ,
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 living
                 Creatures
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 to
                 the
                 Life
                 ,
                 laid
                 with
                 great
                 Art
                 in
                 curious
                 Colours
                 .
                 This
                 Wall
                 was
                 in
                 Circuit
                 Forty
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Bricks
                 thick
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 height
                 (
                 as
                 Ctesias
                 says
                 )
                 †
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Yards
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 were
                 Turrets
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Forty
                 Yards
                 high
                 .
                 The
                 Third
                 and
                 most
                 inward
                 Wall
                 immediately
                 surrounded
                 the
                 Palace
                 ,
                 Thirty
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 Compass
                 ,
                 and
                 far
                 surmounted
                 the
                 middle
                 Wall
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 height
                 and
                 thickness
                 ;
                 and
                 on
                 this
                 Wall
                 and
                 the
                 Towers
                 were
                 represented
                 the
                 Shapes
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Living
                 Creatures
                 ,
                 artificially
                 exprest
                 in
                 most
                 lively
                 Colours
                 .
                 Especially
                 was
                 represented
                 a
                 General
                 Hunting
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 each
                 Four
                 Cubits
                 high
                 and
                 upwards
                 ;
                 amongst
                 these
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 Semiramis
                 on
                 Horseback
                 ,
                 striking
                 a
                 Leopard
                 through
                 with
                 a
                 Dart
                 ,
                 and
                 next
                 to
                 her
                 ,
                 her
                 Husband
                 Ninus
                 in
                 close
                 Fight
                 with
                 a
                 Lion
                 ,
                 piercing
                 him
                 with
                 his
                 Lance.
                 To
                 this
                 Palace
                 she
                 built
                 likewise
                 Three
                 Gates
                 ,
                 under
                 which
                 were
                 *
                 Apartments
                 of
                 Brass
                 for
                 Entertainments
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 Passages
                 were
                 open'd
                 by
                 by
                 a
                 certain
                 Engin.
                 This
                 Palace
                 far
                 excell'd
                 that
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 greatness
                 and
                 adornments
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 outmost
                 Wall
                 of
                 that
                 (
                 made
                 of
                 well
                 burnt
                 Brick
                 )
                 was
                 but
                 Thirty
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 compass
                 .
                 Instead
                 of
                 the
                 curious
                 Portrature
                 of
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 the
                 Brazen
                 Statues
                 of
                 Ninus
                 and
                 Semiramis
                 ,
                 the
                 great
                 Officers
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 Babylonians
                 call
                 Belus
                 ;
                 and
                 likewise
                 Armies
                 drawn
                 up
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ,
                 and
                 divers
                 sorts
                 of
                 Hunting
                 were
                 there
                 represented
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 diversion
                 and
                 pleasure
                 of
                 the
                 Beholders
                 .
                 After
                 all
                 these
                 in
                 a
                 low
                 Ground
                 in
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 she
                 sunk
                 a
                 Place
                 for
                 a
                 Pond
                 Four-square
                 ,
                 every
                 Square
                 being
                 †
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 lin'd
                 with
                 Brick
                 ,
                 and
                 cemented
                 with
                 Brimstone
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 Five
                 and
                 Thirty
                 Foot
                 in
                 depth
                 :
                 Into
                 this
                 having
                 first
                 turn'd
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 she
                 then
                 made
                 a
                 Passage
                 in
                 nature
                 of
                 a
                 Vault
                 ,
                 from
                 one
                 Palace
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 
                 whose
                 Arches
                 were
                 built
                 of
                 firm
                 and
                 strong
                 Brick
                 ,
                 and
                 plaister'd
                 all
                 over
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 with
                 Bitumen
                 Four
                 Cubits
                 thick
                 .
                 The
                 Walls
                 of
                 this
                 Vault
                 were
                 Twenty
                 Bricks
                 in
                 thickness
                 ,
                 and
                 Twelve
                 Foot
                 high
                 ,
                 beside
                 and
                 above
                 the
                 Arches
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 breadth
                 was
                 Fifteen
                 Foot.
                 This
                 Piece
                 of
                 Work
                 being
                 finish'd
                 in
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Sixty
                 Days
                 ,
                 the
                 River
                 was
                 turn'd
                 into
                 its
                 ancient
                 Channel
                 again
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 River
                 flowing
                 over
                 the
                 whole
                 Work
                 ,
                 Semiramis
                 could
                 go
                 from
                 one
                 Palace
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 without
                 passing
                 over
                 the
                 River
                 .
                 She
                 made
                 likewise
                 Two
                 Brazen
                 Gates
                 at
                 either
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Vault
                 ,
                 which
                 continu'd
                 to
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Empire
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 she
                 built
                 a
                 Temple
                 to
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 Babylonians
                 
                 call
                 Belus
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 said
                 )
                 of
                 which
                 since
                 Writers
                 differ
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Work
                 is
                 now
                 wholly
                 decay'd
                 through
                 length
                 of
                 Time
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 nothing
                 that
                 can
                 certainly
                 be
                 related
                 concerning
                 it
                 :
                 Yet
                 it
                 's
                 apparent
                 it
                 was
                 of
                 an
                 exceeding
                 great
                 height
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 Chaldean
                 Astrologers
                 exactly
                 observ'd
                 the
                 setting
                 and
                 rising
                 of
                 the
                 Stars
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 was
                 built
                 of
                 Brick
                 ,
                 cemented
                 with
                 Brimstone
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 Art
                 and
                 Cost
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 top
                 she
                 plac'd
                 Three
                 Statues
                 of
                 beaten
                 Gold
                 of
                 
                   Jupiter
                   ,
                   Juno
                
                 and
                 Rhea
                 .
                 That
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 stood
                 upright
                 in
                 the
                 posture
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 walking
                 ;
                 he
                 was
                 Forty
                 Foot
                 in
                 height
                 ,
                 and
                 weighed
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Babylonish
                 Talents
                 .
                 The
                 Statue
                 of
                 Rhea
                 was
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 weight
                 sitting
                 on
                 a
                 Golden
                 Throne
                 ,
                 having
                 Two
                 Lions
                 standing
                 on
                 either
                 side
                 ,
                 one
                 at
                 her
                 Knees
                 ,
                 and
                 near
                 to
                 them
                 Two
                 exceeding
                 great
                 Serpents
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 weighing
                 Thirty
                 Talents
                 apiece
                 .
                 Here
                 likewise
                 the
                 Image
                 of
                 Juno
                 stood
                 upright
                 ,
                 and
                 weighed
                 Eight
                 Hundred
                 Talents
                 ,
                 grasping
                 a
                 Serpent
                 by
                 the
                 Head
                 in
                 her
                 right
                 Hand
                 ,
                 and
                 holding
                 a
                 Scepter
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 precious
                 Stones
                 in
                 her
                 left
                 .
                 For
                 all
                 these
                 Deities
                 there
                 was
                 plac'd
                 a
                 *
                 Common
                 Table
                 made
                 of
                 beaten
                 Gold
                 ,
                 Forty
                 Foot
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 Fifteen
                 broad
                 ,
                 weighing
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 Talents
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 stood
                 Two
                 Cups
                 weighing
                 Thirty
                 Talents
                 ,
                 and
                 near
                 to
                 them
                 as
                 many
                 Censers
                 weighing
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Talents
                 :
                 There
                 were
                 there
                 likewise
                 plac'd
                 Three
                 Drinking
                 Bowls
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 dedicated
                 to
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 weigh'd
                 Twelve
                 Hundred
                 Babylonish
                 Talents
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 other
                 Two
                 Six
                 Hundred
                 apiece
                 ;
                 but
                 all
                 those
                 the
                 Persian
                 
                 Kings
                 sacrilegiously
                 carry'd
                 away
                 .
                 And
                 length
                 of
                 Time
                 has
                 either
                 altogether
                 consum'd
                 ,
                 or
                 much
                 defac'd
                 the
                 Palaces
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Structures
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 but
                 a
                 small
                 part
                 of
                 this
                 Babylon
                 is
                 inhabited
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 which
                 lay
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 is
                 turn'd
                 into
                 Tillage
                 and
                 Pasture
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 was
                 likewise
                 a
                 Hanging
                 Garden
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 's
                 call'd
                 )
                 near
                 the
                 Citadel
                 ,
                 not
                 
                 built
                 by
                 Semiramis
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 a
                 later
                 Prince
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Cyrus
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 a
                 Curtesan
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 a
                 Persian
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 by
                 Birth
                 ,
                 and
                 coveting
                 Meadows
                 on
                 Mountain
                 Tops
                 ,
                 desir'd
                 the
                 King
                 by
                 an
                 Artificial
                 Plantation
                 to
                 imitate
                 the
                 Land
                 in
                 Persia
                 .
                 This
                 Garden
                 was
                 Four
                 Hundred
                 Foot
                 Square
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Ascent
                 up
                 to
                 it
                 was
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 a
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 Buildings
                 and
                 Apartments
                 out
                 of
                 one
                 into
                 another
                 ,
                 like
                 unto
                 a
                 Theater
                 .
                 Under
                 the
                 Steps
                 to
                 the
                 Ascent
                 ,
                 were
                 built
                 Arches
                 one
                 above
                 another
                 ,
                 rising
                 gently
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 which
                 supported
                 the
                 whole
                 Plantation
                 .
                 The
                 highest
                 Arch
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Platform
                 of
                 the
                 Garden
                 was
                 laid
                 ,
                 was
                 Fifty
                 Cubits
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Garden
                 it self
                 was
                 surrounded
                 with
                 Battlements
                 and
                 Bulwarks
                 .
                 The
                 Walls
                 were
                 made
                 very
                 strong
                 ,
                 built
                 at
                 no
                 small
                 Charge
                 and
                 Expence
                 ,
                 being
                 Two
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Foot
                 thick
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 Sally-port
                 Ten
                 Foot
                 wide
                 :
                 Over
                 the
                 several
                 Stories
                 of
                 this
                 Fabrick
                 ,
                 were
                 laid
                 Beams
                 and
                 Summers
                 of
                 huge
                 Massy
                 Stones
                 each
                 Sixteen
                 Foot
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 broad
                 .
                 The
                 Roof
                 over
                 all
                 these
                 was
                 first
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Reeds
                 ,
                 daub'd
                 with
                 abundance
                 of
                 Brimstone
                 ;
                 then
                 upon
                 them
                 was
                 laid
                 double
                 Tiles
                 pargeted
                 together
                 with
                 a
                 hard
                 and
                 durable
                 *
                 Mortar
                 ,
                 and
                 over
                 them
                 after
                 all
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 Covering
                 with
                 Sheets
                 of
                 Lead
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Wet
                 which
                 drencht
                 through
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 might
                 not
                 rot
                 the
                 Foundation
                 .
                 Upon
                 all
                 these
                 was
                 laid
                 Earth
                 of
                 a
                 convenient
                 depth
                 ,
                 sufficient
                 for
                 the
                 growth
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Trees
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Soyl
                 was
                 laid
                 even
                 and
                 smooth
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 planted
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 which
                 both
                 for
                 Greatness
                 and
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 might
                 delight
                 the
                 Spectators
                 .
                 The
                 Arches
                 (
                 which
                 stood
                 one
                 above
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 darted
                 light
                 sufficient
                 one
                 into
                 another
                 )
                 had
                 in
                 them
                 many
                 stately
                 Rooms
                 of
                 all
                 Kinds
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 all
                 purposes
                 .
                 But
                 there
                 was
                 one
                 that
                 had
                 in
                 it
                 certain
                 Engins
                 ,
                 whereby
                 it
                 drew
                 plenty
                 of
                 Water
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 through
                 certain
                 Conduits
                 and
                 Conveyances
                 from
                 the
                 Platform
                 of
                 the
                 Garden
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 body
                 without
                 was
                 the
                 wiser
                 ,
                 or
                 knew
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 .
                 This
                 Garden
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 said
                 before
                 )
                 was
                 built
                 in
                 later
                 Ages
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Semiramis
                 built
                 likewise
                 other
                 Cities
                 upon
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 Euphrates
                 and
                 Tigris
                 ,
                 where
                 she
                 establish'd
                 Marts
                 for
                 the
                 vending
                 of
                 Merchandize
                 brought
                 from
                 Media
                 and
                 Paretacenes
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Neighbouring
                 Countries
                 .
                 For
                 next
                 to
                 Nile
                 and
                 
                   Ganges
                   ,
                   Euphrates
                
                 and
                 Tigris
                 are
                 the
                 noblest
                 Rivers
                 of
                 all
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 their
                 Spring-heads
                 in
                 the
                 Mountains
                 of
                 Arabia
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 distant
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 Fifteen
                 Hundred
                 Furlongs
                 .
                 They
                 run
                 through
                 Media
                 and
                 Paretacena
                 into
                 Mesopotamia
                 ,
                 which
                 from
                 its
                 lying
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 between
                 these
                 Two
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 has
                 gain'd
                 from
                 them
                 that
                 Name
                 ;
                 thence
                 passing
                 through
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 they
                 empty
                 themselves
                 into
                 the
                 †
                 
                   Red
                   Sea.
                
                 These
                 being
                 very
                 large
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 and
                 passing
                 through
                 divers
                 Countries
                 ,
                 greatly
                 inrich
                 the
                 Merchants
                 that
                 traffick
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Places
                 are
                 full
                 of
                 Wealthy
                 Mart
                 Towns
                 ,
                 and
                 greatly
                 advanc'd
                 the
                 glory
                 and
                 majesty
                 of
                 Babylon
                 .
              
               
                 Semiramis
                 likewise
                 caus'd
                 a
                 great
                 Stone
                 to
                 be
                 cut
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 of
                 Armenia
                 ,
                 
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Five
                 Foot
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 in
                 breadth
                 and
                 thickness
                 ;
                 this
                 she
                 convey'd
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 many
                 Yokes
                 of
                 Oxen
                 and
                 Asses
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 put
                 it
                 Aboard
                 a
                 Ship
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 it
                 safe
                 by
                 Water
                 to
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 it
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 remarkable
                 High-way
                 as
                 a
                 wonderful
                 Spectacle
                 to
                 all
                 Beholders
                 .
                 From
                 its
                 shape
                 it
                 's
                 call'd
                 an
                 *
                 Obelisk
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 accounted
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Seven
                 Wonders
                 of
                 the
                 World.
                 
                 There
                 are
                 indeed
                 many
                 remarkable
                 and
                 wonderful
                 things
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 in
                 Babylon
                 ;
                 but
                 amongst
                 these
                 ,
                 the
                 great
                 quantity
                 of
                 Brimstone
                 that
                 there
                 flows
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 least
                 admir'd
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 so
                 much
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 not
                 only
                 supply'd
                 all
                 their
                 occasions
                 in
                 building
                 such
                 great
                 and
                 mighty
                 Works
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 common
                 People
                 profusely
                 gather
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 its
                 dry
                 ,
                 burn
                 it
                 instead
                 of
                 Fewel
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 it
                 be
                 drawn
                 out
                 by
                 an
                 innumerable
                 Company
                 of
                 People
                 ,
                 as
                 from
                 a
                 great
                 Fountain
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 's
                 as
                 plentiful
                 as
                 ever
                 it
                 was
                 before
                 .
                 Near
                 this
                 Fountain
                 there
                 's
                 a
                 Spring
                 not
                 big
                 ,
                 but
                 very
                 fierce
                 and
                 violent
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 casts
                 forth
                 a
                 Sulphureous
                 and
                 gross
                 Vapour
                 ,
                 which
                 suddenly
                 kills
                 every
                 living
                 Creature
                 that
                 comes
                 near
                 to
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Breath
                 being
                 stopt
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 power
                 of
                 Respiration
                 taken
                 away
                 by
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 Exhalation
                 ,
                 the
                 Body
                 presently
                 swells
                 so
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Parts
                 about
                 the
                 Lungs
                 are
                 all
                 in
                 a
                 Flame
                 .
              
               
               
                 Beyond
                 the
                 River
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Morass
                 ,
                 about
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 crusty
                 Earth
                 ;
                 if
                 any
                 unacquainted
                 
                 with
                 the
                 Place
                 get
                 into
                 it
                 ,
                 at
                 first
                 he
                 floats
                 upon
                 the
                 Top
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 comes
                 into
                 the
                 Middle
                 he
                 's
                 violently
                 hal'd
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 striving
                 to
                 help
                 himself
                 ,
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 held
                 so
                 fast
                 by
                 something
                 or
                 other
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 his
                 Labour
                 to
                 get
                 loose
                 is
                 in
                 vain
                 .
                 And
                 first
                 his
                 Feet
                 ,
                 then
                 his
                 Legs
                 and
                 Thighs
                 to
                 his
                 Loyns
                 are
                 benumm'd
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 his
                 whole
                 Body
                 is
                 stupify'd
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 down
                 he
                 sinks
                 to
                 the
                 Bottom
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 after
                 is
                 cast
                 up
                 dead
                 to
                 the
                 Surface
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 much
                 for
                 the
                 Wonders
                 of
                 BABYLON
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Semiramis
                 had
                 finish'd
                 all
                 her
                 Works
                 ,
                 she
                 marcht
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 into
                 
                 Media
                 ,
                 and
                 encamp'd
                 near
                 to
                 a
                 Mountain
                 call'd
                 Bagistan
                 ;
                 there
                 she
                 made
                 a
                 Garden
                 twelve
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 Compass
                 :
                 It
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 plain
                 Champain
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 Fountain
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 which
                 water'd
                 the
                 whole
                 Garden
                 .
                 Mount
                 Bagistan
                 is
                 dedicated
                 to
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 and
                 towards
                 one
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Garden
                 has
                 steep
                 Rocks
                 seventeen
                 Furlongs
                 from
                 the
                 Top
                 to
                 the
                 Bottom
                 .
                 She
                 cut
                 out
                 a
                 Piece
                 of
                 the
                 lower
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 ,
                 and
                 caus'd
                 her
                 own
                 Image
                 to
                 be
                 carv'd
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Hundred
                 of
                 her
                 Guard
                 that
                 were
                 Launceteers
                 standing
                 round
                 about
                 her
                 .
                 She
                 wrote
                 likewise
                 in
                 Syriac
                 Letters
                 upon
                 the
                 Rock
                 ,
                 That
                 Semiramis
                 
                   ascended
                   from
                   the
                   Plain
                   to
                   the
                   Top
                   of
                   the
                   Mountain
                   by
                   laying
                   the
                   Packs
                   and
                   Fardles
                   of
                   the
                   Beasts
                   that
                   follow'd
                   her
                   one
                   upon
                   another
                   .
                
              
               
                 Marching
                 away
                 from
                 ence
                 ,
                 she
                 came
                 to
                 Chaone
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 Media
                 ,
                 where
                 she
                 incamp'd
                 upon
                 a
                 rising
                 Ground
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 she
                 took
                 notice
                 of
                 an
                 exceeding
                 great
                 and
                 high
                 Rock
                 ,
                 where
                 she
                 made
                 another
                 very
                 great
                 Garden
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 Middle
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 upon
                 it
                 stately
                 Houses
                 of
                 Pleasure
                 ,
                 whence
                 she
                 might
                 both
                 have
                 a
                 delightful
                 Prospect
                 into
                 the
                 Garden
                 ,
                 and
                 view
                 the
                 Army
                 as
                 they
                 lay
                 incamp'd
                 below
                 in
                 the
                 Plain
                 ;
                 being
                 much
                 delighted
                 with
                 this
                 Place
                 she
                 stay'd
                 here
                 a
                 considerable
                 Time
                 ,
                 giving
                 up
                 her self
                 to
                 all
                 kinds
                 of
                 Pleasures
                 and
                 Delights
                 ,
                 for
                 she
                 forbore
                 marrying
                 lest
                 she
                 should
                 then
                 be
                 depos'd
                 from
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 she
                 made
                 Choice
                 of
                 the
                 handsomest
                 Commanders
                 to
                 be
                 her
                 Gallants
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 layn
                 with
                 her
                 she
                 cut
                 off
                 their
                 Heads
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 hence
                 she
                 march'd
                 towards
                 Ecbatana
                 ,
                 and
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Zarcheum
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 many
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 Extent
                 ,
                 and
                 full
                 of
                 steep
                 Precipices
                 and
                 craggy
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 passing
                 but
                 by
                 long
                 and
                 tedious
                 Windings
                 and
                 Turnings
                 .
                 To
                 leave
                 therefore
                 behind
                 her
                 an
                 Eternal
                 Monument
                 of
                 her
                 Name
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 short
                 Cut
                 for
                 her
                 Passage
                 ,
                 she
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Rocks
                 to
                 be
                 hew'd
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Valleys
                 to
                 be
                 fill'd
                 up
                 with
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 at
                 a
                 vast
                 Expence
                 laid
                 the
                 Way
                 open
                 and
                 plain
                 ,
                 which
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 is
                 call'd
                 
                 Semiramis's
                 WAY
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 she
                 came
                 to
                 Ecbatana
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 situated
                 in
                 a
                 low
                 and
                 even
                 Plain
                 ,
                 she
                 built
                 there
                 a
                 stately
                 Palace
                 ,
                 and
                 bestow'd
                 more
                 of
                 her
                 Care
                 and
                 Pains
                 here
                 than
                 she
                 had
                 done
                 at
                 any
                 other
                 Place
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 City
                 wanting
                 Water
                 (
                 there
                 being
                 no
                 Spring
                 near
                 )
                 she
                 plentifully
                 supply'd
                 it
                 with
                 good
                 and
                 wholesom
                 Water
                 ,
                 brought
                 thither
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Toyl
                 and
                 Expence
                 ,
                 after
                 this
                 manner
                 :
                 There
                 's
                 Mountain
                 call'd
                 Orontes
                 ,
                 twelve
                 Furlongs
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 exceeding
                 high
                 and
                 steep
                 for
                 the
                 Space
                 of
                 five
                 and
                 twenty
                 Furlongs
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Top
                 ;
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 of
                 this
                 Mount
                 there
                 's
                 a
                 great
                 Mear
                 which
                 empties
                 it self
                 into
                 the
                 River
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 this
                 Mountain
                 she
                 dug
                 a
                 Canal
                 fifteen
                 Foot
                 in
                 Breadth
                 and
                 forty
                 in
                 Depth
                 ,
                 through
                 which
                 she
                 convey'd
                 Water
                 in
                 great
                 Abundance
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 Things
                 which
                 she
                 did
                 in
                 Media
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 she
                 made
                 a
                 Progress
                 through
                 Persia
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 her
                 Dominions
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 along
                 as
                 she
                 went
                 she
                 plain'd
                 all
                 the
                 Way
                 before
                 her
                 ,
                 levelling
                 both
                 Rocks
                 and
                 Mountains
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 in
                 Champain
                 Countries
                 she
                 would
                 raise
                 Eminences
                 on
                 which
                 she
                 would
                 sometimes
                 build
                 Sepulchres
                 for
                 her
                 Officers
                 and
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 other
                 times
                 Towns
                 and
                 Cities
                 .
                 Throughout
                 her
                 whole
                 Expeditions
                 she
                 always
                 us'd
                 to
                 raise
                 an
                 Ascent
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 she
                 pitcht
                 her
                 own
                 Pavilion
                 ,
                 that
                 from
                 thence
                 she
                 might
                 have
                 a
                 View
                 of
                 her
                 whole
                 Army
                 .
                 Many
                 Things
                 which
                 she
                 perform'd
                 in
                 Asia
                 remain
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 call'd
                 
                 Semiramis's
                 Works
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 she
                 pass'd
                 through
                 all
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 conquer'd
                 the
                 greatest
                 Part
                 of
                 Lybia
                 ,
                 she
                 went
                 to
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 
                   Jupiter
                   Hammon
                
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 inquir'd
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 how
                 long
                 she
                 should
                 live
                 ;
                 which
                 return'd
                 her
                 this
                 Answer
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   she
                   should
                   leave
                   this
                   World
                   and
                   afterwards
                   be
                   for
                   ever
                   honour'd
                   by
                   some
                   Nations
                   in
                
                 Asia
                 ,
                 when
                 Ninyas
                 
                   her
                   Son
                   should
                   be
                   plotting
                   against
                   her
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 When
                 she
                 had
                 perform'd
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 she
                 marcht
                 into
                 Ethiopia
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 subdu'd
                 many
                 Places
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 she
                 had
                 an
                 Opportunity
                 to
                 see
                 what
                 was
                 there
                 very
                 remarkable
                 and
                 wonderful
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 say
                 there
                 's
                 a
                 four-square
                 Lake
                 ,
                 a
                 hundred
                 and
                 sixty
                 
                 Foot
                 in
                 Circuit
                 ,
                 the
                 Water
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 in
                 Colour
                 like
                 unto
                 Vermilion
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 sweet
                 Flavour
                 ,
                 much
                 like
                 unto
                 old
                 Wine
                 ;
                 yet
                 of
                 such
                 wonderful
                 Operation
                 ,
                 that
                 whosoever
                 drinks
                 of
                 it
                 goes
                 presently
                 mad
                 ,
                 and
                 confesses
                 all
                 the
                 Faults
                 that
                 ever
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 before
                 guilty
                 of
                 ;
                 but
                 some
                 will
                 scarce
                 believe
                 this
                 Relation
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Ethiopians
                 have
                 a
                 peculiar
                 way
                 of
                 burying
                 their
                 Dead
                 ;
                 for
                 after
                 they
                 have
                 
                 imbalm'd
                 the
                 Body
                 they
                 pour
                 round
                 about
                 it
                 melted
                 Glass
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 place
                 it
                 upon
                 a
                 *
                 Pillar
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Corps
                 may
                 be
                 plainly
                 seen
                 through
                 the
                 Glass
                 ,
                 as
                 Herodotus
                 has
                 reported
                 the
                 thing
                 .
                 But
                 Ctesias
                 of
                 Cnidus
                 assirms
                 that
                 he
                 tells
                 a
                 Winter-tale
                 ,
                 and
                 says
                 that
                 its
                 true
                 indeed
                 that
                 the
                 Body
                 is
                 imbalm'd
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 Glass
                 is
                 not
                 pour'd
                 upon
                 the
                 naked
                 Body
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Bodies
                 thereby
                 would
                 be
                 so
                 scorch'd
                 and
                 defac'd
                 that
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 possibly
                 retain
                 any
                 likeness
                 to
                 the
                 dead
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 therefore
                 they
                 make
                 an
                 hollow
                 Statue
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 the
                 Body
                 within
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 pour
                 the
                 melted
                 Glass
                 round
                 upon
                 this
                 Statue
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 set
                 upon
                 some
                 high
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 Statue
                 which
                 resembles
                 the
                 dead
                 is
                 seen
                 through
                 the
                 Glass
                 ,
                 and
                 thus
                 he
                 says
                 they
                 use
                 to
                 bury
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 richer
                 Sort
                 ;
                 But
                 those
                 of
                 meaner
                 Fortunes
                 they
                 put
                 into
                 Statues
                 of
                 Silver
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 poor
                 they
                 make
                 Statues
                 of
                 Potters
                 Clay
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 having
                 Glass
                 enough
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 's
                 Abundance
                 to
                 be
                 got
                 in
                 Ethiopia
                 ,
                 and
                 ready
                 at
                 hand
                 for
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 But
                 we
                 shall
                 speak
                 more
                 fully
                 of
                 the
                 Customs
                 and
                 Laws
                 of
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 and
                 the
                 Product
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 worthy
                 of
                 Remark
                 presently
                 when
                 we
                 come
                 to
                 relate
                 their
                 Antiquities
                 and
                 old
                 Fables
                 and
                 Stories
                 .
              
               
                 Semiramis
                 having
                 settl'd
                 her
                 Affairs
                 in
                 Egypt
                 and
                 Ethiopia
                 ,
                 return'd
                 with
                 her
                 Army
                 
                 into
                 Asia
                 to
                 Bactria
                 :
                 And
                 now
                 having
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 enjoying
                 a
                 long
                 Peace
                 ,
                 she
                 had
                 a
                 longing
                 Desire
                 to
                 perform
                 some
                 notable
                 Exploit
                 by
                 her
                 Arms.
                 Hearing
                 therefore
                 that
                 the
                 Indians
                 were
                 the
                 greatest
                 Nation
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 the
                 largest
                 and
                 richest
                 Tract
                 of
                 Land
                 of
                 all
                 others
                 ,
                 she
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 them
                 .
                 Stabrobates
                 was
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 King
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 innumerable
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 Elephants
                 bravely
                 accoutred
                 and
                 fitted
                 to
                 strike
                 Terror
                 into
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
                 For
                 India
                 for
                 the
                 Pleasantness
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 excell'd
                 all
                 others
                 ,
                 being
                 water'd
                 in
                 every
                 Place
                 with
                 many
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Land
                 yielded
                 every
                 year
                 a
                 double
                 Crop
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 Means
                 was
                 so
                 rich
                 and
                 so
                 abounded
                 with
                 Plenty
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Sustenance
                 of
                 Man's
                 Life
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 supply'd
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 continually
                 with
                 such
                 things
                 as
                 made
                 them
                 excessively
                 rich
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 never
                 known
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 ever
                 any
                 Famine
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Climate
                 being
                 so
                 happy
                 and
                 favourable
                 ;
                 and
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 likewise
                 there
                 's
                 an
                 incredible
                 Number
                 of
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 which
                 for
                 Courage
                 and
                 Strength
                 of
                 Body
                 far
                 excel
                 those
                 in
                 Africa
                 .
                 Moreover
                 this
                 Country
                 abounds
                 in
                 Gold
                 ,
                 Silver
                 ,
                 Brass
                 ,
                 Iron
                 and
                 pretious
                 Stones
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 Profit
                 and
                 Pleasure
                 .
                 All
                 which
                 being
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 ,
                 so
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Semiramis
                 ,
                 that
                 (
                 tho'
                 she
                 had
                 no
                 Provocation
                 given
                 her
                 )
                 yet
                 she
                 was
                 resolv'd
                 upon
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Indians
                 .
                 But
                 knowing
                 that
                 she
                 had
                 need
                 of
                 great
                 Forces
                 ,
                 she
                 sent
                 Dispatches
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 with
                 Command
                 to
                 the
                 Governors
                 to
                 list
                 the
                 choicest
                 young
                 Men
                 they
                 could
                 find
                 ,
                 ordering
                 the
                 Proportion
                 of
                 Souldiers
                 every
                 Province
                 and
                 Country
                 should
                 send
                 forth
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Largeness
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 commanded
                 that
                 all
                 should
                 furnish
                 themselves
                 with
                 new
                 Arms
                 and
                 Armour
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 appear
                 in
                 three
                 years
                 time
                 at
                 a
                 general
                 Randezvouz
                 in
                 Bactria
                 bravely
                 arm'd
                 and
                 accountred
                 in
                 all
                 Points
                 .
                 And
                 having
                 sent
                 for
                 Shipwrights
                 out
                 of
                 
                   Phoenicia
                   ,
                   Syria
                   ,
                   Cyprus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Places
                 bordering
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea-coasts
                 ,
                 she
                 prepar'd
                 Timber
                 for
                 them
                 fit
                 for
                 the
                 Purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 them
                 to
                 build
                 Vessels
                 that
                 might
                 be
                 taken
                 asunder
                 and
                 convey'd
                 from
                 place
                 to
                 place
                 wherever
                 she
                 pleas'd
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 River
                 Indus
                 bordering
                 upon
                 that
                 Kingdom
                 being
                 the
                 greatest
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 she
                 stood
                 in
                 need
                 of
                 many
                 River-boats
                 to
                 pass
                 it
                 in
                 Order
                 to
                 repress
                 the
                 Indians
                 .
                 But
                 being
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 Timber
                 near
                 that
                 River
                 she
                 was
                 necessitated
                 to
                 convey
                 the
                 Boats
                 thither
                 by
                 Land
                 from
                 Bactria
                 .
                 She
                 further
                 consider'd
                 that
                 she
                 was
                 much
                 inferior
                 to
                 the
                 Indians
                 for
                 Elephants
                 (
                 which
                 were
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 for
                 her
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 )
                 she
                 therefore
                 contriv'd
                 to
                 have
                 Beasts
                 that
                 should
                 resemble
                 them
                 ,
                 hoping
                 by
                 this
                 Means
                 to
                 strike
                 a
                 Terror
                 into
                 the
                 Indians
                 ,
                 who
                 believ'd
                 there
                 were
                 no
                 Elephants
                 in
                 any
                 place
                 but
                 in
                 India
                 .
              
               
               
                 To
                 this
                 End
                 she
                 provided
                 three
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 black
                 Oxen
                 ,
                 and
                 distributed
                 the
                 Flesh
                 amongst
                 a
                 Company
                 of
                 ordinary
                 Mechanicks
                 and
                 such
                 Fellows
                 as
                 she
                 had
                 to
                 play
                 the
                 Coblers
                 for
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 ordered
                 them
                 by
                 stitching
                 the
                 Skins
                 together
                 and
                 stuffing
                 them
                 with
                 Straw
                 to
                 imitate
                 the
                 Shape
                 of
                 an
                 Elephant
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 every
                 one
                 
                 of
                 them
                 she
                 put
                 a
                 Man
                 to
                 govern
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Camel
                 to
                 carry
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 they
                 appear'd
                 to
                 all
                 that
                 saw
                 them
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 really
                 such
                 Beasts
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 that
                 were
                 imploy'd
                 in
                 this
                 Work
                 wrought
                 at
                 it
                 night
                 and
                 day
                 in
                 a
                 Place
                 which
                 was
                 wall'd
                 round
                 for
                 the
                 Purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 Guards
                 set
                 at
                 every
                 Gate
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 might
                 be
                 admitted
                 either
                 to
                 go
                 in
                 or
                 out
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 none
                 might
                 see
                 what
                 they
                 were
                 doing
                 ,
                 lest
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 and
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Ears
                 of
                 the
                 Indians
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 therefore
                 provided
                 Shipping
                 and
                 Elephants
                 in
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 two
                 years
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 third
                 she
                 randezvouz'd
                 all
                 her
                 Forces
                 in
                 Bactria
                 .
                 Her
                 Army
                 consisted
                 (
                 as
                 Ctesias
                 says
                 )
                 of
                 three
                 Millions
                 of
                 Foot
                 ,
                 *
                 two
                 hundred
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 hundred
                 Thousand
                 Chariots
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 hundred
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 mounted
                 upon
                 Camels
                 with
                 Swords
                 four
                 Cubits
                 long
                 .
                 The
                 Boats
                 that
                 might
                 be
                 taken
                 asunder
                 were
                 two
                 Thousand
                 ;
                 which
                 the
                 Camels
                 carry'd
                 by
                 Land
                 as
                 they
                 did
                 the
                 Mock-Elephants
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 declar'd
                 .
                 The
                 Souldiers
                 made
                 their
                 Horses
                 familiar
                 with
                 these
                 feign'd
                 Beasts
                 by
                 bringing
                 them
                 often
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 lest
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 terrify'd
                 at
                 the
                 Sight
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 which
                 Perseus
                 imitated
                 many
                 Ages
                 after
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 fight
                 with
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 Elephants
                 in
                 their
                 Army
                 out
                 of
                 Africa
                 .
                 However
                 this
                 Contrivance
                 prov'd
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 no
                 Advantage
                 either
                 to
                 him
                 or
                 her
                 ,
                 as
                 will
                 appear
                 in
                 the
                 Issue
                 herein
                 a
                 little
                 after
                 related
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Stabrobates
                 the
                 Indian
                 King
                 heard
                 of
                 these
                 great
                 Armies
                 and
                 the
                 mighty
                 Preparations
                 made
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 did
                 all
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 excel
                 Semiramis
                 in
                 every
                 thing
                 .
                 And
                 first
                 he
                 built
                 of
                 great
                 Canes
                 four
                 Thousand
                 River-boats
                 :
                 For
                 abundance
                 of
                 these
                 Canes
                 grow
                 in
                 India
                 about
                 the
                 Rivers
                 and
                 Fenns
                 ,
                 so
                 thick
                 as
                 a
                 Man
                 can
                 scarce
                 fathom
                 :
                 And
                 Vessels
                 made
                 of
                 these
                 Reeds
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 are
                 exceeding
                 useful
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 'l
                 never
                 rot
                 or
                 be
                 worm-eaten
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 was
                 very
                 diligent
                 likewise
                 in
                 preparing
                 of
                 Arms
                 and
                 going
                 from
                 Place
                 to
                 Place
                 throughout
                 all
                 India
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 rais'd
                 a
                 far
                 greater
                 Army
                 than
                 that
                 of
                 Semiramis
                 .
                 To
                 his
                 former
                 Number
                 of
                 Elephants
                 he
                 added
                 more
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 took
                 by
                 hunting
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 them
                 all
                 with
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 might
                 make
                 them
                 look
                 terrible
                 in
                 the
                 Face
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 by
                 their
                 Multitude
                 and
                 the
                 Compleatness
                 of
                 their
                 *
                 Armour
                 in
                 all
                 Points
                 it
                 seem'd
                 above
                 the
                 Strength
                 and
                 Power
                 of
                 Man
                 to
                 bear
                 up
                 against
                 the
                 violent
                 Shock
                 of
                 these
                 Creatures
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 therefore
                 made
                 all
                 these
                 Preparations
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 Embassadours
                 to
                 Semiramis
                 (
                 as
                 she
                 was
                 on
                 her
                 March
                 towards
                 him
                 )
                 to
                 complain
                 and
                 upbraid
                 her
                 for
                 beginning
                 a
                 War
                 without
                 any
                 Provocation
                 or
                 Injury
                 offer'd
                 her
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 private
                 Letters
                 taxed
                 her
                 with
                 her
                 whorish
                 Course
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 vow'd
                 (
                 calling
                 the
                 Gods
                 to
                 witness
                 )
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 conquer'd
                 her
                 he
                 would
                 nail
                 her
                 to
                 the
                 Cross
                 .
                 When
                 she
                 read
                 the
                 Letters
                 ,
                 she
                 smil'd
                 ,
                 and
                 said
                 ,
                 the
                 Indian
                 should
                 presently
                 have
                 a
                 Trial
                 of
                 her
                 Valour
                 by
                 her
                 Actions
                 .
                 When
                 she
                 came
                 up
                 with
                 her
                 Army
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Indus
                 she
                 found
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Fleet
                 drawn
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 Line
                 of
                 Battle
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 she
                 forthwith
                 drew
                 up
                 her
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 mann'd
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 stoutest
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 joyn'd
                 Battle
                 ,
                 yet
                 so
                 ordering
                 the
                 Matter
                 as
                 to
                 have
                 her
                 Land-forces
                 ready
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 to
                 be
                 assisting
                 as
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 Occasion
                 .
                 After
                 a
                 long
                 and
                 sharp
                 Fight
                 with
                 Marks
                 of
                 Valour
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 Semiramis
                 was
                 at
                 length
                 victorious
                 ,
                 and
                 sunk
                 a
                 Thousand
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Prisoners
                 .
                 Puffed
                 up
                 with
                 this
                 Success
                 she
                 took
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 and
                 Islands
                 that
                 lay
                 in
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 a
                 hundred
                 Thousand
                 Captives
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 the
                 Indian
                 King
                 drew
                 off
                 his
                 Army
                 (
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 fled
                 for
                 Fear
                 )
                 but
                 in
                 Truth
                 to
                 decoy
                 his
                 Enemies
                 to
                 pass
                 the
                 River
                 .
              
               
                 Semiramis
                 therefore
                 (
                 seeing
                 things
                 fall
                 out
                 according
                 to
                 her
                 wish
                 )
                 laid
                 a
                 broad
                 Bridge
                 of
                 Boats
                 (
                 at
                 a
                 vast
                 Charge
                 )
                 over
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 passed
                 over
                 all
                 her
                 Forces
                 ,
                 leaving
                 only
                 threescore
                 Thousand
                 to
                 guard
                 the
                 Bridge
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 her
                 Army
                 pursu'd
                 the
                 Indians
                 .
                 She
                 plac'd
                 the
                 Mock-Elephants
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 that
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Scouts
                 might
                 presently
                 inform
                 the
                 King
                 what
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 Elephants
                 she
                 had
                 in
                 her
                 Army
                 :
                 And
                 she
                 was
                 not
                 deceiv'd
                 in
                 her
                 hopes
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 the
                 Spies
                 gave
                 an
                 Account
                 to
                 the
                 Indians
                 what
                 a
                 great
                 Multitude
                 of
                 these
                 Creatures
                 were
                 advancing
                 towards
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 all
                 in
                 amaze
                 ,
                 inquiring
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 whence
                 the
                 Assyrians
                 should
                 be
                 supply'd
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 Elephants
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Cheat
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 long
                 conceal'd
                 ,
                 for
                 some
                 of
                 
                 Semiramis's
                 Souldiers
                 being
                 
                 laid
                 by
                 the
                 Heels
                 for
                 their
                 Carelesness
                 upon
                 the
                 Guard
                 (
                 through
                 Fear
                 of
                 further
                 Punishment
                 )
                 made
                 their
                 Escape
                 and
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 undeceiv'd
                 them
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Elephants
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Indian
                 King
                 was
                 mightily
                 encourag'd
                 ,
                 and
                 caus'd
                 Notice
                 of
                 the
                 Delusion
                 to
                 be
                 spread
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 forthwith
                 march'd
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Force
                 against
                 the
                 
                   Assyrians
                   ,
                   Semiramis
                
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 doing
                 the
                 like
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 approach'd
                 near
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 Stabrobates
                 the
                 Indian
                 King
                 plac'd
                 his
                 Horse
                 and
                 Chariots
                 in
                 the
                 Van-guard
                 at
                 a
                 good
                 distance
                 before
                 the
                 main
                 Body
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 The
                 Queen
                 having
                 plac'd
                 her
                 Mock-Elephants
                 at
                 the
                 like
                 distance
                 from
                 her
                 main
                 Body
                 ,
                 valiantly
                 receiv'd
                 her
                 Enemies
                 Charge
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Indian
                 Horse
                 were
                 most
                 strangely
                 terrify'd
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 Regard
                 the
                 Phantasms
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 real
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 the
                 Horses
                 of
                 the
                 Indians
                 (
                 being
                 inur'd
                 to
                 those
                 Creatures
                 )
                 prest
                 boldly
                 and
                 undauntedly
                 forward
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 near
                 and
                 saw
                 another
                 sort
                 of
                 Beast
                 than
                 usual
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 smell
                 and
                 every
                 thing
                 else
                 almost
                 being
                 strange
                 and
                 new
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 broke
                 in
                 with
                 great
                 Terror
                 and
                 Confusion
                 ,
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 cast
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Riders
                 headlong
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 ran
                 away
                 with
                 others
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Lot
                 happen'd
                 )
                 into
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 Semiramis
                 readily
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 her
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 choice
                 Men
                 fell
                 in
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 routed
                 them
                 ,
                 forcing
                 them
                 back
                 to
                 their
                 main
                 Body
                 :
                 And
                 though
                 Stabrobates
                 was
                 something
                 astonish'd
                 at
                 this
                 unexpected
                 Defeat
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 brought
                 up
                 his
                 Foot
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 with
                 his
                 Elephants
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 :
                 He
                 himself
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 right
                 Wing
                 ,
                 mounted
                 upon
                 a
                 stately
                 Elephant
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 fierce
                 Charge
                 upon
                 the
                 Queen
                 her self
                 ,
                 who
                 happen'd
                 then
                 to
                 be
                 opposite
                 to
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 left
                 .
                 And
                 tho'
                 the
                 Mock-Elephants
                 in
                 
                 Semiramis's
                 Army
                 did
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 stood
                 the
                 violent
                 shock
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 while
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Indian
                 Beasts
                 being
                 both
                 exceeding
                 strong
                 and
                 stout
                 ,
                 easily
                 bore
                 down
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 all
                 that
                 oppos'd
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 ;
                 for
                 some
                 they
                 trampl'd
                 under
                 foot
                 ,
                 others
                 they
                 rent
                 in
                 pieces
                 with
                 their
                 Teeth
                 ,
                 and
                 toss'd
                 up
                 others
                 with
                 their
                 Trunks
                 into
                 the
                 Air.
                 The
                 Ground
                 therefore
                 being
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Heaps
                 of
                 dead
                 Carcases
                 and
                 nothing
                 but
                 Death
                 and
                 Destruction
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 on
                 every
                 hand
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 all
                 were
                 full
                 of
                 Horror
                 and
                 Amazement
                 ,
                 none
                 durst
                 keep
                 their
                 Order
                 or
                 Ranks
                 any
                 longer
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 whole
                 Assyrian
                 Army
                 fled
                 outright
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Indian
                 King
                 encountred
                 with
                 Semiramis
                 ,
                 and
                 first
                 wounded
                 her
                 with
                 an
                 Arrow
                 in
                 the
                 Arm
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 with
                 a
                 Dart
                 (
                 in
                 wheeling
                 about
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 Shoulder
                 ,
                 whereupon
                 the
                 Queen
                 (
                 her
                 Wounds
                 not
                 being
                 mortal
                 )
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Swiftness
                 of
                 her
                 Horse
                 (
                 which
                 far
                 exceeded
                 the
                 other
                 that
                 pursu'd
                 her
                 )
                 she
                 got
                 off
                 .
                 But
                 all
                 making
                 one
                 way
                 to
                 the
                 Bridge
                 of
                 Boats
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 a
                 vast
                 Multitude
                 of
                 Men
                 thronging
                 together
                 in
                 one
                 strait
                 and
                 narrow
                 Passage
                 ,
                 the
                 Queen's
                 Souldiers
                 miserably
                 perish'd
                 by
                 treading
                 down
                 one
                 another
                 under
                 foot
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 strange
                 and
                 unusual
                 )
                 Horse
                 and
                 Foot
                 lay
                 tumbling
                 promiscuously
                 one
                 over
                 another
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 came
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 the
                 Bridge
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Indians
                 at
                 their
                 Heels
                 ,
                 the
                 Consternation
                 was
                 so
                 great
                 that
                 many
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 the
                 Bridge
                 were
                 tumbled
                 over
                 into
                 the
                 River
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 remain'd
                 had
                 got
                 over
                 ;
                 Semiramis
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Cords
                 and
                 Tenons
                 of
                 the
                 Bridge
                 to
                 be
                 cut
                 ,
                 which
                 done
                 ,
                 the
                 Boats
                 (
                 which
                 were
                 before
                 joyn'd
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 which
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 Indians
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 Pursuit
                 )
                 being
                 now
                 divided
                 into
                 many
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 by
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 Current
                 ,
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 the
                 Indians
                 were
                 drown'd
                 ,
                 and
                 Semiramis
                 was
                 now
                 safe
                 and
                 secure
                 ,
                 having
                 such
                 a
                 Barrier
                 as
                 the
                 River
                 betwixt
                 her
                 and
                 her
                 enemies
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Indian
                 King
                 being
                 forewarn'd
                 by
                 Prodigies
                 from
                 Heaven
                 and
                 the
                 Opinions
                 of
                 the
                 Soothsayers
                 ,
                 forbore
                 all
                 further
                 Pursuit
                 .
                 And
                 Semiramis
                 making
                 Exchange
                 of
                 Prisoners
                 in
                 Bactra
                 return'd
                 with
                 scarce
                 a
                 third
                 part
                 of
                 her
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 little
                 time
                 after
                 Semiramis
                 being
                 assaulted
                 by
                 an
                 Eunuch
                 through
                 the
                 treacherous
                 Contrivance
                 of
                 her
                 Son
                 ,
                 remembred
                 the
                 former
                 Answer
                 given
                 her
                 by
                 the
                 Oracle
                 at
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Hammon
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 pass'd
                 the
                 Business
                 over
                 without
                 punishing
                 of
                 him
                 who
                 was
                 chiefly
                 concern'd
                 in
                 the
                 Plot
                 :
                 But
                 surrendring
                 the
                 Crown
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 commanded
                 all
                 to
                 obey
                 him
                 as
                 their
                 lawful
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 disappear'd
                 as
                 if
                 she
                 had
                 been
                 translated
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Words
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 which
                 fabulously
                 say
                 she
                 was
                 metamorphos'd
                 into
                 a
                 Pigeon
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 she
                 flew
                 away
                 with
                 a
                 Flock
                 of
                 those
                 Birds
                 that
                 lighted
                 upon
                 her
                 Palace
                 :
                 And
                 hence
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 the
                 Assyrians
                 
                 adore
                 a
                 Dove
                 ,
                 believing
                 that
                 Semiramis
                 was
                 enthron'd
                 amongst
                 the
                 Gods.
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 *
                 End
                 of
                 Semiramis
                 Queen
                 
                 of
                 all
                 Asia
                 ,
                 except
                 India
                 ,
                 after
                 she
                 had
                 liv'd
                 Sixty
                 two
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 reign'd
                 Forty
                 two
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 Things
                 which
                 Ctesias
                 the
                 Cnidian
                 reports
                 of
                 her
                 in
                 his
                 History
                 .
              
               
                 Athenaeus
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Writers
                 ,
                 affirm
                 that
                 she
                 was
                 a
                 most
                 beautiful
                 Strumpet
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Assyria
                 fell
                 in
                 Love
                 with
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 first
                 was
                 taken
                 into
                 his
                 Favour
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 becoming
                 his
                 lawful
                 Wife
                 she
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 her
                 Husband
                 to
                 grant
                 her
                 the
                 sole
                 and
                 absolute
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 regal
                 Government
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 five
                 days
                 .
                 Taking
                 therefore
                 upon
                 her
                 the
                 Scepter
                 and
                 royal
                 Mantle
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 day
                 she
                 made
                 a
                 sumptuous
                 Banquet
                 and
                 magnificent
                 Entertainments
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 she
                 invited
                 the
                 Generals
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 be
                 observant
                 to
                 all
                 her
                 Commands
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 having
                 both
                 great
                 and
                 small
                 at
                 her
                 beck
                 ,
                 she
                 committed
                 her
                 Husband
                 to
                 the
                 Goal
                 :
                 And
                 in
                 Regard
                 she
                 was
                 of
                 a
                 bold
                 and
                 daring
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 apt
                 and
                 ready
                 to
                 undertake
                 any
                 great
                 Matters
                 ,
                 she
                 easily
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 which
                 she
                 held
                 to
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 her
                 old
                 Age
                 ,
                 and
                 became
                 famous
                 for
                 her
                 many
                 great
                 and
                 wonderful
                 Acts
                 :
                 And
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 Things
                 which
                 Historians
                 variously
                 relate
                 concerning
                 her
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 II.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Ninyas
                   succeeds
                   Semiramis
                   :
                   His
                   close
                   and
                   slothful
                   Manner
                   of
                   Life
                   .
                   The
                   Reign
                   of
                   Sardanapalus
                   :
                   His
                   Luxury
                   and
                   Effeminacy
                   .
                   His
                   Epitaph
                   .
                   Depos'd
                   by
                   Arbaces
                   the
                   Mede
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Assyrian
                   Empire
                   overturn'd
                   .
                   Nineveh
                   raz'd
                   .
                
              
               
                 AFTER
                 her
                 Death
                 Ninyas
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Ninus
                 and
                 Semiramis
                 ,
                 succeeded
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 reign'd
                 peaceably
                 ,
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 like
                 his
                 Mother
                 for
                 Valour
                 and
                 martial
                 Affairs
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 spent
                 all
                 his
                 Time
                 shut
                 up
                 in
                 his
                 Place
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 never
                 seen
                 of
                 any
                 but
                 of
                 his
                 Concubines
                 and
                 Eunuchs
                 ;
                 for
                 being
                 given
                 up
                 wholly
                 to
                 his
                 Pleasures
                 ,
                 he
                 shook
                 off
                 all
                 Cares
                 and
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 might
                 be
                 irksome
                 and
                 troublesome
                 ,
                 placing
                 all
                 the
                 Happiness
                 of
                 a
                 King
                 in
                 a
                 fordid
                 Indulgence
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Voluptuousness
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 reign
                 the
                 more
                 securely
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 fear'd
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 every
                 year
                 he
                 rais'd
                 out
                 of
                 every
                 Province
                 a
                 certain
                 number
                 of
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 under
                 their
                 several
                 Generals
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 brought
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 over
                 every
                 Country
                 appointed
                 such
                 a
                 Governor
                 as
                 he
                 could
                 most
                 confide
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 most
                 at
                 his
                 Devotion
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 year
                 he
                 rais'd
                 as
                 many
                 more
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 the
                 former
                 home
                 ,
                 taking
                 first
                 of
                 them
                 an
                 Oath
                 of
                 Fidelity
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 he
                 did
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Subjects
                 observing
                 how
                 he
                 always
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ready
                 in
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 those
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 inclin'd
                 to
                 be
                 refractory
                 or
                 rebel
                 (
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 Punishment
                 )
                 might
                 continue
                 firm
                 in
                 their
                 due
                 Obedience
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 further
                 Ground
                 likewise
                 of
                 this
                 yearly
                 Change
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Officers
                 and
                 Souldiers
                 might
                 be
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 disbanded
                 before
                 they
                 could
                 have
                 time
                 to
                 be
                 well
                 acquainted
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 .
                 For
                 length
                 of
                 Time
                 in
                 martial
                 Imployments
                 so
                 improves
                 the
                 Skill
                 and
                 advances
                 the
                 Courage
                 and
                 Resolution
                 of
                 the
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 times
                 they
                 conspire
                 against
                 their
                 Princes
                 and
                 wholly
                 fall
                 off
                 from
                 their
                 Allegiance
                 .
              
               
                 His
                 living
                 thus
                 close
                 and
                 unseen
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 Covert
                 to
                 the
                 Voluptuous
                 Course
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 (
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 a
                 God
                 )
                 none
                 durst
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 mutter
                 any
                 thing
                 against
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 (
                 creating
                 Commanders
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 constituting
                 of
                 Governors
                 in
                 the
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 appointing
                 the
                 Chamberlains
                 and
                 Officers
                 of
                 his
                 Houshold
                 ,
                 placing
                 of
                 Judges
                 in
                 their
                 several
                 Countries
                 ,
                 and
                 ordering
                 and
                 disposing
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 Matters
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 sit
                 most
                 for
                 his
                 own
                 Advantage
                 )
                 he
                 spent
                 his
                 Days
                 in
                 Nineve
                 .
              
               
               
                 After
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 almost
                 liv'd
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Thirty
                 Generations
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 continu'd
                 Line
                 of
                 Succession
                 from
                 Father
                 to
                 Son
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Reign
                 of
                 Sardanapalus
                 ;
                 in
                 whose
                 time
                 
                 the
                 Empire
                 of
                 the
                 Assyrians
                 devolv'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Medes
                 ,
                 after
                 it
                 had
                 continu'd
                 above
                 Thirteen
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Sixty
                 Years
                 ,
                 as
                 Ctesias
                 the
                 Cnidian
                 says
                 in
                 his
                 Second
                 Book
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 's
                 needless
                 to
                 recite
                 their
                 Names
                 ,
                 or
                 how
                 long
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 reign'd
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 none
                 of
                 them
                 did
                 any
                 thing
                 worth
                 remembring
                 ,
                 save
                 only
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 deserve
                 an
                 Account
                 how
                 the
                 Assyrians
                 assisted
                 the
                 Trojans
                 ,
                 by
                 sending
                 them
                 some
                 Forces
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Memnon
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Tithon
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 when
                 *
                 Teutamus
                 reign'd
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 Twentieth
                 from
                 Ninyas
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Semiramis
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 the
                 Grecians
                 under
                 their
                 General
                 Agamemnon
                 ,
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Trojans
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 the
                 Assyrians
                 had
                 been
                 Lords
                 of
                 Asia
                 above
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Years
                 .
                 For
                 Priam
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Troy
                 (
                 being
                 a
                 Prince
                 under
                 the
                 Assyrian
                 Empire
                 ,
                 when
                 War
                 was
                 made
                 upon
                 him
                 )
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 crave
                 aid
                 of
                 Teutamus
                 ,
                 who
                 sent
                 him
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 Ethiopians
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Susiana
                 ,
                 with
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Chariots
                 under
                 the
                 Conduct
                 of
                 Memnon
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Tithon
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Tithon
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 was
                 Governor
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 special
                 Favour
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 above
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Princes
                 :
                 And
                 Memnon
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 Flower
                 of
                 his
                 Age
                 ,
                 strong
                 and
                 couragious
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 built
                 a
                 Pallace
                 in
                 the
                 Cittadel
                 of
                 Susa
                 ,
                 which
                 retain'd
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Memnonia
                 to
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Empire
                 .
                 He
                 pav'd
                 also
                 there
                 a
                 Common
                 High-way
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 call'd
                 
                 Memnon's
                 Way
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 of
                 Egypt
                 question
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 say
                 that
                 Memnon
                 was
                 their
                 Country-man
                 ,
                 and
                 shew
                 several
                 antient
                 Palaces
                 which
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 retain
                 his
                 Name
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 ,
                 being
                 call'd
                 
                 Memnon's
                 Palaces
                 .
              
               
                 Notwithstanding
                 ,
                 however
                 it
                 be
                 as
                 to
                 this
                 matter
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 generally
                 and
                 constantly
                 held
                 for
                 a
                 certain
                 Truth
                 ,
                 that
                 Memnon
                 led
                 to
                 Troy
                 Twenty
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Chariots
                 ,
                 and
                 signaliz'd
                 his
                 Valour
                 with
                 great
                 Honour
                 and
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Death
                 and
                 Destruction
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 till
                 at
                 length
                 he
                 was
                 slain
                 by
                 an
                 Ambuscade
                 laid
                 for
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 recover'd
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 burnt
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 back
                 his
                 Bones
                 to
                 Tithon
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 things
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 say
                 are
                 recorded
                 of
                 Memnon
                 in
                 the
                 Histories
                 of
                 their
                 Kings
                 .
              
               
                 Sardanapalus
                 ,
                 the
                 Thirtieth
                 from
                 Ninus
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 last
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Assyrians
                 ,
                 exceeded
                 
                 all
                 his
                 Predecessors
                 in
                 Sloth
                 and
                 Luxury
                 ;
                 for
                 besides
                 that
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 seen
                 of
                 none
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Family
                 ,
                 he
                 led
                 a
                 most
                 effeminate
                 Life
                 :
                 For
                 wallowing
                 in
                 pleasure
                 and
                 wanton
                 Dalliances
                 ,
                 he
                 cloathed
                 himself
                 in
                 Womens
                 Attire
                 ,
                 and
                 spun
                 fine
                 Wool
                 and
                 Purple
                 amongst
                 the
                 throngs
                 of
                 his
                 Whores
                 and
                 Concubines
                 .
                 He
                 painted
                 likewise
                 his
                 Face
                 ,
                 and
                 deckt
                 his
                 whole
                 Body
                 with
                 other
                 Allurements
                 like
                 a
                 Strumpet
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 more
                 lascivious
                 than
                 the
                 most
                 wanton
                 Curtezan
                 .
                 He
                 imitated
                 likewise
                 a
                 Womans
                 Voice
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 only
                 daily
                 inured
                 himself
                 to
                 such
                 Meat
                 and
                 Drink
                 as
                 might
                 incite
                 and
                 stir
                 up
                 his
                 lascivious
                 Lusts
                 ,
                 but
                 gratify'd
                 them
                 by
                 filthy
                 *
                 Catamites
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 Whores
                 and
                 Strumpets
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 all
                 sense
                 of
                 Modesty
                 ,
                 abusing
                 both
                 Sexes
                 ,
                 slighted
                 Shame
                 ,
                 the
                 concomitant
                 of
                 filthy
                 and
                 impure
                 Actions
                 ;
                 and
                 proceeded
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 degree
                 of
                 Voluptuousness
                 and
                 sordid
                 Uncleanness
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 compos'd
                 Verses
                 for
                 his
                 Epitaph
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Command
                 to
                 his
                 Successors
                 
                 to
                 have
                 them
                 inscrib'd
                 upon
                 his
                 Tomb
                 after
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 thus
                 Translated
                 by
                 a
                 †
                 Grecian
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarian
                 Language
                 ,
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Haec
                   habeo
                   quae
                   edi
                   ,
                   quaeque
                   exsaturata
                   Libido
                   .
                   
                
                 
                   Hausit
                   ,
                   at
                   illa
                   jacent
                   multa
                   ac
                   praeclara
                   relicta
                   .
                   
                
              
               
               
                 Being
                 thus
                 corrupt
                 in
                 his
                 Morals
                 ,
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 came
                 to
                 a
                 miserable
                 end
                 himself
                 ,
                 but
                 utterly
                 overturn'd
                 the
                 Assyrian
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 continu'd
                 longer
                 than
                 any
                 we
                 read
                 of
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 Arbaces
                 a
                 Mede
                 ,
                 a
                 Valiant
                 and
                 Prudent
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Forces
                 
                 which
                 were
                 sent
                 every
                 Year
                 out
                 of
                 Media
                 to
                 Ninive
                 ,
                 was
                 stir'd
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 Governor
                 of
                 Babylon
                 (
                 his
                 Fellow
                 Soldier
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 contracted
                 an
                 intimate
                 familiarity
                 )
                 to
                 overthrow
                 the
                 Assyrian
                 Empire
                 .
                 This
                 Captain
                 's
                 Name
                 was
                 *
                 Belesis
                 ,
                 a
                 most
                 Famous
                 Babylonian
                 Priest
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 call'd
                 Caldeans
                 ,
                 expert
                 in
                 Astrology
                 and
                 Divination
                 ;
                 of
                 great
                 Reputation
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 foretelling
                 future
                 Events
                 ,
                 which
                 happen'd
                 accordingly
                 .
                 Amongst
                 others
                 ,
                 he
                 told
                 his
                 Friend
                 ,
                 the
                 Median
                 General
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 depose
                 Sardanapalus
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 Lord
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Dominions
                 .
                 Arbaces
                 hereupon
                 hearkning
                 to
                 what
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 promis'd
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 succeeded
                 in
                 his
                 Attempt
                 ,
                 Belesis
                 should
                 be
                 chief
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Babylon
                 :
                 Being
                 therefore
                 fully
                 persuaded
                 of
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 what
                 was
                 foretold
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 it
                 from
                 an
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 he
                 enter'd
                 into
                 an
                 Association
                 with
                 the
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 feasting
                 and
                 caressing
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 gain'd
                 all
                 their
                 Hearts
                 and
                 Affections
                 .
                 He
                 made
                 it
                 likewise
                 his
                 great
                 business
                 to
                 get
                 a
                 sight
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 observe
                 the
                 Course
                 and
                 manner
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 ;
                 to
                 this
                 end
                 he
                 bestow'd
                 a
                 Cup
                 of
                 Gold
                 upon
                 an
                 Eunuch
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 being
                 introduc'd
                 into
                 the
                 King's
                 Presence
                 ,
                 he
                 perfectly
                 came
                 to
                 understand
                 his
                 Laciviousness
                 ,
                 and
                 Esseminate
                 course
                 of
                 Life
                 .
                 Upon
                 sight
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 contemn'd
                 and
                 despis'd
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 Vile
                 and
                 Worthless
                 Wretch
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 was
                 much
                 more
                 earnest
                 to
                 accomplish
                 what
                 the
                 Chaldean
                 had
                 before
                 declar'd
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 he
                 conspir'd
                 with
                 Belesis
                 so
                 far
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 himself
                 persuaded
                 the
                 Medes
                 and
                 Persians
                 to
                 a
                 defection
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 brought
                 the
                 Babylonians
                 into
                 the
                 Confederacy
                 .
                 He
                 imparted
                 likewise
                 his
                 Design
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Arabia
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 his
                 special
                 Friend
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Years
                 attendance
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 being
                 at
                 an
                 end
                 ,
                 new
                 Troops
                 succeeded
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 into
                 their
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 former
                 were
                 sent
                 every
                 one
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 into
                 their
                 several
                 Countries
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 Arbaces
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 the
                 Medes
                 to
                 invade
                 the
                 Assyrian
                 Empire
                 ,
                 and
                 drew
                 in
                 the
                 Persians
                 in
                 hopes
                 of
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 to
                 join
                 in
                 the
                 Confederacy
                 .
                 Belesis
                 in
                 like
                 manner
                 persuaded
                 the
                 Babylonians
                 to
                 stand
                 up
                 for
                 their
                 Liberties
                 .
                 He
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 also
                 into
                 Arabia
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 that
                 Prince
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 both
                 his
                 Friend
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 been
                 his
                 Guest
                 )
                 for
                 a
                 Confederate
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 therefore
                 the
                 Yearly
                 Course
                 was
                 run
                 out
                 ,
                 all
                 these
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Forces
                 flockt
                 together
                 to
                 Nineve
                 ,
                 in
                 shew
                 to
                 serve
                 their
                 Turn
                 according
                 to
                 custom
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 truth
                 to
                 overturn
                 the
                 Assyrian
                 Empire
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 number
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 now
                 got
                 together
                 out
                 of
                 those
                 Four
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 amounted
                 to
                 Four
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 Men.
                 All
                 these
                 (
                 being
                 now
                 in
                 one
                 Camp
                 )
                 call'd
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 consult
                 what
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 .
              
               
                 Sardanapalus
                 being
                 inform'd
                 of
                 the
                 Revolt
                 ,
                 led
                 forth
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 against
                 them
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 a
                 Battel
                 being
                 fought
                 ,
                 the
                 Rebels
                 were
                 totally
                 routed
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 the
                 Mountains
                 Seventy
                 Furlongs
                 from
                 Nineve
                 .
              
               
                 Being
                 drawn
                 up
                 a
                 Second
                 time
                 in
                 Battalia
                 to
                 try
                 their
                 Fortune
                 in
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 fac'd
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 Sardanapalus
                 caus'd
                 a
                 Proclamation
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 Heralds
                 ,
                 that
                 whosoever
                 kill'd
                 Arbaces
                 the
                 Mede
                 ,
                 should
                 receive
                 as
                 a
                 Reward
                 ,
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Talents
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 double
                 the
                 Sum
                 to
                 him
                 (
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 
                   Media
                   ,
                
                 )
                 who
                 should
                 take
                 him
                 alive
                 .
                 The
                 like
                 Sum
                 he
                 promis'd
                 to
                 such
                 as
                 should
                 kill
                 Belesis
                 ,
                 or
                 take
                 him
                 alive
                 .
                 But
                 none
                 being
                 wrought
                 upon
                 by
                 these
                 Promises
                 ,
                 he
                 fought
                 them
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Rebels
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 fly
                 to
                 their
                 Camp
                 upon
                 the
                 Hills
                 .
                 Arbaces
                 being
                 disheartn'd
                 with
                 these
                 Misfortunes
                 ,
                 call'd
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 to
                 consider
                 what
                 was
                 sit
                 further
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 :
                 The
                 greater
                 part
                 were
                 for
                 returning
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Countries
                 ,
                 and
                 possess
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 strongest
                 Places
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 fit
                 and
                 furnish
                 themselves
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 further
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 War.
                 But
                 when
                 Belesis
                 the
                 Babylonian
                 assur'd
                 them
                 that
                 the
                 Gods
                 promis'd
                 ,
                 that
                 after
                 many
                 Toyls
                 and
                 Labours
                 they
                 should
                 have
                 good
                 Success
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 should
                 end
                 well
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 us'd
                 several
                 other
                 Arguments
                 (
                 such
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 best
                 )
                 he
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 them
                 to
                 resolve
                 to
                 run
                 through
                 all
                 the
                 hazards
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
               
                 Another
                 Battle
                 therefore
                 was
                 fought
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 King
                 gain'd
                 a
                 third
                 Victory
                 ,
                 and
                 pursu'd
                 the
                 Revolters
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Mountains
                 of
                 Babylon
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Fight
                 Arbaces
                 himself
                 was
                 wounded
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 fought
                 stoutly
                 ,
                 and
                 slew
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Assyrians
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Hand
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 so
                 many
                 Defeats
                 and
                 Misfortunes
                 one
                 upon
                 the
                 neck
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 the
                 Conspirators
                 altogether
                 despair'd
                 of
                 Victory
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Commanders
                 resolv'd
                 every
                 one
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 .
                 But
                 Belesis
                 ,
                 who
                 lay
                 all
                 that
                 Night
                 Star-gazing
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Field
                 ,
                 prognosticated
                 to
                 them
                 the
                 next
                 day
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 would
                 but
                 continue
                 together
                 Five
                 Days
                 ,
                 unexpected
                 Help
                 would
                 come
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 would
                 see
                 a
                 mighty
                 change
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Affairs
                 would
                 have
                 a
                 contrary
                 aspect
                 to
                 what
                 they
                 then
                 had
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 affirm'd
                 ,
                 that
                 through
                 his
                 Knowledge
                 in
                 Astrology
                 ,
                 he
                 understood
                 that
                 the
                 Gods
                 portended
                 so
                 much
                 by
                 the
                 Stars
                 ;
                 therefore
                 he
                 intreated
                 them
                 to
                 stay
                 so
                 many
                 days
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 trial
                 of
                 his
                 Art
                 ,
                 and
                 wait
                 so
                 long
                 to
                 have
                 an
                 Experiment
                 of
                 the
                 Goodness
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 
              
               
                 All
                 being
                 thus
                 brought
                 back
                 ,
                 and
                 waiting
                 till
                 the
                 time
                 appointed
                 ,
                 News
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 was
                 brought
                 that
                 mighty
                 Forces
                 were
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 out
                 of
                 Bactria
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 Arbac●s
                 resolv'd
                 with
                 the
                 stoutest
                 and
                 swiftest
                 Soldiers
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 to
                 make
                 out
                 against
                 the
                 Captains
                 that
                 were
                 advancing
                 ,
                 and
                 either
                 by
                 fair
                 words
                 to
                 perswade
                 them
                 to
                 a
                 defection
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 Blows
                 to
                 force
                 them
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 Design
                 .
                 But
                 Liberty
                 being
                 sweet
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 first
                 the
                 Captains
                 and
                 Commanders
                 were
                 easily
                 wrought
                 upon
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 after
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 join'd
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 up
                 one
                 intire
                 Camp
                 together
                 .
                 It
                 happen'd
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Assyria
                 not
                 knowing
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 the
                 Revolt
                 of
                 the
                 Bactrians
                 ,
                 and
                 puft
                 up
                 by
                 his
                 former
                 Successes
                 ,
                 was
                 indulging
                 his
                 Sloath
                 and
                 Idleness
                 ,
                 and
                 preparing
                 Beasts
                 for
                 Sacrifice
                 ,
                 plenty
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 necessary
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 feast
                 and
                 entertain
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 was
                 now
                 feasting
                 and
                 revelling
                 ,
                 Arbaces
                 (
                 receiving
                 intelligence
                 by
                 some
                 Deserters
                 of
                 the
                 Security
                 and
                 Intemperance
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 )
                 fell
                 in
                 upon
                 them
                 on
                 the
                 sudden
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 in
                 due
                 order
                 and
                 discipline
                 ,
                 and
                 setting
                 upon
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 in
                 confusion
                 ,
                 he
                 being
                 before
                 prepar'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 altogether
                 unprovided
                 ,
                 they
                 easily
                 broke
                 into
                 their
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 some
                 ,
                 forcing
                 the
                 rest
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 Hereupon
                 Sardanapalus
                 committed
                 the
                 charge
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 to
                 Salemenus
                 his
                 Wife's
                 Brother
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 upon
                 himself
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Rebels
                 twice
                 defeated
                 the
                 King's
                 Forces
                 ,
                 once
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Field
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Second
                 time
                 before
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 last
                 ingagement
                 Salemenus
                 was
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 all
                 his
                 Army
                 lost
                 ,
                 some
                 being
                 cut
                 off
                 in
                 the
                 pursuit
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 (
                 save
                 a
                 very
                 few
                 )
                 being
                 intercepted
                 ,
                 and
                 prevented
                 from
                 entring
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 were
                 driven
                 headlong
                 into
                 the
                 River
                 Euphrates
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Slain
                 was
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 River
                 was
                 dy'd
                 over
                 with
                 Blood
                 ,
                 and
                 retain'd
                 that
                 Colour
                 for
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 long
                 course
                 together
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 King
                 being
                 afterwards
                 besieg'd
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Nations
                 (
                 through
                 desire
                 of
                 Liberty
                 )
                 revolted
                 to
                 the
                 Confederates
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 Sardanapalus
                 now
                 perceiving
                 that
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 was
                 like
                 to
                 be
                 lost
                 ,
                 sent
                 away
                 his
                 Three
                 Sons
                 and
                 Two
                 Daughters
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Treasure
                 into
                 Paphlagonia
                 ,
                 to
                 Cotta
                 the
                 Governor
                 there
                 ,
                 his
                 most
                 intire
                 Friend
                 ;
                 and
                 sent
                 Posts
                 into
                 all
                 the
                 Provinces
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 raise
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 all
                 other
                 Preparations
                 necessary
                 to
                 indure
                 a
                 Siege
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 more
                 incouraged
                 to
                 this
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 acquainted
                 with
                 an
                 ancient
                 Prophesy
                 ,
                 That
                 Nineve
                 
                   could
                   never
                   be
                   taken
                   by
                   force
                   ,
                   till
                   the
                   River
                   became
                   the
                   City's
                   Enemy
                
                 ;
                 which
                 the
                 more
                 incourag'd
                 him
                 to
                 hold
                 out
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 conceiv'd
                 that
                 was
                 never
                 like
                 to
                 be
                 ;
                 therefore
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 indure
                 the
                 Siege
                 till
                 the
                 Aids
                 which
                 he
                 expected
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 came
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Enemy
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 grown
                 more
                 couragious
                 by
                 their
                 Successes
                 ,
                 eagerly
                 urg'd
                 on
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 but
                 made
                 little
                 impression
                 on
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 ;
                 for
                 Ballistes
                 to
                 cast
                 Stones
                 ,
                 Testudos
                 to
                 cast
                 up
                 Mounts
                 ,
                 and
                 Battering
                 Rams
                 were
                 not
                 known
                 in
                 those
                 Ages
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 (
                 to
                 say
                 truth
                 )
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 been
                 very
                 careful
                 (
                 as
                 to
                 what
                 concern'd
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 place
                 )
                 plentifully
                 to
                 furnish
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 with
                 every
                 thing
                 necessary
                 .
                 The
                 Siege
                 continu'd
                 Two
                 Years
                 ,
                 during
                 which
                 time
                 nothing
                 was
                 done
                 to
                 any
                 purpose
                 ,
                 save
                 that
                 the
                 Walls
                 were
                 sometimes
                 assaulted
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 pen'd
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 Third
                 Year
                 it
                 happened
                 that
                 Euphrates
                 overflowing
                 with
                 continual
                 Rains
                 ,
                 came
                 up
                 into
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 tore
                 down
                 the
                 Wall
                 Twenty
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 
                 length
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 hereupon
                 conceiving
                 that
                 the
                 Oracle
                 was
                 accomplish'd
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 the
                 River
                 was
                 an
                 apparent
                 Enemy
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 utterly
                 despair'd
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 not
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 he
                 caus'd
                 a
                 huge
                 Pile
                 of
                 Wood
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 in
                 his
                 Palace
                 Court
                 ,
                 and
                 heapt
                 together
                 upon
                 it
                 all
                 his
                 Gold
                 ,
                 Silver
                 ,
                 and
                 Royal
                 Apparel
                 ,
                 and
                 enclosing
                 his
                 Eunuchs
                 and
                 Concubines
                 in
                 an
                 Apartment
                 within
                 the
                 Pile
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 set
                 on
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 burnt
                 himself
                 and
                 them
                 together
                 ,
                 which
                 when
                 the
                 Revolters
                 came
                 to
                 understand
                 ,
                 they
                 enter'd
                 through
                 the
                 Breach
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 cloath'd
                 Arbaces
                 with
                 a
                 Royal
                 Robe
                 ,
                 and
                 committed
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 sole
                 Authority
                 ,
                 proclaiming
                 him
                 King.
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 rewarded
                 his
                 Followers
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 demerit
                 ,
                 and
                 appointed
                 Governors
                 over
                 the
                 several
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 Belesis
                 the
                 Babylonian
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 foretold
                 his
                 advancement
                 to
                 the
                 Throne
                 ,
                 put
                 him
                 in
                 mind
                 of
                 his
                 Services
                 ,
                 and
                 demanded
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 promis'd
                 him
                 .
                 He
                 told
                 him
                 likewise
                 of
                 a
                 Vow
                 that
                 he
                 himself
                 had
                 made
                 to
                 Belus
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 Sardanapalus
                 was
                 conquer'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Palace
                 consum'd
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 carry
                 the
                 Ashes
                 to
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 raise
                 a
                 Mount
                 near
                 to
                 his
                 Temple
                 ,
                 which
                 should
                 be
                 an
                 eternal
                 Monument
                 to
                 all
                 that
                 sail'd
                 through
                 Euphrates
                 ,
                 in
                 memory
                 of
                 him
                 that
                 overturn'd
                 the
                 Assyrian
                 Empire
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 which
                 in
                 truth
                 induc'd
                 him
                 to
                 make
                 this
                 Request
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 inform'd
                 of
                 the
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 by
                 an
                 Eunuch
                 (
                 that
                 was
                 a
                 Deserter
                 )
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 hid
                 and
                 conceal'd
                 :
                 Arbaces
                 therefore
                 being
                 ignorant
                 of
                 the
                 Contrivance
                 (
                 because
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 beside
                 this
                 Eunuch
                 ,
                 were
                 consum'd
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 )
                 granted
                 to
                 him
                 liberty
                 both
                 to
                 carry
                 away
                 the
                 Ashes
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 the
                 absolute
                 Government
                 of
                 Babylon
                 without
                 paying
                 any
                 Tribute
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 Belesis
                 forthwith
                 prepar'd
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 and
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Ashes
                 carry'd
                 away
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 to
                 Babylon
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 King
                 came
                 plainly
                 to
                 understand
                 the
                 Cheat
                 ,
                 he
                 committed
                 the
                 Examination
                 and
                 Decision
                 of
                 this
                 Theft
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 Captains
                 who
                 were
                 his
                 Assistants
                 in
                 the
                 deposing
                 of
                 
                   Sardanapalus
                   .
                   Belesis
                
                 upon
                 his
                 Trial
                 confess'd
                 the
                 Fact
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 they
                 condemn'd
                 him
                 to
                 lose
                 his
                 Head.
                 But
                 the
                 King
                 being
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 a
                 noble
                 and
                 generous
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 willing
                 to
                 adorn
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 with
                 the
                 Marks
                 of
                 his
                 Grace
                 and
                 Mercy
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 pardon'd
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 freely
                 gave
                 him
                 all
                 the
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 which
                 had
                 been
                 carry'd
                 away
                 ;
                 neither
                 did
                 he
                 deprive
                 him
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 he
                 conferr'd
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   his
                   former
                   good
                   Services
                   did
                   overballance
                   the
                   Injuries
                   afterwards
                   .
                
                 This
                 gracious
                 Disposition
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 being
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 ,
                 he
                 thereby
                 not
                 only
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 his
                 People
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Name
                 famous
                 among
                 all
                 the
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 judg'd
                 him
                 worthy
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 so
                 compassionate
                 and
                 gracious
                 to
                 Offenders
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 like
                 Clemency
                 he
                 shew'd
                 to
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Nineve
                 ;
                 for
                 though
                 he
                 disspers'd
                 them
                 into
                 several
                 Country
                 Villages
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 restor'd
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 their
                 Estates
                 ,
                 but
                 raz'd
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 ground
                 .
                 
              
               
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Silver
                 and
                 Gold
                 that
                 could
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 Pile
                 (
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 Talents
                 )
                 he
                 convey'd
                 to
                 Ecbatana
                 the
                 Seat
                 Royal
                 of
                 Media
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 thus
                 was
                 the
                 Assyrian
                 Empire
                 overturn'd
                 by
                 the
                 Medes
                 
                 after
                 it
                 had
                 continu'd
                 Thirty
                 Generations
                 ;
                 from
                 Ninus
                 above
                 Fourteen
                 Hundred
                 Years
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 III.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   Ancient
                   Chaldeans
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   Philosophy
                   .
                   The
                   Planets
                   and
                   their
                   Course
                   .
                   The
                   Empire
                   of
                   the
                   Medes
                   and
                   their
                   Kings
                   .
                   A
                   Description
                   of
                   India
                   :
                   The
                   ancient
                   Manners
                   and
                   Customs
                   of
                   the
                   People
                   .
                   Their
                   Laws
                   ;
                   Tribes
                   .
                   A
                   Description
                   of
                   Scythia
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   Amazons
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   Hyperboreans
                   .
                
              
               
                 HEre
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 amiss
                 to
                 say
                 something
                 of
                 the
                 Chaldeans
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Babylonians
                 call
                 them
                 )
                 and
                 of
                 their
                 Antiquity
                 ,
                 that
                 nothing
                 worth
                 Remark
                 may
                 be
                 omitted
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 being
                 the
                 most
                 ancient
                 Babylonians
                 ,
                 hold
                 the
                 same
                 station
                 and
                 dignity
                 in
                 
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 as
                 the
                 Egyptian
                 Priests
                 do
                 in
                 Egypt
                 :
                 For
                 being
                 deputed
                 to
                 Divine
                 Offices
                 ,
                 they
                 spend
                 all
                 their
                 Time
                 in
                 the
                 study
                 of
                 Philosophy
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 especially
                 famous
                 for
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Astrology
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 mightily
                 given
                 to
                 Divination
                 ,
                 and
                 foretel
                 future
                 Events
                 ,
                 and
                 imploy
                 themselves
                 either
                 by
                 Purifications
                 ,
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 or
                 other
                 Inchantments
                 to
                 avert
                 Evils
                 ,
                 or
                 procure
                 good
                 Fortune
                 and
                 Success
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 skilful
                 likewise
                 in
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Divination
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 flying
                 of
                 Birds
                 ,
                 and
                 interpreting
                 of
                 Dreams
                 and
                 Prodigies
                 :
                 And
                 are
                 reputed
                 as
                 true
                 Oracles
                 (
                 in
                 declaring
                 what
                 will
                 come
                 to
                 pass
                 )
                 by
                 their
                 exact
                 and
                 diligent
                 viewing
                 the
                 Intrals
                 of
                 the
                 Sacrifices
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 attain
                 not
                 to
                 this
                 Knowledge
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 
                 as
                 the
                 Grecians
                 do
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Chaldeans
                 learn
                 it
                 by
                 Tradition
                 from
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 from
                 the
                 Father
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 all
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 free
                 from
                 all
                 other
                 publick
                 Offices
                 and
                 Attendances
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 their
                 Parents
                 are
                 their
                 Tutors
                 ,
                 they
                 both
                 learn
                 every
                 thing
                 without
                 Envy
                 ,
                 and
                 rely
                 with
                 more
                 confidence
                 upon
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 what
                 is
                 taught
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 train'd
                 up
                 in
                 this
                 Learning
                 from
                 their
                 very
                 Childhood
                 ,
                 they
                 become
                 most
                 famous
                 Philosophers
                 ,
                 (
                 that
                 Age
                 being
                 most
                 capable
                 of
                 Learning
                 ,
                 wherein
                 they
                 spend
                 much
                 of
                 their
                 time
                 .
                 )
                 But
                 the
                 Grecians
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 come
                 raw
                 to
                 this
                 study
                 ,
                 unfitted
                 and
                 unprepar'd
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 long
                 before
                 they
                 attain
                 to
                 the
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 this
                 Philosophy
                 :
                 And
                 after
                 they
                 have
                 spent
                 some
                 small
                 time
                 in
                 this
                 Study
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 many
                 times
                 call'd
                 off
                 and
                 forc'd
                 to
                 leave
                 it
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 get
                 a
                 Livelihood
                 and
                 Subsistence
                 .
                 And
                 although
                 some
                 few
                 do
                 industriously
                 apply
                 themselves
                 to
                 Philosophy
                 ,
                 yet
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 Gain
                 ,
                 these
                 very
                 Men
                 are
                 opinionative
                 ,
                 and
                 ever
                 and
                 anon
                 starting
                 new
                 and
                 high
                 Points
                 ,
                 and
                 never
                 fix
                 in
                 the
                 steps
                 of
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 keeping
                 constantly
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 ,
                 attain
                 to
                 a
                 perfect
                 and
                 distinct
                 Knowledge
                 in
                 every
                 particular
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Grecians
                 cunningly
                 catching
                 at
                 all
                 Opportunities
                 of
                 Gain
                 ,
                 make
                 new
                 Sects
                 and
                 Parties
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 contrary
                 Opinions
                 wrangling
                 and
                 quarelling
                 concerning
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Points
                 ,
                 lead
                 their
                 Scholars
                 into
                 a
                 Maze
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 uncertain
                 and
                 doubtful
                 what
                 to
                 pitch
                 upon
                 for
                 certain
                 truth
                 ,
                 their
                 Minds
                 are
                 fluctuating
                 and
                 in
                 suspence
                 all
                 the
                 days
                 of
                 their
                 Lives
                 ,
                 and
                 unable
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 certain
                 assent
                 unto
                 any
                 thing
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 any
                 Man
                 will
                 but
                 examine
                 the
                 most
                 eminent
                 Sects
                 of
                 the
                 Philosophers
                 ,
                 he
                 shall
                 find
                 them
                 much
                 differing
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 opposing
                 one
                 another
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 weighty
                 parts
                 of
                 their
                 Philosophy
                 .
                 But
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 Chaldeans
                 ,
                 they
                 hold
                 that
                 the
                 World
                 is
                 eternal
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 neither
                 any
                 certain
                 Beginning
                 ,
                 nor
                 shall
                 have
                 any
                 End
                 ;
                 but
                 all
                 agree
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 things
                 are
                 order'd
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 beautiful
                 Fabrick
                 is
                 supported
                 by
                 a
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Motions
                 of
                 the
                 Heavens
                 are
                 not
                 perform'd
                 by
                 chance
                 and
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 a
                 certain
                 and
                 determinate
                 Will
                 and
                 Appointment
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 
              
               
                 Therefore
                 from
                 a
                 long
                 observation
                 of
                 the
                 Stars
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 exact
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 motions
                 and
                 influences
                 of
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 wherein
                 they
                 excel
                 all
                 others
                 ,
                 they
                 foretel
                 many
                 things
                 that
                 are
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 pass
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 say
                 that
                 the
                 Five
                 Stars
                 which
                 some
                 call
                 Planets
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 Interpreters
                 ,
                 are
                 most
                 worthy
                 of
                 Consideration
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 their
                 motions
                 and
                 their
                 remarkable
                 influences
                 ,
                 especially
                 that
                 which
                 the
                 Grecians
                 call
                 Saturn
                 .
                 The
                 brightest
                 of
                 them
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 often
                 portends
                 many
                 and
                 great
                 Events
                 ,
                 they
                 call
                 *
                 Sol
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 Four
                 they
                 name
                 †
                 Mars
                 ,
                 *
                 Venus
                 ,
                 †
                 Mercury
                 and
                 *
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 with
                 our
                 own
                 Country
                 Astrologers
                 .
                 They
                 give
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Interpreters
                 to
                 these
                 Stars
                 ,
                 because
                 these
                 only
                 
                 by
                 a
                 peculiar
                 Motion
                 do
                 portend
                 things
                 to
                 come
                 ,
                 and
                 instead
                 of
                 Jupiters
                 ,
                 do
                 declare
                 to
                 Men
                 before-hand
                 the
                 good-will
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ;
                 whereas
                 the
                 other
                 Stars
                 (
                 not
                 being
                 of
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Planets
                 )
                 have
                 a
                 constant
                 ordinary
                 motion
                 .
                 Future
                 Events
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 are
                 pointed
                 at
                 sometimes
                 by
                 their
                 Rising
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 by
                 their
                 Setting
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 other
                 times
                 by
                 their
                 Colour
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 experienc'd
                 by
                 those
                 that
                 will
                 diligently
                 observe
                 it
                 ;
                 sometimes
                 foreshewing
                 Hurricanes
                 ,
                 at
                 other
                 times
                 Tempestuous
                 Rains
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 again
                 exceeding
                 Droughts
                 .
                 By
                 these
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 are
                 often
                 portended
                 the
                 appearance
                 of
                 Comets
                 ,
                 Eclipses
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 and
                 Moon
                 ,
                 Earthquakes
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 the
                 various
                 Changes
                 and
                 remarkable
                 effects
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 boding
                 good
                 and
                 bad
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 Nations
                 in
                 general
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 Kings
                 and
                 Private
                 Persons
                 in
                 particular
                 .
                 Under
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 these
                 Planets
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 are
                 Thirty
                 Stars
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 Counselling
                 Gods
                 ,
                 half
                 of
                 whom
                 observe
                 what
                 is
                 done
                 under
                 
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 half
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 the
                 actions
                 of
                 Men
                 upon
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 is
                 transacted
                 in
                 the
                 Heavens
                 .
                 Once
                 every
                 Ten
                 Days
                 space
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 highest
                 Order
                 of
                 these
                 Stars
                 descends
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 are
                 of
                 the
                 lowest
                 ,
                 like
                 a
                 Messenger
                 sent
                 from
                 them
                 above
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 again
                 another
                 ascends
                 from
                 those
                 below
                 to
                 them
                 above
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 this
                 is
                 their
                 constant
                 natural
                 motion
                 to
                 continue
                 for
                 ever
                 .
                 The
                 chief
                 of
                 these
                 Gods
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 are
                 Twelve
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 to
                 
                 each
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 attribute
                 a
                 Month
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 Sign
                 of
                 the
                 Twelve
                 in
                 the
                 Zodiack
                 .
              
               
                 Through
                 these
                 Twelve
                 Signs
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 Moon
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Five
                 Planets
                 run
                 
                 their
                 Course
                 .
                 The
                 Sun
                 in
                 a
                 Years
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Moon
                 in
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 a
                 Month.
                 
              
               
                 To
                 every
                 of
                 the
                 Planets
                 they
                 assign
                 their
                 own
                 proper
                 Courses
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 perform'd
                 variously
                 in
                 lesser
                 or
                 shorter
                 time
                 according
                 as
                 their
                 several
                 motions
                 are
                 quicker
                 or
                 slower
                 .
                 These
                 Stars
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 have
                 a
                 great
                 influence
                 both
                 as
                 to
                 good
                 and
                 bad
                 in
                 Mens
                 Nativities
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 the
                 consideration
                 of
                 their
                 several
                 Natures
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 foreknown
                 what
                 will
                 befal
                 Men
                 afterwards
                 .
                 As
                 they
                 foretold
                 things
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 other
                 Kings
                 formerly
                 ,
                 so
                 they
                 did
                 to
                 Alexander
                 who
                 conquer'd
                 Darius
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 his
                 Successors
                 Antigonus
                 and
                 
                   Seleucus
                   Nicanor
                
                 ;
                 and
                 accordingly
                 things
                 fell
                 out
                 as
                 they
                 declar'd
                 ;
                 which
                 we
                 shall
                 relate
                 particularly
                 hereafter
                 in
                 a
                 more
                 convenient
                 time
                 .
                 They
                 tell
                 likewise
                 private
                 Men
                 their
                 Fortunes
                 so
                 certainly
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 found
                 the
                 thing
                 true
                 by
                 Experience
                 ,
                 have
                 esteem'd
                 it
                 a
                 Miracle
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 the
                 reach
                 of
                 Man
                 to
                 perform
                 .
                 Out
                 of
                 the
                 Circle
                 of
                 the
                 Zodiack
                 they
                 describe
                 Four
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Stars
                 ,
                 Twelve
                 towards
                 the
                 North
                 Pole
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 which
                 we
                 see
                 ,
                 they
                 assign
                 to
                 the
                 living
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 that
                 do
                 not
                 appear
                 ,
                 they
                 conceive
                 are
                 Constellations
                 for
                 the
                 Dead
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 term
                 them
                 Judges
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 .
                 The
                 Moon
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 lowest
                 Orb
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 therefore
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 Earth
                 (
                 because
                 she
                 is
                 so
                 small
                 ,
                 )
                 she
                 finishes
                 her
                 Course
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 ,
                 not
                 through
                 the
                 swiftness
                 of
                 her
                 Motion
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 shortness
                 of
                 her
                 Sphear
                 .
                 In
                 that
                 which
                 they
                 affirm
                 (
                 that
                 she
                 has
                 but
                 a
                 borrow'd
                 light
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 when
                 she
                 is
                 eclips'd
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 caus'd
                 by
                 the
                 interposition
                 of
                 the
                 shadow
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 )
                 they
                 agree
                 with
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
              
               
                 Their
                 Rules
                 and
                 Notions
                 concerning
                 the
                 Eclipses
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 are
                 but
                 weak
                 and
                 mean
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 dare
                 not
                 positively
                 foretel
                 ,
                 nor
                 fix
                 a
                 certain
                 time
                 for
                 them
                 .
                 They
                 have
                 likewise
                 Opinions
                 concerning
                 the
                 Earth
                 peculiar
                 to
                 themselves
                 ,
                 affirming
                 it
                 to
                 resemble
                 a
                 Boat
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 hollow
                 ,
                 to
                 prove
                 which
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 frame
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 they
                 abound
                 in
                 Arguments
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 particular
                 Account
                 of
                 'em
                 ,
                 we
                 conceive
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 thing
                 foreign
                 to
                 our
                 History
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 any
                 Man
                 may
                 justly
                 and
                 truly
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Chaldeans
                 far
                 exceed
                 all
                 other
                 Men
                 in
                 the
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 Astrology
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 study'd
                 it
                 most
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 Art
                 or
                 Science
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Years
                 during
                 which
                 the
                 Chaldeans
                 say
                 ,
                 those
                 of
                 their
                 Profession
                 have
                 given
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 study
                 of
                 this
                 natural
                 Philosophy
                 ,
                 is
                 incredible
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 Alexander
                 was
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 they
                 reckon'd
                 up
                 Four
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Seventy
                 Thousand
                 Years
                 since
                 they
                 first
                 began
                 to
                 observe
                 the
                 Motions
                 of
                 the
                 Stars
                 .
                 But
                 lest
                 we
                 should
                 make
                 too
                 long
                 a
                 digression
                 from
                 our
                 intended
                 Design
                 ,
                 let
                 this
                 which
                 we
                 have
                 said
                 concerning
                 the
                 Chaldeans
                 suffice
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 now
                 therefore
                 spoken
                 of
                 the
                 Assyrian
                 Empire
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 Translation
                 to
                 the
                 Medes
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 return
                 to
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 our
                 History
                 from
                 whence
                 we
                 broke
                 off
                 .
              
               
               
                 Whereas
                 remarkable
                 Authors
                 have
                 differ'd
                 among
                 themselves
                 about
                 the
                 large
                 
                 Empire
                 of
                 the
                 Medes
                 ,
                 we
                 conceive
                 we
                 shall
                 not
                 stray
                 from
                 the
                 Duty
                 of
                 true
                 and
                 faithful
                 Historians
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 compare
                 the
                 different
                 relations
                 of
                 Writers
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 Herodotus
                 indeed
                 ,
                 who
                 liv'd
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Xerxes
                 ,
                 says
                 that
                 the
                 Assyrians
                 were
                 conquer'd
                 by
                 the
                 Medes
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 held
                 the
                 Empire
                 of
                 Asia
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 five
                 Hundred
                 Years
                 :
                 That
                 thence
                 for
                 many
                 Ages
                 after
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 one
                 King
                 that
                 had
                 the
                 sole
                 and
                 absolute
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 Cities
                 in
                 every
                 Place
                 enjoy'd
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 in
                 a
                 Democratical
                 Government
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 after
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 many
                 Years
                 ,
                 he
                 says
                 one
                 *
                 Cyaxares
                 ,
                 renown'd
                 for
                 his
                 Justice
                 ,
                 was
                 advanc'd
                 to
                 the
                 Throne
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 subdu'd
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Nations
                 to
                 the
                 Medes
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 beginning
                 to
                 that
                 Empire
                 ;
                 whose
                 Posterity
                 afterwards
                 brought
                 under
                 the
                 bordering
                 Countries
                 and
                 inlarg'd
                 their
                 Dominions
                 ,
                 and
                 continu'd
                 their
                 Empire
                 to
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Astyages
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 conquer'd
                 by
                 †
                 Cyrus
                 and
                 the
                 Persians
                 )
                 of
                 whom
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 only
                 give
                 a
                 touch
                 in
                 short
                 ,
                 and
                 shall
                 treat
                 more
                 distinctly
                 and
                 particularly
                 hereafter
                 when
                 we
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Times
                 more
                 proper
                 for
                 this
                 Purpose
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 the
                 second
                 year
                 of
                 the
                 seventeeenth
                 Olympiad
                 (
                 as
                 Herodotus
                 says
                 )
                 Cyaxares
                 was
                 elected
                 King
                 by
                 the
                 Medes
                 .
                 But
                 Ctesias
                 the
                 Cnidian
                 who
                 was
                 later
                 then
                 Herodotus
                 ,
                 and
                 liv'd
                 about
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 
                   Cyrus
                   his
                
                 Expedition
                 against
                 his
                 Brother
                 A●taxarxes
                 :
                 (
                 for
                 being
                 then
                 taken
                 Prisoner
                 (
                 for
                 his
                 Skill
                 in
                 Physic
                 )
                 he
                 was
                 taken
                 into
                 the
                 King's
                 Favour
                 ,
                 and
                 continu'd
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 great
                 Honour
                 and
                 Esteem
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 seventeen
                 years
                 .
                 )
                 Out
                 of
                 the
                 publick
                 Records
                 (
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Persians
                 (
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 some
                 Law
                 made
                 for
                 that
                 Purpose
                 )
                 had
                 in
                 Order
                 of
                 Time
                 noted
                 and
                 registred
                 the
                 ancient
                 Affairs
                 and
                 Things
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 )
                 he
                 industriously
                 pick'd
                 out
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 was
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 and
                 methodically
                 compos'd
                 them
                 into
                 an
                 History
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 them
                 over
                 into
                 Greece
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 this
                 History
                 he
                 declares
                 that
                 after
                 the
                 Overthrow
                 of
                 the
                 Assyrian
                 Empire
                 ,
                 all
                 Asia
                 was
                 under
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Medes
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Arbaces
                 who
                 overcame
                 Sardanapalus
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 before
                 related
                 )
                 was
                 sole
                 Monarch
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 reign'd
                 eight
                 and
                 twenty
                 years
                 ,
                 his
                 Son
                 Mandauces
                 succeeded
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 reign'd
                 over
                 all
                 Asia
                 fifty
                 years
                 .
                 After
                 him
                 reign'd
                 Sesarmus
                 thirty
                 years
                 ;
                 then
                 Artias
                 Fifty
                 ;
                 after
                 whom
                 succeeded
                 Arbianes
                 two
                 and
                 twenty
                 years
                 .
                 In
                 his
                 time
                 (
                 it
                 s
                 said
                 )
                 a
                 great
                 War
                 broke
                 out
                 between
                 the
                 Medes
                 and
                 the
                 Cadusians
                 upon
                 the
                 Occasions
                 following
                 .
                 One
                 Parsodes
                 a
                 Persian
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 ,
                 Prudence
                 and
                 other
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 and
                 dearly
                 belov'd
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Statesmen
                 in
                 the
                 Kings
                 Council
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Man
                 taking
                 some
                 Offence
                 at
                 a
                 Sentence
                 pronounc'd
                 against
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 fled
                 with
                 three
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 to
                 the
                 Cadusians
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 marry'd
                 the
                 Sister
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 potent
                 Man
                 amongst
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 not
                 only
                 rebell'd
                 himself
                 ,
                 but
                 perswaded
                 the
                 whole
                 Nation
                 of
                 the
                 Cadusians
                 to
                 a
                 general
                 Revolt
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 stand
                 up
                 for
                 their
                 Liberties
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 he
                 was
                 presently
                 (
                 upon
                 the
                 Account
                 of
                 his
                 noted
                 Valour
                 )
                 made
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 And
                 now
                 hearing
                 that
                 mighty
                 Forces
                 were
                 preparing
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 two
                 hundred
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Cadusians
                 ,
                 and
                 pitcht
                 his
                 Camp
                 upon
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 ;
                 and
                 tho'
                 King
                 Arseus
                 came
                 against
                 him
                 with
                 eight
                 hundred
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 yet
                 Parsodes
                 routed
                 him
                 and
                 kill'd
                 above
                 fifty
                 Thousand
                 ,
                 and
                 drove
                 the
                 rest
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 Victory
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 honour'd
                 and
                 admir'd
                 that
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 forthwith
                 made
                 him
                 their
                 King
                 ;
                 after
                 which
                 he
                 vex'd
                 and
                 tyr'd
                 out
                 Media
                 with
                 continual
                 Incursions
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 all
                 Places
                 round
                 about
                 him
                 .
                 His
                 Name
                 therefore
                 being
                 grown
                 famous
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 waxing
                 old
                 and
                 drawing
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 his
                 days
                 ,
                 he
                 injoyn'd
                 his
                 Successor
                 (
                 with
                 the
                 Denunciation
                 of
                 most
                 dreadful
                 Execrations
                 )
                 never
                 to
                 make
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Medes
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 did
                 he
                 wish'd
                 that
                 both
                 the
                 whole
                 Nation
                 of
                 the
                 Cadusians
                 and
                 his
                 own
                 Posterity
                 might
                 be
                 rooted
                 out
                 and
                 perish
                 together
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 this
                 Reason
                 the
                 Cadusians
                 were
                 ever
                 after
                 Enemies
                 to
                 the
                 Medes
                 ,
                 never
                 subject
                 to
                 their
                 Kings
                 ,
                 till
                 Cyrus
                 transferr'd
                 the
                 Empire
                 to
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 *
                 
                   Artaeus
                   ,
                   Artynes
                
                 was
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Medes
                 ,
                 and
                 reign'd
                 two
                 and
                 twenty
                 years
                 ;
                 after
                 him
                 A●●ibarnas
                 fourteen
                 years
                 ,
                 in
                 whose
                 Reign
                 the
                 Parthians
                 revolted
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 both
                 their
                 City
                 and
                 Country
                 into
                 the
                 Hand
                 of
                 
                 the
                 †
                 Sacae
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 arose
                 a
                 War
                 between
                 the
                 Sacae
                 and
                 the
                 Medes
                 ,
                 which
                 continu'd
                 many
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 many
                 Battles
                 fought
                 ,
                 and
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 Peace
                 was
                 made
                 upon
                 these
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   the
                
                 Parthians
                 
                   should
                   return
                   to
                   their
                   ancient
                   Subjection
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   both
                   sides
                   should
                   quietly
                   whatever
                   enjoy
                   they
                   did
                
                 
                 
                   before
                   ,
                   and
                   should
                   ever
                   after
                   be
                   Friends
                   and
                   Confederates
                   .
                   Zanara
                
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 was
                 Queen
                 of
                 the
                 Sacae
                 ,
                 a
                 Woman
                 of
                 a
                 warlike
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 far
                 exceeding
                 any
                 of
                 her
                 Sex
                 among
                 the
                 Sacae
                 for
                 Courage
                 and
                 Activity
                 in
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Nation
                 is
                 remarkable
                 for
                 brave
                 spirited
                 Women
                 that
                 use
                 to
                 go
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 Wars
                 as
                 Fellow-souldiers
                 with
                 the
                 Men
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 say
                 that
                 this
                 Virago
                 was
                 extraordinarily
                 beautiful
                 ,
                 and
                 admirable
                 for
                 Courage
                 and
                 Council
                 in
                 all
                 her
                 Affairs
                 .
                 For
                 she
                 conquer'd
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Princes
                 who
                 had
                 proudly
                 oppress'd
                 the
                 Sacae
                 ,
                 and
                 civiliz'd
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 many
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 way
                 improv'd
                 and
                 inrich'd
                 her
                 People
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Citizens
                 after
                 her
                 Death
                 in
                 Gratitude
                 for
                 the
                 many
                 Advántages
                 they
                 injoy'd
                 by
                 her
                 and
                 to
                 preserve
                 the
                 Memory
                 of
                 her
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 built
                 for
                 her
                 a
                 Sepulcher
                 far
                 higher
                 than
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 rear'd
                 up
                 for
                 her
                 a
                 Pyramid
                 Triangular
                 from
                 the
                 Foundation
                 Three
                 Furlongs
                 broad
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 spiring
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 sharp
                 Point
                 at
                 the
                 Top
                 a
                 Furlong
                 in
                 Height
                 .
                 They
                 plac'd
                 likewise
                 upon
                 her
                 Tomb
                 a
                 Colossus
                 in
                 Gold
                 representing
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 ador'd
                 her
                 as
                 a
                 Demi-Goddess
                 ,
                 and
                 perform'd
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 with
                 more
                 State
                 and
                 Grandeur
                 than
                 to
                 any
                 of
                 her
                 Predecessors
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Astibara
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Medes
                 ,
                 who
                 dy'd
                 old
                 in
                 Ecbatana
                 ,
                 his
                 Son
                 Apandas
                 (
                 whom
                 the
                 Grecians
                 call
                 Astyages
                 )
                 succeeded
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 conquer'd
                 by
                 Cyrus
                 the
                 Persian
                 ,
                 the
                 Empire
                 devolv'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 Of
                 which
                 we
                 shall
                 write
                 distinctly
                 in
                 its
                 proper
                 Place
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 therefore
                 said
                 enough
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 conceive
                 )
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 of
                 the
                 Assyrians
                 and
                 Medes
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Differences
                 among
                 Writers
                 concerning
                 them
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 pass
                 over
                 to
                 India
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 a
                 particular
                 Account
                 of
                 Things
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 there
                 .
              
               
                 INDIA
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 Quadrangular
                 Form
                 ,
                 one
                 side
                 lying
                 towards
                 the
                 East
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 the
                 other
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 inviron'd
                 and
                 washt
                 by
                 the
                 great
                 Ocean
                 ;
                 that
                 side
                 on
                 the
                 North
                 is
                 divided
                 by
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Hemodus
                 from
                 Scythia
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Sacae
                 inhabit
                 :
                 The
                 Fourth
                 part
                 towards
                 the
                 West
                 ,
                 is
                 bounded
                 with
                 the
                 River
                 Indus
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 of
                 all
                 others
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 whole
                 Extent
                 of
                 India
                 from
                 East
                 to
                 West
                 ,
                 is
                 Eight
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Thousand
                 Furlongs
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 North
                 to
                 South
                 Two
                 
                 and
                 Thirty
                 Thousand
                 Furlongs
                 .
                 The
                 Extent
                 of
                 India
                 being
                 thus
                 very
                 large
                 ,
                 it
                 seems
                 most
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 to
                 lye
                 under
                 the
                 *
                 Tropick
                 of
                 †
                 Capricorn
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 many
                 remote
                 parts
                 of
                 India
                 ,
                 the
                 Sun
                 casts
                 no
                 Shadow
                 ,
                 neither
                 is
                 the
                 North
                 Pole
                 seen
                 there
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Constellation
                 call'd
                 Arcturus
                 ,
                 †
                 in
                 the
                 utmost
                 parts
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 this
                 reason
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 Shadows
                 bend
                 towards
                 the
                 South
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Mountains
                 of
                 India
                 abound
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruit
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Fields
                 every
                 where
                 cloath'd
                 with
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 pleasant
                 Plains
                 ,
                 watered
                 with
                 many
                 Rivers
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Country
                 bears
                 Two
                 Crops
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 .
                 It
                 breeds
                 likewise
                 divers
                 sorts
                 of
                 Creatures
                 ,
                 both
                 Volatile
                 and
                 Terrestrial
                 ,
                 for
                 strength
                 and
                 largeness
                 remarkable
                 above
                 others
                 .
                 It
                 affords
                 plentiful
                 Pastures
                 for
                 multitudes
                 of
                 mighty
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 in
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 those
                 kind
                 of
                 Beasts
                 which
                 are
                 bred
                 there
                 ,
                 are
                 far
                 stronger
                 than
                 those
                 in
                 Africa
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 being
                 taken
                 in
                 Hunting
                 ,
                 and
                 inur'd
                 to
                 Martial
                 Exercises
                 ,
                 are
                 of
                 great
                 use
                 and
                 advantage
                 to
                 them
                 for
                 the
                 obtaining
                 of
                 Victories
                 .
                 And
                 such
                 is
                 the
                 plenty
                 there
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Men
                 are
                 taller
                 and
                 bigger
                 than
                 any
                 elsewhere
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Air
                 is
                 so
                 pure
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Water
                 so
                 clear
                 and
                 wholsom
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 these
                 natural
                 Advantages
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 are
                 very
                 quick
                 and
                 ingenious
                 in
                 any
                 Art
                 or
                 Profession
                 .
                 As
                 the
                 Earth
                 is
                 fruitful
                 in
                 the
                 producing
                 plenty
                 of
                 pleasant
                 
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 so
                 in
                 the
                 Bowels
                 of
                 it
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Metals
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 abounds
                 in
                 Mines
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ,
                 Brass
                 ,
                 Iron
                 and
                 Tin
                 ,
                 and
                 richly
                 affords
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 useful
                 both
                 as
                 to
                 Pleasure
                 and
                 Profit
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 for
                 Service
                 in
                 Times
                 of
                 War.
                 Besides
                 Corn
                 ,
                 abundance
                 of
                 Millet
                 grows
                 there
                 ,
                 being
                 richly
                 water'd
                 by
                 the
                 overflowing
                 of
                 the
                 Rivers
                 :
                 There
                 's
                 likewise
                 great
                 store
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Pulse
                 and
                 Rice
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 Bosphorus
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Fruits
                 for
                 the
                 sustaining
                 of
                 Man's
                 Life
                 .
                 To
                 all
                 these
                 may
                 be
                 added
                 many
                 other
                 Fruits
                 useful
                 for
                 
                 Food
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 as
                 many
                 fit
                 for
                 the
                 feeding
                 of
                 Cattel
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 too
                 tedious
                 to
                 write
                 particularly
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 this
                 reason
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 's
                 never
                 any
                 Famine
                 in
                 India
                 ,
                 or
                 want
                 of
                 Victuals
                 ;
                 for
                 being
                 that
                 the
                 Land
                 there
                 bears
                 Two
                 Crops
                 every
                 Year
                 ,
                 once
                 in
                 the
                 Winter
                 about
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Wheat-seeding
                 among
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 about
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Summer
                 Solstice
                 ,
                 when
                 
                   Rice
                   ,
                   Bosporus
                   ,
                   Sesamus
                
                 and
                 Millet
                 are
                 us'd
                 to
                 be
                 sown
                 ;
                 at
                 both
                 these
                 times
                 the
                 Indians
                 reap
                 very
                 plentifnl
                 Harvests
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 one
                 Harvest
                 happens
                 to
                 miss
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 is
                 sure
                 to
                 make
                 amends
                 for
                 it
                 .
                 Besides
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 Fruits
                 which
                 grow
                 naturally
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Marishes
                 afford
                 for
                 Mens
                 Food
                 ,
                 abundance
                 of
                 Roots
                 of
                 a
                 most
                 sweet
                 and
                 delicious
                 Taste
                 .
                 For
                 all
                 the
                 Fields
                 almost
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Country
                 are
                 watered
                 in
                 Summer
                 time
                 with
                 the
                 sweet
                 Waters
                 of
                 the
                 overflowing
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 Rains
                 from
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 which
                 fall
                 constantly
                 at
                 certain
                 times
                 every
                 Year
                 in
                 the
                 Summer
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Roots
                 in
                 the
                 Marishes
                 (
                 especially
                 of
                 the
                 Canes
                 )
                 are
                 perfectly
                 boyl'd
                 by
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun.
                 There
                 are
                 Laws
                 likewise
                 in
                 India
                 ,
                 which
                 conduce
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 preventing
                 of
                 Famine
                 among
                 them
                 .
                 Amongst
                 other
                 People
                 ,
                 by
                 Devastations
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 War
                 the
                 Land
                 lies
                 untill'd
                 ;
                 but
                 amongst
                 the
                 Indians
                 ,
                 Husbandmen
                 (
                 as
                 sacred
                 )
                 are
                 never
                 toucht
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 though
                 the
                 Armies
                 fight
                 and
                 ingage
                 even
                 under
                 their
                 very
                 Noses
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 are
                 never
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 prejudic'd
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 the
                 Armies
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 slaughter
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 never
                 hurt
                 the
                 Husbandman
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 who
                 is
                 a
                 Servant
                 for
                 the
                 common
                 good
                 and
                 advantage
                 of
                 them
                 all
                 ;
                 neither
                 do
                 they
                 burn
                 their
                 Enemies
                 Country
                 ,
                 or
                 cut
                 down
                 their
                 Trees
                 or
                 Plants
                 .
              
               
                 Moreover
                 in
                 India
                 are
                 many
                 great
                 navigable
                 Rivers
                 which
                 descend
                 into
                 the
                 
                 Plains
                 from
                 the
                 Mountains
                 in
                 the
                 Northern
                 Parts
                 (
                 where
                 they
                 have
                 their
                 Spring-heads
                 )
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 all
                 meet
                 together
                 and
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 River
                 Ganges
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 †
                 Thirty
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 breadth
                 ,
                 and
                 takes
                 its
                 Course
                 from
                 the
                 North
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 empties
                 it self
                 into
                 the
                 main
                 Ocean
                 ;
                 passing
                 by
                 in
                 its
                 course
                 the
                 Nation
                 of
                 the
                 Gandarides
                 lying
                 on
                 the
                 East
                 ,
                 where
                 are
                 bred
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 most
                 monstrous
                 Elephants
                 .
                 No
                 Foreign
                 King
                 hitherto
                 ever
                 conquer'd
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 all
                 Strangers
                 dreading
                 the
                 number
                 and
                 strength
                 of
                 those
                 Creatures
                 .
                 Even
                 Alexander
                 himself
                 ,
                 who
                 conquer'd
                 all
                 Asia
                 besides
                 ,
                 left
                 only
                 the
                 Gandarides
                 untoucht
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Ganges
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 subdu'd
                 all
                 the
                 Indians
                 behind
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 understood
                 that
                 the
                 Gandarides
                 had
                 Four
                 Thousand
                 Elephants
                 sitted
                 and
                 compleatly
                 furnished
                 for
                 War
                 ,
                 he
                 wholly
                 desisted
                 the
                 further
                 Prosecution
                 of
                 his
                 Design
                 against
                 them
                 .
                 Much
                 like
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Ganges
                 is
                 that
                 call'd
                 Indus
                 ,
                 which
                 runs
                 with
                 a
                 swift
                 Course
                 likewise
                 from
                 the
                 North
                 ,
                 and
                 falls
                 into
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 and
                 divides
                 India
                 from
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 Asia
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 
                 its
                 Course
                 through
                 wide
                 and
                 spacious
                 Plains
                 takes
                 in
                 many
                 Navigable
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 amongst
                 which
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 are
                 
                   Hipanis
                   ,
                   Hydaspes
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Arcesines
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 many
                 other
                 Rivers
                 also
                 which
                 pass
                 through
                 several
                 Parts
                 of
                 India
                 which
                 inrich
                 the
                 Country
                 with
                 pleasant
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruits
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Philosophers
                 and
                 Naturalists
                 of
                 this
                 Country
                 give
                 this
                 Reason
                 why
                 there
                 
                 are
                 so
                 many
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 plenty
                 of
                 Water
                 in
                 India
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 adjacent
                 Countries
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Scythians
                   ,
                   Bactrians
                
                 and
                 Arianians
                 ,
                 lye
                 higher
                 than
                 India
                 ,
                 whence
                 (
                 from
                 good
                 reason
                 )
                 they
                 conclude
                 that
                 the
                 Rains
                 flowing
                 down
                 by
                 degrees
                 into
                 the
                 lower
                 Countries
                 ,
                 so
                 water
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 make
                 many
                 large
                 Rivers
                 :
                 But
                 above
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Rivers
                 of
                 India
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 call
                 Silla
                 (
                 which
                 springs
                 from
                 a
                 Fountain
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Name
                 )
                 has
                 a
                 peculiar
                 property
                 :
                 For
                 this
                 only
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 others
                 will
                 not
                 admit
                 any
                 thing
                 thrown
                 into
                 it
                 to
                 swim
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 a
                 wonderful
                 manner
                 swallows
                 up
                 every
                 thing
                 ,
                 and
                 forceably
                 draws
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 bottom
                 .
              
               
                 Moreover
                 India
                 being
                 of
                 the
                 largest
                 Extent
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 by
                 far
                 ,
                 is
                 inhabited
                 by
                 many
                 different
                 Nations
                 (
                 of
                 whom
                 none
                 are
                 Foreigners
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 natural
                 Inhabitants
                 :
                 )
                 And
                 they
                 say
                 that
                 no
                 Strangers
                 ever
                 planted
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 nor
                 they
                 themselves
                 ever
                 sent
                 forth
                 any
                 Colonies
                 into
                 other
                 Countries
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 tell
                 Stories
                 that
                 anciently
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 fed
                 only
                 upon
                 Herbs
                 and
                 Roots
                 that
                 grow
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 and
                 cloath'd
                 themselves
                 with
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 Skins
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Grecians
                 did
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Arts
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 conducing
                 to
                 the
                 well-being
                 of
                 Man's
                 Life
                 were
                 found
                 out
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 Necessity
                 pressing
                 upon
                 a
                 Creature
                 that
                 was
                 rational
                 and
                 ingenious
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 likewise
                 the
                 further
                 helps
                 and
                 advantages
                 of
                 Hands
                 ,
                 Speech
                 and
                 quickness
                 of
                 invention
                 to
                 find
                 out
                 ways
                 to
                 relieve
                 himself
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 Learnedst
                 of
                 the
                 Indians
                 have
                 given
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Antiquity
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 our
                 part
                 here
                 to
                 say
                 something
                 in
                 short
                 .
              
               
               
                 They
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 ancient
                 Time
                 ,
                 when
                 Men
                 liv'd
                 scatter'd
                 and
                 dispers'd
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 Bacchus
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 from
                 the
                 West
                 ,
                 overran
                 all
                 India
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 had
                 no
                 considerable
                 City
                 in
                 it
                 able
                 to
                 make
                 any
                 resistance
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 a
                 Plague
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 violent
                 and
                 parching
                 heat
                 )
                 destroying
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 that
                 prudent
                 General
                 drew
                 his
                 Army
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Plains
                 to
                 the
                 tops
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 where
                 (
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 the
                 cool
                 Blasts
                 of
                 the
                 refreshing
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 drinking
                 of
                 the
                 Spring-Waters
                 there
                 at
                 hand
                 )
                 they
                 were
                 restor'd
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 Health
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 his
                 Army
                 was
                 thus
                 recover'd
                 ,
                 was
                 call'd
                 the
                 †
                 Thigh
                 ;
                 hence
                 the
                 Grecians
                 frame
                 a
                 Story
                 of
                 this
                 God
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 ,
                 that
                 Bacchus
                 was
                 bred
                 in
                 the
                 *
                 Thigh
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 he
                 diligently
                 imploy'd
                 himself
                 in
                 sowing
                 and
                 planting
                 divers
                 Fruit-Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 imparted
                 the
                 Art
                 to
                 the
                 Indians
                 ,
                 and
                 found
                 out
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 conducing
                 to
                 the
                 comfort
                 of
                 Man's
                 Life
                 .
                 He
                 built
                 likewise
                 stately
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 remov'd
                 the
                 Villages
                 to
                 more
                 commodious
                 Situations
                 ;
                 and
                 instituted
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 Divine
                 Worship
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Laws
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 up
                 Courts
                 of
                 Justice
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 for
                 the
                 many
                 excellent
                 Inventions
                 imparted
                 to
                 the
                 Indians
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 esteem'd
                 as
                 a
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 obtain'd
                 immortal
                 Honours
                 .
                 They
                 report
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 Regiment
                 of
                 Women
                 in
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 Battel
                 he
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 Timbrels
                 and
                 Cymbals
                 ,
                 the
                 Trumpet
                 being
                 not
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 found
                 out
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 reign'd
                 over
                 all
                 India
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Two
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Years
                 ,
                 he
                 dy'd
                 of
                 extream
                 old
                 Age
                 ,
                 leaving
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 to
                 his
                 Sons
                 ,
                 who
                 injoy'd
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Posterity
                 after
                 them
                 successively
                 ,
                 till
                 many
                 Ages
                 after
                 the
                 Regal
                 Authority
                 was
                 abrogated
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Cities
                 were
                 govern'd
                 by
                 a
                 Democrasy
                 .
                 These
                 are
                 the
                 things
                 related
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 and
                 his
                 Posterity
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Mountainous
                 parts
                 of
                 India
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 say
                 moreover
                 ,
                 that
                 Hercules
                 was
                 born
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 like
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 furnish
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 Club
                 and
                 a
                 Lion's
                 Skin
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 Strength
                 and
                 Courage
                 that
                 he
                 excell'd
                 all
                 other
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 clear'd
                 both
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 of
                 Monsters
                 and
                 Wild
                 Beasts
                 :
                 That
                 of
                 many
                 Wives
                 he
                 begat
                 many
                 Sons
                 ,
                 but
                 one
                 only
                 Daughter
                 .
                 Among
                 
                 these
                 Sons
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 grown
                 up
                 ,
                 he
                 divided
                 India
                 into
                 equal
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 appointed
                 each
                 to
                 be
                 King
                 over
                 their
                 several
                 shares
                 ,
                 allotting
                 likewise
                 one
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 to
                 his
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 carefully
                 brought
                 up
                 under
                 his
                 own
                 Eye
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 that
                 he
                 built
                 many
                 Cities
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 call'd
                 Palibothra
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 built
                 a
                 stately
                 Palace
                 ,
                 and
                 planted
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 fortify'd
                 it
                 round
                 with
                 deep
                 Trenches
                 ,
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Water
                 from
                 the
                 River
                 .
                 And
                 at
                 length
                 after
                 his
                 Death
                 he
                 was
                 honour'd
                 as
                 a
                 God.
                 His
                 Posterity
                 reign'd
                 for
                 many
                 Ages
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 perform'd
                 many
                 noble
                 Actions
                 ;
                 but
                 never
                 made
                 any
                 Foreign
                 Expeditions
                 ,
                 or
                 sent
                 forth
                 any
                 Colonies
                 into
                 other
                 Parts
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 that
                 after
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 many
                 Years
                 ,
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 reduc'd
                 themselves
                 under
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 a
                 Democratical
                 Government
                 ,
                 yet
                 there
                 were
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Indians
                 that
                 flourish'd
                 under
                 a
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 very
                 time
                 that
                 Alexander
                 invaded
                 that
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 Although
                 the
                 Indians
                 have
                 Laws
                 peculiar
                 to
                 themselves
                 ,
                 differing
                 from
                 all
                 other
                 
                 People
                 ,
                 yet
                 one
                 especially
                 is
                 most
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 instituted
                 by
                 their
                 ancient
                 Philosophers
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 this
                 :
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 an
                 establish'd
                 Law
                 ,
                 That
                 none
                 amongst
                 them
                 should
                 be
                 a
                 Servant
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 every
                 one
                 being
                 free
                 ,
                 all
                 should
                 be
                 honour'd
                 with
                 equal
                 respect
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 that
                 know
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 neither
                 to
                 be
                 superior
                 nor
                 inferior
                 to
                 any
                 ,
                 are
                 ready
                 to
                 undergo
                 all
                 the
                 Shocks
                 of
                 Fortune
                 with
                 Courage
                 and
                 Resolution
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 's
                 a
                 Foolish
                 thing
                 to
                 make
                 Laws
                 for
                 an
                 equality
                 amongst
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 to
                 order
                 inequality
                 of
                 Estates
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 India
                 are
                 divided
                 into
                 Seven
                 Ranks
                 ;
                 the
                 First
                 is
                 Philosophers
                 ,
                 
                 who
                 are
                 least
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 but
                 chiefest
                 in
                 esteem
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 are
                 free
                 from
                 all
                 publick
                 Offices
                 ;
                 and
                 are
                 neither
                 subject
                 themselves
                 to
                 any
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 subject
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 Yet
                 they
                 are
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 by
                 their
                 Friends
                 to
                 offer
                 Sacrifice
                 for
                 them
                 while
                 they
                 are
                 alive
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 perform
                 the
                 solemn
                 Exequies
                 at
                 their
                 Funerals
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 dead
                 ,
                 as
                 Persons
                 who
                 are
                 greatly
                 belov'd
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 skilful
                 in
                 Matters
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 in
                 the
                 Shades
                 below
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 piece
                 of
                 Service
                 they
                 are
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 ,
                 and
                 presented
                 with
                 many
                 rich
                 Gifts
                 :
                 Especially
                 they
                 much
                 advantage
                 the
                 Indians
                 in
                 general
                 ,
                 at
                 such
                 times
                 as
                 being
                 admitted
                 into
                 the
                 publick
                 Assemblies
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 every
                 Year
                 they
                 foretel
                 Droughts
                 ,
                 Rains
                 ,
                 Winds
                 and
                 Diseases
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 convenient
                 and
                 useful
                 for
                 the
                 Auditors
                 to
                 be
                 inform'd
                 of
                 ;
                 for
                 so
                 both
                 King
                 and
                 People
                 being
                 forewarn'd
                 of
                 things
                 to
                 come
                 ,
                 
                 provide
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 always
                 prepare
                 something
                 or
                 other
                 that
                 may
                 be
                 of
                 advantage
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 such
                 cases
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 if
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Philosophers
                 prove
                 afterwards
                 to
                 be
                 mistaken
                 in
                 his
                 Prognostication
                 ,
                 he
                 undergoes
                 no
                 other
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 save
                 only
                 that
                 he
                 is
                 evil
                 spoken
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 silent
                 ever
                 after
                 while
                 he
                 lives
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Second
                 Rank
                 or
                 Tribe
                 is
                 of
                 the
                 Husbandmen
                 ;
                 These
                 are
                 more
                 in
                 number
                 
                 than
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 :
                 These
                 likewise
                 are
                 free
                 from
                 the
                 Militia
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 publick
                 Offices
                 ,
                 and
                 spend
                 all
                 their
                 time
                 and
                 care
                 about
                 Tilling
                 and
                 Improving
                 the
                 Lands
                 .
              
               
                 No
                 Enemy
                 ever
                 does
                 them
                 any
                 Prejudice
                 ;
                 but
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 due
                 regard
                 to
                 the
                 common
                 good
                 ,
                 forbear
                 to
                 injure
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 degree
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Land
                 being
                 never
                 spoil'd
                 nor
                 wasted
                 ,
                 yields
                 its
                 Fruits
                 in
                 great
                 Abundance
                 ,
                 and
                 furnishes
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 with
                 plenty
                 of
                 Victuals
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Provision
                 .
                 The
                 Husbandmen
                 live
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 with
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 never
                 meddle
                 with
                 the
                 concerns
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 .
                 They
                 pay
                 the
                 King
                 his
                 Tribute
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Ground
                 :
                 For
                 all
                 the
                 Land
                 of
                 India
                 belongs
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 private
                 Man
                 has
                 any
                 Land
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 .
                 Besides
                 the
                 Tribute
                 ,
                 the
                 Fourth
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Fruits
                 are
                 paid
                 to
                 the
                 King.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Third
                 Tribe
                 comprehended
                 the
                 Herdsmen
                 and
                 Shepherds
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 
                 feeders
                 of
                 Cattel
                 ;
                 and
                 these
                 neither
                 liv'd
                 in
                 the
                 Cities
                 nor
                 Villages
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 Tents
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Hunting
                 clear'd
                 the
                 Land
                 both
                 of
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 and
                 hurtful
                 Birds
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 Exercise
                 all
                 India
                 was
                 freed
                 from
                 Ravenous
                 Creatures
                 which
                 abounded
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 both
                 Birds
                 and
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 ,
                 that
                 eat
                 up
                 and
                 devour'd
                 the
                 Seed
                 and
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Husbandman
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Fourth
                 Classis
                 and
                 Order
                 of
                 Men
                 amongst
                 them
                 was
                 made
                 up
                 of
                 the
                 Mechanicks
                 ,
                 
                 some
                 of
                 whom
                 were
                 imploy'd
                 in
                 making
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 of
                 Tools
                 for
                 Tillage
                 and
                 Husbandry
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 serviceable
                 Utensils
                 .
                 This
                 Order
                 is
                 
                 not
                 only
                 free
                 from
                 all
                 Taxes
                 and
                 Impositions
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 allow'd
                 a
                 yearly
                 proportion
                 of
                 Corn
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Granaries
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Fifth
                 is
                 the
                 Militia
                 (
                 the
                 Second
                 for
                 number
                 )
                 who
                 in
                 Times
                 of
                 Peace
                 live
                 
                 idle
                 lives
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 themselves
                 up
                 wholly
                 to
                 their
                 pleasures
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 with
                 the
                 War-Horses
                 and
                 Elephants
                 are
                 kept
                 and
                 maintain'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Treasury
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Sixth
                 Tribe
                 are
                 the
                 Ephori
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 the
                 Inquisitors
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 a
                 diligent
                 
                 and
                 observant
                 Eye
                 upon
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 is
                 done
                 throughout
                 all
                 India
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 any
                 discovery
                 inform
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 what
                 the
                 know
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 King
                 ,
                 the
                 Princes
                 and
                 principal
                 Ministers
                 of
                 state
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Seventh
                 Rank
                 are
                 reckon'd
                 the
                 Senators
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 have
                 Place
                 in
                 the
                 great
                 
                 and
                 General
                 Councils
                 :
                 These
                 are
                 the
                 fewest
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 greatest
                 Dignity
                 for
                 their
                 Birth
                 ,
                 and
                 highest
                 esteem
                 for
                 their
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Prudence
                 .
                 Out
                 of
                 these
                 are
                 chosen
                 the
                 King's
                 Privy-Council
                 ,
                 Governors
                 of
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 Judges
                 ,
                 Generals
                 of
                 Armies
                 in
                 Times
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Principal
                 Officers
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 are
                 the
                 parts
                 into
                 which
                 almost
                 all
                 India
                 is
                 divided
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 not
                 lawful
                 for
                 any
                 to
                 marry
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Tribe
                 to
                 which
                 he
                 belongs
                 ,
                 nor
                 to
                 exercise
                 any
                 other
                 Trade
                 or
                 Calling
                 than
                 that
                 wherein
                 he
                 has
                 been
                 bred
                 up
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 a
                 Souldier
                 to
                 imploy
                 himself
                 in
                 Husbandry
                 or
                 for
                 an
                 Artificer
                 to
                 turn
                 Philosopher
                 .
              
               
                 India
                 breeds
                 the
                 largest
                 ,
                 most
                 couragious
                 and
                 strongest
                 Elephants
                 of
                 any
                 
                 other
                 Place
                 .
                 This
                 Creature
                 does
                 not
                 couple
                 with
                 the
                 Female
                 in
                 any
                 strange
                 or
                 unusual
                 manner
                 (
                 as
                 some
                 say
                 )
                 but
                 as
                 Horses
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 four-footed
                 Beasts
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 go
                 with
                 young
                 at
                 the
                 least
                 Sixteen
                 Months
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 most
                 Eighteen
                 .
                 They
                 
                 bring
                 forth
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 (
                 like
                 Mares
                 )
                 but
                 one
                 at
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Dam
                 suckles
                 till
                 it
                 be
                 Six
                 Years
                 old
                 .
              
               
                 Most
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 live
                 very
                 long
                 ;
                 the
                 Oldest
                 attain
                 to
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Years
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 India
                 there
                 are
                 Magistrates
                 appointed
                 to
                 take
                 care
                 of
                 Strangers
                 to
                 see
                 that
                 no
                 Injury
                 be
                 offer'd
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 be
                 sick
                 these
                 Magistrates
                 provide
                 Physitians
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 respects
                 are
                 very
                 careful
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 dye
                 ,
                 they
                 bury
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 whatever
                 Goods
                 or
                 Monies
                 they
                 leave
                 behind
                 ,
                 they
                 give
                 it
                 to
                 their
                 Kindred
                 .
              
               
               
                 Their
                 Judges
                 are
                 very
                 diligent
                 in
                 deciding
                 Suits
                 brought
                 before
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 severely
                 punish
                 Offenders
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 short
                 account
                 shall
                 suffice
                 concerning
                 India
                 and
                 its
                 Antiquities
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 we
                 shall
                 say
                 something
                 particularly
                 of
                 the
                 Scythians
                 ,
                 which
                 border
                 upon
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Scythians
                 anciently
                 injoy'd
                 but
                 a
                 small
                 Tract
                 of
                 Ground
                 ,
                 but
                 (
                 through
                 their
                 ,
                 
                 Valour
                 )
                 growing
                 stronger
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 they
                 inlarg'd
                 their
                 Dominion
                 far
                 and
                 near
                 ,
                 and
                 attain'd
                 at
                 last
                 to
                 a
                 vast
                 and
                 glorious
                 Empire
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 the
                 First
                 a
                 very
                 few
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 very
                 desplcable
                 for
                 their
                 mean
                 original
                 ,
                 seated
                 themselves
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Araxes
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 one
                 of
                 their
                 ancient
                 Kings
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 a
                 warlike
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 skilful
                 in
                 Arms
                 ,
                 gain'd
                 to
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Mountainous
                 Parts
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 Mount
                 Caucasus
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Champain
                 Country
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 *
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lake
                 †
                 Maeotis
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Plain
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Tanais
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 tell
                 a
                 Story
                 ,
                 That
                 a
                 Virgin
                 was
                 born
                 among
                 them
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 shape
                 of
                 a
                 Woman
                 from
                 the
                 middle
                 upwards
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 Viper
                 downwards
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 Jupiter
                 begot
                 of
                 her
                 a
                 Son
                 call'd
                 Scythes
                 ;
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 from
                 this
                 Prince
                 (
                 being
                 more
                 eminent
                 than
                 any
                 of
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 )
                 the
                 People
                 were
                 call'd
                 Scythians
                 :
                 There
                 were
                 Two
                 Brothers
                 that
                 descended
                 from
                 this
                 King
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 remarkable
                 for
                 Valour
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 call'd
                 Palus
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Napas
                 .
                 These
                 Two
                 Brothers
                 ,
                 after
                 many
                 glorious
                 Actions
                 done
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 divided
                 the
                 Country
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 their
                 own
                 Names
                 call'd
                 one
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 Palians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Napians
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 time
                 afterwards
                 their
                 Posterity
                 becoming
                 famous
                 and
                 eminent
                 for
                 Valour
                 and
                 martial
                 affairs
                 ,
                 subu'd
                 many
                 Territories
                 beyond
                 Tanais
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 turning
                 their
                 Arms
                 the
                 other
                 way
                 they
                 led
                 their
                 Forces
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 in
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 subdu'd
                 many
                 Nations
                 lying
                 between
                 ,
                 they
                 
                 inlarg'd
                 the
                 Empire
                 of
                 the
                 Scythians
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 *
                 Eastern
                 Ocean
                 one
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 Caspian
                 Sea
                 and
                 the
                 Lake
                 of
                 Maeotis
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Nation
                 prosper'd
                 still
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 Kings
                 that
                 were
                 very
                 famous
                 ;
                 from
                 whom
                 the
                 Sacans
                 ,
                 the
                 Massageties
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Arimaspanis
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 others
                 call'd
                 by
                 other
                 Names
                 derive
                 their
                 original
                 .
                 Amongst
                 others
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 two
                 remarkable
                 Colonies
                 that
                 were
                 drawn
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 conquer'd
                 Nations
                 by
                 those
                 Kings
                 ;
                 the
                 one
                 they
                 brought
                 out
                 of
                 Assyria
                 ,
                 and
                 settl'd
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 lying
                 between
                 Paphlagonia
                 and
                 Pontus
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 out
                 of
                 Media
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 plac'd
                 near
                 the
                 River
                 Tanais
                 ,
                 which
                 People
                 are
                 call'd
                 Sauromatians
                 ,
                 who
                 many
                 Years
                 after
                 increasing
                 in
                 number
                 and
                 power
                 ,
                 wasting
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 Scythia
                 ,
                 and
                 rooting
                 out
                 all
                 that
                 they
                 conquer'd
                 ,
                 totally
                 ruinated
                 the
                 whole
                 Nation
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 the
                 Royal
                 Line
                 failing
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 Women
                 remarkable
                 for
                 Courage
                 and
                 Strength
                 of
                 Body
                 reign'd
                 instead
                 of
                 Kings
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 these
                 Nations
                 ,
                 Women
                 like
                 Men
                 ,
                 are
                 train'd
                 up
                 for
                 the
                 Wars
                 ,
                 being
                 nothing
                 inferior
                 to
                 Men
                 for
                 Courage
                 .
              
               
                 Henceforward
                 many
                 and
                 great
                 things
                 were
                 done
                 by
                 famous
                 Women
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 in
                 Scythia
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Nations
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 Cyrus
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 the
                 most
                 powerful
                 Prince
                 in
                 his
                 Age
                 ,
                 led
                 a
                 mighty
                 Army
                 into
                 Scythia
                 ,
                 the
                 *
                 Queen
                 of
                 Scythia
                 routed
                 the
                 Persian
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 Cyrus
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 Battel
                 Prisoner
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 Crucify'd
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 such
                 was
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Amazons
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 thus
                 strengthened
                 themselves
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 not
                 only
                 overran
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 ,
                 but
                 conquer'd
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 both
                 of
                 Europe
                 and
                 Asia
                 .
                 But
                 since
                 now
                 we
                 have
                 begun
                 to
                 speak
                 of
                 the
                 Amazons
                 ,
                 we
                 conceive
                 it
                 not
                 impertinent
                 if
                 we
                 here
                 relate
                 cursorily
                 those
                 things
                 concerning
                 them
                 which
                 for
                 the
                 strangeness
                 of
                 the
                 matter
                 may
                 seem
                 to
                 resemble
                 Romantick
                 Fables
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 was
                 heretofore
                 a
                 Potent
                 Nation
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 River
                 Thermodon
                 ,
                 govern'd
                 always
                 by
                 Women
                 ,
                 as
                 their
                 Queens
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Women
                 ,
                 like
                 Men
                 ,
                 manag'd
                 all
                 their
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 .
                 Amongst
                 
                 these
                 Female
                 Princes
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 there
                 was
                 one
                 that
                 excell'd
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 for
                 strength
                 and
                 valour
                 ,
                 who
                 got
                 together
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Women
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 train'd
                 them
                 up
                 in
                 Martial
                 Discipline
                 ,
                 first
                 subdu'd
                 some
                 of
                 her
                 Neighbouring
                 Nations
                 ;
                 afterwards
                 by
                 her
                 Valour
                 growing
                 more
                 fam'd
                 and
                 renown'd
                 ,
                 she
                 led
                 her
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 Fortune
                 favouring
                 her
                 Arms
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 so
                 puft
                 up
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 call'd
                 her self
                 
                   The
                   Danghter
                   of
                
                 Mars
                 ,
                 and
                 ordered
                 the
                 Men
                 to
                 spin
                 Wool
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 the
                 Womens
                 Work
                 within
                 Doors
                 .
              
               
               
                 She
                 made
                 Laws
                 also
                 ,
                 whereby
                 she
                 injoin'd
                 the
                 Women
                 to
                 go
                 forth
                 to
                 the
                 
                 Wars
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Men
                 to
                 be
                 as
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 all
                 the
                 Servile
                 work
                 at
                 Home
                 .
                 Therefore
                 when
                 any
                 Male
                 Child
                 was
                 born
                 ,
                 they
                 broke
                 their
                 Thighs
                 and
                 Arms
                 ,
                 to
                 render
                 them
                 useless
                 and
                 unfit
                 for
                 War
                 :
                 And
                 for
                 the
                 Females
                 they
                 sear'd
                 off
                 the
                 right
                 Breast
                 ,
                 lest
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 an
                 hinderance
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 Fight
                 :
                 And
                 hence
                 they
                 were
                 call'd
                 *
                 Amazons
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 grown
                 eminent
                 for
                 Policy
                 and
                 Skill
                 in
                 Military
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 she
                 built
                 a
                 large
                 City
                 call'd
                 Themiscyra
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Thermodon
                 ,
                 and
                 beautify'd
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 stately
                 Palace
                 .
                 She
                 was
                 very
                 exact
                 in
                 Martial
                 Discipline
                 ,
                 and
                 keeping
                 good
                 Order
                 :
                 She
                 first
                 conquer'd
                 all
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Nations
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Tanais
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 perform'd
                 all
                 these
                 noble
                 Exploits
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 in
                 a
                 Battel
                 ,
                 she
                 afterwards
                 fought
                 ,
                 (
                 having
                 first
                 signalized
                 her
                 Valour
                 )
                 she
                 ended
                 her
                 Days
                 like
                 an
                 Hero.
                 Upon
                 her
                 Death
                 her
                 Daughter
                 
                 succeeded
                 her
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 who
                 imitating
                 her
                 Mother's
                 Valour
                 ,
                 in
                 some
                 Exploits
                 excell'd
                 her
                 :
                 For
                 she
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Girls
                 from
                 their
                 very
                 Infancy
                 to
                 be
                 exercis'd
                 in
                 Hunting
                 ,
                 and
                 daily
                 train'd
                 up
                 in
                 Martial
                 Discipline
                 .
                 Then
                 she
                 instituted
                 solemn
                 Festivals
                 and
                 Sacrifices
                 to
                 be
                 offer'd
                 to
                 Mars
                 and
                 Diana
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Tauropoli
                 .
                 She
                 advanc'd
                 her
                 Arms
                 beyond
                 Tanais
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 under
                 all
                 the
                 Nations
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 Thrace
                 .
                 Then
                 returning
                 to
                 her
                 own
                 Country
                 with
                 a
                 rich
                 Booty
                 ,
                 she
                 erected
                 stately
                 Temples
                 to
                 those
                 Deities
                 before
                 mention'd
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 her
                 Subjects
                 by
                 her
                 easie
                 and
                 gentle
                 Government
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 she
                 undertook
                 an
                 Expedition
                 against
                 them
                 that
                 lay
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 and
                 added
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 Asia
                 to
                 her
                 Dominion
                 ,
                 and
                 extended
                 her
                 Arms
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 Syria
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 her
                 Death
                 ,
                 the
                 Crown
                 descended
                 still
                 to
                 the
                 next
                 of
                 Kin
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 in
                 their
                 time
                 govern'd
                 with
                 great
                 Commendation
                 ,
                 and
                 advanc'd
                 the
                 Honour
                 and
                 Renown
                 of
                 the
                 Amazons
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 Ages
                 after
                 (
                 the
                 Fame
                 and
                 Renown
                 of
                 the
                 Amazons
                 being
                 spread
                 Abroad
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 over
                 )
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 and
                 Alcmena
                 ,
                 was
                 enjoin'd
                 by
                 †
                 Eurystheus
                 to
                 fight
                 Hippolyta
                 ,
                 the
                 Amazon
                 Queen
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 strip
                 her
                 of
                 her
                 Belt.
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Amazons
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Battel
                 routed
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Hippolyta
                 ,
                 and
                 her
                 Belt
                 together
                 ,
                 which
                 so
                 weaken'd
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Barbarians
                 knowing
                 their
                 low
                 Condition
                 ,
                 despis'd
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 remembring
                 what
                 ruin
                 and
                 destruction
                 they
                 had
                 formerly
                 made
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 wasted
                 them
                 with
                 continual
                 War
                 ,
                 that
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Amazons
                 is
                 now
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 any
                 where
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 For
                 a
                 few
                 Years
                 after
                 
                 Hercules's
                 Time
                 ,
                 the
                 Trojan
                 War
                 broke
                 forth
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 Penthesilia
                 Queen
                 of
                 those
                 Amazons
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 ,
                 and
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Mars
                 (
                 having
                 committed
                 a
                 cruel
                 Murther
                 among
                 her
                 own
                 People
                 )
                 for
                 the
                 horridness
                 of
                 the
                 Fact
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Hector
                 ,
                 brought
                 aid
                 to
                 the
                 Trojans
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 she
                 bravely
                 behav'd
                 her self
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 yet
                 at
                 last
                 she
                 was
                 slain
                 by
                 Achilles
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 in
                 Heroick
                 Actions
                 ended
                 her
                 Days
                 .
                 This
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 last
                 Queen
                 of
                 the
                 Amazons
                 ,
                 a
                 brave
                 spirited
                 Woman
                 ,
                 after
                 whom
                 the
                 Nation
                 (
                 growing
                 by
                 degrees
                 weaker
                 and
                 weaker
                 )
                 was
                 at
                 length
                 wholly
                 extinct
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 these
                 later
                 Ages
                 look
                 upon
                 all
                 those
                 old
                 Stories
                 concerning
                 the
                 valiant
                 Acts
                 of
                 the
                 Amazons
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 but
                 meer
                 Fictions
                 and
                 Fables
                 .
                 Now
                 since
                 we
                 have
                 thus
                 far
                 spoken
                 of
                 the
                 Northern
                 Parts
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 convenient
                 to
                 observe
                 something
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Antiquity
                 of
                 the
                 Hyperborcans
                 .
              
               
                 Amongst
                 them
                 that
                 have
                 written
                 old
                 Stories
                 much
                 like
                 Fables
                 ,
                 
                 Hecateus
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 an
                 *
                 Island
                 in
                 the
                 Ocean
                 over
                 against
                 Gall
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 Sicily
                 )
                 under
                 the
                 Artick
                 Pole
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Hyperboreans
                 inhabit
                 ,
                 so
                 call'd
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 lye
                 †
                 beyond
                 the
                 Breezes
                 of
                 the
                 North
                 Wind.
                 That
                 the
                 Soyl
                 here
                 is
                 very
                 rich
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 fruitful
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Climate
                 temperate
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 there
                 are
                 Two
                 Crops
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 say
                 that
                 Latona
                 was
                 born
                 here
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 that
                 they
                 worship
                 Apollo
                 above
                 all
                 other
                 Gods
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 daily
                 saying
                 Songs
                 in
                 praise
                 of
                 this
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 ascribing
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 highest
                 Honours
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 that
                 these
                 Inhabitants
                 demean
                 themselves
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 
                 Apollo's
                 Priests
                 ,
                 who
                 has
                 there
                 a
                 stately
                 Grove
                 ,
                 and
                 renown'd
                 Temple
                 of
                 a
                 round
                 Form
                 ,
                 beautify'd
                 with
                 many
                 rich
                 Gifts
                 .
                 That
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 City
                 likewise
                 consecrated
                 to
                 this
                 God
                 ,
                 whose
                 Citizens
                 are
                 most
                 
                 of
                 them
                 Harpers
                 ,
                 who
                 playing
                 on
                 the
                 Harp
                 ,
                 chant
                 Sacred
                 Hymns
                 to
                 Apollo
                 in
                 the
                 
                 Temple
                 ,
                 setting
                 forth
                 his
                 glorious
                 Acts.
                 The
                 Hyperboreans
                 use
                 their
                 own
                 natural
                 Language
                 :
                 But
                 of
                 long
                 and
                 ancient
                 time
                 ,
                 have
                 had
                 a
                 special
                 Kindness
                 for
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ;
                 and
                 more
                 especially
                 for
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 them
                 of
                 Delos
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 pass'd
                 over
                 to
                 the
                 Hyperboreans
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 behind
                 them
                 divers
                 
                 Presents
                 ,
                 inscrib'd
                 with
                 Greek
                 Characters
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Abaris
                 formerly
                 travell'd
                 thence
                 into
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 renew'd
                 the
                 ancient
                 League
                 of
                 Friendship
                 with
                 the
                 Delians
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 say
                 moreover
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Moon
                 in
                 this
                 Island
                 seems
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 represents
                 in
                 the
                 face
                 of
                 it
                 Excrescences
                 like
                 Spots
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 Apollo
                 once
                 in
                 Nineteen
                 Years
                 comes
                 into
                 the
                 Island
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 space
                 of
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Stars
                 perform
                 their
                 Courses
                 ,
                 and
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 Point
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Greeks
                 call
                 the
                 Revolution
                 of
                 Nineteen
                 Years
                 ,
                 the
                 Great
                 Year
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 of
                 
                 his
                 appearance
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 that
                 he
                 plays
                 upon
                 the
                 Harps
                 ,
                 and
                 sings
                 and
                 daunces
                 all
                 the
                 Night
                 from
                 the
                 *
                 Vernal
                 Equinox
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 rising
                 of
                 the
                 †
                 Pleiades
                 ,
                 solacing
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 Praises
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 successful
                 Adventures
                 .
                 The
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 belongs
                 to
                 the
                 Boreades
                 ,
                 the
                 Posterity
                 of
                 Boreas
                 ,
                 who
                 hold
                 the
                 Principality
                 by
                 Descent
                 in
                 a
                 direct
                 Line
                 from
                 that
                 Ancestor
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 IV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   A
                   Description
                   of
                   Arabia
                   the
                   Desert
                   ,
                   Happy
                   ,
                   &c.
                   Metals
                   ,
                   Precious
                   Stones
                   ,
                   Beasts
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   A
                   Description
                   of
                   Taprobana
                   in
                   the
                   Southern
                   Ocean
                   ,
                   now
                   call'd
                   Ceylon
                   or
                   Zeilan
                   .
                   The
                   strange
                   things
                   there
                   .
                   How
                   discover'd
                   by
                   Iambulus
                   .
                
              
               
                 HAving
                 now
                 finish'd
                 these
                 foregoing
                 Relations
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 bend
                 our
                 Discourse
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 Parts
                 of
                 Asia
                 not
                 yet
                 spoken
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 chiefly
                 to
                 Arabia
                 .
                 
              
               
                 This
                 Country
                 is
                 situated
                 between
                 Syria
                 and
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 divided
                 into
                 several
                 Nations
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 East
                 the
                 Arabians
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 Nabateans
                 ,
                 inhabit
                 a
                 Tract
                 partly
                 
                 Desert
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 other
                 Parts
                 without
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 little
                 of
                 it
                 there
                 is
                 that
                 bears
                 any
                 Fruit
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 live
                 by
                 Robbing
                 and
                 Stealing
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 end
                 roving
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 the
                 Countries
                 far
                 and
                 near
                 ,
                 they
                 vex
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 with
                 their
                 continual
                 Incursions
                 and
                 Robberies
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 a
                 very
                 difficult
                 matter
                 to
                 subdue
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 the
                 dry
                 Country
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 Wells
                 digg'd
                 in
                 convenient
                 Places
                 ,
                 unknown
                 to
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 whither
                 they
                 fly
                 for
                 refuge
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 safe
                 :
                 For
                 knowing
                 where
                 the
                 Waters
                 lye
                 hid
                 and
                 private
                 ,
                 upon
                 opening
                 of
                 the
                 Wells
                 they
                 are
                 largely
                 supply'd
                 ;
                 but
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 who
                 pursue
                 them
                 (
                 unacquainted
                 with
                 those
                 Fountains
                 )
                 either
                 perish
                 for
                 Thirst
                 ,
                 or
                 falling
                 into
                 many
                 other
                 Disasters
                 ,
                 and
                 quite
                 tyr'd
                 out
                 ,
                 scarcely
                 ever
                 return
                 home
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 these
                 Arabians
                 (
                 being
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 conquer'd
                 )
                 are
                 never
                 inslav'd
                 ,
                 nor
                 ever
                 admit
                 any
                 Foreign
                 Prince
                 over
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 preserve
                 themselves
                 continually
                 in
                 perfect
                 Liberty
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 neither
                 the
                 Assyrians
                 antiently
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Medes
                 and
                 Persians
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 very
                 Macedonians
                 themselves
                 ,
                 were
                 ever
                 able
                 to
                 conquer
                 them
                 ;
                 who
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 often
                 march'd
                 with
                 great
                 Forces
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 ever
                 fail'd
                 in
                 their
                 Designs
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Nabateans
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 a
                 Rock
                 strongly
                 Fortified
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 there
                 is
                 an
                 Ascent
                 but
                 one
                 way
                 ,
                 through
                 which
                 a
                 few
                 only
                 at
                 a
                 time
                 mount
                 up
                 to
                 cast
                 down
                 their
                 Fardles
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 likewise
                 a
                 large
                 *
                 Mere
                 which
                 produces
                 Brimstone
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 they
                 raise
                 no
                 small
                 Revenue
                 :
                 It
                 's
                 †
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 *
                 Sixty
                 in
                 breadth
                 :
                 The
                 Water
                 for
                 Smell
                 stinks
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 bitter
                 in
                 Taste
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 neither
                 Fish
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 other
                 living
                 thing
                 us'd
                 to
                 the
                 Water
                 can
                 live
                 there
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 indeed
                 great
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 whose
                 Waters
                 are
                 exceeding
                 sweet
                 ,
                 which
                 empty
                 themselves
                 into
                 the
                 Lake
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 it
                 stinks
                 howsoever
                 .
                 Every
                 
                 Year
                 the
                 Brimstone
                 rises
                 up
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Mere
                 ,
                 some
                 Pieces
                 Two
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 Three
                 Plethras
                 Square
                 in
                 quantity
                 .
                 The
                 greater
                 Pieces
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 call
                 
                 Bulls
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 lesser
                 Calfs
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Brimstone
                 swims
                 upon
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 it
                 represents
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 the
                 form
                 of
                 an
                 Island
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 apparent
                 Signs
                 of
                 casting
                 
                 up
                 of
                 the
                 Brimstone
                 Twenty
                 Days
                 before
                 ;
                 for
                 every
                 where
                 round
                 the
                 Lake
                 for
                 many
                 Furlongs
                 distant
                 ,
                 a
                 Steam
                 arises
                 with
                 a
                 stinking
                 smell
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 Gold
                 ,
                 Silver
                 ,
                 or
                 Brass
                 near
                 those
                 Places
                 ,
                 change
                 their
                 natural
                 Colour
                 ;
                 but
                 return
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 ,
                 when
                 all
                 the
                 Brimstone
                 is
                 exhal'd
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 all
                 Places
                 near
                 adjoyning
                 are
                 corrupted
                 with
                 a
                 Fire
                 and
                 stinking
                 Stench
                 ,
                 it
                 infects
                 Mens
                 Bodies
                 with
                 Diseases
                 ,
                 and
                 shortens
                 their
                 days
                 .
                 However
                 this
                 Region
                 abounds
                 with
                 Palm-trees
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 's
                 water'd
                 with
                 wholesom
                 Rivers
                 and
                 Springs
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 Valley
                 thereabouts
                 grows
                 that
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 Balsam
                 :
                 Whence
                 they
                 gain
                 a
                 plentiful
                 Revenue
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 this
                 Plant
                 grows
                 in
                 no
                 other
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 which
                 affords
                 likewise
                 excellent
                 Medicines
                 for
                 the
                 Use
                 of
                 the
                 Physician
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 other
                 Arabia
                 adjoyning
                 to
                 this
                 barren
                 and
                 dry
                 Country
                 Arabia
                 ,
                 so
                 far
                 excels
                 
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 its
                 Fruitfulness
                 and
                 Plenty
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 good
                 things
                 its
                 call'd
                 
                   Arabia
                   the
                   Happy
                
                 .
                 It
                 plentifully
                 produces
                 *
                 Calamus
                 and
                 Mastick
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Aromatick
                 Plants
                 ,
                 and
                 breaths
                 out
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 fragrant
                 Smells
                 from
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 abounds
                 with
                 divers
                 kinds
                 of
                 sweet
                 Gums
                 ,
                 which
                 distil
                 from
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 furthest
                 Parts
                 
                 likewise
                 of
                 Arabia
                 produce
                 Myrrh
                 and
                 Frankincense
                 (
                 so
                 grateful
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 )
                 which
                 is
                 carry'd
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 over
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 the
                 Mountains
                 grow
                 in
                 abundance
                 not
                 only
                 Firs
                 and
                 Pine-trees
                 ,
                 but
                 tall
                 Cedars
                 ,
                 Junipers
                 and
                 the
                 Tree
                 call'd
                 *
                 Agyreus
                 ;
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 fruitful
                 Plants
                 ,
                 which
                 yield
                 not
                 only
                 a
                 pleasant
                 Tastle
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 most
                 sweet
                 and
                 delicious
                 Smell
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 come
                 near
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 very
                 Nature
                 of
                 the
                 Soyl
                 it self
                 is
                 odoriferous
                 and
                 useful
                 for
                 sweet
                 Perfumes
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 in
                 some
                 Places
                 of
                 Arabia
                 in
                 digging
                 of
                 the
                 Ground
                 they
                 find
                 sweet-scented
                 Veins
                 of
                 Stone
                 Metal
                 ,
                 which
                 furnish
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 
                 with
                 large
                 Quarries
                 ,
                 who
                 build
                 Houses
                 of
                 the
                 Stone
                 cut
                 out
                 of
                 these
                 Delphs
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Rain
                 falls
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Metal
                 in
                 the
                 Stone
                 melts
                 ,
                 and
                 runs
                 within
                 the
                 Joints
                 of
                 the
                 Building
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 binds
                 all
                 together
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Wall
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 all
                 of
                 one
                 Piece
                 .
                 In
                 Arabia
                 are
                 found
                 Mines
                 of
                 pure
                 Gold
                 call'd
                 
                 Gold
                 without
                 Fire
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 extracted
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 little
                 Pieces
                 of
                 drossy
                 Metal
                 by
                 melting
                 in
                 the
                 Fire
                 as
                 in
                 other
                 Places
                 ,
                 but
                 its
                 pure
                 and
                 refin'd
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 digging
                 it
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 every
                 Piece
                 about
                 the
                 Bigness
                 of
                 a
                 Chesnut
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 so
                 bright
                 and
                 glorious
                 a
                 Colour
                 that
                 this
                 Gold
                 adds
                 an
                 exceeding
                 Beauty
                 and
                 Lustre
                 to
                 the
                 most
                 precious
                 Stones
                 that
                 are
                 set
                 in
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 ARABIA
                 is
                 so
                 rich
                 in
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Cattle
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 Provinces
                 (
                 imploying
                 themselves
                 only
                 as
                 Herdsmen
                 and
                 Shepherds
                 )
                 live
                 fully
                 and
                 contentedly
                 without
                 the
                 Use
                 of
                 Corn.
                 That
                 Part
                 joyning
                 upon
                 Asia
                 breeds
                 vast
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 exceeding
                 great
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Lyons
                 and
                 Leopards
                 here
                 are
                 far
                 more
                 for
                 Number
                 ,
                 and
                 larger
                 and
                 stronger
                 than
                 any
                 in
                 Africa
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 added
                 those
                 they
                 call
                 the
                 Babylonian
                 Tygers
                 .
                 It
                 produces
                 likewise
                 Beasts
                 of
                 a
                 double
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 mixt
                 Shape
                 ;
                 amongst
                 whom
                 are
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 call'd
                 *
                 Struthocameli
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 the
                 Shape
                 both
                 of
                 a
                 Camel
                 and
                 an
                 †
                 Ostrich
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 the
                 Bulk
                 of
                 their
                 Bodies
                 they
                 are
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 a
                 Camel
                 newly
                 foal'd
                 ,
                 having
                 upon
                 their
                 Heads
                 small
                 Hairs
                 and
                 great
                 and
                 black
                 Eyes
                 ;
                 in
                 Shape
                 and
                 Colour
                 they
                 are
                 like
                 to
                 Camels
                 ,
                 having
                 long
                 Necks
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 short
                 Beaks
                 turning
                 inwards
                 ,
                 and
                 sharp
                 at
                 the
                 Point
                 ;
                 they
                 have
                 Wings
                 also
                 of
                 soft
                 and
                 hairy
                 Feathers
                 ;
                 they
                 are
                 supported
                 with
                 two
                 strong
                 Thighs
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 cloven
                 hoofed
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 this
                 Creature
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 both
                 terrestrial
                 and
                 volatile
                 ,
                 a
                 
                 Land-Beast
                 and
                 a
                 Bird
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 fly
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Bulk
                 of
                 her
                 Body
                 ,
                 she
                 runs
                 upon
                 the
                 Ground
                 as
                 swift
                 as
                 if
                 she
                 flew
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 she
                 is
                 pursu'd
                 by
                 Horsemen
                 ,
                 with
                 her
                 Feet
                 she
                 hurls
                 the
                 Stones
                 that
                 are
                 under
                 her
                 ,
                 with
                 that
                 Force
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 sent
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Sling
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 times
                 kills
                 the
                 Pursuers
                 with
                 the
                 Blows
                 and
                 Strokes
                 they
                 receive
                 .
                 When
                 she
                 is
                 near
                 being
                 taken
                 ,
                 she
                 thrusts
                 her
                 Head
                 under
                 a
                 Shrub
                 or
                 some
                 such
                 like
                 Cover
                 ;
                 not
                 (
                 as
                 some
                 suppose
                 )
                 through
                 Folly
                 and
                 Blockishness
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 she
                 would
                 not
                 see
                 any
                 or
                 be
                 seen
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 her
                 Head
                 is
                 the
                 tenderest
                 Part
                 of
                 her
                 Body
                 she
                 seeks
                 to
                 secure
                 that
                 Part
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 ways
                 she
                 can
                 ;
                 for
                 Nature
                 teaches
                 all
                 Creatures
                 to
                 seek
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 preserve
                 themselves
                 but
                 their
                 Kind
                 ;
                 through
                 a
                 natural
                 Instinct
                 and
                 Love
                 of
                 Life
                 prompting
                 them
                 to
                 perpetuate
                 their
                 Species
                 by
                 a
                 constant
                 Propagation
                 .
              
               
               
                 Those
                 Creatures
                 call'd
                 Cameleopards
                 partake
                 of
                 both
                 kinds
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 denoted
                 by
                 
                 their
                 Name
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 indeed
                 less
                 then
                 Camels
                 ,
                 and
                 lower
                 crested
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 their
                 Heads
                 and
                 Eyes
                 like
                 unto
                 Leopards
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 Bulch
                 upon
                 their
                 Backs
                 they
                 resemble
                 Camels
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 Colour
                 ,
                 Hair
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Length
                 of
                 their
                 Tails
                 they
                 are
                 in
                 Nature
                 Leopards
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 likewise
                 bred
                 *
                 Tragclaphi
                 and
                 Buffels
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Creatures
                 of
                 a
                 double
                 Shape
                 ,
                 partaking
                 of
                 several
                 Natures
                 ;
                 which
                 would
                 require
                 a
                 long
                 Discourse
                 to
                 describe
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 particularly
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 s
                 very
                 reasonable
                 to
                 conceive
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 vivifying
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 in
                 the
                 Southern
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 many
                 sorts
                 of
                 wonderful
                 Creatures
                 are
                 there
                 bred
                 .
                 And
                 upon
                 this
                 Account
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 Crocodiles
                 and
                 River-horses
                 in
                 Egypt
                 ;
                 and
                 great
                 Numbers
                 and
                 divers
                 sorts
                 of
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 Serpeuts
                 and
                 other
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 amongst
                 the
                 rest
                 )
                 Dragons
                 of
                 an
                 unusual
                 Bigness
                 and
                 Fierceness
                 in
                 Ethiopia
                 and
                 the
                 Deserts
                 of
                 Africa
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 Reason
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 Elephants
                 in
                 India
                 more
                 than
                 elsewhere
                 for
                 their
                 Number
                 ,
                 and
                 excelling
                 all
                 others
                 in
                 Strength
                 and
                 the
                 Bulk
                 of
                 their
                 Bodies
                 .
                 In
                 these
                 Parts
                 also
                 are
                 produc'd
                 by
                 the
                 Influence
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 several
                 kinds
                 of
                 living
                 Creatures
                 ,
                 but
                 divers
                 sorts
                 of
                 precious
                 Stones
                 commendable
                 both
                 for
                 the
                 Variety
                 of
                 
                 their
                 Colours
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 sparkling
                 Lustre
                 and
                 Beauty
                 .
              
               
                 Crystal
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 is
                 produc'd
                 of
                 the
                 purest
                 Water
                 congeal'd
                 and
                 hardned
                 ,
                 not
                 
                 by
                 Cold
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 continues
                 for
                 ever
                 ,
                 and
                 receives
                 many
                 Shapes
                 and
                 Colours
                 according
                 as
                 the
                 Spirits
                 are
                 exhal'd
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 *
                 Smaragdos
                 and
                 Beryl
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 call'd
                 )
                 which
                 are
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 Copper-Mines
                 are
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 their
                 Colour
                 from
                 their
                 Mixture
                 with
                 Sulphur
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 the
                 †
                 Chrysolite
                 produc'd
                 by
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 receives
                 its
                 Tincture
                 from
                 an
                 hot
                 and
                 fiery
                 Exhalation
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 it
                 s
                 said
                 that
                 those
                 Stones
                 call'd
                 *
                 Pseudocrists
                 are
                 made
                 of
                 Crystal
                 calcin'd
                 by
                 the
                 Goldsmiths
                 Fire
                 .
                 By
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 likewise
                 are
                 produc'd
                 †
                 Rubies
                 ,
                 which
                 differ
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 as
                 there
                 is
                 more
                 or
                 less
                 Light
                 inclos'd
                 in
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Concretion
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 Reason
                 Birds
                 Feathers
                 differ
                 in
                 Colour
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 some
                 are
                 all
                 over
                 of
                 a
                 Purple
                 Dye
                 ,
                 others
                 only
                 spotted
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 .
                 For
                 some
                 things
                 seem
                 red
                 ,
                 others
                 yellow
                 ,
                 some
                 green
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 a
                 golden
                 Colour
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Position
                 to
                 the
                 Light.
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 
                 innumerable
                 sorts
                 of
                 Colours
                 (
                 very
                 difficult
                 to
                 be
                 reckon'd
                 up
                 )
                 are
                 occasion'd
                 by
                 this
                 Means
                 ;
                 which
                 we
                 see
                 is
                 done
                 by
                 the
                 Reflection
                 of
                 the
                 Sun's
                 Beams
                 upon
                 the
                 Rainbow
                 .
                 Whence
                 the
                 Naturalists
                 do
                 agree
                 ,
                 that
                 even
                 the
                 various
                 Colours
                 of
                 Things
                 above
                 proceed
                 from
                 their
                 Diversity
                 of
                 Heat
                 ,
                 the
                 lively
                 Operation
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 causing
                 their
                 several
                 Forms
                 and
                 Shapes
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 various
                 Colours
                 of
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 it self
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 Efficacy
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 whose
                 natural
                 Operations
                 the
                 Arts
                 of
                 Men
                 (
                 as
                 Nature's
                 Scholars
                 )
                 do
                 imitate
                 ,
                 framing
                 Variety
                 of
                 Colours
                 in
                 Painting
                 and
                 Embroidery
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 as
                 Colours
                 are
                 form'd
                 by
                 Light
                 ,
                 so
                 Smells
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 Variety
                 of
                 Tastes
                 ,
                 Greatness
                 of
                 living
                 Creatures
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 natural
                 Constitution
                 of
                 every
                 Thing
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 several
                 Properties
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 are
                 caus'd
                 by
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 both
                 the
                 Earth
                 and
                 Water
                 fruitful
                 with
                 its
                 cherishing
                 Heat
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 the
                 Parent
                 of
                 every
                 Creature
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 neither
                 the
                 Marble
                 of
                 Paros
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 other
                 Stone
                 (
                 tho'
                 never
                 so
                 admirable
                 )
                 are
                 comparable
                 to
                 the
                 Stones
                 in
                 Arabia
                 ,
                 which
                 exceed
                 all
                 others
                 for
                 Lustre
                 ,
                 Weight
                 and
                 Delicacy
                 .
                 This
                 singular
                 Property
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 said
                 )
                 every
                 thing
                 is
                 cloath'd
                 with
                 by
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 in
                 this
                 Region
                 :
                 For
                 by
                 its
                 Heat
                 it
                 concretes
                 ,
                 by
                 Exhalation
                 hardens
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 its
                 Light
                 beautifies
                 .
              
               
                 Hence
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 Birds
                 are
                 of
                 a
                 hot
                 Nature
                 ,
                 swift
                 of
                 Flight
                 ,
                 and
                 deck'd
                 most
                 with
                 Variety
                 of
                 Colours
                 in
                 those
                 Regions
                 that
                 are
                 directly
                 under
                 the
                 Scorching
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun.
                 
              
               
                 For
                 in
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Babylon
                 are
                 bred
                 many
                 Peacocks
                 ,
                 beautify'd
                 with
                 various
                 Colours
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 *
                 furthest
                 Parts
                 of
                 Syria
                 ,
                 Parrots
                 ,
                 †
                 Porphyrios
                 ,
                 *
                 Meleagrides
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 strange
                 Birds
                 of
                 various
                 Natures
                 and
                 Colours
                 .
                 The
                 like
                 may
                 be
                 said
                 of
                 other
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Climate
                 is
                 the
                 same
                 ;
                 as
                 of
                 India
                 ,
                 the
                 Parts
                 about
                 the
                 
                   Red
                   Sea
                
                 ,
                 of
                 Ethiopia
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 some
                 Parts
                 of
                 Africa
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Eastern
                 Parts
                 being
                 richer
                 and
                 more
                 fruitful
                 breed
                 larger
                 and
                 more
                 noble
                 Creatures
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 Creatures
                 that
                 are
                 bred
                 in
                 other
                 Countries
                 have
                 Natures
                 agreeable
                 to
                 the
                 Goodness
                 of
                 the
                 Soyl.
                 So
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 the
                 *
                 
                   Palm
                   Trees
                
                 of
                 Africa
                 bear
                 but
                 small
                 and
                 indigested
                 Fruit
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 Coelo-Syria
                 the
                 Dates
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 †
                 Cariots
                 ,
                 excel
                 all
                 others
                 for
                 pleasant
                 Juice
                 ,
                 Sweetness
                 and
                 Largeness
                 .
                 Yet
                 in
                 Arabia
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Babylon
                 grow
                 far
                 larger
                 than
                 those
                 ,
                 in
                 Quantity
                 fix
                 Fingers
                 round
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 a
                 yellow
                 ,
                 some
                 scarlet
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 of
                 a
                 purple
                 Dye
                 ,
                 delightful
                 both
                 to
                 the
                 Eye
                 and
                 grateful
                 to
                 the
                 Taste
                 .
                 The
                 
                   Palm
                   Trees
                
                 are
                 very
                 tall
                 ,
                 streight
                 and
                 smooth
                 to
                 the
                 Top.
                 The
                 Branches
                 grow
                 near
                 to
                 *
                 the
                 Head
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 all
                 in
                 the
                 like
                 Manner
                 .
                 For
                 some
                 have
                 their
                 Branches
                 growing
                 round
                 them
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 and
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Fruit
                 bursting
                 out
                 in
                 Clusters
                 through
                 the
                 Bark
                 .
                 Others
                 represent
                 a
                 burning
                 Lamp
                 ,
                 their
                 spiring
                 Branches
                 surrounding
                 only
                 one
                 Part
                 near
                 the
                 Top.
                 Others
                 whose
                 Boughs
                 clasp
                 on
                 every
                 Part
                 round
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 and
                 guarded
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 with
                 a
                 double
                 row
                 of
                 tender
                 Sprouts
                 ,
                 represent
                 something
                 painted
                 or
                 inscrib'd
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 Part
                 of
                 Arabia
                 lying
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 is
                 call'd
                 Arabia
                 the
                 Happy
                 ;
                 the
                 Arabians
                 
                 that
                 inhabit
                 the
                 inner
                 Parts
                 ,
                 live
                 Pastoral
                 Lives
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Tents
                 .
                 They
                 have
                 great
                 Herds
                 of
                 Cattle
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 continually
                 in
                 vast
                 and
                 large
                 Pastures
                 .
                 That
                 Region
                 which
                 lyes
                 between
                 them
                 and
                 Arabia
                 the
                 Happy
                 ,
                 is
                 Desert
                 ,
                 without
                 Water
                 ,
                 as
                 
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 observ'd
                 .
                 The
                 Places
                 towards
                 the
                 West
                 are
                 sandy
                 Deserts
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 all
                 that
                 travel
                 there
                 direct
                 their
                 Course
                 (
                 as
                 Mariners
                 at
                 Sea
                 )
                 by
                 the
                 *
                 Bear
                 
                 Star.
                 The
                 other
                 Part
                 of
                 Arabia
                 stretching
                 towards
                 Syria
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 Husbandmen
                 
                 and
                 divers
                 sorts
                 of
                 Merchants
                 .
                 These
                 by
                 their
                 Traffic
                 and
                 Merchandize
                 by
                 importing
                 and
                 exporting
                 plentifully
                 furnish
                 all
                 other
                 Parts
                 round
                 about
                 ,
                 with
                 what
                 things
                 they
                 want
                 .
                 That
                 Part
                 bordering
                 upon
                 the
                 Ocean
                 lyes
                 about
                 Arabia
                 the
                 Happy
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 (
                 by
                 many
                 Rivers
                 falling
                 down
                 together
                 )
                 are
                 made
                 many
                 large
                 Ponds
                 and
                 Lakes
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 :
                 And
                 because
                 large
                 Tracts
                 of
                 Ground
                 are
                 water'd
                 by
                 the
                 Rivers
                 and
                 the
                 Rains
                 that
                 fall
                 in
                 the
                 Summer
                 time
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 a
                 double
                 Harvest
                 .
                 This
                 Place
                 breeds
                 Troops
                 of
                 Elephants
                 and
                 other
                 Beasts
                 of
                 vast
                 Proportion
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 of
                 double
                 Shapes
                 and
                 strange
                 Kinds
                 ;
                 and
                 also
                 abundance
                 of
                 tame
                 Cattle
                 ,
                 especially
                 Oxen
                 and
                 Sheep
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 very
                 great
                 and
                 thick
                 Tales
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 there
                 bred
                 in
                 like
                 manner
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Camels
                 far
                 beyond
                 all
                 others
                 (
                 both
                 †
                 bare
                 and
                 rough
                 )
                 and
                 the
                 Bulch
                 upon
                 their
                 Backs
                 twice
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 any
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 they
                 are
                 call'd
                 *
                 Dityles
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 these
                 bring
                 in
                 great
                 Profit
                 both
                 by
                 their
                 Milk
                 and
                 their
                 Flesh
                 .
                 Others
                 ,
                 accustom'd
                 to
                 Burthens
                 ,
                 will
                 carry
                 †
                 twenty
                 Bushels
                 of
                 Corn
                 upon
                 their
                 Backs
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 of
                 smaller
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 but
                 swifter
                 than
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 are
                 us'd
                 to
                 running
                 ,
                 and
                 dispatch
                 a
                 vast
                 Tract
                 of
                 Ground
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 the
                 dry
                 and
                 desert
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Beasts
                 are
                 useful
                 in
                 times
                 of
                 War
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 Battles
                 they
                 carry
                 two
                 Archers
                 sitting
                 back
                 to
                 back
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 to
                 oppose
                 them
                 that
                 attack
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 to
                 repulse
                 such
                 as
                 fall
                 upon
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Rear
                 .
                 Although
                 this
                 Discourse
                 of
                 Arabia
                 and
                 the
                 Things
                 there
                 bred
                 and
                 produc'd
                 may
                 perhaps
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 too
                 tedious
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 observing
                 Reader
                 may
                 find
                 in
                 it
                 many
                 things
                 worthy
                 to
                 be
                 known
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 we
                 purpose
                 to
                 say
                 something
                 briefly
                 of
                 a
                 certain
                 Island
                 lying
                 in
                 the
                 Southern
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Wonders
                 there
                 ,
                 
                 giving
                 first
                 an
                 exact
                 Account
                 by
                 what
                 Means
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 discover'd
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 was
                 one
                 Iambulus
                 ,
                 from
                 his
                 Youth
                 studious
                 and
                 learn'd
                 .
                 After
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 a
                 Merchant
                 )
                 he
                 apply'd
                 himself
                 likewise
                 to
                 that
                 Calling
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 he
                 travell'd
                 through
                 Arabia
                 to
                 
                 that
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 where
                 Spices
                 most
                 abounded
                 ,
                 he
                 and
                 all
                 his
                 Company
                 fell
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 Thieves
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 first
                 he
                 was
                 made
                 a
                 Shepherd
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 another
                 of
                 his
                 Fellow
                 Captives
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 was
                 again
                 taken
                 by
                 Ethiopian
                 Skulkers
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 into
                 the
                 Maritime
                 Parts
                 of
                 Ethiopia
                 .
                 And
                 they
                 were
                 thus
                 stolen
                 and
                 carried
                 away
                 ,
                 that
                 (
                 being
                 Strangers
                 )
                 by
                 them
                 they
                 might
                 purge
                 and
                 expiate
                 the
                 Land.
                 For
                 the
                 Ethiopian
                 Inhabitants
                 there
                 had
                 a
                 Custom
                 anciently
                 us'd
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 appointed
                 by
                 the
                 Oracles
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 Twenty
                 Generations
                 before
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 Six
                 Hundred
                 Years
                 (
                 every
                 Generation
                 comprehending
                 *
                 Thirty
                 Years
                 )
                 that
                 the
                 Land
                 should
                 be
                 purg'd
                 by
                 Two
                 Men
                 that
                 were
                 Strangers
                 .
                 They
                 prepar'd
                 therefore
                 
                 a
                 little
                 Ship
                 ,
                 yet
                 sufficient
                 to
                 endure
                 the
                 Storms
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 easily
                 to
                 be
                 govern'd
                 by
                 Two
                 Men
                 :
                 Upon
                 this
                 Ship
                 they
                 put
                 the
                 Men
                 on
                 Board
                 ,
                 with
                 Six
                 Months
                 Provision
                 ,
                 that
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 direction
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 )
                 they
                 might
                 sail
                 away
                 in
                 a
                 direct
                 Course
                 towards
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 arrive
                 at
                 a
                 Fortunate
                 Island
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 might
                 find
                 People
                 that
                 were
                 gentle
                 and
                 kind
                 ,
                 with
                 whom
                 they
                 might
                 live
                 happy
                 lives
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 arriv'd
                 safe
                 at
                 the
                 Island
                 (
                 they
                 told
                 them
                 )
                 their
                 own
                 Nation
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 they
                 came
                 ,
                 should
                 enjoy
                 Peace
                 and
                 Prosperity
                 for
                 Six
                 Hundred
                 Years
                 to
                 come
                 .
                 
              
               
                 But
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 affrighted
                 with
                 the
                 length
                 of
                 the
                 Voyage
                 ,
                 and
                 should
                 return
                 again
                 ,
                 they
                 told
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 like
                 impious
                 Wretches
                 ,
                 and
                 destructive
                 to
                 the
                 Nation
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 undergo
                 most
                 severe
                 Punishments
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 say
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 kept
                 a
                 Festival
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea-shoar
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 splendid
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 crown'd
                 the
                 Purgators
                 with
                 Garlands
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 them
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 perfected
                 the
                 Purgation
                 of
                 the
                 Nation
                 .
                 These
                 Two
                 Men
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 being
                 tossed
                 for
                 Four
                 Months
                 together
                 ,
                 having
                 pass'd
                 over
                 a
                 vast
                 Ocean
                 (
                 after
                 many
                 Storms
                 and
                 hardships
                 at
                 Sea
                 )
                 at
                 last
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 the
                 Island
                 design'd
                 in
                 the
                 Fourth
                 Month.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Island
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 round
                 Form
                 ,
                 †
                 Five
                 Thousand
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 Compass
                 .
                 When
                 
                 the
                 Men
                 drew
                 near
                 to
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 came
                 to
                 meet
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 the
                 Ship
                 into
                 Harbour
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 many
                 more
                 flockt
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 throng'd
                 about
                 the
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 wondring
                 how
                 ever
                 they
                 got
                 thither
                 ;
                 however
                 they
                 courteously
                 receiv'd
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 entertain'd
                 them
                 with
                 what
                 their
                 Country
                 could
                 afford
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Inhabitants
                 are
                 much
                 unlike
                 to
                 us
                 in
                 these
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 both
                 as
                 to
                 
                 their
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 way
                 of
                 living
                 ;
                 but
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 for
                 Form
                 and
                 Shape
                 like
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 stature
                 above
                 *
                 Four
                 Cubits
                 high
                 .
                 They
                 can
                 bend
                 and
                 turn
                 their
                 Bones
                 somewhat
                 like
                 unto
                 Nerves
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 the
                 Nervous
                 Parts
                 after
                 motion
                 ended
                 ,
                 return
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 state
                 and
                 position
                 ,
                 so
                 do
                 their
                 Bones
                 .
                 Their
                 Bodies
                 are
                 very
                 tender
                 ,
                 but
                 their
                 Nerves
                 far
                 stronger
                 than
                 ours
                 ,
                 for
                 whatever
                 they
                 grasp
                 in
                 their
                 Hands
                 ,
                 none
                 are
                 able
                 to
                 wrest
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Fingers
                 .
                 They
                 have
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 Hair
                 in
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 but
                 upon
                 their
                 Heads
                 ,
                 Eye-brows
                 ,
                 Eye-lids
                 and
                 Chins
                 ;
                 all
                 other
                 Parts
                 are
                 so
                 smooth
                 ,
                 that
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 Down
                 appears
                 any
                 where
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 very
                 comely
                 and
                 well
                 shap'd
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Holes
                 of
                 their
                 Ears
                 are
                 much
                 wider
                 than
                 ours
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 something
                 like
                 little
                 Tongues
                 growing
                 out
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 Their
                 Tongues
                 have
                 something
                 in
                 them
                 singular
                 and
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 the
                 Effect
                 both
                 of
                 Nature
                 and
                 Art
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 have
                 partly
                 a
                 double
                 Tongue
                 ,
                 naturally
                 a
                 little
                 divided
                 ,
                 but
                 cut
                 further
                 inwards
                 by
                 Art
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 seems
                 two
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Root
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 there
                 's
                 great
                 variety
                 of
                 Speech
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 not
                 only
                 imitate
                 Mans
                 Voice
                 in
                 articulate
                 Speaking
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 various
                 Chatterings
                 of
                 Birds
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Notes
                 as
                 they
                 please
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 more
                 wonderful
                 than
                 all
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 can
                 speak
                 perfectly
                 to
                 two
                 Men
                 at
                 once
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 answering
                 to
                 what
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 and
                 aptly
                 carrying
                 on
                 a
                 continu'd
                 Discourse
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 subject
                 Matter
                 in
                 hand
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 with
                 one
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Tongue
                 they
                 speak
                 to
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 part
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Island
                 is
                 under
                 a
                 most
                 excellent
                 and
                 moderate
                 Climate
                 (
                 lying
                 †
                 under
                 the
                 
                 Aequator
                 )
                 neither
                 scorcht
                 with
                 Heat
                 ,
                 nor
                 pincht
                 with
                 Cold
                 ;
                 there
                 they
                 have
                 ripe
                 Fruit
                 all
                 the
                 Year
                 long
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 *
                 Poet
                 says
                 ,
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Apples
                   and
                   Pears
                   always
                   both
                   ripe
                   and
                   green
                   ,
                
                 
                   With
                   Grapes
                   and
                   Figs
                   may
                   ever
                   there
                   be
                   seen
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 Days
                 and
                 Nights
                 are
                 there
                 always
                 of
                 an
                 equal
                 length
                 ;
                 neither
                 is
                 there
                 any
                 Shadow
                 at
                 Noon-day
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Sun
                 is
                 directly
                 in
                 the
                 Zenith
                 over
                 head
                 .
                 They
                 live
                 divided
                 into
                 Tribes
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Kindred
                 ,
                 and
                 into
                 distinct
                 Societies
                 ;
                 
                 yet
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 not
                 above
                 Four
                 Hundred
                 admitted
                 into
                 any
                 one
                 Tribe
                 or
                 Society
                 .
                 They
                 live
                 in
                 Meadows
                 where
                 they
                 are
                 plentifully
                 supply'd
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 Food
                 by
                 what
                 the
                 Earth
                 produces
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Fertility
                 of
                 the
                 Soyl
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Temperature
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 is
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 Corn
                 (
                 more
                 than
                 enough
                 )
                 grows
                 there
                 of
                 it self
                 .
                 Plenty
                 of
                 Calamus
                 likewise
                 is
                 produc'd
                 there
                 ,
                 whose
                 Fruit
                 is
                 like
                 to
                 †
                 white
                 Vetches
                 :
                 When
                 they
                 have
                 gather'd
                 it
                 ,
                 they
                 steep
                 in
                 it
                 hot
                 
                 Water
                 ,
                 till
                 it
                 puffs
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 bigness
                 of
                 a
                 Pigeons
                 Egg
                 ;
                 then
                 bruising
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 rubbing
                 
                 it
                 skilfully
                 in
                 their
                 Hands
                 ,
                 they
                 knead
                 it
                 into
                 Dough
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 bake
                 and
                 eat
                 it
                 ,
                 being
                 exceeding
                 sweet
                 and
                 delicious
                 Bread
                 to
                 the
                 Taste
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 there
                 both
                 hot
                 and
                 cold
                 large
                 Baths
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 the
                 curing
                 and
                 preventing
                 of
                 Distempers
                 ,
                 being
                 
                 exceeding
                 sweet
                 and
                 pleasant
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 learn'd
                 in
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Sciences
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 Astrology
                 .
                 They
                 use
                 Eight
                 and
                 Twenty
                 particular
                 Letters
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 signifying
                 what
                 they
                 mean
                 ,
                 and
                 Seven
                 Characters
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 are
                 form'd
                 
                 Four
                 manner
                 of
                 ways
                 .
                 They
                 live
                 long
                 generally
                 ,
                 without
                 ever
                 being
                 Sick
                 ,
                 to
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Years
                 of
                 Age.
                 
              
               
                 Those
                 that
                 are
                 lame
                 ,
                 or
                 have
                 any
                 other
                 weakness
                 or
                 infirmity
                 of
                 Body
                 (
                 according
                 
                 to
                 the
                 severe
                 Law
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 )
                 they
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 .
                 They
                 write
                 not
                 cross
                 over
                 the
                 Sheet
                 as
                 we
                 do
                 ,
                 but
                 begin
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Leaf
                 ,
                 and
                 go
                 on
                 in
                 one
                 direct
                 Line
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Bottom
                 .
                 They
                 have
                 a
                 Law
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 live
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 certain
                 number
                 of
                 Years
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 those
                 are
                 run
                 up
                 ,
                 they
                 dispatch
                 themselves
                 by
                 a
                 strange
                 kind
                 of
                 Death
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 's
                 an
                 Herb
                 of
                 a
                 double
                 nature
                 ,
                 that
                 grows
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 if
                 any
                 one
                 lies
                 down
                 ,
                 he
                 silently
                 passes
                 away
                 and
                 dies
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 sense
                 of
                 pain
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 sweet
                 Sleep
                 .
                 They
                 never
                 marry
                 ,
                 but
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 Women
                 promiscuously
                 ,
                 and
                 breed
                 up
                 the
                 Children
                 so
                 begotten
                 (
                 as
                 common
                 to
                 them
                 all
                 )
                 with
                 equal
                 care
                 and
                 affection
                 to
                 one
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 to
                 another
                 .
                 The
                 Children
                 while
                 they
                 are
                 tender
                 Infants
                 are
                 often
                 chang'd
                 by
                 the
                 Nurses
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 cannot
                 be
                 known
                 by
                 their
                 Mothers
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 there
                 being
                 no
                 Ambition
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 live
                 in
                 great
                 concord
                 and
                 amity
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Seditions
                 or
                 Tumults
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 Beasts
                 among
                 them
                 very
                 small
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 an
                 admirable
                 property
                 as
                 to
                 their
                 Flesh
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 excellent
                 virtue
                 that
                 is
                 in
                 their
                 Blood.
                 Their
                 
                 Bodies
                 are
                 round
                 ,
                 and
                 something
                 like
                 to
                 a
                 Tortoise
                 ,
                 divided
                 by
                 Two
                 Streaks
                 which
                 run
                 down
                 the
                 Back
                 ;
                 at
                 each
                 end
                 of
                 every
                 Streak
                 they
                 have
                 an
                 Eye
                 and
                 a
                 Mouth
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 Four
                 Eyes
                 to
                 see
                 with
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 Mouths
                 to
                 feed
                 with
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Meat
                 they
                 eat
                 ,
                 is
                 convey'd
                 through
                 one
                 Throat
                 ,
                 and
                 hence
                 into
                 the
                 Belly
                 ,
                 the
                 common
                 Receptacle
                 of
                 all
                 :
                 And
                 so
                 in
                 like
                 manner
                 they
                 have
                 but
                 one
                 Gut
                 ,
                 nor
                 but
                 one
                 of
                 every
                 other
                 of
                 the
                 inner
                 Parts
                 :
                 They
                 have
                 many
                 Feet
                 plac'd
                 round
                 their
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 go
                 on
                 what
                 side
                 they
                 will.
                 There
                 's
                 a
                 marvelous
                 virtue
                 in
                 the
                 Blood
                 of
                 this
                 little
                 Creature
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 presently
                 at
                 an
                 instant
                 closes
                 all
                 Cuts
                 and
                 gaping
                 Wounds
                 in
                 every
                 Body
                 that
                 has
                 still
                 life
                 in
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 a
                 Hand
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 Member
                 of
                 that
                 kind
                 (
                 that
                 is
                 not
                 Vital
                 )
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 application
                 of
                 this
                 Blood
                 (
                 while
                 the
                 Wound
                 continues
                 green
                 )
                 it
                 heals
                 up
                 again
                 .
              
               
                 Each
                 Society
                 of
                 these
                 Inhabitants
                 do
                 keep
                 many
                 great
                 Birds
                 of
                 a
                 singular
                 Nature
                 ,
                 
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 try
                 the
                 Courage
                 of
                 their
                 Children
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 place
                 them
                 upon
                 the
                 Birds
                 Backs
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 as
                 sit
                 fast
                 when
                 the
                 Birds
                 take
                 their
                 Flight
                 ,
                 they
                 bring
                 up
                 ;
                 but
                 those
                 that
                 faint
                 and
                 are
                 terrify'd
                 ,
                 they
                 throw
                 away
                 ,
                 as
                 such
                 that
                 can
                 never
                 indure
                 hardship
                 any
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 nor
                 have
                 any
                 generous
                 Spirit
                 in
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 every
                 Tribe
                 or
                 Society
                 ,
                 the
                 eldest
                 governs
                 the
                 rest
                 as
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 yield
                 him
                 perfect
                 Obedience
                 :
                 If
                 the
                 first
                 put
                 himself
                 to
                 Death
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Law
                 )
                 after
                 he
                 has
                 liv'd
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Years
                 ,
                 the
                 next
                 to
                 him
                 in
                 age
                 succeeds
                 in
                 the
                 chief
                 Command
                 and
                 Authority
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Sea
                 that
                 surrounds
                 this
                 Island
                 is
                 very
                 rough
                 ,
                 and
                 causes
                 very
                 great
                 and
                 high
                 Tides
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Water
                 is
                 fresh
                 and
                 sweet
                 .
                 The
                 *
                 
                   Bear
                   Star
                
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 visible
                 with
                 us
                 ,
                 are
                 never
                 seen
                 here
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Islands
                 are
                 Seven
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 equal
                 in
                 bigness
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 
                 same
                 distance
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Laws
                 and
                 Customs
                 are
                 us'd
                 in
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 :
                 And
                 though
                 these
                 Islands
                 afford
                 plenty
                 of
                 Provision
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 natural
                 growth
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 use
                 them
                 not
                 luxuriously
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 frugal
                 ,
                 and
                 gather
                 only
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 will
                 serve
                 their
                 turns
                 .
                 They
                 do
                 indeed
                 cook
                 for
                 themselves
                 Flesh-meat
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 sorts
                 of
                 Victuals
                 both
                 rosted
                 and
                 boil'd
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 for
                 Sauces
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 delicate
                 Inventions
                 of
                 that
                 kind
                 by
                 Cooks
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 various
                 Tasts
                 and
                 Savours
                 contriv'd
                 for
                 curious
                 Pallats
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 altogether
                 ignorant
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 Gods
                 they
                 worship
                 especially
                 the
                 whole
                 frame
                 of
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 comprehends
                 
                 all
                 things
                 ;
                 and
                 next
                 to
                 that
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 all
                 the
                 Celestial
                 Bodies
                 .
                 By
                 various
                 ways
                 of
                 Fishing
                 and
                 Fowling
                 ,
                 they
                 catch
                 Fish
                 and
                 Fowl
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 .
                 
                 There
                 are
                 among
                 them
                 abundance
                 of
                 Fruit-Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 Vines
                 ,
                 and
                 Olive-Trees
                 ,
                 whence
                 they
                 draw
                 great
                 quantity
                 of
                 Oil
                 and
                 Wine
                 .
              
               
               
                 Here
                 are
                 exceeding
                 great
                 Serpents
                 ,
                 which
                 yet
                 do
                 no
                 harm
                 to
                 any
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 their
                 
                 Flesh
                 is
                 good
                 Meat
                 and
                 very
                 sweet
                 .
                 They
                 make
                 their
                 Garments
                 of
                 a
                 soft
                 and
                 fine
                 Cotton
                 ,
                 contain'd
                 in
                 certain
                 Reeds
                 and
                 Canes
                 .
                 This
                 Cotton
                 they
                 dye
                 with
                 the
                 Shell-Fishes
                 call'd
                 Ostreses
                 ,
                 made
                 up
                 in
                 Balls
                 ,
                 and
                 mixt
                 and
                 wrought
                 amongst
                 the
                 Wool
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 with
                 great
                 pains
                 make
                 themselves
                 Garments
                 of
                 a
                 Purple
                 Colour
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 produces
                 living
                 Creatures
                 of
                 different
                 Natures
                 from
                 all
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 incredible
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 unusual
                 .
              
               
                 Their
                 way
                 of
                 Feeding
                 is
                 according
                 to
                 a
                 prescrib'd
                 Rule
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 do
                 not
                 eat
                 all
                 
                 sorts
                 of
                 Meats
                 together
                 at
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 same
                 always
                 ;
                 but
                 upon
                 some
                 certain
                 Days
                 Fish
                 ,
                 other
                 Fowl
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 the
                 Flesh
                 of
                 Land-Cattel
                 ,
                 at
                 other
                 times
                 Olives
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 other
                 Days
                 ,
                 very
                 low
                 and
                 mean
                 Diet.
                 They
                 help
                 one
                 another
                 in
                 their
                 Callings
                 and
                 Imployments
                 by
                 turns
                 :
                 Some
                 imploy
                 themselves
                 in
                 Fishing
                 ;
                 others
                 in
                 Manufactures
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 in
                 other
                 things
                 useful
                 and
                 profitable
                 to
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 .
                 Some
                 at
                 certain
                 times
                 do
                 exercise
                 publick
                 Offices
                 ,
                 except
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 grown
                 old
                 .
                 Upon
                 their
                 Festival
                 Days
                 ,
                 and
                 times
                 of
                 Invocation
                 upon
                 their
                 Gods
                 ,
                 they
                 celebrate
                 their
                 Praises
                 both
                 in
                 Acclametions
                 and
                 Songs
                 ;
                 especially
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 they
                 devote
                 themselves
                 and
                 their
                 Islands
                 .
              
               
                 Their
                 Dead
                 they
                 carry
                 to
                 the
                 Sea-shoar
                 at
                 the
                 Fall
                 of
                 the
                 Tide
                 ,
                 covering
                 them
                 
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 Sand
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Full
                 Sea
                 heaps
                 of
                 Sand
                 may
                 be
                 rais'd
                 higher
                 upon
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 Canes
                 whence
                 they
                 gather
                 Fruit
                 to
                 eat
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 Compass
                 of
                 a
                 Crown
                 in
                 thickness
                 ;
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 towards
                 the
                 Full
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 they
                 increase
                 ,
                 and
                 towards
                 the
                 New
                 Moon
                 they
                 proportionably
                 decrease
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Water
                 of
                 their
                 hot
                 Springs
                 is
                 sweet
                 and
                 wholsom
                 ,
                 and
                 ever
                 continues
                 warm
                 ,
                 never
                 growing
                 cold
                 ,
                 unless
                 it
                 be
                 mixt
                 with
                 Wine
                 or
                 cold
                 Water
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 Iambulus
                 with
                 his
                 Companion
                 had
                 continu'd
                 in
                 this
                 Island
                 Seven
                 Years
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 (
                 as
                 wicked
                 and
                 vile
                 Fellows
                 )
                 ejected
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 their
                 Ship
                 fitted
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Provision
                 ,
                 they
                 set
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 continu'd
                 their
                 Voyage
                 for
                 above
                 Four
                 Months
                 together
                 ,
                 they
                 fell
                 at
                 length
                 upon
                 the
                 Sandy
                 shallows
                 of
                 India
                 ,
                 where
                 Iambulus
                 his
                 Companion
                 was
                 drown'd
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 was
                 afterwards
                 cast
                 upon
                 a
                 certain
                 Village
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 carried
                 away
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 then
                 at
                 a
                 City
                 call'd
                 Polybothia
                 ,
                 many
                 Days
                 Journey
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 Sea
                 ;
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 kindly
                 receiv'd
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 love
                 for
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 very
                 studious
                 in
                 the
                 liberal
                 Sciences
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 (
                 having
                 obtain'd
                 Provision
                 from
                 the
                 King
                 )
                 he
                 first
                 sail'd
                 into
                 Persia
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 safely
                 arriv'd
                 in
                 Greece
                 .
                 This
                 Iambulus
                 committed
                 all
                 these
                 Adventures
                 to
                 Writing
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 many
                 things
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 India
                 ,
                 before
                 unknown
                 to
                 Strangers
                 .
                 But
                 having
                 now
                 perform'd
                 what
                 we
                 promis'd
                 in
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 this
                 Book
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 here
                 make
                 an
                 end
                 .
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               THE
               Historical
               Library
               OF
               
                 Diodorus
                 the
                 Sicilian
              
               .
               BOOK
               III.
               
            
             
               
                 The
                 PREFACE
                 .
                 
              
               
                 
                   THE
                   First
                   of
                   the
                   Two
                   Books
                   preceding
                   ,
                   contains
                   the
                   Acts
                   of
                   the
                   ancient
                   Kings
                   of
                
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   the
                   Fabulous
                   History
                   of
                   the
                
                 Egyptian
                 
                   Gods
                   :
                   Of
                   those
                   things
                   reported
                   of
                   the
                   River
                
                 Nile
                 ;
                 
                   of
                   their
                   Fruits
                   ,
                   divers
                   kinds
                   of
                   Beasts
                   ,
                   the
                   Situation
                   of
                   the
                   Country
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   their
                   Laws
                   and
                   Courts
                   of
                   Justice
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   Second
                   are
                   comprehended
                   the
                   Affairs
                   of
                
                 Asia
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   Acts
                   of
                   the
                
                 Assyrians
                 
                   in
                   antient
                   Times
                   ,
                   and
                   amongst
                   them
                   the
                   Birth
                   and
                   Advancement
                   of
                
                 Semiramis
                 ;
                 
                   how
                   she
                   built
                
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   many
                   other
                   Cities
                   ,
                   and
                   invaded
                   the
                
                 Indians
                 
                   with
                   a
                   mighty
                   Army
                   .
                   We
                   have
                   treated
                   there
                   likewise
                   of
                   the
                
                 Caldeans
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   their
                   Art
                   in
                   Astronomy
                   .
                   Of
                
                 Arabia
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   the
                   wonderful
                   things
                   there
                   :
                   Of
                   the
                
                 Amazons
                 :
                 
                   And
                   lastly
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                
                 Hyperboreans
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   the
                   Island
                
                 Taprobana
                 .
                 
                   In
                   this
                   ensuing
                   Book
                   pursuing
                   such
                   things
                   as
                   are
                   coherent
                   with
                   those
                   that
                   went
                   before
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   treat
                   of
                   the
                
                 Ethiopians
                 and
                 Africans
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   of
                   the
                
                 Atlantick
                 Islands
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   Ethiopians
                   :
                   Their
                   Letters
                   ,
                   Laws
                   ,
                   Arms
                   ,
                   Religion
                   ,
                   Funerals
                   :
                   The
                   Description
                   of
                   several
                   Parts
                   of
                   the
                   Country
                   .
                   Manner
                   of
                   making
                   of
                   Gold.
                   Of
                   the
                   Ichthyophages
                   ,
                   their
                   several
                   sorts
                   ,
                   and
                   way
                   of
                   Living
                   .
                
              
               
                 THE
                 Ethiopians
                 say
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 First
                 Men
                 that
                 ever
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 to
                 prove
                 this
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 clear
                 Demonstrations
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 Natives
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 Strangers
                 that
                 came
                 to
                 settle
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 therefore
                 by
                 the
                 general
                 Consent
                 almost
                 of
                 all
                 Men
                 call'd
                 †
                 Autochthones
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 every
                 Man's
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 most
                 probable
                 that
                 those
                 that
                 inhabit
                 the
                 *
                 South
                 ,
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 Living
                 Men
                 that
                 sprung
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 that
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 exhal'd
                 the
                 Moisture
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 production
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 influenc'd
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 quickening
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 it
                 's
                 very
                 rational
                 to
                 conclude
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 Places
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 first
                 Parents
                 of
                 all
                 Living
                 Creatures
                 .
              
               
               
                 It
                 's
                 affirm'd
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 instituted
                 Religious
                 Worship
                 ,
                 and
                 pompous
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 with
                 solemn
                 Assemblies
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 us'd
                 in
                 the
                 Service
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 honour
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 hold
                 that
                 the
                 Sacrifices
                 of
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 are
                 the
                 most
                 acceptable
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 Testimony
                 hereof
                 ,
                 they
                 produce
                 the
                 most
                 ancient
                 Poet
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 greatest
                 Authority
                 amongst
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 his
                 Iliads
                 introduces
                 Jupiter
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 travelling
                 into
                 Ethiopia
                 to
                 the
                 Anniversary
                 Sacrifice
                 ,
                 and
                 solemn
                 Festival
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   For
                   Jove
                   and
                   all
                   the
                   Gods
                   are
                   gone
                   to
                   Feast
                
                 
                   With
                   pious
                   Ethiopians
                   in
                   the
                   West
                   .
                
              
               
                 And
                 they
                 say
                 it
                 's
                 very
                 evident
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Gods
                 reward
                 them
                 for
                 their
                 Piety
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 never
                 brought
                 into
                 subjection
                 to
                 any
                 Foreign
                 Prince
                 ,
                 but
                 always
                 remain'd
                 a
                 free
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 perfect
                 Peace
                 among
                 themselves
                 .
                 And
                 although
                 many
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 most
                 Potent
                 Princes
                 likewise
                 ,
                 have
                 invaded
                 ,
                 yet
                 none
                 have
                 succeeded
                 in
                 their
                 Attempts
                 .
                 For
                 Cambyses
                 making
                 in
                 upon
                 them
                 with
                 mighty
                 Forces
                 ,
                 was
                 in
                 danger
                 both
                 to
                 have
                 lost
                 his
                 Life
                 and
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 .
                 And
                 Semiramis
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 so
                 famous
                 both
                 for
                 her
                 Skill
                 and
                 Success
                 in
                 Arms
                 ,
                 )
                 having
                 but
                 enter'd
                 a
                 little
                 way
                 into
                 Ethiopia
                 ,
                 presently
                 saw
                 it
                 was
                 to
                 no
                 purpose
                 to
                 think
                 of
                 conquering
                 that
                 Nation
                 .
              
               
                 Hercules
                 likewise
                 ,
                 and
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 who
                 ran
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 ,
                 forbore
                 only
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 ,
                 being
                 awed
                 by
                 the
                 Piety
                 of
                 that
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 discourag'd
                 with
                 the
                 difficulty
                 of
                 the
                 Attempt
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Ethiopians
                 likewise
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 are
                 a
                 Colony
                 drawn
                 out
                 from
                 
                 them
                 by
                 Osiris
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Egypt
                 was
                 formerly
                 no
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Continent
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 Sea
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 afterwards
                 it
                 was
                 by
                 degrees
                 made
                 Land
                 by
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 ,
                 which
                 brought
                 down
                 Slime
                 and
                 Mud
                 out
                 of
                 Ethiopia
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 that
                 Country
                 was
                 made
                 dry
                 Land
                 ,
                 by
                 heaps
                 of
                 Earth
                 forc'd
                 down
                 by
                 the
                 River
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 is
                 apparent
                 by
                 evident
                 Signs
                 about
                 the
                 Mouths
                 of
                 Nile
                 .
                 For
                 always
                 every
                 Year
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 seen
                 fresh
                 Heaps
                 of
                 Mud
                 cast
                 up
                 at
                 the
                 Mouths
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 by
                 the
                 working
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Land
                 increas'd
                 by
                 it
                 .
                 Moreover
                 they
                 affirm
                 ,
                 that
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Egyptian
                 Laws
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 same
                 with
                 those
                 in
                 Ethiopia
                 ,
                 the
                 Colony
                 still
                 observing
                 the
                 Customs
                 of
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 learnt
                 from
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 the
                 Custom
                 of
                 Deifying
                 of
                 their
                 Kings
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Care
                 and
                 Costs
                 in
                 their
                 Burials
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 things
                 us'd
                 amongst
                 them
                 :
                 Besides
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 Statues
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Characters
                 of
                 their
                 Letters
                 .
                 For
                 whereas
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 have
                 common
                 and
                 ordinary
                 Characters
                 us'd
                 promiscuously
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 those
                 they
                 call
                 Sacred
                 ,
                 known
                 only
                 by
                 the
                 Priests
                 ,
                 privately
                 taught
                 them
                 by
                 their
                 Parents
                 ;
                 yet
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 use
                 both
                 those
                 sorts
                 without
                 any
                 difference
                 or
                 distinction
                 .
                 The
                 several
                 Colleges
                 of
                 the
                 Priests
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 observe
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Order
                 and
                 Discipline
                 in
                 both
                 the
                 Nations
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 are
                 so
                 consecrated
                 for
                 Divine
                 Service
                 ,
                 are
                 wholly
                 devoted
                 to
                 Purity
                 and
                 Religion
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 both
                 Countries
                 are
                 shaven
                 alike
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 cloath'd
                 with
                 the
                 like
                 Stoles
                 and
                 Attire
                 ,
                 and
                 carry
                 a
                 Scepter
                 like
                 unto
                 a
                 Plow-share
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 their
                 Kings
                 likewise
                 bear
                 ;
                 with
                 high
                 crown'd
                 Caps
                 tufted
                 at
                 the
                 Top
                 ,
                 wreath'd
                 round
                 with
                 Serpents
                 call'd
                 Asps
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 is
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 signify'd
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 who
                 contrive
                 any
                 thing
                 against
                 the
                 Life
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 are
                 as
                 sure
                 to
                 dye
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 stung
                 with
                 the
                 deadly
                 Bite
                 of
                 the
                 Asp
                 .
                 Many
                 other
                 things
                 they
                 report
                 of
                 their
                 Antiquity
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 Colony
                 of
                 them
                 heretofore
                 carry'd
                 away
                 into
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 it's
                 unnecessary
                 further
                 to
                 write
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 lest
                 we
                 should
                 omit
                 things
                 that
                 are
                 antient
                 and
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 fit
                 something
                 
                 should
                 be
                 said
                 of
                 the
                 Ethiopick
                 Characters
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 those
                 which
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 call
                 Hieroglyphicks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Ethiopick
                 Letters
                 represent
                 the
                 Shapes
                 of
                 divers
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 Parts
                 and
                 Members
                 of
                 Mens
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 Artificers
                 Tools
                 and
                 Instruments
                 .
                 For
                 by
                 their
                 Writing
                 they
                 do
                 not
                 express
                 any
                 thing
                 by
                 composition
                 of
                 Syllables
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 signification
                 of
                 Images
                 and
                 Representations
                 ,
                 the
                 meaning
                 of
                 them
                 being
                 ingraven
                 and
                 fixt
                 in
                 the
                 Memory
                 by
                 use
                 and
                 exercise
                 .
                 For
                 sometimes
                 they
                 draw
                 the
                 Shape
                 of
                 a
                 
                 Kite
                 ,
                 Crocodile
                 or
                 Serpent
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 the
                 Members
                 of
                 a
                 Man's
                 Body
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Eye
                 ,
                 the
                 Hand
                 ,
                 the
                 Face
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 .
                 The
                 Kite
                 signifies
                 all
                 things
                 that
                 are
                 quickly
                 dispatcht
                 ;
                 because
                 this
                 Bird
                 flies
                 the
                 swistest
                 almost
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 .
                 For
                 Reason
                 presently
                 applies
                 it
                 by
                 a
                 suitable
                 Interpretation
                 to
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 is
                 suddain
                 and
                 quick
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 such
                 nature
                 ,
                 as
                 perfectly
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 spoken
                 .
                 The
                 Crocodile
                 is
                 the
                 Emblem
                 of
                 Malice
                 :
                 The
                 Eye
                 the
                 preserver
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Guard
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 .
                 Amongst
                 the
                 Members
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 the
                 Right
                 Hand
                 ,
                 with
                 open
                 Fingers
                 signifies
                 Plenty
                 ,
                 the
                 Left
                 with
                 the
                 Fingers
                 close
                 Preservation
                 ,
                 and
                 custody
                 of
                 Men's
                 Goods
                 and
                 Estates
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 same
                 way
                 of
                 reasoning
                 extends
                 to
                 all
                 other
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 forms
                 of
                 Tools
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 ;
                 for
                 being
                 that
                 they
                 diligently
                 pry
                 into
                 the
                 hidden
                 signification
                 of
                 every
                 thing
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 their
                 Minds
                 and
                 Memories
                 daily
                 imploy'd
                 with
                 continual
                 Exercise
                 ,
                 they
                 exactly
                 read
                 and
                 understand
                 every
                 thing
                 coucht
                 within
                 the
                 Hieroglyphicks
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Ethiopian
                 Laws
                 differ
                 very
                 much
                 from
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
                 especially
                 
                 those
                 which
                 concern
                 the
                 Election
                 of
                 their
                 Kings
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 pick
                 out
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 their
                 Priests
                 out
                 of
                 every
                 Rank
                 and
                 Order
                 ,
                 and
                 whomsoever
                 of
                 those
                 so
                 chosen
                 ,
                 their
                 Revelling
                 God
                 (
                 which
                 they
                 carry
                 about
                 according
                 to
                 Custom
                 )
                 does
                 first
                 lay
                 hold
                 on
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 they
                 make
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 fall
                 down
                 upon
                 their
                 Knees
                 ,
                 and
                 worship
                 as
                 a
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 render
                 him
                 other
                 Honours
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 to
                 whom
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 is
                 committed
                 by
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 .
              
               
                 Being
                 so
                 elected
                 ,
                 he
                 orders
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 according
                 as
                 the
                 Law
                 has
                 
                 prescrib'd
                 ;
                 and
                 governing
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 respects
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Customs
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ;
                 he
                 neither
                 confers
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 nor
                 inflicts
                 Punishments
                 upon
                 any
                 ,
                 but
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 ancient
                 Laws
                 ratify'd
                 and
                 approv'd
                 by
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 from
                 the
                 beginning
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 a
                 Law
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 That
                 no
                 Subject
                 shall
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 nor
                 Condemn'd
                 to
                 Dye
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 be
                 never
                 so
                 guilty
                 :
                 But
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 †
                 Lictors
                 is
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Criminal
                 ,
                 bearing
                 before
                 him
                 the
                 Badge
                 or
                 Sign
                 of
                 Death
                 ;
                 upon
                 sight
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Party
                 goes
                 Home
                 ,
                 and
                 kills
                 himself
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 not
                 lawful
                 to
                 change
                 his
                 Punishment
                 by
                 wilful
                 Banishment
                 ,
                 and
                 flying
                 into
                 other
                 Countries
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 Custom
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 they
                 report
                 ,
                 that
                 one
                 once
                 preparing
                 to
                 fly
                 out
                 of
                 Ethiopia
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Sign
                 of
                 Death
                 was
                 sent
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Mother
                 discerning
                 his
                 Design
                 ,
                 fastned
                 her
                 Garter
                 about
                 his
                 Neck
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 never
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 lifted
                 up
                 his
                 Hands
                 to
                 hinder
                 her
                 ,
                 but
                 underwent
                 all
                 till
                 he
                 was
                 strangl'd
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 lest
                 he
                 should
                 leave
                 behind
                 him
                 a
                 Blot
                 and
                 Stain
                 upon
                 his
                 Kindred
                 and
                 Family
                 .
                 And
                 above
                 all
                 ,
                 that
                 Custom
                 is
                 most
                 strange
                 ,
                 which
                 relates
                 to
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ;
                 for
                 those
                 Priests
                 that
                 are
                 imploy'd
                 in
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 at
                 Meroe
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 here
                 of
                 greatest
                 Authority
                 ,
                 whensoever
                 they
                 please
                 ,
                 they
                 send
                 a
                 Messenger
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 commanding
                 him
                 to
                 put
                 himself
                 to
                 death
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 such
                 is
                 the
                 pleasure
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 lawful
                 for
                 any
                 to
                 despise
                 the
                 Commands
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ;
                 adding
                 also
                 other
                 Reasons
                 ,
                 which
                 a
                 plain
                 and
                 honest
                 Mind
                 ,
                 inur'd
                 to
                 an
                 ancient
                 and
                 constant
                 Custom
                 (
                 and
                 not
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 sufficient
                 Arguments
                 to
                 evince
                 the
                 unreasonableness
                 of
                 the
                 Commands
                 )
                 is
                 easily
                 induc'd
                 to
                 believe
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 so
                 in
                 former
                 Ages
                 ,
                 the
                 Kings
                 without
                 force
                 or
                 compulsion
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 but
                 meerly
                 bewitcht
                 by
                 a
                 fond
                 Superstition
                 ,
                 observ'd
                 the
                 Custom
                 ;
                 till
                 Ergamenes
                 a
                 King
                 of
                 Ethiopia
                 ,
                 who
                 reign'd
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Ptolomy
                 the
                 Second
                 (
                 bred
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Discipline
                 and
                 Philosophy
                 )
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 was
                 so
                 bold
                 as
                 to
                 reject
                 and
                 despise
                 such
                 Commands
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Prince
                 assuming
                 the
                 Spirit
                 and
                 Courage
                 becoming
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 marcht
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 (
                 very
                 difficult
                 of
                 access
                 )
                 where
                 stood
                 the
                 Golden
                 Temple
                 of
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 cut
                 the
                 Throats
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Priests
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 abolish'd
                 that
                 ancient
                 barbarous
                 Custom
                 ,
                 reform'd
                 what
                 appertain'd
                 to
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 in
                 such
                 manner
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 fit
                 .
                 There
                 is
                 moreover
                 a
                 strange
                 and
                 wonderful
                 Law
                 amongst
                 the
                 great
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Houshold
                 ,
                 which
                 continues
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 to
                 this
                 very
                 day
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 's
                 a
                 Custom
                 amongst
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 King
                 be
                 maim'd
                 or
                 debilitated
                 upon
                 any
                 occasion
                 in
                 any
                 Member
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 all
                 his
                 Houshold-Servants
                 do
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 to
                 themselves
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 hold
                 it
                 a
                 base
                 and
                 unworthy
                 thing
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 King
                 be
                 lame
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 Servants
                 to
                 attend
                 upon
                 him
                 with
                 whole
                 and
                 sound
                 Limbs
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 all
                 to
                 be
                 lame
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 he
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 it
                 's
                 a
                 thing
                 most
                 unworthy
                 of
                 true
                 and
                 firm
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 sympathize
                 and
                 bear
                 
                 a
                 share
                 both
                 in
                 Prosperity
                 and
                 Adversity
                 ,
                 in
                 Sorrow
                 and
                 Sadness
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 pains
                 and
                 deficiencies
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 moreover
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 's
                 a
                 Custom
                 for
                 the
                 King
                 's
                 Domestick
                 Servants
                 ,
                 to
                 put
                 themselves
                 to
                 Death
                 when
                 their
                 Kings
                 dye
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 Death
                 they
                 account
                 honourable
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 a
                 Testimony
                 of
                 their
                 sincere
                 love
                 to
                 their
                 Prince
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 it
                 's
                 no
                 easie
                 matter
                 for
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 to
                 assassinate
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Friends
                 ,
                 being
                 that
                 both
                 they
                 and
                 the
                 King
                 are
                 careful
                 and
                 solicitous
                 for
                 the
                 mutual
                 preservation
                 of
                 each
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 are
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 those
                 Ethiopians
                 that
                 inhabit
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Island
                 Meroes
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 Tracts
                 that
                 lye
                 next
                 unto
                 Egypt
                 .
                 But
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 other
                 Ethiopian
                 Nations
                 ,
                 whereof
                 some
                 dwell
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 
                 the
                 Islands
                 in
                 the
                 River
                 ;
                 others
                 border
                 upon
                 Arabia
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 are
                 seated
                 in
                 the
                 heart
                 of
                 Africa
                 .
                 The
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 these
                 ,
                 especially
                 those
                 in
                 and
                 about
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 are
                 Blacks
                 ,
                 flat
                 Fac'd
                 ,
                 of
                 curl'd
                 Hair
                 ,
                 exceeding
                 fierce
                 and
                 cruel
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 their
                 Manners
                 like
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 in
                 their
                 natural
                 Temper
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 their
                 study'd
                 and
                 contriv'd
                 pieces
                 of
                 wickedness
                 .
                 Their
                 whole
                 Bodies
                 are
                 filthy
                 and
                 nasty
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Nails
                 long
                 like
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 and
                 cruel
                 one
                 towards
                 another
                 .
                 They
                 have
                 a
                 shrill
                 Voice
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 are
                 never
                 taught
                 by
                 any
                 how
                 to
                 lead
                 a
                 more
                 civiliz'd
                 Course
                 of
                 Life
                 (
                 in
                 that
                 way
                 of
                 Education
                 as
                 others
                 are
                 )
                 they
                 mightily
                 differ
                 from
                 us
                 in
                 all
                 their
                 Manners
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 of
                 them
                 carry
                 Shields
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 raw
                 Hide
                 of
                 an
                 Ox
                 ,
                 and
                 short
                 Launces
                 :
                 Others
                 Darts
                 with
                 forkt
                 Points
                 ;
                 sometimes
                 they
                 use
                 Bows
                 of
                 Wood
                 *
                 Four
                 Cubits
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 discharge
                 their
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 by
                 forcing
                 the
                 Bow
                 with
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 their
                 Foot
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 their
                 Shafts
                 are
                 spent
                 ,
                 they
                 fall
                 on
                 with
                 †
                 Clubs
                 .
                 They
                 arm
                 likewise
                 their
                 Women
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 attain
                 to
                 such
                 an
                 Age
                 ;
                 many
                 of
                 whom
                 use
                 to
                 hang
                 a
                 Brass
                 Ring
                 at
                 their
                 Lips.
                 Some
                 of
                 them
                 never
                 wear
                 any
                 Cloaths
                 ,
                 but
                 go
                 naked
                 all
                 their
                 Lives
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 shelter
                 themselves
                 from
                 the
                 scorching
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 only
                 with
                 such
                 helps
                 and
                 defences
                 as
                 in
                 their
                 way
                 they
                 can
                 meet
                 withal
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 them
                 cut
                 off
                 Sheeps
                 Tails
                 ,
                 and
                 bind
                 them
                 about
                 their
                 Loyns
                 to
                 cover
                 their
                 Privities
                 :
                 Others
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 Beasts
                 Skins
                 for
                 this
                 purpose
                 .
                 Some
                 there
                 are
                 that
                 are
                 cloth'd
                 round
                 their
                 Loyns
                 with
                 Breeches
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 Hair
                 of
                 their
                 Heads
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Ground
                 is
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sheep
                 carry
                 no
                 Fleeces
                 .
              
               
                 Their
                 Meat
                 is
                 a
                 certain
                 Fruit
                 that
                 grows
                 about
                 the
                 Pools
                 and
                 Marishes
                 :
                 Some
                 pluck
                 off
                 the
                 tender
                 Branches
                 of
                 small
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 them
                 cover
                 themselves
                 from
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Southern
                 Sun.
                 Some
                 sow
                 Sesamus
                 and
                 Lotus
                 :
                 And
                 others
                 live
                 upon
                 certain
                 tender
                 Roots
                 of
                 Canes
                 .
                 And
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 are
                 good
                 Archers
                 ,
                 maintain
                 themselves
                 with
                 abundance
                 of
                 Fowl
                 they
                 kill
                 .
                 But
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 live
                 upon
                 Flesh
                 ,
                 Milk
                 and
                 Cheese
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 inhabit
                 the
                 Parts
                 above
                 Meroes
                 ,
                 have
                 Two
                 Opinions
                 concerning
                 the
                 Gods.
                 
              
               
                 Some
                 of
                 them
                 say
                 they
                 are
                 eternal
                 and
                 incorruptible
                 :
                 Amongst
                 which
                 ,
                 they
                 
                 reckon
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 Moon
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 intire
                 Universe
                 .
                 Others
                 they
                 conceive
                 were
                 at
                 first
                 Mortal
                 Men
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 their
                 Virtue
                 and
                 their
                 Benefits
                 procur'd
                 to
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 purchas'd
                 immortal
                 Honour
                 .
                 They
                 especially
                 worship
                 
                   Isis
                   ,
                   Pan
                   ,
                   Hercules
                
                 and
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 account
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 greatest
                 Benefactors
                 to
                 Mankind
                 .
                 But
                 some
                 few
                 of
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 are
                 of
                 opinion
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 no
                 Gods
                 at
                 all
                 :
                 And
                 these
                 fly
                 to
                 the
                 Marishes
                 from
                 the
                 Sun
                 when
                 it
                 rises
                 ,
                 as
                 from
                 an
                 implacable
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 have
                 Laws
                 likewise
                 different
                 from
                 all
                 other
                 Nations
                 about
                 their
                 Funerals
                 .
                 Some
                 throw
                 their
                 Dead
                 into
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 as
                 looking
                 upon
                 that
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 best
                 sort
                 
                 of
                 Burial
                 .
                 Others
                 by
                 pouring
                 upon
                 them
                 melted
                 Glass
                 ,
                 keep
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 Houses
                 ;
                 because
                 they
                 think
                 it
                 not
                 convenient
                 or
                 decent
                 that
                 their
                 Countenances
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 known
                 by
                 their
                 Kindred
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 forgotten
                 by
                 their
                 Posterity
                 .
                 Some
                 bury
                 them
                 in
                 Earthen
                 Coffins
                 ,
                 about
                 their
                 Temples
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 swear
                 by
                 their
                 Names
                 ,
                 is
                 counted
                 the
                 most
                 Sacred
                 Oath
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 are
                 most
                 Beautiful
                 some
                 of
                 of
                 them
                 chuse
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 King
                 ,
                 judging
                 that
                 Regal
                 Power
                 and
                 Beauty
                 are
                 always
                 the
                 Gifts
                 of
                 Fortune
                 .
                 Others
                 intrust
                 the
                 Royal
                 Power
                 in
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 industrious
                 Shepherds
                 ,
                 as
                 such
                 as
                 would
                 make
                 it
                 their
                 business
                 to
                 take
                 most
                 care
                 for
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 their
                 Subjects
                 .
                 Others
                 bestow
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 upon
                 those
                 that
                 
                 are
                 richest
                 ,
                 judging
                 such
                 only
                 most
                 able
                 by
                 their
                 Riches
                 ,
                 to
                 supply
                 the
                 wants
                 of
                 their
                 People
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 others
                 that
                 are
                 for
                 the
                 advancing
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Throne
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 most
                 approv'd
                 for
                 their
                 Valour
                 ;
                 because
                 they
                 judge
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 Conquerors
                 to
                 be
                 most
                 worthy
                 of
                 Honour
                 .
              
               
               
                 That
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 in
                 Lybia
                 that
                 borders
                 upon
                 Nile
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 pleasant
                 
                 and
                 richest
                 for
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Provision
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Morasses
                 afford
                 the
                 most
                 advantagious
                 shelters
                 against
                 the
                 parching
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 and
                 Africans
                 quarrel
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 at
                 continual
                 Wars
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 for
                 the
                 possession
                 of
                 that
                 Place
                 .
                 Herds
                 likewise
                 of
                 Elephants
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 higher
                 Lybia
                 (
                 as
                 some
                 write
                 )
                 come
                 down
                 into
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 abundance
                 of
                 Pasture
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 sweetness
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 are
                 wonderful
                 Morasses
                 ,
                 abounding
                 in
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Food
                 all
                 along
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 and
                 here
                 they
                 are
                 held
                 by
                 the
                 Mouth
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 taste
                 the
                 sweetness
                 of
                 those
                 Reeds
                 and
                 Canes
                 that
                 grow
                 here
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 eat
                 up
                 the
                 Food
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 People
                 are
                 forc'd
                 to
                 resort
                 to
                 these
                 Places
                 for
                 Relief
                 (
                 being
                 Shepherds
                 and
                 living
                 in
                 Tents
                 )
                 making
                 that
                 their
                 Country
                 where
                 they
                 can
                 find
                 the
                 most
                 Plenty
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Herds
                 of
                 Elephants
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 before
                 hinted
                 ,
                 leave
                 the
                 upper
                 Parts
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Pasture
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 presently
                 burnt
                 up
                 there
                 by
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun.
                 For
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 scorching
                 Heat
                 ,
                 and
                 want
                 both
                 of
                 Spring
                 and
                 River-water
                 ,
                 the
                 Grass
                 is
                 parcht
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 none
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 write
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Deserts
                 and
                 other
                 wild
                 Places
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 call'd
                 )
                 are
                 bred
                 a
                 World
                 of
                 Serpents
                 of
                 a
                 wonderful
                 bigness
                 .
                 These
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 with
                 great
                 fury
                 and
                 violence
                 ,
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Elephants
                 at
                 the
                 brink
                 of
                 the
                 Waters
                 ,
                 clasping
                 themselves
                 in
                 many
                 Circles
                 round
                 their
                 Thighs
                 ,
                 and
                 sticking
                 fast
                 there
                 so
                 long
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 Beasts
                 (
                 tir'd
                 out
                 by
                 their
                 great
                 and
                 weighty
                 bulk
                 )
                 fall
                 down
                 in
                 a
                 foaming
                 Sweat
                 to
                 the
                 ground
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 others
                 in
                 multitudes
                 coming
                 in
                 ,
                 they
                 presently
                 devour
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 with
                 ease
                 ;
                 the
                 poor
                 Creatures
                 being
                 so
                 unweldy
                 ,
                 as
                 scarce
                 able
                 to
                 move
                 themselves
                 .
                 If
                 for
                 some
                 Reason
                 or
                 other
                 ,
                 they
                 succeed
                 not
                 in
                 their
                 Attempt
                 ,
                 (
                 out
                 of
                 eagerness
                 to
                 their
                 natural
                 Food
                 )
                 they
                 pursue
                 not
                 the
                 Elephants
                 to
                 the
                 Rivers
                 Bank
                 before
                 mentioned
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 say
                 these
                 vast
                 Serpents
                 avoid
                 all
                 they
                 can
                 the
                 open
                 Fields
                 ,
                 and
                 abide
                 about
                 the
                 Feet
                 and
                 hollows
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 in
                 deep
                 Holes
                 and
                 Caves
                 :
                 And
                 hence
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 leave
                 not
                 those
                 Places
                 so
                 fit
                 for
                 their
                 shelter
                 and
                 defence
                 ,
                 Nature
                 teaching
                 every
                 Creature
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 most
                 helpful
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 avoid
                 what
                 is
                 hurtful
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 thus
                 much
                 we
                 have
                 thought
                 fit
                 to
                 say
                 of
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 and
                 their
                 Country
                 :
                 And
                 now
                 something
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 said
                 of
                 the
                 Historians
                 :
                 For
                 many
                 have
                 written
                 such
                 things
                 concerning
                 Egypt
                 and
                 Ethiopia
                 ,
                 as
                 deserve
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 credit
                 ,
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 the
                 Authors
                 were
                 either
                 too
                 easie
                 to
                 believe
                 Lies
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 in
                 sport
                 and
                 for
                 diversion
                 invented
                 them
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Agatharchides
                 of
                 Cnidus
                 in
                 his
                 Second
                 Book
                 of
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 
                   Asia
                   ,
                   Artemidorus
                
                 the
                 Ephesian
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Eighth
                 Book
                 of
                 Geography
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 that
                 were
                 natural
                 Egyptians
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 written
                 Histories
                 of
                 the
                 things
                 herein
                 before
                 by
                 us
                 related
                 ,
                 have
                 in
                 their
                 Writings
                 nearly
                 pursu'd
                 the
                 Truth
                 .
                 And
                 I
                 my self
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 my
                 Travelling
                 and
                 Sojourning
                 in
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 associated
                 with
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Priests
                 ,
                 and
                 conferr'd
                 with
                 many
                 Ambassadors
                 and
                 others
                 sent
                 out
                 of
                 Ethiopia
                 ,
                 whence
                 having
                 exactly
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 every
                 thing
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 likewise
                 examin'd
                 the
                 several
                 Relations
                 of
                 the
                 Historians
                 ,
                 have
                 fram'd
                 and
                 moulded
                 my
                 History
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 suit
                 with
                 those
                 things
                 wherein
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 did
                 agree
                 and
                 consent
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 this
                 shall
                 suffice
                 to
                 be
                 said
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Western
                   Ethiopians
                
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 shall
                 now
                 speak
                 a
                 little
                 of
                 those
                 inhabiting
                 the
                 Southern
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 towards
                 the
                 
                   Red
                   Sea.
                
                 But
                 it
                 's
                 fit
                 first
                 that
                 we
                 say
                 something
                 of
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 Gold
                 in
                 these
                 Parts
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Confines
                 of
                 Egypt
                 and
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Countries
                 of
                 Arabia
                 and
                 Ethiopia
                 
                 there
                 's
                 a
                 Place
                 full
                 of
                 rich
                 Gold-mines
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 with
                 much
                 Cost
                 and
                 Pains
                 of
                 many
                 Labourers
                 Gold
                 is
                 dug
                 .
                 The
                 Soyl
                 here
                 naturally
                 is
                 black
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 run
                 many
                 white
                 Veins
                 ,
                 shining
                 with
                 white
                 Marble
                 ,
                 and
                 glistering
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 other
                 bright
                 Metals
                 ;
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 labourious
                 Mines
                 ,
                 those
                 appointed
                 Overseers
                 cause
                 the
                 Gold
                 to
                 be
                 dug
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 labour
                 of
                 a
                 vast
                 Multitude
                 of
                 People
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Egypt
                 condemn
                 to
                 these
                 Mines
                 ,
                 notorious
                 Criminals
                 ,
                 Captives
                 taken
                 in
                 War
                 ,
                 Persons
                 sometimes
                 falsly
                 accus'd
                 ,
                 or
                 such
                 against
                 whom
                 the
                 King
                 is
                 incens'd
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 not
                 only
                 they
                 themselves
                 ,
                 but
                 sometimes
                 all
                 their
                 Kindred
                 and
                 Relations
                 together
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 are
                 sent
                 to
                 work
                 here
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 punish
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 Labour
                 to
                 advance
                 the
                 Profit
                 and
                 Gain
                 of
                 the
                 King.
                 There
                 are
                 infinite
                 numbers
                 upon
                 these
                 Accounts
                 thrust
                 down
                 into
                 these
                 Mines
                 ,
                 all
                 bound
                 
                 in
                 Fetters
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 work
                 continually
                 ,
                 without
                 being
                 admitted
                 any
                 rest
                 Night
                 or
                 Day
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 strictly
                 guarded
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 possibility
                 or
                 way
                 left
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 escape
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 set
                 over
                 them
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 Souldiers
                 of
                 various
                 and
                 strange
                 Languages
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 's
                 not
                 possible
                 to
                 corrupt
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Guard
                 ,
                 by
                 discoursing
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 the
                 gaining
                 Insinuations
                 of
                 a
                 familiar
                 Converse
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Earth
                 which
                 is
                 hardest
                 and
                 full
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 they
                 soften
                 by
                 putting
                 Fire
                 under
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 work
                 it
                 out
                 with
                 their
                 Hands
                 :
                 The
                 Rocks
                 thus
                 softn'd
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 more
                 pliant
                 and
                 yielding
                 ,
                 several
                 Thousands
                 of
                 profligat
                 Wretches
                 break
                 it
                 in
                 pieces
                 with
                 Hammers
                 and
                 Pickaxes
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 one
                 Artist
                 that
                 is
                 the
                 Overseer
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Work
                 ,
                 who
                 marks
                 out
                 the
                 Stone
                 ,
                 and
                 shews
                 the
                 Labourers
                 the
                 way
                 and
                 manner
                 how
                 he
                 would
                 have
                 it
                 done
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 are
                 the
                 Strongest
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 appointed
                 to
                 this
                 Slavery
                 ,
                 provided
                 with
                 sharp
                 Iron
                 Pickaxes
                 ,
                 cleave
                 the
                 Marble-shining
                 Rock
                 by
                 meer
                 Force
                 and
                 Strength
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 by
                 Art
                 or
                 Slight
                 of
                 Hand
                 .
                 They
                 undermine
                 not
                 the
                 Rock
                 in
                 a
                 direct
                 Line
                 ,
                 but
                 follow
                 the
                 bright
                 shining
                 Vein
                 of
                 the
                 Mine
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 carry
                 Lamps
                 fastn'd
                 to
                 their
                 Forheads
                 to
                 give
                 them
                 Light
                 ,
                 being
                 otherways
                 in
                 perfect
                 Darkness
                 in
                 the
                 various
                 windings
                 and
                 turnings
                 wrought
                 in
                 the
                 Mine
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 their
                 Bodies
                 appearing
                 sometimes
                 of
                 one
                 Colour
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 of
                 another
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Mine
                 where
                 they
                 work
                 )
                 they
                 throw
                 the
                 Lumps
                 and
                 Pieces
                 of
                 the
                 Stone
                 cut
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 upon
                 the
                 Floor
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 they
                 are
                 imploy'd
                 continually
                 without
                 intermission
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 nod
                 of
                 the
                 Overseer
                 or
                 Tax-master
                 ,
                 who
                 lashes
                 them
                 severely
                 besides
                 .
                 And
                 there
                 are
                 little
                 Boys
                 that
                 attend
                 upon
                 the
                 Labourers
                 in
                 the
                 Mine
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 great
                 labour
                 and
                 toyl
                 gather
                 up
                 the
                 Lumps
                 and
                 Pieces
                 hew'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 cast
                 upon
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 carry
                 them
                 forth
                 and
                 lay
                 them
                 upon
                 the
                 Bank.
                 Those
                 that
                 are
                 about
                 Thirty
                 Years
                 of
                 Age
                 take
                 a
                 Piece
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 certain
                 quantity
                 ,
                 and
                 pound
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 Stone
                 Mortar
                 with
                 Iron
                 Pestels
                 till
                 it
                 be
                 as
                 small
                 as
                 a
                 Vetch
                 ,
                 then
                 those
                 little
                 Stones
                 so
                 pounded
                 are
                 taken
                 from
                 them
                 by
                 Women
                 and
                 older
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 cast
                 them
                 into
                 Mills
                 that
                 stand
                 together
                 there
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 in
                 a
                 long
                 Row
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 or
                 Three
                 of
                 them
                 being
                 imploy'd
                 at
                 one
                 Mill
                 ,
                 they
                 grind
                 it
                 so
                 long
                 till
                 it
                 be
                 as
                 small
                 as
                 fine
                 Meal
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 pattern
                 given
                 them
                 .
                 No
                 care
                 at
                 all
                 is
                 taken
                 of
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 these
                 poor
                 Creatures
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 not
                 a
                 Rag
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 to
                 cover
                 their
                 Nakedness
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 Man
                 that
                 sees
                 them
                 can
                 chuse
                 but
                 must
                 commiserate
                 their
                 sad
                 and
                 deplorable
                 Condition
                 .
                 For
                 tho
                 they
                 are
                 Sick
                 ,
                 Maim'd
                 or
                 Lame
                 ,
                 no
                 rest
                 no
                 intermission
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 is
                 allow'd
                 them
                 :
                 Neither
                 the
                 weakness
                 of
                 Old
                 age
                 ,
                 nor
                 Womens
                 Infirmities
                 are
                 any
                 plea
                 to
                 excuse
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 all
                 are
                 driven
                 to
                 their
                 work
                 with
                 Blows
                 and
                 Cudgelling
                 ,
                 till
                 at
                 length
                 overborn
                 with
                 the
                 intollerable
                 weight
                 of
                 their
                 misery
                 ,
                 they
                 drop
                 down
                 dead
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 their
                 insufferable
                 Labours
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 these
                 miserable
                 Creatures
                 always
                 expect
                 worse
                 to
                 come
                 than
                 that
                 which
                 they
                 then
                 at
                 present
                 indure
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 therefore
                 long
                 for
                 Death
                 as
                 far
                 more
                 desirable
                 than
                 Life
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 Masters
                 of
                 the
                 Work
                 take
                 Stone
                 thus
                 ground
                 to
                 Powder
                 ,
                 and
                 carry
                 it
                 away
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 perfecting
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 They
                 spread
                 the
                 Mineral
                 so
                 ground
                 upon
                 a
                 broad
                 Board
                 somewhat
                 hollow
                 and
                 lying
                 shelving
                 ,
                 and
                 pouring
                 Water
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 rub
                 it
                 and
                 cleanse
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 all
                 the
                 Earthy
                 and
                 Drossy
                 part
                 being
                 separated
                 from
                 the
                 rest
                 by
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 it
                 runs
                 off
                 the
                 Board
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Gold
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 its
                 weight
                 remains
                 behind
                 .
                 Then
                 washing
                 it
                 several
                 times
                 again
                 ,
                 they
                 first
                 rub
                 it
                 lightly
                 with
                 their
                 Hands
                 ;
                 afterwards
                 they
                 draw
                 up
                 the
                 Earthy
                 and
                 Drossy
                 Matter
                 with
                 slender
                 Spunges
                 gently
                 apply'd
                 to
                 the
                 Pouder'd
                 Dust
                 ,
                 till
                 it
                 be
                 clean
                 pure
                 Gold.
                 At
                 last
                 other
                 Workmen
                 take
                 it
                 away
                 by
                 Weight
                 and
                 Measure
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 put
                 it
                 into
                 Earthen
                 Urns
                 ,
                 and
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 quantity
                 of
                 the
                 Gold
                 in
                 every
                 Urn
                 ,
                 they
                 mix
                 with
                 it
                 some
                 Lead
                 ,
                 Grains
                 of
                 Salt
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 Tin
                 and
                 Barley
                 Bran.
                 Then
                 covering
                 every
                 Pot
                 close
                 ,
                 and
                 carefully
                 dawbing
                 them
                 over
                 with
                 Clay
                 ,
                 they
                 put
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 Furnace
                 where
                 they
                 abide
                 Five
                 Days
                 and
                 Nights
                 together
                 ;
                 then
                 after
                 a
                 convenient
                 time
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 stood
                 to
                 cool
                 ,
                 nothing
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 matter
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 Pots
                 but
                 only
                 pure
                 refin'd
                 Gold
                 ,
                 some
                 little
                 thing
                 diminish'd
                 in
                 the
                 weight
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 thus
                 is
                 Gold
                 prepar'd
                 in
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 and
                 perfected
                 and
                 compleated
                 with
                 so
                 many
                 and
                 so
                 great
                 toyls
                 and
                 Vexations
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 I
                 cannot
                 but
                 conclude
                 that
                 Nature
                 itself
                 teaches
                 us
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 Gold
                 is
                 got
                 with
                 Labour
                 and
                 Toyl
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 s
                 kept
                 with
                 difficulty
                 ;
                 creates
                 every
                 where
                 the
                 greatest
                 cares
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 it
                 mixt
                 both
                 with
                 Pleasure
                 and
                 Sorrow
                 .
              
               
               
                 Yet
                 the
                 invention
                 of
                 those
                 Metals
                 is
                 very
                 ancient
                 ,
                 being
                 found
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 by
                 the
                 ancient
                 Kings
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 we
                 shall
                 treat
                 of
                 those
                 Nations
                 that
                 lye
                 scatter'd
                 among
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 the
                 †
                 
                   Red
                   Sea
                
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 Troglodyta
                 and
                 the
                 Southern
                 parts
                 of
                 Ethiopia
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 First
                 we
                 shall
                 speak
                 of
                 the
                 Ichthyophages
                 who
                 inhabit
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 all
                 along
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 from
                 Carmania
                 and
                 Gedrosia
                 to
                 the
                 uttermost
                 point
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Red
                   Sea
                
                 ,
                 which
                 runs
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Land
                 an
                 incredible
                 long
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 entrance
                 into
                 it
                 lyes
                 bounded
                 on
                 one
                 side
                 with
                 Arabia
                 the
                 Happy
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Troglodites
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 go
                 stark
                 naked
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 are
                 as
                 common
                 among
                 them
                 as
                 their
                 Flocks
                 and
                 Herds
                 .
                 They
                 know
                 nothing
                 either
                 of
                 Pleasure
                 or
                 Sorrow
                 but
                 what
                 is
                 natural
                 ,
                 like
                 Bruit
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 no
                 apprehension
                 either
                 of
                 Good
                 or
                 Evil.
                 They
                 inhabit
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 the
                 very
                 brink
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 Shore
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 are
                 not
                 only
                 deep
                 Caves
                 ,
                 but
                 Craggy
                 Cliffs
                 ,
                 and
                 strait
                 and
                 narrow
                 Valleys
                 divided
                 naturally
                 into
                 many
                 crooked
                 Windings
                 and
                 Turnings
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 nature
                 useful
                 to
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 they
                 make
                 up
                 the
                 passages
                 both
                 in
                 and
                 out
                 with
                 heaps
                 of
                 great
                 Stones
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 those
                 Places
                 instead
                 of
                 Nets
                 to
                 catch
                 their
                 Fish
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 Tide
                 comes
                 in
                 and
                 overflows
                 the
                 Coasts
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 does
                 twice
                 every
                 Day
                 about
                 the
                 Third
                 and
                 Ninth
                 Hour
                 )
                 and
                 the
                 Sea
                 covers
                 the
                 Strand
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Brinks
                 of
                 the
                 Banks
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Tide
                 it
                 brings
                 in
                 a
                 Vast
                 number
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fish
                 within
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 are
                 kept
                 within
                 those
                 parts
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 but
                 afterwards
                 for
                 Food
                 disperse
                 themselves
                 about
                 those
                 hollow
                 Caverns
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 the
                 Tide
                 ebbs
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Water
                 by
                 degrees
                 leaves
                 the
                 hollows
                 ,
                 and
                 reflows
                 through
                 those
                 heaps
                 of
                 Stones
                 ,
                 the
                 Fish
                 within
                 those
                 Caverns
                 are
                 left
                 destitute
                 of
                 Water
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 all
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 (
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 rouz'd
                 up
                 by
                 one
                 general
                 shout
                 )
                 with
                 their
                 Wives
                 
                 and
                 Children
                 Flock
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 .
                 Yet
                 they
                 divide
                 themselves
                 into
                 several
                 Companies
                 ,
                 and
                 each
                 run
                 with
                 an
                 hideous
                 shout
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Places
                 as
                 if
                 a
                 Prey
                 were
                 suddenly
                 and
                 unexpectedly
                 presented
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 gather
                 the
                 little
                 Fish
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 shore
                 ;
                 and
                 throw
                 them
                 upon
                 the
                 dry
                 Land
                 ,
                 as
                 fast
                 as
                 they
                 can
                 gather
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 able
                 people
                 busie
                 themselves
                 in
                 catching
                 the
                 great
                 and
                 strong
                 Fish
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Sea
                 not
                 only
                 casts
                 up
                 the
                 huge
                 Lobsters
                 ,
                 Lampreys
                 and
                 Dog-Fish
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 the
                 Sea
                 Calves
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 such
                 like
                 both
                 of
                 strange
                 names
                 and
                 shape
                 .
                 They
                 Master
                 not
                 these
                 Creatures
                 with
                 Arms
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 Artist
                 ,
                 but
                 strike
                 'em
                 through
                 with
                 the
                 sharp
                 Goats
                 Horns
                 ,
                 and
                 wound
                 and
                 cut
                 them
                 with
                 rough
                 Stones
                 broken
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 Rock
                 .
                 For
                 Necessity
                 in
                 every
                 thing
                 instructs
                 Nature
                 what
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 and
                 readily
                 complies
                 with
                 that
                 which
                 seems
                 most
                 useful
                 and
                 advantagious
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 exigency
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 they
                 have
                 got
                 their
                 number
                 in
                 heaps
                 together
                 ,
                 they
                 carry
                 away
                 their
                 Booty
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 all
                 they
                 have
                 caught
                 into
                 Stone
                 Pots
                 turn'd
                 towards
                 the
                 South
                 :
                 the
                 Fish
                 being
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 even
                 by
                 Fire
                 ,
                 Fry'd
                 by
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 after
                 a
                 small
                 time
                 they
                 turn
                 them
                 upon
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 then
                 they
                 take
                 'em
                 by
                 the
                 Tails
                 and
                 shake
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Flesh
                 thus
                 scalded
                 and
                 softned
                 by
                 the
                 Sun
                 falls
                 off
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Bones
                 they
                 heap
                 together
                 in
                 one
                 place
                 ;
                 and
                 keep
                 'em
                 for
                 their
                 use
                 as
                 shall
                 be
                 hereafter
                 related
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 boil
                 their
                 Flesh
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 Stone
                 Pot
                 for
                 a
                 certain
                 time
                 ,
                 mixing
                 with
                 them
                 the
                 seed
                 of
                 a
                 Fruit
                 call'd
                 *
                 Paliurus
                 .
                 By
                 working
                 of
                 this
                 together
                 it
                 becomes
                 a
                 Lump
                 of
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 colour
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 seems
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 a
                 Sauce
                 to
                 their
                 Meat
                 .
                 At
                 last
                 this
                 that
                 is
                 thus
                 brought
                 into
                 a
                 Body
                 ,
                 they
                 spread
                 upon
                 long
                 Tiles
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 it
                 forth
                 to
                 dry
                 in
                 the
                 Sun
                 ;
                 which
                 after
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 dry'd
                 a
                 little
                 (
                 lying
                 down
                 together
                 )
                 they
                 merrily
                 feed
                 upon
                 ,
                 and
                 eat
                 not
                 according
                 to
                 Weight
                 and
                 Measure
                 but
                 as
                 every
                 one
                 thinks
                 fit
                 ,
                 making
                 their
                 natural
                 Appetite
                 the
                 measure
                 of
                 their
                 Repast
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 have
                 always
                 enough
                 of
                 this
                 store
                 to
                 resort
                 unto
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 Neptune
                 perform'd
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Ceres
                 .
                 Yet
                 sometimes
                 the
                 Sea
                 rises
                 so
                 high
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Shoars
                 are
                 overflow'd
                 for
                 many
                 Days
                 together
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 none
                 dare
                 attempt
                 to
                 come
                 near
                 ;
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 therefore
                 (
                 wanting
                 food
                 )
                 they
                 first
                 gather
                 Shell-fish
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 vast
                 magnitude
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 weigh
                 Four
                 Minas
                 .
                 These
                 they
                 break
                 in
                 Pieces
                 with
                 huge
                 great
                 Stones
                 ,
                 and
                 eagerly
                 guttle
                 up
                 the
                 raw
                 Fish
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 in
                 Taste
                 much
                 like
                 †
                 Oysters
                 .
              
               
                 If
                 by
                 Storms
                 and
                 Winds
                 the
                 Sea
                 continues
                 long
                 in
                 a
                 high
                 Tide
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 hindred
                 from
                 taking
                 of
                 Fish
                 by
                 Tempestuous
                 Weather
                 ,
                 they
                 first
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 said
                 before
                 )
                 betake
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Shell-fish
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 these
                 fail
                 ,
                 they
                 run
                 to
                 the
                 heaps
                 of
                 Bones
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 among
                 them
                 pick
                 out
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 fresh
                 and
                 moist
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 divide
                 'em
                 one
                 joint
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 they
                 presently
                 grash
                 in
                 Pieces
                 with
                 their
                 Teeth
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 that
                 are
                 more
                 hard
                 they
                 bruise
                 with
                 Stones
                 and
                 Feed
                 upon
                 them
                 like
                 so
                 many
                 Beasts
                 in
                 their
                 Dens
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 they
                 provide
                 dry
                 Food
                 for
                 themselves
                 :
                 And
                 as
                 to
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 moist
                 and
                 juicy
                 ,
                 their
                 use
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 wonderful
                 and
                 past
                 belief
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 Fish
                 continually
                 for
                 Four
                 Days
                 successively
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 eating
                 merrily
                 together
                 in
                 great
                 Flocks
                 and
                 Companies
                 ,
                 congratulating
                 one
                 another
                 with
                 harsh
                 and
                 untuneable
                 Songs
                 without
                 any
                 Melodious
                 Harmony
                 :
                 Then
                 they
                 fall
                 promiscuously
                 ,
                 as
                 every
                 Man's
                 Lot
                 chances
                 to
                 company
                 with
                 their
                 Women
                 ,
                 for
                 procreation
                 sake
                 ;
                 minding
                 no
                 business
                 ,
                 nor
                 taking
                 any
                 care
                 for
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 having
                 so
                 much
                 plenty
                 ready
                 at
                 hand
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Fifth
                 Day
                 ,
                 they
                 
                 go
                 in
                 Droves
                 to
                 get
                 Drink
                 ,
                 to
                 those
                 Tracts
                 lying
                 under
                 the
                 Feet
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 where
                 are
                 many
                 Springs
                 of
                 Sweet
                 Water
                 ,
                 whither
                 likewise
                 the
                 *
                 Shepherds
                 drive
                 their
                 Flocks
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 purpose
                 .
                 Neither
                 do
                 they
                 differ
                 much
                 from
                 Herds
                 of
                 Cattel
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 go
                 making
                 a
                 horrid
                 noise
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 articulate
                 Voice
                 :
                 In
                 this
                 Procession
                 the
                 Mothers
                 carry
                 their
                 sucking
                 Children
                 continually
                 in
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Fathers
                 after
                 they
                 are
                 weaned
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 they
                 are
                 Five
                 Years
                 old
                 ,
                 they
                 run
                 before
                 their
                 Parents
                 very
                 jocant
                 and
                 playful
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 going
                 to
                 some
                 delightful
                 and
                 pleasant
                 Recreation
                 .
                 For
                 not
                 being
                 of
                 a
                 froward
                 and
                 discontented
                 Temper
                 ,
                 they
                 place
                 their
                 chiefest
                 good
                 in
                 having
                 sufficient
                 to
                 supply
                 their
                 necessities
                 ,
                 never
                 seeking
                 any
                 further
                 addition
                 to
                 their
                 happiness
                 in
                 gaining
                 more
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Shepherds
                 watering
                 Places
                 ,
                 they
                 gorge
                 themselves
                 with
                 Water
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 return
                 ,
                 they
                 can
                 scarce
                 go
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 heavy
                 and
                 unweldy
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 that
                 Day
                 they
                 eat
                 nothing
                 ,
                 but
                 every
                 one
                 lies
                 groveling
                 upon
                 the
                 Ground
                 like
                 a
                 Drunken
                 Man
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Bellies
                 almost
                 burst
                 ,
                 and
                 scarce
                 able
                 to
                 breath
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 next
                 Day
                 they
                 fall
                 a
                 feeding
                 upon
                 their
                 Fish
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 course
                 and
                 round
                 they
                 run
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 of
                 feeding
                 all
                 the
                 days
                 of
                 their
                 Lives
                 .
                 But
                 those
                 People
                 who
                 live
                 thus
                 within
                 the
                 strait
                 narrow
                 Caves
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Sea-shoar
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 plainness
                 and
                 meanness
                 of
                 their
                 Diet
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 are
                 scarce
                 ever
                 Sick
                 ,
                 yet
                 are
                 far
                 shorter
                 liv'd
                 than
                 our
                 own
                 Countreymen
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 those
                 other
                 that
                 live
                 further
                 beyond
                 the
                 Gulf
                 ,
                 their
                 way
                 of
                 Living
                 is
                 
                 much
                 more
                 strange
                 ,
                 who
                 naturally
                 never
                 covet
                 any
                 Drink
                 ,
                 nor
                 are
                 affected
                 with
                 any
                 Passion
                 :
                 For
                 their
                 Lot
                 falling
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 Deserts
                 ,
                 in
                 Places
                 unfit
                 for
                 Humane
                 Habitation
                 ,
                 they
                 feed
                 plentifully
                 ,
                 by
                 catching
                 of
                 Fish
                 ,
                 but
                 matter
                 not
                 any
                 other
                 Food
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 eat
                 their
                 Fish
                 slaby
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 raw
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 coveting
                 Drink
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 know
                 not
                 what
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 drink
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 therefore
                 contented
                 with
                 what
                 Providence
                 has
                 provided
                 for
                 them
                 ;
                 accounting
                 themselves
                 happy
                 in
                 this
                 respect
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 affected
                 with
                 that
                 troublesom
                 Passion
                 ,
                 the
                 sense
                 of
                 want
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 most
                 to
                 be
                 admir'd
                 ,
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 so
                 far
                 exceed
                 all
                 other
                 Men
                 in
                 freedom
                 from
                 boysterous
                 Passions
                 ,
                 that
                 what
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 relate
                 is
                 scarce
                 credible
                 .
                 But
                 many
                 Egyptian
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 their
                 Voyage
                 through
                 the
                 
                   Red
                   Sea
                
                 ,
                 have
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Ichthophages
                 ,
                 have
                 avow'd
                 it
                 to
                 me
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 certain
                 truth
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 mov'd
                 with
                 any
                 thing
                 .
                 And
                 Ptolemy
                 the
                 Third
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 desire
                 to
                 hunt
                 the
                 Elephants
                 that
                 were
                 bred
                 in
                 that
                 Country
                 ,
                 sent
                 Simia
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 to
                 view
                 the
                 Place
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 sufficient
                 Provision
                 for
                 his
                 Journey
                 ,
                 exactly
                 and
                 diligently
                 observ'd
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 those
                 Nations
                 lying
                 along
                 the
                 Sea-shoar
                 ,
                 as
                 Agatharchides
                 of
                 Cnidus
                 the
                 Historian
                 relates
                 .
                 Amongst
                 other
                 things
                 he
                 says
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 are
                 not
                 affected
                 with
                 any
                 disturbing
                 Passion
                 ;
                 that
                 they
                 never
                 use
                 to
                 drink
                 ,
                 nor
                 have
                 the
                 least
                 appetite
                 or
                 inclination
                 thereunto
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Reasons
                 before
                 mention'd
                 .
                 He
                 affirms
                 moreover
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 no
                 Converse
                 or
                 Discourse
                 with
                 any
                 Stranger
                 ,
                 nor
                 are
                 mov'd
                 or
                 concern'd
                 at
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 any
                 ,
                 but
                 fixing
                 their
                 Eyes
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 are
                 no
                 more
                 mov'd
                 or
                 affected
                 ,
                 than
                 as
                 if
                 no
                 Person
                 at
                 all
                 were
                 near
                 them
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 assaulted
                 (
                 he
                 says
                 )
                 with
                 drawn
                 Swords
                 they
                 'l
                 not
                 stir
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 they
                 are
                 hurt
                 and
                 wounded
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 provoked
                 .
                 Neither
                 are
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 at
                 all
                 concern'd
                 ,
                 when
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 are
                 hurt
                 or
                 injur'd
                 ;
                 but
                 many
                 times
                 when
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 are
                 kill'd
                 before
                 their
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 they
                 stand
                 insensible
                 as
                 if
                 nothing
                 of
                 prejudice
                 were
                 done
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 shewing
                 no
                 sign
                 either
                 of
                 Anger
                 or
                 Compassion
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 they
                 speak
                 not
                 a
                 word
                 ,
                 but
                 act
                 a
                 part
                 with
                 a
                 mimick
                 gesture
                 of
                 their
                 Hands
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 use
                 to
                 do
                 upon
                 such
                 an
                 occasion
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 most
                 of
                 all
                 to
                 be
                 admir'd
                 ,
                 the
                 †
                 Sea
                 Calves
                 (
                 which
                 are
                 very
                 familiar
                 with
                 them
                 )
                 like
                 Men
                 ,
                 help
                 them
                 
                 to
                 catch
                 Fish
                 .
                 These
                 different
                 and
                 distinct
                 People
                 are
                 yet
                 exceeding
                 Faithful
                 one
                 
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 in
                 securing
                 one
                 another's
                 Children
                 from
                 harm
                 and
                 prejudice
                 ,
                 and
                 preserving
                 their
                 several
                 Habitations
                 from
                 force
                 and
                 incroachment
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 they
                 are
                 of
                 different
                 Stocks
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 peaceably
                 and
                 affectionately
                 converse
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 without
                 offering
                 the
                 least
                 injury
                 on
                 either
                 side
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 though
                 this
                 way
                 of
                 Living
                 together
                 be
                 somewhat
                 strange
                 ,
                 yet
                 through
                 long
                 custom
                 ,
                 and
                 constant
                 use
                 and
                 practice
                 ,
                 or
                 because
                 they
                 find
                 it
                 necessary
                 and
                 conducing
                 to
                 their
                 mutual
                 advantage
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 still
                 continu'd
                 among
                 them
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Nations
                 inhabit
                 not
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 Ichthiophages
                 ,
                 but
                 have
                 divers
                 sorts
                 of
                 Dwellings
                 according
                 as
                 their
                 several
                 Circumstances
                 fall
                 out
                 to
                 be
                 ;
                 some
                 live
                 in
                 Caves
                 lying
                 most
                 commonly
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 being
                 refresh'd
                 not
                 only
                 by
                 the
                 depth
                 of
                 the
                 Covert
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 cooling
                 Breezes
                 of
                 the
                 Northern
                 Air.
                 For
                 those
                 towards
                 the
                 South
                 scorch
                 like
                 a
                 Fiery
                 Furnace
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 violent
                 heat
                 no
                 Man
                 can
                 indure
                 them
                 .
                 Others
                 that
                 cannot
                 otherwise
                 furnish
                 themselves
                 with
                 Caves
                 that
                 lye
                 Northward
                 ,
                 gather
                 the
                 Ribs
                 of
                 Whales
                 (
                 which
                 the
                 Sea
                 casts
                 up
                 in
                 abundance
                 )
                 and
                 then
                 bending
                 them
                 ,
                 tye
                 'em
                 together
                 at
                 both
                 ends
                 ,
                 and
                 cover
                 them
                 with
                 Sea-grass
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 rest
                 under
                 those
                 ,
                 guarded
                 from
                 the
                 parching
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 the
                 Cover
                 of
                 a
                 shady
                 Arch
                 ;
                 which
                 Art
                 and
                 Contrivance
                 they
                 are
                 taught
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Necessities
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Third
                 sort
                 of
                 Lodgings
                 these
                 Ichthiophages
                 have
                 are
                 these
                 ;
                 about
                 those
                 Places
                 grow
                 abundance
                 of
                 Fir-trees
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 water'd
                 by
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 bear
                 very
                 thick
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 and
                 Fruit
                 like
                 unto
                 Chesnuts
                 :
                 The
                 Boughs
                 and
                 Leaves
                 of
                 these
                 Trees
                 ,
                 they
                 interlace
                 one
                 within
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 make
                 for
                 themselves
                 a
                 thick
                 and
                 close
                 Shade
                 ,
                 and
                 live
                 merry
                 and
                 jocund
                 Lives
                 ,
                 under
                 this
                 their
                 new
                 Canopy
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 Land
                 and
                 in
                 Water
                 at
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 being
                 hereby
                 guarded
                 from
                 the
                 Sun
                 by
                 the
                 shade
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 natural
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 being
                 mitigated
                 by
                 the
                 continual
                 Fluctuations
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Bodies
                 refresht
                 with
                 the
                 cooling
                 Air
                 of
                 some
                 Winds
                 that
                 blow
                 at
                 certain
                 Seasons
                 .
                 But
                 to
                 proceed
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Fourth
                 sort
                 of
                 Dwellings
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 this
                 place
                 there
                 has
                 been
                 from
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 Time
                 ,
                 a
                 vast
                 heap
                 of
                 Moss
                 ,
                 like
                 a
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 cast
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 so
                 firm
                 by
                 the
                 constant
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 s
                 become
                 solid
                 and
                 cemented
                 together
                 with
                 Sand.
                 In
                 this
                 they
                 dig
                 Caves
                 of
                 a
                 Man's
                 height
                 ,
                 that
                 part
                 over-head
                 they
                 leave
                 for
                 a
                 Roof
                 ,
                 but
                 below
                 they
                 make
                 long
                 Passages
                 or
                 Galleries
                 to
                 go
                 in
                 or
                 out
                 ,
                 one
                 over
                 against
                 another
                 .
                 Here
                 they
                 abide
                 with
                 ease
                 ,
                 protected
                 from
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ;
                 and
                 about
                 the
                 Time
                 the
                 Tide
                 comes
                 in
                 ,
                 out
                 they
                 start
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 for
                 that
                 time
                 imploy
                 themselves
                 in
                 Fishing
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 ebbing
                 of
                 the
                 Tide
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 have
                 fed
                 deliciously
                 together
                 upon
                 the
                 Fish
                 they
                 have
                 caught
                 ,
                 they
                 fly
                 again
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Caves
                 .
                 They
                 bury
                 their
                 Dead
                 only
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Low-Water
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 they
                 cast
                 their
                 Carcases
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 let
                 them
                 lye
                 uncover'd
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 carry'd
                 away
                 by
                 the
                 next
                 Tide
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 after
                 all
                 ,
                 having
                 spent
                 all
                 their
                 Days
                 in
                 a
                 strange
                 and
                 unusual
                 Course
                 and
                 way
                 of
                 Living
                 ,
                 they
                 themselves
                 at
                 last
                 in
                 their
                 Burials
                 become
                 Food
                 for
                 the
                 Fishes
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 there
                 's
                 one
                 Nation
                 of
                 the
                 Ichthiophages
                 whose
                 Habitations
                 are
                 so
                 strange
                 ,
                 that
                 inquisitive
                 Men
                 are
                 very
                 much
                 pulled
                 about
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 dwell
                 upon
                 steep
                 and
                 dangerous
                 hollows
                 which
                 time
                 out
                 of
                 mind
                 have
                 been
                 unaccessible
                 to
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 appears
                 :
                 For
                 over
                 their
                 Heads
                 are
                 exceeding
                 high
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 rugged
                 and
                 steep
                 every
                 way
                 ;
                 and
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 they
                 are
                 blockt
                 up
                 with
                 unpassable
                 Precipices
                 ;
                 and
                 before
                 ,
                 the
                 Sea
                 is
                 a
                 Guard
                 and
                 Boundary
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 best
                 Footman
                 cannot
                 come
                 at
                 them
                 .
                 Neither
                 have
                 they
                 any
                 use
                 or
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 
                 knowledge
                 of
                 any
                 Boats
                 or
                 Ships
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 .
                 Hence
                 (
                 the
                 thing
                 being
                 so
                 intricate
                 and
                 doubtful
                 )
                 we
                 may
                 justly
                 conclude
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 *
                 Aborigines
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 ever
                 in
                 this
                 Place
                 without
                 any
                 certain
                 time
                 of
                 their
                 First
                 Generation
                 ;
                 which
                 some
                 Naturalists
                 doubt
                 not
                 to
                 affirm
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 Works
                 of
                 Nature
                 whatsoever
                 .
                 But
                 for
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 the
                 perfect
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 things
                 of
                 this
                 nature
                 are
                 far
                 above
                 our
                 Comprehension
                 we
                 may
                 easily
                 conclude
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 know
                 but
                 little
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 the
                 most
                 inquisitive
                 ,
                 and
                 soaring
                 so
                 high
                 as
                 to
                 know
                 all
                 ;
                 who
                 may
                 perhaps
                 tickle
                 Mens
                 Ears
                 with
                 a
                 probable
                 Fancy
                 ,
                 but
                 never
                 really
                 attain
                 to
                 the
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 Truth
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 II.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Chelonophages
                   :
                   The
                   Manner
                   of
                   taking
                   
                     Sea
                     Tortoises
                  
                   .
                   The
                   Cetivores
                   or
                   
                     Whale
                     Eaters
                  
                   .
                   The
                   Sea
                   Coasts
                   over
                   against
                   Babylon
                   ;
                   their
                   Manner
                   of
                   taking
                   of
                   Fish
                   .
                   The
                   Rizophages
                   or
                   Root
                   Eaters
                   .
                   Those
                   call'd
                   Spermaphages
                   and
                   
                     Hylophages
                     ,
                     Hylogones
                     or
                  
                   Hunters
                   ;
                   their
                   taking
                   of
                   wild
                   Beasts
                   :
                   The
                   Elephant
                   Fighters
                   ;
                   how
                   they
                   are
                   taken
                   :
                   The
                   
                     Simoes
                     ,
                     Struthophages
                     ,
                     Acridophages
                  
                   or
                   
                     Locust
                     Eaters
                  
                   ;
                   their
                   miserable
                   Deaths
                   .
                   Cynomolges
                   :
                   The
                   Country
                   of
                   the
                   Troglodites
                   .
                   Wild
                   Beasts
                   :
                   The
                   Terrible
                   Wild
                   
                     Bull
                     :
                     Serpents
                  
                   ;
                   That
                   great
                   one
                   brought
                   alive
                   to
                   Alexandria
                   .
                
              
               
                 SOmething
                 likewise
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 spoken
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Chelonophages
                 ,
                 to
                 shew
                 the
                 whole
                 Course
                 and
                 Manner
                 of
                 their
                 way
                 of
                 living
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 a
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 Islands
                 in
                 the
                 Ocean
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Continent
                 ,
                 very
                 small
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 low
                 Situation
                 ,
                 barren
                 both
                 as
                 to
                 Tillage
                 and
                 the
                 natural
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
                 Amongst
                 these
                 Islands
                 (
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 near
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 )
                 there
                 are
                 no
                 Storms
                 or
                 Tempests
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Force
                 of
                 the
                 Waves
                 are
                 broke
                 by
                 the
                 Promontories
                 of
                 these
                 Islands
                 that
                 shoot
                 out
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 abundance
                 of
                 *
                 Sea
                 Tortoises
                 lye
                 in
                 and
                 about
                 these
                 Places
                 ,
                 seeking
                 Relief
                 under
                 the
                 Covert
                 of
                 this
                 calm
                 and
                 quiet
                 Shelter
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Night
                 they
                 lye
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 feeding
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 Day
                 time
                 appear
                 above
                 Water
                 in
                 that
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 that
                 flows
                 through
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Islands
                 ,
                 and
                 lye
                 sleeping
                 with
                 their
                 Shells
                 erect
                 ,
                 expos'd
                 to
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 and
                 seem
                 to
                 resemble
                 a
                 little
                 Skiff
                 turn'd
                 with
                 the
                 Keel
                 upwards
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 of
                 a
                 wonderful
                 Bigness
                 ,
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 a
                 small
                 Fisher's
                 Boat.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Barbarians
                 that
                 inhabit
                 these
                 Islands
                 ,
                 taking
                 the
                 Opportunity
                 ,
                 quietly
                 and
                 silently
                 swim
                 to
                 these
                 Sea
                 Tortoises
                 ,
                 and
                 assailing
                 them
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ;
                 some
                 they
                 thrust
                 forward
                 to
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 others
                 they
                 lift
                 up
                 till
                 they
                 have
                 turn'd
                 them
                 upon
                 their
                 Backs
                 ;
                 then
                 they
                 that
                 are
                 on
                 each
                 side
                 guide
                 and
                 direct
                 the
                 Creature
                 to
                 land
                 like
                 a
                 Ship
                 by
                 the
                 Stem
                 ,
                 lest
                 the
                 Tortoise
                 should
                 turn
                 it self
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 by
                 its
                 natural
                 Strength
                 in
                 swimming
                 escape
                 from
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 :
                 And
                 while
                 they
                 are
                 thus
                 imploy'd
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Company
                 swims
                 to
                 Shoar
                 before
                 with
                 a
                 long
                 Rope
                 ty'd
                 at
                 one
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 Fish
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 draws
                 him
                 to
                 Land
                 ,
                 those
                 that
                 assisted
                 at
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 him
                 following
                 close
                 after
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 's
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 they
                 fry
                 the
                 Fish
                 a
                 little
                 while
                 in
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 feed
                 upon
                 it
                 merrily
                 together
                 .
                 The
                 Shells
                 being
                 in
                 shape
                 like
                 to
                 Boats
                 are
                 very
                 useful
                 to
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 use
                 them
                 both
                 to
                 fail
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 Continent
                 to
                 get
                 fresh
                 Water
                 ;
                 and
                 likewise
                 for
                 Roofs
                 to
                 cover
                 their
                 Cottages
                 ,
                 turning
                 the
                 hollow
                 Parts
                 downwards
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 Nature's
                 Bounty
                 has
                 provided
                 for
                 them
                 by
                 one
                 Gift
                 many
                 useful
                 Advantages
                 as
                 Food
                 ,
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 Shipping
                 and
                 Habitations
                 .
              
               
                 Not
                 far
                 off
                 from
                 these
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea
                 Shoar
                 in
                 the
                 Continent
                 dwell
                 other
                 Barbarians
                 far
                 different
                 from
                 the
                 others
                 in
                 their
                 way
                 of
                 living
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 feed
                 upon
                 *
                 Whales
                 cast
                 up
                 by
                 Chance
                 by
                 the
                 Sea.
                 Sometimes
                 they
                 have
                 Plenty
                 of
                 Food
                 by
                 Reason
                 of
                 the
                 vast
                 Proportion
                 of
                 these
                 Creatures
                 ;
                 but
                 at
                 other
                 times
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 them
                 they
                 are
                 almost
                 starv'd
                 ;
                 and
                 are
                 forc'd
                 through
                 want
                 of
                 Food
                 to
                 gnaw
                 Pieces
                 of
                 old
                 stinking
                 Bones
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 suck
                 the
                 Ends
                 of
                 the
                 rotten
                 Ribs
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 many
                 are
                 the
                 Nations
                 of
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 who
                 feed
                 upon
                 Fish
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 their
                 living
                 ,
                 concluding
                 this
                 Account
                 in
                 a
                 brief
                 and
                 summary
                 way
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 over
                 against
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Babylon
                 border
                 upon
                 a
                 fruitful
                 
                 Country
                 abounding
                 in
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 such
                 Plenty
                 of
                 Fish
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 can
                 consume
                 :
                 For
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea
                 shoar
                 they
                 set
                 such
                 a
                 number
                 of
                 Canes
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 interwoven
                 one
                 within
                 another
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 like
                 to
                 a
                 Net
                 spread
                 all
                 along
                 by
                 the
                 Sea-side
                 .
                 In
                 every
                 of
                 which
                 Works
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 little
                 Portals
                 wrought
                 and
                 interlac'd
                 with
                 Reeds
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 tossed
                 this
                 way
                 and
                 that
                 way
                 with
                 an
                 easy
                 Motion
                 .
                 These
                 open
                 by
                 the
                 Tide
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Sea
                 flows
                 
                 in
                 upon
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 it
                 returns
                 into
                 the
                 Channel
                 they
                 shut
                 again
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 through
                 these
                 Portals
                 with
                 the
                 Efflux
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 the
                 Fish
                 slip
                 every
                 day
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 it
                 ebbs
                 they
                 are
                 left
                 behind
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 cannot
                 pass
                 with
                 the
                 Water
                 through
                 those
                 Canes
                 thus
                 knit
                 and
                 wrought
                 together
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Sea-side
                 sometimes
                 may
                 be
                 seen
                 Heaps
                 of
                 Fish
                 panting
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 which
                 those
                 that
                 have
                 the
                 Care
                 and
                 Oversight
                 of
                 this
                 Business
                 ,
                 gather
                 and
                 carry
                 away
                 .
                 Hence
                 
                 they
                 have
                 both
                 Plenty
                 of
                 Food
                 ,
                 and
                 raise
                 a
                 large
                 Revenue
                 beside
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Shoar
                 is
                 dry
                 and
                 the
                 Country
                 lies
                 flat
                 ,
                 draw
                 broad
                 Sluces
                 from
                 the
                 Sea
                 many
                 Furlongs
                 to
                 their
                 Cottages
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 ends
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 place
                 Wears
                 made
                 of
                 Twigs
                 ,
                 which
                 open
                 when
                 the
                 Tide
                 comes
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 shut
                 again
                 when
                 the
                 Sea
                 goes
                 out
                 ;
                 And
                 then
                 the
                 Water
                 flowing
                 through
                 the
                 narrow
                 Mouths
                 of
                 the
                 Portals
                 ,
                 the
                 Fish
                 remain
                 behind
                 in
                 the
                 Sluces
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 they
                 take
                 out
                 every
                 time
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 they
                 have
                 occasion
                 to
                 use
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 gone
                 through
                 all
                 those
                 People
                 bordering
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea-coasts
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 from
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Babylon
                 to
                 the
                 Red-Sea
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 proceed
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 Nations
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Ethiopia
                 above
                 Egypt
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Asa
                 ,
                 inhabit
                 a
                 People
                 call'd
                 Rizophages
                 ,
                 
                 who
                 get
                 up
                 the
                 Roots
                 of
                 the
                 Canes
                 that
                 grow
                 in
                 the
                 Marishes
                 ,
                 and
                 first
                 wash
                 them
                 very
                 clean
                 :
                 Then
                 they
                 bruise
                 and
                 pound
                 'em
                 with
                 Stones
                 till
                 they
                 are
                 soft
                 and
                 pliant
                 ;
                 afterwards
                 they
                 lay
                 a
                 handful
                 of
                 'em
                 in
                 the
                 Sun
                 till
                 they
                 are
                 broil'd
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 Food
                 they
                 live
                 upon
                 all
                 their
                 days
                 .
                 But
                 tho'
                 they
                 live
                 in
                 Plenty
                 and
                 are
                 at
                 constant
                 Peace
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 are
                 miserably
                 infested
                 and
                 often
                 fallen
                 upon
                 by
                 the
                 Lyons
                 that
                 abound
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Air
                 being
                 scorching
                 hot
                 ,
                 they
                 come
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Deserts
                 into
                 the
                 Rizophages
                 Country
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 shelter
                 from
                 the
                 Heat
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 hunt
                 the
                 lesser
                 Beasts
                 for
                 Prey
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 come
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Marishes
                 they
                 are
                 torn
                 in
                 Pieces
                 by
                 these
                 Creatures
                 ;
                 for
                 being
                 unarm'd
                 they
                 are
                 unable
                 to
                 withstand
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 the
                 Lyons
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 whole
                 Nation
                 would
                 certainly
                 be
                 utterly
                 destroy'd
                 if
                 Providence
                 had
                 not
                 provided
                 a
                 Remedy
                 in
                 this
                 Case
                 ;
                 for
                 about
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 Dog-days
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 's
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 Wind
                 ,
                 there
                 comes
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 Multitude
                 of
                 Gnats
                 (
                 larger
                 than
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 commonly
                 seen
                 )
                 that
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 are
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fly
                 into
                 the
                 Marishes
                 and
                 so
                 avoid
                 them
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 Lyons
                 partly
                 tormented
                 by
                 their
                 biting
                 and
                 stinging
                 of
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 their
                 humming
                 and
                 buzzing
                 run
                 far
                 away
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 Next
                 to
                 these
                 are
                 those
                 Nations
                 call'd
                 Hylophages
                 and
                 Spenmatophages
                 .
                 The
                 last
                 of
                 these
                 gather
                 in
                 great
                 Plenty
                 Fruits
                 which
                 fall
                 from
                 the
                 Trees
                 in
                 the
                 Summer
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 feed
                 on
                 them
                 without
                 taking
                 any
                 further
                 Pains
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 they
                 feed
                 upon
                 a
                 certain
                 sweet
                 Herb
                 which
                 grow
                 in
                 the
                 shady
                 Valleys
                 :
                 Which
                 being
                 a
                 solid
                 Plant
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 a
                 Stalk
                 like
                 to
                 a
                 Turnip
                 ,
                 it
                 sufficiently
                 supplies
                 the
                 want
                 of
                 other
                 necessary
                 Food
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Hylophages
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 go
                 into
                 the
                 Fields
                 
                 and
                 climb
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 feed
                 upon
                 the
                 Buds
                 and
                 tender
                 Branches
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 constant
                 Usage
                 and
                 Practice
                 are
                 so
                 nimble
                 in
                 getting
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 the
                 highest
                 Branch
                 that
                 it
                 seems
                 almost
                 incredible
                 .
                 They
                 skip
                 from
                 Tree
                 to
                 Tree
                 like
                 so
                 many
                 Birds
                 ,
                 and
                 mount
                 up
                 upon
                 the
                 slenderest
                 Branches
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 Hazard
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 very
                 slender
                 and
                 light
                 body'd
                 People
                 ,
                 if
                 their
                 Feet
                 fail
                 ,
                 they
                 catch
                 hold
                 with
                 their
                 Hands
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 fall
                 down
                 from
                 the
                 very
                 Top
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 light
                 they
                 get
                 no
                 harm
                 .
                 They
                 easily
                 chew
                 every
                 juicy
                 Twig
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 easily
                 concoct
                 them
                 .
                 They
                 always
                 go
                 naked
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 their
                 Wives
                 promiscuously
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 all
                 their
                 Children
                 they
                 look
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 common
                 amongst
                 them
                 .
                 They
                 sometimes
                 quarrel
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 for
                 Places
                 of
                 Habitation
                 ;
                 Their
                 Arms
                 are
                 Clubs
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 they
                 both
                 defend
                 themselves
                 and
                 pound
                 in
                 Pieces
                 their
                 conquer'd
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Many
                 of
                 them
                 are
                 often
                 famish'd
                 to
                 Death
                 when
                 they
                 grow
                 
                 blind
                 ,
                 being
                 depriv'd
                 of
                 so
                 necessary
                 a
                 Member
                 for
                 the
                 procuring
                 of
                 Sustenance
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 next
                 adjoyning
                 Country
                 is
                 inhabited
                 by
                 the
                 Ethiopian
                 *
                 Hylogones
                 call'd
                 Hunters
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 indeed
                 but
                 few
                 ,
                 but
                 live
                 after
                 a
                 peculiar
                 and
                 strange
                 manner
                 ,
                 answerable
                 to
                 their
                 Name
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Land
                 being
                 infested
                 with
                 multitudes
                 of
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 is
                 very
                 terrible
                 to
                 live
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 little
                 running
                 Water
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 ;
                 therefore
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Beasts
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 sleep
                 all
                 Night
                 in
                 Trees
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Morning
                 they
                 go
                 to
                 the
                 Pools
                 of
                 Water
                 with
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 hide
                 themselves
                 among
                 the
                 Boughs
                 ,
                 and
                 spy
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 :
                 Then
                 
                 when
                 the
                 Sun
                 grows
                 hot
                 ,
                 the
                 wild
                 Bulls
                 and
                 Leopards
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 other
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 come
                 running
                 to
                 the
                 Waters
                 (
                 being
                 scorch'd
                 with
                 Heat
                 and
                 Thirst
                 )
                 and
                 do
                 so
                 gorge
                 themselves
                 with
                 drinking
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 ready
                 to
                 burst
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 leap
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 and
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Beasts
                 (
                 that
                 can
                 scarcely
                 stir
                 or
                 move
                 )
                 with
                 Clubs
                 burnt
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 Stones
                 and
                 Darts
                 ,
                 and
                 kill
                 'em
                 with
                 ease
                 :
                 Thus
                 dividing
                 themselves
                 into
                 Companies
                 ,
                 they
                 finish
                 their
                 Pursuit
                 ,
                 and
                 feed
                 together
                 upon
                 the
                 Prey
                 they
                 have
                 caught
                 :
                 Very
                 rarely
                 it
                 is
                 that
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 are
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 even
                 by
                 the
                 fiercest
                 or
                 strongest
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 by
                 slight
                 they
                 overcome
                 might
                 .
                 If
                 they
                 miss
                 of
                 their
                 Prey
                 ,
                 they
                 wash
                 the
                 Skins
                 of
                 those
                 they
                 have
                 formerly
                 taken
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 them
                 upon
                 a
                 Fire
                 made
                 for
                 the
                 Purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 scorching
                 off
                 the
                 Hair
                 under
                 the
                 Ashes
                 ,
                 and
                 dividing
                 the
                 Skin
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ,
                 with
                 this
                 hard
                 Fare
                 they
                 satisfy
                 their
                 Hunger
                 .
                 They
                 teach
                 the
                 Boys
                 to
                 cast
                 Darts
                 exactly
                 to
                 hit
                 a
                 Mark
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 miss
                 ,
                 they
                 suffer
                 them
                 not
                 to
                 eat
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 this
                 Means
                 (
                 through
                 pinching
                 Hunger
                 )
                 they
                 become
                 excellent
                 Archers
                 .
              
               
                 Not
                 far
                 from
                 these
                 ,
                 towards
                 the
                 West
                 inhabit
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 call'd
                 
                 Elephantomachies
                 .
                 They
                 dwell
                 in
                 large
                 and
                 woody
                 Forests
                 ;
                 where
                 from
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 the
                 highest
                 Trees
                 they
                 diligently
                 observe
                 the
                 Motions
                 and
                 Walks
                 of
                 the
                 Elephants
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 set
                 not
                 upon
                 the
                 intire
                 Troops
                 at
                 once
                 (
                 for
                 that
                 were
                 to
                 little
                 Purpose
                 )
                 but
                 with
                 wonderful
                 Courage
                 single
                 them
                 out
                 as
                 they
                 come
                 near
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 Beast
                 approaches
                 to
                 the
                 right
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 that
                 watches
                 for
                 him
                 lyes
                 hid
                 ,
                 just
                 as
                 the
                 Elephant
                 passes
                 by
                 ,
                 he
                 catches
                 ,
                 hold
                 of
                 his
                 Tail
                 with
                 his
                 Hands
                 ,
                 and
                 clasps
                 his
                 Feet
                 close
                 to
                 his
                 left
                 Thigh
                 :
                 Then
                 with
                 his
                 
                 right
                 Hand
                 he
                 lays
                 hold
                 of
                 a
                 sharp
                 Ax
                 (
                 bound
                 upon
                 his
                 Shoulder
                 and
                 managable
                 by
                 one
                 Hand
                 )
                 and
                 with
                 that
                 gives
                 him
                 one
                 Wound
                 after
                 another
                 whereby
                 he
                 cuts
                 the
                 Nerves
                 and
                 Sinews
                 of
                 the
                 Elephant's
                 right
                 Ham
                 ,
                 guiding
                 and
                 governing
                 his
                 Body
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 by
                 his
                 right
                 Hand
                 .
                 This
                 Feat
                 is
                 perform'd
                 with
                 that
                 admirable
                 Quickness
                 and
                 Activity
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 the
                 Combat
                 had
                 been
                 design'd
                 to
                 be
                 ended
                 no
                 otherwise
                 than
                 by
                 the
                 Loss
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 their
                 Lives
                 .
                 For
                 what
                 could
                 be
                 expected
                 (
                 since
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 cannot
                 admit
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 Conjecture
                 )
                 but
                 either
                 the
                 Man
                 must
                 dye
                 or
                 the
                 Beast
                 be
                 overcome
                 ?
                 The
                 Beast
                 being
                 thus
                 Hamstrung
                 ,
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 turn
                 himself
                 round
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Slowness
                 of
                 his
                 Motion
                 ,
                 sinks
                 sometimes
                 on
                 that
                 side
                 where
                 he
                 is
                 wounded
                 and
                 falls
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 together
                 with
                 himself
                 kills
                 the
                 Ethiopian
                 .
                 Sometimes
                 the
                 Elephant
                 dashes
                 the
                 Man
                 against
                 a
                 Tree
                 or
                 a
                 Stone
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 his
                 Weight
                 presses
                 upon
                 him
                 till
                 he
                 has
                 kill'd
                 him
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 Elephants
                 overmaster'd
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 Smart
                 and
                 Torment
                 of
                 their
                 Wounds
                 )
                 never
                 regard
                 him
                 that
                 wounds
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 run
                 so
                 long
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 the
                 Plain
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 Ethiopian
                 behind
                 by
                 his
                 continual
                 hacking
                 and
                 cutting
                 in
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 place
                 ,
                 cuts
                 his
                 Sinews
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 altogether
                 disables
                 him
                 and
                 brings
                 him
                 down
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 run
                 in
                 flocking
                 ,
                 and
                 cutting
                 of
                 Collops
                 of
                 his
                 Flesh
                 while
                 he
                 is
                 yet
                 alive
                 ,
                 feed
                 and
                 feast
                 themselves
                 merrily
                 together
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Ethiopians
                 take
                 the
                 Elephants
                 without
                 any
                 Danger
                 of
                 their
                 Lives
                 at
                 all
                 ,
                 overcoming
                 Force
                 by
                 Slight
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Creature
                 when
                 he
                 is
                 full
                 ,
                 after
                 feeding
                 ,
                 differs
                 from
                 all
                 other
                 four-footed
                 Beasts
                 in
                 disposing
                 of
                 himself
                 to
                 Sleep
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 cannot
                 bend
                 his
                 Knees
                 and
                 lye
                 down
                 ,
                 but
                 sleeps
                 leaning
                 his
                 Body
                 to
                 the
                 side
                 of
                 a
                 Tree
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Tree
                 by
                 his
                 frequent
                 resort
                 to
                 it
                 and
                 pressing
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 withers
                 and
                 rots
                 ;
                 there
                 being
                 therefore
                 many
                 Signs
                 and
                 Footsteps
                 of
                 the
                 Elephant's
                 Walks
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 Hunters
                 of
                 this
                 Prey
                 discover
                 where
                 he
                 rests
                 himself
                 ,
                 they
                 having
                 found
                 out
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 saw
                 it
                 a
                 little
                 above
                 the
                 Ground
                 till
                 it
                 be
                 almost
                 ready
                 to
                 fall
                 ,
                 then
                 rubbing
                 out
                 the
                 Marks
                 of
                 their
                 Feet
                 they
                 go
                 away
                 before
                 the
                 Elephant
                 comes
                 there
                 ,
                 who
                 afterwards
                 in
                 the
                 Evening
                 being
                 full
                 fed
                 ,
                 makes
                 to
                 his
                 usual
                 Resting-place
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 leans
                 with
                 the
                 Weight
                 of
                 his
                 whole
                 Body
                 to
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 down
                 it
                 falls
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Beast
                 along
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 lyes
                 all
                 Night
                 with
                 his
                 Heels
                 upward
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 cannot
                 possibly
                 rise
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 it's
                 day
                 ,
                 they
                 that
                 saw'd
                 the
                 Tree
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 kill
                 the
                 poor
                 Creature
                 without
                 any
                 Hazard
                 ,
                 and
                 build
                 themselves
                 Huts
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 stay
                 till
                 they
                 have
                 eaten
                 him
                 up
                 .
              
               
                 Next
                 to
                 these
                 Nations
                 upon
                 the
                 West
                 inhabit
                 those
                 Ethiopians
                 call'd
                 Simoes
                 :
                 To
                 the
                 South
                 lye
                 the
                 Nation
                 of
                 the
                 Struthophages
                 ;
                 for
                 among
                 them
                 is
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Bird
                 
                 of
                 a
                 mixt
                 Nature
                 ,
                 partly
                 a
                 Fowl
                 and
                 partly
                 a
                 Beast
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 it
                 has
                 its
                 Name
                 .
                 
                 She
                 's
                 little
                 less
                 than
                 the
                 greatest
                 Hart
                 :
                 Nature
                 has
                 form'd
                 her
                 with
                 a
                 long
                 Neck
                 ,
                 a
                 round
                 Body
                 with
                 Wings
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 tender
                 and
                 small
                 Head
                 ,
                 yet
                 she
                 has
                 strong
                 Thighs
                 
                 and
                 Legs
                 ,
                 and
                 her
                 Feathers
                 are
                 forkt
                 ;
                 and
                 she
                 's
                 so
                 heavy
                 and
                 unweldy
                 that
                 she
                 
                 cannot
                 fly
                 above
                 the
                 Earth
                 ;
                 but
                 she
                 runs
                 along
                 with
                 that
                 Swiftness
                 that
                 she
                 scarce
                 touches
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
                 With
                 a
                 brisk
                 gale
                 of
                 Wind
                 she
                 mounts
                 up
                 her
                 Wings
                 and
                 makes
                 forward
                 as
                 swift
                 as
                 a
                 Ship
                 with
                 her
                 Sayls
                 spread
                 under
                 Sayl.
                 Against
                 the
                 Pursuer
                 she
                 defends
                 her self
                 with
                 flinging
                 of
                 Stones
                 ;
                 which
                 she
                 throws
                 with
                 that
                 Violence
                 out
                 of
                 her
                 Feet
                 as
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Sling
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 the
                 Wind
                 is
                 low
                 ,
                 her
                 Wings
                 flag
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 being
                 depriv'd
                 of
                 that
                 natural
                 Help
                 ,
                 she
                 's
                 easily
                 taken
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 those
                 Birds
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 divers
                 Arts
                 and
                 Devices
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 easily
                 take
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 feed
                 upon
                 their
                 Flesh
                 and
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 their
                 Skins
                 both
                 for
                 Vestments
                 and
                 Coverlets
                 for
                 Beds
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 when
                 these
                 Struthophages
                 are
                 set
                 upon
                 by
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 call'd
                 Simoes
                 ,
                 for
                 Arms
                 they
                 use
                 the
                 Horns
                 of
                 the
                 †
                 Oryxes
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 they
                 repel
                 the
                 Assaults
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 are
                 very
                 great
                 and
                 sharp
                 at
                 the
                 Ends
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 sort
                 of
                 Beasts
                 do
                 there
                 so
                 abound
                 that
                 their
                 Horns
                 are
                 found
                 scatter'd
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 they
                 become
                 of
                 special
                 use
                 to
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 little
                 distant
                 from
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 Acridophages
                 ,
                 bordering
                 upon
                 the
                 Deserts
                 ;
                 
                 lesser
                 they
                 are
                 than
                 other
                 Men
                 ,
                 of
                 lean
                 and
                 meager
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 exceeding
                 black
                 .
                 In
                 these
                 Parts
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Spring
                 the
                 South
                 Winds
                 rise
                 high
                 and
                 drive
                 an
                 infinite
                 Number
                 of
                 Locusts
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Desert
                 ,
                 of
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 Bigness
                 ,
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 most
                 dirty
                 and
                 nasty
                 colour'd
                 Wings
                 ;
                 and
                 these
                 are
                 plentiful
                 Food
                 and
                 Provision
                 for
                 them
                 all
                 their
                 days
                 .
                 They
                 have
                 a
                 strange
                 and
                 peculiar
                 way
                 of
                 catching
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 their
                 Country
                 there
                 's
                 a
                 large
                 and
                 deep
                 Vale
                 extending
                 far
                 in
                 
                 length
                 for
                 many
                 Furlongs
                 together
                 ,
                 all
                 over
                 this
                 they
                 lay
                 Heaps
                 of
                 Wood
                 and
                 other
                 combustible
                 Matter
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 Plenty
                 in
                 every
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Swarms
                 of
                 Locusts
                 are
                 by
                 the
                 Force
                 of
                 the
                 Winds
                 driven
                 thither
                 ,
                 then
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 go
                 to
                 one
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Valley
                 and
                 some
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 the
                 Grass
                 and
                 other
                 combustible
                 Matter
                 on
                 Fire
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 before
                 thrown
                 among
                 the
                 Piles
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 arises
                 a
                 great
                 and
                 suffocating
                 Smoke
                 ,
                 which
                 so
                 stifles
                 the
                 Locusts
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 fly
                 over
                 the
                 Vale
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 go
                 not
                 much
                 further
                 before
                 they
                 fall
                 down
                 dead
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
                 This
                 Destruction
                 of
                 them
                 is
                 continu'd
                 for
                 many
                 days
                 together
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 lye
                 in
                 great
                 Heaps
                 :
                 The
                 Country
                 being
                 full
                 of
                 Salt
                 ,
                 they
                 gather
                 these
                 Heaps
                 together
                 and
                 season
                 'em
                 sufficiently
                 with
                 this
                 Salt
                 ,
                 which
                 gives
                 them
                 an
                 excellent
                 Relish
                 ,
                 and
                 preserves
                 them
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 sweet
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 Putrefaction
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 Food
                 ever
                 ready
                 at
                 hand
                 from
                 these
                 Insects
                 during
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 neither
                 concern
                 themselves
                 with
                 Flesh
                 or
                 Fish
                 (
                 being
                 far
                 remote
                 from
                 the
                 Sea
                 )
                 nor
                 have
                 any
                 other
                 Provision
                 for
                 their
                 Support
                 and
                 Sustenance
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 a
                 little
                 sort
                 of
                 People
                 ,
                 very
                 swift
                 of
                 Foot
                 ,
                 but
                 exceeding
                 short
                 liv'd
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 that
                 live
                 the
                 longest
                 never
                 exceed
                 forty
                 :
                 And
                 as
                 the
                 Manner
                 of
                 their
                 
                 Death
                 is
                 strange
                 and
                 wonderful
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 's
                 sad
                 and
                 most
                 miserable
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 they
                 grow
                 old
                 ,
                 wing'd
                 Lice
                 breed
                 in
                 their
                 Flesh
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 of
                 divers
                 Sorts
                 but
                 of
                 horrid
                 and
                 ugly
                 Shapes
                 .
                 This
                 Plague
                 begins
                 first
                 at
                 the
                 Belly
                 and
                 Breast
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 eats
                 and
                 consumes
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 .
                 He
                 that
                 is
                 seiz'd
                 with
                 this
                 Distemper
                 ,
                 first
                 begins
                 to
                 itch
                 a
                 little
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 the
                 Scab
                 ,
                 Pleasure
                 and
                 Trouble
                 being
                 mixt
                 together
                 .
                 But
                 afterwards
                 when
                 the
                 Lice
                 begin
                 to
                 break
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 Skin
                 ,
                 abundance
                 of
                 putrid
                 Matter
                 (
                 accompany'd
                 with
                 intolerable
                 sharp
                 Pa
                 〈…〉
                 )
                 issues
                 out
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 sick
                 Person
                 so
                 tears
                 himself
                 in
                 Pieces
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Nails
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 sighs
                 and
                 groans
                 most
                 lamentably
                 ,
                 and
                 while
                 he
                 is
                 thus
                 scratching
                 of
                 himself
                 ,
                 the
                 Lice
                 come
                 pouring
                 out
                 in
                 such
                 Abundance
                 one
                 after
                 another
                 as
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Vessel
                 full
                 of
                 Holes
                 ,
                 and
                 thus
                 they
                 miserably
                 close
                 and
                 end
                 their
                 Days
                 .
                 Whether
                 this
                 proceeds
                 from
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 their
                 Food
                 or
                 the
                 Temper
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 is
                 uncertain
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 this
                 Nation
                 there
                 borders
                 a
                 large
                 Country
                 ,
                 rich
                 in
                 fair
                 Pastures
                 ,
                 but
                 desert
                 and
                 uninhabited
                 ;
                 not
                 that
                 there
                 never
                 were
                 any
                 People
                 there
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 formerly
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 inhabited
                 ,
                 an
                 immoderate
                 Rain
                 happen'd
                 which
                 bred
                 a
                 vast
                 Company
                 of
                 Spiders
                 and
                 Scorpions
                 :
                 And
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 write
                 )
                 these
                 Creatures
                 did
                 so
                 increase
                 that
                 tho'
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 the
                 whole
                 Nation
                 attempted
                 to
                 destroy
                 these
                 implacable
                 Enemies
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 master
                 them
                 (
                 for
                 whosoever
                 was
                 bit
                 or
                 string
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 immediately
                 fell
                 down
                 dead
                 )
                 so
                 that
                 not
                 knowing
                 where
                 to
                 abide
                 ,
                 or
                 how
                 to
                 get
                 Food
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fly
                 to
                 some
                 other
                 Place
                 for
                 Relief
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 incredible
                 ,
                 for
                 we
                 are
                 assur'd
                 by
                 very
                 good
                 and
                 substantial
                 Historians
                 ,
                 that
                 far
                 more
                 strange
                 and
                 wonderful
                 Things
                 than
                 those
                 have
                 happen'd
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 For
                 in
                 Italy
                 Field-mice
                 bred
                 in
                 such
                 vast
                 Numbers
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 they
                 forc'd
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 In
                 Media
                 great
                 Flocks
                 of
                 Sparrows
                 ate
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 standing
                 Corn
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 the
                 People
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 remove
                 elsewhere
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 call'd
                 Autariats
                 ,
                 were
                 forc'd
                 by
                 Frogs
                 bred
                 in
                 the
                 Clouds
                 ,
                 which
                 pour'd
                 down
                 upon
                 them
                 instead
                 of
                 Rain
                 ,
                 to
                 forsake
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 fly
                 to
                 these
                 Parts
                 where
                 they
                 are
                 now
                 settl'd
                 .
                 And
                 who
                 is
                 there
                 that
                 is
                 not
                 well
                 acquainted
                 by
                 Ancient
                 Histories
                 ,
                 how
                 among
                 those
                 many
                 Labours
                 Hercules
                 undertook
                 to
                 eternize
                 his
                 Name
                 ,
                 his
                 driving
                 out
                 those
                 devouring
                 Birds
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Marishes
                 of
                 Stymphalides
                 was
                 one
                 ?
                 And
                 some
                 Cities
                 of
                 Lybia
                 were
                 altogether
                 
                 depopulated
                 by
                 Lyons
                 ,
                 breaking
                 in
                 upon
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 Instances
                 we
                 have
                 given
                 to
                 convince
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 apt
                 to
                 question
                 whatsoever
                 Historians
                 relate
                 that
                 seem
                 strange
                 and
                 unusual
                 .
                 But
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 orderly
                 Course
                 of
                 our
                 History
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Southern
                 Border
                 is
                 inhabited
                 by
                 Men
                 whom
                 the
                 Grecians
                 call
                 Cynomones
                 ;
                 but
                 
                 by
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Barbarians
                 they
                 are
                 call'd
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 Language
                 Wild
                 Ethiopians
                 .
                 They
                 wear
                 long
                 Beards
                 ,
                 and
                 keep
                 up
                 numbers
                 of
                 fierce
                 Dogs
                 to
                 get
                 them
                 Food
                 .
                 For
                 from
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 Summer
                 Solstice
                 to
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 Winter
                 ,
                 an
                 innumerable
                 number
                 of
                 Indian
                 Oxen
                 come
                 into
                 their
                 Countrey
                 ;
                 the
                 Reason
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 unknown
                 .
                 For
                 its
                 uncertain
                 whether
                 they
                 fly
                 from
                 cruel
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 Troops
                 set
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 they
                 do
                 it
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Pasture
                 ,
                 or
                 upon
                 some
                 other
                 Accident
                 (
                 the
                 Effect
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 the
                 Parent
                 of
                 all
                 Wonders
                 )
                 which
                 Man's
                 Reason
                 cannot
                 comprehend
                 .
                 These
                 Oxen
                 are
                 so
                 numerous
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 are
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 master
                 them
                 ;
                 therefore
                 they
                 loose
                 their
                 Dogs
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 hunting
                 'em
                 take
                 many
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 eat
                 some
                 fresh
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 they
                 salt
                 up
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 other
                 Beasts
                 they
                 kill
                 with
                 these
                 masty
                 Dogs
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 Means
                 live
                 upon
                 Flesh
                 .
                 The
                 Nations
                 that
                 lye
                 furthest
                 South
                 live
                 the
                 Lives
                 of
                 Beasts
                 under
                 the
                 Shapes
                 of
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 But
                 it
                 yet
                 remains
                 to
                 speak
                 of
                 two
                 other
                 Nations
                 ;
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 and
                 the
                 Troglodites
                 :
                 But
                 of
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 mention
                 is
                 made
                 elsewhere
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 now
                 we
                 shall
                 treat
                 of
                 the
                 Troglodites
                 .
                 The
                 Grecians
                 call
                 them
                 *
                 Nomades
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 live
                 Pastoral
                 Lives
                 in
                 the
                 Manner
                 of
                 Shepherds
                 ;
                 and
                 are
                 divided
                 into
                 Tribes
                 under
                 a
                 Monarchical
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 enjoy
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 in
                 common
                 ,
                 except
                 only
                 the
                 Wife
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ;
                 yet
                 if
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 happen
                 to
                 lye
                 with
                 her
                 ,
                 he
                 's
                 only
                 fin'd
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 in
                 a
                 certain
                 Number
                 of
                 Sheep
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Etesian
                 Winds
                 blow
                 (
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 there
                 falls
                 abundance
                 of
                 Rain
                 )
                 they
                 feed
                 upon
                 Milk
                 and
                 Blood
                 mingl'd
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 boil'd
                 for
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 when
                 the
                 Pastures
                 are
                 burnt
                 up
                 with
                 the
                 scorching
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 they
                 fly
                 into
                 the
                 low
                 Marishes
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 often
                 fight
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 for
                 convenient
                 Pastures
                 for
                 their
                 Flocks
                 :
                 Those
                 Cattle
                 that
                 grow
                 old
                 or
                 are
                 sick
                 ,
                 they
                 knock
                 on
                 the
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 eat
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 these
                 always
                 they
                 have
                 their
                 Food
                 and
                 Sustenance
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 they
                 never
                 call
                 any
                 Father
                 and
                 Mother
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 a
                 Bull
                 ,
                 an
                 Ox
                 ,
                 a
                 Goat
                 or
                 a
                 Sheep
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 the
                 Males
                 Fathers
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Females
                 Mothers
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 have
                 their
                 daily
                 Food
                 from
                 these
                 and
                 not
                 from
                 their
                 Parents
                 .
                 Their
                 ordinary
                 Drink
                 is
                 a
                 Liquor
                 strain'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 call'd
                 *
                 Paliurus
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Drink
                 ●or
                 the
                 Noblemen
                 and
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 ,
                 is
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 Juice
                 of
                 a
                 Flower
                 no
                 better
                 than
                 the
                 worst
                 of
                 our
                 Wines
                 .
                 Because
                 of
                 their
                 Cattle
                 they
                 often
                 shift
                 and
                 remove
                 from
                 one
                 Pasture
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 very
                 cautious
                 and
                 careful
                 not
                 to
                 stay
                 long
                 in
                 one
                 Place
                 .
              
               
                 Their
                 whole
                 Bodies
                 are
                 naked
                 ,
                 except
                 about
                 their
                 Loyns
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 cover
                 with
                 Beasts
                 Skins
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 Troglodites
                 are
                 circumcis'd
                 like
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 ,
                 except
                 those
                 who
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 some
                 Accident
                 are
                 call'd
                 Cripples
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 only
                 ,
                 of
                 all
                 
                 those
                 that
                 inhabit
                 these
                 Streights
                 ,
                 have
                 from
                 their
                 Intancy
                 that
                 Member
                 (
                 which
                 in
                 others
                 is
                 only
                 circumcis'd
                 )
                 wholly
                 cut
                 off
                 with
                 a
                 Razor
                 .
                 Among
                 the
                 Troglodites
                 those
                 call'd
                 Megabareans
                 for
                 Arms
                 bear
                 round
                 Shields
                 made
                 of
                 Ox
                 raw
                 Hides
                 ,
                 and
                 Clubs
                 bound
                 round
                 with
                 Iron
                 at
                 the
                 thick
                 ends
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 are
                 arm'd
                 with
                 Bows
                 and
                 Spears
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 they
                 are
                 dead
                 they
                 tye
                 them
                 Neck
                 and
                 Heels
                 with
                 the
                 Twigs
                 and
                 Branches
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 Paliurus
                 ;
                 then
                 they
                 carry
                 the
                 Body
                 to
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 a
                 Hill
                 ,
                 where
                 with
                 great
                 Sport
                 and
                 Laughter
                 they
                 pelt
                 it
                 with
                 Stones
                 till
                 it
                 be
                 covered
                 over
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 they
                 stick
                 up
                 a
                 Goats
                 Horn
                 upon
                 the
                 Heap
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 leave
                 it
                 without
                 the
                 
                 least
                 Sense
                 of
                 Pity
                 or
                 Compassion
                 .
                 They
                 fight
                 not
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 out
                 of
                 any
                 Spleen
                 or
                 Rage
                 one
                 against
                 another
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 but
                 meerly
                 for
                 their
                 
                 flourishing
                 Pastures
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 their
                 Fights
                 they
                 make
                 their
                 Onsets
                 with
                 throwing
                 of
                 Stones
                 ;
                 after
                 some
                 Wounds
                 given
                 on
                 both
                 Sides
                 they
                 fall
                 to
                 it
                 with
                 their
                 Bows
                 and
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 whereupon
                 great
                 Numbers
                 are
                 slain
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 .
                 For
                 by
                 long
                 Experience
                 they
                 become
                 good
                 Marksmen
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 all
                 naked
                 are
                 expos'd
                 to
                 every
                 Shot
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 their
                 old
                 Women
                 by
                 their
                 Intreaties
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 their
                 Conflicts
                 (
                 whom
                 they
                 greatly
                 reverence
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 's
                 unlawful
                 to
                 do
                 them
                 the
                 least
                 Harm
                 )
                 and
                 therefore
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 see
                 them
                 come
                 towards
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 cease
                 casting
                 their
                 Darts
                 immediately
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 are
                 quiet
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 they
                 grow
                 so
                 old
                 that
                 they
                 cannot
                 follow
                 the
                 Flocks
                 ,
                 they
                 tye
                 themselves
                 by
                 their
                 Necks
                 to
                 an
                 Oxes
                 Tail
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 their
                 days
                 :
                 And
                 if
                 any
                 defer
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 any
                 one
                 as
                 a
                 Friend
                 may
                 first
                 admonish
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 if
                 he
                 does
                 it
                 not
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 may
                 cast
                 a
                 Rope
                 about
                 his
                 Neck
                 and
                 strangle
                 him
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 like
                 manner
                 its
                 lawful
                 to
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 any
                 that
                 become
                 lame
                 ,
                 or
                 are
                 seiz'd
                 with
                 any
                 desperate
                 and
                 incurable
                 Distemper
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 count
                 it
                 the
                 highest
                 and
                 greatest
                 Offence
                 for
                 any
                 one
                 to
                 love
                 his
                 Life
                 when
                 he
                 is
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 nothing
                 worth
                 living
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 all
                 the
                 Troglodites
                 are
                 of
                 sound
                 Bodies
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 strong
                 and
                 healthful
                 Age
                 ,
                 none
                 exceeding
                 Threescore
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 shall
                 suffice
                 concerning
                 the
                 Troglodites
                 .
                 Yet
                 if
                 this
                 Account
                 seem
                 strange
                 to
                 any
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 Manner
                 of
                 living
                 incredible
                 ,
                 let
                 but
                 the
                 Climate
                 of
                 Scythia
                 be
                 compar'd
                 with
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Troglodites
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 this
                 our
                 Relation
                 may
                 easily
                 gain
                 Belief
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 's
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Difference
                 between
                 our
                 Climate
                 and
                 theirs
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 write
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 different
                 Natures
                 being
                 weigh'd
                 and
                 consider'd
                 distinctly
                 are
                 scarce
                 credible
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 some
                 Places
                 of
                 Scythia
                 by
                 the
                 Extremity
                 of
                 Cold
                 the
                 greatest
                 Rivers
                 are
                 so
                 frozen
                 ,
                 that
                 vast
                 Armies
                 and
                 Chariots
                 may
                 pass
                 over
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 Wine
                 and
                 other
                 Liquors
                 do
                 so
                 congeal
                 that
                 they
                 must
                 be
                 cut
                 with
                 Knives
                 and
                 Hatches
                 .
                 And
                 most
                 strangely
                 and
                 wonderfully
                 Mens
                 Fingers
                 and
                 Toes
                 drop
                 off
                 with
                 rubbing
                 against
                 their
                 Cloaths
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Eyes
                 grow
                 dark
                 and
                 dim
                 .
                 Neither
                 can
                 the
                 Fire
                 cast
                 any
                 Warmth
                 or
                 Heat
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Force
                 of
                 Cold
                 even
                 brazen
                 Statues
                 are
                 burst
                 asunder
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 these
                 Seasons
                 they
                 say
                 the
                 Clouds
                 are
                 so
                 thick
                 and
                 gross
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 's
                 neither
                 Thunder
                 nor
                 Lightning
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 .
                 Many
                 other
                 Things
                 there
                 happen
                 which
                 seem
                 incredible
                 to
                 the
                 ignorant
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 intolerable
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 feel
                 them
                 by
                 Experience
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 the
                 utmost
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Egypt
                 and
                 the
                 Troglodites
                 the
                 Sun
                 is
                 so
                 scorching
                 hot
                 at
                 Mid-day
                 that
                 two
                 standing
                 together
                 cannot
                 see
                 each
                 other
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Thickness
                 of
                 the
                 Air.
                 Neither
                 is
                 it
                 safe
                 for
                 any
                 to
                 go
                 without
                 Shoes
                 in
                 these
                 Parts
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 they
                 do
                 the
                 Soles
                 of
                 their
                 Feet
                 are
                 presently
                 blister'd
                 all
                 over
                 :
                 And
                 except
                 Men
                 have
                 something
                 ready
                 to
                 drink
                 to
                 quench
                 their
                 Thirst
                 ,
                 they
                 forthwith
                 faint
                 and
                 dye
                 ,
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 the
                 heat
                 quickly
                 exhaling
                 all
                 the
                 moisture
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Man's
                 Body
                 :
                 And
                 moreover
                 ,
                 if
                 any
                 do
                 put
                 Meat
                 and
                 Water
                 into
                 a
                 Brazen
                 Pot
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Sun
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 presently
                 boil'd
                 without
                 Fire
                 and
                 Fuel
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 both
                 these
                 Countries
                 are
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 seeking
                 to
                 avoid
                 these
                 uncomfortable
                 Circumstances
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 chuse
                 rather
                 to
                 be
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ever
                 dying
                 here
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 be
                 forc'd
                 to
                 live
                 another
                 sort
                 of
                 Life
                 elsewhere
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 every
                 Country
                 is
                 belov'd
                 by
                 its
                 own
                 natural
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 long
                 usage
                 ,
                 even
                 from
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Childhood
                 ,
                 overcomes
                 the
                 inconveniences
                 of
                 an
                 intemperate
                 Climate
                 .
                 These
                 great
                 differences
                 of
                 
                 Climates
                 are
                 sometimes
                 not
                 far
                 asunder
                 ;
                 for
                 from
                 the
                 Lake
                 Meotis
                 (
                 where
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Scythians
                 inhabit
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 extream
                 Cold
                 ,
                 and
                 biting
                 Frost
                 ,
                 )
                 many
                 with
                 a
                 fair
                 Wind
                 sail
                 to
                 Rhodes
                 in
                 Ten
                 Days
                 time
                 ;
                 thence
                 in
                 Four
                 Days
                 more
                 ,
                 they
                 reach
                 to
                 Alexandria
                 ;
                 thence
                 crossing
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 ,
                 they
                 recover
                 Ethiopia
                 (
                 most
                 commonly
                 )
                 the
                 Tenth
                 Day
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 's
                 not
                 above
                 Four
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Days
                 sail
                 from
                 the
                 coldest
                 to
                 the
                 hottest
                 Climates
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 And
                 therefore
                 it
                 's
                 no
                 wonder
                 that
                 there
                 's
                 such
                 diversity
                 of
                 Food
                 ,
                 Manners
                 and
                 Bodies
                 so
                 far
                 differing
                 from
                 ours
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 's
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Contrariety
                 of
                 Climates
                 in
                 so
                 small
                 a
                 distance
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 given
                 a
                 distinct
                 account
                 of
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 strange
                 and
                 unusual
                 Manners
                 and
                 Customs
                 ;
                 something
                 now
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 said
                 particularly
                 concerning
                 the
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 bred
                 in
                 those
                 Countries
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 's
                 bred
                 in
                 Ethiopia
                 ,
                 a
                 Creature
                 ,
                 call'd
                 from
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Beast
                 ,
                 a
                 Rhinoceros
                 ,
                 
                 for
                 Courage
                 and
                 Strength
                 equal
                 with
                 the
                 Elephant
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 so
                 tall
                 .
                 His
                 Skin
                 is
                 exceeding
                 hard
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 colour
                 of
                 Box.
                 He
                 has
                 a
                 flat
                 Horn
                 growing
                 out
                 a
                 little
                 above
                 his
                 Nostrils
                 as
                 hard
                 as
                 Iron
                 .
                 He
                 's
                 always
                 at
                 war
                 with
                 the
                 Elephant
                 for
                 his
                 Pasture
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 whets
                 his
                 Horn
                 against
                 a
                 great
                 Stone
                 ;
                 in
                 the
                 Conflict
                 he
                 gets
                 under
                 the
                 Belly
                 of
                 the
                 Elephant
                 ,
                 and
                 cuts
                 and
                 gashes
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 with
                 a
                 Sword
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 his
                 Enemy
                 bleeds
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 and
                 thus
                 he
                 destroys
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 the
                 Elephant
                 prevent
                 him
                 from
                 coming
                 under
                 his
                 Belly
                 ,
                 he
                 catches
                 the
                 Rhinoceros
                 up
                 in
                 his
                 Trunk
                 ,
                 and
                 easily
                 overcomes
                 him
                 ,
                 being
                 far
                 stronger
                 in
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 wounding
                 deeper
                 with
                 the
                 Stroaks
                 of
                 his
                 Tushes
                 .
              
               
                 *
                 Sphinges
                 are
                 bred
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Troglodites
                 in
                 Ethiopia
                 ,
                 not
                 much
                 unlike
                 those
                 which
                 the
                 Limners
                 draw
                 ,
                 save
                 that
                 they
                 differ
                 only
                 in
                 being
                 rough
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 of
                 a
                 gentle
                 nature
                 ,
                 very
                 docible
                 ,
                 apt
                 to
                 learn
                 any
                 thing
                 presently
                 that
                 is
                 taught
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 that
                 are
                 call'd
                 †
                 Cynocephales
                 ,
                 resemble
                 ugly
                 fac'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 continually
                 snarling
                 and
                 grumbling
                 .
                 This
                 Creature
                 is
                 exceeding
                 curst
                 ,
                 never
                 to
                 be
                 tam'd
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 his
                 Eye-brows
                 looks
                 with
                 a
                 most
                 surly
                 Countenance
                 .
                 The
                 Females
                 are
                 extraordinary
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 for
                 having
                 their
                 Privy
                 Parts
                 continually
                 hanging
                 down
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Body
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Beast
                 call'd
                 *
                 Cepus
                 ,
                 so
                 nam'd
                 from
                 the
                 beauty
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 comliness
                 of
                 Proportion
                 .
                 He
                 has
                 the
                 Face
                 of
                 a
                 Lion
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 Parts
                 is
                 like
                 to
                 a
                 Panther
                 ,
                 except
                 that
                 for
                 his
                 bigness
                 he
                 is
                 as
                 large
                 as
                 a
                 Deer
                 .
                 Of
                 all
                 these
                 strange
                 
                 Beasts
                 none
                 's
                 so
                 fierce
                 as
                 the
                 Wild
                 Bull
                 ,
                 which
                 Feeds
                 upon
                 Flesh
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 altogether
                 invincible
                 :
                 he
                 's
                 larger
                 than
                 any
                 tame
                 Bull
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 Swift
                 as
                 any
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Mouth
                 is
                 Wide
                 even
                 up
                 to
                 his
                 Eyes
                 :
                 He
                 's
                 exceeding
                 red
                 ,
                 his
                 Eyes
                 grayer
                 than
                 a
                 Lions
                 ,
                 and
                 Sparkling
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 like
                 Fire
                 .
                 His
                 Horns
                 have
                 a
                 wonderful
                 property
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 can
                 move
                 'em
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 his
                 Ears
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 Fights
                 keeps
                 them
                 fast
                 and
                 immovable
                 .
                 His
                 Hair
                 contrary
                 to
                 all
                 other
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 stands
                 on
                 end
                 ,
                 He
                 's
                 so
                 exceeding
                 Fierce
                 that
                 he
                 'll
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 strongest
                 Creature
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 and
                 Feeds
                 upon
                 the
                 Flesh
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 he
                 destroys
                 .
                 He
                 destroys
                 the
                 Flocks
                 and
                 Herds
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 terrible
                 manner
                 Fights
                 with
                 Troops
                 of
                 Shepherds
                 and
                 whole
                 Armies
                 of
                 Dogs
                 at
                 once
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 his
                 Skin
                 is
                 impenetrable
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 tho
                 many
                 have
                 attempted
                 to
                 Kill
                 him
                 ,
                 yet
                 none
                 were
                 ever
                 able
                 to
                 efect
                 it
                 .
                 If
                 he
                 fall
                 into
                 a
                 Pit
                 ,
                 or
                 be
                 taken
                 any
                 other
                 way
                 by
                 Snares
                 or
                 Ginns
                 
                 laid
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 Choaks
                 and
                 Stiffles
                 himself
                 with
                 his
                 unrully
                 Rage
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 not
                 suffer
                 any
                 Man
                 to
                 come
                 near
                 him
                 tho
                 never
                 so
                 gently
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 the
                 Troglodites
                 justly
                 account
                 this
                 Beast
                 the
                 strongest
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 ;
                 to
                 whom
                 Nature
                 has
                 given
                 the
                 stoutness
                 of
                 a
                 Lion
                 ,
                 the
                 swiftness
                 of
                 a
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 a
                 Bull
                 ;
                 and
                 which
                 cannot
                 be
                 conquer'd
                 with
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 which
                 subdues
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 's
                 another
                 Creature
                 among
                 the
                 Ethopians
                 call'd
                 a
                 Crocut
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 mixt
                 nature
                 ,
                 
                 between
                 a
                 Dog
                 and
                 a
                 Wolf
                 ,
                 more
                 fierce
                 than
                 them
                 both
                 ,
                 and
                 exceeding
                 all
                 others
                 for
                 his
                 Tearing
                 and
                 Biting
                 .
                 Let
                 the
                 Bones
                 be
                 never
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 he
                 presently
                 grashes
                 them
                 in
                 Pieces
                 and
                 digests
                 them
                 immediatly
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 come
                 into
                 his
                 Stomach
                 .
                 Some
                 Historians
                 (
                 who
                 love
                 to
                 tell
                 strange
                 things
                 )
                 report
                 that
                 this
                 Beast
                 will
                 imitate
                 the
                 Voice
                 and
                 Speech
                 of
                 a
                 Man
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 cannot
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 credit
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Inhabitants
                 bordering
                 upon
                 the
                 Deserts
                 ,
                 say
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 in
                 these
                 Parts
                 
                 divers
                 sorts
                 of
                 Serpents
                 of
                 an
                 incredible
                 bigness
                 ;
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 say
                 they
                 have
                 seen
                 some
                 a
                 hundred
                 †
                 Cubits
                 long
                 ,
                 are
                 lookt
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 Liers
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 by
                 me
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 every
                 one
                 else
                 .
                 But
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 more
                 credit
                 to
                 their
                 fabulous
                 Relation
                 ,
                 they
                 add
                 a
                 Story
                 far
                 more
                 absurd
                 and
                 impropable
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 these
                 vast
                 Creatures
                 lye
                 rould
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 Round
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Plain
                 ,
                 every
                 Circle
                 lying
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 ,
                 they
                 seem
                 like
                 Hills
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 are
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 .
                 But
                 who
                 can
                 easily
                 believe
                 there
                 are
                 any
                 such
                 monstrous
                 Creatures
                 ?
              
               
                 But
                 we
                 shall
                 say
                 something
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Serpents
                 (
                 that
                 ever
                 were
                 seen
                 )
                 which
                 
                 were
                 brought
                 to
                 Alexandria
                 in
                 Nets
                 ,
                 discoursing
                 by
                 the
                 way
                 of
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 hunting
                 and
                 taking
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 *
                 Ptolemy
                 the
                 Second
                 being
                 very
                 much
                 given
                 to
                 the
                 hunting
                 of
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 incourag'd
                 with
                 great
                 Rewards
                 many
                 that
                 were
                 skilful
                 Hunters
                 of
                 the
                 strongest
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 sparing
                 Costs
                 (
                 in
                 gratifying
                 the
                 pleasure
                 he
                 took
                 in
                 this
                 kind
                 )
                 he
                 got
                 together
                 great
                 multitudes
                 of
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 train'd
                 up
                 for
                 his
                 Wars
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 many
                 strange
                 Beasts
                 which
                 were
                 never
                 seen
                 before
                 ,
                 became
                 known
                 to
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 these
                 Considerations
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Huntsmen
                 ,
                 knowing
                 the
                 generosity
                 and
                 bounty
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 in
                 his
                 Rewards
                 for
                 things
                 of
                 this
                 nature
                 ,
                 agreed
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 hazard
                 of
                 their
                 Lives
                 to
                 bring
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 but
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 monstrous
                 Serpents
                 ,
                 
                 alive
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 Alexandria
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 a
                 bold
                 and
                 difficult
                 undertaking
                 ;
                 but
                 Fortune
                 crown'd
                 the
                 Enterprize
                 ,
                 and
                 Prosperity
                 effected
                 the
                 Attempt
                 .
                 They
                 spy'd
                 a
                 Serpent
                 lying
                 in
                 the
                 standing
                 Pools
                 Thirty
                 Cubits
                 long
                 ,
                 still
                 and
                 quiet
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 used
                 to
                 do
                 at
                 all
                 other
                 times
                 ,
                 save
                 when
                 he
                 spy'd
                 any
                 Beast
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Water
                 to
                 drink
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 he
                 suddainly
                 leapt
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 his
                 wide
                 Jaws
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 winding
                 himself
                 round
                 about
                 their
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 held
                 them
                 so
                 fast
                 as
                 that
                 they
                 could
                 never
                 escape
                 .
                 )
              
               
                 Hereupon
                 these
                 persons
                 considering
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 very
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 naturally
                 dull
                 and
                 slow
                 ,
                 conceiv'd
                 some
                 hopes
                 of
                 catching
                 him
                 in
                 Gins
                 and
                 Chains
                 ,
                 having
                 all
                 things
                 ready
                 and
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 the
                 purpose
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 nearer
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 they
                 were
                 terrify'd
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 his
                 Eyes
                 kindle
                 like
                 sparks
                 of
                 Fire
                 ,
                 his
                 Tongue
                 slapping
                 about
                 his
                 Jaws
                 ,
                 his
                 terrible
                 Hissing
                 ,
                 the
                 sharpness
                 of
                 his
                 Scales
                 ,
                 his
                 rusling
                 among
                 the
                 Reeds
                 and
                 Bushes
                 when
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 stir
                 himself
                 ,
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 his
                 terrible
                 Teeth
                 ,
                 his
                 horrible
                 Aspect
                 and
                 high
                 Round
                 whereunto
                 he
                 had
                 wound
                 himself
                 ,
                 they
                 grew
                 wan
                 and
                 pale
                 with
                 excessive
                 fear
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 trembling
                 Hands
                 cast
                 the
                 Gin
                 upon
                 his
                 Tail
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 toucht
                 him
                 ,
                 the
                 Monster
                 roul'd
                 about
                 with
                 a
                 terrible
                 hiss
                 ,
                 and
                 lifting
                 up
                 himself
                 above
                 the
                 head
                 of
                 the
                 First
                 that
                 approacht
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 snapt
                 him
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 tore
                 him
                 in
                 Pieces
                 .
                 The
                 Second
                 he
                 catcht
                 by
                 the
                 winding
                 of
                 his
                 Tail
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 
                 distance
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 making
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 winding
                 himself
                 round
                 him
                 )
                 held
                 him
                 fast
                 round
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 his
                 Belly
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 rest
                 were
                 so
                 affrighted
                 ,
                 that
                 away
                 they
                 fled
                 ;
                 however
                 ,
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 so
                 leave
                 the
                 Monster
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 hopes
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 bounty
                 overcame
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 imminent
                 danger
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 what
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 do
                 by
                 Force
                 they
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 effect
                 by
                 Art
                 ,
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 this
                 following
                 Contrivance
                 .
                 They
                 made
                 a
                 Toil
                 of
                 Bulrushes
                 ,
                 in
                 shape
                 like
                 to
                 a
                 Bosom
                 Net
                 ,
                 large
                 enough
                 to
                 receive
                 and
                 hold
                 the
                 Beast
                 ;
                 observing
                 therefore
                 his
                 Hole
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 he
                 went
                 out
                 to
                 Feed
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 return'd
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 gone
                 forth
                 to
                 hunt
                 for
                 his
                 usual
                 Prey
                 ,
                 they
                 stopt
                 up
                 the
                 mouth
                 of
                 his
                 Den
                 with
                 great
                 Stones
                 and
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 near
                 to
                 it
                 dug
                 another
                 Hole
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 Plac'd
                 the
                 Toil
                 made
                 of
                 Bulrushes
                 just
                 over
                 against
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Hole
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Entrance
                 might
                 be
                 plain
                 and
                 open
                 .
                 Then
                 as
                 he
                 return'd
                 from
                 Feeding
                 ,
                 the
                 Darters
                 ,
                 Slingers
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 Horse-men
                 with
                 Trumpeters
                 and
                 other
                 Assailants
                 set
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Monster
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 nearer
                 to
                 them
                 )
                 prickt
                 up
                 his
                 Head
                 far
                 above
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 the
                 Horse-men
                 ,
                 but
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Troop
                 of
                 Hunters
                 durst
                 come
                 near
                 him
                 ,
                 being
                 made
                 cautious
                 by
                 the
                 former
                 misfortune
                 ;
                 but
                 many
                 cast
                 Darts
                 at
                 him
                 all
                 at
                 once
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 the
                 Horses
                 ,
                 multitude
                 of
                 great
                 Dogs
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 noise
                 of
                 Trumpets
                 ,
                 they
                 terrify'd
                 the
                 Beast
                 ,
                 and
                 pursu'd
                 him
                 cautiously
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 till
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 his
                 Hold
                 ,
                 lest
                 by
                 pressing
                 too
                 hard
                 and
                 close
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 too
                 much
                 provok'd
                 and
                 inrag'd
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 approaching
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Den
                 ,
                 before
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 at
                 once
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 noise
                 with
                 beating
                 upon
                 their
                 Arms
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 noise
                 and
                 sound
                 of
                 Trumpets
                 ,
                 they
                 exceedingly
                 terrify'd
                 the
                 Monster
                 ,
                 who
                 not
                 finding
                 his
                 former
                 Hold
                 ,
                 and
                 fearing
                 the
                 Hunters
                 ,
                 flies
                 into
                 the
                 mouth
                 of
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 open
                 and
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 filling
                 the
                 Net
                 ,
                 by
                 rouling
                 of
                 himself
                 round
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 some
                 forthwith
                 rid
                 up
                 with
                 full
                 speed
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 before
                 the
                 Beast
                 could
                 wind
                 up
                 himself
                 )
                 ty'd
                 up
                 the
                 mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Net
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 to
                 the
                 Top
                 made
                 very
                 long
                 on
                 purpose
                 for
                 quickness
                 of
                 dispatch
                 in
                 this
                 business
                 .
                 Then
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 they
                 put
                 Roulers
                 under
                 the
                 massy
                 weight
                 of
                 the
                 Net
                 ,
                 to
                 lift
                 it
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 drew
                 it
                 forth
                 .
                 The
                 Serpent
                 being
                 thus
                 shut
                 up
                 ,
                 hiss't
                 most
                 dreadfully
                 ,
                 gnawing
                 the
                 Bulrushes
                 with
                 his
                 Teeth
                 ,
                 and
                 tossing
                 himself
                 to
                 and
                 fro
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 just
                 leaping
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Net
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Hunters
                 exceedingly
                 fearing
                 he
                 would
                 do
                 ,
                 drew
                 him
                 out
                 upon
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 often
                 pricking
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Tail
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 him
                 to
                 snap
                 and
                 bite
                 there
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 most
                 sensible
                 of
                 pain
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 they
                 brought
                 him
                 to
                 Alexandria
                 ,
                 and
                 presented
                 the
                 Beast
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ;
                 a
                 most
                 strange
                 Monster
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 incredible
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 admiration
                 this
                 Creature
                 was
                 afterwards
                 made
                 tame
                 :
                 For
                 keeping
                 him
                 low
                 in
                 want
                 of
                 Food
                 ,
                 he
                 abated
                 in
                 his
                 fierceness
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 by
                 degrees
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 gentle
                 .
                 Ptolemy
                 liberally
                 rewarded
                 the
                 Hunters
                 ;
                 and
                 kept
                 and
                 fed
                 the
                 Serpent
                 thus
                 tam'd
                 ;
                 a
                 most
                 wonderful
                 sight
                 to
                 all
                 Strangers
                 that
                 travell'd
                 into
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
               
               
                 It
                 may
                 not
                 therefore
                 be
                 judg'd
                 altogether
                 incredible
                 (
                 or
                 accounted
                 for
                 a
                 Fable
                 )
                 what
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 have
                 related
                 ,
                 since
                 so
                 vast
                 a
                 Monster
                 has
                 been
                 expos'd
                 to
                 open
                 view
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 affirm
                 that
                 there
                 have
                 been
                 seen
                 Serpents
                 amongst
                 them
                 of
                 that
                 extraordinary
                 bigness
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 not
                 only
                 devour'd
                 Cows
                 and
                 Bulls
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Beasts
                 of
                 that
                 size
                 ,
                 but
                 have
                 even
                 fought
                 with
                 Elephants
                 themselves
                 :
                 
                 For
                 they
                 so
                 wrap
                 themselves
                 round
                 their
                 Thighs
                 ,
                 and
                 hold
                 them
                 so
                 fast
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 move
                 or
                 stir
                 ,
                 and
                 pricking
                 up
                 their
                 heads
                 from
                 under
                 the
                 Elephants
                 Trunk
                 ,
                 and
                 looking
                 direct
                 upon
                 them
                 full
                 in
                 the
                 Face
                 with
                 the
                 fiery
                 Rays
                 that
                 dart
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 strike
                 them
                 blind
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 fall
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 struck
                 with
                 a
                 flash
                 of
                 Lightning
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 down
                 they
                 tear
                 them
                 in
                 Pieces
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 since
                 we
                 have
                 given
                 a
                 clear
                 and
                 sufficient
                 account
                 of
                 Ethiopia
                 and
                 Troglodita
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 bordering
                 Countries
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Torrid
                 Zone
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Southern
                 Coasts
                 and
                 Climates
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Red
                   Sea
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Atlantick
                   Ocean
                
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 proceed
                 to
                 the
                 Description
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 parts
                 bordering
                 upon
                 the
                 *
                 
                   Arabian
                   Gulf
                
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 have
                 learnt
                 partly
                 from
                 the
                 publick
                 Records
                 in
                 Alexandria
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 from
                 those
                 that
                 have
                 seen
                 the
                 Places
                 themselves
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 inhabited
                 World
                 ,
                 as
                 likewise
                 the
                 British
                 Isles
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Places
                 lying
                 far
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 least
                 known
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 .
                 But
                 we
                 shall
                 describe
                 those
                 Northern
                 parts
                 which
                 border
                 upon
                 the
                 Frigid
                 Zone
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 British
                 Isles
                 ,
                 when
                 we
                 come
                 to
                 treat
                 of
                 the
                 acts
                 of
                 
                   Caius
                   Caesar
                
                 ,
                 who
                 inlarg'd
                 the
                 Bounds
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Empire
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 those
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 means
                 we
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 Countries
                 which
                 were
                 altogether
                 unknown
                 to
                 us
                 before
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 III.
                 
              
               
                 
                   A
                   Description
                   of
                   the
                   Coasts
                   and
                   Countries
                   on
                   both
                   sides
                   the
                   Arabian
                   Gulf
                   ,
                   or
                   
                     Red
                     Sea.
                  
                   The
                   Perfumes
                   of
                   Arabia
                   the
                   Happy
                   .
                   The
                   Fortunate
                   Islands
                   .
                   A
                   Description
                   of
                   part
                   of
                   Lybia
                   :
                   The
                   Spectras
                   near
                   the
                   Syrtes
                   .
                
              
               
                 THe
                 *
                 Arabian
                 Gulf
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 's
                 call'd
                 )
                 empties
                 it self
                 into
                 the
                 Southern
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 and
                 stretches
                 out
                 many
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 length
                 ;
                 where
                 it
                 falls
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 it
                 s
                 both
                 bounded
                 with
                 Arabia
                 and
                 Troglodita
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 breadth
                 both
                 at
                 the
                 Mouths
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 it
                 's
                 lost
                 in
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 is
                 about
                 Fifteen
                 Furlongs
                 .
                 But
                 from
                 the
                 Port
                 of
                 Panormus
                 ,
                 the
                 opposite
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 is
                 one
                 Days
                 sailing
                 :
                 The
                 greatest
                 breadth
                 is
                 at
                 Mount
                 Tyrceus
                 ,
                 and
                 Macaria
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Sea
                 is
                 very
                 rough
                 and
                 tempestuous
                 ;
                 nor
                 can
                 Land
                 be
                 seen
                 from
                 one
                 side
                 to
                 another
                 ;
                 from
                 thence
                 it
                 grows
                 narrower
                 ,
                 till
                 it
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 Ocean
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Sea
                 are
                 many
                 great
                 Islands
                 ,
                 between
                 which
                 the
                 Passage
                 for
                 Ships
                 is
                 very
                 narrow
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Water
                 very
                 rough
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 in
                 short
                 is
                 the
                 Situation
                 of
                 this
                 Gulf.
                 We
                 shall
                 begin
                 at
                 the
                 †
                 utmost
                 Parts
                 of
                 this
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 describe
                 the
                 Coasts
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 is
                 remarkable
                 in
                 each
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 we
                 were
                 sailing
                 along
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 first
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 give
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Coast
                 on
                 the
                 *
                 Right
                 Hand
                 ,
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 the
                 Troglodites
                 :
                 The
                 Troglodites
                 take
                 up
                 all
                 this
                 part
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 vast
                 Deserts
                 .
                 All
                 along
                 the
                 Shoar
                 on
                 this
                 right
                 side
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Arsinoe
                 ,
                 Mariners
                 meet
                 with
                 many
                 Rivers
                 of
                 Salt-water
                 ,
                 pouring
                 down
                 from
                 the
                 Rocks
                 into
                 the
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 passing
                 these
                 running
                 Fountains
                 ,
                 appears
                 a
                 Mountain
                 in
                 a
                 vast
                 and
                 large
                 Plain
                 of
                 a
                 red
                 Colour
                 ,
                 which
                 dazles
                 the
                 Eyes
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 look
                 earnestly
                 upon
                 it
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 this
                 Mountain
                 is
                 a
                 Lake
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Entrance
                 of
                 many
                 windings
                 and
                 turnings
                 into
                 it
                 ,
                 known
                 by
                 the
                 Na●e
                 of
                 †
                 Aphrodites
                 ;
                 in
                 this
                 are
                 Three
                 Islands
                 ,
                 Two
                 of
                 which
                 abound
                 with
                 Figs
                 and
                 Olives
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Third
                 has
                 neither
                 ;
                 yet
                 breeds
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 those
                 Birds
                 they
                 call
                 M●leogrides
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 hence
                 you
                 sail
                 through
                 a
                 vast
                 Gulf
                 call'd
                 *
                 Filthy
                 ,
                 or
                 Acathartus
                 ,
                 and
                 near
                 unto
                 it
                 is
                 an
                 exceeding
                 deep
                 Current
                 ,
                 making
                 a
                 Peninsula
                 ,
                 carrying
                 Ships
                 through
                 a
                 narrow
                 straight
                 into
                 the
                 open
                 Sea
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 .
                 In
                 sailing
                 along
                 by
                 these
                 Places
                 ,
                 there
                 lies
                 an
                 Island
                 ,
                 surrounded
                 with
                 a
                 deep
                 Sea
                 ,
                 Fourscore
                 Furlongs
                 
                 in
                 length
                 ;
                 call'd
                 the
                 *
                 
                   Serpents
                   Island
                
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 in
                 former
                 times
                 it
                 abounded
                 
                 with
                 divers
                 sorts
                 of
                 dreadful
                 Serpents
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 after-times
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 diligence
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Alexandria
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 so
                 improv'd
                 ,
                 that
                 now
                 there
                 's
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 sign
                 of
                 any
                 such
                 Beast
                 there
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 's
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 omitted
                 for
                 what
                 Reason
                 this
                 Island
                 was
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 charge
                 improv'd
                 :
                 The
                 chief
                 reason
                 was
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 in
                 this
                 Island
                 was
                 found
                 the
                 Topaz
                 ,
                 a
                 resplendent
                 Stone
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 delightful
                 Aspect
                 ,
                 like
                 to
                 Glass
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 Golden
                 colour
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 admirable
                 brightness
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 all
                 were
                 forbidden
                 to
                 set
                 footing
                 upon
                 that
                 Place
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 landed
                 there
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 presently
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 by
                 the
                 Keepers
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 .
                 These
                 Keepers
                 were
                 few
                 ,
                 and
                 liv'd
                 a
                 most
                 miserable
                 Life
                 .
                 And
                 lest
                 the
                 Stones
                 should
                 be
                 stolen
                 and
                 carry'd
                 off
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 not
                 a
                 Ship
                 left
                 there
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 by
                 chance
                 pass
                 near
                 to
                 these
                 Places
                 ,
                 (
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 )
                 they
                 sail
                 away
                 as
                 far
                 off
                 as
                 they
                 can
                 .
                 The
                 Provision
                 that
                 is
                 imported
                 ,
                 is
                 commonly
                 soon
                 spent
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 's
                 nothing
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 that
                 grows
                 naturally
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 when
                 their
                 Store
                 grows
                 low
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Village
                 sit
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 waiting
                 and
                 longing
                 for
                 the
                 arrival
                 of
                 the
                 Provision
                 Ships
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 stay
                 longer
                 than
                 ordinary
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 are
                 driven
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 desperation
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Stone
                 grows
                 in
                 the
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 darken'd
                 by
                 the
                 brightness
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ;
                 it
                 's
                 not
                 seen
                 in
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 but
                 shines
                 bright
                 and
                 glorious
                 in
                 the
                 darkest
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 discovers
                 it self
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 .
                 The
                 Keepers
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 disperse
                 themselves
                 into
                 several
                 Places
                 to
                 search
                 for
                 this
                 stone
                 ,
                 and
                 whereever
                 it
                 appears
                 ,
                 they
                 mark
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Vessel
                 of
                 largeness
                 sufficient
                 to
                 cover
                 the
                 sparkling
                 Stone
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 Day
                 time
                 ,
                 go
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 out
                 the
                 Stone
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver
                 it
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 Artists
                 in
                 polishing
                 of
                 '
                 em
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 sailing
                 on
                 further
                 from
                 these
                 Parts
                 ,
                 appear
                 many
                 of
                 those
                 Nations
                 call'd
                 the
                 Ichthuophages
                 ,
                 dispers'd
                 along
                 the
                 Sea-shoar
                 ;
                 and
                 many
                 likewise
                 of
                 those
                 Troglodites
                 call'd
                 †
                 Nomades
                 ;
                 several
                 Mountains
                 likewise
                 present
                 themselves
                 in
                 this
                 Course
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Haven
                 call'd
                 *
                 Safe-Port
                 ,
                 which
                 gain'd
                 this
                 Name
                 from
                 some
                 Grecians
                 that
                 first
                 sail'd
                 into
                 these
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 arriv'd
                 safe
                 .
              
               
                 Thence
                 passing
                 on
                 ,
                 the
                 Gulf
                 begins
                 to
                 grow
                 narrower
                 ,
                 and
                 bends
                 its
                 Course
                 towards
                 Arabia
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 peculiar
                 property
                 of
                 the
                 Places
                 is
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 both
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Soyl
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 chang'd
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Land
                 appears
                 very
                 flat
                 and
                 low
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Hills
                 or
                 Rising
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Sea
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 muddy
                 and
                 green
                 all
                 over
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 not
                 above
                 †
                 Two
                 Fathom
                 and
                 an
                 half
                 deep
                 .
                 The
                 Greenness
                 there
                 is
                 not
                 ascrib'd
                 to
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 the
                 abundance
                 of
                 Moss
                 and
                 Sea-Grass
                 that
                 grows
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 ,
                 and
                 casts
                 their
                 Colour
                 through
                 the
                 Water
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 part
                 is
                 very
                 safe
                 and
                 commodious
                 for
                 small
                 Ships
                 with
                 Oars
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Sea
                 is
                 there
                 very
                 calm
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 roughness
                 of
                 the
                 Waves
                 for
                 many
                 Leagues
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 they
                 take
                 abundance
                 of
                 Fish
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Mariners
                 that
                 transport
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 run
                 into
                 great
                 and
                 desperate
                 Hazards
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 strong
                 built
                 Ships
                 they
                 use
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 depth
                 of
                 Water
                 they
                 draw
                 .
                 For
                 oftentimes
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 driven
                 by
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 the
                 Winds
                 ,
                 at
                 full
                 Sail
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 time
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 either
                 split
                 upon
                 the
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 or
                 stranded
                 upon
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 deep
                 sanded
                 Necks
                 of
                 Land
                 thereabouts
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 's
                 no
                 going
                 for
                 the
                 Mariners
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ship
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Ford
                 is
                 above
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 any
                 Man
                 :
                 Neither
                 can
                 they
                 force
                 the
                 Ship
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 forward
                 with
                 their
                 Poles
                 :
                 And
                 although
                 they
                 throw
                 all
                 over-board
                 but
                 their
                 Victuals
                 ;
                 yet
                 (
                 even
                 while
                 they
                 have
                 Provision
                 )
                 they
                 are
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 Extremities
                 ;
                 for
                 neither
                 Island
                 ,
                 Promontory
                 or
                 Ship
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 
                 in
                 these
                 Parts
                 ,
                 being
                 desert
                 ,
                 and
                 seldom
                 frequented
                 by
                 Mariners
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 Inconveniencies
                 ,
                 this
                 further
                 is
                 an
                 Addition
                 ,
                 the
                 violent
                 Waves
                 on
                 a
                 suddain
                 raise
                 up
                 such
                 heaps
                 of
                 Sand
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Channel
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 inclose
                 the
                 Ship
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 Men
                 on
                 purpose
                 had
                 fixt
                 it
                 to
                 some
                 Continent
                 :
                 Being
                 plung'd
                 into
                 this
                 Calamity
                 ,
                 at
                 first
                 they
                 only
                 gently
                 and
                 modestly
                 breath
                 out
                 their
                 Complaints
                 to
                 a
                 doleful
                 Wilderness
                 ,
                 which
                 regards
                 them
                 not
                 ,
                 yet
                 not
                 altogether
                 desparing
                 of
                 deliverance
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 often
                 by
                 the
                 raging
                 working
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 the
                 Ship
                 is
                 mounted
                 up
                 on
                 high
                 above
                 the
                 heaps
                 of
                 Sand
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 poor
                 Creatures
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 this
                 desperate
                 Condition
                 are
                 unexpectedly
                 (
                 as
                 by
                 some
                 God
                 ,
                 assisting
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 an
                 Engin
                 )
                 deliver'd
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 this
                 help
                 from
                 God
                 do
                 not
                 intervene
                 ,
                 when
                 their
                 Provision
                 grows
                 low
                 ,
                 the
                 stronger
                 throw
                 the
                 weaker
                 overboard
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Meat
                 that
                 is
                 left
                 may
                 last
                 the
                 longer
                 for
                 the
                 support
                 of
                 those
                 few
                 that
                 remain
                 :
                 But
                 at
                 length
                 ,
                 
                 when
                 all
                 hope
                 of
                 safety
                 is
                 gone
                 ,
                 and
                 Provision
                 spent
                 ,
                 these
                 few
                 die
                 far
                 more
                 miserably
                 than
                 those
                 that
                 perisht
                 before
                 .
                 For
                 these
                 in
                 a
                 moment
                 of
                 time
                 ,
                 give
                 up
                 that
                 Breath
                 which
                 Nature
                 had
                 given
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 those
                 (
                 by
                 prolonging
                 their
                 Misery
                 ,
                 and
                 dividing
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 their
                 Sorrows
                 into
                 several
                 parts
                 )
                 dye
                 at
                 last
                 with
                 more
                 lingering
                 Torments
                 .
                 The
                 Ships
                 being
                 in
                 this
                 miserable
                 manner
                 depriv'd
                 of
                 their
                 Pilots
                 and
                 Mariners
                 ,
                 continue
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 as
                 so
                 many
                 Solitary
                 Sepulchers
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 being
                 buried
                 in
                 heaps
                 of
                 Sand
                 ,
                 their
                 lofty
                 Masts
                 and
                 Main-Yards
                 remain
                 only
                 Spectacles
                 to
                 move
                 Compassion
                 in
                 them
                 that
                 see
                 them
                 afar
                 off
                 .
                 For
                 by
                 the
                 King's
                 Command
                 ,
                 the
                 Monuments
                 of
                 these
                 Misfortunes
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 toucht
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 to
                 remain
                 as
                 Sea-marks
                 to
                 Mariners
                 to
                 avoid
                 those
                 dangerous
                 Places
                 .
                 It
                 has
                 been
                 an
                 ancient
                 Report
                 among
                 the
                 Ichthuophages
                 (
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 those
                 Tracts
                 )
                 continu'd
                 down
                 to
                 them
                 from
                 their
                 Fore-fathers
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 a
                 mighty
                 reflux
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 (
                 which
                 hapned
                 in
                 former
                 days
                 )
                 where
                 the
                 Sea
                 is
                 thus
                 green
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Gulf
                 became
                 dry
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 appear'd
                 green
                 all
                 over
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Water
                 overflow'd
                 the
                 opposite
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Ground
                 being
                 thus
                 bare
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 lowest
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Gulf
                 ,
                 the
                 Water
                 by
                 an
                 
                 extraordinary
                 high
                 Tide
                 ,
                 return'd
                 again
                 into
                 the
                 ancient
                 Channel
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Navigation
                 from
                 *
                 Ptolemais
                 to
                 the
                 Promontary
                 of
                 Taurus
                 ,
                 has
                 been
                 describ'd
                 when
                 we
                 spoke
                 of
                 
                 Ptolemy's
                 Pleasure
                 in
                 hunting
                 of
                 Elephants
                 :
                 From
                 Taurus
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 turn
                 towards
                 the
                 East
                 .
              
               
                 Here
                 from
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Summer
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Winter
                 Solstice
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 Sun
                 casts
                 the
                 shadow
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 contrary
                 to
                 what
                 it
                 does
                 with
                 us
                 .
                 This
                 Country
                 is
                 water'd
                 with
                 Rivers
                 flowing
                 down
                 from
                 the
                 Psebarian
                 Mountains
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 call'd
                 )
                 and
                 is
                 divided
                 into
                 many
                 spacious
                 Plains
                 ,
                 which
                 produce
                 Mallows
                 ,
                 Cardanum
                 ,
                 and
                 extraordinary
                 Palm-Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 divers
                 other
                 Fruits
                 of
                 an
                 unsavory
                 Taste
                 ,
                 altogether
                 unknown
                 to
                 us
                 .
                 The
                 South
                 parts
                 of
                 this
                 Country
                 are
                 full
                 of
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 wild
                 Bulls
                 ,
                 Lions
                 and
                 other
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 .
                 In
                 passing
                 over
                 to
                 this
                 Coast
                 ,
                 there
                 lye
                 several
                 Islands
                 in
                 the
                 way
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 altogether
                 barren
                 as
                 to
                 any
                 Fruit
                 that
                 is
                 grateful
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 them
                 are
                 bred
                 strange
                 sorts
                 of
                 Birds
                 ,
                 and
                 wonderful
                 to
                 view
                 and
                 observe
                 .
                 From
                 hence
                 sailing
                 forward
                 ,
                 the
                 Sea
                 is
                 exceeding
                 deep
                 ,
                 and
                 abounds
                 with
                 mighty
                 great
                 Whales
                 ,
                 which
                 yet
                 do
                 no
                 harm
                 ,
                 unless
                 any
                 (
                 by
                 chance
                 )
                 run
                 upon
                 their
                 erected
                 Finns
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 cannot
                 pursue
                 the
                 Ships
                 ,
                 because
                 when
                 they
                 rise
                 up
                 towards
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 struck
                 blind
                 by
                 the
                 brightness
                 and
                 splendour
                 of
                 the
                 Sun.
                 These
                 are
                 the
                 utmost
                 Bounds
                 of
                 Troglodita
                 (
                 known
                 to
                 us
                 )
                 inviron'd
                 with
                 the
                 Psebarian
                 Promontaries
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 we
                 shall
                 pass
                 over
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Gulf
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 a
                 view
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Regions
                 lying
                 towards
                 Arabia
                 ,
                 beginning
                 again
                 at
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 which
                 is
                 call'd
                 †
                 Neptunium
                 ,
                 because
                 Ariston
                 erected
                 there
                 an
                 Altar
                 in
                 honour
                 of
                 Neptune
                 ,
                 when
                 Ptolemy
                 sent
                 him
                 to
                 discover
                 the
                 Arabian
                 Coast
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Ocean
                 .
                 From
                 thence
                 to
                 the
                 Month
                 of
                 the
                 Gulf
                 is
                 a
                 place
                 along
                 the
                 Sea-Coast
                 of
                 great
                 esteem
                 among
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 for
                 the
                 profit
                 it
                 yields
                 them
                 ;
                 it
                 's
                 call'd
                 the
                 Garden
                 of
                 Palm-Trees
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 abound
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 so
                 very
                 Fruitful
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 yield
                 sufficient
                 both
                 for
                 pleasure
                 and
                 necessity
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 whole
                 Country
                 next
                 adjoyning
                 ,
                 is
                 destitute
                 of
                 Rivers
                 and
                 Brooks
                 ,
                 and
                 lying
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 ,
                 is
                 even
                 burnt
                 up
                 with
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 *
                 this
                 fruitful
                 Tract
                 that
                 lies
                 amongst
                 dry
                 and
                 barren
                 Regions
                 (
                 far
                 remote
                 from
                 Tillage
                 and
                 Improvement
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 yet
                 affords
                 such
                 plenty
                 of
                 Food
                 and
                 Provision
                 ,
                 is
                 justly
                 by
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 dedicated
                 to
                 the
                 Gods.
                 For
                 there
                 are
                 in
                 it
                 many
                 Fountains
                 ,
                 and
                 running
                 Streams
                 as
                 cold
                 as
                 Snow
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 the
                 Region
                 from
                 one
                 side
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 is
                 always
                 green
                 and
                 flourishing
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 sweet
                 and
                 pleasant
                 to
                 the
                 view
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 place
                 there
                 's
                 an
                 ancient
                 Altar
                 of
                 hard
                 Stone
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Inscription
                 in
                 old
                 and
                 illegible
                 Characters
                 ;
                 where
                 a
                 Man
                 and
                 a
                 Woman
                 (
                 that
                 execute
                 here
                 the
                 Priests
                 Office
                 ,
                 during
                 their
                 Lives
                 )
                 have
                 the
                 charge
                 of
                 the
                 Grove
                 and
                 Altar
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 and
                 great
                 Men
                 that
                 abide
                 here
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 have
                 their
                 Beds
                 (
                 they
                 rest
                 upon
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 Trees
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Mariner
                 passing
                 by
                 this
                 Country
                 of
                 Palms
                 ,
                 arrives
                 at
                 an
                 Island
                 near
                 to
                 a
                 Promontory
                 of
                 the
                 Continent
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 †
                 Sea-Calves
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 great
                 multitudes
                 of
                 those
                 Creatures
                 that
                 frequent
                 this
                 Place
                 .
                 The
                 Sea
                 here
                 so
                 abounds
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 's
                 to
                 the
                 admiration
                 of
                 the
                 Beholders
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Promontory
                 that
                 shoots
                 out
                 towards
                 this
                 Island
                 ,
                 lies
                 over
                 against
                 Petra
                 in
                 Arabia
                 and
                 Palestine
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 that
                 the
                 Gerrheans
                 and
                 Mineans
                 ,
                 bring
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 higher
                 Arabia
                 ,
                 Frankincense
                 and
                 other
                 odoriferous
                 Gums
                 into
                 this
                 Island
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Coast
                 next
                 adjoining
                 ,
                 has
                 been
                 anciently
                 inhabited
                 by
                 the
                 Marranians
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 by
                 the
                 Garyndaneans
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 ,
                 who
                 got
                 possession
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 the
                 Festival
                 celebrated
                 every
                 Fifth
                 Year
                 in
                 the
                 Palm
                 Country
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 Concourse
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Neighbours
                 meet
                 together
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 ;
                 both
                 to
                 Sacrifice
                 Stall-fed
                 Camels
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 of
                 the
                 Grove
                 ;
                 and
                 likewise
                 to
                 carry
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Spring-water
                 that
                 rises
                 there
                 ,
                 back
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 say
                 is
                 Physical
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Garyndanians
                 taking
                 the
                 opportunity
                 when
                 the
                 Marranians
                 were
                 gone
                 to
                 the
                 Feast
                 ,
                 cut
                 the
                 Throats
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 remain'd
                 at
                 Home
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 in
                 wait
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 return'd
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 their
                 way
                 homeward
                 ,
                 slew
                 all
                 them
                 likewise
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 Country
                 being
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 depopulated
                 ,
                 they
                 divided
                 that
                 fruitful
                 Region
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 rich
                 Pastures
                 for
                 Flocks
                 and
                 Herds
                 ,
                 by
                 Lot
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 this
                 Coast
                 has
                 very
                 few
                 Harbours
                 in
                 it
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 many
                 vast
                 Mountains
                 that
                 lye
                 all
                 along
                 as
                 they
                 sail
                 ;
                 from
                 whence
                 is
                 presented
                 to
                 the
                 view
                 ,
                 such
                 variety
                 of
                 Colours
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 afford
                 a
                 most
                 wonderful
                 and
                 delightful
                 Prospect
                 to
                 the
                 Passengers
                 at
                 Sea
                 as
                 they
                 sail
                 along
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Promontory
                 of
                 Alainites
                 next
                 salutes
                 them
                 that
                 sail
                 on
                 forward
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 
                 Towns
                 and
                 Villages
                 inhabited
                 by
                 the
                 Arabians
                 call'd
                 Nabateans
                 :
                 They
                 possess
                 a
                 large
                 Country
                 all
                 along
                 the
                 Sea-Coast
                 ,
                 and
                 go
                 far
                 likewise
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Land
                 :
                 This
                 Tract
                 is
                 very
                 Populous
                 ,
                 and
                 exceeding
                 rich
                 in
                 Cattel
                 .
                 Once
                 they
                 liv'd
                 justly
                 and
                 honestly
                 ,
                 content
                 with
                 the
                 Sustenance
                 they
                 had
                 from
                 their
                 Flocks
                 and
                 Herds
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 that
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 *
                 Alexandria
                 allow'd
                 liberty
                 to
                 Merchants
                 to
                 traffick
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Red
                   Sea
                
                 ,
                 they
                 not
                 only
                 rob'd
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 Shipwrackt
                 ,
                 but
                 provided
                 little
                 Skiffs
                 ,
                 and
                 acted
                 the
                 Pyrats
                 ,
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 all
                 other
                 Merchants
                 that
                 traffickt
                 in
                 those
                 Seas
                 ,
                 imitating
                 the
                 Taurians
                 of
                 Pontus
                 in
                 cruelty
                 and
                 inhumanity
                 .
                 But
                 afterwards
                 being
                 beaten
                 in
                 a
                 Fight
                 at
                 Sea
                 by
                 some
                 Gallies
                 sent
                 out
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 punish'd
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Demerits
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 passing
                 of
                 these
                 Tracts
                 ,
                 follows
                 a
                 flat
                 Champain
                 Country
                 ,
                 water'd
                 in
                 every
                 part
                 ,
                 which
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 many
                 Springs
                 and
                 Fountains
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 it
                 )
                 abounds
                 in
                 rich
                 Pastures
                 ,
                 and
                 produces
                 great
                 plenty
                 of
                 †
                 Medica
                 and
                 Lotus
                 ,
                 as
                 high
                 as
                 a
                 Man.
                 Here
                 in
                 these
                 Pastures
                 are
                 fed
                 not
                 only
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 Cattel
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 wild
                 Camels
                 ,
                 Harts
                 ,
                 Red
                 and
                 Fallow
                 Deer
                 .
                 This
                 extraordinary
                 Plenty
                 ,
                 invites
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Deserts
                 ,
                 Lions
                 ,
                 Wolves
                 and
                 Leopards
                 ,
                 with
                 whom
                 the
                 Shepherds
                 and
                 Herdsmen
                 are
                 forc'd
                 to
                 have
                 Conflicts
                 Night
                 and
                 Day
                 for
                 the
                 preservation
                 of
                 their
                 Flocks
                 and
                 Herds
                 :
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 richness
                 of
                 the
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 occasions
                 Mischief
                 and
                 Prejudice
                 .
                 For
                 Nature
                 often
                 distributes
                 her
                 Gifts
                 with
                 a
                 mixture
                 of
                 good
                 and
                 evil
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 sailing
                 further
                 along
                 by
                 this
                 Champain
                 Country
                 ,
                 the
                 Gulf
                 offers
                 to
                 the
                 view
                 something
                 strange
                 and
                 wonderful
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 shoots
                 up
                 with
                 a
                 bending
                 Course
                 into
                 the
                 Inland
                 Parts
                 ,
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 wall'd
                 in
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 with
                 high
                 and
                 steep
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 both
                 the
                 Entrance
                 and
                 Passage
                 is
                 very
                 difficult
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Rocks
                 that
                 lye
                 under
                 Water
                 ,
                 so
                 stop
                 up
                 the
                 Entrance
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 's
                 scarce
                 possible
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 Gulf
                 ,
                 or
                 come
                 out
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 continual
                 dashing
                 of
                 the
                 Floods
                 with
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 the
                 Winds
                 beating
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 it
                 foams
                 terribly
                 ,
                 and
                 rages
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 the
                 Rock
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 People
                 that
                 inhabit
                 these
                 Parts
                 ,
                 are
                 call'd
                 Bizomenians
                 ,
                 and
                 live
                 upon
                 wild
                 
                 Beasts
                 taken
                 in
                 hunting
                 .
                 Here
                 's
                 a
                 Sacred
                 Temple
                 in
                 high
                 veneration
                 among
                 all
                 the
                 Arabians
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 the
                 Shoar
                 of
                 these
                 Tracts
                 ,
                 are
                 adjoining
                 Three
                 Islands
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 many
                 Ports
                 :
                 The
                 first
                 which
                 is
                 Desert
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 is
                 consecrated
                 to
                 Isis
                 .
                 There
                 remain
                 the
                 Foundations
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 Buildings
                 and
                 Pillars
                 ,
                 whereon
                 are
                 Inscriptions
                 in
                 barbarous
                 Characters
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 are
                 as
                 much
                 defac'd
                 and
                 ruin'd
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 are
                 shaded
                 with
                 Olive
                 Trees
                 planted
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 much
                 different
                 from
                 ours
                 .
              
               
                 Beyond
                 these
                 Islands
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 steep
                 Rocks
                 hard
                 to
                 pass
                 all
                 along
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Furlongs
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 's
                 neither
                 Port
                 nor
                 Ancorage
                 for
                 Ships
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 Wood
                 which
                 can
                 afford
                 any
                 necessary
                 Relief
                 to
                 Mariners
                 ,
                 be
                 they
                 in
                 never
                 so
                 great
                 wants
                 and
                 extremities
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 Shoar
                 adjoins
                 a
                 Mountain
                 
                 roof'd
                 over
                 with
                 craggy
                 Rocks
                 of
                 a
                 stupendious
                 height
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 foot
                 ,
                 are
                 many
                 sharp
                 Shelves
                 which
                 lye
                 under
                 water
                 ;
                 and
                 behind
                 them
                 ,
                 many
                 winding
                 Hollows
                 ,
                 worn
                 wide
                 by
                 the
                 raging
                 Waves
                 dashing
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Sea
                 being
                 very
                 deep
                 ,
                 when
                 a
                 Storm
                 beats
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Water
                 rebounds
                 ,
                 they
                 make
                 a
                 noise
                 like
                 a
                 mighty
                 Thunder
                 ;
                 and
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Waves
                 dashing
                 against
                 those
                 huge
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 mount
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 Curl
                 ,
                 and
                 foam
                 to
                 admiration
                 ;
                 and
                 part
                 being
                 swallow'd
                 up
                 within
                 these
                 Caverns
                 ,
                 cause
                 such
                 a
                 terrible
                 Whirlpool
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 that
                 are
                 driven
                 (
                 against
                 their
                 wills
                 )
                 near
                 to
                 these
                 Places
                 ,
                 are
                 ready
                 to
                 dye
                 for
                 Fear
                 .
                 The
                 Arabians
                 call'd
                 Thamudenians
                 inhabit
                 this
                 Coast
                 .
              
               
                 Next
                 adjoining
                 to
                 this
                 Perilous
                 Sea
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 mighty
                 great
                 Gulf
                 ,
                 which
                 washes
                 many
                 Islands
                 disper'd
                 in
                 it
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 to
                 the
                 view
                 ,
                 not
                 much
                 unlike
                 to
                 the
                 *
                 Echinades
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 along
                 this
                 Coast
                 which
                 is
                 very
                 long
                 and
                 broad
                 ,
                 lye
                 high
                 Heaps
                 of
                 black
                 Sand.
                 
              
               
                 Thence
                 sailing
                 forward
                 ,
                 is
                 presented
                 to
                 the
                 view
                 ,
                 a
                 †
                 Peninsula
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 Port
                 of
                 any
                 mention'd
                 by
                 Historians
                 call'd
                 *
                 Carmutha
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 lies
                 under
                 a
                 large
                 Key
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Gulf
                 as
                 it
                 inclines
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 wonderfully
                 pleasant
                 to
                 the
                 view
                 ,
                 but
                 far
                 more
                 commodious
                 than
                 any
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Woody
                 Mountain
                 hangs
                 over
                 it
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 compass
                 .
                 The
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Haven
                 is
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Foot
                 broad
                 ,
                 affording
                 a
                 very
                 calm
                 and
                 safe
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 where
                 Two
                 Thousand
                 Sail
                 may
                 ride
                 :
                 The
                 Water
                 moreover
                 is
                 exceeding
                 good
                 and
                 sweet
                 ,
                 a
                 large
                 River
                 emptying
                 itself
                 into
                 it
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 it
                 lies
                 an
                 Island
                 full
                 of
                 good
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 fit
                 for
                 gardening
                 .
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 in
                 every
                 respect
                 like
                 to
                 the
                 Port
                 at
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Cothon
                 ,
                 the
                 Commodiousness
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 shall
                 speak
                 of
                 in
                 its
                 proper
                 place
                 .
                 By
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 quietness
                 and
                 sweetness
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 abundance
                 of
                 Fish
                 come
                 into
                 it
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ocean
                 .
              
               
                 Sailing
                 forward
                 ,
                 appear
                 Five
                 exceeding
                 high
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 spiring
                 up
                 like
                 the
                 
                 Pyramids
                 of
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 so
                 close
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 all
                 united
                 into
                 one
                 at
                 the
                 Point
                 :
                 Thence
                 the
                 Gulf
                 appears
                 in
                 a
                 round
                 Form
                 ,
                 surrounded
                 with
                 large
                 and
                 high
                 Promontories
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 very
                 middle
                 of
                 which
                 rises
                 a
                 Hill
                 ,
                 in
                 form
                 of
                 a
                 Table
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 stand
                 three
                 Temples
                 of
                 a
                 wonderful
                 Height
                 ,
                 dedicated
                 to
                 Gods
                 unknown
                 indeed
                 to
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 great
                 honour
                 and
                 veneration
                 with
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 Hence
                 the
                 Coast
                 shoots
                 out
                 forward
                 a
                 long
                 way
                 ,
                 abounding
                 with
                 Fountains
                 and
                 fresh
                 Water
                 .
                 On
                 this
                 Coast
                 is
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Chabnus
                 ,
                 cover'd
                 over
                 with
                 divers
                 shady
                 Woods
                 .
                 The
                 Country
                 lying
                 at
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 the
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 is
                 inhabited
                 by
                 Arabians
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Debae
                 ,
                 who
                 imploy
                 themselves
                 in
                 feeding
                 Herds
                 of
                 Camels
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 make
                 use
                 
                 of
                 in
                 their
                 most
                 weighty
                 Concerns
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 ride
                 upon
                 these
                 when
                 they
                 charge
                 their
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 carry
                 upon
                 them
                 their
                 Victuals
                 ,
                 and
                 use
                 them
                 upon
                 every
                 speedy
                 dispatch
                 ;
                 they
                 drink
                 their
                 Milk
                 ,
                 and
                 feed
                 upon
                 their
                 Flesh
                 ;
                 and
                 with
                 their
                 Dromedary
                 Camels
                 ,
                 they
                 presently
                 run
                 over
                 all
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 There
                 runs
                 a
                 River
                 through
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 which
                 carries
                 along
                 with
                 it
                 such
                 abundance
                 of
                 Golden
                 Sand
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 it
                 where
                 it
                 falls
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 the
                 Soil
                 seems
                 to
                 shine
                 and
                 glister
                 like
                 Gold
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 making
                 and
                 refining
                 of
                 Gold
                 is
                 altogether
                 unknown
                 to
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 They
                 entertain
                 not
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 the
                 Beotians
                 and
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 familiarity
                 of
                 Hercules
                 with
                 this
                 Nation
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 have
                 fabulously
                 receiv'd
                 it
                 from
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Region
                 next
                 adjoining
                 to
                 this
                 ,
                 is
                 inhabited
                 by
                 the
                 Alilaeans
                 and
                 Gasandians
                 ,
                 
                 another
                 People
                 of
                 Arabia
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 so
                 burning
                 hot
                 as
                 those
                 near
                 unto
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 often
                 cover'd
                 with
                 thick
                 Clouds
                 ,
                 whence
                 fall
                 Snow
                 ,
                 and
                 seasonable
                 Showers
                 ,
                 which
                 moderate
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Air.
                 The
                 Land
                 there
                 is
                 rich
                 ,
                 and
                 capable
                 of
                 bringing
                 forth
                 any
                 kind
                 of
                 Grain
                 or
                 Fruit
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 but
                 through
                 the
                 unskilfulness
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 who
                 addict
                 themselves
                 chiefly
                 to
                 Fishing
                 ,
                 the
                 Ground
                 is
                 not
                 till'd
                 and
                 improv'd
                 as
                 it
                 ought
                 .
                 Abundance
                 of
                 Gold
                 is
                 got
                 there
                 out
                 of
                 several
                 Hollows
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 not
                 refin'd
                 by
                 melting
                 of
                 little
                 Pieces
                 ,
                 but
                 growing
                 there
                 pure
                 naturally
                 ,
                 which
                 from
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 call'd
                 †
                 Apyros
                 .
                 The
                 least
                 Piece
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 an
                 ordinary
                 Nut-Kernel
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 not
                 much
                 bigger
                 than
                 a
                 large
                 Nut.
                 The
                 Inhabitants
                 wear
                 them
                 about
                 their
                 Arms
                 and
                 Necks
                 ,
                 interlac'd
                 with
                 several
                 bright
                 sparkling
                 Stones
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 they
                 abound
                 in
                 Gold
                 ,
                 so
                 they
                 are
                 as
                 much
                 wanting
                 in
                 Iron
                 and
                 Brass
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 they
                 exchange
                 Gold
                 with
                 the
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 like
                 weight
                 in
                 Iron
                 and
                 Brass
                 .
              
               
               
                 Next
                 to
                 these
                 inhabit
                 those
                 Arabians
                 call'd
                 Carbi
                 ,
                 and
                 next
                 to
                 them
                 the
                 Sabeans
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 most
                 populous
                 of
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Arabians
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 possess
                 Arabia
                 the
                 Happy
                 ,
                 exceeding
                 rich
                 in
                 all
                 those
                 things
                 which
                 we
                 esteem
                 most
                 precious
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 breeding
                 of
                 Cattel
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 fertil
                 Country
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 whole
                 Country
                 is
                 naturally
                 perfum'd
                 all
                 over
                 ,
                 every
                 thing
                 almost
                 growing
                 there
                 ,
                 sending
                 forth
                 continually
                 most
                 excellent
                 Odours
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 grow
                 Balsom
                 and
                 Cassia
                 ,
                 and
                 another
                 Herb
                 of
                 a
                 strange
                 and
                 peculiar
                 property
                 ,
                 which
                 while
                 it
                 's
                 fresh
                 ,
                 is
                 delightsom
                 and
                 strengthening
                 to
                 the
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 but
                 kept
                 a
                 while
                 ,
                 presently
                 loses
                 its
                 virtue
                 .
                 Higher
                 in
                 the
                 heart
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 are
                 shady
                 Woods
                 and
                 Forests
                 ,
                 grac'd
                 and
                 beautify'd
                 with
                 stately
                 Trees
                 of
                 Frankincence
                 and
                 Myrrh
                 ,
                 Palm-Trees
                 ,
                 Calamus
                 and
                 Cinamon
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 Odoriferous
                 Plants
                 .
                 For
                 none
                 can
                 enumerate
                 the
                 several
                 natures
                 and
                 properties
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 multitude
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 
                 excellency
                 of
                 those
                 sweet
                 Odours
                 that
                 breath
                 out
                 of
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 their
                 Fragrancy
                 is
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 even
                 ravishes
                 the
                 Senses
                 with
                 delight
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 thing
                 divine
                 and
                 unutterable
                 ;
                 it
                 entertains
                 them
                 that
                 sail
                 along
                 by
                 the
                 Coast
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 with
                 its
                 Pleasures
                 and
                 Delights
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 Spring-time
                 the
                 Winds
                 from
                 off
                 the
                 Land
                 waft
                 the
                 Air
                 perfum'd
                 with
                 the
                 sweet
                 Odours
                 of
                 Mirrh
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Odoriferous
                 Plants
                 ,
                 to
                 those
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 that
                 are
                 next
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 Spices
                 have
                 nothing
                 of
                 a
                 faint
                 and
                 languishing
                 Smell
                 ,
                 as
                 those
                 that
                 come
                 to
                 our
                 Hands
                 ;
                 but
                 a
                 strong
                 and
                 vigorous
                 Odour
                 that
                 strongly
                 pierces
                 all
                 their
                 Senses
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 of
                 their
                 Capacity
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Wafts
                 of
                 Air
                 dispersing
                 the
                 Perfumes
                 of
                 these
                 Odoriferous
                 Plants
                 ,
                 abundance
                 of
                 pleasant
                 ,
                 healthful
                 and
                 strange
                 variety
                 of
                 Scents
                 (
                 proceeding
                 from
                 the
                 richest
                 Spices
                 )
                 are
                 convey'd
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 Sail
                 near
                 unto
                 the
                 Coast
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 sweet
                 smell
                 ,
                 comes
                 not
                 from
                 Fruit
                 bruis'd
                 in
                 a
                 Mortar
                 (
                 whose
                 strength
                 is
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 measure
                 decay'd
                 )
                 or
                 from
                 Spices
                 made
                 up
                 in
                 divers
                 sorts
                 of
                 Vessels
                 for
                 Transportation
                 ;
                 but
                 from
                 the
                 ripeness
                 of
                 the
                 Fruit
                 as
                 it
                 grows
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 the
                 pure
                 and
                 divine
                 Nature
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 it self
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 they
                 that
                 have
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 these
                 sweet
                 Odours
                 ,
                 seem
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 entertain'd
                 with
                 that
                 feign'd
                 Meat
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 call'd
                 Ambrosia
                 ;
                 since
                 those
                 excellent
                 Perfumes
                 cannot
                 have
                 a
                 Name
                 ascrib'd
                 them
                 transcending
                 their
                 worth
                 and
                 dignity
                 .
              
               
                 Yet
                 Fortune
                 has
                 not
                 imparted
                 to
                 Men
                 an
                 intire
                 and
                 unmixt
                 Felicily
                 in
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 but
                 has
                 join'd
                 some
                 inconveniences
                 with
                 these
                 Advantages
                 ,
                 to
                 correct
                 them
                 who
                 (
                 through
                 a
                 constant
                 Confluence
                 of
                 Earthly
                 Blessings
                 )
                 have
                 usually
                 despis'd
                 and
                 slighted
                 the
                 Gods.
                 For
                 these
                 fragrant
                 Forests
                 abound
                 with
                 ‖
                 Red
                 Serpents
                 of
                 a
                 Span
                 long
                 ,
                 whose
                 Bite
                 is
                 deadly
                 and
                 incurable
                 .
                 They
                 strike
                 a
                 Man
                 with
                 a
                 violent
                 Assault
                 ,
                 leaping
                 up
                 in
                 his
                 very
                 Face
                 ,
                 leaving
                 him
                 besmear'd
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Blood.
                 
              
               
                 There
                 's
                 something
                 very
                 remarkable
                 amongst
                 these
                 People
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 have
                 been
                 long
                 sick
                 :
                 For
                 being
                 that
                 things
                 of
                 a
                 more
                 than
                 ordinary
                 piercing
                 operation
                 pass
                 quick
                 through
                 the
                 Pores
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 discuss
                 the
                 stubborn
                 Matter
                 ,
                 there
                 follows
                 a
                 dissipation
                 of
                 Humours
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Party
                 becomes
                 curable
                 :
                 Therefore
                 they
                 burn
                 Brimstone
                 mixt
                 with
                 Goats
                 Hair
                 under
                 the
                 Noses
                 of
                 the
                 Sick
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 a
                 contrary
                 smell
                 they
                 may
                 discuss
                 and
                 drive
                 out
                 those
                 sweet
                 and
                 fragrant
                 Odours
                 that
                 have
                 overpower'd
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 the
                 Sick
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 good
                 in
                 it self
                 ,
                 is
                 profitable
                 and
                 delightful
                 ,
                 us'd
                 moderately
                 and
                 seasonably
                 ;
                 but
                 an
                 immoderate
                 injoyment
                 ,
                 and
                 beyond
                 a
                 due
                 proportion
                 of
                 time
                 loses
                 the
                 benefit
                 and
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Blessing
                 bestow'd
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Capital
                 City
                 of
                 this
                 Nation
                 is
                 call'd
                 *
                 Sabas
                 ,
                 and
                 stands
                 upon
                 an
                 high
                 Hill
                 :
                 They
                 are
                 govern'd
                 by
                 Kings
                 who
                 inherit
                 the
                 Crown
                 by
                 Descent
                 ;
                 yet
                 the
                 Honour
                 allow'd
                 them
                 by
                 their
                 Subjects
                 is
                 such
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 in
                 some
                 respects
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 in
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Bondage
                 and
                 Slavery
                 :
                 For
                 though
                 they
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 priviledg'd
                 in
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 a
                 Sovereign
                 and
                 absolute
                 power
                 in
                 making
                 of
                 Laws
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 any
                 of
                 their
                 Actions
                 to
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ;
                 yet
                 they
                 are
                 as
                 unhappy
                 in
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 never
                 to
                 stir
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Palace
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 they
                 do
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 stone
                 them
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 for
                 so
                 they
                 are
                 commanded
                 by
                 an
                 ancient
                 Oracle
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Nation
                 net
                 only
                 excels
                 all
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Barbarians
                 in
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 other
                 People
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 for
                 plenty
                 of
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 is
                 accounted
                 precious
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 their
                 Traffick
                 for
                 a
                 thing
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 small
                 weight
                 ,
                 they
                 receive
                 a
                 greater
                 Sum
                 of
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 any
                 other
                 Merchants
                 that
                 sell
                 Goods
                 for
                 Silver
                 .
              
               
               
                 Being
                 therefore
                 that
                 they
                 never
                 were
                 conquer'd
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 largeness
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 they
                 flow
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 in
                 Streams
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ,
                 especially
                 at
                 Sabas
                 ,
                 the
                 Seat
                 Royal
                 of
                 their
                 Kings
                 :
                 Their
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 their
                 Cups
                 are
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 their
                 Beds
                 ,
                 Chairs
                 and
                 Stools
                 have
                 their
                 Feet
                 of
                 Silver
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 their
                 Houshold-stuff
                 is
                 so
                 sumptuous
                 and
                 magnificent
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 's
                 incredible
                 .
                 The
                 Portico's
                 of
                 their
                 Houses
                 and
                 Temples
                 ,
                 are
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 overlaid
                 with
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 Silver
                 Statues
                 are
                 plac'd
                 upon
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Chapiters
                 of
                 the
                 Temples
                 .
                 The
                 Doors
                 and
                 Roofs
                 of
                 their
                 inner
                 Rooms
                 ,
                 are
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 many
                 Golden
                 Bowls
                 ,
                 set
                 with
                 pretious
                 Stones
                 .
                 The
                 like
                 wonderful
                 cost
                 they
                 are
                 
                 at
                 throughout
                 their
                 whole
                 Building
                 ,
                 adorning
                 them
                 in
                 some
                 Parts
                 with
                 Silver
                 and
                 Gold
                 ,
                 in
                 others
                 with
                 Ivory
                 and
                 precious
                 Stones
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 of
                 great
                 value
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 have
                 injoy'd
                 a
                 constant
                 and
                 uninterrupted
                 Peace
                 for
                 many
                 Ages
                 and
                 Generations
                 ,
                 being
                 very
                 far
                 remote
                 from
                 those
                 whose
                 Covetousness
                 prompts
                 them
                 to
                 advance
                 their
                 Gain
                 by
                 the
                 Riches
                 of
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Sea
                 there
                 ,
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 white
                 colour
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 a
                 Man
                 may
                 as
                 justly
                 wonder
                 at
                 the
                 strangeness
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 ,
                 as
                 be
                 inquisitive
                 what
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 cause
                 .
              
               
                 Near
                 hereunto
                 are
                 the
                 
                   Fortunate
                   Islands
                
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 wall'd
                 Towns
                 ;
                 where
                 all
                 the
                 
                 Sheep
                 and
                 Cattel
                 are
                 exceeding
                 white
                 ,
                 and
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 Females
                 bear
                 any
                 Horns
                 .
                 The
                 Merchants
                 from
                 all
                 parts
                 resort
                 to
                 these
                 Islands
                 ,
                 especially
                 from
                 Potana
                 ,
                 built
                 by
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Great
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Indus
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 might
                 be
                 a
                 commodious
                 Port
                 Town
                 for
                 shipping
                 upon
                 those
                 Coasts
                 :
                 But
                 of
                 this
                 Country
                 and
                 its
                 Inhabitants
                 we
                 have
                 said
                 enough
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 we
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 omit
                 what
                 Wonders
                 are
                 seen
                 there
                 in
                 the
                 Heavens
                 :
                 What
                 is
                 said
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 North
                 Pole
                 ,
                 is
                 greatly
                 to
                 be
                 admir'd
                 ,
                 and
                 puts
                 all
                 Mariners
                 at
                 a
                 stand
                 .
                 For
                 during
                 the
                 Month
                 which
                 the
                 Athenians
                 call
                 †
                 Memacterion
                 ,
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 Seven
                 Stars
                 are
                 seen
                 about
                 the
                 Bear
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 first
                 Watch
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 *
                 Posidion
                 not
                 till
                 the
                 Second
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 following
                 Months
                 ,
                 few
                 of
                 these
                 (
                 i'ts
                 said
                 )
                 are
                 seen
                 by
                 them
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Planets
                 at
                 all
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 greater
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 their
                 rising
                 ,
                 than
                 they
                 do
                 with
                 us
                 ;
                 others
                 not
                 to
                 rise
                 and
                 set
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 .
                 Nor
                 that
                 the
                 Sun
                 (
                 as
                 with
                 us
                 )
                 enlightens
                 the
                 Air
                 upon
                 the
                 approach
                 of
                 it's
                 rising
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 while
                 its
                 dark
                 night
                 ,
                 strangely
                 and
                 on
                 a
                 suddain
                 appears
                 ,
                 darting
                 forth
                 his
                 refulgent
                 Rays
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 there
                 both
                 Day
                 and
                 Sun
                 appears
                 together
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 it
                 rises
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 like
                 a
                 burning
                 Coal
                 ,
                 and
                 shoots
                 forth
                 great
                 Sparks
                 of
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 appears
                 not
                 in
                 a
                 round
                 form
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 seems
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 us
                 )
                 but
                 like
                 to
                 a
                 Pillar
                 something
                 thicker
                 than
                 ordinary
                 towards
                 the
                 Head
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 shines
                 not
                 bright
                 ,
                 nor
                 casts
                 forth
                 any
                 Rays
                 till
                 one
                 a
                 Clock
                 ,
                 but
                 glows
                 like
                 Fire
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 without
                 Light
                 ;
                 at
                 Two
                 a
                 Clock
                 it
                 resembles
                 the
                 form
                 of
                 a
                 Shield
                 ,
                 and
                 sends
                 forth
                 on
                 a
                 suddain
                 ,
                 a
                 fiery
                 scorching
                 Light
                 ,
                 even
                 to
                 admiration
                 .
                 But
                 near
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 it's
                 setting
                 ,
                 it's
                 effects
                 are
                 contrary
                 ;
                 for
                 during
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Two
                 (
                 or
                 as
                 Agatharchides
                 of
                 Cnidus
                 says
                 )
                 Three
                 Hours
                 before
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 pleasant
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Day
                 to
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 )
                 he
                 both
                 inlightens
                 the
                 World
                 by
                 his
                 Rays
                 ,
                 and
                 abates
                 in
                 his
                 Heat
                 as
                 he
                 sets
                 by
                 degrees
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   West
                   ,
                   South
                   ,
                   North-west
                
                 and
                 East
                 Winds
                 ,
                 blow
                 here
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 other
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 South
                 Winds
                 never
                 blow
                 ,
                 nor
                 are
                 ever
                 known
                 in
                 Ethiopia
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 Troglodita
                 and
                 Arabia
                 ,
                 the
                 South
                 Winds
                 are
                 so
                 exceeding
                 hot
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 sometimes
                 set
                 whole
                 Woods
                 on
                 Fire
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 run
                 into
                 their
                 Cottages
                 for
                 shelter
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 faint
                 and
                 pine
                 away
                 with
                 Heat
                 ;
                 therefore
                 North
                 Winds
                 are
                 justly
                 judg'd
                 the
                 best
                 ,
                 which
                 run
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 always
                 cool
                 and
                 refreshing
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 now
                 given
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 these
                 Countries
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 well
                 agree
                 with
                 the
                 
                 Course
                 of
                 our
                 History
                 ,
                 to
                 describe
                 Lybia
                 ,
                 bordering
                 upon
                 Egypt
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 Cyren
                 ,
                 the
                 Syrtes
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Mid-lands
                 ,
                 inhabit
                 Four
                 sorts
                 of
                 Africans
                 :
                 Those
                 call'd
                 Nasomones
                 possess
                 the
                 Parts
                 towards
                 the
                 South
                 ;
                 the
                 Auchises
                 the
                 West
                 :
                 The
                 Marmarides
                 inhabit
                 that
                 large
                 Tract
                 lying
                 between
                 Cyrene
                 and
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Sea-Coast
                 :
                 The
                 Macae
                 the
                 most
                 populous
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 have
                 their
                 Habitations
                 near
                 the
                 Syrtes
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 of
                 these
                 before-mention'd
                 People
                 are
                 Husband-men
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 Fertil
                 
                 Lands
                 ,
                 fit
                 for
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Tillage
                 :
                 Others
                 are
                 Shepherds
                 and
                 Herdsmen
                 ,
                 who
                 imploy
                 themselves
                 in
                 feeding
                 of
                 Cattel
                 ,
                 and
                 maintain
                 themselves
                 and
                 Families
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 .
                 Both
                 sorts
                 are
                 under
                 a
                 Kingly
                 Government
                 ,
                 not
                 living
                 altogether
                 like
                 
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 or
                 unciviliz'd
                 .
                 A
                 Third
                 sort
                 there
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 neither
                 subject
                 to
                 any
                 King
                 ,
                 nor
                 have
                 any
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 good
                 or
                 bad
                 ,
                 or
                 regard
                 to
                 right
                 or
                 wrong
                 ,
                 but
                 live
                 continually
                 upon
                 Spoil
                 and
                 Robbery
                 :
                 They
                 make
                 suddain
                 Eruptions
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Deserts
                 :
                 These
                 rob
                 and
                 steal
                 whatever
                 is
                 in
                 their
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 presently
                 make
                 away
                 back
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 lurking
                 Holes
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 these
                 rude
                 Lybians
                 lye
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 live
                 like
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 contriving
                 how
                 they
                 may
                 be
                 most
                 cruel
                 :
                 They
                 affect
                 neither
                 Dainty
                 Food
                 ,
                 nor
                 Civil
                 Rayment
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 cloath'd
                 in
                 Goats
                 Skins
                 .
              
               
                 Their
                 Princes
                 have
                 neither
                 City
                 or
                 Town
                 ,
                 but
                 live
                 in
                 †
                 Castles
                 near
                 Rivers
                 sides
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 lay
                 up
                 all
                 their
                 Stores
                 .
                 They
                 command
                 all
                 their
                 Subjects
                 once
                 a
                 Year
                 to
                 take
                 an
                 Oath
                 of
                 Allegiance
                 :
                 Those
                 that
                 are
                 obedient
                 and
                 observant
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 protect
                 as
                 Friends
                 and
                 Associates
                 :
                 Those
                 that
                 refuse
                 to
                 submit
                 ,
                 they
                 condemn
                 to
                 dye
                 ,
                 and
                 prosecute
                 them
                 with
                 Fire
                 and
                 Sword
                 ,
                 as
                 Thieves
                 and
                 Robbers
                 .
                 Their
                 Arms
                 are
                 suitable
                 to
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 and
                 their
                 own
                 Disposition
                 ;
                 for
                 being
                 nimble
                 ,
                 and
                 inhabiting
                 a
                 Country
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 Champain
                 ,
                 they
                 go
                 to
                 the
                 Field
                 in
                 times
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 each
                 with
                 their
                 Darts
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Bag
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Stones
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 use
                 neither
                 Sword
                 nor
                 Helmet
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 other
                 Arms
                 ,
                 but
                 make
                 it
                 chiefly
                 their
                 Business
                 to
                 be
                 quick
                 and
                 nimble
                 in
                 pursuing
                 and
                 retreating
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 are
                 very
                 active
                 in
                 running
                 ,
                 and
                 slinging
                 of
                 Stones
                 ;
                 Care
                 and
                 continual
                 Exercise
                 improving
                 natural
                 Habits
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 neither
                 just
                 nor
                 faithful
                 to
                 Strangers
                 in
                 any
                 of
                 their
                 Compacts
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Country
                 about
                 Cyrene
                 is
                 a
                 fat
                 Soyl
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 Fertile
                 :
                 It
                 not
                 only
                 abounds
                 in
                 Corn
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 Wine
                 and
                 Oyl
                 ,
                 Fruit-Trees
                 and
                 Pastures
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 water'd
                 with
                 many
                 Rivers
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 those
                 Parts
                 that
                 lye
                 far
                 South
                 ,
                 are
                 barren
                 and
                 dry
                 ,
                 without
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 look
                 like
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 variety
                 of
                 Objects
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 Waste
                 and
                 Desert
                 ;
                 over
                 which
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 possibility
                 of
                 passing
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 there
                 's
                 neither
                 Bird
                 ,
                 nor
                 Four-footed
                 Beast
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 ,
                 except
                 it
                 be
                 Deer
                 or
                 Oxen
                 :
                 Neither
                 is
                 there
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 any
                 Plant
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 thing
                 else
                 for
                 the
                 Eye
                 to
                 fix
                 upon
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Parts
                 further
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Land
                 (
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 way
                 together
                 )
                 are
                 all
                 full
                 of
                 Heaps
                 of
                 Sand.
                 And
                 as
                 it
                 's
                 destitute
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 for
                 the
                 support
                 of
                 Man's
                 Life
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 abounds
                 as
                 much
                 in
                 Serpents
                 of
                 all
                 shapes
                 and
                 sizes
                 ,
                 especially
                 those
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 Cerestes
                 ;
                 whose
                 Bites
                 are
                 Mortal
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 colour
                 with
                 the
                 Sand
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 not
                 being
                 discern'd
                 or
                 distinguish'd
                 from
                 the
                 Soyl
                 ,
                 many
                 (
                 treading
                 upon
                 them
                 unawares
                 )
                 run
                 the
                 hazard
                 of
                 losing
                 their
                 Lives
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 reported
                 that
                 this
                 sort
                 of
                 Serpents
                 once
                 enter'd
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 and
                 depopulated
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 's
                 likewise
                 a
                 strange
                 and
                 wonderful
                 thing
                 often
                 happens
                 in
                 this
                 Country
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 the
                 Deserts
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 part
                 lying
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Syrtes
                 .
                 For
                 some
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 commonly
                 in
                 calm
                 Weather
                 ,
                 there
                 appear
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 the
                 shapes
                 of
                 divers
                 living
                 Creatures
                 ,
                 some
                 standing
                 still
                 ,
                 others
                 moving
                 ;
                 some
                 flying
                 ,
                 others
                 pursuing
                 ;
                 and
                 are
                 of
                 that
                 monstrous
                 bigness
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 greatly
                 terrify
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 ignorant
                 of
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 them
                 pursue
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 take
                 hold
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 a
                 Chilness
                 with
                 a
                 Trembling
                 seizes
                 upon
                 all
                 parts
                 of
                 their
                 Bodies
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 Strangers
                 unaccustom'd
                 to
                 such
                 things
                 ,
                 are
                 ready
                 to
                 fall
                 down
                 dead
                 with
                 fear
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Natural
                 Inhabitants
                 (
                 being
                 us'd
                 to
                 them
                 )
                 regard
                 them
                 
                 not
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 Natural
                 Philosophers
                 endeavour
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 Reason
                 of
                 these
                 strange
                 Apparitions
                 ,
                 which
                 look
                 indeed
                 like
                 meer
                 invented
                 Fables
                 :
                 They
                 say
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 never
                 any
                 Winds
                 in
                 this
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 there
                 be
                 any
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 very
                 small
                 and
                 inconsiderable
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Air
                 is
                 often
                 so
                 wonderfully
                 serene
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 's
                 altogether
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 motion
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 that
                 near
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 neither
                 Woods
                 ,
                 deep
                 Valleys
                 ,
                 nor
                 swelling
                 Hills
                 ;
                 neither
                 are
                 there
                 any
                 great
                 Rivers
                 that
                 run
                 through
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 sort
                 of
                 Grain
                 or
                 other
                 Fruits
                 that
                 grow
                 there
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 there
                 's
                 nothing
                 from
                 whence
                 any
                 Vapours
                 can
                 arise
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 Productive
                 matter
                 of
                 Winds
                 .
                 The
                 Air
                 therefore
                 being
                 thick
                 in
                 this
                 dry
                 and
                 sandy
                 Region
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 things
                 happen
                 here
                 in
                 Lybia
                 ,
                 as
                 do
                 upon
                 Rainy
                 Days
                 elsewhere
                 ,
                 where
                 in
                 the
                 Clouds
                 ,
                 various
                 Shapes
                 and
                 Forms
                 may
                 be
                 observ'd
                 :
                 Because
                 the
                 Air
                 being
                 concreted
                 ,
                 transforms
                 it self
                 into
                 many
                 Shapes
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 wasted
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 with
                 gentle
                 Gales
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 often
                 brushing
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 ,
                 are
                 consolidated
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 about
                 hither
                 and
                 thither
                 .
              
               
               
                 At
                 length
                 when
                 the
                 Air
                 is
                 serene
                 and
                 calm
                 ,
                 these
                 Phaenomena
                 by
                 their
                 weight
                 fall
                 to
                 the
                 Earth
                 in
                 that
                 shape
                 ,
                 that
                 each
                 have
                 accidentally
                 before
                 receiv'd
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 nothing
                 at
                 hand
                 to
                 dissolve
                 it
                 ,
                 what
                 sort
                 of
                 Living
                 Creature
                 soever
                 it
                 meets
                 with
                 ,
                 it
                 cleaves
                 to
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 as
                 for
                 that
                 motion
                 to
                 and
                 fro
                 which
                 they
                 seem
                 to
                 have
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 directed
                 by
                 any
                 voluntary
                 faculty
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 impossible
                 any
                 inanimate
                 things
                 should
                 have
                 a
                 Will
                 either
                 to
                 fly
                 or
                 pursue
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Living
                 Creatures
                 to
                 which
                 they
                 adhere
                 ,
                 are
                 the
                 secret
                 Causes
                 of
                 their
                 several
                 Motions
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 in
                 their
                 going
                 forward
                 ,
                 they
                 drive
                 the
                 Air
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Spectrum
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 made
                 up
                 of
                 Air
                 ,
                 seems
                 gradually
                 to
                 go
                 forward
                 ,
                 and
                 resemble
                 one
                 that
                 flies
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Rule
                 of
                 Contraries
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Body
                 to
                 which
                 it
                 approaches
                 goes
                 back
                 ,
                 the
                 Resemblances
                 appear
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 pursu'd
                 ;
                 for
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 being
                 but
                 empty
                 and
                 airy
                 Images
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 attracted
                 by
                 the
                 more
                 solid
                 Bodies
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 attraction
                 the
                 other
                 way
                 ,
                 they
                 move
                 again
                 towards
                 the
                 fore-parts
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 attracting
                 ;
                 and
                 whether
                 the
                 flying
                 animated
                 Bodies
                 turn
                 or
                 stand
                 still
                 ,
                 the
                 Spectrum
                 is
                 still
                 with
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 't
                 is
                 no
                 strange
                 thing
                 ,
                 or
                 unreasonable
                 for
                 the
                 Image
                 to
                 dissolve
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 joins
                 to
                 a
                 solid
                 animate
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 by
                 diffusing
                 it self
                 to
                 affect
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 chilling
                 Cold.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 IV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   Amazons
                   of
                   Africa
                   .
                   Their
                   Acts
                   :
                   Rooted
                   out
                   by
                   Hercules
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Gorgonians
                   by
                   Perseus
                   .
                   The
                   Atlantides
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Gods
                   among
                   them
                   .
                   The
                   Original
                   of
                   the
                   Titanes
                   .
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Basilea
                   ,
                   or
                   Cybele
                   ,
                   said
                   to
                   be
                   born
                   in
                   Phrygia
                   .
                   The
                   Original
                   of
                   Atlas
                   and
                   Saturn
                   .
                   A
                   long
                   Account
                   given
                   of
                   Bacchus
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   several
                   
                   Bacchus's
                   there
                   were
                   .
                   A
                   Description
                   of
                   the
                   Grota
                   in
                   Nysa
                   ,
                   where
                   he
                   was
                   brought
                   up
                   .
                   The
                   Building
                   of
                   the
                   Temple
                   of
                   Hammon
                   by
                   him
                   .
                   The
                   several
                   
                   Hercules's
                   .
                   The
                   Monsters
                   ,
                   Aegides
                   and
                   Campes
                   kill'd
                   by
                   Minerva
                   and
                   Bacchus
                   .
                
              
               
                 HAving
                 now
                 run
                 over
                 those
                 things
                 before
                 mention'd
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 pertinent
                 in
                 
                 this
                 place
                 to
                 relate
                 what
                 is
                 reported
                 concerning
                 the
                 ancient
                 Amazons
                 of
                 Africa
                 :
                 For
                 many
                 have
                 been
                 persuaded
                 into
                 this
                 Error
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 believe
                 that
                 there
                 never
                 were
                 any
                 but
                 those
                 that
                 inhabited
                 upon
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 Thermodon
                 in
                 Pontus
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 truth
                 it
                 is
                 quite
                 otherwise
                 ;
                 for
                 those
                 in
                 Africa
                 were
                 far
                 more
                 ancient
                 and
                 famous
                 than
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 .
              
               
                 Though
                 we
                 are
                 not
                 ignorant
                 that
                 the
                 Account
                 to
                 be
                 given
                 of
                 these
                 will
                 seem
                 very
                 strange
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 meer
                 Novelty
                 to
                 the
                 Readers
                 ,
                 being
                 that
                 the
                 Race
                 of
                 those
                 Amazons
                 were
                 extinct
                 long
                 before
                 the
                 Trojan
                 War
                 ;
                 but
                 these
                 Virago's
                 about
                 the
                 River
                 Thermodon
                 ,
                 flourish'd
                 not
                 long
                 before
                 these
                 our
                 Days
                 :
                 For
                 what
                 wonder
                 is
                 it
                 that
                 the
                 latter
                 (
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 whom
                 is
                 so
                 fresh
                 )
                 should
                 seem
                 more
                 renown'd
                 than
                 the
                 more
                 ancient
                 who
                 are
                 altogether
                 unknown
                 (
                 through
                 length
                 of
                 Time
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 Mankind
                 ?
              
               
                 For
                 as
                 much
                 therefore
                 as
                 many
                 things
                 are
                 reported
                 of
                 them
                 both
                 by
                 the
                 ancient
                 Poets
                 and
                 Historians
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 by
                 many
                 later
                 Authors
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 likewise
                 endeavour
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 distinct
                 and
                 orderly
                 Account
                 of
                 their
                 Actions
                 ;
                 following
                 the
                 Example
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 who
                 writ
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 and
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Actions
                 perform'd
                 in
                 ancient
                 Times
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Africa
                 there
                 was
                 not
                 only
                 one
                 Race
                 of
                 Women
                 who
                 were
                 famous
                 for
                 Valour
                 and
                 Warlike
                 Exploits
                 :
                 For
                 we
                 are
                 inform'd
                 that
                 the
                 Gorgones
                 (
                 against
                 whom
                 Perseus
                 made
                 War
                 )
                 for
                 Courage
                 and
                 Valour
                 were
                 eminent
                 :
                 How
                 famous
                 
                 and
                 potent
                 they
                 were
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 gather'd
                 hence
                 ,
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 that
                 *
                 Son
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 (
                 the
                 most
                 eminent
                 Hero
                 among
                 the
                 Grecians
                 in
                 his
                 time
                 )
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 this
                 Expedition
                 as
                 the
                 greatest
                 and
                 most
                 noble
                 Enterprize
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 Amazons
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 we
                 are
                 now
                 about
                 to
                 write
                 ,
                 their
                 Valour
                 was
                 most
                 eminently
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 compare
                 them
                 with
                 the
                 greatest
                 Spirited
                 Women
                 of
                 our
                 own
                 Times
                 .
              
               
               
                 In
                 the
                 Western
                 Parts
                 of
                 Africa
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 those
                 Tracts
                 that
                 are
                 inhabitable
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 anciently
                 a
                 Nation
                 under
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Women
                 ,
                 whose
                 Manners
                 and
                 Course
                 of
                 Living
                 were
                 altogether
                 different
                 from
                 ours
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 the
                 Custom
                 for
                 those
                 Women
                 to
                 manage
                 all
                 matters
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 a
                 certain
                 time
                 keeping
                 themselves
                 Virgins
                 ,
                 they
                 went
                 out
                 as
                 Soldiers
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 so
                 many
                 Years
                 run
                 up
                 in
                 their
                 warfare
                 ,
                 they
                 accompany'd
                 with
                 Men
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 preservation
                 of
                 Posterity
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Magistracy
                 and
                 all
                 publick
                 Offices
                 ,
                 they
                 kept
                 wholly
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Hands
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Men
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Women
                 do
                 with
                 us
                 )
                 lookt
                 to
                 the
                 Houshold
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 submitting
                 to
                 whatever
                 was
                 thought
                 sit
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 by
                 the
                 Wives
                 ;
                 and
                 were
                 not
                 upon
                 any
                 terms
                 admitted
                 to
                 intermeddle
                 in
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 Command
                 ,
                 or
                 be
                 in
                 any
                 publick
                 Authority
                 ,
                 which
                 might
                 any
                 ways
                 incourage
                 them
                 to
                 cast
                 off
                 the
                 Yoak
                 of
                 their
                 Wives
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 any
                 Child
                 was
                 born
                 ,
                 they
                 deliver'd
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Father
                 to
                 nurse
                 it
                 up
                 with
                 Milk
                 and
                 other
                 Meat
                 agreeable
                 to
                 its
                 Age.
                 If
                 it
                 were
                 a
                 Girl
                 ,
                 they
                 sear'd
                 off
                 its
                 Paps
                 ,
                 lest
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 burthensom
                 when
                 they
                 grew
                 up
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 lookt
                 upon
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 great
                 hindrances
                 in
                 Fighting
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 the
                 searing
                 of
                 their
                 Paps
                 ,
                 the
                 Grecians
                 call'd
                 them
                 Amazons
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 reported
                 ,
                 they
                 inhabited
                 an
                 Island
                 call'd
                 Hisperia
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 lies
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Morass
                 call'd
                 Tritonides
                 :
                 This
                 Fen
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 is
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Ocean
                 which
                 surrounds
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 call'd
                 Tritonides
                 ,
                 from
                 a
                 River
                 that
                 runs
                 into
                 it
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Triton
                 .
                 This
                 Morass
                 borders
                 upon
                 Ethiopia
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 greatest
                 Mountain
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 call'd
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Grecians
                   Atlas
                
                 ,
                 extending
                 it self
                 to
                 the
                 Ocean
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Island
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 is
                 very
                 large
                 ,
                 abounding
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruit-Trees
                 ,
                 which
                 supply
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 with
                 Food
                 :
                 That
                 they
                 have
                 many
                 Herds
                 of
                 Cattel
                 ,
                 and
                 Flocks
                 of
                 Sheep
                 and
                 Goats
                 ,
                 which
                 feed
                 their
                 Possessors
                 both
                 with
                 their
                 Milk
                 and
                 Flesh
                 :
                 But
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 no
                 sort
                 of
                 Corn
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 in
                 those
                 Times
                 they
                 knew
                 not
                 what
                 it
                 was
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Amazons
                 therefore
                 ,
                 for
                 Valour
                 eminent
                 above
                 all
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 heated
                 with
                 an
                 ambitious
                 desire
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 first
                 subdu'd
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 this
                 Island
                 (
                 except
                 one
                 call'd
                 Mena
                 ,
                 accounted
                 Sacred
                 )
                 inhabited
                 now
                 by
                 the
                 Ethiopians
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Ichthophages
                 :
                 It
                 's
                 often
                 scorch'd
                 with
                 many
                 Eruptions
                 of
                 Fire
                 ,
                 which
                 break
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 Bowels
                 are
                 inricht
                 with
                 precious
                 Stones
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Grecians
                 call
                 †
                 Anthraces
                 ,
                 *
                 Sardes
                 and
                 ‖
                 Smaragdos
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 having
                 subdu'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Africans
                 and
                 Numidians
                 ,
                 they
                 built
                 a
                 great
                 City
                 in
                 the
                 Morass
                 of
                 Triton
                 ,
                 which
                 for
                 the
                 shape
                 of
                 it
                 was
                 call'd
                 Chersonesus
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 being
                 further
                 instigated
                 by
                 their
                 innate
                 Valour
                 and
                 Courage
                 ,
                 they
                 attempted
                 greater
                 Matters
                 ,
                 and
                 invaded
                 many
                 other
                 Countries
                 .
                 And
                 first
                 they
                 set
                 upon
                 them
                 upon
                 Mount
                 Atlas
                 ,
                 a
                 soft
                 sort
                 of
                 People
                 ,
                 who
                 injoy'd
                 a
                 rich
                 Country
                 full
                 of
                 great
                 Cities
                 ;
                 among
                 whom
                 (
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 bordering
                 upon
                 the
                 Ocean
                 )
                 the
                 Gods
                 first
                 had
                 their
                 Original
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Grecians
                 fabulously
                 report
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 a
                 particular
                 Account
                 shall
                 be
                 given
                 hereafter
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 ,
                 when
                 Merina
                 was
                 Queen
                 of
                 the
                 Amazons
                 ,
                 she
                 rais'd
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 
                 Thirty
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 very
                 exact
                 and
                 diligent
                 in
                 Training
                 up
                 Horses
                 for
                 the
                 War.
                 The
                 Armour
                 they
                 wore
                 for
                 Coats
                 of
                 Mail
                 ,
                 were
                 the
                 Skins
                 of
                 vast
                 Serpents
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 sort
                 of
                 Creatures
                 Africa
                 abounds
                 .
                 But
                 for
                 offensive
                 Arms
                 ,
                 they
                 carry'd
                 Swords
                 ,
                 Darts
                 and
                 Bows
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 expert
                 ,
                 that
                 with
                 these
                 they
                 not
                 only
                 broke
                 their
                 Enemies
                 Battalions
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 upon
                 their
                 Flight
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 sure
                 to
                 hit
                 their
                 Mark.
                 
              
               
                 Entring
                 therefore
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Atlantides
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Battel
                 they
                 routed
                 them
                 
                 that
                 inhabited
                 Cercenes
                 ,
                 and
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 so
                 close
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 enter'd
                 pell-mel
                 with
                 them
                 that
                 got
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 And
                 to
                 strike
                 a
                 greater
                 Terrour
                 into
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 ,
                 they
                 executed
                 horrid
                 Cruelties
                 upon
                 the
                 Conquer'd
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 put
                 all
                 the
                 Men
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 raz'd
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 carry'd
                 away
                 Captive
                 all
                 the
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 .
                 The
                 noise
                 of
                 this
                 Destruction
                 being
                 spread
                 all
                 over
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Atlantides
                 (
                 being
                 struck
                 with
                 a
                 Pannick
                 Fear
                 )
                 submitted
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 all
                 their
                 Cities
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 Merina
                 receiv'd
                 them
                 all
                 into
                 her
                 Favour
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 of
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 destroy'd
                 ,
                 built
                 another
                 City
                 ,
                 calling
                 it
                 after
                 her
                 own
                 Name
                 ,
                 and
                 peopled
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 Captives
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 willing
                 to
                 come
                 there
                 to
                 inhabit
                 .
              
               
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 being
                 presented
                 by
                 the
                 Atlantides
                 with
                 many
                 rich
                 Gifts
                 ,
                 and
                 decreeing
                 to
                 her
                 (
                 with
                 a
                 general
                 Consent
                 )
                 many
                 high
                 Honours
                 ,
                 she
                 not
                 only
                 graciously
                 accepted
                 those
                 Marks
                 of
                 their
                 Kindness
                 ,
                 but
                 promis'd
                 she
                 would
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 endeavour
                 to
                 merit
                 the
                 good
                 Opinion
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Nation
                 .
              
               
                 Being
                 therefore
                 often
                 infested
                 by
                 their
                 envious
                 Neighbours
                 the
                 
                   Gorgans
                   ,
                   Merina
                
                 to
                 gratifie
                 the
                 Atlantides
                 (
                 who
                 address'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 her
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 )
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 invaded
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Gorgons
                 ,
                 where
                 joining
                 Battel
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Ingagement
                 was
                 smart
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Amazons
                 got
                 the
                 day
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Three
                 Thousand
                 Prisoners
                 :
                 The
                 rest
                 flying
                 into
                 Woods
                 ,
                 Merina
                 (
                 designing
                 utterly
                 to
                 root
                 up
                 the
                 Nation
                 )
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 set
                 the
                 Woods
                 on
                 Fire
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 effect
                 it
                 ,
                 she
                 return'd
                 with
                 her
                 Army
                 into
                 the
                 Confines
                 of
                 her
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 where
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 her
                 late
                 Victory
                 ,
                 being
                 secure
                 and
                 careless
                 in
                 setting
                 her
                 Watch
                 ,
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 kill'd
                 many
                 of
                 her
                 Amazons
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 Swords
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 asleep
                 ;
                 but
                 at
                 length
                 being
                 surrounded
                 by
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 (
                 fighting
                 it
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 )
                 they
                 were
                 every
                 Man
                 kill'd
                 upon
                 the
                 spot
                 .
                 Then
                 Merina
                 erected
                 Three
                 Funeral
                 Piles
                 ,
                 and
                 burnt
                 up
                 all
                 those
                 of
                 her
                 Army
                 that
                 were
                 slain
                 ,
                 and
                 rais'd
                 up
                 as
                 many
                 Mounts
                 of
                 Earth
                 over
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 call'd
                 the
                 Amazon's
                 Sepulchers
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Gorgonians
                 notwithstanding
                 ,
                 were
                 afterwards
                 of
                 great
                 Power
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Medusa
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 they
                 were
                 conquer'd
                 by
                 Perseus
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 both
                 they
                 and
                 the
                 Amazons
                 were
                 utterly
                 extinct
                 by
                 Hercules
                 
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 he
                 travell'd
                 into
                 the
                 Western
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 erected
                 the
                 Pillar
                 in
                 Africa
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 thing
                 intollerable
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 business
                 to
                 be
                 renown'd
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 over
                 ,
                 to
                 suffer
                 any
                 Nation
                 to
                 be
                 govern'd
                 any
                 longer
                 by
                 Women
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 reported
                 likewise
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 an
                 Earthquake
                 ,
                 the
                 Tract
                 towards
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 open'd
                 
                 its
                 Mouth
                 ,
                 and
                 swallow'd
                 up
                 the
                 whole
                 Morass
                 of
                 Triton
                 .
              
               
                 Merina
                 likewise
                 overran
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 Africa
                 ,
                 and
                 passing
                 into
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 Orus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Isis
                 ,
                 who
                 then
                 reign'd
                 there
                 .
                 She
                 made
                 War
                 also
                 upon
                 the
                 Arabians
                 ,
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 :
                 Afterwards
                 having
                 subdu'd
                 Syria
                 ,
                 the
                 Cilicians
                 met
                 her
                 with
                 Presents
                 ,
                 and
                 submitted
                 themselves
                 ;
                 whom
                 (
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 they
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 ,
                 gave
                 up
                 all
                 into
                 her
                 Hands
                 )
                 she
                 by
                 an
                 Edict
                 ordain'd
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 free
                 People
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 reason
                 they
                 are
                 call'd
                 the
                 free
                 Cilicians
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 having
                 conquer'd
                 the
                 Nations
                 about
                 Mount
                 Taurus
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 both
                 Men
                 of
                 strong
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 stout
                 Hearts
                 )
                 she
                 descended
                 through
                 
                 the
                 greater
                 Phrygia
                 to
                 the
                 *
                 Sea
                 ;
                 thence
                 passing
                 through
                 the
                 Maritime
                 Tracts
                 ,
                 she
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 her
                 Expedition
                 at
                 the
                 River
                 Caicus
                 :
                 Out
                 of
                 her
                 new
                 Conquests
                 ,
                 she
                 pickt
                 out
                 the
                 most
                 convenient
                 Places
                 for
                 the
                 building
                 of
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 many
                 there
                 ,
                 among
                 others
                 one
                 after
                 her
                 own
                 Name
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 she
                 call'd
                 after
                 the
                 Names
                 of
                 the
                 chief
                 Commanders
                 of
                 her
                 Army
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Cymes
                   ,
                   Pitanes
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Prineia
                 ,
                 situated
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 ;
                 others
                 she
                 built
                 up
                 higher
                 into
                 the
                 Continent
                 .
              
               
                 She
                 possess'd
                 her self
                 likewise
                 of
                 several
                 Islands
                 ,
                 particularly
                 Lesbos
                 ,
                 where
                 she
                 built
                 Mitylene
                 ,
                 calling
                 it
                 after
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 her
                 Sister
                 ,
                 who
                 went
                 along
                 with
                 her
                 in
                 the
                 Expedition
                 .
                 Whilst
                 she
                 was
                 busie
                 in
                 taking
                 other
                 Islands
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 endanger'd
                 by
                 a
                 Storm
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 where
                 offering
                 up
                 her
                 Prayers
                 to
                 the
                 †
                 Mother
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 for
                 deliverance
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 driven
                 upon
                 a
                 certain
                 Desert
                 Island
                 ,
                 which
                 she
                 consecrated
                 to
                 the
                 before-mention'd
                 Goddess
                 ,
                 being
                 admonish'd
                 so
                 to
                 do
                 by
                 a
                 Dream
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 she
                 erected
                 Altars
                 ,
                 and
                 offered
                 magnificent
                 Sacrifices
                 .
                 This
                 Island
                 is
                 call'd
                 Samothracia
                 ,
                 which
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Greek
                 Dialect
                 signifies
                 the
                 
                   Sacred
                   Island
                
                 .
                 But
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 Historians
                 that
                 say
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 formerly
                 call'd
                 Samos
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 some
                 Thracians
                 that
                 came
                 to
                 inhabit
                 there
                 ,
                 Samothracia
                 .
                 After
                 that
                 the
                 Amazons
                 were
                 return'd
                 into
                 the
                 Continent
                 ,
                 they
                 fabulously
                 report
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 *
                 Mother
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 (
                 being
                 delighted
                 with
                 this
                 Island
                 )
                 plac'd
                 there
                 her
                 Sons
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 Corybantes
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Records
                 of
                 their
                 Sacred
                 Mysteries
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 declar'd
                 who
                 was
                 their
                 Father
                 ;
                 and
                 she
                 her self
                 ,
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 taught
                 them
                 the
                 Rites
                 and
                 Mysteries
                 that
                 are
                 now
                 in
                 use
                 in
                 that
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 instituted
                 and
                 appointed
                 a
                 Sacred
                 Grove
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 inviolable
                 Sanctuary
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 these
                 times
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 one
                 Mompsus
                 ,
                 a
                 Thracian
                 ,
                 banish'd
                 by
                 Lycurgus
                 King
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 invaded
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Amazons
                 :
                 His
                 Associate
                 was
                 one
                 Sipylus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 likewise
                 Banish'd
                 out
                 of
                 Scythia
                 ,
                 bordering
                 upon
                 
                 Thrace
                 .
                 They
                 with
                 Sipylus
                 and
                 Mompsus
                 overcame
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 a
                 Battel
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Merina
                 the
                 Amazon
                 Queen
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 Amazons
                 were
                 slain
                 .
                 In
                 process
                 of
                 Time
                 (
                 after
                 the
                 Thracians
                 had
                 overcome
                 them
                 in
                 several
                 Engagements
                 ,
                 )
                 they
                 say
                 that
                 those
                 that
                 remain'd
                 of
                 the
                 Nations
                 of
                 the
                 Amazons
                 ,
                 retir'd
                 into
                 Lybia
                 .
                 And
                 such
                 was
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Amazonian
                 Expedition
                 out
                 of
                 Africa
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 since
                 we
                 have
                 made
                 mention
                 of
                 the
                 Atlantides
                 ,
                 we
                 judge
                 it
                 not
                 impertinent
                 to
                 relate
                 what
                 the
                 Atlantides
                 fabulously
                 report
                 concerning
                 the
                 Genealogy
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 not
                 much
                 differing
                 from
                 the
                 Fables
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Atlantides
                 inhabited
                 a
                 Rich
                 Country
                 ,
                 bordering
                 upon
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 
                 esteem'd
                 to
                 excel
                 all
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 in
                 civil
                 Reception
                 and
                 Entertainment
                 of
                 Strangers
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 boast
                 that
                 the
                 Gods
                 were
                 born
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 say
                 that
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 Poet
                 amongst
                 the
                 Grecians
                 does
                 confirm
                 this
                 their
                 Assertion
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 brings
                 in
                 Juno
                 speaking
                 thus
                 —
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   utmost
                   bounds
                   of
                   Earth
                   far
                   off
                   I
                   see
                   ,
                
                 
                   Where
                   Thetys
                   and
                   Ocean
                   boast
                   to
                   be
                
                 
                   The
                   Parents
                   of
                   the
                   Gods.
                   —
                
              
               
                 They
                 say
                 that
                 Vranus
                 was
                 their
                 first
                 King
                 ,
                 who
                 caus'd
                 the
                 People
                 (
                 who
                 then
                 
                 wandred
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 )
                 to
                 dwell
                 in
                 Towns
                 and
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 reducing
                 them
                 from
                 a
                 lawless
                 and
                 savage
                 Course
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 taught
                 them
                 to
                 use
                 and
                 lay
                 up
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 things
                 useful
                 for
                 Man's
                 Life
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 he
                 had
                 under
                 his
                 Dominion
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 especially
                 towards
                 the
                 West
                 and
                 the
                 Northern
                 Parts
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 being
                 much
                 addicted
                 to
                 Astrology
                 ,
                 he
                 prognosticated
                 many
                 things
                 that
                 were
                 come
                 to
                 pass
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 and
                 measur'd
                 the
                 Year
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Months
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Motion
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 ;
                 and
                 divided
                 the
                 Days
                 into
                 Hours
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 as
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ignorant
                 of
                 the
                 constant
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 Stars
                 ,
                 did
                 so
                 admire
                 his
                 Prognostications
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 it
                 grew
                 into
                 a
                 common
                 Opinion
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 God
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 dead
                 ,
                 (
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 Deserts
                 ,
                 and
                 Art
                 in
                 Astronomy
                 )
                 they
                 honour'd
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 God.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Starry
                 Heaven
                 was
                 call'd
                 after
                 his
                 †
                 Name
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 familiarly
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 Rising
                 and
                 setting
                 of
                 the
                 Stars
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 hapning
                 in
                 the
                 Etherial
                 World
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 his
                 Merits
                 transcended
                 all
                 the
                 Honours
                 that
                 could
                 be
                 attributed
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 call'd
                 the
                 Eternal
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Universe
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 report
                 that
                 this
                 Vranus
                 had
                 Five
                 and
                 Forty
                 Children
                 by
                 several
                 Wives
                 ,
                 and
                 Eighteen
                 of
                 these
                 were
                 by
                 one
                 Titea
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 a
                 peculiar
                 Name
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 in
                 Common
                 call'd
                 Titanes
                 ,
                 from
                 their
                 Mother
                 Titea
                 ,
                 who
                 for
                 her
                 Wisdom
                 
                 and
                 Beneficence
                 was
                 after
                 her
                 Death
                 reputed
                 a
                 Goddess
                 by
                 those
                 whom
                 she
                 had
                 oblig'd
                 by
                 her
                 Kindnesses
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 call'd
                 Terra
                 .
              
               
                 Of
                 Vranus
                 and
                 Titea
                 were
                 born
                 several
                 Daughters
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 Two
                 were
                 most
                 famous
                 above
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 Basilea
                 and
                 Rhea
                 ,
                 by
                 some
                 call'd
                 
                   Pandora
                   .
                   Basilea
                
                 being
                 the
                 Eldest
                 (
                 and
                 most
                 Prudent
                 and
                 Discreet
                 )
                 bred
                 up
                 her
                 Brothers
                 with
                 the
                 care
                 and
                 affection
                 of
                 a
                 Mother
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 was
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Great
                   Mother
                
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 her
                 Father
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 general
                 Suffrage
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 and
                 Consent
                 
                 of
                 her
                 Brothers
                 she
                 was
                 elected
                 Queen
                 ,
                 being
                 as
                 yet
                 a
                 Virgin
                 ,
                 and
                 remarkable
                 for
                 her
                 Modesty
                 and
                 Chastity
                 .
                 She
                 was
                 long
                 unwilling
                 to
                 marry
                 ;
                 but
                 afterwards
                 (
                 desiring
                 to
                 leave
                 Heirs
                 of
                 her
                 own
                 Body
                 to
                 succeed
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 )
                 she
                 marry'd
                 Hyperion
                 one
                 of
                 her
                 Brothers
                 ,
                 whom
                 she
                 most
                 dearly
                 lov'd
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 she
                 had
                 two
                 Children
                 ,
                 *
                 Helio
                 and
                 †
                 Selene
                 ,
                 who
                 for
                 their
                 Beauty
                 and
                 Modesty
                 were
                 the
                 Admiration
                 of
                 all
                 ;
                 her
                 other
                 Brothers
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 partly
                 out
                 of
                 Envy
                 at
                 the
                 Issue
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 lest
                 Hyperion
                 should
                 assume
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 intirely
                 to
                 himself
                 ,
                 committed
                 a
                 notorious
                 wicked
                 Act
                 ;
                 for
                 entring
                 into
                 a
                 Conspiracy
                 ,
                 they
                 assassinated
                 Hyperion
                 and
                 drown'd
                 Helio
                 (
                 then
                 a
                 tender
                 Infant
                 )
                 in
                 *
                 Eridanus
                 .
              
               
               
                 Upon
                 the
                 Discovery
                 of
                 this
                 sad
                 Disaster
                 ,
                 Selene
                 ,
                 who
                 passionately
                 lov'd
                 her
                 Brother
                 ,
                 threw
                 her self
                 down
                 headlong
                 from
                 the
                 House-top
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Mother
                 ,
                 while
                 she
                 was
                 seeking
                 for
                 her
                 Son
                 at
                 the
                 River
                 side
                 ,
                 with
                 Grief
                 fell
                 asleep
                 ,
                 and
                 dreamt
                 that
                 she
                 saw
                 Helios
                 standing
                 by
                 her
                 to
                 comfort
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 wish'd
                 her
                 not
                 to
                 grieve
                 too
                 much
                 and
                 afflict
                 her self
                 for
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 her
                 Children
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Titanes
                 should
                 execute
                 due
                 Revenge
                 upon
                 the
                 Malefactor
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 and
                 his
                 Sister
                 by
                 the
                 Providence
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 deify'd
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 which
                 before
                 was
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Holy
                   Fire
                   in
                   Heaven
                   should
                   then
                   be
                   call'd
                
                 *
                 Helios
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 before
                 had
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Mene
                 should
                 then
                 be
                 term'd
                 †
                 Selenes
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 she
                 awak'd
                 she
                 told
                 her
                 Dream
                 ,
                 and
                 repeated
                 all
                 her
                 Misfortunes
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 intreated
                 her
                 Subjects
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 adore
                 her
                 deceas'd
                 Children
                 as
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 none
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 would
                 come
                 near
                 her
                 .
              
               
                 Presently
                 afterwards
                 in
                 a
                 furious
                 Rage
                 of
                 Madness
                 (
                 taking
                 her
                 Daughters
                 gingling
                 Gewgaws
                 )
                 she
                 wandred
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 ,
                 with
                 her
                 Hair
                 dishevell'd
                 about
                 her
                 Ears
                 ,
                 and
                 playing
                 like
                 a
                 mad
                 Woman
                 upon
                 a
                 Timbrel
                 and
                 Cymbal
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 even
                 a
                 Terror
                 to
                 the
                 Spectators
                 :
                 And
                 while
                 every
                 body
                 pity'd
                 her
                 miserable
                 Condition
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 attempted
                 to
                 lay
                 hold
                 on
                 her
                 ,
                 there
                 arose
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 a
                 terrible
                 Storm
                 of
                 Rain
                 ,
                 Thunder
                 and
                 Lightning
                 ,
                 and
                 she
                 was
                 never
                 seen
                 after
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 hereupon
                 admiring
                 this
                 Prodigy
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 transfer
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Helios
                 and
                 Selene
                 (
                 in
                 Honour
                 of
                 them
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 Sun
                 and
                 the
                 Moon
                 in
                 the
                 Heavens
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 persuaded
                 that
                 the
                 Mother
                 was
                 a
                 Goddess
                 ,
                 they
                 erected
                 Altars
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 with
                 the
                 noise
                 of
                 Timbrels
                 and
                 tinkling
                 of
                 Cymbals
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 agreeable
                 to
                 her
                 Circumstances
                 )
                 offer'd
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 and
                 instituted
                 other
                 divine
                 Rites
                 and
                 Ceremonies
                 in
                 Honour
                 of
                 her
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 however
                 Phrygia
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Birth-place
                 of
                 this
                 Goddess
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 
                 fabulously
                 report
                 ,
                 that
                 Meones
                 heretofore
                 reign'd
                 in
                 Phrygia
                 and
                 Lydia
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 marry'd
                 Dyndima
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 her
                 begat
                 a
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 unnaturally
                 expos'd
                 in
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Cybelus
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 there
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 divine
                 Providence
                 ,
                 Leopards
                 and
                 other
                 fierce
                 and
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 nourish'd
                 the
                 Child
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 Milk
                 :
                 But
                 Shepherdesses
                 thereabouts
                 observing
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 admiring
                 the
                 Strangeness
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 )
                 took
                 away
                 the
                 Child
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 it
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 Cybele
                 .
                 The
                 young
                 Lady
                 growing
                 up
                 both
                 in
                 Strength
                 and
                 Years
                 ,
                 was
                 admir'd
                 
                 by
                 all
                 for
                 her
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 Modesty
                 and
                 Ingenuity
                 :
                 For
                 she
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 invented
                 the
                 Pipe
                 ,
                 compos'd
                 of
                 many
                 Reeds
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Timbrel
                 and
                 Cymbal
                 in
                 Sports
                 and
                 Dances
                 :
                 She
                 taught
                 likewise
                 how
                 to
                 cure
                 (
                 by
                 purging
                 )
                 Diseases
                 both
                 in
                 Children
                 and
                 Cattle
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 her
                 extraordinary
                 Love
                 to
                 Children
                 ,
                 whom
                 she
                 often
                 restor'd
                 to
                 Health
                 ,
                 by
                 singing
                 and
                 lulling
                 them
                 in
                 her
                 Arms
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 call'd
                 by
                 all
                 *
                 
                   The
                   Mother
                   of
                   the
                   Mount.
                   Marsyas
                
                 the
                 Phrygian
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 was
                 very
                 much
                 with
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 chiefest
                 of
                 all
                 her
                 Lovers
                 :
                 This
                 Man
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 was
                 mighty
                 ingenious
                 ,
                 and
                 wonderfully
                 chast
                 .
                 His
                 Ingenuity
                 they
                 gather
                 hence
                 ,
                 that
                 imitating
                 the
                 Sound
                 of
                 a
                 Pipe
                 compos'd
                 of
                 many
                 Reeds
                 ,
                 he
                 found
                 out
                 how
                 one
                 single
                 Pipe
                 might
                 make
                 the
                 same
                 Harmony
                 :
                 And
                 as
                 an
                 Argument
                 for
                 his
                 Chastity
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 he
                 never
                 had
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 any
                 Woman
                 all
                 the
                 days
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 .
              
               
                 Cybele
                 being
                 now
                 ripe
                 of
                 Years
                 ,
                 lov'd
                 a
                 young
                 Man
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Natives
                 ,
                 first
                 call'd
                 Attis
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 Papas
                 :
                 This
                 Youth
                 she
                 accompany'd
                 with
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 got
                 with
                 Child
                 ,
                 about
                 which
                 time
                 she
                 was
                 own'd
                 by
                 her
                 Parents
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 by
                 her
                 Father
                 into
                 his
                 Palace
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Virgin
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 afterwards
                 inform'd
                 of
                 the
                 Miscarriage
                 of
                 his
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 Attis
                 and
                 her
                 Nurses
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Bodies
                 to
                 lye
                 expos'd
                 without
                 Burial
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 Cybele
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 Love
                 she
                 bore
                 to
                 the
                 young
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 overwhelm'd
                 with
                 Grief
                 for
                 her
                 Nurses
                 )
                 fell
                 into
                 a
                 furious
                 Madness
                 ,
                 and
                 ran
                 out
                 into
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 where
                 all
                 alone
                 with
                 her
                 Hair
                 about
                 her
                 Ears
                 she
                 fill'd
                 the
                 whole
                 Country
                 with
                 the
                 noise
                 of
                 her
                 Timbrel
                 ,
                 and
                 her
                 Wayling
                 and
                 Lamentations
                 .
                 But
                 Marsyas
                 pitying
                 her
                 miserable
                 Condition
                 ,
                 and
                 prompted
                 thereunto
                 by
                 the
                 Remembrance
                 of
                 his
                 ancient
                 Love
                 and
                 Kindness
                 he
                 had
                 for
                 her
                 ,
                 follow'd
                 her
                 wherever
                 she
                 went
                 ;
                 and
                 coming
                 together
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 Bacchus
                 in
                 Nysa
                 ,
                 found
                 there
                 Apollo
                 ,
                 then
                 in
                 great
                 Esteem
                 for
                 his
                 Skill
                 in
                 playing
                 upon
                 the
                 Harp
                 ,
                 invented
                 by
                 Mercury
                 .
                 There
                 Marsyas
                 contended
                 with
                 Apollo
                 who
                 should
                 be
                 accounted
                 the
                 greatest
                 Artist
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Nysians
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Judges
                 .
                 And
                 first
                 Apollo
                 play'd
                 only
                 upon
                 his
                 Harp.
                 But
                 Marsyas
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 winded
                 his
                 Hoboy
                 (
                 tickling
                 their
                 Ears
                 with
                 the
                 Novelty
                 of
                 the
                 Melody
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Sweetness
                 of
                 his
                 Notes
                 )
                 seem'd
                 far
                 to
                 excel
                 his
                 Rival
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 
                 Match
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 both
                 make
                 a
                 Second
                 Trial
                 of
                 their
                 Skill
                 before
                 the
                 Judges
                 :
                 Apollo
                 therefore
                 leading
                 the
                 way
                 ,
                 first
                 began
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 added
                 to
                 the
                 melodiousness
                 of
                 his
                 Harp
                 ,
                 the
                 Harmony
                 of
                 his
                 Voice
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Victory
                 over
                 the
                 Applause
                 formerly
                 wan
                 by
                 the
                 Hoboy
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 Marsyas
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 Rage
                 ,
                 and
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 highly
                 injur'd
                 in
                 not
                 being
                 allow'd
                 the
                 preheminence
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 judge
                 by
                 the
                 Art
                 in
                 playing
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 Voice
                 and
                 in
                 singing
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 according
                 to
                 that
                 Rule
                 ,
                 Trial
                 should
                 be
                 made
                 ,
                 and
                 Judgment
                 given
                 concerning
                 the
                 Melody
                 and
                 Harmony
                 between
                 the
                 Harp
                 and
                 Hoboy
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 unjust
                 to
                 lay
                 in
                 the
                 ballance
                 Two
                 Arts
                 against
                 one
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 Apollo
                 answered
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 did
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 Marsyas
                 did
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 tun'd
                 his
                 Hoboy
                 with
                 his
                 Breath
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 either
                 both
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 allowed
                 the
                 same
                 Priviledge
                 ,
                 or
                 both
                 should
                 be
                 restrained
                 
                 from
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 their
                 Mouths
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Hands
                 only
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 Instruments
                 of
                 evidencing
                 the
                 excellency
                 of
                 their
                 Art
                 and
                 Skill
                 .
                 What
                 Apollo
                 said
                 ,
                 seem'd
                 most
                 just
                 and
                 reasonable
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Auditors
                 .
                 Then
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Third
                 Contest
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Marsyas
                 was
                 again
                 overcome
                 :
                 But
                 Apollo
                 was
                 so
                 incens'd
                 with
                 his
                 vying
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 flea'd
                 him
                 alive
                 :
                 But
                 presently
                 after
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 sorry
                 for
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 broke
                 in
                 pieces
                 all
                 the
                 Strings
                 of
                 his
                 Harp
                 ,
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 that
                 Musick
                 which
                 he
                 himself
                 had
                 invented
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 was
                 afterwards
                 reviv'd
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Muses
                 restor'd
                 the
                 *
                 Meane
                 ,
                 Linus
                 the
                 String
                 call'd
                 the
                 †
                 Tenor
                 ,
                 and
                 Orpheus
                 and
                 Thamyris
                 the
                 Two
                 Strings
                 call'd
                 the
                 *
                 Base
                 ,
                 and
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 Base
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 say
                 that
                 Apollo
                 consecrated
                 both
                 the
                 Harp
                 and
                 Hoboy
                 to
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 them
                 in
                 his
                 Cave
                 ;
                 and
                 afterwards
                 falling
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 Cybele
                 ,
                 wandred
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 with
                 her
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 †
                 Hyperborean
                 Mountains
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 whereas
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Plague
                 and
                 Famine
                 in
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 the
                 Phrygians
                 inquir'd
                 at
                 the
                 *
                 Oracle
                 how
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 freed
                 from
                 the
                 Calamity
                 they
                 lay
                 under
                 ,
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 the
                 God
                 commanded
                 them
                 to
                 bury
                 Attis
                 ,
                 and
                 adore
                 Cybele
                 as
                 a
                 Goddess
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Phrygians
                 therefore
                 (
                 because
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 find
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 through
                 length
                 of
                 time
                 since
                 he
                 was
                 kill'd
                 )
                 made
                 a
                 Statue
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 follow'd
                 as
                 to
                 his
                 Burial
                 ,
                 with
                 Howling
                 ,
                 Lamentations
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 honourable
                 Ceremonies
                 proper
                 for
                 his
                 Funeral
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 made
                 an
                 Attonement
                 for
                 their
                 former
                 Offence
                 ;
                 which
                 Solemnity
                 they
                 constantly
                 observe
                 to
                 this
                 very
                 Day
                 ;
                 and
                 offer
                 Yearly
                 Sacrifices
                 to
                 Cybele
                 ,
                 who
                 formerly
                 erected
                 Altars
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 there
                 .
                 In
                 honour
                 of
                 this
                 Cybele
                 ,
                 they
                 built
                 a
                 magnificent
                 Temple
                 in
                 Pesinunte
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 and
                 instituted
                 solemn
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 and
                 Divine
                 Worship
                 to
                 her
                 ,
                 which
                 Work
                 was
                 advanc'd
                 by
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 King
                 Midas
                 .
                 They
                 Plac'd
                 Leopards
                 and
                 Lions
                 standing
                 by
                 the
                 Statue
                 of
                 the
                 Goddess
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 was
                 generally
                 believ'd
                 she
                 was
                 nurs'd
                 up
                 by
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 things
                 which
                 the
                 Phrygians
                 and
                 the
                 Atlantides
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Coasts
                 bordering
                 on
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 do
                 report
                 of
                 this
                 Mother
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Hyperion
                 ,
                 they
                 report
                 that
                 the
                 Children
                 of
                 *
                 Coelus
                 divided
                 †
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ;
                 amongst
                 whom
                 Atlas
                 and
                 Saturn
                 were
                 the
                 most
                 renown'd
                 .
                 The
                 Country
                 bordering
                 upon
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 fell
                 by
                 lot
                 upon
                 Atlas
                 ,
                 who
                 call'd
                 the
                 People
                 there
                 Atlantides
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 greatest
                 Mountain
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 Atlas
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 an
                 excellent
                 Astrologer
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 discover'd
                 the
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 Sphere
                 ;
                 whence
                 rose
                 the
                 common
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 carry'd
                 the
                 World
                 upon
                 his
                 Shoulders
                 ;
                 noting
                 by
                 this
                 Fancy
                 ,
                 his
                 Invention
                 and
                 Description
                 of
                 the
                 Sphere
                 .
                 The
                 most
                 eminent
                 among
                 his
                 many
                 Sons
                 ,
                 was
                 Hesperus
                 ,
                 for
                 Piety
                 towards
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 Justice
                 and
                 Kindness
                 towards
                 his
                 Subjects
                 .
                 Being
                 upon
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 Mount
                 Atlas
                 to
                 observe
                 the
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 Stars
                 ,
                 he
                 suddainly
                 vanisht
                 in
                 a
                 Tempest
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 hereupon
                 much
                 lamenting
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 for
                 ever
                 honour
                 him
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 Brightest
                 *
                 Star
                 in
                 the
                 Heavens
                 after
                 his
                 Name
                 .
              
               
                 Atlas
                 likewise
                 had
                 Seven
                 Daughters
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 all
                 call'd
                 after
                 their
                 Father's
                 Name
                 Atlantides
                 ;
                 but
                 their
                 several
                 proper
                 Names
                 were
                 
                   Maia
                   ,
                   Electra
                   ,
                   Taygeta
                   ,
                   Asterope
                   ,
                   Merope
                   ,
                   Halcyone
                   ,
                
                 and
                 Celaeno
                 .
                 All
                 these
                 were
                 got
                 with
                 Child
                 by
                 several
                 Heroick
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 by
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 bore
                 divers
                 Sons
                 
                 who
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 Ancestors
                 of
                 several
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 their
                 virtuous
                 Qualifications
                 ,
                 were
                 afterwards
                 call'd
                 Gods
                 and
                 Demy-Gods
                 .
              
               
                 So
                 Maia
                 the
                 Eldest
                 ,
                 was
                 got
                 with
                 Child
                 by
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 and
                 bore
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 the
                 Inventor
                 of
                 many
                 Arts
                 and
                 Sciences
                 for
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Mankind
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 the
                 rest
                 likewise
                 had
                 Sons
                 who
                 were
                 famous
                 in
                 their
                 Times
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 gave
                 beginning
                 to
                 whole
                 Nations
                 ,
                 others
                 to
                 some
                 particular
                 Cities
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 not
                 only
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 some
                 among
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 refer
                 
                 the
                 Original
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 Heroes
                 ,
                 to
                 these
                 Daughters
                 of
                 Atlas
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 great
                 Reputation
                 for
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Justice
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 Dead
                 ,
                 were
                 ador'd
                 as
                 Goddesses
                 ,
                 and
                 fixt
                 in
                 the
                 Constellation
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Pleiades
                 .
              
               
                 Nymphs
                 were
                 commonly
                 call'd
                 Atlantides
                 ,
                 because
                 Nymphs
                 is
                 a
                 general
                 Term
                 in
                 this
                 Country
                 apply'd
                 to
                 all
                 Women
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 say
                 that
                 Saturn
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Atlas
                 ,
                 was
                 extraordinary
                 Prophane
                 and
                 Covetous
                 ;
                 and
                 Marrying
                 his
                 Sister
                 Rhea
                 ,
                 he
                 begat
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 surnam'd
                 Olympus
                 .
                 There
                 was
                 another
                 Jupiter
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Coelus
                 ,
                 and
                 King
                 of
                 Crete
                 ,
                 but
                 much
                 inferior
                 for
                 Glory
                 and
                 Renown
                 to
                 the
                 later
                 :
                 For
                 this
                 later
                 was
                 Lord
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 ancient
                 Jupiter
                 was
                 only
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 before-nam'd
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 Ten
                 Sons
                 whom
                 they
                 call'd
                 Curetes
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 the
                 Island
                 Ida
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 his
                 Wife
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 himself
                 was
                 buried
                 ,
                 the
                 Remains
                 of
                 whose
                 Sepulcher
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 at
                 this
                 Day
                 .
              
               
                 However
                 the
                 Cretians
                 relate
                 several
                 Stories
                 of
                 these
                 Jupiters
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 we
                 shall
                 write
                 distinctly
                 when
                 we
                 come
                 to
                 their
                 History
                 .
              
               
                 Saturn
                 reign'd
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 over
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   Africa
                
                 and
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 inlarg'd
                 his
                 Dominion
                 over
                 all
                 the
                 Western
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Garrisons
                 and
                 strong
                 Forts
                 plac'd
                 in
                 convenient
                 Places
                 ,
                 kept
                 his
                 Subjects
                 every
                 where
                 within
                 the
                 Bounds
                 of
                 their
                 Duty
                 :
                 And
                 hence
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 this
                 very
                 Day
                 in
                 the
                 Western
                 Parts
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 the
                 high
                 Mounts
                 that
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 are
                 call'd
                 †
                 Cronia
                 .
              
               
                 Jupiter
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 was
                 the
                 Sun
                 of
                 Saturn
                 ,
                 who
                 contrary
                 to
                 what
                 his
                 Father
                 did
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 carry'd
                 himself
                 justly
                 and
                 courteously
                 toward
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 was
                 call'd
                 Father
                 by
                 all
                 his
                 Subjects
                 .
                 He
                 succeeded
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 either
                 as
                 given
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 or
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Throne
                 by
                 his
                 Subjects
                 out
                 of
                 hatred
                 to
                 his
                 Father
                 :
                 And
                 though
                 Saturn
                 afterwards
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 Titans
                 ,
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 yet
                 Jupiter
                 overcame
                 him
                 in
                 a
                 Battel
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 :
                 And
                 afterwards
                 he
                 ran
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 ,
                 doing
                 good
                 to
                 all
                 Mankind
                 :
                 And
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 of
                 a
                 strong
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 endowed
                 with
                 all
                 virtuous
                 Qualifications
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 he
                 easily
                 conquer'd
                 the
                 whole
                 World.
                 He
                 chiefly
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 Business
                 to
                 punish
                 the
                 Impious
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 do
                 good
                 to
                 all
                 his
                 People
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 (
                 after
                 he
                 left
                 the
                 World
                 )
                 he
                 was
                 call'd
                 *
                 Zena
                 ,
                 from
                 Life
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 taught
                 Men
                 to
                 live
                 well
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 they
                 of
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 deserv'd
                 well
                 ,
                 rewarded
                 him
                 with
                 this
                 Honour
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 unanimously
                 by
                 all
                 placed
                 in
                 the
                 highest
                 Heavens
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 a
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 Supream
                 Lord
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 full
                 Account
                 (
                 distinctly
                 related
                 )
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Gods
                 mention'd
                 and
                 recorded
                 by
                 the
                 Atlantides
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 for
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 before
                 in
                 the
                 account
                 we
                 gave
                 of
                 the
                 Egyptian
                 Antiquities
                 ,
                 we
                 came
                 in
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 general
                 History
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Genealogy
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 (
                 whom
                 
                 the
                 Greeks
                 call
                 Dionysius
                 )
                 and
                 his
                 Acts
                 —
              
               
                 We
                 conceive
                 it
                 sit
                 here
                 to
                 add
                 what
                 the
                 Grecians
                 have
                 delivered
                 to
                 Posterity
                 concerning
                 this
                 God
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 ancient
                 Fabulous
                 Historians
                 and
                 Poets
                 have
                 given
                 different
                 Accounts
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 related
                 many
                 monstrous
                 Stories
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 very
                 difficult
                 to
                 set
                 forth
                 truly
                 his
                 Genealogy
                 and
                 Acts.
                 For
                 some
                 say
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 but
                 one
                 †
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 others
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 Three
                 .
                 But
                 some
                 say
                 there
                 never
                 was
                 any
                 such
                 Man
                 ,
                 but
                 conceive
                 that
                 Wine
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 for
                 Dionysius
                 .
                 We
                 shall
                 therefore
                 in
                 short
                 ,
                 run
                 over
                 distinctly
                 what
                 is
                 said
                 by
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Naturalists
                 who
                 speak
                 of
                 this
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 call
                 Wine
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Earth
                 amongst
                 other
                 Plants
                 ,
                 naturally
                 produc'd
                 the
                 Vine
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 planted
                 or
                 found
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 by
                 any
                 whatsoever
                 .
                 In
                 Confirmation
                 whereof
                 ,
                 they
                 
                 instance
                 in
                 wild
                 Vines
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 many
                 places
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 bear
                 Grapes
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 husbanded
                 and
                 improved
                 by
                 the
                 Care
                 and
                 Industry
                 of
                 Men
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 Bacchus
                 was
                 by
                 the
                 Ancients
                 call'd
                 *
                 Bimeter
                 ,
                 because
                 when
                 the
                 Vine
                 is
                 planted
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 begins
                 to
                 grow
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 esteem'd
                 the
                 
                 First
                 Birth
                 :
                 The
                 Second
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 shoots
                 forth
                 Branches
                 ,
                 and
                 puts
                 forth
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 brings
                 them
                 to
                 Ripeness
                 and
                 Perfection
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 First
                 Birth
                 of
                 this
                 God
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 judg'd
                 to
                 proceed
                 from
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Second
                 from
                 the
                 Vine
                 it self
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Fabulous
                 Writers
                 likewise
                 feign
                 a
                 Third
                 Generation
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 and
                 Ceres
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 some
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 pull'd
                 him
                 in
                 Pieces
                 ,
                 and
                 boil'd
                 his
                 Parts
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Ceres
                 gather'd
                 his
                 Members
                 together
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 renew'd
                 and
                 reviv'd
                 him
                 .
                 Which
                 Fictions
                 the
                 natural
                 Philosophers
                 explain
                 according
                 to
                 natural
                 Reason
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 is
                 said
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 and
                 Ceres
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Vine
                 is
                 nourish'd
                 by
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Rain
                 from
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 produces
                 Fruit
                 ;
                 whence
                 comes
                 Wine
                 ,
                 by
                 pressing
                 of
                 the
                 Grape
                 .
                 That
                 the
                 boyling
                 of
                 his
                 Members
                 ,
                 signifies
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 ordering
                 the
                 Wine
                 ,
                 which
                 many
                 boyl
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 more
                 strong
                 and
                 fragrant
                 .
                 That
                 his
                 Members
                 were
                 pull'd
                 in
                 pieces
                 by
                 Earthly
                 Men
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 and
                 join'd
                 together
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 restor'd
                 to
                 his
                 former
                 State
                 ,
                 denotes
                 no
                 more
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 after
                 the
                 Vintage
                 and
                 pruning
                 of
                 the
                 Vines
                 at
                 the
                 season
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 ,
                 the
                 Earth
                 causes
                 them
                 to
                 flourish
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 as
                 fruitful
                 as
                 ever
                 they
                 were
                 before
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 's
                 certain
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 Ceres
                 the
                 ancient
                 Poets
                 and
                 other
                 Fabulous
                 Authors
                 meant
                 the
                 Mother
                 Earth
                 :
                 And
                 agreeable
                 hereunto
                 ,
                 are
                 those
                 things
                 that
                 are
                 deliver'd
                 in
                 the
                 Verses
                 of
                 Orpheus
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 are
                 exhibited
                 in
                 the
                 celebration
                 of
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Mysteries
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 lawful
                 for
                 any
                 ordinary
                 Person
                 particularly
                 to
                 treat
                 of
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 the
                 Naturalists
                 explain
                 his
                 being
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Semele
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Earth
                 was
                 by
                 the
                 Ancients
                 call'd
                 Thion
                 and
                 Semele
                 ;
                 †
                 Semele
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Worship
                 of
                 this
                 Goddess
                 was
                 splendid
                 and
                 pompous
                 ;
                 and
                 Thyon
                 from
                 the
                 frequent
                 *
                 Sacrifices
                 which
                 were
                 offered
                 to
                 her
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 is
                 feign'd
                 to
                 be
                 begotten
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 Twice
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 being
                 suppos'd
                 that
                 the
                 Vines
                 with
                 other
                 Plants
                 ,
                 were
                 destroy'd
                 in
                 
                 Deucalion's
                 Flood
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 afterwards
                 sprung
                 up
                 again
                 ,
                 therefore
                 when
                 this
                 God
                 appear'd
                 again
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 sprung
                 up
                 by
                 a
                 Second
                 Birth
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 feign'd
                 to
                 be
                 born
                 out
                 of
                 
                 Jupiter's
                 Thigh
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 Opinions
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 take
                 Bacchus
                 for
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 the
                 use
                 and
                 strength
                 found
                 out
                 to
                 lye
                 in
                 Wine
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 those
                 Fabulous
                 Authors
                 that
                 say
                 this
                 God
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 ,
                 unanimously
                 attribute
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 finding
                 out
                 and
                 first
                 planting
                 of
                 the
                 Vine
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 belongs
                 to
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Wine
                 .
                 But
                 whether
                 there
                 were
                 more
                 than
                 one
                 of
                 that
                 Name
                 ,
                 they
                 differ
                 among
                 themselves
                 .
                 Some
                 affirm
                 there
                 was
                 but
                 One
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 very
                 Bacchus
                 who
                 taught
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 and
                 gathering
                 of
                 Grapes
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 overran
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 first
                 instituted
                 the
                 Rites
                 and
                 Festivals
                 of
                 the
                 Bacchanalia
                 .
                 Some
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 before
                 declar'd
                 )
                 have
                 affirm'd
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 Three
                 that
                 liv'd
                 at
                 several
                 times
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 given
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 Actions
                 of
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Of
                 whom
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 the
                 most
                 ancient
                 was
                 born
                 in
                 India
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 in
                 regard
                 
                 that
                 Country
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 Temper
                 of
                 the
                 Climate
                 ,
                 and
                 richness
                 of
                 the
                 Soil
                 )
                 naturally
                 produc'd
                 Vines
                 ,
                 they
                 affirm
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 taught
                 the
                 way
                 of
                 pressing
                 of
                 Grapes
                 ,
                 and
                 found
                 out
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Wine
                 ;
                 and
                 imploy'd
                 himself
                 likewise
                 in
                 pruning
                 of
                 Fig-Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Fruit
                 Trees
                 of
                 a
                 larger
                 size
                 ,
                 and
                 taught
                 others
                 the
                 same
                 Art
                 :
                 And
                 in
                 Conclusion
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 found
                 out
                 whatever
                 appertain'd
                 to
                 the
                 Vine
                 .
                 And
                 hence
                 he
                 was
                 call'd
                 the
                 *
                 Presser
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Bearded
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 
                 is
                 the
                 Custom
                 among
                 the
                 Indians
                 to
                 let
                 their
                 Beards
                 grow
                 all
                 their
                 Days
                 without
                 cutting
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Bacchus
                 which
                 overran
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 with
                 his
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 found
                 out
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 Planting
                 of
                 Vines
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 pressing
                 of
                 Grapes
                 with
                 Wine-Presses
                 (
                 and
                 thence
                 was
                 surnam'd
                 Leneus
                 ,
                 as
                 before
                 )
                 and
                 imparted
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 discover'd
                 to
                 others
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 Advantages
                 he
                 so
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Hearts
                 and
                 Respects
                 of
                 all
                 Men
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 dead
                 ,
                 they
                 ador'd
                 him
                 with
                 Divine
                 Honours
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 day
                 they
                 shew
                 the
                 Place
                 of
                 his
                 Birth
                 in
                 India
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 Cities
                 there
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 proper
                 Language
                 ,
                 call'd
                 after
                 his
                 Name
                 .
                 Many
                 other
                 things
                 they
                 relate
                 of
                 this
                 
                   Indian
                   Bacchus
                
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 too
                 tedious
                 here
                 to
                 rehearse
                 .
              
               
               
                 Another
                 Bacchus
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 there
                 was
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 and
                 Proserpina
                 ,
                 
                 or
                 as
                 some
                 think
                 ,
                 of
                 Ceres
                 .
                 This
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 taught
                 how
                 to
                 plow
                 with
                 Oxen
                 ,
                 when
                 Men
                 before
                 till'd
                 the
                 Ground
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 Handy
                 Labours
                 ,
                 and
                 invented
                 many
                 other
                 things
                 useful
                 for
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Husbandry
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Countryman
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 overlaid
                 with
                 his
                 Labours
                 .
                 By
                 these
                 Advantages
                 and
                 Benefits
                 to
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 he
                 gain'd
                 such
                 Reputation
                 and
                 Esteem
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 by
                 all
                 ador'd
                 as
                 a
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 Divine
                 Worship
                 and
                 Solemn
                 Sacrifices
                 were
                 offered
                 in
                 honour
                 of
                 him
                 .
                 In
                 all
                 his
                 Images
                 and
                 Statues
                 he
                 was
                 painted
                 and
                 ingraven
                 with
                 Horns
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 to
                 signifie
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 this
                 Second
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 denote
                 how
                 great
                 a
                 benefit
                 and
                 advantage
                 accrew'd
                 to
                 the
                 Husbandmen
                 by
                 the
                 invention
                 of
                 the
                 Plow
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Third
                 Bacchus
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 was
                 born
                 at
                 Thebes
                 in
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 and
                 Semele
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Cadmus
                 ;
                 for
                 Jupiter
                 being
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 her
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 her
                 extraordinary
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 is
                 said
                 frequently
                 to
                 lye
                 with
                 her
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 Juno
                 was
                 so
                 inflam'd
                 with
                 Jealousy
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 be
                 reveng'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Girl
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 this
                 end
                 (
                 minding
                 to
                 deceive
                 her
                 (
                 she
                 appear'd
                 in
                 the
                 shape
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 her
                 Servants
                 ,
                 and
                 perswaded
                 Semele
                 (
                 who
                 never
                 suspected
                 any
                 finister
                 design
                 )
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 very
                 fitting
                 that
                 Jupiter
                 should
                 lye
                 with
                 her
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 splendour
                 ,
                 and
                 glorious
                 appearance
                 as
                 he
                 did
                 with
                 Juno
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 Semele
                 over
                 perswaded
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 honour
                 her
                 in
                 his
                 Addresses
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 he
                 did
                 Juno
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 visited
                 her
                 in
                 Thunder
                 and
                 Lightning
                 ,
                 which
                 kill'd
                 the
                 young
                 Lady
                 ,
                 causing
                 her
                 to
                 miscarry
                 ;
                 and
                 Jupiter
                 forthwith
                 clapt
                 up
                 the
                 Infant
                 within
                 his
                 Thigh
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 full
                 time
                 of
                 his
                 Birth
                 ,
                 he
                 convey'd
                 him
                 to
                 Nysa
                 in
                 Arabia
                 ,
                 where
                 being
                 nurs'd
                 by
                 Nymphs
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 call'd
                 from
                 his
                 Father
                 and
                 the
                 Place
                 *
                 Dionysus
                 .
                 Being
                 a
                 very
                 Beautiful
                 Young
                 Man
                 ,
                 he
                 spent
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 his
                 Youth
                 in
                 Dancing
                 ,
                 Plays
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Sports
                 and
                 Pleasures
                 with
                 Young
                 Women
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 got
                 together
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Women
                 arm'd
                 with
                 †
                 Launces
                 ,
                 and
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 Garlands
                 of
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 and
                 marcht
                 with
                 'em
                 through
                 all
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 teaching
                 Men
                 his
                 Mysterious
                 Rites
                 and
                 Ceremonies
                 ,
                 yet
                 imparting
                 them
                 only
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 liv'd
                 virtuously
                 and
                 piously
                 .
                 He
                 every
                 where
                 likewise
                 instituted
                 Festival
                 Days
                 ,
                 and
                 General
                 Meetings
                 for
                 Sports
                 and
                 Dancings
                 ,
                 and
                 compos'd
                 Differences
                 both
                 in
                 Cities
                 and
                 Countries
                 ;
                 and
                 instead
                 of
                 Wars
                 and
                 Seditions
                 ,
                 establish'd
                 Peace
                 and
                 Concord
                 amongst
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 the
                 noise
                 of
                 his
                 coming
                 to
                 any
                 Place
                 was
                 spread
                 Abroad
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 kind
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 great
                 a
                 Benefactor
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 improving
                 and
                 civilizing
                 the
                 Manners
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 they
                 ran
                 out
                 flocking
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 to
                 receive
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 some
                 few
                 Proud
                 and
                 Impious
                 Persons
                 despis'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 forth
                 that
                 he
                 carry'd
                 *
                 Women
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 
                 to
                 gratify
                 his
                 Lusts
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 taught
                 his
                 Rites
                 and
                 Ceremonies
                 ,
                 meerly
                 to
                 commit
                 Whoredom
                 with
                 strange
                 Women
                 ;
                 but
                 of
                 these
                 he
                 took
                 a
                 speedy
                 Revenge
                 ;
                 for
                 whenever
                 he
                 exerted
                 his
                 divine
                 power
                 in
                 punishing
                 the
                 Wicked
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 he
                 struck
                 them
                 with
                 Madness
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 other
                 times
                 caus'd
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 torn
                 in
                 pieces
                 by
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 Women
                 ;
                 and
                 sometimes
                 by
                 his
                 Sovereign
                 Skill
                 in
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 
                 caus'd
                 his
                 Enemies
                 suddainly
                 to
                 be
                 Slain
                 .
                 For
                 instead
                 of
                 the
                 Launces
                 ,
                 he
                 ordered
                 his
                 Bacchides
                 to
                 carry
                 Darts
                 wrapt
                 round
                 with
                 Ivy
                 at
                 the
                 Points
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 (
                 on
                 a
                 suddain
                 and
                 unexpectedly
                 )
                 they
                 assaulted
                 and
                 wounded
                 to
                 Death
                 the
                 Kings
                 that
                 were
                 ignorant
                 of
                 the
                 Stratagem
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 despis'd
                 and
                 contemn'd
                 them
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 Women
                 .
              
               
                 Amongst
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 punish'd
                 by
                 him
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 considerable
                 and
                 eminent
                 were
                 Pentheus
                 the
                 Grecian
                 ,
                 and
                 Myrrhanus
                 the
                 Indian
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 Lycurgus
                 of
                 Thrace
                 .
                 For
                 Bacchus
                 intending
                 to
                 transport
                 his
                 Forces
                 out
                 of
                 Asia
                 into
                 Europe
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 Lycurgus
                 King
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 whose
                 Country
                 was
                 wash'd
                 by
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 Bacchus
                 had
                 transported
                 his
                 Bacchides
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Allies
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 Lycurgus
                 )
                 commanded
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 to
                 set
                 upon
                 Bacchus
                 and
                 all
                 his
                 mad
                 Crew
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 cut
                 them
                 all
                 off
                 .
                 Of
                 which
                 Bacchus
                 being
                 inform'd
                 by
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Tharops
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 no
                 little
                 amaz'd
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 had
                 but
                 a
                 few
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 being
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 himself
                 secretly
                 pass'd
                 over
                 to
                 his
                 Army
                 :
                 But
                 Lycurgus
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 cut
                 the
                 throats
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Bacchides
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 behind
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Place
                 call'd
                 Nisius
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 therefore
                 as
                 Bacchus
                 had
                 transported
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 he
                 fought
                 the
                 Thracians
                 ,
                 and
                 overcame
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 taken
                 Lycurgus
                 Prisoner
                 ,
                 first
                 pluck'd
                 out
                 his
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 put
                 him
                 to
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Torments
                 
                 he
                 could
                 devise
                 ,
                 and
                 us'd
                 him
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Contempt
                 and
                 Disgrace
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 he
                 nail'd
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 Cross
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 in
                 Recompence
                 to
                 Tharops
                 
                 for
                 the
                 Kindness
                 shew'd
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 advanc'd
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 and
                 taught
                 him
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 Celebrating
                 the
                 Mysteries
                 of
                 his
                 Solemnities
                 call'd
                 Orgyae
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Oeagrus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Tharops
                 ,
                 succeeded
                 his
                 Father
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 being
                 instructed
                 by
                 him
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 mysterious
                 Rites
                 and
                 Ceremonies
                 .
                 Oeagrus
                 afterwards
                 taught
                 them
                 Orpheus
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 being
                 eminent
                 for
                 his
                 Learning
                 and
                 Ingenuity
                 )
                 chang'd
                 many
                 things
                 in
                 the
                 Orgyae
                 .
                 Hence
                 those
                 Rites
                 and
                 Mysteries
                 first
                 instituted
                 by
                 *
                 Bacchus
                 were
                 afterwards
                 call'd
                 Orphea
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Poets
                 ,
                 among
                 whom
                 is
                 Antimachus
                 ,
                 say
                 ,
                 Lycurgus
                 was
                 not
                 King
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 Arabia
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 treacherously
                 set
                 upon
                 Bacchus
                 and
                 his
                 Bacchides
                 in
                 Nysa
                 in
                 Arabia
                 :
                 And
                 further
                 relate
                 that
                 Bacchus
                 having
                 every
                 where
                 punish'd
                 the
                 wicked
                 and
                 rewarded
                 the
                 good
                 ,
                 return'd
                 out
                 of
                 India
                 ,
                 mounted
                 upon
                 an
                 Elephant
                 ,
                 into
                 Thebes
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 he
                 spent
                 three
                 Years
                 in
                 his
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 the
                 Grecians
                 celebrate
                 the
                 Festivals
                 call'd
                 Trieteriades
                 .
                 And
                 report
                 that
                 being
                 
                 loaden
                 with
                 the
                 Spoils
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 was
                 brought
                 in
                 Triumph
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 These
                 are
                 the
                 Genealogies
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 unanimous
                 Consent
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Ancients
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 in
                 Greece
                 contend
                 for
                 the
                 Place
                 of
                 his
                 Birth
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 
                   Eleans
                   ,
                   Naxians
                
                 and
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Eleutherae
                 ,
                 the
                 Teians
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 ,
                 appropriate
                 his
                 Birth
                 each
                 particularly
                 to
                 themselves
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Teians
                 for
                 Confirmation
                 
                 of
                 what
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 bring
                 this
                 Argument
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Spring
                 in
                 their
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 some
                 certain
                 times
                 streams
                 forth
                 most
                 rich
                 and
                 fragrant
                 Wine
                 :
                 And
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 shew
                 Parcels
                 of
                 Land
                 dedicated
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 others
                 (
                 from
                 ancient
                 Tradition
                 )
                 sacred
                 Groves
                 and
                 consecrated
                 Temples
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 Truth
                 since
                 this
                 God
                 has
                 left
                 behind
                 him
                 many
                 Tokens
                 of
                 his
                 Beneficence
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 of
                 his
                 personal
                 Presence
                 in
                 most
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 no
                 wonder
                 that
                 every
                 one
                 affirms
                 that
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 and
                 City
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 Place
                 that
                 was
                 especially
                 dear
                 to
                 Bacchus
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Poet
                 in
                 his
                 Hymns
                 confirms
                 what
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 declar'd
                 ,
                 where
                 speaking
                 
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 doubt
                 the
                 Place
                 of
                 his
                 Birth
                 ,
                 brings
                 him
                 in
                 as
                 born
                 at
                 Nysa
                 in
                 Arabia
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 —
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Some
                   
                     Dracanum
                     ,
                     Icarus
                  
                   some
                   ,
                   some
                   Naxus
                   name
                   ,
                
                 
                   Places
                   from
                   which
                   the
                   divine
                   Bacchus
                   came
                   .
                
                 
                   From
                   Thebes
                   some
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   thy
                   curling
                   Streams
                
                 
                   Alphaeus
                   others
                   say
                   :
                   All
                   silly
                   Dreams
                   .
                
                 
                   Thee
                   Father
                   JOVE
                   in
                   secret
                   brought
                   to
                   Light
                
                 
                   Fearful
                   of
                   Men's
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   fair
                   
                   Juno's
                   Sight
                   ,
                
                 
                   On
                   Nysas
                   Mount
                   adorn'd
                   with
                   pleasant
                   Woods
                
                 
                   Far
                   from
                   Phoenician
                   Coasts
                   near
                   
                   Egypt's
                   Floods
                   .
                
              
               
                 Yet
                 I
                 am
                 not
                 ignorant
                 that
                 the
                 Africans
                 inhabiting
                 the
                 Sea-coasts
                 ,
                 do
                 themselves
                 challenge
                 the
                 Birth
                 Place
                 of
                 this
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 say
                 that
                 what
                 things
                 are
                 reported
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 by
                 him
                 were
                 done
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 shew
                 many
                 Marks
                 and
                 Signs
                 to
                 prove
                 what
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 which
                 remain
                 among
                 them
                 to
                 this
                 very
                 day
                 :
                 And
                 in
                 further
                 Confirmation
                 hereof
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 Historians
                 and
                 Poets
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 a
                 great
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Modern
                 Writers
                 do
                 agree
                 in
                 this
                 thing
                 concerning
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 not
                 omit
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 is
                 said
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 range
                 under
                 distinct
                 Heads
                 what
                 the
                 Africans
                 have
                 related
                 concerning
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 wherein
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Historians
                 have
                 agreed
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 lastly
                 what
                 Account
                 is
                 given
                 of
                 him
                 by
                 Dionysices
                 ,
                 who
                 compos'd
                 a
                 History
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 Stories
                 and
                 Fables
                 .
                 
                 For
                 he
                 has
                 written
                 a
                 History
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Amazons
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Expedition
                 of
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 War
                 of
                 Troy
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 annexing
                 thereunto
                 several
                 Poems
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 Mythologists
                 and
                 Poets
                 .
                 He
                 says
                 that
                 Linus
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 invented
                 Rhimes
                 and
                 Musick
                 in
                 Greece
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 Cadmus
                 brought
                 Letters
                 out
                 of
                 Phoenicia
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 taught
                 the
                 Grecians
                 to
                 pronounce
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 them
                 their
                 several
                 Names
                 ,
                 and
                 form'd
                 their
                 distinct
                 Characters
                 :
                 Hence
                 these
                 Letters
                 are
                 all
                 generally
                 call'd
                 Phoenician
                 Letters
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 brought
                 over
                 out
                 of
                 Phoenicia
                 into
                 Greece
                 :
                 but
                 they
                 were
                 afterwards
                 call'd
                 Pelasgian
                 Characters
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Pelasgians
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 understood
                 them
                 after
                 they
                 were
                 brought
                 over
                 .
                 He
                 says
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Linus
                 being
                 an
                 excellent
                 Poet
                 and
                 Musician
                 ,
                 had
                 many
                 Scholars
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 there
                 were
                 three
                 that
                 were
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 ,
                 
                   Hercules
                   ,
                   Themyris
                
                 and
                 
                   Orpheus
                   .
                   Hercules
                
                 learnt
                 to
                 play
                 upon
                 the
                 Harp
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 very
                 dull
                 and
                 unapt
                 to
                 learn
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 sometimes
                 box'd
                 and
                 beaten
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 at
                 length
                 so
                 inrag'd
                 that
                 he
                 kill'd
                 his
                 Master
                 by
                 a
                 Blow
                 with
                 his
                 Harp.
                 Themyris
                 was
                 very
                 ingenions
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 himself
                 wholly
                 to
                 Musick
                 ;
                 and
                 grew
                 so
                 eminent
                 therein
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 boast
                 he
                 could
                 sing
                 more
                 sweetly
                 and
                 melodiously
                 than
                 the
                 Muses
                 themselves
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 the
                 Goddesses
                 were
                 so
                 inrag'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 both
                 depriv'd
                 him
                 of
                 his
                 Art
                 ,
                 and
                 struck
                 him
                 blind
                 besides
                 ,
                 as
                 Homer
                 affirms
                 in
                 these
                 Verses
                 ,
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Themyris
                   then
                   by
                   th'
                   Muses
                   was
                   envy'd
                
                 
                   And
                   of
                   his
                   Art
                   the
                   Thracian
                   they
                   depriv'd
                   .
                
              
               
                 And
                 then
                 again
                 ,
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Th'
                   inraged
                   Goddesses
                   then
                   struck
                   him
                   blind
                
                 
                   That
                   th'
                   way
                   to
                   Sing
                   or
                   Play
                   he
                   could
                   not
                   find
                   .
                
              
               
                 Of
                 Orpheus
                 ,
                 the
                 last
                 of
                 his
                 Scholars
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 speak
                 particularly
                 when
                 we
                 come
                 to
                 what
                 concerns
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Linus
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 writ
                 in
                 *
                 Pelasgian
                 Letters
                 ,
                 the
                 Acts
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 other
                 Stories
                 in
                 his
                 Writings
                 behind
                 him
                 .
                 Orpheus
                 ,
                 likewise
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 us'd
                 the
                 same
                 Characters
                 ,
                 and
                 Pronapides
                 ,
                 Homer's
                 Master
                 ,
                 an
                 ingenious
                 Musician
                 .
                 Thymaetes
                 also
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Thymaetus
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Leomedon
                 ,
                 who
                 liv'd
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Orpheus
                 ,
                 and
                 travell'd
                 through
                 many
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Western
                 Parts
                 of
                 Lybia
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Ocean
                 :
                 This
                 Thymaetes
                 visited
                 likewise
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 Nysa
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 Bacchus
                 was
                 brought
                 up
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 reported
                 by
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Inhabitants
                 ;
                 where
                 being
                 instructed
                 by
                 the
                 Nysians
                 ,
                 he
                 wrote
                 a
                 Poesy
                 call'd
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 particular
                 Actions
                 of
                 this
                 God
                 ,
                 in
                 very
                 old
                 Language
                 and
                 Character
                 .
                 
                 Amongst
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 he
                 says
                 ,
                 that
                 Ammon
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 reigning
                 in
                 some
                 Part
                 of
                 Lybia
                 ,
                 marry'd
                 Rhea
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Coelus
                 ,
                 Sister
                 of
                 Saturn
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Titans
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 first
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 he
                 met
                 with
                 a
                 beautiful
                 Virgin
                 call'd
                 Amalthea
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 *
                 Ceraunean
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 and
                 falling
                 in
                 Love
                 with
                 her
                 ,
                 begat
                 a
                 Son
                 of
                 her
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 afterwards
                 famous
                 and
                 admirable
                 both
                 for
                 Strength
                 and
                 Comeliness
                 of
                 Person
                 ;
                 afterwards
                 he
                 made
                 Amalthea
                 Queen
                 of
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Nations
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 its
                 Situation
                 being
                 in
                 shape
                 of
                 an
                 Ox's
                 Horn
                 ,
                 was
                 therefore
                 call'd
                 the
                 Western
                 Horn
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Soyl
                 is
                 so
                 very
                 rich
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 abounds
                 with
                 Vines
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 .
                 Being
                 possess'd
                 of
                 this
                 Country
                 ,
                 she
                 call'd
                 it
                 after
                 her
                 own
                 Name
                 ,
                 
                 Amalthea's
                 Horn.
                 And
                 therefore
                 Posterity
                 call
                 every
                 rich
                 Piece
                 of
                 Land
                 that
                 abounds
                 with
                 Fruit-trees
                 ,
                 
                 Amalthea's
                 Horn.
                 
              
               
                 But
                 Ammon
                 fearing
                 the
                 rageful
                 Jealousy
                 of
                 Rhea
                 ,
                 conceal'd
                 his
                 Adultery
                 ,
                 and
                 privately
                 sent
                 away
                 the
                 Child
                 afar
                 off
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 Nysa
                 ,
                 which
                 lyes
                 in
                 an
                 Island
                 almost
                 inaccessible
                 ,
                 surrounded
                 with
                 the
                 River
                 Triton
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 there
                 is
                 but
                 one
                 
                 strait
                 and
                 narrow
                 Entrance
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 Nysian
                 Gates
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Land
                 there
                 is
                 very
                 rich
                 ,
                 abounding
                 with
                 pleasant
                 Meadows
                 ,
                 Gardens
                 and
                 Orchards
                 ,
                 water'd
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 with
                 refreshing
                 Streams
                 ;
                 wherein
                 grow
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruit-trees
                 and
                 Vines
                 ,
                 which
                 grow
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 running
                 up
                 upon
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 Trees
                 .
                 A
                 gentle
                 ,
                 cooling
                 and
                 refreshing
                 Wind
                 pierces
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 ,
                 which
                 makes
                 the
                 Place
                 exceeding
                 healthful
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 live
                 much
                 longer
                 here
                 ,
                 than
                 any
                 others
                 in
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Countries
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 Entrance
                 into
                 the
                 Island
                 runs
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 long
                 Vale
                 ,
                 shaded
                 all
                 along
                 with
                 high
                 and
                 lofty
                 Trees
                 ,
                 so
                 thick
                 ,
                 that
                 only
                 a
                 dim
                 and
                 glimmering
                 light
                 passes
                 through
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Fiery
                 Beams
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 enter
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 to
                 offend
                 the
                 Passenger
                 .
                 In
                 passing
                 along
                 ,
                 drill
                 many
                 Sweet
                 and
                 Christal
                 Springs
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Place
                 is
                 most
                 pleasant
                 and
                 delightful
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 have
                 a
                 desire
                 there
                 to
                 divert
                 themselves
                 .
                 When
                 you
                 are
                 out
                 of
                 this
                 Vale
                 ,
                 a
                 pleasant
                 and
                 very
                 large
                 Grota
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 round
                 Form
                 ,
                 presents
                 it self
                 ,
                 arch'd
                 over
                 with
                 an
                 exceeding
                 high
                 Craggy
                 Rock
                 ,
                 bespangled
                 with
                 Stones
                 of
                 divers
                 resplendent
                 Colours
                 ;
                 for
                 being
                 exchequer'd
                 ,
                 some
                 sparkl'd
                 with
                 Purple
                 Rays
                 ,
                 some
                 with
                 Azure
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 darted
                 forth
                 their
                 refulgent
                 Beauty
                 in
                 divers
                 other
                 Colours
                 ,
                 no
                 Colour
                 being
                 ever
                 known
                 ,
                 but
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 seen
                 there
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 Entrance
                 grew
                 Trees
                 of
                 a
                 strange
                 and
                 wonderful
                 Nature
                 ,
                 some
                 bearing
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 others
                 always
                 green
                 and
                 flourishing
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 created
                 only
                 by
                 Nature
                 to
                 delight
                 the
                 sight
                 :
                 In
                 these
                 nested
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Birds
                 ,
                 whose
                 Colour
                 and
                 pleasant
                 Notes
                 ,
                 even
                 ravisht
                 the
                 Senses
                 with
                 sweet
                 delight
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Place
                 round
                 ,
                 imparted
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Divine
                 Pleasure
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 the
                 Eye
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Ear
                 ;
                 the
                 sweetness
                 of
                 Natural
                 Notes
                 far
                 excelling
                 the
                 Artificial
                 Harmony
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 Musick
                 whatsoever
                 .
                 Passing
                 through
                 this
                 ,
                 appears
                 a
                 large
                 and
                 spacious
                 Grota
                 ,
                 in
                 every
                 part
                 inlightned
                 by
                 the
                 bright
                 Rays
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 :
                 Here
                 grow
                 various
                 sorts
                 of
                 Flowers
                 and
                 Plants
                 ,
                 especially
                 Cassia
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 that
                 perpetually
                 preserve
                 their
                 sweet
                 Odours
                 in
                 their
                 natural
                 Strength
                 .
                 Here
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 many
                 pleasant
                 Apartments
                 of
                 the
                 Nymphs
                 ,
                 (
                 compos'd
                 of
                 various
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 planted
                 in
                 that
                 order
                 by
                 wise
                 Nature's
                 Hands
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 by
                 Man's
                 Art
                 )
                 fit
                 to
                 receive
                 even
                 the
                 Gods
                 themselves
                 .
                 Within
                 all
                 this
                 pleasant
                 Round
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 a
                 Flower
                 or
                 Leaf
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 wither'd
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 decay'd
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Spectators
                 are
                 not
                 only
                 delighted
                 with
                 the
                 sight
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 transported
                 with
                 the
                 Pleasures
                 
                 of
                 the
                 fragrant
                 Smells
                 ,
                 and
                 sweet
                 Odours
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 this
                 Cave
                 the
                 Child
                 was
                 brought
                 by
                 Ammon
                 ,
                 and
                 committed
                 to
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 Nysa
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Sisters
                 of
                 Aristeus
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 up
                 ;
                 but
                 ordered
                 Aristeus
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Tutor
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 a
                 Prudent
                 ,
                 Honest
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 Learned
                 Man
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 the
                 Child
                 might
                 be
                 the
                 beteer
                 secur'd
                 against
                 the
                 mischievous
                 Contrivances
                 of
                 his
                 Stepmother
                 Rhea
                 ,
                 to
                 these
                 was
                 joyn'd
                 Minerva
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Guardian
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 River
                 Triton
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 brought
                 forth
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 these
                 Times
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 from
                 thence
                 she
                 was
                 call'd
                 *
                 Tritonides
                 .
                 They
                 report
                 that
                 this
                 Goddess
                 liv'd
                 a
                 Virgin
                 all
                 her
                 Days
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 being
                 likewise
                 endu'd
                 with
                 extraordinary
                 Wisdom
                 ,
                 she
                 found
                 out
                 many
                 Arts
                 and
                 Sciences
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 her
                 strength
                 of
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 Manly
                 Courage
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 imploy'd
                 her self
                 in
                 feats
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 Wars
                 .
                 Amongst
                 her
                 other
                 Actions
                 ,
                 this
                 was
                 one
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 kill'd
                 Aegides
                 a
                 terrible
                 Monster
                 ,
                 before
                 esteem'd
                 invincible
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 the
                 Birth
                 of
                 †
                 Terra
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 in
                 an
                 horrible
                 manner
                 )
                 naturally
                 breath'd
                 forth
                 Flames
                 of
                 Fire
                 at
                 her
                 Mouth
                 .
                 This
                 Monster
                 first
                 appear'd
                 in
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 and
                 burnt
                 up
                 the
                 whole
                 Country
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 therefore
                 call'd
                 Burnt
                 Phrygia
                 at
                 this
                 Day
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 she
                 bent
                 her
                 Course
                 to
                 the
                 Places
                 about
                 Mount
                 Taurus
                 ,
                 and
                 burnt
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 all
                 the
                 Woods
                 and
                 Forests
                 all
                 along
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 India
                 :
                 Thence
                 she
                 mov'd
                 towards
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 ,
                 and
                 burnt
                 down
                 the
                 Cedars
                 upon
                 Mount
                 Libanus
                 in
                 Phaenicia
                 :
                 Thence
                 passing
                 through
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 she
                 burnt
                 up
                 Lybia
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Western
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 till
                 at
                 length
                 she
                 set
                 on
                 Fire
                 all
                 the
                 Woods
                 upon
                 the
                 Ceraunian
                 Mountains
                 .
                 The
                 Earth
                 being
                 thus
                 all
                 in
                 a
                 Flame
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 partly
                 consum'd
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 through
                 Fear
                 ,
                 having
                 forsaken
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 Minerva
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 eminently
                 furnish'd
                 both
                 with
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Courage
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 this
                 Monster
                 ;
                 and
                 wore
                 its
                 Skin
                 upon
                 her
                 Breast
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 both
                 as
                 a
                 Breast-plate
                 and
                 Coat
                 of
                 Mail
                 against
                 future
                 Encounters
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 as
                 a
                 Memorial
                 of
                 her
                 Valour
                 and
                 glorious
                 Victory
                 .
              
               
                 Terra
                 ,
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 this
                 Monster
                 ,
                 being
                 hereat
                 inrag'd
                 ,
                 in
                 revenge
                 brought
                 forth
                 the
                 Giants
                 ,
                 those
                 implacable
                 Enemies
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 afterwards
                 destroy'd
                 by
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 
                   Minerva
                   ,
                   Bacchus
                
                 and
                 other
                 Deities
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 as
                 for
                 Dionysus
                 bred
                 up
                 in
                 Nysa
                 ,
                 and
                 instructed
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 learned
                 Arts
                 
                 and
                 Sciences
                 ,
                 he
                 grew
                 not
                 only
                 eminent
                 for
                 the
                 Strength
                 and
                 Beauty
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 Endowments
                 of
                 his
                 Mind
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 his
                 Inventions
                 of
                 things
                 useful
                 for
                 Man's
                 Life
                 .
                 For
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 but
                 as
                 yet
                 a
                 meer
                 Boy
                 ,
                 he
                 found
                 out
                 the
                 nature
                 and
                 use
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 discovering
                 the
                 pressing
                 of
                 the
                 Clusters
                 of
                 the
                 Vine
                 ,
                 and
                 drying
                 of
                 the
                 Grapes
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 to
                 store
                 them
                 up
                 for
                 future
                 use
                 .
                 He
                 found
                 out
                 likewise
                 what
                 Ground
                 was
                 most
                 proper
                 for
                 the
                 planting
                 of
                 every
                 thing
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 hopes
                 of
                 attaining
                 unto
                 Immortal
                 Honour
                 for
                 the
                 great
                 Benefits
                 and
                 Advantages
                 of
                 those
                 things
                 by
                 him
                 discover'd
                 ,
                 he
                 communicated
                 his
                 Inventions
                 to
                 Mankind
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 his
                 Fame
                 and
                 Glory
                 was
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 in
                 every
                 Place
                 ,
                 Rhea
                 (
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 )
                 inrag'd
                 at
                 Ammon
                 ,
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 seize
                 Dionysus
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 disappointed
                 in
                 her
                 Design
                 ,
                 she
                 forsook
                 Ammon
                 ,
                 and
                 returning
                 to
                 her
                 Brother
                 the
                 Titans
                 ,
                 Marry'd
                 her
                 Brother
                 Saturn
                 ,
                 who
                 at
                 the
                 instigation
                 of
                 Rhea
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 Brothers
                 ,
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 Ammon
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 Battel
                 routed
                 him
                 .
                 That
                 Ammon
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 Famine
                 was
                 forc't
                 to
                 fly
                 into
                 Crete
                 ,
                 and
                 marry'd
                 Geta
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Daughters
                 of
                 the
                 Curati
                 ,
                 then
                 reigning
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 her
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 it
                 after
                 his
                 Wife's
                 Name
                 Gete
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 before
                 called
                 Idea
                 .
              
               
                 Saturn
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 having
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Ammon
                 ,
                 govern'd
                 cruelly
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 marcht
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 to
                 Nysa
                 against
                 Dionysus
                 ,
                 who
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 routing
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Confederacy
                 of
                 the
                 Titans
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 Souldiers
                 in
                 Nysa
                 ,
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 of
                 which
                 were
                 bred
                 up
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 eminent
                 for
                 Valour
                 ,
                 so
                 they
                 were
                 great
                 Lovers
                 of
                 Dionysus
                 .
                 He
                 confederated
                 likewise
                 with
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 
                   Lybians
                   ,
                   Africans
                
                 and
                 the
                 Amazons
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 related
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 both
                 valiant
                 ,
                 and
                 us'd
                 to
                 send
                 great
                 Forces
                 abroad
                 in
                 other
                 Countries
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 brought
                 many
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 under
                 their
                 Dominion
                 .
                 They
                 were
                 brought
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 into
                 this
                 Confederacy
                 chiefly
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 Minerva
                 ,
                 who
                 minded
                 the
                 same
                 way
                 and
                 course
                 of
                 Life
                 as
                 they
                 did
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Amazons
                 were
                 both
                 Warriers
                 and
                 Virgins
                 .
                 The
                 Army
                 with
                 Dionysus
                 was
                 divided
                 into
                 Two
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 the
                 Men
                 commanded
                 by
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Women
                 by
                 Minerva
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 this
                 Order
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 violent
                 Charge
                 upon
                 the
                 Titans
                 :
                 The
                 Ingagement
                 was
                 very
                 hot
                 ,
                 and
                 great
                 numbers
                 fell
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 :
                 At
                 length
                 upon
                 a
                 Wound
                 given
                 to
                 
                   Saturn
                   ,
                   Dionysus
                
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 who
                 signaliz'd
                 his
                 Valour
                 in
                 this
                 Battel
                 above
                 all
                 others
                 .
                 The
                 Titans
                 then
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Places
                 formerly
                 belonging
                 to
                 Ammon
                 ,
                 and
                 Dionysus
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Prisoners
                 return'd
                 to
                 Nysa
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 surrounded
                 them
                 with
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 in
                 an
                 Harangue
                 ,
                 accus'd
                 the
                 Titans
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 all
                 thought
                 they
                 must
                 every
                 Man
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 :
                 But
                 forthwith
                 pardoning
                 them
                 all
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 them
                 liberty
                 either
                 to
                 go
                 Home
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 Arms
                 with
                 him
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 they
                 all
                 chose
                 to
                 serve
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 their
                 suddain
                 and
                 surprizing
                 Deliverance
                 ,
                 all
                 ador'd
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 God.
                 Then
                 giving
                 to
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 a
                 Cup
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Sacred
                 Pledge
                 of
                 their
                 Fidelity
                 ,
                 he
                 caus'd
                 them
                 Man
                 by
                 Man
                 to
                 swear
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 serve
                 him
                 faithfully
                 ,
                 and
                 fight
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 This
                 Rite
                 and
                 Ceremony
                 of
                 pledging
                 their
                 Faith
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 by
                 pouring
                 out
                 and
                 drinking
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 being
                 then
                 first
                 begun
                 ,
                 was
                 afterwards
                 imitated
                 by
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 and
                 Truces
                 and
                 Leagues
                 in
                 times
                 of
                 War
                 were
                 called
                 *
                 Libations
                 .
              
               
                 Dionysus
                 afterwards
                 undertaking
                 a
                 War
                 against
                 Saturn
                 ,
                 and
                 marching
                 out
                 of
                 Nysa
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 they
                 report
                 that
                 Aristaeus
                 his
                 Tutor
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 First
                 that
                 with
                 great
                 Solemnity
                 offered
                 Sacrifices
                 to
                 him
                 as
                 to
                 a
                 God.
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 the
                 noblest
                 of
                 the
                 Nysaeans
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Silenians
                 ,
                 were
                 his
                 Companions
                 .
                 For
                 Selenus
                 was
                 the
                 First
                 that
                 reign'd
                 in
                 this
                 Island
                 ,
                 who
                 is
                 so
                 very
                 ancient
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 knows
                 his
                 Original
                 :
                 And
                 forasmuch
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 Tail
                 growing
                 out
                 at
                 his
                 Rump
                 ,
                 his
                 Posterity
                 partaking
                 of
                 his
                 nature
                 ,
                 had
                 the
                 same
                 Badge
                 .
                 Dionysus
                 therefore
                 marcht
                 away
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 (
                 and
                 after
                 much
                 toyl
                 and
                 hazard
                 for
                 lack
                 of
                 Water
                 passing
                 through
                 many
                 Deserts
                 ,
                 infested
                 with
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 )
                 he
                 came
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 †
                 Zabima
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 Lybia
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 encamp'd
                 ;
                 near
                 to
                 this
                 place
                 he
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Monster
                 (
                 the
                 Spawn
                 of
                 *
                 Terra
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Campes
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 destroy'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 high
                 Reputation
                 among
                 the
                 People
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 .
                 He
                 rais'd
                 a
                 Mount
                 of
                 Earth
                 over
                 this
                 Monstrous
                 Beast
                 he
                 had
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 to
                 leave
                 an
                 everlasting
                 Monument
                 of
                 his
                 Valour
                 to
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 which
                 remains
                 to
                 this
                 very
                 day
                 .
                 Thence
                 he
                 marcht
                 against
                 the
                 Titans
                 ,
                 causing
                 his
                 Army
                 
                 to
                 pass
                 quietly
                 and
                 orderly
                 through
                 all
                 Places
                 ,
                 carrying
                 himself
                 courteously
                 and
                 civilly
                 towards
                 all
                 ;
                 assuring
                 every
                 Body
                 that
                 he
                 undertook
                 this
                 Expedition
                 for
                 no
                 other
                 Reason
                 but
                 to
                 punish
                 the
                 Impious
                 ,
                 and
                 benefit
                 all
                 Mankind
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 Lybians
                 admiring
                 his
                 good
                 Order
                 and
                 Discipline
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Greatnese
                 of
                 his
                 Mind
                 ,
                 largely
                 supply'd
                 his
                 Army
                 with
                 Provision
                 ,
                 and
                 freely
                 join'd
                 with
                 him
                 as
                 Confederates
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 approaching
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Ammon
                 ,
                 he
                 routed
                 Saturn
                 again
                 before
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 who
                 afterwards
                 set
                 the
                 City
                 on
                 Fire
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 purpose
                 to
                 destroy
                 the
                 ancient
                 Palace
                 of
                 Ammon
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 Wife
                 
                 Rhea
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 of
                 his
                 distressed
                 Friends
                 ,
                 secretly
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 But
                 Dionysus
                 was
                 nothing
                 like
                 to
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Temper
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 pardon'd
                 Saturn
                 and
                 Rhea
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 being
                 his
                 Kindred
                 ,
                 but
                 intreated
                 them
                 that
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 they
                 would
                 as
                 his
                 Parents
                 love
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 live
                 with
                 him
                 as
                 his
                 choicest
                 and
                 most
                 beloved
                 Friends
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 Rhea
                 lov'd
                 him
                 all
                 her
                 Life
                 long
                 as
                 dearly
                 as
                 her
                 own
                 Son
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 love
                 of
                 Saturn
                 was
                 deceitful
                 .
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Saturn
                 and
                 Rhea
                 had
                 a
                 Son
                 born
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 advanc'd
                 to
                 many
                 Places
                 of
                 Honour
                 by
                 Dionysus
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 became
                 King
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 Virtuous
                 Qualifications
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Africans
                 had
                 inform'd
                 Dionysus
                 before
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 that
                 Ammon
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 he
                 was
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 foretold
                 ,
                 that
                 after
                 a
                 certain
                 time
                 his
                 Son
                 Dionysus
                 would
                 recover
                 his
                 Father's
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 inlarge
                 his
                 Dominion
                 over
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 should
                 be
                 ador'd
                 as
                 a
                 God.
                 Dionysus
                 hereupon
                 concluding
                 that
                 the
                 Prophesie
                 would
                 certainly
                 take
                 effect
                 ,
                 he
                 built
                 a
                 Temple
                 and
                 a
                 City
                 to
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 order'd
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 worshipt
                 as
                 a
                 God
                 ,
                 constituted
                 Priests
                 for
                 the
                 Oracle
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 reported
                 that
                 Ammon
                 was
                 portray'd
                 with
                 a
                 Ram's
                 Head
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 always
                 wore
                 an
                 Helmet
                 in
                 the
                 Wars
                 of
                 that
                 shape
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 that
                 *
                 report
                 he
                 had
                 Horns
                 naturally
                 growing
                 out
                 at
                 his
                 Temples
                 ;
                 and
                 hence
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Son
                 Dionysus
                 is
                 represented
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 ;
                 and
                 modern
                 Authors
                 do
                 deliver
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 most
                 certain
                 Truth
                 ,
                 That
                 this
                 God
                 was
                 Horn'd
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 built
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 setled
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 he
                 first
                 consulted
                 with
                 this
                 new
                 God
                 ,
                 concerning
                 his
                 intended
                 Expeditions
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 his
                 Father
                 answer'd
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 doing
                 good
                 to
                 all
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 attain
                 to
                 an
                 Estate
                 of
                 Immortality
                 .
                 Being
                 thus
                 incourag'd
                 ,
                 he
                 first
                 invaded
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Jupiter
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Saturn
                 and
                 Rhea
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 but
                 then
                 a
                 Boy
                 :
                 But
                 appointed
                 Olympus
                 his
                 Assistant
                 and
                 Tutor
                 ,
                 by
                 whose
                 Instructions
                 he
                 attain'd
                 to
                 a
                 high
                 degree
                 of
                 Virtue
                 and
                 noble
                 Endowments
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 was
                 call'd
                 
                   Jupiter
                   Olympus
                
                 .
              
               
                 Dionysus
                 was
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 taught
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 planting
                 ,
                 and
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 Vine
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 keep
                 and
                 store
                 up
                 Wine
                 ,
                 †
                 Apples
                 and
                 other
                 Fruits
                 .
                 His
                 Fame
                 was
                 now
                 so
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 in
                 every
                 Place
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 durst
                 oppose
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 submitted
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 Praises
                 and
                 Sacrifices
                 ador'd
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 God.
                 Passing
                 thus
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 ,
                 he
                 planted
                 and
                 improv'd
                 the
                 Countries
                 all
                 along
                 as
                 he
                 went
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 good
                 Acts
                 oblig'd
                 all
                 Mankind
                 to
                 a
                 grateful
                 remembrance
                 ,
                 by
                 rendring
                 him
                 immortal
                 Honour
                 :
                 And
                 whereas
                 all
                 Men
                 have
                 divers
                 Sentiments
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 all
                 agree
                 in
                 the
                 Immortality
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 :
                 For
                 there
                 's
                 neither
                 Greek
                 nor
                 Barbarian
                 ,
                 but
                 have
                 tasted
                 of
                 his
                 Grace
                 and
                 Bounty
                 ;
                 yea
                 ,
                 even
                 those
                 that
                 inhabit
                 the
                 most
                 barren
                 Countries
                 altogether
                 unfit
                 for
                 the
                 Planting
                 of
                 Vines
                 ,
                 learnt
                 of
                 him
                 how
                 to
                 make
                 Drink
                 of
                 Barly
                 ,
                 little
                 inferior
                 for
                 deliciousness
                 of
                 Taste
                 to
                 Wine
                 .
                 
              
               
                 They
                 say
                 moreover
                 ,
                 that
                 Dionysus
                 with
                 a
                 swift
                 March
                 hasted
                 out
                 of
                 India
                 to
                 the
                 *
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 found
                 the
                 Titanes
                 passing
                 over
                 with
                 great
                 Forces
                 into
                 Crete
                 ,
                 against
                 Ammon
                 .
                 And
                 whereas
                 Jupiter
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 had
                 brought
                 over
                 Forces
                 out
                 of
                 Egypt
                 to
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 Ammon
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 War
                 was
                 broke
                 out
                 in
                 that
                 Island
                 ,
                 Dionysus
                 forthwith
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 Minerva
                 and
                 others
                 (
                 reputed
                 to
                 be
                 Gods
                 )
                 transported
                 Aids
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 Crete
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 was
                 fought
                 a
                 great
                 Battel
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 Dionysans
                 were
                 Victors
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Titanes
                 were
                 every
                 Man
                 cut
                 
                 off
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 Ammon
                 and
                 Bacchus
                 were
                 translated
                 to
                 a
                 state
                 of
                 Immortality
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Titanes
                 now
                 utterly
                 extinct
                 ,
                 )
                 Jupiter
                 became
                 Lord
                 of
                 the
                 Universe
                 ,
                 none
                 daring
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 impious
                 as
                 to
                 oppose
                 him
                 .
              
               
               
                 These
                 are
                 the
                 things
                 which
                 the
                 Libyans
                 say
                 were
                 done
                 by
                 the
                 first
                 Bacchus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Ammon
                 and
                 Amalthea
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Second
                 Bacchus
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 was
                 Son
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 by
                 Io
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Inachus
                 ,
                 and
                 reign'd
                 in
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 taught
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 divine
                 Worship
                 and
                 Sacrifices
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Third
                 was
                 the
                 Issue
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 and
                 Semele
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 among
                 the
                 Grecians
                 a
                 Rival
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 Two
                 before
                 mention'd
                 .
                 For
                 making
                 it
                 his
                 business
                 to
                 imitate
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 likewise
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 marcht
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 up
                 many
                 Pillars
                 at
                 the
                 utmost
                 ,
                 Bounds
                 of
                 his
                 several
                 Expeditions
                 ,
                 and
                 planted
                 and
                 improv'd
                 likewise
                 the
                 Countries
                 as
                 he
                 went.
                 And
                 as
                 the
                 ancient
                 Bacchus
                 listed
                 the
                 Amazons
                 into
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 so
                 did
                 this
                 other
                 Women
                 .
                 He
                 took
                 likewise
                 much
                 care
                 and
                 pains
                 about
                 the
                 Orgia
                 and
                 Sacred
                 Rites
                 and
                 Ceremonies
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 reform'd
                 ,
                 and
                 added
                 others
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 length
                 of
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 Invention
                 and
                 finding
                 out
                 of
                 things
                 is
                 unknown
                 to
                 many
                 ;
                 this
                 last
                 Bacchus
                 only
                 inherits
                 the
                 Glory
                 and
                 Reputation
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 which
                 Misfortune
                 not
                 only
                 befell
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 Hercules
                 after
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 whereas
                 there
                 was
                 anciently
                 Two
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Name
                 ;
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 (
                 and
                 the
                 more
                 ancient
                 )
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 flourish'd
                 in
                 Egpyt
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 overcome
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 erected
                 a
                 Pillar
                 in
                 Africa
                 .
                 The
                 other
                 was
                 born
                 in
                 Crete
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Idaei
                   Dactyli
                
                 ;
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 Jugler
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 a
                 good
                 Soldier
                 ,
                 and
                 instituted
                 the
                 Olympick
                 Games
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 last
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 by
                 Alcmena
                 ,
                 born
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 the
                 Trojan
                 War
                 :
                 He
                 travel'd
                 through
                 many
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 to
                 execute
                 the
                 Commands
                 of
                 Euristheus
                 ;
                 and
                 succeeded
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 Enterprizes
                 ;
                 he
                 erected
                 a
                 Pillar
                 in
                 Europe
                 .
              
               
                 His
                 Name
                 being
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Actions
                 much
                 like
                 to
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 occasion
                 that
                 what
                 things
                 were
                 done
                 by
                 the
                 ancient
                 
                 Hercules's
                 after
                 their
                 Deaths
                 ,
                 were
                 by
                 Posterity
                 solely
                 ascrib'd
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 there
                 had
                 been
                 never
                 any
                 but
                 one
                 Hercules
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
               
                 Amongst
                 other
                 evident
                 Proofs
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 more
                 than
                 one
                 Dionysus
                 or
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 this
                 very
                 Fight
                 of
                 the
                 Titanes
                 does
                 make
                 it
                 clear
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 's
                 generally
                 acknowledg'd
                 ,
                 that
                 Dionysus
                 was
                 with
                 Jupiter
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Titanes
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 say
                 that
                 it
                 is
                 an
                 absurd
                 and
                 undecent
                 thing
                 to
                 account
                 Semele
                 Contemporary
                 with
                 the
                 Titanes
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 affirm
                 that
                 Cadmus
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Agenor
                 was
                 more
                 ancient
                 than
                 the
                 *
                 Celestial
                 Gods.
                 And
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 things
                 which
                 the
                 Lybians
                 relate
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 .
                 Thus
                 having
                 now
                 perform'd
                 our
                 Promise
                 made
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 here
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 this
                 Third
                 Book
                 .
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               THE
               Historical
               Library
               OF
               
                 Diodorus
                 the
                 Sicilian
              
               .
               BOOK
               IV.
               
            
             
               
                 The
                 PREFACE
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 
                   Am
                   not
                   ignorant
                   that
                   the
                   Writers
                   of
                   Antiquities
                   in
                   many
                   things
                   fall
                   short
                   of
                   the
                   truth
                   in
                   their
                   Relations
                   .
                   For
                   being
                   that
                   ancient
                   things
                   are
                   (
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   )
                   scrap'd
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Rubbish
                   with
                   very
                   great
                   difficulty
                   ,
                   they
                   greatly
                   perplex
                   the
                   Historian
                   .
                   And
                   because
                   the
                   Supputation
                   of
                   Times
                   ,
                   wherein
                   things
                   were
                   done
                   ,
                   cannot
                   now
                   be
                   so
                   exact
                   as
                   to
                   infer
                   an
                   Infallible
                   Argument
                   for
                   the
                   truth
                   of
                   the
                   Actions
                   related
                   ;
                   therefore
                   it
                   is
                   that
                   the
                   Reader
                   despises
                   the
                   Authors
                   of
                   the
                   History
                   .
                   And
                   the
                   multitude
                   and
                   variety
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   Demy-Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Famous
                   Men
                   ,
                   whose
                   Genealogies
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   treated
                   of
                   ,
                   add
                   much
                   more
                   to
                   the
                   difficulty
                   .
                   And
                   the
                   greatest
                   vexation
                   of
                   all
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Writers
                   of
                   Antiquities
                   and
                   Mythologies
                   differ
                   exceedingly
                   in
                   their
                   Relations
                   one
                   from
                   another
                   :
                   And
                   therefore
                   the
                   most
                   fam'd
                   and
                   noted
                   Historians
                   of
                   later
                   Times
                   ,
                   have
                   altogether
                   wav'd
                   Treatises
                   of
                   Ancient
                   Things
                   ,
                   and
                   apply'd
                   themselves
                   to
                   Composing
                   Histories
                   only
                   of
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   happened
                   in
                   Times
                   a
                   little
                   before
                   their
                   own
                   .
                   For
                
                 Ephorus
                 the
                 Cumean
                 ,
                 
                   the
                   Scholar
                   of
                
                 Isocrates
                 ,
                 
                   designing
                   to
                   write
                   a
                   General
                   History
                   ,
                   passing
                   over
                   matter
                   of
                   former
                   Ages
                   ,
                   began
                   his
                   Writings
                   with
                   the
                
                 *
                 
                   Return
                   of
                   the
                
                 Heraclides
                 :
                 Callisthenes
                 and
                 Theopompus
                 ,
                 
                   who
                   were
                   Contemporary
                   ,
                   follow'd
                   the
                   same
                   Method
                   ,
                   and
                   wav'd
                   all
                   matters
                   of
                   Antiquity
                   .
                   But
                   I
                   am
                   of
                   a
                   contrary
                   Opinion
                   from
                   them
                   in
                   this
                   matter
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   the
                   more
                   fully
                   to
                   discharge
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   undertaken
                   ,
                   have
                   resolv'd
                   with
                   the
                   greatest
                   care
                   and
                   diligence
                   I
                   can
                   ,
                   to
                   treat
                   of
                   the
                   Antiquities
                   of
                   Ancient
                   Times
                   :
                   For
                   there
                   are
                   many
                   things
                   ,
                   and
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   very
                   remarkable
                   ,
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   done
                   by
                   the
                   Gods
                   and
                   Demy-Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Famous
                   Men
                   ,
                   to
                   some
                   of
                   whom
                   Posterity
                   for
                   their
                   good
                   Actions
                   to
                   the
                   general
                   benefit
                   of
                   Mankind
                   ,
                   have
                   attributed
                   Divine
                   Honours
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   ador'd
                   others
                   ,
                   by
                   instituting
                   Sacrifices
                   to
                   them
                   as
                   Demy-Gods
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   due
                   praises
                   of
                   all
                   these
                   Worthies
                   are
                   publish'd
                   to
                   the
                   World
                   by
                   History
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Succession
                   of
                   perpetual
                   Generations
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 
                   In
                   the
                   Three
                   former
                   Books
                   ,
                   we
                   have
                   treated
                   of
                   the
                   Affairs
                   of
                   other
                   Nations
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   their
                   Gods
                   ;
                   of
                   the
                   Description
                   of
                   Places
                   in
                   the
                   several
                   Countries
                   ;
                   of
                   the
                   wild
                   Beasts
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   living
                   Creatures
                   bred
                   amongst
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   whatever
                   we
                   judg'd
                   worthy
                   of
                   remark
                   ,
                   or
                   strange
                   and
                   wonderful
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   In
                   this
                   Book
                   we
                   shall
                   set
                   forth
                   the
                   Antiquities
                   of
                   the
                
                 Grecians
                 
                   from
                   the
                
                 
                 
                   most
                   ancient
                   Times
                   ,
                   and
                   therein
                   treat
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   Demy-Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   all
                   others
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   famous
                   and
                   remarkable
                   in
                   feats
                   of
                   Arms
                   ,
                   in
                   times
                   of
                   War
                   ,
                   or
                   have
                   found
                   out
                   what
                   has
                   been
                   beneficial
                   to
                   Mankind
                   in
                   times
                   of
                   Peace
                   ,
                   or
                   such
                   as
                   have
                   been
                   Law-makers
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   We
                   shall
                   begin
                   therefore
                   with
                
                 Dionysus
                 or
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 
                   because
                   he
                   's
                   the
                   most
                   ancient
                   ,
                   and
                   did
                   most
                   benefit
                   to
                   Mankind
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   In
                   the
                   former
                   Books
                   we
                   have
                   shew'd
                   how
                   that
                   some
                   of
                   the
                
                 Barbarians
                 
                   have
                   challeng'd
                   the
                   Birth
                   of
                   this
                   God
                   to
                   be
                   amongst
                   them
                   .
                   For
                   the
                
                 Egyptians
                 
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   their
                   God
                
                 Osiris
                 
                   is
                   the
                   same
                   whom
                   the
                
                 Grecians
                 call
                 Dionysus
                 ;
                 
                   and
                   that
                   he
                   went
                   through
                   the
                   whole
                   World
                   ,
                   and
                   first
                   found
                   out
                   the
                   use
                   of
                   Wine
                   ,
                   and
                   taught
                   Men
                   how
                   to
                   plant
                   the
                   Vine
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   for
                   this
                   great
                   Benefit
                   to
                   Mankind
                   ,
                   all
                   generally
                   agree
                   that
                   he
                   attain'd
                   to
                   a
                   state
                   of
                   Immortality
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 Indians
                 
                   likewise
                   with
                   no
                   less
                   Confidence
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   born
                   among
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   he
                   shew'd
                   the
                   way
                   and
                   manner
                   of
                   Planting
                   the
                   Vine
                   ,
                   and
                   discovered
                   the
                   use
                   of
                   Wine
                   ;
                   which
                   having
                   before
                   declar'd
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   now
                   deliver
                   what
                   the
                
                 Grecians
                 
                   report
                   concerning
                   this
                   God.
                
                 
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 
                   What
                   the
                   Grecians
                   say
                   further
                   of
                   Bacchus
                   .
                   The
                   Story
                   of
                   Priapus
                   .
                   Of
                   Hermophroditus
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   Muses
                   .
                   The
                   Birth
                   of
                   Hercules
                   ;
                   and
                   his
                   Twelve
                   Labours
                   injoin'd
                   him
                   by
                   Euristheus
                   .
                   His
                   wandring
                   Expeditions
                   through
                   
                     Africk
                     ,
                     Spain
                     ,
                     France
                     ,
                     Italy
                     ,
                     Sicily
                     :
                  
                   His
                   setting
                   up
                   Two
                   Pillars
                   at
                   Gades
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   other
                   Acts
                   by
                   the
                   way
                   .
                   The
                   Story
                   of
                   Orpheus
                   .
                
              
               
                 CAdmus
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Agenor
                 ,
                 being
                 sent
                 out
                 of
                 Phenicia
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 his
                 Father
                 to
                 seek
                 Europa
                 ,
                 was
                 commanded
                 to
                 bring
                 her
                 back
                 ,
                 or
                 he
                 himself
                 never
                 to
                 return
                 into
                 Phenicia
                 .
                 After
                 many
                 
                 long
                 and
                 tedious
                 Travels
                 through
                 many
                 Countries
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 find
                 the
                 lost
                 Lady
                 in
                 any
                 place
                 ,
                 despairing
                 of
                 ever
                 returning
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 he
                 came
                 at
                 length
                 into
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 built
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 resided
                 ,
                 and
                 marry'd
                 Harmonia
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Venus
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 
                   Semele
                   ,
                   Ino
                   ,
                   Autonoes
                   ,
                   Agaves
                
                 and
                 
                   Polydores
                   .
                   Semele
                
                 was
                 so
                 beautiful
                 ,
                 that
                 Jupiter
                 fell
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 with
                 her
                 :
                 But
                 making
                 his
                 Addresses
                 *
                 in
                 a
                 mean
                 and
                 ordinary
                 manner
                 ,
                 she
                 lookt
                 upon
                 it
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 did
                 it
                 in
                 contempt
                 of
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 earnestly
                 entreated
                 him
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 his
                 Embraces
                 with
                 her
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 he
                 did
                 when
                 he
                 lay
                 with
                 Juno
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 decking
                 himself
                 in
                 his
                 Divine
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 he
                 approacht
                 to
                 her
                 in
                 Thunder
                 and
                 Lightning
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 lay
                 with
                 her
                 in
                 Light
                 and
                 Splendour
                 :
                 But
                 Semele
                 being
                 great
                 with
                 Child
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 Flashes
                 of
                 Lightning
                 that
                 shot
                 round
                 about
                 her
                 ,
                 miscarry'd
                 ,
                 and
                 she
                 herself
                 was
                 consum'd
                 by
                 the
                 Flame
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 Jupiter
                 took
                 away
                 the
                 Infant
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 it
                 to
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 convey
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 Cave
                 in
                 Nysa
                 (
                 which
                 lies
                 between
                 Phenicia
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 )
                 and
                 there
                 to
                 recommend
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Nymphs
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 carefully
                 bred
                 up
                 .
                 Hence
                 from
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 Greeks
                 call
                 Dia
                 and
                 Nysa
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 call'd
                 Dionysus
                 ,
                 as
                 Homer
                 in
                 his
                 Hymns
                 witnesses
                 in
                 this
                 Distick
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   Far
                   off
                   from
                   Phenice
                   stands
                   the
                   Sacred
                   Nyse
                   ,
                
                 
                   Where
                   Streams
                   of
                   
                   Egypt's
                   Nile
                   begin
                   to
                   rise
                   ,
                
                 
                   On
                   Mountain
                   high
                   with
                   pleasant
                   Woods
                   adorn'd
                
              
               
                 Being
                 brought
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 Nymphs
                 in
                 Nysa
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 he
                 found
                 out
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 and
                 taught
                 the
                 way
                 and
                 manner
                 of
                 planting
                 the
                 Vine
                 ;
                 and
                 going
                 almost
                 into
                 all
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 he
                 civiliz'd
                 many
                 Nations
                 and
                 Countries
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 of
                 all
                 .
                 He
                 found
                 out
                 likewise
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 making
                 Drink
                 of
                 Barley
                 ;
                 some
                 call
                 it
                 Zythus
                 ,
                 for
                 Taste
                 and
                 fragrant
                 Smell
                 not
                 much
                 
                 inferior
                 to
                 Wine
                 ,
                 which
                 Art
                 he
                 especially
                 taught
                 them
                 ,
                 whose
                 Country
                 was
                 not
                 fit
                 for
                 Planting
                 ,
                 or
                 producing
                 of
                 Vines
                 .
                 He
                 led
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 Women
                 ,
                 to
                 execute
                 Punishments
                 upon
                 impious
                 and
                 wicked
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 Beotia
                 (
                 in
                 gratitude
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 )
                 he
                 set
                 free
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 this
                 Freedom
                 ,
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 it
                 *
                 Eleuthera
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 he
                 had
                 spent
                 Three
                 whole
                 Years
                 in
                 an
                 Expedition
                 into
                 India
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 with
                 many
                 rich
                 Spoils
                 into
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 in
                 triumph
                 mounted
                 upon
                 an
                 Indian
                 Elephant
                 .
                 Therefore
                 the
                 Beotians
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 and
                 
                 Thracians
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 up
                 the
                 Memory
                 of
                 the
                 Indian
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 instituted
                 solemn
                 Sacrifices
                 every
                 Third
                 Year
                 to
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Trieterica
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 they
                 are
                 of
                 opinion
                 this
                 God
                 appears
                 among
                 Men
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 every
                 third
                 Year
                 in
                 many
                 Towns
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 the
                 Festivals
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Bacchanalia
                 ,
                 are
                 celebrated
                 by
                 a
                 Company
                 of
                 Women
                 and
                 Virgins
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 solemn
                 Rites
                 )
                 
                 carry
                 *
                 Javelins
                 deckt
                 with
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 and
                 run
                 about
                 like
                 Furies
                 ,
                 hollowing
                 and
                 
                 setting
                 forth
                 the
                 Praises
                 of
                 the
                 God.
                 The
                 Married
                 Women
                 likewise
                 run
                 to
                 these
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 and
                 fill
                 the
                 Air
                 with
                 loud
                 and
                 solemn
                 Hymns
                 to
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 then
                 present
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 in
                 imitation
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Menades
                 ,
                 which
                 heretofore
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 said
                 )
                 went
                 along
                 with
                 Bacchus
                 .
                 Amongst
                 many
                 others
                 who
                 were
                 impious
                 and
                 wicked
                 ,
                 he
                 especially
                 inflicted
                 Punishment
                 upon
                 Pentheus
                 and
                 Lycurgus
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 the
                 invention
                 and
                 use
                 of
                 Wine
                 is
                 very
                 grateful
                 to
                 Manboth
                 for
                 its
                 pleasant
                 relish
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 strengthening
                 and
                 inlivening
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 the
                 Custom
                 at
                 Supper-time
                 ,
                 when
                 pure
                 and
                 unmixt
                 Wine
                 is
                 freely
                 offer'd
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 to
                 call
                 upon
                 the
                 Good
                 Genius
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 Supper
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Wine
                 is
                 mixt
                 with
                 Water
                 ,
                 to
                 call
                 upon
                 †
                 
                   Jupiter
                   Soter
                
                 :
                 For
                 from
                 pure
                 and
                 unmixt
                 Wine
                 ,
                 many
                 times
                 proceeds
                 Madness
                 ;
                 but
                 temper'd
                 and
                 allay'd
                 with
                 *
                 the
                 Liquor
                 that
                 descends
                 from
                 Jove
                 ,
                 it
                 truly
                 chears
                 and
                 refreshes
                 the
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 cures
                 Men
                 of
                 their
                 Madness
                 and
                 Intoxication
                 .
                 Amongst
                 all
                 the
                 Gods
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 Bacchus
                 and
                 Ceres
                 deserve
                 most
                 to
                 be
                 honour'd
                 by
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 by
                 their
                 good
                 Inventions
                 most
                 benefited
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 found
                 out
                 the
                 most
                 pleasant
                 Drink
                 ,
                 and
                 she
                 the
                 most
                 strengthening
                 Food
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 report
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 another
                 Bacchus
                 or
                 Dionysus
                 ,
                 much
                 ancienter
                 than
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 and
                 Proserpina
                 ,
                 call'd
                 by
                 some
                 Sabazius
                 ,
                 at
                 whose
                 Birth
                 
                 Sacreds
                 and
                 Sacrifices
                 were
                 celebrated
                 in
                 secret
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 filthy
                 Commixtures
                 that
                 were
                 then
                 among
                 them
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 sharp
                 Wit
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 taught
                 how
                 to
                 yoke
                 Oxen
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 them
                 how
                 to
                 Plow
                 and
                 Sow
                 the
                 Ground
                 ;
                 whence
                 they
                 feign
                 him
                 to
                 have
                 Horns
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 likewise
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 †
                 Son
                 of
                 Semele
                 was
                 of
                 later
                 times
                 ;
                 of
                 a
                 slender
                 and
                 delicate
                 shape
                 of
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 comly
                 Feature
                 ,
                 exceeding
                 Amorous
                 ,
                 and
                 addicted
                 to
                 the
                 Sports
                 of
                 Venus
                 :
                 That
                 he
                 carry'd
                 about
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 multitudes
                 of
                 Women
                 in
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Launces
                 wrapt
                 about
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Flowers
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 the
                 Muses
                 attended
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 Virgins
                 excellently
                 learn'd
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 their
                 melodious
                 Singing
                 ,
                 Dancing
                 and
                 other
                 pleasant
                 Diversions
                 ,
                 exceedingly
                 delighted
                 the
                 God.
                 
              
               
                 Selenus
                 ,
                 it
                 s
                 said
                 was
                 his
                 Master
                 ,
                 his
                 Fauster
                 Father
                 ,
                 and
                 Associate
                 in
                 his
                 Wars
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 was
                 an
                 excellent
                 Instructor
                 and
                 Teacher
                 ,
                 and
                 contributed
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 improvement
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 in
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 advancement
                 of
                 his
                 Reputation
                 and
                 Honour
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Battel
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 warlike
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Coat
                 of
                 Mail
                 cover'd
                 with
                 a
                 Panther's
                 Skin
                 ;
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 celebrated
                 Solemn
                 Festivals
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 General
                 Assemblies
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 cloathed
                 with
                 splendid
                 and
                 delicate
                 Apparel
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 Head-ach
                 by
                 drinking
                 of
                 too
                 much
                 Wine
                 ,
                 he
                 wore
                 a
                 Mitre
                 upon
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 call'd
                 *
                 Mitrophorus
                 .
                 This
                 gave
                 occasion
                 to
                 Kings
                 afterwards
                 to
                 wear
                 Diadems
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 say
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 call'd
                 †
                 Bimater
                 ,
                 because
                 both
                 
                 Dionysus's
                 had
                 one
                 Father
                 ,
                 but
                 several
                 Mothers
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Younger
                 succeeded
                 the
                 Elder
                 in
                 the
                 like
                 remarkable
                 Actions
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 Posterity
                 through
                 ignorance
                 of
                 the
                 Truth
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 both
                 had
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Name
                 ,
                 concluded
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 but
                 one
                 Dionysus
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 attribute
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 carrying
                 of
                 a
                 Rod
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Reasons
                 following
                 :
                 When
                 Wine
                 was
                 first
                 found
                 out
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 drunk
                 pure
                 ,
                 not
                 mix'd
                 with
                 Water
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 in
                 many
                 Meetings
                 and
                 solemn
                 Festivals
                 ,
                 many
                 times
                 Men
                 drunk
                 to
                 that
                 
                 Excess
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 grew
                 Mad
                 and
                 Furious
                 ,
                 and
                 beat
                 one
                 another
                 with
                 Clubs
                 and
                 Staves
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 some
                 were
                 grievously
                 wounded
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 were
                 kill'd
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 Dionysus
                 was
                 much
                 offended
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 altogether
                 forbid
                 the
                 drinking
                 of
                 unmixt
                 Wine
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 was
                 so
                 pleasant
                 and
                 delicious
                 ,
                 yet
                 instead
                 of
                 Clubs
                 ,
                 he
                 order'd
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Wanns
                 and
                 small
                 Rods.
                 
              
               
                 Men
                 have
                 given
                 him
                 many
                 Sirnames
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 several
                 Acts
                 or
                 Circumstances
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 's
                 call'd
                 Bacchaeus
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 *
                 Bacchae
                 ,
                 that
                 accompany'd
                 him
                 .
                 Leneus
                 ,
                 from
                 pressing
                 of
                 the
                 Grapes
                 at
                 the
                 †
                 Winepress
                 .
                 Bromeus
                 or
                 Thunderer
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 Crash
                 of
                 Thunder
                 that
                 was
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 his
                 Birth
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 Reason
                 he
                 was
                 call'd
                 *
                 Fireborn
                 :
                 He
                 was
                 sirnam'd
                 likewise
                 Thriambus
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 (
                 of
                 whom
                 ever
                 any
                 mention
                 was
                 made
                 )
                 that
                 Triumph'd
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 return'd
                 loaden
                 with
                 many
                 Spoils
                 into
                 his
                 Country
                 from
                 his
                 Indian
                 Expedition
                 .
                 Many
                 other
                 Names
                 were
                 assign'd
                 him
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 both
                 
                 too
                 tedious
                 particularly
                 to
                 recite
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 foreign
                 from
                 the
                 Design
                 of
                 this
                 History
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 held
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 two
                 *
                 Faces
                 ,
                 because
                 there
                 were
                 two
                 
                 Dionysus's
                 ,
                 the
                 ancient
                 Dionysus
                 ,
                 who
                 always
                 wore
                 a
                 long
                 Beard
                 ,
                 because
                 all
                 in
                 ancient
                 time
                 let
                 their
                 Beards
                 grow
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 later
                 Bacchus
                 who
                 was
                 a
                 spruce
                 young
                 Man
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 declar'd
                 .
                 But
                 some
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 double
                 Countenance
                 was
                 assign'd
                 him
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 special
                 Qualities
                 wherewith
                 Drunkards
                 are
                 affected
                 ,
                 being
                 either
                 raging
                 mad
                 ,
                 or
                 transported
                 with
                 Mirth
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 say
                 likewise
                 that
                 he
                 carry'd
                 Satyrs
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 their
                 dancing
                 and
                 skipping
                 in
                 his
                 Sports
                 and
                 Plays
                 made
                 the
                 God
                 exceeding
                 merry
                 .
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Muses
                 pleas'd
                 and
                 delighted
                 him
                 with
                 the
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 liberal
                 Sciences
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 Satyrs
                 with
                 their
                 Tricks
                 and
                 antick
                 and
                 ridiculous
                 Gestures
                 and
                 Actions
                 compleated
                 the
                 Happiness
                 and
                 Comfort
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 reported
                 likewise
                 he
                 invented
                 Plays
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 up
                 Theaters
                 ,
                 and
                 instituted
                 Musick
                 Schools
                 ,
                 and
                 freed
                 all
                 Musicians
                 that
                 went
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Expeditions
                 from
                 publick
                 Taxes
                 ;
                 and
                 hence
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 Posterity
                 (
                 after
                 the
                 Example
                 of
                 Dionysus
                 )
                 have
                 created
                 Societies
                 of
                 Musicians
                 ,
                 and
                 decreed
                 that
                 all
                 of
                 that
                 Profession
                 should
                 be
                 free
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 keep
                 within
                 due
                 Bounds
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 here
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 our
                 Discourse
                 concerning
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Actions
                 in
                 Ancient
                 times
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 since
                 what
                 is
                 anciently
                 reported
                 of
                 Priapus
                 is
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 conceive
                 )
                 pertinent
                 to
                 this
                 History
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 here
                 proceed
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Ancients
                 feign
                 that
                 Priapus
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 and
                 Venus
                 ,
                 induc'd
                 thereunto
                 by
                 a
                 probable
                 Argument
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 this
                 ,
                 That
                 when
                 Men
                 are
                 drunk
                 they
                 are
                 naturally
                 prone
                 to
                 Venery
                 ;
                 and
                 some
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 ancient
                 Mythologists
                 would
                 name
                 a
                 Man's
                 Yard
                 ,
                 they
                 call'd
                 it
                 Priapus
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 that
                 the
                 privy
                 Parts
                 (
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 Instruments
                 of
                 Generation
                 ,
                 and
                 support
                 the
                 constant
                 and
                 continual
                 Succession
                 of
                 Mankind
                 )
                 have
                 receiv'd
                 divine
                 Honour
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Egyptians
                 tell
                 this
                 Story
                 concerning
                 Priapus
                 ;
                 They
                 say
                 that
                 the
                 Titanes
                 in
                 ancient
                 times
                 treacherously
                 assassinated
                 Osiris
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 his
                 Members
                 into
                 equal
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 every
                 one
                 privately
                 carry'd
                 away
                 a
                 Part
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Palace
                 ,
                 only
                 his
                 privy
                 Members
                 they
                 threw
                 into
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 because
                 none
                 would
                 meddle
                 with
                 them
                 :
                 But
                 Isis
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 after
                 a
                 diligent
                 Inquiry
                 made
                 concerning
                 the
                 Murder
                 of
                 her
                 Husband
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 reveng'd
                 his
                 Death
                 upon
                 the
                 Titanes
                 ;
                 by
                 conjoyning
                 his
                 dismember'd
                 Parts
                 ,
                 reduc'd
                 them
                 to
                 a
                 humane
                 Shape
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 the
                 Body
                 to
                 the
                 Priests
                 to
                 be
                 bury'd
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 that
                 Osiris
                 should
                 be
                 ador'd
                 as
                 a
                 God
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 appointed
                 the
                 Shape
                 of
                 his
                 privy
                 Member
                 (
                 which
                 only
                 was
                 wanting
                 and
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 found
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 set
                 up
                 as
                 a
                 sacred
                 Relict
                 in
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 honour'd
                 likewise
                 as
                 a
                 Deity
                 :
                 And
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 Things
                 which
                 the
                 ancient
                 Egyptians
                 feign
                 concerning
                 the
                 Original
                 and
                 divine
                 Worship
                 of
                 Priapus
                 .
                 Some
                 call
                 this
                 God
                 Ithyphallus
                 ,
                 others
                 Typhon
                 .
                 He
                 's
                 not
                 only
                 worshipp'd
                 in
                 the
                 Temples
                 in
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 and
                 Villages
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 is
                 reputed
                 the
                 Guardian
                 and
                 Keeper
                 of
                 their
                 Vineyards
                 and
                 Orchards
                 ,
                 and
                 say
                 that
                 if
                 any
                 steal
                 their
                 Goods
                 he
                 inflicts
                 Punishment
                 upon
                 them
                 for
                 it
                 .
                 This
                 God
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 honour'd
                 in
                 the
                 Festivals
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 sacred
                 Solemnities
                 ,
                 where
                 with
                 Sport
                 and
                 Ridicule
                 his
                 Image
                 is
                 presented
                 to
                 the
                 View
                 of
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 feign
                 likewise
                 that
                 Hermaphroditus
                 had
                 the
                 like
                 Original
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 sprung
                 
                 from
                 *
                 Hermes
                 and
                 †
                 Aphrodita
                 ,
                 was
                 from
                 their
                 two
                 Names
                 joyn'd
                 together
                 so
                 call'd
                 .
                 Some
                 say
                 that
                 this
                 Hermaphroditus
                 is
                 a
                 God
                 ,
                 who
                 at
                 some
                 certain
                 times
                 appears
                 to
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 naturally
                 both
                 Man
                 and
                 Woman
                 ;
                 in
                 Beauty
                 and
                 Slenderness
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 he
                 represents
                 a
                 Woman
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 Strength
                 and
                 manly
                 Countenance
                 ,
                 a
                 Man.
                 Others
                 account
                 these
                 Births
                 for
                 Monsters
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 but
                 rare
                 ,
                 portend
                 sometimes
                 both
                 Good
                 and
                 Bad
                 by
                 turns
                 ;
                 but
                 enough
                 of
                 these
                 .
              
               
                 Here
                 it
                 's
                 fit
                 to
                 say
                 something
                 of
                 the
                 Muses
                 (
                 of
                 whom
                 some
                 mention
                 is
                 made
                 in
                 
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 
                   Bacchus
                   .
                
                 )
                 Most
                 of
                 the
                 Writers
                 of
                 Antiquities
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 of
                 greatest
                 Authority
                 ,
                 say
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 Daughters
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 and
                 †
                 Mnemosyne
                 .
                 Some
                 few
                 of
                 the
                 Poets
                 (
                 among
                 whom
                 is
                 Alcman
                 )
                 say
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 Issue
                 of
                 *
                 Coelus
                 and
                 †
                 Terra
                 .
                 They
                 differ
                 likewise
                 about
                 their
                 Number
                 ,
                 for
                 some
                 reckon
                 three
                 ,
                 others
                 nine
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Number
                 Nine
                 by
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 Authors
                 (
                 such
                 as
                 
                   Homer
                   ,
                   Hesiod
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 of
                 the
                 like
                 Esteem
                 )
                 has
                 prevail'd
                 before
                 all
                 others
                 .
                 For
                 thus
                 says
                 Homer
                 —
              
               
                 
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Muses
                   Nine
                   with
                   Voices
                   sweet
                   do
                   cant
                   .
                
              
               
                 Hesiod
                 likewise
                 summs
                 up
                 their
                 Names
                 in
                 these
                 Verses
                 —
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   Clio
                   ,
                   Thalia
                   and
                   Melpomene
                   ,
                
                 
                   Likewise
                   Erato
                   and
                   Terpsichore
                   ,
                
                 
                   Polymnia
                   ,
                   Urania
                   ,
                   Euterpe
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   one
                   beyond
                   them
                   all
                   ,
                   Calliope
                   .
                
              
               
                 To
                 each
                 of
                 these
                 they
                 attribute
                 their
                 peculiar
                 Art
                 in
                 particular
                 sorts
                 of
                 Sciences
                 ,
                 as
                 poetical
                 Harmony
                 ,
                 Dancing
                 ,
                 Singing
                 ,
                 Astrology
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 liberal
                 Arts.
                 They
                 are
                 said
                 by
                 most
                 to
                 be
                 Virgins
                 ,
                 because
                 liberal
                 Sciences
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 uncorrupt
                 ,
                 and
                 virtuous
                 Qualifications
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 are
                 call'd
                 Muses
                 from
                 the
                 Greek
                 Word
                 Myein
                 ,
                 which
                 signifies
                 the
                 teaching
                 of
                 things
                 commendable
                 and
                 profitable
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 unknown
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 are
                 instructed
                 .
                 They
                 apply
                 likewise
                 to
                 each
                 a
                 particular
                 Reason
                 of
                 their
                 several
                 Names
                 .
                 Clio
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 is
                 so
                 call'd
                 ,
                 because
                 she
                 advances
                 Mens
                 Names
                 to
                 the
                 Skies
                 in
                 assisting
                 the
                 Poets
                 to
                 resound
                 their
                 Praise
                 .
                 Euterpe
                 ,
                 because
                 she
                 delights
                 her
                 Auditors
                 with
                 wholesom
                 and
                 commendable
                 Instructions
                 .
                 Thalia
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 constant
                 Glory
                 and
                 Honour
                 that
                 attends
                 upon
                 Learning
                 .
                 Melpomene
                 ,
                 is
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 Melody
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 she
                 insinuates
                 her self
                 with
                 Delight
                 into
                 the
                 Minds
                 of
                 Men.
                 Terpsichore
                 ,
                 because
                 she
                 delights
                 her
                 Scholars
                 with
                 those
                 Pleasures
                 that
                 result
                 from
                 Learning
                 .
                 Erato
                 ,
                 because
                 she
                 procures
                 Love
                 and
                 Respect
                 to
                 Learned
                 Men
                 from
                 all
                 .
                 Polymnia
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 many
                 Hymns
                 whereby
                 she
                 advances
                 the
                 Renown
                 of
                 her
                 Poets
                 ,
                 and
                 crowns
                 their
                 Names
                 with
                 immortal
                 Praise
                 and
                 Glory
                 .
                 Urania
                 ,
                 because
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 taught
                 and
                 improv'd
                 by
                 her
                 are
                 even
                 lifted
                 up
                 to
                 Heaven
                 .
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 Calliope
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Sweetness
                 of
                 her
                 Voice
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 her
                 elegant
                 
                 Language
                 and
                 exact
                 Composures
                 of
                 her
                 Verse
                 ,
                 whereby
                 she
                 gains
                 the
                 general
                 Applause
                 of
                 her
                 Learned
                 Auditors
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 treated
                 sufficiently
                 of
                 these
                 Matters
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 bend
                 our
                 Discourse
                 to
                 the
                 things
                 done
                 by
                 Hercules
                 .
                 
              
               
                 I
                 am
                 not
                 ignorant
                 that
                 those
                 that
                 write
                 of
                 the
                 Actions
                 of
                 the
                 Ancients
                 ,
                 especially
                 of
                 the
                 Acts
                 of
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 meet
                 with
                 many
                 Difficulties
                 ;
                 for
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 great
                 Actions
                 that
                 ever
                 were
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 those
                 of
                 Hercules
                 far
                 exceed
                 all
                 that
                 ever
                 have
                 been
                 recorded
                 .
                 A
                 most
                 difficult
                 Task
                 therefore
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 give
                 such
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 what
                 this
                 Hero
                 did
                 ,
                 as
                 may
                 be
                 agreeable
                 to
                 the
                 Worth
                 and
                 Dignity
                 of
                 his
                 Actions
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 frame
                 such
                 a
                 Discourse
                 as
                 may
                 equalize
                 the
                 Greatness
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 he
                 attain'd
                 to
                 a
                 State
                 of
                 Immortality
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 things
                 that
                 are
                 ancient
                 and
                 unusual
                 are
                 judg'd
                 incredible
                 by
                 most
                 ,
                 it
                 s
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 ,
                 though
                 with
                 the
                 Diminution
                 of
                 this
                 God's
                 Glory
                 ,
                 to
                 omit
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Acts
                 ,
                 lest
                 by
                 relating
                 all
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 History
                 be
                 rejected
                 as
                 fabulous
                 .
                 For
                 some
                 unreasonably
                 expect
                 as
                 clear
                 Evidence
                 for
                 things
                 that
                 are
                 ancient
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 those
                 done
                 in
                 our
                 own
                 Age
                 ,
                 and
                 judge
                 of
                 the
                 Greatness
                 of
                 Actions
                 (
                 which
                 makes
                 them
                 seem
                 incredible
                 )
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Rule
                 of
                 things
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 time
                 ;
                 and
                 judge
                 of
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 Hercules
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 weak
                 Measure
                 of
                 Mens
                 Strength
                 now
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 so
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Greatness
                 and
                 Strangeness
                 of
                 things
                 related
                 ,
                 History
                 suffers
                 in
                 its
                 Credit
                 and
                 Reputation
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 *
                 old
                 Stories
                 the
                 Truth
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 search'd
                 into
                 too
                 critically
                 and
                 punctually
                 :
                 For
                 in
                 the
                 Plays
                 and
                 Theaters
                 ,
                 tho'
                 we
                 do
                 not
                 believe
                 for
                 certain
                 that
                 there
                 ever
                 were
                 such
                 Creatures
                 as
                 Centaurs
                 ,
                 or
                 Creatures
                 of
                 a
                 double
                 Nature
                 of
                 several
                 Species's
                 ,
                 nor
                 such
                 a
                 one
                 as
                 Geryon
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 three
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 yet
                 we
                 favourably
                 receive
                 and
                 entertain
                 those
                 Fables
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 general
                 Applause
                 advance
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 God.
                 How
                 unjust
                 is
                 it
                 then
                 that
                 Men
                 should
                 forget
                 the
                 Labours
                 of
                 Hercules
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 here
                 upon
                 Earth
                 ?
                 Whereby
                 he
                 did
                 Good
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 instead
                 of
                 rendring
                 him
                 his
                 due
                 Praises
                 ,
                 
                 to
                 calumniate
                 him
                 ,
                 whom
                 our
                 Ancestors
                 with
                 unanimous
                 Consent
                 for
                 his
                 eminent
                 Virtue
                 honour'd
                 with
                 divine
                 Honours
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 what
                 can
                 be
                 more
                 impious
                 ,
                 than
                 not
                 to
                 preserve
                 and
                 defend
                 that
                 Religious
                 Respect
                 to
                 this
                 God
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 by
                 their
                 Example
                 have
                 recommended
                 to
                 us
                 ?
                 But
                 letting
                 these
                 things
                 pass
                 ;
                 we
                 shall
                 relate
                 the
                 things
                 done
                 by
                 him
                 from
                 the
                 beginning
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 the
                 Poets
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 ancient
                 Mythologists
                 have
                 handed
                 them
                 down
                 to
                 us
                 .
              
               
                 Perseus
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 by
                 Danae
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Acrisius
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Perseus
                 begat
                 Electryo
                 of
                 Andromeda
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Cepheus
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Electryo
                 begat
                 Alcmenes
                 of
                 Eurydice
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Pelops
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Jupiter
                 (
                 deceiving
                 Alcmenes
                 )
                 lay
                 with
                 her
                 and
                 begat
                 Hercules
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 by
                 this
                 Genealogy
                 Hercules
                 descended
                 from
                 the
                 chiefest
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 both
                 immediately
                 by
                 his
                 Mother
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 remotely
                 by
                 his
                 Great-Grand-Father
                 Perseus
                 .
                 His
                 Virtue
                 and
                 Valour
                 were
                 not
                 only
                 evident
                 from
                 his
                 Acts
                 ,
                 but
                 might
                 be
                 concluded
                 and
                 foreseen
                 by
                 what
                 happen'd
                 before
                 he
                 was
                 born
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 Jupiter
                 lay
                 with
                 Alcmenes
                 ,
                 he
                 lengthen'd
                 the
                 Night
                 threefold
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 spending
                 so
                 much
                 time
                 in
                 procreating
                 this
                 Child
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 Sign
                 how
                 extraordinary
                 strong
                 he
                 was
                 like
                 to
                 be
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 that
                 Jupiter
                 lay
                 not
                 with
                 her
                 out
                 of
                 any
                 amorous
                 Pang
                 of
                 Love
                 ,
                 as
                 with
                 other
                 Women
                 ,
                 but
                 meerly
                 for
                 Procreation
                 sake
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 willing
                 that
                 his
                 Embraces
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 should
                 be
                 lawful
                 ,
                 he
                 forbore
                 all
                 Violence
                 ;
                 and
                 knowing
                 that
                 the
                 Woman's
                 Chastity
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 Arguments
                 would
                 prevail
                 with
                 her
                 ,
                 he
                 deceiv'd
                 her
                 by
                 taking
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Shape
                 of
                 Amphitryo
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Time
                 of
                 her
                 Delivery
                 drew
                 nigh
                 ,
                 when
                 Jupiter
                 full
                 of
                 thoughts
                 concerning
                 the
                 Birth
                 of
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 presence
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Gods
                 declar'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 make
                 him
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 born
                 that
                 
                 that
                 day
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 Juno
                 inrag'd
                 with
                 Jealousie
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 *
                 Ilithyia
                 her
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 gave
                 a
                 Check
                 to
                 the
                 delivery
                 of
                 Alcmenes
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 forth
                 Eurystheus
                 before
                 his
                 full
                 time
                 .
                 But
                 though
                 Jupiter
                 was
                 thus
                 outwitted
                 by
                 Juno
                 ,
                 yet
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 perform
                 his
                 Promise
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 care
                 to
                 preserve
                 the
                 Honour
                 and
                 Reputation
                 of
                 Hercules
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 it
                 s
                 reported
                 that
                 he
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 Juno
                 to
                 consent
                 ,
                 that
                 Eurystheus
                 being
                 made
                 King
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Promise
                 ,
                 Hercules
                 (
                 who
                 should
                 be
                 subject
                 to
                 him
                 )
                 performing
                 Twelve
                 Labours
                 (
                 such
                 as
                 Euristheus
                 should
                 impose
                 upon
                 him
                 )
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 into
                 the
                 Society
                 of
                 the
                 Immortal
                 Gods.
                 
              
               
                 Alcmenes
                 being
                 deliver'd
                 (
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 
                 Juno's
                 Jealousie
                 )
                 expos'd
                 the
                 Child
                 in
                 a
                 place
                 which
                 is
                 now
                 from
                 him
                 call'd
                 
                 Hercules's
                 his
                 Field
                 .
                 About
                 which
                 time
                 Minerva
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 Juno
                 ,
                 walking
                 Abroad
                 ,
                 found
                 the
                 Infant
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 admiring
                 his
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 Minerva
                 persuaded
                 Juno
                 to
                 give
                 it
                 suck
                 :
                 The
                 Child
                 drawing
                 the
                 Breast
                 with
                 more
                 violence
                 than
                 at
                 his
                 Age
                 was
                 usual
                 ,
                 Juno
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 indure
                 the
                 pain
                 ,
                 cast
                 away
                 the
                 Infant
                 ;
                 whom
                 Minerva
                 took
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 Home
                 to
                 his
                 Mother
                 to
                 be
                 nurs'd
                 by
                 her
                 .
                 The
                 Accident
                 here
                 seems
                 very
                 strange
                 and
                 remarkable
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Mother
                 ,
                 who
                 ow'd
                 a
                 natural
                 Affection
                 to
                 her
                 own
                 Child
                 ,
                 expos'd
                 him
                 to
                 Destruction
                 ;
                 but
                 she
                 who
                 hated
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Stepmother
                 (
                 unknowingly
                 )
                 preserv'd
                 her
                 natural
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 Juno
                 sent
                 two
                 *
                 Serpents
                 to
                 devour
                 the
                 Child
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 took
                 them
                 with
                 both
                 his
                 Hands
                 by
                 their
                 Throats
                 and
                 strangl'd
                 them
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 account
                 the
                 Argives
                 (
                 coming
                 to
                 understand
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 )
                 call'd
                 him
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 *
                 because
                 Juno
                 was
                 the
                 Occasion
                 of
                 his
                 Glory
                 and
                 Fame
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 before
                 call'd
                 Alcaeus
                 .
                 Others
                 are
                 nam'd
                 by
                 their
                 Parents
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 gain'd
                 his
                 Name
                 by
                 his
                 Valour
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 After-times
                 it
                 happen'd
                 that
                 Amphitrio
                 ,
                 being
                 banish'd
                 from
                 Tyrinthe
                 ,
                 settl'd
                 himself
                 in
                 Thebes
                 ;
                 here
                 Hercules
                 was
                 educated
                 ,
                 here
                 he
                 was
                 instructed
                 and
                 greatly
                 improv'd
                 in
                 all
                 laudable
                 Exercises
                 ,
                 in
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 he
                 excell'd
                 all
                 others
                 in
                 Strength
                 of
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 in
                 the
                 excellent
                 Endowments
                 of
                 his
                 Mind
                 .
              
               
                 Being
                 now
                 grown
                 up
                 to
                 Man's
                 Estate
                 ,
                 he
                 first
                 freed
                 Thebes
                 from
                 tyrannical
                 Slavery
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 made
                 a
                 grateful
                 Return
                 to
                 the
                 Country
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 bred
                 .
                 The
                 Thebans
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 were
                 under
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 of
                 Erginus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Menyans
                 ,
                 who
                 every
                 year
                 exacted
                 Tribute
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 not
                 without
                 Scorn
                 and
                 Contempt
                 .
                 Hercules
                 therefore
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 discourag'd
                 with
                 the
                 Greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Bondage
                 they
                 labour'd
                 under
                 ,
                 attempted
                 a
                 glorious
                 Piece
                 of
                 Service
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 sent
                 from
                 the
                 Menyae
                 to
                 collect
                 the
                 Tribute
                 ,
                 carry'd
                 it
                 *
                 insolently
                 
                 towards
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 he
                 cut
                 off
                 their
                 Ears
                 ,
                 and
                 cast
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 whereupon
                 
                 Erginus
                 demanded
                 the
                 Delivery
                 up
                 of
                 the
                 Malefactor
                 ,
                 and
                 Creon
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 Thebes
                 (
                 dreading
                 the
                 Potency
                 of
                 Erginus
                 )
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 deliver
                 him
                 up
                 ;
                 But
                 Hercules
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 arm
                 themselves
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 recover
                 the
                 Liberty
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 took
                 away
                 all
                 the
                 Arms
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Temples
                 ,
                 formerly
                 dedicated
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 by
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Spoyls
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 For
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 had
                 any
                 Arms
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 by
                 Reason
                 the
                 Menyans
                 had
                 disarm'd
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Thebans
                 had
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 Thought
                 of
                 a
                 Revolt
                 .
              
               
                 Intelligence
                 being
                 brought
                 that
                 Erginus
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 approach'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 Hercules
                 set
                 upon
                 him
                 in
                 a
                 strait
                 Passage
                 (
                 where
                 a
                 Multitude
                 was
                 of
                 little
                 Use
                 )
                 and
                 kill'd
                 Erginus
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 almost
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 .
                 He
                 fell
                 likewise
                 suddainly
                 upon
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Orchomenians
                 ,
                 entring
                 unexpectedly
                 ,
                 and
                 burnt
                 the
                 Palace
                 of
                 the
                 Menyae
                 ,
                 and
                 raz'd
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Fame
                 of
                 this
                 notable
                 Exploit
                 was
                 presently
                 nois'd
                 over
                 all
                 Greece
                 ,
                 while
                 such
                 a
                 suddain
                 and
                 unexpected
                 Atchievement
                 was
                 the
                 Subject
                 of
                 every
                 Man's
                 Admiration
                 ,
                 and
                 Creon
                 the
                 King
                 (
                 wonderfully
                 taken
                 with
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 young
                 Man
                 )
                 gave
                 him
                 his
                 Daughter
                 Megaera
                 to
                 Wife
                 ,
                 and
                 committed
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 Care
                 and
                 Charge
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 his
                 own
                 Son.
                 
              
               
                 But
                 Euristheus
                 King
                 of
                 Argos
                 (
                 jealous
                 of
                 Hercules
                 his
                 growing
                 Greatness
                 )
                 sent
                 
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 perform
                 the
                 Labours
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 impose
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 refusing
                 ,
                 Jupiter
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 obey
                 King
                 Euristheus
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 Hercules
                 went
                 to
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 and
                 inquir'd
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 concerning
                 this
                 Matter
                 ,
                 who
                 answer'd
                 him
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 Pleasure
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 perform
                 twelve
                 Labours
                 at
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Euristheus
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 finish'd
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 receive
                 the
                 Reward
                 of
                 Immortality
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 Hercules
                 became
                 exceeding
                 sad
                 and
                 melancholy
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 judg'd
                 it
                 very
                 much
                 below
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 at
                 the
                 Beck
                 of
                 his
                 inferior
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 disobey
                 his
                 Father
                 Jupiter
                 a
                 second
                 time
                 he
                 concluded
                 was
                 both
                 unprofitable
                 and
                 impossible
                 .
                 While
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 this
                 Perplexity
                 Juno
                 struck
                 him
                 with
                 Madness
                 ;
                 being
                 therefore
                 through
                 the
                 Discomposure
                 of
                 his
                 Mind
                 become
                 distracted
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Growth
                 of
                 his
                 Distemper
                 altogether
                 a
                 mad
                 Man
                 ,
                 he
                 design'd
                 to
                 murder
                 Iolaus
                 ,
                 who
                 saving
                 himself
                 by
                 Flight
                 he
                 fell
                 upon
                 his
                 own
                 Children
                 by
                 Megara
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 next
                 in
                 his
                 Way
                 ,
                 and
                 struck
                 them
                 through
                 with
                 his
                 Darts
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 again
                 to
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 understood
                 his
                 Error
                 ,
                 he
                 almost
                 sunk
                 under
                 the
                 Weight
                 of
                 his
                 Misery
                 (
                 being
                 pity'd
                 by
                 every
                 Body
                 )
                 and
                 shut
                 up
                 himself
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 House
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 from
                 the
                 Converse
                 and
                 Society
                 of
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 At
                 length
                 Time
                 moderating
                 his
                 Grief
                 ,
                 resolving
                 to
                 undergo
                 all
                 the
                 Difficulties
                 that
                 were
                 enjoyn'd
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 Euristheus
                 ;
                 who
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 commanded
                 
                 him
                 to
                 kill
                 the
                 Lyon
                 in
                 the
                 Forest
                 of
                 *
                 Nemea
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 of
                 a
                 monstrous
                 Bigness
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 pierc'd
                 or
                 wounded
                 by
                 Sword
                 ,
                 Spear
                 or
                 Stones
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 dealt
                 with
                 but
                 by
                 meer
                 Force
                 and
                 Strength
                 of
                 Hand
                 .
                 His
                 Walks
                 were
                 commonly
                 between
                 Mycenas
                 and
                 Nemea
                 ,
                 near
                 the
                 Mountain
                 (
                 from
                 what
                 happen'd
                 to
                 it
                 )
                 call'd
                 †
                 Tretos
                 .
                 For
                 at
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 this
                 Hill
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Den
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 this
                 Monster
                 us'd
                 to
                 lurk
                 .
                 Hercules
                 here
                 meeting
                 with
                 him
                 lay'd
                 hold
                 on
                 him
                 ,
                 whereupon
                 the
                 Beast
                 beginning
                 to
                 fly
                 to
                 his
                 Den
                 ,
                 he
                 resolutely
                 pursu'd
                 him
                 (
                 having
                 before
                 stop'd
                 up
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Mouths
                 of
                 the
                 Den
                 )
                 and
                 so
                 both
                 clos'd
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 got
                 the
                 Lyon
                 by
                 the
                 Throat
                 ,
                 and
                 strangl'd
                 him
                 with
                 his
                 Arms.
                 Then
                 he
                 cloath'd
                 himself
                 with
                 his
                 Skin
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 big
                 enough
                 to
                 cover
                 his
                 whole
                 Body
                 )
                 and
                 ever
                 after
                 wore
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 Defence
                 in
                 all
                 Conflicts
                 .
              
               
                 His
                 second
                 Task
                 was
                 to
                 kill
                 the
                 Hydra
                 of
                 Lerna
                 .
                 This
                 Monster
                 had
                 a
                 hundred
                 
                 Necks
                 rising
                 out
                 of
                 one
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 every
                 Neck
                 a
                 serpentine
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 was
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 two
                 others
                 grew
                 up
                 in
                 its
                 stead
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 this
                 Monster
                 was
                 accounted
                 invincible
                 ;
                 and
                 not
                 without
                 good
                 reason
                 ;
                 for
                 from
                 the
                 Part
                 that
                 was
                 lost
                 ,
                 arose
                 a
                 double
                 Assistance
                 in
                 its
                 Room
                 .
                 Against
                 this
                 Difficulty
                 he
                 invented
                 this
                 Stratagem
                 ;
                 he
                 commanded
                 Iolaus
                 to
                 sear
                 the
                 Part
                 that
                 was
                 cut
                 off
                 with
                 a
                 Firebrand
                 ,
                 that
                 thereby
                 the
                 Blood
                 might
                 be
                 stop'd
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 Means
                 the
                 Beast
                 was
                 kill'd
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 dipt
                 the
                 Points
                 of
                 his
                 Darts
                 in
                 the
                 Monster
                 's
                 Gall
                 ,
                 that
                 wherever
                 they
                 struck
                 ,
                 the
                 Wound
                 might
                 be
                 incurable
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 third
                 Command
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 bring
                 the
                 Erymanthean
                 Boar
                 (
                 which
                 
                 rov'd
                 about
                 in
                 the
                 Plains
                 of
                 Arcadia
                 )
                 to
                 him
                 alive
                 .
                 This
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 most
                 difficult
                 Task
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 that
                 fought
                 with
                 this
                 Beast
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 subtil
                 as
                 diligently
                 to
                 watch
                 the
                 exact
                 Time
                 and
                 fittest
                 Opportunity
                 in
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Conflict
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 he
                 should
                 let
                 him
                 go
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 his
                 full
                 strength
                 ,
                 the
                 Champion
                 was
                 in
                 danger
                 to
                 be
                 rent
                 in
                 pieces
                 with
                 his
                 Tushes
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 wounded
                 him
                 too
                 sore
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 kill'd
                 him
                 ,
                 his
                 Labour
                 was
                 lost
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Victory
                 imperfect
                 .
                 However
                 he
                 so
                 prudently
                 manag'd
                 the
                 Combat
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 brought
                 the
                 Boar
                 alive
                 to
                 Euristheus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 so
                 terrify'd
                 to
                 see
                 him
                 come
                 hurrying
                 with
                 the
                 Boar
                 upon
                 his
                 Shoulders
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 hid
                 himself
                 in
                 a
                 Brazen
                 Hogshead
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Hercules
                 subdu'd
                 the
                 Centaurs
                 upon
                 this
                 occasion
                 :
                 There
                 was
                 one
                 Pholus
                 among
                 the
                 Centaurs
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Mountain
                 was
                 
                 call'd
                 Pholoes
                 ;
                 this
                 same
                 having
                 entertain'd
                 Hercules
                 as
                 his
                 Guest
                 ,
                 took
                 up
                 an
                 Hogshead
                 of
                 Wine
                 that
                 had
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 been
                 bury'd
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 's
                 reported
                 that
                 this
                 Wine
                 was
                 anciently
                 deposited
                 in
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 a
                 certain
                 Centaur
                 by
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 who
                 commanded
                 that
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 broacht
                 at
                 that
                 very
                 time
                 when
                 Hercules
                 came
                 thither
                 ;
                 who
                 now
                 hapning
                 to
                 be
                 there
                 the
                 Fourth
                 Age
                 after
                 ,
                 Pholus
                 remembring
                 Bacchus
                 his
                 Command
                 ,
                 open'd
                 the
                 Hogshead
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 the
                 Wine
                 being
                 old
                 ,
                 and
                 exceeding
                 strong
                 ,
                 the
                 Flavour
                 of
                 it
                 reacht
                 to
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Centaurs
                 ,
                 and
                 struck
                 them
                 all
                 with
                 a
                 fit
                 of
                 Fury
                 and
                 Madness
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 they
                 all
                 came
                 in
                 Troops
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 terrible
                 Tumult
                 assaulted
                 Pholus
                 his
                 House
                 ,
                 to
                 carry
                 away
                 the
                 Prey
                 ,
                 in
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 Pholus
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Fright
                 hid
                 himself
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Hercules
                 unexpectedly
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Aggressors
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 fight
                 with
                 those
                 who
                 from
                 the
                 Mother
                 partook
                 of
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 were
                 as
                 swift
                 as
                 Horses
                 ,
                 as
                 strong
                 as
                 double
                 Bodied
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 indu'd
                 with
                 the
                 understanding
                 and
                 prudence
                 of
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 Some
                 of
                 these
                 Centaurs
                 assail'd
                 him
                 with
                 Fir-Trees
                 pluck'd
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 Roots
                 ;
                 others
                 with
                 huge
                 and
                 massy
                 Stones
                 ,
                 some
                 with
                 lighted
                 Firebrands
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 with
                 Axes
                 ,
                 with
                 whom
                 he
                 undauntedly
                 enter'd
                 the
                 List
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 with
                 that
                 bravery
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 agreeable
                 to
                 the
                 glory
                 of
                 his
                 former
                 Actions
                 .
              
               
                 Their
                 Mother
                 *
                 Nephele
                 assisted
                 them
                 by
                 a
                 violent
                 Storm
                 of
                 Rain
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 no
                 prejudice
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 Four-footed
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 that
                 had
                 but
                 Two
                 ,
                 had
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 a
                 troublesom
                 and
                 slippery
                 Standing
                 :
                 However
                 Hercules
                 with
                 wonderful
                 Valour
                 overcame
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 so
                 many
                 and
                 great
                 Advantages
                 above
                 him
                 ,
                 Killing
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 putting
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 flight
                 :
                 Of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 slain
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 remarkable
                 were
                 
                   Daphnis
                   ,
                   Argeus
                   ,
                   Amphion
                   ,
                   Hippotion
                   ,
                   Oreus
                   ,
                   Isoples
                   ,
                   Melanchetes
                   ,
                   Thereus
                   ,
                   Dupo
                
                 and
                 Phrixus
                 .
                 And
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 fled
                 ,
                 came
                 afterwards
                 to
                 condign
                 Punishment
                 ;
                 For
                 Homadus
                 ,
                 (
                 because
                 he
                 ravisht
                 in
                 
                   Arcadia
                   ,
                   Atalcyona
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Sister
                 of
                 Euristheus
                 )
                 was
                 slain
                 by
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 his
                 Generosity
                 was
                 greatly
                 admir'd
                 :
                 For
                 though
                 he
                 hated
                 his
                 Enemy
                 upon
                 his
                 own
                 private
                 Account
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 judg'd
                 it
                 a
                 commendable
                 piece
                 of
                 Humanity
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 Compassion
                 of
                 a
                 Woman
                 in
                 her
                 afflicted
                 Condition
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 her
                 Dishonour
                 and
                 Disgrace
                 .
              
               
                 Somewhat
                 likewise
                 remarkable
                 happened
                 to
                 
                   Pholus
                   ,
                   Hercules
                
                 his
                 Friend
                 :
                 For
                 burying
                 the
                 Centaurs
                 that
                 were
                 kill'd
                 (
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 Kindred
                 and
                 Relation
                 to
                 them
                 )
                 plucking
                 a
                 Dart
                 out
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 chanc'd
                 with
                 the
                 Point
                 mortally
                 to
                 wound
                 himself
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 died
                 ;
                 whom
                 Hercules
                 with
                 great
                 Pomp
                 and
                 State
                 bury'd
                 at
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 the
                 Mount
                 ;
                 which
                 fell
                 out
                 to
                 be
                 far
                 more
                 glorious
                 than
                 the
                 most
                 stately
                 Monument
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Mountain
                 being
                 call'd
                 Philoe
                 ,
                 preserves
                 the
                 memory
                 of
                 him
                 bury'd
                 there
                 ,
                 not
                 by
                 Characters
                 and
                 Inscriptions
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 similittude
                 of
                 Name
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 he
                 kill'd
                 †
                 Chiron
                 (
                 eminent
                 for
                 his
                 Art
                 in
                 Phisick
                 )
                 by
                 chance
                 with
                 the
                 throwing
                 of
                 a
                 Dart.
                 But
                 this
                 that
                 has
                 been
                 said
                 of
                 the
                 Centaurs
                 shall
                 suffice
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 Hercules
                 receiv'd
                 a
                 further
                 Command
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 take
                 the
                 
                 swift
                 Hart
                 that
                 had
                 golden
                 Horns
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 King.
                 This
                 he
                 perform'd
                 more
                 by
                 Art
                 and
                 Subtilty
                 than
                 strength
                 of
                 Body
                 :
                 For
                 some
                 say
                 he
                 took
                 her
                 in
                 a
                 Net
                 ,
                 others
                 by
                 tracing
                 her
                 to
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 she
                 rested
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 laying
                 hold
                 on
                 her
                 when
                 she
                 was
                 asleep
                 ;
                 but
                 others
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 ran
                 her
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 gain'd
                 her
                 by
                 swiftness
                 of
                 Foot.
                 However
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 certain
                 he
                 perform'd
                 this
                 Labour
                 not
                 by
                 force
                 or
                 any
                 hazard
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 Art
                 and
                 Skill
                 .
              
               
                 Being
                 next
                 commanded
                 to
                 drive
                 away
                 the
                 Birds
                 that
                 were
                 about
                 the
                 Stymphalian
                 
                 Lake
                 ,
                 by
                 Art
                 and
                 Contrivance
                 he
                 easily
                 perform'd
                 this
                 :
                 For
                 there
                 were
                 an
                 innumerable
                 number
                 of
                 Birds
                 in
                 those
                 Places
                 ,
                 which
                 destroy'd
                 and
                 eat
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 Fruits
                 in
                 the
                 Neighbourhood
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 numerous
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 Force
                 could
                 
                 prevail
                 to
                 be
                 rid
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 Being
                 therefore
                 there
                 was
                 need
                 of
                 Art
                 and
                 Contrivance
                 in
                 this
                 matter
                 ,
                 he
                 invented
                 a
                 Brazen
                 *
                 Pan
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 mighty
                 sound
                 it
                 made
                 ,
                 by
                 striking
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 frighted
                 the
                 Birds
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 continual
                 noise
                 ,
                 drave
                 them
                 at
                 length
                 quite
                 away
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Lake
                 was
                 never
                 infested
                 with
                 them
                 afterwards
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Labour
                 being
                 now
                 at
                 an
                 end
                 ,
                 Eurystheus
                 in
                 Contempt
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 commanded
                 
                 him
                 without
                 any
                 Assistant
                 to
                 cleanse
                 Augeus
                 his
                 Stable
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 were
                 vast
                 heaps
                 of
                 Muck
                 and
                 Dirt
                 which
                 had
                 been
                 gathering
                 together
                 for
                 many
                 Years
                 .
                 Hercules
                 
                 therefore
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 ignominy
                 of
                 this
                 Contempt
                 cast
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 scorn'd
                 to
                 carry
                 out
                 the
                 Muck
                 and
                 Dung
                 upon
                 his
                 Shoulders
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 one
                 Days
                 time
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 disgrace
                 to
                 himself
                 ,
                 cleans'd
                 the
                 Stable
                 ,
                 by
                 turning
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Peneus
                 through
                 it
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 thing
                 the
                 ingenuity
                 of
                 Hercules
                 is
                 admirable
                 ,
                 who
                 so
                 executed
                 the
                 proud
                 Command
                 of
                 his
                 domineering
                 Master
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 avoid
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 was
                 base
                 and
                 unbecoming
                 the
                 glory
                 of
                 his
                 immortal
                 Honour
                 .
              
               
                 Next
                 was
                 impos'd
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 bringing
                 the
                 Bull
                 out
                 of
                 Crete
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 Pasiphae
                 fell
                 in
                 love
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 therefore
                 he
                 sail'd
                 into
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 King
                 Minos
                 ,
                 transported
                 the
                 Beast
                 (
                 for
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 so
                 long
                 a
                 Voyage
                 )
                 into
                 Peloponesus
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 perform'd
                 this
                 Task
                 ,
                 he
                 instituted
                 the
                 Olympick
                 Games
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 chose
                 out
                 a
                 place
                 he
                 judg'd
                 most
                 convenient
                 for
                 the
                 reception
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Pompous
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 the
                 Fields
                 all
                 along
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Alpheus
                 .
                 Here
                 he
                 order'd
                 
                 the
                 Solemnity
                 of
                 these
                 Games
                 to
                 the
                 honour
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 Jupiter
                 ;
                 and
                 appointed
                 to
                 the
                 Victors
                 a
                 Crown
                 for
                 a
                 Reward
                 ,
                 minding
                 the
                 general
                 good
                 and
                 benefit
                 of
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 without
                 taking
                 any
                 advantage
                 to
                 himself
                 .
                 In
                 every
                 Exercise
                 he
                 was
                 Victor
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 opposition
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 remakable
                 strength
                 and
                 valour
                 ,
                 none
                 durst
                 contend
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 although
                 the
                 Contests
                 were
                 of
                 a
                 contrary
                 and
                 different
                 nature
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 's
                 a
                 hard
                 matter
                 even
                 for
                 a
                 mighty
                 Champion
                 in
                 Combate
                 ,
                 always
                 to
                 win
                 the
                 Prize
                 in
                 a
                 Course
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 difficult
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 usually
                 Victors
                 in
                 small
                 Contentions
                 ,
                 to
                 prevail
                 against
                 them
                 that
                 are
                 eminent
                 in
                 greater
                 Contests
                 .
                 Hercules
                 therefore
                 prevail'd
                 in
                 all
                 these
                 Games
                 ,
                 carrying
                 away
                 the
                 Prize
                 from
                 the
                 chiefest
                 among
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 here
                 we
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 omit
                 giving
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Rewards
                 given
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Gods
                 for
                 his
                 Virtue
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 he
                 retir'd
                 himself
                 from
                 Wars
                 ,
                 and
                 betook
                 himself
                 to
                 his
                 ease
                 and
                 quietness
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 follow
                 Sports
                 ,
                 Panegyricks
                 and
                 Festivals
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 presented
                 him
                 with
                 their
                 several
                 Gifts
                 .
              
               
                 Minerva
                 gave
                 him
                 an
                 imbroidered
                 Hood
                 ,
                 Vulcan
                 a
                 Club
                 and
                 a
                 Breast-plate
                 ;
                 and
                 between
                 these
                 Two
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 Contest
                 who
                 should
                 excel
                 in
                 their
                 several
                 Arts
                 ,
                 whilst
                 the
                 one
                 wrought
                 and
                 bestow'd
                 what
                 was
                 for
                 pleasure
                 and
                 ornament
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 what
                 was
                 for
                 defence
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 War.
                 Neptune
                 presented
                 him
                 with
                 Horses
                 ,
                 Mercury
                 with
                 a
                 Sword
                 ,
                 Apollo
                 a
                 Bow
                 ,
                 and
                 taught
                 him
                 the
                 art
                 of
                 Archery
                 .
                 And
                 Ceres
                 to
                 expiate
                 the
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 the
                 Centaurs
                 ,
                 instituted
                 in
                 honour
                 of
                 Hercules
                 some
                 small
                 Mysteries
                 .
                 But
                 concerning
                 the
                 Birth
                 of
                 this
                 God
                 ,
                 this
                 is
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 first
                 Woman
                 upon
                 Earth
                 that
                 Jupiter
                 lay
                 with
                 ,
                 was
                 Niobe
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Pharoneus
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 last
                 was
                 Alcmena
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 Sixteenth
                 Age
                 after
                 Niobe
                 as
                 the
                 Mythologists
                 say
                 .
                 From
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 †
                 her
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 beget
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 ended
                 in
                 this
                 Alcmena
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 never
                 after
                 have
                 any
                 thing
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 any
                 Mortal
                 ,
                 or
                 beget
                 any
                 Issue
                 ,
                 never
                 expecting
                 to
                 beget
                 a
                 more
                 excellent
                 Offspring
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 when
                 the
                 Giants
                 fought
                 with
                 the
                 immortal
                 Gods
                 at
                 
                   Pallene
                   ,
                   Hercules
                
                 aided
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 made
                 by
                 him
                 of
                 those
                 Sons
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 he
                 became
                 greatly
                 renown'd
                 .
                 For
                 Jupiter
                 call'd
                 those
                 only
                 Gods
                 of
                 Olympus
                 ,
                 who
                 assisted
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 by
                 this
                 Title
                 of
                 Honour
                 ,
                 to
                 distinguish
                 the
                 Couragious
                 from
                 the
                 Coward
                 ;
                 which
                 Surname
                 he
                 gave
                 to
                 Bacchus
                 and
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 though
                 their
                 Mothers
                 were
                 Mortals
                 ;
                 not
                 only
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 Offspring
                 of
                 Jove
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 like
                 him
                 in
                 virtuous
                 Qualifications
                 ,
                 doing
                 good
                 generally
                 to
                 all
                 Mankind
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 *
                 Prometheus
                 because
                 he
                 stole
                 Fire
                 from
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 and
                 handed
                 it
                 to
                 Men
                 ,
                 was
                 clapt
                 in
                 Chains
                 by
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 who
                 caus'd
                 an
                 Eagle
                 to
                 seize
                 and
                 feed
                 continually
                 upon
                 his
                 Liver
                 :
                 But
                 Hercules
                 seeing
                 that
                 he
                 suffered
                 so
                 much
                 for
                 his
                 Kindness
                 to
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 shot
                 the
                 Bird
                 with
                 an
                 Arrow
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 having
                 pacify'd
                 Jove
                 ,
                 freed
                 this
                 common
                 Benefactor
                 from
                 all
                 farther
                 trouble
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 was
                 injoyn'd
                 to
                 bring
                 away
                 Diomedes
                 King
                 of
                 
                 Thrace's
                 Mares
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 were
                 kept
                 in
                 Stalls
                 of
                 Brass
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 Strength
                 and
                 Fierceness
                 )
                 ty'd
                 up
                 in
                 Iron
                 Chains
                 .
                 Their
                 Provender
                 was
                 not
                 from
                 the
                 Product
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 were
                 fed
                 with
                 the
                 Flesh
                 of
                 miserable
                 Strangers
                 that
                 came
                 thither
                 ,
                 cut
                 in
                 small
                 Pieces
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 .
                 Hercules
                 to
                 gain
                 Possession
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 laid
                 their
                 own
                 Master
                 Diomedes
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 satiating
                 their
                 Hunger
                 by
                 his
                 Flesh
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 wickedly
                 taught
                 them
                 to
                 feed
                 upon
                 Flesh
                 ,
                 thereby
                 became
                 tame
                 and
                 manageable
                 .
                 Euristheus
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 brought
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 dedicated
                 them
                 to
                 Juno
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Breed
                 continu'd
                 to
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Great
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 perform'd
                 this
                 Labour
                 ,
                 he
                 saild
                 with
                 Jason
                 to
                 Colchos
                 ,
                 to
                 bring
                 away
                 the
                 Golden
                 Fleece
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms.
                 But
                 of
                 this
                 we
                 shall
                 speak
                 ,
                 when
                 we
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Expedition
                 of
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 he
                 was
                 commanded
                 to
                 strip
                 Hyppolyta
                 the
                 Amazon
                 of
                 her
                 Belt.
                 Hereupon
                 
                 resolving
                 upon
                 a
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Amazons
                 ,
                 he
                 sail'd
                 into
                 Pontus
                 ,
                 from
                 him
                 call'd
                 †
                 Euxinus
                 ,
                 and
                 arriving
                 at
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Thermodon
                 ,
                 he
                 incampt
                 near
                 the
                 City
                 Themiscyra
                 ,
                 the
                 Seat
                 Royal
                 of
                 the
                 Amazons
                 :
                 And
                 first
                 he
                 demanded
                 the
                 Belt
                 to
                 be
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 refus'd
                 ,
                 he
                 join'd
                 Battel
                 with
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 choice
                 and
                 most
                 noble
                 of
                 the
                 Amazons
                 were
                 drawn
                 up
                 against
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 oppos'd
                 the
                 other
                 ordinary
                 Troops
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 sharp
                 Ingagement
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 that
                 fought
                 Hand
                 to
                 Hand
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 was
                 Aella
                 ,
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 her
                 swiftness
                 ;
                 but
                 she
                 found
                 her
                 Enemy
                 swifter
                 than
                 her self
                 :
                 The
                 Second
                 was
                 Philippis
                 ,
                 who
                 upon
                 the
                 first
                 Onset
                 ,
                 receiv'd
                 a
                 Mortal
                 Wound
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 down
                 Dead
                 .
                 Then
                 Prothoe
                 entred
                 the
                 List
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 Seven
                 times
                 baffl'd
                 her
                 Enemy
                 in
                 single
                 Combat
                 ;
                 but
                 she
                 being
                 at
                 length
                 slain
                 ,
                 he
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Fourth
                 call'd
                 Eribea
                 .
                 She
                 was
                 so
                 confident
                 in
                 her
                 strength
                 and
                 feats
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 us'd
                 to
                 boast
                 she
                 needed
                 none
                 to
                 second
                 her
                 ;
                 but
                 meeting
                 with
                 one
                 stronger
                 than
                 her self
                 ,
                 she
                 presently
                 experienc'd
                 the
                 vanity
                 of
                 her
                 boasting
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 these
                 
                   Celaenus
                   ,
                   Euryaea
                
                 and
                 Phobe
                 ,
                 Companions
                 with
                 Diana
                 in
                 Hunting
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 never
                 us'd
                 to
                 miss
                 their
                 Mark
                 ,
                 yet
                 now
                 could
                 none
                 of
                 them
                 hit
                 one
                 ,
                 )
                 in
                 defending
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 were
                 all
                 kill'd
                 together
                 upon
                 the
                 Spot
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 overcame
                 
                   Deianita
                   ,
                   Asteria
                   ,
                   Marpes
                   ,
                   Tecmessa
                
                 and
                 Alcippe
                 .
                 The
                 last
                 mention'd
                 had
                 vow'd
                 perpetual
                 Virginity
                 ,
                 and
                 kept
                 their
                 Oaths
                 ,
                 but
                 could
                 not
                 preserve
                 their
                 Lives
                 .
                 *
                 Melanippe
                 also
                 the
                 Queen
                 of
                 the
                 Amazons
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 famous
                 and
                 highly
                 admir'd
                 every
                 where
                 for
                 her
                 Valour
                 )
                 then
                 lost
                 her
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 The
                 chief
                 of
                 the
                 Amazons
                 being
                 thus
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 he
                 forc'd
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 fly
                 ,
                 and
                 killing
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 pursuit
                 ,
                 wholly
                 destroy'd
                 and
                 rooted
                 up
                 that
                 Nation
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 he
                 gave
                 Antiope
                 to
                 Theseus
                 ,
                 but
                 Melanippe
                 he
                 discharg'd
                 ,
                 having
                 first
                 taken
                 from
                 her
                 her
                 Belt.
                 
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 a
                 Tenth
                 Labour
                 was
                 impos'd
                 upon
                 him
                 by
                 Eurystheus
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 
                 was
                 to
                 drive
                 away
                 the
                 Oxen
                 of
                 Geryon
                 that
                 pastur'd
                 in
                 Iberia
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Ocean
                 .
                 Hercules
                 perceiving
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 perform
                 this
                 Task
                 without
                 much
                 trouble
                 and
                 great
                 preparation
                 ,
                 set
                 forth
                 a
                 brave
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 mann'd
                 it
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 number
                 of
                 Seamen
                 and
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 as
                 such
                 an
                 Expedition
                 justly
                 requir'd
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 was
                 nois'd
                 Abroad
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 ,
                 that
                 Chrysaores
                 (
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 his
                 Riches
                 )
                 King
                 of
                 †
                 Iberia
                 ,
                 had
                 *
                 Three
                 Sons
                 ,
                 strong
                 Bodied
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 famous
                 for
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 had
                 great
                 Armies
                 of
                 Valiant
                 Men
                 ,
                 constantly
                 at
                 hand
                 attending
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 reason
                 Euristheus
                 impos'd
                 this
                 Task
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 conceiving
                 this
                 Expedition
                 was
                 greater
                 than
                 he
                 was
                 ever
                 able
                 to
                 perform
                 :
                 But
                 Hercules
                 undertook
                 this
                 with
                 as
                 much
                 considence
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 those
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 Forces
                 to
                 be
                 rais'd
                 in
                 Crete
                 ,
                 whence
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 set
                 forth
                 ;
                 this
                 Island
                 being
                 
                 the
                 most
                 convenient
                 Port
                 from
                 whence
                 to
                 make
                 any
                 Expedition
                 into
                 any
                 part
                 
                 of
                 the
                 World.
                 Before
                 he
                 set
                 Sail
                 ,
                 mighty
                 Honours
                 were
                 conferr'd
                 upon
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ;
                 in
                 grateful
                 return
                 of
                 which
                 Favours
                 ,
                 he
                 freed
                 the
                 Island
                 from
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 no
                 hurtful
                 Creatures
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 Bears
                 ,
                 Wolves
                 ,
                 Serpents
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 remain'd
                 there
                 ever
                 after
                 .
                 He
                 did
                 these
                 things
                 in
                 reverence
                 to
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 was
                 reported
                 that
                 Jupiter
                 was
                 bred
                 and
                 born
                 there
                 .
                 Loosing
                 thence
                 ,
                 he
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Libya
                 .
                 Here
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 he
                 challeng'd
                 and
                 slew
                 Antaeus
                 (
                 famous
                 for
                 his
                 great
                 strength
                 and
                 skill
                 in
                 Wrestling
                 ,
                 )
                 who
                 was
                 us'd
                 to
                 kill
                 the
                 Strangers
                 he
                 wrestled
                 with
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 master'd
                 them
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 destroy'd
                 the
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 in
                 the
                 Deserts
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Africa
                 so
                 quiet
                 and
                 improvable
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 before
                 full
                 of
                 hurtful
                 Creatures
                 ,
                 )
                 that
                 every
                 part
                 was
                 fit
                 for
                 Tillage
                 ,
                 and
                 planting
                 of
                 Fruit-Trees
                 ;
                 the
                 whole
                 Country
                 productive
                 of
                 Wine
                 and
                 Oyl
                 .
                 In
                 short
                 ,
                 he
                 so
                 improv'd
                 Libya
                 (
                 which
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 was
                 before
                 uninhabitable
                 ,
                 )
                 that
                 no
                 Country
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 afterwards
                 exceeded
                 it
                 for
                 fertility
                 and
                 richness
                 of
                 Soyl.
                 In
                 like
                 manner
                 he
                 so
                 purg'd
                 the
                 Nation
                 from
                 wicked
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 insolent
                 Tyrants
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 put
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 into
                 a
                 flourishing
                 state
                 and
                 condition
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 therefore
                 reported
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 prosecuted
                 with
                 the
                 hatred
                 and
                 opposition
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 dreadful
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 wicked
                 Men
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 an
                 Infant
                 in
                 his
                 Cradle
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 assaulted
                 by
                 Serpents
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 vext
                 and
                 perplext
                 with
                 the
                 Commands
                 of
                 a
                 proud
                 and
                 unjust
                 Tyrant
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Killing
                 of
                 Antaeus
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 into
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 slew
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 Busiris
                 ,
                 who
                 murder'd
                 all
                 Strangers
                 that
                 landed
                 there
                 .
                 After
                 he
                 had
                 pass'd
                 over
                 the
                 Sandy
                 Deserts
                 of
                 Libya
                 ,
                 he
                 found
                 a
                 fertil
                 and
                 well
                 water'd
                 Country
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 built
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 great
                 City
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 its
                 Gates
                 call'd
                 *
                 Hecatompylon
                 ,
                 which
                 continu'd
                 in
                 a
                 flourishing
                 Condition
                 till
                 of
                 latter
                 Times
                 that
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 (
                 commanded
                 by
                 Eminent
                 Captains
                 )
                 took
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Hercules
                 having
                 pass'd
                 through
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 Africa
                 ,
                 arriv'd
                 †
                 in
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 near
                 Gades
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 erected
                 Two
                 Pillars
                 ,
                 one
                 on
                 each
                 side
                 the
                 straight
                 upon
                 the
                 Continent
                 .
              
               
                 Thence
                 (
                 with
                 his
                 Fleet
                 sailing
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 )
                 he
                 pass'd
                 over
                 into
                 *
                 Iberia
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 found
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Chrysaores
                 ,
                 with
                 Three
                 mighty
                 Armies
                 .
                 These
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 ,
                 he
                 challeng'd
                 to
                 a
                 single
                 Combat
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 at
                 length
                 slain
                 the
                 Three
                 Generals
                 ,
                 he
                 gain'd
                 Iberia
                 ,
                 and
                 drove
                 away
                 those
                 remarkable
                 Herds
                 of
                 Cattel
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 as
                 he
                 travell'd
                 through
                 Spain
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 magnificently
                 entertain'd
                 by
                 a
                 petit
                 Prince
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 a
                 Pious
                 and
                 Just
                 Man
                 )
                 in
                 return
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 he
                 bestow'd
                 upon
                 him
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Cattel
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 again
                 consecrated
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 Year
                 sacrific'd
                 to
                 him
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 fairest
                 Bulls
                 that
                 were
                 bred
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 Sacred
                 Breed
                 remain
                 in
                 Iberia
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 because
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 made
                 mention
                 of
                 Hercules
                 Pillars
                 ,
                 we
                 conceive
                 
                 it
                 fit
                 in
                 this
                 Place
                 to
                 say
                 something
                 further
                 concerning
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 the
                 utmost
                 Coasts
                 of
                 both
                 Continents
                 adjoining
                 to
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 set
                 up
                 these
                 Pillars
                 as
                 lasting
                 Monuments
                 of
                 his
                 Expedition
                 .
                 That
                 his
                 Work
                 therefore
                 might
                 be
                 famous
                 to
                 all
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 much
                 inlarg'd
                 both
                 the
                 Mountains
                 on
                 each
                 side
                 ,
                 by
                 making
                 great
                 Moulds
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 way
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 whereas
                 before
                 they
                 lay
                 in
                 the
                 Sea
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 the
                 Passage
                 so
                 narrow
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 great
                 Whales
                 from
                 that
                 time
                 could
                 not
                 pass
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ocean
                 through
                 those
                 Streights
                 into
                 the
                 Mediterranean
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Work
                 ,
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 the
                 Workman
                 is
                 
                 preserv'd
                 in
                 everlasting
                 remembrance
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 of
                 a
                 contrary
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 and
                 affirm
                 that
                 the
                 Continents
                 once
                 join'd
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 cut
                 a
                 Trench
                 through
                 them
                 ,
                 whereby
                 he
                 open'd
                 a
                 Passage
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 brought
                 the
                 Ocean
                 into
                 our
                 Sea.
                 But
                 every
                 Man
                 may
                 judge
                 of
                 this
                 matter
                 as
                 he
                 thinks
                 fit
                 .
                 The
                 like
                 he
                 did
                 before
                 in
                 Greece
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 large
                 Champain
                 Country
                 about
                 Tempe
                 ,
                 was
                 all
                 over
                 a
                 standing
                 Lake
                 ,
                 he
                 cut
                 Sluces
                 through
                 the
                 lower
                 Grounds
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 those
                 Trenches
                 drain'd
                 all
                 the
                 Water
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Lake
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 were
                 gain'd
                 all
                 those
                 pleasant
                 Fields
                 of
                 Thessaly
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Penaeus
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 Beotia
                 he
                 did
                 quite
                 contrary
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 caus'd
                 the
                 River
                 which
                 ran
                 through
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Minyae
                 to
                 overflow
                 the
                 whole
                 Region
                 ,
                 and
                 turn
                 all
                 into
                 a
                 standing
                 Pool
                 :
                 What
                 he
                 did
                 in
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 was
                 to
                 
                 gain
                 the
                 favour
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 in
                 Beotia
                 he
                 did
                 to
                 punish
                 the
                 Minyae
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 opprest
                 the
                 Thebans
                 .
              
               
                 Hercules
                 having
                 committed
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Iberia
                 to
                 the
                 chiefest
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 marcht
                 away
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 †
                 Celtica
                 ;
                 and
                 over
                 〈…〉
                 n
                 the
                 whole
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 their
                 usual
                 Impieties
                 and
                 Murdering
                 of
                 Strangers
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 whereas
                 a
                 vast
                 multitude
                 from
                 all
                 Nations
                 came
                 and
                 listed
                 themselves
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 in
                 his
                 Army
                 ;
                 having
                 such
                 a
                 number
                 ,
                 he
                 built
                 a
                 Famous
                 large
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 call'd
                 from
                 his
                 wandering
                 Expedition
                 *
                 Alesia
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 from
                 the
                 neigbouring
                 Places
                 were
                 mixt
                 among
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 it
                 happened
                 that
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 (
                 being
                 much
                 inferior
                 in
                 number
                 )
                 learnt
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 Manners
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 The
                 Celtae
                 at
                 this
                 Day
                 have
                 a
                 great
                 esteem
                 and
                 honour
                 for
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 the
                 chief
                 and
                 Metropolis
                 of
                 all
                 Gaul
                 ;
                 and
                 ever
                 since
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Hercules
                 it
                 has
                 remain'd
                 Free
                 never
                 taken
                 by
                 any
                 to
                 our
                 very
                 days
                 ;
                 till
                 at
                 length
                 
                   Caius
                   Caesar
                
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 his
                 actions
                 )
                 was
                 call'd
                 Divus
                 ,
                 took
                 it
                 by
                 storm
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 it
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
                 With
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Gauls
                   Hercules
                
                 marching
                 out
                 of
                 Gaul
                 into
                 Italy
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 pass'd
                 over
                 the
                 Alps
                 levell'd
                 and
                 open'd
                 those
                 rough
                 and
                 difficult
                 Ways
                 (
                 that
                 were
                 scarce
                 passable
                 )
                 to
                 make
                 way
                 for
                 his
                 Army
                 and
                 Carriages
                 .
                 The
                 Barbarians
                 who
                 Inhabited
                 those
                 Mountainous
                 Parts
                 ,
                 were
                 us'd
                 to
                 Kill
                 and
                 Rob
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 straight
                 and
                 craggy
                 Places
                 ,
                 Armies
                 as
                 they
                 happned
                 to
                 pass
                 this
                 way
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 subdu'd
                 them
                 and
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 the
                 Ringleaders
                 of
                 those
                 wicked
                 practices
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 made
                 the
                 Passage
                 safe
                 this
                 way
                 to
                 all
                 Posterity
                 .
                 Having
                 pass'd
                 the
                 Alps
                 ,
                 he
                 continu'd
                 his
                 March
                 through
                 Gaul
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 's
                 now
                 call'd
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 into
                 Liguria
                 .
                 The
                 Ligurians
                 inhabit
                 a
                 rough
                 and
                 barren
                 Soil
                 ,
                 but
                 being
                 forc'd
                 by
                 continual
                 Labour
                 
                 and
                 Toyl
                 ,
                 it
                 produces
                 some
                 little
                 Corn
                 and
                 other
                 Fruits
                 :
                 The
                 People
                 here
                 are
                 short
                 and
                 low
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 constant
                 Labours
                 well
                 set
                 and
                 strong
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 far
                 from
                 idle
                 and
                 luxurious
                 livers
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 are
                 very
                 active
                 ,
                 and
                 Valiant
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 War.
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 because
                 all
                 these
                 neighbouring
                 Regions
                 are
                 ply'd
                 with
                 continual
                 Labours
                 and
                 Pains
                 (
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Land
                 requires
                 it
                 )
                 it
                 's
                 the
                 Custom
                 for
                 the
                 Women
                 to
                 work
                 and
                 labour
                 in
                 that
                 kind
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 Men
                 ;
                 and
                 whereas
                 the
                 Women
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 Men
                 work
                 for
                 Hire
                 ,
                 there
                 fell
                 out
                 a
                 remarkable
                 Accident
                 concerning
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 Women
                 ,
                 strange
                 and
                 unusual
                 to
                 any
                 of
                 our
                 Female
                 Sex.
                 Being
                 great
                 with
                 Child
                 ,
                 and
                 falling
                 in
                 Labour
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 her
                 work
                 amongst
                 the
                 Men
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 noise
                 or
                 complaint
                 she
                 withdrew
                 herself
                 into
                 a
                 certain
                 Grove
                 there
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 being
                 Delivered
                 ,
                 she
                 cover'd
                 the
                 Infant
                 with
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 and
                 hid
                 it
                 among
                 the
                 Shrubs
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 return'd
                 to
                 her
                 Work
                 again
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 sign
                 of
                 having
                 born
                 a
                 Child
                 ,
                 and
                 continu'd
                 with
                 her
                 Fellow-labourers
                 in
                 her
                 Work
                 as
                 she
                 did
                 before
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Infant
                 crying
                 and
                 bawling
                 ,
                 discover'd
                 the
                 whole
                 matter
                 ;
                 yet
                 the
                 Overseer
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Workmen
                 would
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 be
                 perswaded
                 to
                 suffer
                 her
                 to
                 leave
                 her
                 miserable
                 Labour
                 ,
                 till
                 he
                 that
                 hir'd
                 her
                 ,
                 pitying
                 her
                 condition
                 ,
                 paid
                 her
                 her
                 Wages
                 ,
                 and
                 discharged
                 her
                 .
              
               
                 Hercules
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 gone
                 through
                 Liguria
                 ,
                 and
                 Thuscany
                 ,
                 incampt
                 at
                 Tiber
                 ,
                 where
                 Rome
                 now
                 stands
                 ,
                 built
                 many
                 Ages
                 after
                 by
                 Romulus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Mars
                 .
                 The
                 Natural
                 Inhabitants
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 inhabited
                 a
                 little
                 Town
                 upon
                 a
                 Hill
                 ,
                 now
                 call'd
                 Mount
                 
                   Palla
                   〈…〉
                   e.
                
                 Here
                 †
                 Politius
                 and
                 Pinarius
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 eminent
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 entertain'd
                 Hercules
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 demonstrations
                 of
                 Kindness
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 and
                 presented
                 him
                 with
                 many
                 noble
                 Presents
                 :
                 There
                 are
                 now
                 at
                 Rome
                 ancient
                 Monuments
                 of
                 these
                 Men
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 noble
                 Family
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 Pinarii
                 ,
                 remains
                 still
                 among
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 accounted
                 the
                 most
                 ancient
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 .
                 And
                 there
                 are
                 Politius
                 his
                 Stone
                 Stairs
                 to
                 go
                 down
                 from
                 Mount
                 Pallatine
                 (
                 call'd
                 after
                 his
                 Name
                 )
                 adjoyning
                 to
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 anciently
                 his
                 House
                 .
              
               
                 Hercules
                 being
                 much
                 pleas'd
                 with
                 the
                 civil
                 Entertainment
                 of
                 the
                 Pallatines
                 ,
                 foretold
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 whosoever
                 should
                 dedicate
                 the
                 Tenth
                 of
                 their
                 Goods
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 was
                 translated
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 ever
                 after
                 more
                 prosperous
                 :
                 And
                 this
                 Dedication
                 has
                 been
                 over
                 since
                 constantly
                 us'd
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 .
                 For
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 of
                 mean
                 Estates
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 great
                 and
                 rich
                 Men
                 (
                 having
                 experienc'd
                 how
                 Riches
                 have
                 flow'd
                 in
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Decimation
                 of
                 their
                 Goods
                 to
                 
                   Hercules
                   ,
                
                 )
                 have
                 dedicated
                 the
                 Tenth
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Substances
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 been
                 of
                 the
                 value
                 of
                 Four
                 Thousand
                 Talents
                 .
                 For
                 Lucullus
                 (
                 the
                 richest
                 almost
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Romans
                 in
                 his
                 time
                 ,
                 valu'd
                 his
                 Estate
                 ,
                 and
                 consecrated
                 the
                 Tenths
                 
                 to
                 this
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 feasted
                 continually
                 with
                 prodigious
                 Charge
                 and
                 Expence
                 .
                 The
                 Romans
                 afterwards
                 built
                 a
                 Magnificent
                 Temple
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Tiber
                 ,
                 in
                 honour
                 of
                 this
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 instituted
                 Sacrifices
                 to
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Tenths
                 .
              
               
                 Hercules
                 marching
                 from
                 Mount
                 Pallatine
                 ,
                 pass'd
                 through
                 the
                 Maritime
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 now
                 call'd
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 Champain
                 Country
                 of
                 Cumaea
                 ,
                 where
                 (
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 )
                 there
                 were
                 men
                 infamous
                 for
                 their
                 Outrages
                 and
                 Cruelties
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Giants
                 .
                 This
                 Place
                 is
                 also
                 call'd
                 the
                 Phlegraean
                 Plain
                 ,
                 from
                 a
                 Hill
                 which
                 anciently
                 vomited
                 out
                 Fire
                 ,
                 like
                 unto
                 Etna
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 now
                 call'd
                 Vesuvius
                 ,
                 which
                 retains
                 many
                 
                 Signs
                 and
                 marks
                 of
                 its
                 ancient
                 Irruptions
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Giants
                 hearing
                 of
                 Hercules
                 his
                 Approach
                 ,
                 met
                 him
                 in
                 Battel
                 Array
                 ;
                 and
                 fighting
                 with
                 the
                 force
                 and
                 cruelty
                 of
                 Giants
                 ,
                 Hercules
                 (
                 with
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 )
                 overcame
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 cutting
                 off
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 quieted
                 that
                 Country
                 .
                 These
                 Giants
                 were
                 call'd
                 Sons
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 vast
                 Bulk
                 of
                 their
                 Bodies
                 .
                 These
                 are
                 the
                 things
                 that
                 some
                 report
                 (
                 whom
                 Timaeus
                 follows
                 )
                 concerning
                 the
                 destruction
                 of
                 the
                 Giants
                 of
                 Phlegraea
                 .
              
               
                 Leaving
                 the
                 Plains
                 of
                 Phlegraea
                 ,
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 perform'd
                 some
                 remarkable
                 Works
                 about
                 the
                 Lake
                 Avernus
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 's
                 call'd
                 )
                 which
                 is
                 consecrated
                 to
                 Proserpine
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 situated
                 between
                 Micenus
                 and
                 Diciarcheos
                 ,
                 near
                 the
                 hot
                 Baths
                 ,
                 Five
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 Circuit
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 an
                 incredible
                 Depth
                 .
                 The
                 Water
                 of
                 this
                 Lake
                 is
                 exceeding
                 clear
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 mighty
                 depth
                 of
                 this
                 Gulf
                 casts
                 a
                 blew
                 Colour
                 upon
                 the
                 Surface
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 reported
                 ,
                 that
                 anciently
                 there
                 was
                 here
                 an
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 conjur'd
                 the
                 Infernal
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 latter
                 Ages
                 abolish'd
                 .
                 Whereas
                 this
                 Lake
                 extended
                 
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 Hercules
                 by
                 casting
                 up
                 of
                 Earth
                 ,
                 so
                 stopt
                 up
                 its
                 Current
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 made
                 the
                 way
                 near
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 now
                 call'd
                 the
                 Herculean
                 way
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 things
                 he
                 did
                 there
                 .
              
               
                 Marching
                 thence
                 ,
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 a
                 certain
                 Rock
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Posidonia●s
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 report
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 a
                 Miracle
                 happened
                 .
                 A
                 certain
                 Huntsman
                 (
                 famous
                 all
                 over
                 the
                 Country
                 for
                 his
                 brave
                 Exploits
                 )
                 was
                 us'd
                 formerly
                 to
                 fix
                 the
                 Heads
                 and
                 Feet
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Game
                 he
                 took
                 ,
                 to
                 Trees
                 ,
                 as
                 an
                 Offering
                 to
                 Diana
                 :
                 But
                 having
                 then
                 taken
                 a
                 great
                 wild
                 Boar
                 (
                 in
                 Contempt
                 of
                 the
                 Goddess
                 )
                 he
                 boasted
                 ,
                 and
                 declar'd
                 he
                 would
                 only
                 consecrate
                 the
                 Head
                 to
                 her
                 ;
                 and
                 forthwith
                 according
                 to
                 what
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 hung
                 it
                 upon
                 a
                 Tree
                 .
                 It
                 being
                 then
                 Summer-time
                 ,
                 about
                 Noon
                 ,
                 he
                 laid
                 him
                 down
                 to
                 Sleep
                 ,
                 during
                 which
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Band
                 which
                 fastned
                 the
                 Head
                 ,
                 broke
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 it
                 fell
                 down
                 upon
                 him
                 that
                 slept
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 reason
                 to
                 wonder
                 at
                 this
                 ,
                 when
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 like
                 kind
                 are
                 reported
                 to
                 have
                 happened
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 Goddess
                 has
                 reveng'd
                 her self
                 of
                 the
                 Impious
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 contrary
                 happened
                 to
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 his
                 Piety
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 Rhegium
                 and
                 Locris
                 ,
                 being
                 wearied
                 with
                 his
                 March
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 down
                 to
                 rest
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 he
                 was
                 disturb'd
                 with
                 the
                 noise
                 and
                 creaking
                 of
                 the
                 Grashoppers
                 ,
                 whereupon
                 he
                 intreated
                 the
                 Gods
                 to
                 free
                 him
                 from
                 that
                 disturbance
                 ,
                 who
                 heard
                 his
                 Prayers
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Grashoppers
                 flew
                 away
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 for
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 but
                 none
                 were
                 ever
                 seen
                 there
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 after
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 narrowest
                 Passage
                 over
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 he
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Cattel
                 to
                 swim
                 over
                 before
                 him
                 into
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 catcht
                 hold
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Horns
                 of
                 the
                 Oxen
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 that
                 manner
                 swam
                 along
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Thirteen
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 as
                 Timaeus
                 reports
                 the
                 matter
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 desiring
                 to
                 go
                 round
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 on
                 his
                 Journey
                 from
                 Peloriadis
                 to
                 Eryx
                 ,
                 and
                 passing
                 along
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 the
                 Nymphs
                 open'd
                 the
                 hot
                 Baths
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 refresh'd
                 himself
                 after
                 his
                 tedious
                 Journey
                 .
                 These
                 Baths
                 were
                 Two
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 the
                 Hemerian
                 and
                 Egestean
                 ,
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 the
                 Places
                 .
                 After
                 Hercules
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 
                   Eryx
                   ,
                   Eryx
                
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Venus
                 and
                 Bula
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 challeng'd
                 Hercules
                 to
                 wrestle
                 with
                 him
                 .
                 Both
                 sides
                 propos'd
                 the
                 Wager
                 to
                 be
                 won
                 and
                 lost
                 ;
                 Eryx
                 laid
                 to
                 stake
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 but
                 Hercules
                 his
                 Oxen
                 ;
                 Erix
                 at
                 first
                 disdain'd
                 such
                 an
                 unequal
                 Wager
                 ,
                 not
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 compar'd
                 with
                 his
                 Country
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 Hercules
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 lost
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 lose
                 together
                 with
                 them
                 Immortality
                 ,
                 Eryx
                 was
                 contented
                 with
                 the
                 Condition
                 ,
                 and
                 engag'd
                 in
                 the
                 Contest
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 was
                 overcome
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 was
                 stript
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Possession
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 which
                 Hercules
                 gave
                 to
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 allowing
                 them
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 Fruits
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 use
                 ,
                 till
                 some
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Posterity
                 came
                 to
                 demand
                 it
                 ,
                 which
                 afterwards
                 hapned
                 :
                 For
                 many
                 Ages
                 after
                 ,
                 Doriaeus
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 (
                 sailing
                 into
                 Sicily
                 )
                 recover'd
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 Dominion
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 built
                 Heraclea
                 ,
                 which
                 growing
                 
                 great
                 on
                 a
                 suddain
                 ,
                 became
                 the
                 Object
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 Envy
                 and
                 Fear
                 ,
                 lest
                 growing
                 stronger
                 than
                 Carthage
                 it self
                 ,
                 it
                 should
                 deprive
                 them
                 of
                 their
                 Sovereignty
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 Reason
                 they
                 besieg'd
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 mighty
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 it
                 by
                 force
                 ,
                 and
                 raz'd
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 shall
                 speak
                 particularly
                 in
                 its
                 proper
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 Hercules
                 having
                 view'd
                 Sicily
                 round
                 ,
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 now
                 call'd
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 where
                 
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 inform'd
                 of
                 the
                 Rape
                 of
                 Proserpina
                 ;
                 he
                 offer'd
                 magnificent
                 Sacrifices
                 to
                 the
                 Goddesses
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 Cyane
                 sacrific'd
                 the
                 goodliest
                 of
                 his
                 Bulls
                 ,
                 and
                 ordered
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 to
                 sacrifice
                 Yearly
                 to
                 Proserpina
                 ,
                 and
                 observe
                 an
                 Anniversary
                 Festival
                 at
                 Cyane
                 .
                 Then
                 travelling
                 through
                 the
                 heart
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 with
                 his
                 Oxen
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 set
                 upon
                 by
                 the
                 Sicani
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 ;
                 whom
                 after
                 a
                 cruel
                 Battel
                 he
                 routed
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 amongst
                 whom
                 (
                 it
                 's
                 reported
                 )
                 there
                 were
                 Captains
                 of
                 extraordinary
                 Valour
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 honour'd
                 as
                 Demy-Gods
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 ;
                 to
                 wit
                 ,
                 
                   Leucaspis
                   ,
                   Pedicrates
                   ,
                   Buphonas
                   ,
                   Caugates
                   ,
                   Cygaus
                
                 and
                 Crytidas
                 :
                 Thence
                 he
                 pass'd
                 through
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Leontines
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 admir'd
                 the
                 pleasantness
                 of
                 the
                 Territory
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 singular
                 respect
                 he
                 found
                 from
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 there
                 eternal
                 Monuments
                 of
                 his
                 Presence
                 .
              
               
                 Among
                 the
                 Agyrineans
                 something
                 remarkable
                 happened
                 concerning
                 him
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 kept
                 magnificent
                 Festivals
                 ,
                 and
                 offered
                 Sacrifices
                 to
                 him
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 themselves
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 time
                 he
                 approv'd
                 of
                 such
                 Worship
                 ,
                 never
                 before
                 allowing
                 any
                 Sacrifice
                 to
                 himself
                 :
                 But
                 now
                 the
                 Deity
                 it self
                 ratify'd
                 his
                 Divinity
                 ;
                 for
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 in
                 a
                 Rocky
                 Way
                 ,
                 the
                 Oxen
                 made
                 Impressions
                 with
                 their
                 Feet
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 in
                 Wax
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 likewise
                 happening
                 to
                 Hercules
                 himself
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 him
                 to
                 conclude
                 that
                 (
                 his
                 Tenth
                 Labour
                 being
                 now
                 perfected
                 )
                 his
                 Immortality
                 was
                 in
                 part
                 sealed
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 refus'd
                 not
                 the
                 Yearly
                 Solemnity
                 of
                 Sacrifices
                 instituted
                 in
                 honour
                 of
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 That
                 he
                 might
                 therefore
                 manifest
                 his
                 gratitude
                 to
                 them
                 for
                 the
                 Honours
                 conferr'd
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 caus'd
                 a
                 Pond
                 to
                 be
                 sunk
                 near
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 Four
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 Compass
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 call'd
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 .
                 The
                 Impressions
                 likewise
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 Hoofs
                 of
                 his
                 Oxen
                 ,
                 he
                 nam'd
                 after
                 himself
                 ;
                 and
                 *
                 consecrated
                 a
                 Grove
                 to
                 Geryon
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 a
                 Demy-God
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 religiously
                 worship
                 at
                 this
                 Day
                 .
                 He
                 built
                 likewise
                 there
                 a
                 famous
                 Temple
                 in
                 honour
                 of
                 Iolaus
                 ,
                 his
                 Associate
                 in
                 his
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 and
                 appointed
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 honour'd
                 with
                 Yearly
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 observ'd
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 :
                 For
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 this
                 City
                 let
                 their
                 Hair
                 grow
                 ,
                 without
                 Cutting
                 ,
                 from
                 their
                 very
                 Births
                 ,
                 in
                 honour
                 of
                 Iolaus
                 ;
                 till
                 they
                 make
                 an
                 Offering
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 gain
                 the
                 favour
                 of
                 the
                 God
                 by
                 costly
                 and
                 magnificent
                 Sacrifices
                 .
                 Such
                 is
                 the
                 Holiness
                 and
                 Majesty
                 of
                 this
                 Temple
                 ,
                 that
                 whosoever
                 do
                 not
                 observe
                 these
                 holy
                 Rites
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 strucken
                 Dumb
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 like
                 Dead
                 Men
                 :
                 But
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 any
                 recollects
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 vows
                 to
                 offer
                 his
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 and
                 gives
                 a
                 Pledge
                 to
                 the
                 God
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 presently
                 restor'd
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 Health
                 .
                 The
                 Inhabitants
                 therefore
                 very
                 fitly
                 call
                 the
                 Gate
                 where
                 these
                 Sacred
                 Solemnities
                 are
                 perform'd
                 Heraclea
                 .
                 They
                 every
                 Year
                 likewise
                 with
                 great
                 earnestness
                 celebrate
                 the
                 †
                 Gymnick
                 Sports
                 ,
                 and
                 Horse-Races
                 ;
                 whither
                 all
                 the
                 People
                 both
                 Bond
                 and
                 Free
                 flocking
                 ,
                 they
                 privately
                 taught
                 their
                 Servants
                 how
                 to
                 worship
                 this
                 God
                 ,
                 how
                 to
                 celebrate
                 the
                 Solemn
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 perform
                 when
                 they
                 met
                 together
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Rites
                 and
                 Festivals
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 Hercules
                 pass'd
                 over
                 his
                 Oxen
                 again
                 into
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 his
                 marching
                 along
                 by
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 ,
                 he
                 kill'd
                 one
                 Lacinius
                 that
                 was
                 stealing
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Oxen.
                 There
                 he
                 buried
                 Croton
                 ,
                 and
                 erected
                 a
                 stately
                 Monument
                 over
                 him
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 unfortunately
                 slain
                 ;
                 and
                 foretold
                 that
                 in
                 time
                 to
                 come
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 built
                 a
                 famous
                 City
                 ,
                 call'd
                 after
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 him
                 that
                 was
                 there
                 bury'd
                 .
                 Having
                 at
                 length
                 marcht
                 round
                 about
                 Adria
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 that
                 Gulf
                 on
                 Foot
                 ,
                 he
                 pass'd
                 through
                 Epirus
                 into
                 Peloponesus
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 finisht
                 his
                 Tenth
                 Labour
                 ,
                 Euristheus
                 impos'd
                 another
                 Task
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 that
                 was
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 bring
                 Cerberus
                 out
                 of
                 Hell.
                 Preparing
                 himself
                 therefore
                 to
                 perform
                 this
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 better
                 enabled
                 thereunto
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 Athens
                 to
                 be
                 initiated
                 into
                 the
                 Mysterious
                 Rites
                 of
                 Elusina
                 ,
                 where
                 Musaeus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Orpheus
                 was
                 
                 then
                 High
                 Priest
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 because
                 we
                 have
                 now
                 occasion
                 to
                 mention
                 Orpheus
                 ,
                 we
                 conceive
                 it
                 will
                 
                 not
                 be
                 amiss
                 here
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 short
                 Account
                 of
                 him
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Oeagrus
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Birth
                 a
                 Thracian
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Musick
                 and
                 Poetry
                 far
                 excelling
                 all
                 that
                 
                 ever
                 were
                 recorded
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 compos'd
                 a
                 Poem
                 for
                 sweetness
                 and
                 smoothness
                 ,
                 the
                 Subject
                 of
                 all
                 Mens
                 admiration
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 grew
                 so
                 eminent
                 in
                 this
                 Art
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 Melody
                 of
                 his
                 Musick
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 said
                 to
                 draw
                 even
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 and
                 Trees
                 after
                 him
                 :
                 And
                 being
                 naturally
                 very
                 studious
                 ,
                 he
                 attain'd
                 to
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 degree
                 of
                 Knowledge
                 in
                 the
                 ancient
                 Theology
                 .
                 He
                 improv'd
                 himself
                 likewise
                 very
                 much
                 by
                 travelling
                 into
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 accounted
                 to
                 excel
                 the
                 most
                 accomplish'd
                 Person
                 among
                 all
                 the
                 Grecians
                 for
                 his
                 Knowledge
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 Divinity
                 and
                 Sacred
                 Mysteries
                 ,
                 in
                 Musick
                 and
                 Poetry
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 one
                 likewise
                 in
                 the
                 Expedition
                 of
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 exceeding
                 Love
                 he
                 had
                 to
                 his
                 Wife
                 (
                 with
                 an
                 admirable
                 Courage
                 )
                 descended
                 into
                 Hell
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 so
                 inchanted
                 Proserpina
                 with
                 the
                 sweetness
                 of
                 his
                 Musick
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 gratify'd
                 him
                 so
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 suffer
                 him
                 to
                 carry
                 back
                 his
                 Wife
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 dy'd
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 like
                 manner
                 they
                 say
                 Bacchus
                 hereupon
                 rais'd
                 his
                 Mother
                 Semele
                 from
                 the
                 Shades
                 below
                 ,
                 and
                 enduing
                 her
                 with
                 Immortality
                 ,
                 surnam'd
                 her
                 Thyone
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 now
                 done
                 with
                 this
                 Digression
                 relating
                 to
                 Orpheus
                 ,
                 we
                 return
                 to
                 Hercules
                 :
                 When
                 he
                 enter'd
                 the
                 Infernal
                 Regious
                 (
                 the
                 Mythologists
                 say
                 )
                 Proserpina
                 kindly
                 receiv'd
                 him
                 as
                 her
                 Brother
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 him
                 liberty
                 to
                 loose
                 Theseus
                 and
                 Perithous
                 from
                 their
                 Chains
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 Expectations
                 of
                 all
                 Men
                 ,
                 brought
                 up
                 the
                 *
                 Dog
                 ty'd
                 in
                 his
                 Chain
                 ,
                 and
                 presented
                 him
                 to
                 open
                 view
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 last
                 Labour
                 injoin'd
                 him
                 was
                 to
                 fetch
                 away
                 the
                 Golden
                 Apples
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Hesperides
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 purpose
                 he
                 pass'd
                 over
                 a
                 Second
                 time
                 into
                 Africa
                 .
                 The
                 Mythologists
                 vary
                 in
                 their
                 Writings
                 concerning
                 this
                 ;
                 for
                 some
                 affirm
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 really
                 golden
                 Apples
                 in
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Gardens
                 of
                 the
                 Hesperides
                 ,
                 guarded
                 continually
                 by
                 a
                 terrible
                 Dragon
                 .
                 Others
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 Sheep
                 of
                 exquisite
                 beauty
                 in
                 the
                 Hesperides
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 from
                 thence
                 they
                 are
                 Poetically
                 call'd
                 Golden
                 Apples
                 ,
                 as
                 Venus
                 from
                 her
                 Beauty
                 is
                 call'd
                 Golden
                 Venus
                 .
                 Others
                 will
                 have
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Fleeces
                 upon
                 the
                 Sheep's
                 Backs
                 are
                 of
                 that
                 admirable
                 Colour
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 glitter
                 like
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 have
                 been
                 so
                 call'd
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 the
                 Dragon
                 they
                 understand
                 the
                 Shepherd
                 of
                 the
                 Flocks
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 a
                 strong
                 Body
                 and
                 stout
                 Heart
                 ,
                 preserv'd
                 the
                 Flocks
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Thieves
                 that
                 attempted
                 to
                 steal
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 let
                 every
                 one
                 judge
                 of
                 this
                 matter
                 as
                 he
                 thinks
                 best
                 himself
                 :
                 For
                 Hercules
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Keeper
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 away
                 the
                 Apples
                 or
                 Sheep
                 (
                 which
                 soever
                 they
                 were
                 )
                 to
                 Eurystheus
                 ,
                 trusting
                 now
                 ,
                 that
                 since
                 all
                 his
                 Tasks
                 were
                 perform'd
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Oracle
                 of
                 Apollo
                 )
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 rewarded
                 with
                 Immortality
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 II.
                 
              
               
                 
                   An
                   Account
                   of
                   Atlas
                   and
                   his
                   Daughters
                   ,
                   call'd
                   Atlantides
                   and
                   Hesperides
                   .
                   The
                   Amazons
                   routed
                   by
                   Theseus
                   in
                   Attica
                   .
                   The
                   further
                   Acts
                   of
                   Hercules
                   ;
                   he
                   goes
                   against
                   Leomedon
                   King
                   of
                   Troy
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Acts.
                   The
                   Story
                   of
                   Meleager
                   Son
                   of
                   King
                   Oeneus
                   .
                   Amalthea's
                   Horn.
                   Hercules
                   his
                   further
                   Acts.
                   His
                   Death
                   by
                   a
                   poyson'd
                   Shirt
                   .
                
              
               
                 BUT
                 we
                 are
                 not
                 to
                 omit
                 what
                 is
                 said
                 of
                 Atlas
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Original
                 of
                 the
                 Hesperides
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Country
                 call'd
                 Hesperis
                 ,
                 liv'd
                 Two
                 famous
                 Brothers
                 ,
                 Hesperus
                 
                 and
                 Atlas
                 ;
                 They
                 were
                 possess'd
                 of
                 most
                 lovely
                 Sheep
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 Ruddy
                 and
                 Golden
                 Colour
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 cause
                 the
                 Poets
                 in
                 their
                 Phrase
                 call'd
                 them
                 *
                 Golden
                 Apples
                 .
              
               
                 Hesperis
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Hesperus
                 was
                 married
                 to
                 his
                 Brother
                 Atlas
                 ,
                 whence
                 the
                 Country
                 was
                 call'd
                 Hesperis
                 ;
                 by
                 her
                 Atlas
                 had
                 Seven
                 Daughters
                 ,
                 which
                 from
                 their
                 Father
                 were
                 call'd
                 Atlantides
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 their
                 Mother
                 
                   Hesperides
                   .
                   Busiris
                
                 King
                 of
                 Egypt
                 having
                 a
                 great
                 desire
                 to
                 injoy
                 these
                 Virgins
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 extraordinary
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 sent
                 out
                 some
                 Pirates
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 seize
                 these
                 Ladies
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 them
                 away
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Hercules
                 being
                 imploy'd
                 in
                 his
                 †
                 last
                 Labour
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 Anteus
                 in
                 Lybia
                 ,
                 who
                 compell'd
                 those
                 Strangers
                 that
                 came
                 into
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 to
                 wrestle
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 inflicted
                 condign
                 Punishment
                 upon
                 Busiris
                 in
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 who
                 sacrific'd
                 all
                 Strangers
                 that
                 (
                 arriv'd
                 there
                 )
                 to
                 Jupiter
                 .
                 Afterward
                 passing
                 over
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 ,
                 he
                 came
                 into
                 Ethiopia
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 Ematheon
                 the
                 Ethiopian
                 King
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 challeng'd
                 him
                 to
                 a
                 Battel
                 :
                 And
                 then
                 he
                 again
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Task
                 injoin'd
                 him
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Thieves
                 hurried
                 away
                 the
                 Girls
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Garden
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 Playing
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 great
                 haste
                 got
                 to
                 their
                 Ships
                 ;
                 whom
                 Hercules
                 met
                 with
                 upon
                 a
                 certain
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 refreshing
                 themselves
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 inform'd
                 by
                 the
                 Virgins
                 of
                 the
                 Rape
                 ,
                 he
                 kill'd
                 all
                 the
                 Thieves
                 ,
                 but
                 deliver'd
                 the
                 Girls
                 to
                 Atlas
                 their
                 Father
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 Kindness
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 grateful
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 readily
                 assisted
                 him
                 with
                 what
                 things
                 were
                 needful
                 for
                 the
                 accomplishment
                 of
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 then
                 in
                 hand
                 ,
                 but
                 willingly
                 taught
                 him
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Astrology
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 bestowed
                 much
                 of
                 his
                 Care
                 and
                 Pains
                 in
                 the
                 Study
                 of
                 this
                 Art
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 curiously
                 wrought
                 Sphear
                 of
                 the
                 Stars
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 said
                 to
                 carry
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 upon
                 his
                 Shoulders
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 like
                 manner
                 Hercules
                 tranferring
                 the
                 Doctrine
                 of
                 the
                 Spheres
                 to
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 gain'd
                 a
                 Name
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 that
                 from
                 Atlas
                 took
                 upon
                 himself
                 the
                 burden
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 :
                 The
                 Greeks
                 darkly
                 signifying
                 thereby
                 what
                 then
                 happened
                 betwixt
                 him
                 and
                 Atlas
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 Hercules
                 was
                 thus
                 imploy'd
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 those
                 Amazons
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 ,
                 gather'd
                 
                 all
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Nation
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Thermodon
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Design
                 to
                 revenge
                 themselves
                 upon
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Losses
                 they
                 sustain'd
                 by
                 Hercules
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 bore
                 a
                 particular
                 grudge
                 and
                 hatred
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 Theseus
                 carry'd
                 away
                 Captive
                 Antiope
                 ,
                 (
                 or
                 as
                 others
                 write
                 )
                 Hippolytes
                 ,
                 Queen
                 of
                 the
                 Amazons
                 .
              
               
                 Being
                 therefore
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Scythians
                 ,
                 as
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 they
                 rais'd
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 the
                 Amazonian
                 Leaders
                 passing
                 over
                 the
                 
                   Cimerian
                   Bosphorus
                
                 ,
                 marcht
                 through
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 and
                 pierc'd
                 through
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 Europe
                 ,
                 and
                 incamp'd
                 at
                 length
                 in
                 Attica
                 ,
                 at
                 a
                 Place
                 which
                 from
                 them
                 is
                 now
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Amazonian
                   Field
                   .
                   Theseus
                
                 having
                 intelligence
                 of
                 their
                 Approach
                 ,
                 marcht
                 out
                 against
                 them
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 rais'd
                 from
                 among
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 taking
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 Antiope
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 now
                 his
                 Son
                 Hippolytus
                 .
                 Battel
                 being
                 join'd
                 ,
                 those
                 with
                 Theseus
                 through
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 won
                 the
                 day
                 ,
                 and
                 slew
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Amazons
                 upon
                 the
                 spot
                 ,
                 and
                 drave
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 out
                 of
                 Attica
                 .
                 There
                 Antiope
                 in
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 her
                 Husband
                 ,
                 fought
                 bravely
                 ,
                 and
                 dy'd
                 in
                 Battel
                 like
                 a
                 Hero.
                 Those
                 Amazons
                 that
                 remain'd
                 ,
                 despairing
                 ever
                 to
                 recover
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 went
                 away
                 with
                 the
                 Seythians
                 their
                 Confederates
                 into
                 Seythia
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 seated
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
               
                 ●at
                 having
                 spoke
                 sussiciently
                 of
                 these
                 ,
                 we
                 return
                 to
                 Hercules
                 ;
                 who
                 having
                 now
                 finish'd
                 all
                 his
                 Labours
                 ,
                 was
                 told
                 by
                 the
                 Oracle
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 thing
                 very
                 necessary
                 ,
                 that
                 before
                 he
                 was
                 translated
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 plant
                 a
                 Colony
                 in
                 Sard●nia
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 his
                 Sons
                 of
                 the
                 Stock
                 of
                 the
                 Thespiadae
                 ,
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 .
                 He
                 therefore
                 with
                 his
                 Nephew
                 Iolaus
                 ,
                 pass'd
                 over
                 thither
                 with
                 the
                 Boys
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 yet
                 very
                 Young.
                 Here
                 we
                 think
                 it
                 convenient
                 to
                 premise
                 something
                 concerning
                 the
                 Birth
                 of
                 these
                 young
                 Boys
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 more
                 clearly
                 give
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Colony
                 .
                 Thespis
                 was
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 noble
                 Family
                 among
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 ●r●●theus
                 ,
                 and
                 Prince
                 of
                 a
                 Territory
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 him
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 of
                 many
                 Wives
                 ,
                 Fifty
                 Daughters
                 .
                 This
                 Thespis
                 being
                 desirous
                 that
                 his
                 Daughters
                 should
                 have
                 Issue
                 by
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 as
                 yet
                 but
                 very
                 Young
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 strength
                 of
                 Body
                 beyond
                 the
                 usual
                 course
                 of
                 Nature
                 at
                 that
                 Age
                 ,
                 invited
                 him
                 to
                 a
                 sacred
                 Festival
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 nobly
                 entertain'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 for
                 his
                 Daughters
                 severally
                 ,
                 one
                 after
                 another
                 ;
                 Hercules
                 lay
                 with
                 them
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 them
                 with
                 Child
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 became
                 both
                 a
                 Husband
                 of
                 Fifty
                 Wives
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Father
                 of
                 Fifty
                 Sons
                 ;
                 all
                 which
                 (
                 being
                 call'd
                 by
                 the
                 general
                 Name
                 of
                 Thespiadae
                 in
                 obedience
                 to
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 grown
                 up
                 ,
                 he
                 ordered
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 sent
                 away
                 ,
                 to
                 plant
                 a
                 Colony
                 in
                 
                 Sardinia
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 Iolaus
                 was
                 Admiral
                 of
                 his
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Companion
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 Expeditions
                 ,
                 he
                 committed
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Colony
                 of
                 these
                 Thespians
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 Two
                 of
                 the
                 Fifty
                 remain'd
                 in
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 whose
                 Posterity
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 continue
                 there
                 in
                 great
                 Honour
                 and
                 Esteem
                 at
                 this
                 Day
                 ;
                 and
                 Seven
                 more
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 call
                 *
                 Pe●uchi
                 ,
                 resided
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 Thespis
                 ,
                 whose
                 Posterity
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 were
                 the
                 principal
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 within
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Man's
                 Memory
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 whosoever
                 else
                 would
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 Iolaus
                 transported
                 into
                 Sardinia
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 overcome
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 in
                 Battel
                 ,
                 the
                 pleasantest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 most
                 Champain
                 ,
                 he
                 divided
                 by
                 Lot
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 is
                 call'd
                 Iolacion
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 so
                 improv'd
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 planted
                 it
                 with
                 Fruit-Trees
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 became
                 afterwards
                 a
                 Bone
                 of
                 Contention
                 :
                 For
                 from
                 that
                 time
                 it
                 grew
                 so
                 Famous
                 for
                 the
                 Riches
                 and
                 Fruitfulness
                 of
                 the
                 Soyl
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Carthaginiaus
                 growing
                 Rich
                 and
                 Powerful
                 ,
                 so
                 coveted
                 this
                 Island
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 fought
                 many
                 Battles
                 to
                 gain
                 it
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 shall
                 speak
                 hereafter
                 in
                 its
                 proper
                 Place
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 Iolaus
                 had
                 setled
                 his
                 Colony
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 for
                 Daedalus
                 out
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 imploy'd
                 him
                 in
                 building
                 many
                 stately
                 Structures
                 ,
                 which
                 remain
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 the
                 Architect
                 ,
                 are
                 call'd
                 †
                 Daedalus
                 his
                 Works
                 .
                 He
                 built
                 likewise
                 stately
                 and
                 sumptuous
                 Publick
                 Schools
                 for
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Exercises
                 ,
                 and
                 Courts
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 with
                 many
                 other
                 such
                 Works
                 conducing
                 to
                 the
                 happiness
                 and
                 well-being
                 of
                 Man's
                 Life
                 :
                 He
                 call'd
                 also
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 Iolacians
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 ,
                 the
                 Thespiade
                 allowing
                 him
                 that
                 honour
                 as
                 their
                 Father
                 .
                 For
                 upon
                 the
                 Account
                 of
                 his
                 faithful
                 Service
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 so
                 loved
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 call'd
                 him
                 Father
                 .
                 Whence
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 pass
                 in
                 After-times
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 who
                 sacrifi'd
                 to
                 this
                 God
                 ,
                 call
                 Iolaus
                 Father
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Persians
                 did
                 Cyrus
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 Iolaus
                 return'd
                 into
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Sieily
                 ,
                 were
                 he
                 staid
                 a
                 considerable
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 that
                 time
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Fellow-Travellers
                 (
                 taken
                 with
                 the
                 pleasantness
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 )
                 th
                 〈…〉
                 e
                 seated
                 themselves
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 mixt
                 among
                 the
                 Si●ani
                 ,
                 they
                 continu'd
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 in
                 great
                 esteem
                 with
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 But
                 Iolaus
                 is
                 especially
                 honour'd
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 for
                 the
                 general
                 good
                 ,
                 he
                 did
                 in
                 many
                 Cities
                 ,
                 Temples
                 and
                 Groves
                 are
                 built
                 ,
                 and
                 Divine
                 Worship
                 instituted
                 as
                 to
                 a
                 Demy-God
                 .
                 This
                 Colony
                 is
                 〈◊〉
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 a
                 remarkable
                 Circumstance
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Oracle
                 commanded
                 that
                 all
                 Persons
                 of
                 this
                 Colony
                 should
                 be
                 Freemen
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 their
                 Posterity
                 for
                 ever
                 should
                 so
                 continue
                 ;
                 which
                 Freedom
                 is
                 effectually
                 injoy'd
                 at
                 this
                 very
                 day
                 :
                 For
                 many
                 Barbarians
                 being
                 mixt
                 with
                 this
                 Colony
                 ,
                 in
                 process
                 of
                 time
                 the
                 whole
                 Colony
                 became
                 Barbarous
                 ;
                 and
                 removing
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 inhabited
                 in
                 Places
                 inaccessible
                 ;
                 where
                 being
                 us'd
                 to
                 Flesh
                 and
                 Milk
                 (
                 having
                 many
                 Herds
                 and
                 Hocks
                 of
                 Cattel
                 ,
                 )
                 they
                 never
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 Bread-Co
                 〈…〉
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 that
                 they
                 live
                 in
                 Caves
                 under
                 Ground
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 easily
                 avoided
                 the
                 Miseries
                 of
                 War
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 though
                 both
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 and
                 Romans
                 have
                 often
                 attempted
                 to
                 subdue
                 them
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 yet
                 all
                 has
                 been
                 in
                 vain
                 :
                 But
                 let
                 this
                 now
                 suffice
                 that
                 has
                 been
                 said
                 concerning
                 Iolaus
                 and
                 the
                 Thespiadae
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Colony
                 in
                 Sardinia
                 .
              
               
               
                 Hercules
                 having
                 now
                 finish'd
                 all
                 his
                 Labours
                 ,
                 gave
                 his
                 Wife
                 Megara
                 to
                 Iolaus
                 ,
                 
                 suspecting
                 that
                 to
                 have
                 Issue
                 by
                 her
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 unfortunate
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 miserable
                 Disaster
                 that
                 befel
                 his
                 former
                 Children
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 he
                 sought
                 after
                 another
                 Wife
                 (
                 less
                 to
                 be
                 suspected
                 )
                 by
                 whom
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 more
                 Children
                 .
                 In
                 order
                 whereunto
                 ,
                 he
                 desir'd
                 Iole
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Eurytus
                 Prince
                 of
                 Oechaliae
                 ,
                 in
                 Marriage
                 .
                 But
                 Eurytus
                 
                 (
                 fearing
                 the
                 Misfortune
                 of
                 Megara
                 )
                 told
                 him
                 he
                 would
                 consider
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 Hercules
                 looking
                 upon
                 this
                 as
                 a
                 Denial
                 ,
                 to
                 revenge
                 himself
                 for
                 the
                 Dishonour
                 put
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 drave
                 away
                 Eurytus
                 his
                 Horses
                 :
                 But
                 Iphitus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Eurythus
                 suspecting
                 how
                 the
                 matter
                 was
                 ,
                 came
                 to
                 Tirynthus
                 to
                 seek
                 them
                 ;
                 where
                 Hercules
                 brought
                 him
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 an
                 high
                 Turret
                 ,
                 and
                 bid
                 him
                 look
                 round
                 about
                 ,
                 to
                 see
                 whether
                 he
                 could
                 spy
                 the
                 Horses
                 pasturing
                 in
                 any
                 Place
                 :
                 Iphitus
                 not
                 discerning
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 Hercules
                 complain'd
                 he
                 had
                 falsly
                 accused
                 him
                 of
                 Theft
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 threw
                 him
                 down
                 headlong
                 from
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 the
                 Tower.
                 For
                 which
                 wicked
                 Fact
                 being
                 punished
                 with
                 a
                 grievous
                 Disease
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 Neleus
                 ,
                 at
                 Pylus
                 ,
                 and
                 intreated
                 him
                 to
                 expiate
                 his
                 Offence
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 Neleus
                 consulted
                 concerning
                 this
                 matter
                 with
                 his
                 Sons
                 ;
                 who
                 all
                 declar'd
                 (
                 except
                 Nestor
                 the
                 Youngest
                 ,
                 )
                 that
                 no
                 expiation
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 allowed
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 Deiophobus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Hippolytus
                 ,
                 and
                 desired
                 him
                 to
                 expiate
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 sinding
                 still
                 no
                 Remedy
                 for
                 his
                 Disease
                 ,
                 he
                 consulted
                 at
                 the
                 Oracle
                 of
                 Apollo
                 what
                 he
                 should
                 do
                 to
                 be
                 cured
                 ;
                 who
                 answer'd
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 easily
                 freed
                 from
                 his
                 Distemper
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 sold
                 for
                 a
                 valuable
                 Price
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Mony
                 given
                 to
                 Iphitus
                 his
                 Children
                 .
                 In
                 obedience
                 therefore
                 to
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 (
                 forc'd
                 through
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 the
                 Distemper
                 )
                 with
                 some
                 Friends
                 he
                 pass'd
                 over
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 suffer'd
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Servants
                 to
                 sell
                 him
                 :
                 And
                 sold
                 he
                 was
                 as
                 a
                 Slave
                 to
                 Omphala
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Jardanus
                 ,
                 and
                 Queen
                 of
                 the
                 Maeones
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 so
                 the
                 Lydians
                 were
                 formerly
                 call'd
                 )
                 and
                 the
                 Seller
                 gave
                 the
                 Price
                 to
                 the
                 Children
                 of
                 Iphitus
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 command
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 .
              
               
                 Hercules
                 hereupon
                 being
                 recover'd
                 of
                 his
                 Distemper
                 diligently
                 serv'd
                 Omphala
                 ,
                 and
                 clear'd
                 the
                 Land
                 of
                 Robbers
                 that
                 infested
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Thieves
                 call'd
                 Cercopes
                 (
                 who
                 had
                 done
                 abundance
                 of
                 mischief
                 )
                 he
                 Kill'd
                 ,
                 others
                 he
                 brought
                 bou●d
                 before
                 the
                 Queen
                 .
                 He
                 Kill'd
                 also
                 Sileus
                 with
                 a
                 Spade
                 ,
                 who
                 forc'd
                 all
                 Strangers
                 that
                 came
                 thither
                 to
                 work
                 in
                 the
                 Vineyards
                 .
                 He
                 recover'd
                 likewise
                 the
                 Spoils
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 from
                 the
                 Itones
                 ,
                 that
                 wasted
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 with
                 their
                 Depredations
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 and
                 raz'd
                 their
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 they
                 made
                 all
                 their
                 Excursions
                 .
                 Omphales
                 admiring
                 the
                 Valour
                 and
                 noble
                 Exploits
                 of
                 the
                 Man
                 ,
                 after
                 she
                 came
                 to
                 understand
                 who
                 he
                 was
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 whence
                 descended
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 Manumitted
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 Marry'd
                 him
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 she
                 had
                 Lamon
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 a
                 Son
                 likewise
                 before
                 call'd
                 Cleolaus
                 ,
                 begotten
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 his
                 servitude
                 ,
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Fellow
                 Servants
                 .
              
               
                 Returning
                 afterwards
                 into
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 he
                 led
                 an
                 Army
                 against
                 Laomedon
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Troy
                 ,
                 for
                 some
                 Injuries
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 him
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 deny'd
                 to
                 deliver
                 the
                 Horses
                 he
                 had
                 promis'd
                 him
                 for
                 the
                 Killing
                 of
                 the
                 Whale
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 that
                 he
                 accompany'd
                 Jason
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 to
                 bring
                 away
                 the
                 Golden
                 Fleece
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 shall
                 presently
                 treat
                 particularly
                 in
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 .
                 But
                 being
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 prevented
                 from
                 revenging
                 himself
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Expedition
                 wherein
                 he
                 was
                 ingag'd
                 with
                 Jason
                 ,
                 he
                 pickt
                 out
                 a
                 fit
                 opportunity
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 and
                 sail'd
                 (
                 as
                 some
                 say
                 )
                 with
                 Eightheen
                 Ships
                 against
                 Troy
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 Homer
                 says
                 with
                 Six
                 only
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 ,
                 who
                 introduces
                 Tlepolimus
                 in
                 these
                 Words
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   But
                   Hercules
                   my
                   Father
                   ,
                   as
                   is
                   said
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Lions
                   strong
                   in
                   Valour
                   did
                   exceed
                   ,
                
                 
                   That
                   only
                   with
                   Six
                   Ships
                   and
                   Slender
                   Force
                   ,
                
                 
                   For
                   
                   Laomedon's
                   Horses
                   took
                   his
                   Course
                   ;
                
                 
                   And
                   then
                   Besieg'd
                   and
                   took
                   the
                   City
                   Troy
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   many
                   of
                   her
                   People
                   did
                   destroy
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 Hercules
                 therefore
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 arriv'd
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Troas
                 ,
                 marcht
                 straight
                 with
                 a
                 Valiant
                 Number
                 of
                 Men
                 to
                 Troy
                 ,
                 but
                 left
                 Oiclcus
                 the
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Amphiaraus
                 with
                 the
                 Fleet
                 to
                 be
                 ready
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 as
                 occasion
                 serv'd
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Laomedon
                 being
                 surpriz'd
                 by
                 the
                 suddain
                 advance
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 hurry
                 raised
                 as
                 many
                 Forces
                 as
                 the
                 shortness
                 of
                 the
                 time
                 would
                 admit
                 him
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 and
                 led
                 them
                 against
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 hoping
                 by
                 burning
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 to
                 put
                 a
                 speedy
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 War.
                 Oicleus
                 the
                 Admiral
                 met
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 kill'd
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 Onset
                 ;
                 
                 the
                 rest
                 being
                 forc'd
                 to
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 stood
                 off
                 to
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 Laomedon
                 then
                 return'd
                 and
                 Fought
                 with
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 and
                 most
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 were
                 cut
                 off
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 Hercules
                 presently
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 that
                 oppos'd
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 but
                 advanc'd
                 Priam
                 (
                 for
                 his
                 Justice
                 )
                 to
                 his
                 Father's
                 Throne
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 the
                 only
                 Son
                 of
                 Laomedon
                 ,
                 that
                 disapprov'd
                 what
                 his
                 Father
                 did
                 ,
                 and
                 advis'd
                 that
                 the
                 Horses
                 should
                 be
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 Hercules
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Contract
                 .
                 Hercules
                 to
                 crown
                 
                 Telamon's
                 Valour
                 with
                 an
                 honourable
                 Reward
                 ,
                 gave
                 him
                 Hesione
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Laomedon
                 to
                 Wife
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 in
                 this
                 Storm
                 made
                 his
                 Way
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 strongest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 Wall
                 ,
                 where
                 Hercules
                 himself
                 made
                 the
                 Assault
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 his
                 Return
                 into
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 Augeas
                 for
                 defranding
                 him
                 of
                 his
                 promis'd
                 Reward
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 a
                 Battel
                 fought
                 with
                 the
                 Eleans
                 ,
                 without
                 effecting
                 any
                 thing
                 further
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 to
                 Olenus
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 before
                 entertain'd
                 him
                 as
                 his
                 Guest
                 ,
                 whose
                 Daughter
                 Hippolyte
                 was
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 just
                 Marry'd
                 to
                 
                   Axanus
                   .
                   Hercules
                
                 being
                 then
                 there
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 Eurytion
                 the
                 Centaur
                 ,
                 for
                 offering
                 Violence
                 to
                 Hippolyte
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 her
                 Marriage
                 .
              
               
                 Being
                 return'd
                 to
                 
                   Tirynthe
                   ,
                   Eurystheus
                
                 (
                 mov'd
                 upon
                 some
                 Suspicion
                 of
                 Treason
                 or
                 other
                 )
                 Banish'd
                 him
                 with
                 his
                 Mother
                 Alcmena
                 ;
                 and
                 likewise
                 Ephicle
                 and
                 Iolaus
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 Being
                 thus
                 forc'd
                 away
                 ,
                 he
                 resided
                 at
                 Pheneus
                 in
                 Arcadia
                 .
                 Where
                 he
                 heard
                 that
                 the
                 Sacreds
                 of
                 Neptune
                 in
                 a
                 Solemn
                 Procession
                 were
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Istmos
                 under
                 the
                 Conduct
                 of
                 Eurytus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Augeas
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 he
                 hasted
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 upon
                 Eurytus
                 on
                 the
                 suddain
                 near
                 to
                 Cleone
                 where
                 
                 Hercules's
                 Temple
                 now
                 stands
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 him
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 entring
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Elis
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Potent
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 kill'd
                 also
                 King
                 Augeas
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 recall'd
                 Phyleus
                 into
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 up
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 into
                 his
                 Hands
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 banish'd
                 by
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 for
                 ordering
                 the
                 Reward
                 to
                 be
                 given
                 to
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 being
                 chosen
                 an
                 Arbitrator
                 between
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 it
                 happened
                 that
                 Tyndarus
                 was
                 banish'd
                 from
                 Sparta
                 by
                 Hippocoon
                 ,
                 whose
                 Sons
                 likewise
                 being
                 Twenty
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 had
                 kill'd
                 Hyionus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 
                   Lycimnius
                   ,
                   Hercules
                
                 his
                 Special
                 Friend
                 .
                 Hercules
                 understanding
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Battel
                 routing
                 them
                 ,
                 slew
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 took
                 Sparta
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 Tyndarus
                 the
                 Father
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Dioscuri
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 upon
                 this
                 Condition
                 ,
                 that
                 (
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 gain'd
                 it
                 by
                 Conquest
                 )
                 he
                 should
                 keep
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 hereafter
                 deliver
                 it
                 up
                 intire
                 to
                 his
                 Posterity
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Battel
                 there
                 were
                 very
                 few
                 kill'd
                 on
                 Hercules
                 his
                 side
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 were
                 those
                 Famous
                 Men
                 Iphiclus
                 ,
                 and
                 Seventeen
                 Sons
                 of
                 Cepheus
                 ;
                 for
                 of
                 Twenty
                 ,
                 Three
                 only
                 escap'd
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 there
                 fell
                 Hippocoon
                 himself
                 with
                 Ten
                 of
                 his
                 Sons
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Spartans
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 Battel
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 into
                 Arcadia
                 ,
                 and
                 resorted
                 to
                 King
                 Aleos
                 ,
                 whose
                 Daughter
                 Augeas
                 by
                 stealth
                 lay
                 with
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 with
                 Child
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 went
                 to
                 
                   Stymphalus
                   .
                   Aleos
                
                 being
                 ignorant
                 of
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 discover'd
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 swelling
                 of
                 his
                 Daughter's
                 Belly
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 askt
                 her
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 Father
                 ;
                 who
                 answer'd
                 she
                 was
                 forc'd
                 by
                 Hercules
                 .
                 Her
                 Father
                 not
                 giving
                 any
                 credit
                 to
                 what
                 she
                 said
                 ,
                 deliver'd
                 her
                 to
                 a
                 Nauphan
                 whom
                 he
                 consided
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 him
                 to
                 drown
                 her
                 .
              
               
                 Auge
                 being
                 carry'd
                 away
                 for
                 †
                 Nauphalia
                 ,
                 in
                 her
                 Voyage
                 fell
                 in
                 labour
                 near
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Parthenius
                 ,
                 and
                 turn'd
                 aside
                 into
                 a
                 Wood
                 near
                 adjoining
                 ,
                 under
                 colour
                 of
                 discharging
                 the
                 necessities
                 of
                 nature
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 was
                 deliver'd
                 of
                 a
                 Son
                 ,
                 which
                 she
                 left
                 hid
                 among
                 the
                 Shrubs
                 :
                 Then
                 she
                 went
                 away
                 with
                 the
                 Nauplian
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 Nauplia
                 ,
                 a
                 Port
                 in
                 the
                 Territory
                 of
                 Argos
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 was
                 unexpectedly
                 
                 preserv'd
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Nauplian
                 was
                 not
                 willing
                 to
                 drown
                 her
                 as
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 commanded
                 ,
                 but
                 gave
                 her
                 to
                 certain
                 Strangers
                 of
                 Caria
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 then
                 setting
                 Sail
                 for
                 Asia
                 ,
                 who
                 took
                 her
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 sold
                 her
                 to
                 Teathras
                 King
                 
                 of
                 Mysia
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Child
                 that
                 was
                 left
                 in
                 Mount
                 Parthenius
                 was
                 found
                 sucking
                 of
                 an
                 Hind
                 ,
                 by
                 some
                 Shepherds
                 belonging
                 to
                 King
                 Corythus
                 ,
                 who
                 brought
                 it
                 to
                 their
                 Master
                 :
                 Corythus
                 willingly
                 receiv'd
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 educated
                 and
                 brought
                 it
                 up
                 as
                 his
                 own
                 Son
                 ,
                 and
                 nam'd
                 him
                 Telephus
                 from
                 the
                 *
                 Hind
                 that
                 suckl'd
                 him
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 was
                 grown
                 up
                 to
                 Mans
                 Estate
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 the
                 Oracle
                 at
                 Delphos
                 to
                 inquire
                 who
                 was
                 his
                 Mother
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 answer'd
                 that
                 he
                 must
                 repair
                 to
                 Teuthras
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Mysia
                 :
                 Having
                 found
                 out
                 his
                 Mother
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 being
                 now
                 known
                 who
                 was
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 high
                 Esteem
                 and
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 Teuthras
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 no
                 Heir
                 Male
                 ,
                 marry'd
                 him
                 to
                 his
                 Daughter
                 Argiope
                 ,
                 and
                 adopted
                 him
                 his
                 Heir
                 and
                 Successor
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Hercules
                 the
                 Fifth
                 Year
                 after
                 his
                 Banishment
                 into
                 Pheneus
                 ,
                 being
                 exceedingly
                 griev'd
                 for
                 the
                 Deaths
                 of
                 Hyionus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Lycimnius
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 his
                 Brother
                 Iphiclus
                 ,
                 wholly
                 abandon'd
                 Arcadia
                 and
                 Peloponesus
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 accompany'd
                 with
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 went
                 to
                 Calydon
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 Aetolia
                 .
                 And
                 having
                 now
                 neither
                 Wife
                 nor
                 lawful
                 Issue
                 ,
                 he
                 marry'd
                 Deianira
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 
                   Oen●us
                   ,
                   Meleeager
                
                 being
                 then
                 dead
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 here
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 amiss
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 small
                 Digression
                 ,
                 and
                 declare
                 what
                 hapned
                 to
                 Meleager
                 .
              
               
                 Oencus
                 upon
                 a
                 great
                 Plenty
                 of
                 Corn
                 ,
                 in
                 Gratitude
                 ,
                 sacrific'd
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 but
                 
                 only
                 Diana
                 :
                 At
                 which
                 the
                 Goddess
                 being
                 inrag'd
                 ,
                 sent
                 among
                 them
                 that
                 so
                 fam'd
                 and
                 mighty
                 Calydonian
                 Boar
                 ,
                 which
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoyl'd
                 all
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Region
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 most
                 of
                 their
                 Cattle
                 .
                 Meleager
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Oeneus
                 being
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 Flower
                 of
                 his
                 Age
                 and
                 full
                 Strength
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 inferiour
                 to
                 any
                 for
                 Valour
                 ,
                 associated
                 himself
                 with
                 many
                 other
                 Gallants
                 to
                 hunt
                 this
                 Boar.
                 He
                 being
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 wounded
                 the
                 Beast
                 with
                 his
                 Dart
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 general
                 Consent
                 of
                 all
                 carry'd
                 away
                 the
                 Spoyl
                 and
                 Honour
                 of
                 the
                 day
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 Boar's
                 Skin
                 .
                 Atalanta
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Echeneus
                 ,
                 was
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Associates
                 in
                 this
                 Hunting
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 Meleager
                 (
                 being
                 much
                 in
                 Love
                 with
                 her
                 )
                 presented
                 her
                 with
                 the
                 Skin
                 ,
                 attributing
                 to
                 her
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 the
                 Action
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Thestius
                 his
                 Fellow-hunters
                 took
                 it
                 most
                 hainously
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Stranger
                 should
                 be
                 preferr'd
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 regard
                 be
                 had
                 to
                 the
                 Nearness
                 of
                 Kindred
                 that
                 was
                 between
                 them
                 and
                 Meleager
                 .
                 To
                 defeat
                 her
                 therefore
                 of
                 
                 Meleager's
                 Gift
                 they
                 lay
                 in
                 wait
                 for
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 upon
                 her
                 in
                 her
                 return
                 to
                 Arcadia
                 and
                 took
                 away
                 the
                 Skin
                 by
                 Force
                 .
                 But
                 Meleager
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 Love
                 he
                 bore
                 to
                 Atalanta
                 )
                 being
                 much
                 troubled
                 at
                 the
                 Affront
                 and
                 Disgrace
                 offer'd
                 her
                 ,
                 took
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 her
                 Cause
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 first
                 advis'd
                 the
                 Aggressors
                 to
                 restore
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 violently
                 taken
                 away
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 prevail
                 ,
                 he
                 slew
                 them
                 .
                 They
                 were
                 the
                 Brothers
                 of
                 Althea
                 ,
                 his
                 Mother
                 ,
                 who
                 so
                 immoderately
                 griev'd
                 for
                 their
                 Deaths
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 pour'd
                 out
                 most
                 heavy
                 Curses
                 against
                 her
                 Son
                 ,
                 and
                 wish'd
                 the
                 Gods
                 would
                 cut
                 him
                 off
                 ,
                 who
                 heard
                 her
                 Prayer
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 him
                 .
                 Some
                 there
                 be
                 that
                 feign
                 that
                 when
                 Meleager
                 was
                 
                 born
                 the
                 Destinies
                 appear'd
                 to
                 Althea
                 in
                 her
                 Dream
                 ,
                 and
                 foretold
                 that
                 Meleager
                 her
                 Son
                 should
                 dye
                 when
                 a
                 Brand
                 that
                 was
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 Fire
                 should
                 be
                 consum'd
                 .
                 His
                 Mother
                 therereupon
                 conceiving
                 the
                 Life
                 of
                 her
                 Son
                 depended
                 upon
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 the
                 Firebrand
                 ,
                 laid
                 it
                 up
                 very
                 carefully
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 incens'd
                 at
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 her
                 Brothers
                 ,
                 she
                 threw
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 hastned
                 her
                 Sons
                 Death
                 .
                 But
                 afterwards
                 repenting
                 and
                 grievously
                 afflicted
                 for
                 what
                 she
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 *
                 she
                 hang'd
                 her self
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Hipponous
                 in
                 †
                 Olenum
                 being
                 incens'd
                 at
                 his
                 Daughter
                 Peribaea
                 ,
                 because
                 she
                 said
                 she
                 was
                 with
                 Child
                 by
                 Mars
                 ,
                 sent
                 her
                 to
                 Oeneus
                 in
                 
                 Aetolia
                 ,
                 and
                 desir'd
                 him
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 forthwith
                 put
                 her
                 to
                 Death
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 having
                 lately
                 lost
                 both
                 his
                 Son
                 and
                 his
                 Wife
                 ,
                 would
                 not
                 kill
                 the
                 Lady
                 ,
                 but
                 marry'd
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 begat
                 of
                 her
                 Tydeus
                 .
                 But
                 let
                 this
                 suffice
                 concerning
                 
                   Meleager
                   ,
                   Althea
                
                 and
                 Oeneus
                 .
              
               
                 Hercules
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Favour
                 of
                 the
                 Calydonians
                 diverted
                 the
                 River
                 *
                 Achelous
                 into
                 another
                 Channel
                 which
                 he
                 cut
                 for
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 water'd
                 a
                 great
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 it
                 exceeding
                 fruitful
                 ,
                 which
                 gave
                 Occasion
                 to
                 the
                 Poetical
                 Fables
                 ,
                 that
                 Hercules
                 fought
                 with
                 †
                 Achelous
                 transform'd
                 into
                 the
                 Shape
                 of
                 a
                 Bull
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Conflict
                 cut
                 off
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Horns
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 :
                 This
                 they
                 call
                 
                 Amalthea's
                 
                 Horn
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 (
                 the
                 Poets
                 feign
                 )
                 grow
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Summer-fruit
                 ,
                 as
                 Grapes
                 ,
                 Apples
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 .
                 By
                 the
                 Horn
                 they
                 darkly
                 signify
                 the
                 new
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Achelous
                 ,
                 bending
                 like
                 a
                 Horn
                 through
                 the
                 other
                 Channel
                 :
                 By
                 the
                 Apples
                 ,
                 Pomegranates
                 and
                 Grapes
                 they
                 denote
                 the
                 Fruitfulness
                 of
                 the
                 Soyl
                 water'd
                 by
                 the
                 River
                 and
                 the
                 Plenty
                 of
                 fruitful
                 Plants
                 .
                 By
                 terming
                 it
                 *
                 
                   Amalt
                   〈…〉
                
                 Horn
                 they
                 signify'd
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 him
                 that
                 cut
                 the
                 Ditch
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 Hercules
                 assisted
                 the
                 Calydonians
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 
                   Thes●rot
                   .
                
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 Ephyra
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 slew
                 their
                 King
                 Phileus
                 ;
                 and
                 lying
                 with
                 his
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 his
                 Prisoner
                 ,
                 on
                 her
                 he
                 begat
                 Tlepolemus
                 .
                 The
                 Third
                 Year
                 after
                 his
                 Marriage
                 to
                 
                   Deianira
                   ,
                   Eurynomus
                
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Architelus
                 (
                 then
                 a
                 young
                 Boy
                 )
                 serving
                 Oeneus
                 at
                 Table
                 ,
                 Hercules
                 for
                 some
                 small
                 Mistake
                 in
                 his
                 Attendance
                 gave
                 him
                 such
                 a
                 Box
                 on
                 the
                 Ear
                 (
                 that
                 much
                 against
                 his
                 Will
                 )
                 he
                 kill'd
                 the
                 poor
                 Boy
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 Misfortune
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 griev'd
                 ,
                 that
                 with
                 his
                 Wife
                 Deianira
                 and
                 Hyllus
                 his
                 Son
                 by
                 her
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 a
                 young
                 Child
                 ,
                 he
                 voluntarily
                 banish'd
                 himself
                 out
                 of
                 Calydonia
                 :
                 In
                 his
                 Journey
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Euenus
                 he
                 found
                 Nessus
                 the
                 Centaur
                 ,
                 who
                 carry'd
                 People
                 over
                 the
                 Ford
                 for
                 Hire
                 .
                 Deianira
                 being
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 he
                 carry'd
                 over
                 ,
                 the
                 Centaur
                 fell
                 in
                 Love
                 with
                 her
                 for
                 her
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 and
                 attempted
                 to
                 ravish
                 her
                 ,
                 whereupon
                 she
                 cry'd
                 out
                 for
                 Help
                 to
                 her
                 Husband
                 ,
                 who
                 presently
                 shot
                 him
                 through
                 the
                 Body
                 with
                 an
                 Arrow
                 .
                 The
                 Centaur
                 through
                 the
                 Grievousness
                 of
                 his
                 Wound
                 dy'd
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 Act
                 of
                 his
                 Rape
                 ,
                 only
                 had
                 time
                 to
                 teil
                 her
                 that
                 for
                 the
                 great
                 Love
                 he
                 bore
                 her
                 he
                 would
                 teach
                 her
                 a
                 *
                 Receipt
                 for
                 the
                 procuring
                 of
                 Love
                 by
                 Force
                 ,
                 whereof
                 Hercules
                 should
                 never
                 after
                 be
                 familiar
                 with
                 any
                 other
                 Woman
                 besides
                 her self
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 should
                 anoint
                 Hercules
                 his
                 under
                 Garment
                 with
                 the
                 Blood
                 that
                 issu'd
                 from
                 his
                 Wound
                 mixt
                 together
                 with
                 Oyl
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Seed
                 that
                 fell
                 from
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 thus
                 said
                 he
                 immediatly
                 breath'd
                 out
                 his
                 last
                 .
              
               
                 Deianira
                 observ'd
                 what
                 Directions
                 he
                 had
                 given
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 mixing
                 the
                 Seed
                 of
                 Nessus
                 with
                 his
                 Blood
                 which
                 dropt
                 from
                 the
                 Arrow
                 ,
                 kept
                 it
                 privately
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 Box
                 for
                 
                   Hercules
                   .
                   Hercules
                
                 having
                 pass'd
                 the
                 River
                 went
                 to
                 Ceyces
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Trachinia
                 ,
                 and
                 dwelt
                 with
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 Stranger
                 ,
                 ever
                 accompany'd
                 with
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 as
                 his
                 Fellow-soldiers
                 and
                 Associates
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 Philas
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Dryopi
                 being
                 accus'd
                 for
                 some
                 Act
                 of
                 Impiety
                 against
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 
                   Delphos
                   ,
                   Hercules
                
                 with
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Melienses
                 took
                 up
                 Arms
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 kill'd
                 him
                 and
                 cast
                 the
                 Dryopi
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 ancient
                 Habitations
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 their
                 Country
                 to
                 the
                 Melienses
                 .
                 On
                 his
                 Captive
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Philas
                 he
                 begat
                 Antiochus
                 .
                 Besides
                 Hyllus
                 he
                 had
                 afterwards
                 other
                 Children
                 by
                 
                   Deianira
                   ,
                   Gryneus
                
                 or
                 Gleneus
                 and
                 Hodites
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 Dryopi
                 that
                 were
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 passed
                 over
                 to
                 Eubaea
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 built
                 the
                 City
                 Carystus
                 :
                 Others
                 of
                 them
                 sayl'd
                 into
                 the
                 Island
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 new
                 Seats
                 ,
                 and
                 became
                 one
                 People
                 with
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 fled
                 to
                 Eurystheus
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 in
                 
                 Hatred
                 of
                 Hercules
                 )
                 receiv'd
                 them
                 into
                 his
                 Protection
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 with
                 his
                 Assistance
                 built
                 three
                 Cities
                 in
                 
                   Peloponesus
                   ,
                   Asine
                   ,
                   Hermione
                
                 and
                 Eione
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Expulsion
                 of
                 the
                 Dryopi
                 ,
                 a
                 War
                 broke
                 forth
                 between
                 the
                 Doreans
                 (
                 which
                 inhabited
                 Hestiaetes
                 in
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Aegimius
                 )
                 and
                 the
                 Lapithae
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Mount
                 Olympus
                 ,
                 whose
                 King
                 was
                 Coronus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Phoroneus
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Lapithae
                 being
                 much
                 stronger
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 the
                 Doreans
                 crav'd
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 him
                 the
                 third
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 Terms
                 they
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 him
                 to
                 joyn
                 with
                 them
                 as
                 their
                 Confederate
                 .
                 With
                 their
                 joint
                 Forces
                 therefore
                 they
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 Hercules
                 by
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 (
                 whom
                 he
                 ever
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 as
                 his
                 Assistants
                 )
                 routed
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 slew
                 the
                 King
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 cutting
                 off
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 forc'd
                 the
                 Lapithae
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Territory
                 which
                 they
                 contested
                 for
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 being
                 thus
                 effected
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 up
                 the
                 third
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 promis'd
                 him
                 to
                 Aeginius
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 kept
                 by
                 him
                 in
                 Trust
                 in
                 Order
                 to
                 be
                 restor'd
                 to
                 Hercules
                 his
                 Posterity
                 .
                 In
                 his
                 return
                 to
                 Trachinia
                 ,
                 he
                 kill'd
                 Cygnus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Mars
                 ,
                 who
                 challeng'd
                 him
                 to
                 a
                 Duel
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 he
                 passed
                 through
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Pelasgi
                 ,
                 from
                 Itonus
                 ,
                 he
                 met
                 with
                 King
                 Hormenius
                 ,
                 and
                 demanded
                 his
                 Daughter
                 Astydamia
                 in
                 Marriage
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 Deianira
                 was
                 his
                 lawful
                 Wife
                 before
                 ,
                 he
                 refus'd
                 to
                 give
                 his
                 Consent
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 he
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 kill'd
                 the
                 King
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 possessing
                 himself
                 of
                 Astydamia
                 by
                 Force
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 begat
                 of
                 her
                 C●esippus
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 second
                 Expedition
                 against
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 
                 Eurytus
                 ,
                 for
                 denying
                 to
                 give
                 him
                 Iole
                 in
                 Marriage
                 ▪
                 And
                 by
                 the
                 Help
                 of
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 slew
                 
                   Toxeus
                   ,
                   Molion
                
                 and
                 Pytius
                 ,
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Eurytus
                 ;
                 and
                 carrying
                 away
                 Iole
                 ,
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 Promontory
                 Cenaeus
                 in
                 *
                 Eubaea
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 appointed
                 a
                 solemn
                 Sacrifice
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 Lichas
                 his
                 Servant
                 to
                 Trachine
                 to
                 his
                 Wife
                 Deianira
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 wish
                 her
                 to
                 send
                 him
                 his
                 Coat
                 and
                 Shirt
                 he
                 us'd
                 to
                 wear
                 when
                 he
                 sacrific'd
                 to
                 the
                 Gods.
                 Deianira
                 (
                 being
                 inform
                 by
                 Lichas
                 of
                 her
                 Husband's
                 Love
                 to
                 Iole
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 greater
                 Love
                 and
                 Kindness
                 for
                 her
                 than
                 her self
                 )
                 anointed
                 the
                 Coat
                 and
                 Shirt
                 with
                 the
                 destructive
                 Receipt
                 given
                 her
                 by
                 the
                 Centaur
                 ,
                 which
                 Lichas
                 (
                 ignorant
                 of
                 the
                 Matter
                 )
                 carry'd
                 to
                 the
                 Sacrifice
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 Hercules
                 put
                 on
                 the
                 Garment
                 ,
                 the
                 Infection
                 and
                 Venom
                 of
                 the
                 Receipt
                 began
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 to
                 work
                 ,
                 which
                 put
                 him
                 at
                 last
                 upon
                 the
                 Rack
                 in
                 most
                 miserable
                 Torment
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Poyson
                 of
                 the
                 Arrow
                 like
                 a
                 stinging
                 Viper
                 overspread
                 the
                 Garment
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 its
                 scorching
                 Heat
                 even
                 eat
                 up
                 the
                 Flesh
                 of
                 his
                 whole
                 Body
                 .
                 Hercules
                 being
                 thus
                 intolerably
                 tormented
                 forthwith
                 kill'd
                 his
                 Servant
                 Lichas
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 dismiss'd
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 to
                 Trachinia
                 .
                 But
                 his
                 Torment
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 increasing
                 he
                 sent
                 Lioymnion
                 and
                 Iolus
                 to
                 Delphos
                 to
                 inquire
                 of
                 Apollo
                 how
                 he
                 might
                 be
                 ●●'d
                 .
                 Deianira
                 amaz'd
                 at
                 the
                 Extremity
                 of
                 her
                 Husband's
                 Misery
                 ,
                 and
                 conscious
                 of
                 what
                 she
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 hang'd
                 her self
                 .
                 The
                 Answer
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 was
                 ,
                 That
                 with
                 a
                 warlike
                 Train
                 they
                 should
                 carry
                 Hercules
                 away
                 to
                 O●●a
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 raise
                 up
                 for
                 him
                 a
                 great
                 Pile
                 of
                 Wood
                 ,
                 and
                 Jupiter
                 would
                 take
                 great
                 Care
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 Iolus
                 hereupon
                 and
                 those
                 with
                 him
                 perform'd
                 what
                 was
                 commanded
                 ,
                 suspecting
                 what
                 the
                 Issue
                 was
                 like
                 to
                 be
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 Hercules
                 (
                 despairing
                 of
                 his
                 Recovery
                 )
                 mounted
                 the
                 Pile
                 ,
                 and
                 earnestly
                 desir'd
                 those
                 present
                 to
                 set
                 it
                 on
                 Fire
                 .
                 When
                 none
                 would
                 do
                 it
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 Philocletes
                 observ'd
                 his
                 Order
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 Fire
                 under
                 the
                 Pile
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 
                 a
                 Reward
                 Hercules
                 gave
                 him
                 his
                 Bow
                 and
                 Arrows
                 ;
                 hereupon
                 the
                 Pile
                 was
                 presently
                 on
                 a
                 Flame
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 by
                 the
                 Fire
                 but
                 with
                 Thunder
                 and
                 Lightning
                 from
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 was
                 in
                 an
                 instant
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 Ashes
                 .
                 Iolus
                 afterwards
                 seeking
                 for
                 his
                 Bones
                 ,
                 could
                 find
                 none
                 at
                 all
                 ;
                 whence
                 arose
                 an
                 Opinion
                 that
                 Hercules
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Oracle
                 had
                 foretold
                 )
                 was
                 translated
                 from
                 Men
                 to
                 the
                 Gods.
                 Iolus
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 having
                 therefore
                 sacrific'd
                 to
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 Demy-God
                 ,
                 and
                 rais'd
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 Monument
                 in
                 Remembrance
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 return'd
                 to
                 Trachinia
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 Men●alus
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 
                   Actor
                   ,
                   Hercules
                
                 his
                 special
                 Friend
                 ,
                 instituted
                 that
                 in
                 Opuntus
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 offer'd
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 every
                 Year
                 as
                 to
                 a
                 Demy-God
                 ,
                 a
                 Bull
                 ,
                 a
                 Boar
                 and
                 a
                 Goat
                 .
                 The
                 Thebans
                 did
                 the
                 same
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 offer'd
                 Sacrifices
                 to
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 pious
                 Example
                 first
                 induc'd
                 all
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 all
                 other
                 Nations
                 as
                 such
                 to
                 worship
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 what
                 we
                 have
                 said
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 further
                 add
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 after
                 his
                 Translation
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 Jupiter
                 persuaded
                 Juno
                 to
                 adopt
                 Hercules
                 for
                 her
                 Son
                 ;
                 and
                 ever
                 after
                 she
                 bore
                 towards
                 him
                 a
                 Motherly
                 Affection
                 .
                 And
                 they
                 report
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Adoption
                 was
                 brought
                 about
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 ;
                 Juno
                 being
                 gone
                 to
                 Bed
                 ,
                 and
                 Hercules
                 layd
                 close
                 to
                 her
                 Body
                 ,
                 she
                 dropt
                 down
                 from
                 under
                 her
                 Cloaths
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ;
                 which
                 Rite
                 and
                 Ceremony
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 use
                 in
                 adopting
                 of
                 a
                 Son
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 .
                 They
                 feign
                 that
                 afterwards
                 Juno
                 marry'd
                 him
                 to
                 *
                 Hebe
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Story
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 the
                 Poet
                 introduces
                 his
                 Ghost
                 in
                 these
                 Words
                 ,
                 —
              
               
                 
                   —
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   Among
                   the
                   Gods
                   he
                   feasts
                   with
                   Hymns
                
                 
                   And
                   in
                   fair
                   Hebe
                   joys
                   and
                   sings
                   .
                
              
               
                 But
                 they
                 report
                 that
                 when
                 Jupiter
                 would
                 have
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Twelve
                 Gods
                 ;
                 Hercules
                 refus'd
                 that
                 Honour
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 impossible
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 into
                 the
                 Number
                 ,
                 unless
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Twelve
                 were
                 rejected
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 was
                 an
                 unseemly
                 thing
                 to
                 accept
                 such
                 an
                 Honour
                 with
                 the
                 Disgrace
                 of
                 another
                 God.
                 
              
               
               
                 Altho'
                 we
                 have
                 been
                 long
                 in
                 our
                 Relation
                 concerning
                 HERCVLES
                 ,
                 yet
                 to
                 make
                 amends
                 we
                 have
                 not
                 omitted
                 any
                 thing
                 material
                 that
                 is
                 reported
                 of
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 it
                 's
                 time
                 that
                 we
                 treat
                 of
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 ,
                 for
                 Hercules
                 went
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 that
                 Expedition
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 III.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   
                     Argonauts
                     ,
                     Medea
                  
                   and
                   the
                   Daughter
                   of
                   Pileus
                   .
                   How
                   the
                   Argonauts
                   gain'd
                   the
                   Golden
                   Fleece
                   .
                   The
                   Pranks
                   of
                   Medea
                   ,
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Jason
                   .
                   The
                   Cruelty
                   of
                   Pelias
                   towards
                   
                   Jason's
                   Kindred
                   ;
                   how
                   he
                   was
                   kill'd
                   by
                   his
                   own
                   Daughters
                   through
                   
                   Medea's
                   Charms
                   .
                   Medea
                   burns
                   the
                   King
                   of
                   
                   Corinth's
                   Palace
                   ,
                   and
                   him
                   in
                   it
                   .
                   The
                   miserable
                   End
                   of
                   Jason
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   Heraclidae
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   Return
                   to
                   Peloponesus
                   .
                
              
               
                 JASON
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 was
                 Son
                 of
                 Aeson
                 ,
                 and
                 Nephew
                 to
                 Pelius
                 King
                 of
                 Thessaly
                 .
                 And
                 being
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 strong
                 Body
                 and
                 of
                 an
                 high
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 far
                 above
                 any
                 of
                 his
                 Age
                 ,
                 was
                 ambitious
                 to
                 perform
                 some
                 memorable
                 and
                 remarkable
                 Action
                 ;
                 for
                 knowing
                 that
                 Perseus
                 his
                 Ancestor
                 and
                 some
                 
                 others
                 (
                 by
                 their
                 expeditious
                 and
                 admirable
                 Atchievments
                 in
                 foreign
                 Countries
                 )
                 had
                 purchased
                 eternal
                 Honour
                 and
                 Renown
                 ,
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 imitate
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 like
                 heroick
                 Undertakings
                 :
                 Acquainting
                 therefore
                 the
                 King
                 his
                 Uncle
                 with
                 his
                 Purpose
                 ,
                 he
                 easily
                 obtain'd
                 his
                 Consent
                 ,
                 not
                 that
                 Pelius
                 thereby
                 aim'd
                 at
                 the
                 Honour
                 and
                 Glory
                 of
                 the
                 young
                 Man
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 hop'd
                 (
                 among
                 so
                 many
                 Hazards
                 and
                 Difficulties
                 )
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 ;
                 for
                 having
                 no
                 Issue
                 Male
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 afraid
                 lest
                 his
                 Brother
                 with
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 his
                 Son
                 would
                 some
                 time
                 or
                 other
                 invade
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 conceal'd
                 his
                 Suspicion
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 to
                 furnish
                 him
                 with
                 Provisions
                 for
                 his
                 Voyage
                 ,
                 encouraging
                 him
                 to
                 undertake
                 the
                 Adventure
                 in
                 Sayling
                 to
                 Colchis
                 to
                 bring
                 away
                 the
                 Ram's
                 Golden
                 Fleece
                 ,
                 so
                 much
                 fam'd
                 and
                 spoken
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 over
                 .
              
               
                 Pontus
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 was
                 inhabited
                 by
                 fierce
                 and
                 barbarous
                 People
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 infamous
                 for
                 murdering
                 of
                 all
                 Strangers
                 that
                 came
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 it
                 was
                 call'd
                 *
                 Axenos
                 :
                 However
                 Jason
                 (
                 being
                 ambitious
                 of
                 Glory
                 )
                 tho'
                 he
                 was
                 something
                 concern'd
                 at
                 the
                 Difficulty
                 of
                 the
                 Undertaking
                 ,
                 yet
                 when
                 he
                 consider'd
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 altogether
                 impossible
                 to
                 be
                 accomplish'd
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 more
                 hazardous
                 it
                 was
                 ,
                 the
                 greater
                 his
                 Honour
                 and
                 Glory
                 would
                 be
                 ,
                 he
                 furnish'd
                 himself
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 his
                 Expedition
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 Place
                 built
                 a
                 Ship
                 at
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Pelius
                 ,
                 much
                 larger
                 in
                 
                 every
                 respect
                 than
                 was
                 usual
                 in
                 those
                 Times
                 ;
                 for
                 then
                 they
                 us'd
                 to
                 sayl
                 only
                 in
                 Boats
                 and
                 little
                 Skiffs
                 .
                 Every
                 one
                 therefore
                 at
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 the
                 Vessel
                 was
                 amaz'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 intended
                 Design
                 and
                 the
                 Building
                 of
                 this
                 Ship
                 was
                 nois'd
                 over
                 all
                 Greece
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 noble
                 and
                 brisk
                 Youths
                 were
                 eager
                 to
                 joyn
                 and
                 go
                 away
                 with
                 Jason
                 in
                 Order
                 to
                 partake
                 of
                 the
                 Honour
                 in
                 this
                 Expedition
                 .
              
               
                 Jason
                 now
                 lanching
                 forth
                 his
                 Ship
                 ,
                 compleatly
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 ,
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 four
                 and
                 fifty
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 desirous
                 to
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 .
                 Amongst
                 whom
                 the
                 most
                 remarkable
                 were
                 Castor
                 and
                 
                   Pollux
                   ,
                   Hercules
                
                 and
                 
                   Telamon
                   ,
                   Orpheus
                
                 and
                 Atalanta
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Schaeneus
                 ,
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Thespius
                 ,
                 and
                 JASON
                 himself
                 the
                 Head
                 and
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 Expedition
                 to
                 Colchos
                 ;
                 he
                 call'd
                 the
                 Ship
                 Argo
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Builder
                 ,
                 whose
                 Name
                 was
                 Argus
                 (
                 as
                 some
                 fabulous
                 Writers
                 report
                 )
                 who
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 imbark'd
                 with
                 them
                 to
                 repair
                 the
                 Ship
                 ,
                 as
                 Occasion
                 might
                 serve
                 :
                 But
                 others
                 say
                 it
                 was
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 its
                 swift
                 Sayling
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 Argon
                 among
                 the
                 ancient
                 Greeks
                 signify'd
                 swift
                 .
                 Being
                 all
                 on
                 Board
                 ,
                 they
                 unanimously
                 chose
                 Hercules
                 for
                 his
                 extraordinary
                 Valour
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 General
                 .
                 After
                 they
                 had
                 set
                 Sayl
                 from
                 Iolcus
                 ,
                 and
                 passed
                 by
                 Athos
                 and
                 Samothrace
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 by
                 a
                 Tempest
                 cast
                 upon
                 Sigeum
                 ,
                 a
                 Promontory
                 
                 of
                 Troas
                 :
                 Where
                 landing
                 ,
                 they
                 found
                 a
                 Young
                 Virgin
                 tied
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Sea-shoar
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 Reason
                 as
                 is
                 said
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Report
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 Neptune
                 being
                 displeas'd
                 with
                 Laomedon
                 the
                 King
                 concerning
                 the
                 fabulously
                 fam'd
                 building
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 Troy
                 ,
                 sent
                 a
                 vast
                 Monster
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 upon
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 which
                 devour'd
                 all
                 that
                 came
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Husbandmen
                 that
                 till'd
                 the
                 Ground
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea-Coast
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 this
                 Sea-God
                 destroy'd
                 the
                 People
                 by
                 a
                 Plague
                 ,
                 and
                 blasted
                 all
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Field
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 Country
                 being
                 in
                 this
                 miserable
                 Condition
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 met
                 in
                 a
                 general
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 and
                 consulted
                 together
                 what
                 Course
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 for
                 the
                 redress
                 of
                 their
                 deplorable
                 Condition
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 sent
                 to
                 inquire
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 of
                 Apollo
                 what
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 in
                 this
                 matter
                 :
                 Who
                 receiv'd
                 this
                 Answer
                 ,
                 That
                 Neptune
                 was
                 angry
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 be
                 then
                 appeas'd
                 ,
                 when
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Trojan's
                 Children
                 upon
                 whom
                 the
                 Lot
                 should
                 fall
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 offer'd
                 up
                 to
                 be
                 devour'd
                 by
                 the
                 Sea-Monster
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 General
                 Lot
                 was
                 cast
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 King's
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Hesione
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 Laomedon
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 his
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 her
                 bound
                 in
                 Chains
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 :
                 And
                 it
                 fortunately
                 happened
                 at
                 that
                 very
                 time
                 ,
                 that
                 Hercules
                 landed
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 inform'd
                 by
                 the
                 Lady
                 of
                 her
                 Misfortune
                 ,
                 he
                 broke
                 off
                 her
                 Fetters
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 her
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 promising
                 he
                 would
                 kill
                 the
                 Monster
                 .
                 Laomedon
                 hereupon
                 rejoyced
                 exceedingly
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 to
                 bestow
                 upon
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 Reward
                 ,
                 some
                 Horses
                 he
                 had
                 that
                 were
                 unconquerable
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 this
                 Monster
                 was
                 kill'd
                 accordingly
                 by
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 free
                 Liberty
                 was
                 given
                 the
                 Lady
                 either
                 to
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 her
                 Deliverer
                 ,
                 or
                 stay
                 at
                 Home
                 with
                 her
                 Parents
                 ;
                 the
                 Lady
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 chose
                 to
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 the
                 Stranger
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 as
                 being
                 more
                 affected
                 with
                 the
                 deliverance
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Society
                 of
                 her
                 Parents
                 and
                 Kindred
                 ,
                 but
                 fearing
                 lest
                 (
                 if
                 another
                 Monster
                 should
                 appear
                 )
                 she
                 should
                 be
                 again
                 expos'd
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 Calamity
                 .
              
               
                 Hercules
                 therefore
                 receiving
                 honourable
                 Rewards
                 suitable
                 to
                 so
                 welcom
                 a
                 Guest
                 ,
                 left
                 Hesione
                 and
                 the
                 Horses
                 in
                 trust
                 with
                 Laomedon
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 restor'd
                 to
                 him
                 after
                 
                 his
                 return
                 from
                 Colchis
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 proceeded
                 on
                 his
                 Voyage
                 with
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 ;
                 and
                 presently
                 after
                 they
                 were
                 overtaken
                 with
                 another
                 violent
                 Storm
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 they
                 despair'd
                 of
                 their
                 Lives
                 ;
                 Orpheus
                 only
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Companions
                 in
                 the
                 Expedition
                 (
                 being
                 a
                 Religious
                 Man
                 )
                 sacrific'd
                 and
                 pray'd
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 of
                 Samothracia
                 for
                 their
                 Preservation
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 on
                 a
                 suddain
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Calm
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 Stars
                 fell
                 down
                 upon
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 Castor
                 and
                 Pollux
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 amazement
                 of
                 the
                 Beholders
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 all
                 concluded
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 Providence
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 now
                 out
                 of
                 danger
                 .
                 Hence
                 it
                 has
                 been
                 a
                 Custom
                 ever
                 since
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 any
                 are
                 in
                 a
                 Storm
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 they
                 call
                 upon
                 the
                 Gods
                 of
                 Samothracia
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 any
                 Stars
                 appear
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 lookt
                 upon
                 then
                 to
                 be
                 Castor
                 and
                 Pollux
                 ,
                 that
                 appear
                 for
                 their
                 Deliverance
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Storm
                 was
                 over
                 ,
                 the
                 noble
                 Adventurers
                 landed
                 in
                 a
                 Province
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 Phineus
                 was
                 King
                 ;
                 where
                 met
                 them
                 Two
                 Young
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 for
                 the
                 Punishment
                 of
                 their
                 Offences
                 ,
                 were
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Territories
                 ,
                 and
                 grievously
                 whipt
                 all
                 along
                 as
                 they
                 came
                 .
                 They
                 prov'd
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Phineus
                 ,
                 by
                 Cleopatra
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Boreas
                 ,
                 and
                 Orithya
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Erechtheus
                 .
                 But
                 through
                 the
                 malice
                 of
                 their
                 Stepmother
                 (
                 by
                 false
                 Accusations
                 )
                 their
                 Father
                 was
                 wrought
                 upon
                 to
                 deal
                 thus
                 severely
                 and
                 unjustly
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 Phineus
                 having
                 Marry'd
                 (
                 besides
                 his
                 former
                 Wife
                 )
                 Idaea
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Dardanus
                 King
                 of
                 Seythia
                 ,
                 was
                 so
                 inslav'd
                 by
                 an
                 inordinate
                 Affection
                 to
                 her
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 humour'd
                 her
                 in
                 every
                 thing
                 she
                 requir'd
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 he
                 gave
                 credit
                 to
                 her
                 Accusation
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 Two
                 Young
                 Men
                 (
                 to
                 please
                 their
                 own
                 Mother
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 contempt
                 of
                 her
                 )
                 attempted
                 to
                 lay
                 violent
                 Hands
                 on
                 her
                 .
              
               
                 Hercules
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 fortunately
                 landing
                 at
                 that
                 very
                 time
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 the
                 Young
                 Men
                 call'd
                 out
                 to
                 those
                 noble
                 Hero's
                 ,
                 and
                 implor'd
                 them
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 so
                 many
                 Gods
                 ,
                 to
                 rescue
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 those
                 miserable
                 Circumstances
                 ,
                 declaring
                 the
                 cause
                 why
                 their
                 Father
                 was
                 so
                 inrag'd
                 against
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 Phineus
                 meeting
                 the
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 rage
                 charg'd
                 them
                 not
                 to
                 meddle
                 in
                 other
                 Peoples
                 Concerns
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 assur'd
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 Father
                 would
                 willingly
                 so
                 punish
                 his
                 own
                 Sons
                 ,
                 unless
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 their
                 Faults
                 had
                 overcome
                 all
                 Natural
                 Affection
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 it
                 happened
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Boreadae
                 ,
                 the
                 Brothers
                 of
                 Cleopatra
                 ,
                 were
                 Companions
                 with
                 Hercules
                 in
                 this
                 Expedition
                 .
                 These
                 therefore
                 were
                 the
                 First
                 that
                 (
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 near
                 Relation
                 )
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 reliev'd
                 the
                 Young
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 breaking
                 in
                 Pieces
                 their
                 Chains
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 as
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 as
                 oppos'd
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 Phineus
                 himself
                 with
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 Thracians
                 that
                 came
                 flocking
                 in
                 ,
                 marcht
                 up
                 to
                 decide
                 the
                 matter
                 by
                 a
                 Battel
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 then
                 Hercules
                 stoutly
                 laid
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 slew
                 both
                 Phineus
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 Thraclans
                 .
                 Then
                 seizing
                 upon
                 the
                 King's
                 City
                 and
                 Palace
                 ,
                 he
                 set
                 Cleopatra
                 at
                 liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 to
                 her
                 Sons
                 their
                 Father's
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 who
                 resolving
                 to
                 be
                 reveng'd
                 upon
                 their
                 Step-mother
                 ,
                 he
                 persuaded
                 them
                 to
                 forbear
                 doing
                 any
                 such
                 thing
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 to
                 send
                 Messengers
                 into
                 Scythia
                 to
                 her
                 Father
                 ,
                 to
                 let
                 him
                 know
                 that
                 they
                 left
                 her
                 wholly
                 to
                 his
                 Discretion
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 punish'd
                 for
                 her
                 Offences
                 .
                 Which
                 being
                 done
                 accordingly
                 ,
                 the
                 Scythian
                 put
                 his
                 Daughter
                 to
                 Death
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Cleopatra
                 were
                 highly
                 commended
                 by
                 the
                 Thracians
                 for
                 their
                 Mildness
                 and
                 Equity
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 am
                 not
                 ignorant
                 how
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Fabulous
                 Authors
                 relate
                 ,
                 that
                 Phineus
                 put
                 out
                 his
                 Two
                 Sons
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 retaliation
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 old
                 ,
                 Boreas
                 serv'd
                 him
                 the
                 same
                 Sauce
                 :
                 And
                 they
                 report
                 likewise
                 ,
                 that
                 Hercules
                 going
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ship
                 to
                 get
                 a
                 little
                 fresh
                 Water
                 ,
                 was
                 left
                 behind
                 by
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 in
                 Asia
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 ancient
                 Stories
                 no
                 Historians
                 unanimously
                 agree
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 it
                 's
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 admir'd
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 giving
                 account
                 of
                 things
                 in
                 ancient
                 Times
                 ,
                 we
                 do
                 not
                 in
                 every
                 thing
                 agree
                 with
                 the
                 Poets
                 and
                 other
                 Writers
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Two
                 Sons
                 gave
                 up
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 to
                 their
                 Mother
                 Cleopatra
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 along
                 with
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 in
                 their
                 Expedition
                 ;
                 who
                 sailing
                 away
                 from
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 and
                 arriving
                 at
                 Pontus
                 ,
                 landed
                 in
                 
                   Taurica
                   Chersonesus
                
                 ,
                 being
                 altogether
                 ignorant
                 of
                 the
                 cruelty
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 Custom
                 amongst
                 those
                 
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 to
                 sacrifice
                 all
                 Strangers
                 that
                 arriv'd
                 there
                 ,
                 to
                 
                   Diana
                   Taurica
                
                 .
                 Amongst
                 whom
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 after-times
                 ,
                 Ephigenia
                 ,
                 the
                 Priests
                 of
                 the
                 Goddess
                 ,
                 practis'd
                 the
                 same
                 Cruelty
                 upon
                 all
                 she
                 could
                 lay
                 hold
                 on
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 here
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 History
                 requires
                 it
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 requisite
                 we
                 should
                 give
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 Causes
                 of
                 this
                 horrid
                 Cruelty
                 executed
                 upon
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 especially
                 this
                 Digression
                 seeming
                 pertinent
                 to
                 the
                 Acts
                 of
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 Sol
                 begat
                 Two
                 Sons
                 ,
                 Aeetes
                 and
                 Perses
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Aeetes
                 was
                 King
                 of
                 Colchis
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 of
                 Taurica
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 both
                 were
                 exceeding
                 cruel
                 .
                 That
                 Hecate
                 was
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Perses
                 ,
                 far
                 more
                 fierce
                 and
                 cruel
                 than
                 her
                 Father
                 ;
                 for
                 being
                 given
                 to
                 Hunting
                 (
                 if
                 she
                 could
                 find
                 no
                 Game
                 )
                 she
                 would
                 sport
                 her self
                 with
                 casting
                 her
                 Darts
                 at
                 Men
                 instead
                 of
                 Beasts
                 :
                 She
                 made
                 it
                 her
                 business
                 likewise
                 to
                 compound
                 Deadly
                 Poysons
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 found
                 out
                 *
                 Aconitum
                 ;
                 and
                 made
                 trial
                 of
                 the
                 nature
                 and
                 efficacy
                 of
                 every
                 Composition
                 ,
                 by
                 mixing
                 them
                 with
                 the
                 Food
                 given
                 to
                 Strangers
                 .
                 Being
                 thus
                 grown
                 extraordinary
                 skilful
                 in
                 this
                 devilish
                 Art
                 ,
                 she
                 first
                 poyson'd
                 her
                 own
                 Father
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 usurpt
                 the
                 Crown
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 she
                 built
                 
                 Diana's
                 Temple
                 ,
                 and
                 ordered
                 all
                 Strangers
                 that
                 arriv'd
                 there
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 sacrific'd
                 to
                 that
                 Goddess
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 her
                 Cruelty
                 was
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 in
                 every
                 Place
                 .
                 She
                 afterwards
                 Marry'd
                 Aeetes
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 him
                 had
                 Two
                 Daughters
                 ,
                 Cerces
                 and
                 Medea
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 Son
                 call'd
                 
                   Aegialeus
                   .
                   Cerces
                
                 likewise
                 being
                 much
                 addicted
                 to
                 the
                 Compounding
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Medicines
                 ,
                 found
                 out
                 the
                 wonderful
                 Natures
                 and
                 efficacy
                 of
                 divers
                 sorts
                 of
                 Roots
                 and
                 Herbs
                 ,
                 many
                 she
                 learnt
                 of
                 her
                 Mother
                 Hecate
                 ,
                 but
                 many
                 more
                 she
                 discover'd
                 by
                 her
                 own
                 industry
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 she
                 left
                 nothing
                 new
                 (
                 for
                 any
                 that
                 came
                 after
                 her
                 )
                 which
                 might
                 any
                 ways
                 advance
                 that
                 Art.
                 This
                 Cerces
                 was
                 Marry'd
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Sarmathians
                 ,
                 whom
                 some
                 call
                 Scythians
                 ;
                 but
                 she
                 likewise
                 poyson'd
                 her
                 Husband
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 usurping
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 executed
                 many
                 Butcheries
                 and
                 Cruelties
                 upon
                 the
                 Subjects
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 (
                 as
                 some
                 Writers
                 relate
                 )
                 she
                 was
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 and
                 possessing
                 herself
                 of
                 a
                 certain
                 Desert
                 Island
                 ,
                 settl'd
                 there
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Women
                 her
                 Companions
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 other
                 Historians
                 say
                 ,
                 leaving
                 Pontus
                 ,
                 she
                 settl'd
                 in
                 the
                 Promontory
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 now
                 call'd
                 from
                 her
                 Cerceum
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 report
                 likewise
                 ,
                 that
                 Medea
                 learnt
                 the
                 same
                 Art
                 from
                 her
                 Mother
                 and
                 Sister
                 ;
                 but
                 she
                 plainly
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 it
                 for
                 contrary
                 ends
                 and
                 purposes
                 ;
                 for
                 she
                 constantly
                 laid
                 out
                 her self
                 to
                 save
                 the
                 Lives
                 of
                 Strangers
                 that
                 were
                 driven
                 thither
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 begging
                 the
                 Lives
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 condemn'd
                 of
                 her
                 Father
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 at
                 other
                 times
                 by
                 her
                 subtil
                 Contrivance
                 procuring
                 their
                 Escapes
                 out
                 of
                 Prison
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 Aectes
                 prompted
                 thereunto
                 both
                 by
                 the
                 cruelty
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 incited
                 by
                 the
                 Counsels
                 and
                 Persuasions
                 of
                 Hecate
                 his
                 Wife
                 ,
                 observ'd
                 the
                 Custom
                 of
                 Murdering
                 of
                 Strangers
                 .
                 But
                 Medea
                 every
                 day
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 opposed
                 her
                 Parents
                 in
                 this
                 thing
                 ;
                 Aectes
                 (
                 upon
                 suspicion
                 of
                 Treason
                 )
                 committed
                 his
                 Daughter
                 Medea
                 to
                 Prison
                 ,
                 whence
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 escap'd
                 ,
                 and
                 fled
                 to
                 a
                 Temple
                 of
                 Apollo
                 ,
                 seated
                 on
                 the
                 Sea-Shoar
                 ;
                 about
                 which
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 sail'd
                 by
                 Taurica
                 ,
                 and
                 arriv'd
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 at
                 Colchis
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 Place
                 where
                 the
                 Temple
                 stood
                 ;
                 where
                 meeting
                 with
                 Medea
                 ,
                 wandring
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 were
                 inform'd
                 by
                 her
                 of
                 the
                 cruel
                 Custom
                 of
                 Murdering
                 of
                 Strangers
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 giving
                 the
                 Virgin
                 thanks
                 for
                 her
                 Humanity
                 and
                 Kindness
                 ,
                 they
                 told
                 her
                 of
                 their
                 Designs
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 their
                 adventure
                 ;
                 and
                 she
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 Hand
                 inform'd
                 them
                 what
                 Dangers
                 she
                 was
                 surrounded
                 with
                 from
                 her
                 Father
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 her
                 Kindness
                 and
                 Compassion
                 to
                 Strangers
                 :
                 It
                 being
                 therefore
                 evident
                 to
                 both
                 Parties
                 what
                 was
                 then
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 Medea
                 on
                 her
                 part
                 promis'd
                 she
                 would
                 assist
                 'em
                 to
                 the
                 uttermost
                 of
                 her
                 power
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 had
                 accomplish'd
                 
                 their
                 Design
                 ;
                 and
                 Jason
                 promis'd
                 and
                 confirm'd
                 by
                 a
                 Solemn
                 Oath
                 ,
                 that
                 Medea
                 should
                 from
                 that
                 time
                 forward
                 be
                 his
                 Wife
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 leaving
                 a
                 Party
                 to
                 guard
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 went
                 with
                 Medea
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 to
                 the
                 Golden
                 Fleece
                 :
                 Of
                 which
                 we
                 must
                 here
                 write
                 more
                 largely
                 ,
                 that
                 nothing
                 may
                 be
                 omitted
                 which
                 is
                 pertinent
                 to
                 the
                 History
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 say
                 that
                 Phryxus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Athamantes
                 ,
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 malice
                 of
                 his
                 Step-mother
                 ,
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 Helles
                 his
                 Sister
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 by
                 the
                 advice
                 and
                 direction
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 transported
                 out
                 of
                 Europe
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Back
                 of
                 a
                 Golden-fleec'd
                 Ram
                 ,
                 it
                 happened
                 that
                 the
                 Young
                 Maid
                 fell
                 off
                 into
                 Pontus
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 therefore
                 from
                 thence
                 call'd
                 Hellespont
                 :
                 But
                 Phryxus
                 landing
                 safe
                 in
                 Colchis
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 sacrific'd
                 the
                 Ram
                 ,
                 and
                 hung
                 up
                 its
                 Skin
                 in
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Mars
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 told
                 by
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 dye
                 when
                 some
                 Sea-faring
                 Men
                 came
                 thither
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 the
                 Golden-Fleece
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 Cause
                 (
                 besides
                 the
                 cruelty
                 of
                 his
                 Nature
                 )
                 that
                 mov'd
                 this
                 Vile
                 Man
                 to
                 sacrifice
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 that
                 (
                 this
                 horrid
                 Cruelty
                 being
                 nois'd
                 Abroad
                 in
                 all
                 Parts
                 )
                 no
                 Stranger
                 might
                 dare
                 to
                 set
                 footing
                 in
                 his
                 Country
                 .
                 He
                 built
                 a
                 Wall
                 likewise
                 round
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 a
                 strong
                 Guard
                 of
                 Taurican
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 keep
                 it
                 ,
                 which
                 has
                 afforded
                 matter
                 for
                 prodigious
                 Stories
                 among
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ;
                 as
                 how
                 that
                 Bulls
                 that
                 breath'd
                 out
                 Fire
                 at
                 their
                 Nostrils
                 guarded
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 a
                 Dragon
                 kept
                 the
                 Fleece
                 .
                 For
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 ambiguity
                 of
                 the
                 Word
                 †
                 Taurus
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 strain'd
                 to
                 signify
                 the
                 fierceness
                 and
                 violence
                 of
                 Bulls
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 cruel
                 Murdering
                 of
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 gave
                 rise
                 to
                 the
                 fiction
                 of
                 the
                 Bulls
                 breathing
                 out
                 Fire
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 same
                 Account
                 the
                 Poets
                 have
                 given
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 a
                 most
                 terrible
                 and
                 monstrous
                 Beast
                 ,
                 plac'd
                 as
                 a
                 Guard
                 for
                 Security
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 much
                 like
                 to
                 this
                 Story
                 ,
                 is
                 what
                 they
                 say
                 concerning
                 Phryxus
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 say
                 that
                 he
                 sail'd
                 in
                 a
                 Ship
                 ,
                 upon
                 whose
                 Foredeck
                 was
                 carv'd
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 a
                 Ram
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Helles
                 by
                 leaning
                 too
                 much
                 forward
                 over
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 Ship
                 to
                 vomit
                 ,
                 fell
                 over-board
                 into
                 the
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 Others
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 about
                 the
                 time
                 that
                 Phryxus
                 with
                 his
                 School-master
                 was
                 taken
                 by
                 Aeetes
                 ;
                 the
                 Scythian
                 King
                 ,
                 the
                 Father
                 in
                 Law
                 of
                 Aeetes
                 ,
                 came
                 to
                 Colchis
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 the
                 Boy
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 he
                 was
                 bestow'd
                 by
                 Aeetes
                 upon
                 the
                 Scythian
                 ,
                 who
                 lov'd
                 him
                 as
                 his
                 own
                 Child
                 ,
                 and
                 adopted
                 him
                 his
                 Heir
                 and
                 Successor
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 the
                 School-master
                 whose
                 Name
                 was
                 *
                 Crius
                 ,
                 was
                 sacrific'd
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Skin
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Custom
                 ,
                 was
                 fastened
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 Aeetes
                 being
                 foretold
                 by
                 the
                 Oracle
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 dye
                 when
                 Strangers
                 carry'd
                 away
                 the
                 Ram's-Skin
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 that
                 he
                 gilt
                 it
                 with
                 Gold
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Splendour
                 thereof
                 should
                 cause
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 who
                 were
                 set
                 to
                 guard
                 it
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 careful
                 and
                 diligent
                 in
                 their
                 watch
                 .
                 But
                 we
                 leave
                 every
                 one
                 to
                 judge
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 as
                 he
                 thinks
                 fit
                 .
              
               
                 However
                 it
                 was
                 ,
                 Medea
                 conducted
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 to
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Mars
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 not
                 above
                 Seventy
                 Furlongs
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 Sybaris
                 ,
                 dignify'd
                 with
                 the
                 Palace
                 Royal
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 
                   Colehis
                   .
                   Medea
                
                 therefore
                 coming
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 to
                 
                 the
                 Temple
                 Gates
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 fast
                 shut
                 up
                 ,
                 spoke
                 to
                 the
                 Guards
                 in
                 the
                 Language
                 of
                 Taurica
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 knowing
                 her
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 King's
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 they
                 forthwith
                 open'd
                 the
                 Gates
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Argonants
                 rush'd
                 in
                 with
                 their
                 drawn
                 Swords
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 and
                 drove
                 the
                 rest
                 (
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 the
                 suddain
                 Surprize
                 )
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 plucking
                 down
                 the
                 Fleece
                 ,
                 they
                 hasted
                 back
                 to
                 their
                 Ship
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 in
                 acting
                 ,
                 Medea
                 was
                 as
                 diligent
                 on
                 her
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 poyson'd
                 the
                 ever
                 wakeful
                 Dragon
                 ,
                 which
                 wound
                 himself
                 about
                 the
                 Fleece
                 in
                 the
                 
                 Temple
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 she
                 went
                 on
                 Ship-Board
                 with
                 Jason
                 .
                 The
                 Tauricans
                 that
                 fled
                 ,
                 inform'd
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 who
                 forthwith
                 pursuing
                 the
                 Greeks
                 with
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 which
                 were
                 ready
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 overtook
                 them
                 at
                 the
                 Sea-side
                 ,
                 and
                 falling
                 upon
                 them
                 on
                 the
                 suddain
                 ,
                 slew
                 Iphitus
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 ,
                 Brother
                 of
                 Euristheus
                 ,
                 who
                 impos'd
                 upon
                 Hercules
                 so
                 many
                 Labours
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 before
                 dispers'd
                 )
                 fell
                 on
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Body
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 were
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 kill'd
                 by
                 Meleager
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 was
                 the
                 King
                 himself
                 .
                 The
                 Grecians
                 hereupon
                 being
                 fir'd
                 with
                 this
                 Success
                 ,
                 press'd
                 more
                 resolutely
                 upon
                 the
                 Colchians
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 put
                 them
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 and
                 slew
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 pursuit
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 were
                 wounded
                 in
                 this
                 Encounter
                 ,
                 
                   Jason
                   ,
                   Lacrtes
                   ,
                   Atalanta
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Thespiadae
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 were
                 cur'd
                 within
                 a
                 few
                 Days
                 ,
                 by
                 Applications
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 made
                 up
                 of
                 Herbs
                 and
                 Roots
                 by
                 Medea
                 .
                 Then
                 furnishing
                 themselves
                 with
                 Provision
                 ,
                 they
                 set
                 Sail
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 return
                 .
                 But
                 being
                 got
                 into
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Pontick
                 Sea
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 overtaken
                 with
                 a
                 suddain
                 Tempest
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 hazard
                 of
                 their
                 Lives
                 .
                 But
                 Orpheus
                 addressing
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 of
                 Samothracia
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 the
                 Winds
                 presently
                 ceas'd
                 ,
                 and
                 Glaucus
                 the
                 Sea-God
                 presently
                 appear'd
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Ship
                 ,
                 and
                 swam
                 along
                 by
                 the
                 Ship-side
                 for
                 Two
                 Days
                 and
                 Nights
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 foretold
                 to
                 Hercules
                 his
                 Labours
                 and
                 future
                 Immortality
                 .
                 He
                 told
                 likewise
                 the
                 †
                 Tyndarides
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 call'd
                 *
                 Dioscuri
                 ,
                 and
                 should
                 be
                 ador'd
                 and
                 reverenc'd
                 by
                 all
                 Men
                 as
                 Gods.
                 Then
                 he
                 call'd
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 every
                 one
                 by
                 their
                 Names
                 ,
                 and
                 told
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 
                 Orpheus's
                 Prayers
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 provident
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 he
                 now
                 appear'd
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 foretold
                 them
                 of
                 things
                 to
                 come
                 .
                 Therefore
                 he
                 advis'd
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 landed
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 pay
                 their
                 Vows
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 Thanks
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 by
                 whose
                 Kindness
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 now
                 twice
                 deliver'd
                 .
                 Having
                 said
                 this
                 ,
                 Glaucus
                 dived
                 again
                 into
                 the
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Argonauts
                 being
                 now
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 Pontus
                 ,
                 made
                 to
                 Land
                 ,
                 where
                 Byzas
                 then
                 reign'd
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 the
                 City
                 is
                 now
                 call'd
                 Byzantium
                 .
                 Here
                 they
                 erected
                 Altars
                 ,
                 and
                 offered
                 up
                 their
                 Prayers
                 and
                 Thanks
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 consecrated
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 now
                 at
                 this
                 Day
                 accounted
                 Sacred
                 ,
                 and
                 reverenc'd
                 by
                 all
                 that
                 sail
                 by
                 that
                 way
                 .
                 Loosing
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 they
                 pass'd
                 through
                 Propontis
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Troy.
                 When
                 they
                 arriv'd
                 there
                 ,
                 Hercules
                 sent
                 his
                 Brother
                 Iphiclus
                 and
                 Telemon
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 to
                 demand
                 Hesione
                 and
                 the
                 Horses
                 :
                 But
                 Laomedon
                 laid
                 the
                 Messengers
                 by
                 the
                 Heels
                 ,
                 and
                 plotted
                 the
                 Destruction
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 foul
                 Act
                 ,
                 all
                 his
                 Sons
                 (
                 except
                 Priam
                 )
                 contributed
                 their
                 helping
                 Hands
                 .
                 For
                 Priam
                 alledg'd
                 ,
                 that
                 Compacts
                 with
                 Strangers
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 kept
                 inviolable
                 ,
                 and
                 press'd
                 that
                 his
                 Sister
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Horses
                 that
                 were
                 promis'd
                 should
                 be
                 restor'd
                 ;
                 whose
                 Advice
                 being
                 disregarded
                 ,
                 he
                 privately
                 convey'd
                 Two
                 Swords
                 into
                 the
                 Goal
                 to
                 Iphiclus
                 and
                 Telamon
                 ,
                 declaring
                 to
                 them
                 his
                 Father's
                 Design
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 procur'd
                 their
                 Deliverance
                 .
                 For
                 forthwith
                 killing
                 the
                 Keepers
                 that
                 resisted
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 escap'd
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 discover'd
                 all
                 particularly
                 to
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 .
                 The
                 Heroes
                 hereupon
                 readily
                 prepar'd
                 themselves
                 for
                 Battel
                 ,
                 and
                 marcht
                 on
                 to
                 meet
                 the
                 Trojans
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 their
                 King
                 were
                 issu'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 against
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 sharp
                 Dispute
                 and
                 Conflict
                 there
                 was
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Heroes
                 
                 prevail'd
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 Hercules
                 exceeded
                 them
                 all
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 kill'd
                 Laomedon
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 by
                 a
                 sudden
                 Assault
                 ,
                 and
                 punish'd
                 them
                 who
                 were
                 Parties
                 and
                 Contrivers
                 in
                 the
                 Design
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 ;
                 but
                 gave
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 to
                 Priam
                 for
                 his
                 Justice
                 and
                 Equity
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 entring
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 of
                 Friendship
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 loos'd
                 from
                 thence
                 with
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 .
                 But
                 some
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 Poets
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 only
                 with
                 Six
                 Ships
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Account
                 of
                 being
                 deny'd
                 the
                 Horses
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 Troy
                 himself
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 confirm
                 this
                 ,
                 they
                 alledge
                 these
                 Verses
                 of
                 
                   H
                   〈…〉
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   But
                   Hercules
                   my
                   Father
                   ,
                   as
                   is
                   said
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Lions
                   strong
                   in
                   Valour
                   did
                   exceed
                   ,
                
                 
                   That
                   only
                   with
                   Six
                   Ships
                   and
                   Slender
                   Force
                   ,
                
                 
                   For
                   
                   Laomedon's
                   Horses
                   took
                   his
                   Course
                   ;
                
                 
                   And
                   then
                   Besieg'd
                   and
                   took
                   the
                   City
                   Troy
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   many
                   of
                   her
                   People
                   did
                   destroy
                   .
                
              
               
                 From
                 Troy
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Samothracia
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 again
                 gave
                 Thanks
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 dedicated
                 their
                 Drink-Offering
                 Bowls
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 which
                 remain
                 there
                 at
                 this
                 Day
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 return
                 of
                 the
                 Heroes
                 was
                 not
                 yet
                 known
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 common
                 Report
                 was
                 throughout
                 all
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 that
                 Jason
                 and
                 all
                 his
                 Companions
                 were
                 destroy'd
                 some
                 where
                 or
                 other
                 about
                 Pontus
                 .
              
               
                 Pelias
                 therefore
                 now
                 thinking
                 it
                 a
                 fit
                 opportunity
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 all
                 that
                 might
                 in
                 any
                 probability
                 seem
                 to
                 affect
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 compell'd
                 
                 Jason's
                 Father
                 to
                 drink
                 〈…〉
                 ls
                 Blood
                 ,
                 and
                 Murdered
                 his
                 Brother
                 Promachus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 but
                 a
                 meer
                 Child
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 when
                 Amphinome
                 his
                 Mother
                 was
                 sought
                 for
                 to
                 be
                 butchered
                 ,
                 she
                 acted
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 a
                 manlike
                 and
                 noble
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 worthy
                 of
                 remark
                 ;
                 for
                 running
                 to
                 the
                 King's
                 Palace
                 ,
                 she
                 pour'd
                 out
                 most
                 heavy
                 Curses
                 upon
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 wishing
                 that
                 due
                 Vengeance
                 might
                 overtake
                 him
                 for
                 his
                 Impiety
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 immediately
                 stab'd
                 her self
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 like
                 an
                 Hero
                 ended
                 her
                 Days
                 .
              
               
                 Pelias
                 having
                 thus
                 extinguish'd
                 
                 Jason's
                 whole
                 Family
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 paid
                 for
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 due
                 Reward
                 of
                 his
                 Wickedness
                 :
                 For
                 Jason
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 entring
                 a
                 Port
                 of
                 Thessaly
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 Iolcos
                 (
                 yet
                 out
                 of
                 view
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 )
                 was
                 by
                 one
                 inform'd
                 of
                 the
                 sad
                 state
                 and
                 condition
                 of
                 his
                 Family
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 all
                 the
                 Heroes
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 readiness
                 to
                 assist
                 Jason
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 undergo
                 all
                 hazards
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ;
                 but
                 there
                 arose
                 some
                 difference
                 of
                 Opinions
                 amongst
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 some
                 were
                 for
                 surprizing
                 the
                 King
                 with
                 a
                 suddain
                 Assault
                 ,
                 others
                 were
                 for
                 the
                 Raising
                 of
                 Forces
                 out
                 of
                 every
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 to
                 join
                 against
                 him
                 in
                 a
                 common
                 War
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 was
                 impossible
                 for
                 Three
                 and
                 Forty
                 Men
                 ,
                 to
                 think
                 to
                 overcome
                 so
                 Potent
                 a
                 Prince
                 ,
                 both
                 as
                 to
                 his
                 Riches
                 and
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 his
                 Cities
                 .
                 In
                 these
                 different
                 Councils
                 it
                 s
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 Medea
                 promis'd
                 to
                 kill
                 the
                 King
                 by
                 a
                 Stratagem
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver
                 up
                 the
                 Palace
                 into
                 their
                 Hands
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 hazard
                 to
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Heroes
                 wondring
                 at
                 what
                 she
                 said
                 ,
                 askt
                 how
                 she
                 would
                 accomplish
                 it
                 ?
                 Who
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 had
                 great
                 variety
                 of
                 Poysons
                 of
                 admirable
                 strength
                 and
                 efficacy
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 found
                 out
                 by
                 her
                 Mother
                 Hecate
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 by
                 her
                 Sister
                 Cerces
                 ;
                 that
                 she
                 had
                 not
                 as
                 yet
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 for
                 the
                 killing
                 of
                 any
                 Man
                 ;
                 but
                 now
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 she
                 would
                 execute
                 due
                 and
                 deserved
                 Punishment
                 upon
                 the
                 wicked
                 Wretches
                 ;
                 and
                 told
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 her
                 whole
                 Design
                 ,
                 after
                 what
                 manner
                 she
                 would
                 get
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ;
                 and
                 promis'd
                 that
                 from
                 some
                 Turret
                 in
                 the
                 Palace
                 that
                 look'd
                 towards
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 she
                 would
                 give
                 a
                 Sign
                 to
                 their
                 Watch
                 by
                 Fire
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Smoke
                 in
                 the
                 Day
                 .
              
               
                 Hereupon
                 she
                 provided
                 a
                 Hollow
                 Image
                 of
                 the
                 Goddess
                 Diana
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 she
                 hid
                 several
                 sorts
                 of
                 Poysons
                 ,
                 and
                 anointed
                 her
                 Hair
                 with
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Oyntment
                 ,
                 which
                 turn'd
                 it
                 all
                 gray
                 and
                 hoary
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Ointment
                 wrinkl'd
                 up
                 her
                 Face
                 and
                 her
                 whole
                 Body
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 she
                 look'd
                 like
                 an
                 old
                 wither'd
                 Hagg.
                 Then
                 taking
                 the
                 Goddess
                 with
                 her
                 ,
                 order'd
                 in
                 all
                 respects
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 excite
                 the
                 common
                 People
                 to
                 a
                 superstitious
                 Adoration
                 ,
                 she
                 enter'd
                 the
                 City
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 light
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 the
                 People
                 came
                 running
                 in
                 to
                 her
                 from
                 all
                 Quarters
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 she
                 had
                 been
                 an
                 inspir'd
                 Priestess
                 :
                 And
                 she
                 her self
                 commanded
                 every
                 Body
                 to
                 bear
                 a
                 reverend
                 regard
                 to
                 the
                 Goddess
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 now
                 by
                 the
                 special
                 Providence
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Gods
                 ,
                 come
                 to
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 Hyperboreans
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 and
                 
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 .
                 All
                 being
                 now
                 imploy'd
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 in
                 adoring
                 the
                 Goddess
                 ,
                 and
                 preparing
                 of
                 Sacrifices
                 in
                 honour
                 of
                 her
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 was
                 possess'd
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 Fanatical
                 Fury
                 of
                 Superstition
                 ,
                 that
                 
                 Medea
                 ●●ily
                 procur'd
                 her self
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 Palace
                 ;
                 where
                 with
                 her
                 Delusions
                 she
                 infatuated
                 both
                 〈◊〉
                 his
                 Daughters
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 Pang
                 of
                 Superstition
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 all
                 believ'd
                 the
                 Goddess
                 was
                 come
                 to
                 load
                 the
                 King's
                 House
                 with
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Blessings
                 ,
                 for
                 〈…〉
                 declar'd
                 that
                 Diana
                 in
                 a
                 Chariot
                 ,
                 drawn
                 through
                 the
                 Air
                 by
                 Dragons
                 ,
                 had
                 〈…〉
                 over
                 many
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 now
                 at
                 length
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 the
                 K
                 〈…〉
                 as
                 the
                 most
                 Pious
                 Prince
                 to
                 settle
                 her
                 Image
                 ,
                 and
                 establish
                 her
                 worship
                 〈…〉
                 ever
                 ;
                 adding
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 was
                 commanded
                 by
                 the
                 application
                 of
                 〈…〉
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 Check
                 to
                 his
                 Old
                 Age
                 ,
                 and
                 restore
                 him
                 to
                 his
                 former
                 Youth
                 and
                 〈…〉
                 and
                 bestow
                 many
                 other
                 Blessings
                 upon
                 him
                 that
                 might
                 make
                 hi●
                 Life
                 comfort
                 〈…〉
                 to
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 pleasing
                 unto
                 the
                 Goddess
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 King
                 being
                 amaz'd
                 at
                 this
                 strange
                 and
                 unusual
                 Discourse
                 ,
                 she
                 promis'd
                 him
                 forthwith
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 assurance
                 of
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 what
                 she
                 said
                 ,
                 by
                 〈…〉
                 in
                 her
                 own
                 Body
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 therefore
                 she
                 order'd
                 one
                 of
                 〈◊〉
                 his
                 〈…〉
                 ters
                 to
                 bring
                 her
                 some
                 Spring-Water
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 done
                 ,
                 she
                 shut
                 up
                 her self
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 Room
                 ,
                 and
                 bathing
                 her
                 Body
                 all
                 over
                 in
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 she
                 cleans'd
                 her self
                 of
                 the
                 Ointment
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 being
                 restor'd
                 to
                 her
                 former
                 Vigour
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 she
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 King's
                 Presence
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Beholders
                 were
                 amaz'd
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 conceited
                 that
                 an
                 Old
                 Woman
                 was
                 transforw'd
                 into
                 a
                 Youthful
                 and
                 Beautiful
                 Virgin
                 by
                 the
                 power
                 and
                 providence
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 She
                 forthwith
                 likewise
                 by
                 her
                 Witchcraft
                 caus'd
                 the
                 appearance
                 of
                 the
                 shape
                 of
                 the
                 Dragons
                 to
                 appear
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 〈…〉
                 dess
                 was
                 drawn
                 through
                 the
                 Air
                 from
                 the
                 Hyperborcans
                 to
                 continue
                 as
                 a
                 Guest
                 with
                 Pelias
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 things
                 done
                 by
                 her
                 ,
                 being
                 lookt
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 above
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 believ'd
                 all
                 she
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 true
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 that
                 he
                 took
                 his
                 Daughter
                 's
                 aside
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 them
                 to
                 assist
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 whatever
                 she
                 commanded
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 fitter
                 his
                 own
                 Children
                 should
                 apply
                 Medicines
                 to
                 his
                 Body
                 than
                 Servants
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 reap
                 the
                 Benefits
                 design'd
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Favour
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 Pelias
                 therefore
                 having
                 expresly
                 commanded
                 that
                 his
                 Daughters
                 should
                 observe
                 whatever
                 Medea
                 order'd
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 in
                 reference
                 to
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 their
                 Father's
                 Body
                 ,
                 were
                 ready
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 to
                 obey
                 her
                 .
                 About
                 Midnight
                 therefore
                 when
                 Pelias
                 was
                 fast
                 asleep
                 ,
                 she
                 said
                 it
                 was
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 that
                 his
                 Body
                 should
                 be
                 boil'd
                 in
                 a
                 Cauldron
                 :
                 And
                 though
                 the
                 young
                 Ladies
                 easily
                 and
                 readily
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 ,
                 prepar'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 obey
                 her
                 ,
                 yet
                 she
                 apply'd
                 her self
                 to
                 another
                 Experiment
                 for
                 the
                 gaining
                 of
                 further
                 Credit
                 to
                 what
                 she
                 said
                 :
                 There
                 was
                 an
                 old
                 Ram
                 bred
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Stall
                 ,
                 which
                 she
                 told
                 the
                 young
                 Ladies
                 ,
                 she
                 would
                 first
                 Boil
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 it
                 should
                 come
                 forth
                 a
                 Lamb.
                 Whereupon
                 they
                 agreed
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 she
                 cut
                 the
                 Ram
                 into
                 small
                 Pieces
                 ,
                 and
                 boil'd
                 them
                 ,
                 till
                 to
                 their
                 seeming
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 her
                 inchanted
                 Drugs
                 ,
                 she
                 brought
                 forth
                 a
                 young
                 Lamb
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Kettle
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 admiration
                 and
                 astonishment
                 of
                 the
                 young
                 Women
                 ,
                 who
                 now
                 thinking
                 they
                 might
                 with
                 great
                 assurance
                 depend
                 upon
                 what
                 she
                 promis'd
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 observe
                 her
                 in
                 all
                 her
                 Commands
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 Alcetis
                 (
                 who
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 pious
                 and
                 natural
                 Affection
                 to
                 her
                 ,
                 Father
                 ,
                 would
                 not
                 lay
                 Hands
                 upon
                 him
                 )
                 cudgell'd
                 him
                 to
                 Death
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 Medea
                 pretended
                 that
                 Vows
                 and
                 Prayers
                 were
                 first
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 Moon
                 ,
                 before
                 his
                 Body
                 was
                 dissected
                 ,
                 and
                 cast
                 into
                 the
                 Cauldron
                 :
                 To
                 which
                 end
                 ,
                 she
                 carried
                 the
                 Young
                 Ladies
                 with
                 Torches
                 and
                 Fire-brands
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 highest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Palace
                 ;
                 where
                 Medea
                 to
                 spin
                 out
                 time
                 ,
                 mumbled
                 out
                 a
                 long
                 Prayer
                 
                 in
                 the
                 language
                 of
                 Colchis
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 might
                 make
                 the
                 Assault
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ;
                 who
                 now
                 seeing
                 the
                 Fire
                 from
                 the
                 Turret
                 ,
                 concluded
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 dispatch'd
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 they
                 made
                 hastily
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 where
                 presently
                 mounting
                 over
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 they
                 enter'd
                 the
                 Palace
                 with
                 their
                 drawn
                 Swords
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Watch
                 that
                 oppos'd
                 them
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 Pelias
                 his
                 Daughters
                 were
                 come
                 down
                 to
                 boil
                 their
                 Father
                 ,
                 unexpectedly
                 seeing
                 Jason
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Noble
                 Youths
                 his
                 Companions
                 ,
                 enter'd
                 into
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Palace
                 ,
                 they
                 grievously
                 cry'd
                 out
                 with
                 exceeding
                 sorrow
                 and
                 lamentation
                 :
                 Having
                 now
                 neither
                 power
                 to
                 revenge
                 themselves
                 upon
                 Medea
                 ,
                 nor
                 time
                 to
                 purge
                 themselves
                 from
                 the
                 horrid
                 fact
                 that
                 by
                 her
                 Delusions
                 they
                 had
                 committed
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 forthwith
                 murder'd
                 themselves
                 ,
                 if
                 Jason
                 (
                 pitying
                 their
                 miserable
                 Condition
                 )
                 had
                 not
                 prevented
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 comforted
                 them
                 with
                 this
                 Consideration
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 present
                 Misery
                 was
                 not
                 occasion'd
                 by
                 
                 their
                 own
                 malitious
                 Contrivance
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 without
                 any
                 Fault
                 of
                 theirs
                 led
                 aside
                 by
                 the
                 deceit
                 of
                 another
                 :
                 He
                 promis'd
                 them
                 likewise
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 whole
                 family
                 should
                 be
                 civilly
                 and
                 honourably
                 us'd
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 call'd
                 together
                 a
                 General
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 he
                 excus'd
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 and
                 declar'd
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 dealt
                 far
                 more
                 gently
                 with
                 the
                 Authors
                 of
                 those
                 Injuries
                 than
                 they
                 deserv'd
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 was
                 far
                 short
                 of
                 what
                 he
                 and
                 his
                 had
                 suffer'd
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 plac'd
                 Acastus
                 the
                 Eldest
                 Son
                 of
                 Pelias
                 upon
                 his
                 Father's
                 Throne
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 himself
                 with
                 all
                 due
                 respect
                 to
                 the
                 King's
                 Daughters
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 performance
                 of
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 promis'd
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 he
                 at
                 length
                 marry'd
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 greatest
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 .
              
               
                 Alcestis
                 the
                 Eldest
                 he
                 marry'd
                 to
                 Admetus
                 the
                 Thessalian
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 
                   Pheretes
                   ;
                   Amphinome
                
                 to
                 Andraemon
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Leonteus
                 ;
                 and
                 Eradne
                 to
                 Canas
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 Phocis
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Cephalus
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 things
                 afterwards
                 done
                 by
                 Jason
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 arriving
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Heroes
                 in
                 the
                 Isthmos
                 of
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 he
                 there
                 sacrific'd
                 to
                 Neptune
                 ,
                 and
                 dedicated
                 the
                 Ship
                 Argo
                 to
                 that
                 God.
                 Having
                 gain'd
                 the
                 special
                 favour
                 of
                 Creon
                 King
                 of
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 made
                 Free
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 ever
                 after
                 dwelt
                 among
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 were
                 preparing
                 every
                 one
                 to
                 return
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 Hercules
                 made
                 this
                 Proposal
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 to
                 obviate
                 the
                 unexpected
                 Blasts
                 and
                 Frowns
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 enter
                 into
                 an
                 Oath
                 mutually
                 to
                 assist
                 each
                 other
                 ,
                 whenever
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 stood
                 in
                 need
                 of
                 help
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 pick
                 out
                 the
                 most
                 remarkable
                 place
                 in
                 Greece
                 for
                 the
                 celebrating
                 of
                 Sports
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 General
                 and
                 Solemn
                 Meeting
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Games
                 should
                 be
                 celebrated
                 in
                 honour
                 of
                 
                   Jupiter
                   Olympus
                
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 
              
               
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Heroes
                 enter'd
                 into
                 the
                 Association
                 propos'd
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 it
                 to
                 Hercules
                 to
                 institute
                 the
                 Games
                 ;
                 who
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 the
                 Ground
                 in
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 Elis
                 ,
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Alpheus
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 General
                 and
                 Solemn
                 Meeting
                 ,
                 and
                 dedicated
                 the
                 Place
                 to
                 the
                 chiefest
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 it
                 was
                 call'd
                 Olympick
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 appointed
                 Horse-coursing
                 ,
                 Wrestling
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Oymnick
                 Sports
                 ,
                 and
                 ordered
                 their
                 several
                 Prizes
                 and
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 to
                 acquaint
                 them
                 with
                 the
                 institution
                 of
                 these
                 Games
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 in
                 no
                 small
                 Honour
                 and
                 Repute
                 before
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 Expedition
                 with
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 :
                 But
                 this
                 Institution
                 of
                 the
                 Olympick
                 Games
                 much
                 more
                 advanc'd
                 his
                 praise
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 cry'd
                 up
                 amongst
                 all
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 so
                 eminently
                 famous
                 in
                 the
                 esteem
                 of
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 desir'd
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 of
                 Friendship
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 stand
                 and
                 fall
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 all
                 Dangers
                 whatsoever
                 .
              
               
                 His
                 Valour
                 and
                 Military
                 Art
                 was
                 so
                 admir'd
                 by
                 every
                 Body
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 presently
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 vast
                 Army
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 he
                 went
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 ,
                 desiring
                 to
                 benefit
                 all
                 Mankind
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 account
                 all
                 unanimously
                 agree
                 that
                 he
                 has
                 attain'd
                 to
                 a
                 state
                 of
                 Immortality
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Poets
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 prodigous
                 
                 way
                 of
                 relating
                 matters
                 ,
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 Hercules
                 himself
                 alone
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 any
                 Arms
                 ,
                 perform'd
                 all
                 those
                 famous
                 Actions
                 reported
                 of
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 given
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 things
                 that
                 are
                 fabulously
                 related
                 concerning
                 this
                 God
                 :
                 And
                 now
                 it
                 remains
                 that
                 we
                 should
                 proceed
                 with
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 Jason
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 that
                 he
                 and
                 Medea
                 ,
                 as
                 Man
                 and
                 Wife
                 ,
                 liv'd
                 together
                 Ten
                 Years
                 in
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 her
                 begat
                 first
                 Two
                 Twins
                 ,
                 Thessalus
                 and
                 Alcimena
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Third
                 call'd
                 Tisandrus
                 ,
                 much
                 younger
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 Two.
                 During
                 all
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 Medea
                 was
                 greatly
                 belov'd
                 of
                 her
                 Husband
                 ,
                 being
                 eminent
                 not
                 only
                 for
                 the
                 excellency
                 of
                 her
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 her
                 Prudence
                 and
                 other
                 Virtuous
                 Qualifications
                 :
                 But
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 she
                 grew
                 old
                 ,
                 and
                 her
                 Beauty
                 began
                 to
                 decay
                 ,
                 Jason
                 fell
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 Glauces
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Creon
                 ,
                 and
                 courted
                 the
                 young
                 Lady
                 to
                 marry
                 her
                 .
                 The
                 Father
                 agreed
                 to
                 the
                 Match
                 ,
                 and
                 appointed
                 a
                 Day
                 ,
                 but
                 Jason
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 first
                 apply'd
                 himself
                 to
                 Medea
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 persuade
                 her
                 to
                 a
                 voluntary
                 Divorce
                 ;
                 telling
                 her
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 marry
                 this
                 other
                 Lady
                 out
                 of
                 any
                 aversion
                 or
                 disgust
                 to
                 her
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 Children
                 to
                 be
                 Heirs
                 to
                 the
                 Royal
                 Family
                 .
                 Hereat
                 the
                 Woman
                 storm'd
                 ,
                 and
                 appeal'd
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 for
                 Revenge
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 Witnesses
                 of
                 his
                 Oath
                 and
                 Vows
                 .
                 However
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 Jason
                 without
                 any
                 further
                 regard
                 to
                 her
                 ,
                 marry'd
                 the
                 King's
                 Daughter
                 .
              
               
                 Medea
                 therefore
                 being
                 commanded
                 to
                 leave
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 having
                 only
                 one
                 Day
                 allow'd
                 her
                 by
                 Creon
                 to
                 prepare
                 for
                 her
                 Departure
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Witchcraft
                 she
                 chang'd
                 the
                 Form
                 of
                 her
                 Countenance
                 ,
                 and
                 enter'd
                 the
                 Palace
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 a
                 Root
                 found
                 out
                 by
                 Cerces
                 her
                 Sister
                 (
                 which
                 being
                 kindled
                 ,
                 was
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 nature
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 extinguish'd
                 )
                 she
                 set
                 the
                 Palace
                 on
                 Fire
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 all
                 being
                 in
                 a
                 Flame
                 ,
                 Jason
                 sprang
                 out
                 from
                 the
                 Burning
                 ,
                 and
                 escap'd
                 ,
                 but
                 Glance
                 and
                 her
                 Father
                 Creon
                 hem'd
                 in
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 by
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 were
                 both
                 consum'd
                 .
                 Some
                 Historians
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 
                 Medea's
                 Sons
                 presented
                 the
                 new
                 Bride
                 with
                 poyson'd
                 Plasters
                 ,
                 which
                 she
                 applying
                 to
                 her self
                 ,
                 miserably
                 perish'd
                 ,
                 and
                 her
                 Father
                 together
                 with
                 her
                 ,
                 by
                 only
                 touching
                 her
                 Body
                 in
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 help
                 her
                 .
                 Medea
                 thus
                 succeeding
                 in
                 her
                 first
                 Attempt
                 ,
                 proceeded
                 still
                 to
                 be
                 further
                 reveng'd
                 upon
                 
                 Jason
                 ;
                 for
                 she
                 was
                 so
                 far
                 transported
                 with
                 Rage
                 and
                 Jealousie
                 ,
                 yea
                 ,
                 with
                 implacable
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 that
                 notwithstanding
                 
                 Jason's
                 narrow
                 Escape
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Destruction
                 of
                 the
                 Bride
                 ,
                 she
                 further
                 inhanc'd
                 his
                 Misery
                 ,
                 by
                 murdering
                 his
                 Sons
                 he
                 had
                 by
                 her
                 ;
                 for
                 she
                 cut
                 all
                 their
                 Throats
                 (
                 except
                 one
                 who
                 made
                 his
                 Escape
                 by
                 Flight
                 )
                 and
                 bury'd
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Juno
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 she
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 at
                 Midnight
                 fled
                 with
                 some
                 of
                 her
                 Faithful
                 Maid-servants
                 from
                 Corinth
                 to
                 Hercules
                 at
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 who
                 undertaking
                 as
                 a
                 Surety
                 for
                 Jason
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 perform
                 his
                 Vows
                 made
                 to
                 her
                 in
                 Colchis
                 ,
                 promis'd
                 to
                 assist
                 her
                 in
                 taking
                 Revenge
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 judg'd
                 Jason
                 was
                 justly
                 punish'd
                 in
                 this
                 loss
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 his
                 Wife
                 and
                 Children
                 :
                 Not
                 being
                 therefore
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 insupportable
                 weight
                 of
                 his
                 Calamities
                 he
                 kill'd
                 himself
                 .
                 The
                 Corinthians
                 were
                 even
                 astonish'd
                 at
                 the
                 extremity
                 of
                 his
                 Misery
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 especially
                 perplext
                 concerning
                 the
                 Burying
                 of
                 the
                 Children
                 .
                 Therefore
                 they
                 sent
                 to
                 Delphos
                 to
                 inquire
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 how
                 their
                 Bodies
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 dispos'd
                 of
                 :
                 And
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ordered
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 bury'd
                 in
                 
                 Juno's
                 Temple
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 for
                 ever
                 after
                 be
                 worship'd
                 as
                 Demy
                 Gods.
                 The
                 Corinthians
                 accordingly
                 observ'd
                 what
                 was
                 commanded
                 ;
                 and
                 Thessalus
                 ,
                 who
                 escap'd
                 the
                 cruel
                 Hands
                 of
                 his
                 Mother
                 ,
                 was
                 brought
                 up
                 by
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 return'd
                 to
                 Iolcus
                 ,
                 his
                 Father's
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 found
                 Acastus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Pelius
                 ,
                 then
                 lately
                 dead
                 ;
                 and
                 thereupon
                 (
                 as
                 next
                 Heir
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 )
                 took
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Authority
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 the
                 People
                 within
                 his
                 Dominion
                 
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 ,
                 Thessalians
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 am
                 not
                 ignorant
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 other
                 Accounts
                 given
                 concerning
                 the
                 naming
                 of
                 them
                 Thessalians
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 shall
                 speak
                 in
                 their
                 proper
                 Place
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 Medea
                 finding
                 Hercules
                 at
                 Thebes
                 distracted
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Children
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 by
                 him
                 murder'd
                 ,
                 she
                 cur'd
                 him
                 with
                 her
                 Medicinal
                 Applications
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 hope
                 of
                 Assistance
                 for
                 her
                 from
                 Hercules
                 at
                 the
                 present
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Labours
                 impos'd
                 upon
                 him
                 by
                 Eurystheus
                 ,
                 she
                 fled
                 to
                 Aegeus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Paedion
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 who
                 marry'd
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 begat
                 of
                 her
                 Medus
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Medes
                 .
                 Others
                 say
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 brought
                 to
                 her
                 Trial
                 by
                 Hippotus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Creon
                 ,
                 and
                 fairly
                 acquitted
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 small
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 when
                 Theseus
                 return'd
                 from
                 Traezene
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 expell'd
                 the
                 City
                 for
                 Witchcraft
                 ;
                 and
                 Aegeus
                 sent
                 her
                 away
                 by
                 Messengers
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 conduct
                 her
                 to
                 what
                 Place
                 soever
                 she
                 had
                 a
                 mind
                 to
                 go
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 she
                 went
                 into
                 Phaenicia
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 from
                 thence
                 she
                 past
                 into
                 the
                 upper
                 Parts
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 Marry'd
                 there
                 to
                 a
                 certain
                 famous
                 King
                 ,
                 she
                 had
                 a
                 Son
                 by
                 him
                 call'd
                 Medus
                 ,
                 who
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 succeeded
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 became
                 renown'd
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 People
                 Medes
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Monstrous
                 Stories
                 feign'd
                 by
                 the
                 Tragedians
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 great
                 variety
                 and
                 difference
                 in
                 the
                 History
                 concerning
                 Medea
                 .
                 Others
                 in
                 favour
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 return'd
                 safe
                 to
                 Colchis
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 along
                 with
                 her
                 Medus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Aegeus
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 about
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 Aeetes
                 was
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 depriv'd
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 by
                 Perses
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 restor'd
                 by
                 his
                 Nephew
                 Medus
                 ,
                 who
                 kill'd
                 Perses
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 Medeus
                 having
                 rais'd
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 overran
                 many
                 Parts
                 of
                 Asia
                 above
                 Pontus
                 ,
                 and
                 subdu'd
                 that
                 Part
                 now
                 call'd
                 from
                 him
                 Media
                 :
                 But
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 here
                 unnecessary
                 and
                 too
                 tedious
                 to
                 relate
                 all
                 the
                 Stories
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 written
                 
                 concerning
                 Medea
                 ;
                 therefore
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 proceed
                 with
                 what
                 remains
                 of
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Ancient
                 and
                 Modern
                 Writers
                 (
                 amongst
                 whom
                 is
                 Timaeus
                 )
                 report
                 that
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 (
                 after
                 the
                 carrying
                 away
                 of
                 the
                 Golden
                 Fleece
                 )
                 coming
                 to
                 understand
                 that
                 Aeetes
                 had
                 blockt
                 up
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 Pontus
                 with
                 his
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 to
                 prevent
                 their
                 return
                 ,
                 perform'd
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 wonderfully
                 remarkable
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 they
                 sail'd
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Tanais
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 drew
                 the
                 Ship
                 a
                 considerable
                 way
                 over
                 Land
                 into
                 another
                 River
                 that
                 ran
                 into
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 fell
                 down
                 that
                 way
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 bending
                 their
                 Course
                 from
                 the
                 North
                 to
                 the
                 West
                 ,
                 leaving
                 the
                 Continent
                 on
                 their
                 Left-Hand
                 ,
                 they
                 at
                 length
                 enter'd
                 our
                 Sea
                 near
                 *
                 Gades
                 :
                 And
                 to
                 confirm
                 this
                 ,
                 they
                 use
                 these
                 Arguments
                 .
              
               
                 First
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 †
                 Celts
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 near
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 do
                 adore
                 Castor
                 and
                 Pollux
                 above
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ;
                 for
                 amongst
                 these
                 Celts
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 an
                 ancient
                 Tradition
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 Gods
                 appear'd
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ocean
                 :
                 And
                 they
                 affirm
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 several
                 Places
                 near
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 their
                 Names
                 from
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 and
                 the
                 *
                 Dioscuri
                 ,
                 which
                 remain
                 still
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 within
                 the
                 Continent
                 beyond
                 Gades
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 apparent
                 Marks
                 and
                 Signs
                 of
                 the
                 return
                 of
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 :
                 For
                 sailing
                 by
                 †
                 Tyrrhenia
                 ,
                 and
                 arriving
                 at
                 a
                 certain
                 Island
                 call'd
                 *
                 Aethalia
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 a
                 Spacious
                 Haven
                 ,
                 was
                 call'd
                 by
                 them
                 Argo
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 their
                 Ship
                 ,
                 which
                 Name
                 the
                 Port
                 retains
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 
                 another
                 Harbour
                 in
                 Hetruria
                 ,
                 †
                 Eight
                 Hundred
                 Furlongs
                 from
                 Rome
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 nam'd
                 Telamon
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Port
                 at
                 the
                 City
                 Formia
                 into
                 Italy
                 they
                 call'd
                 Aeetes
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 now
                 nam'd
                 Caieta
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 further
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 driven
                 upon
                 the
                 Quick-sands
                 in
                 Lybia
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 Violent
                 Tempest
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 inform'd
                 by
                 Triton
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 Danger
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 Kindness
                 they
                 presented
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 Brass
                 Tripode
                 ,
                 on
                 which
                 were
                 inscrib'd
                 very
                 ancient
                 Characters
                 ,
                 which
                 not
                 long
                 since
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 was
                 amongst
                 the
                 Hesperians
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 are
                 not
                 here
                 to
                 omit
                 refuting
                 those
                 Historians
                 ,
                 that
                 affirm
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 sailing
                 through
                 the
                 River
                 Ister
                 to
                 the
                 Spring-heads
                 below
                 ,
                 pass'd
                 through
                 the
                 Channel
                 there
                 straight
                 before
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 Adriatick
                 Gulf.
                 But
                 Time
                 has
                 now
                 clearly
                 manifested
                 the
                 mistakes
                 of
                 those
                 Authors
                 ,
                 who
                 thought
                 that
                 that
                 Ister
                 which
                 disimbogues
                 itself
                 by
                 several
                 Mouths
                 into
                 the
                 
                 Pontick-Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 other
                 which
                 falls
                 into
                 Adria
                 ,
                 rise
                 from
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Spring-head
                 .
                 For
                 since
                 the
                 Conquest
                 of
                 Istria
                 by
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 known
                 by
                 experience
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Fountain-heads
                 of
                 this
                 River
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 above
                 Forty
                 Furlongs
                 from
                 the
                 Sea
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Identity
                 of
                 Rivers
                 Names
                 has
                 been
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 Historians
                 Mistakes
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 now
                 insisted
                 long
                 enough
                 upon
                 the
                 Acts
                 of
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 ,
                 
                 it's
                 requisite
                 according
                 to
                 my
                 Promise
                 ,
                 to
                 relate
                 the
                 Actions
                 of
                 his
                 Sons
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Translation
                 of
                 Hercules
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 his
                 Children
                 dwelt
                 in
                 Trachinia
                 ,
                 with
                 Ceyces
                 the
                 King.
                 When
                 Hyllus
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 were
                 grown
                 up
                 to
                 Mens
                 Estates
                 ,
                 Eurystheus
                 began
                 to
                 fear
                 ,
                 lest
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 all
                 grown
                 up
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 ejected
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Micaena
                 :
                 Therefore
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 expel
                 the
                 Heraclides
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 parts
                 of
                 Greece
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 he
                 requir'd
                 Ceyces
                 ,
                 to
                 banish
                 the
                 Heraclides
                 and
                 the
                 Posterity
                 of
                 Licymnius
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 Iolaus
                 and
                 the
                 Arcadian
                 Regiments
                 (
                 that
                 assisted
                 Hercules
                 in
                 his
                 Expeditions
                 )
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Dominions
                 ,
                 and
                 threatned
                 him
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 he
                 would
                 proclaim
                 War
                 against
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Heraclides
                 and
                 their
                 Friends
                 ,
                 considering
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 contend
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 fly
                 from
                 Trachine
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 :
                 Making
                 therefore
                 away
                 to
                 other
                 Cities
                 more
                 wealthy
                 and
                 considerable
                 ,
                 they
                 desir'd
                 Residence
                 amongst
                 them
                 :
                 But
                 none
                 durst
                 receive
                 them
                 but
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 who
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 natural
                 Generosity
                 ,
                 entertain'd
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 them
                 and
                 their
                 Friends
                 Habitations
                 in
                 Tricorynthus
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Four
                 Cities
                 of
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 Attica
                 call'd
                 Tetrapolis
                 .
              
               
               
                 After
                 some
                 time
                 when
                 all
                 the
                 Heraclides
                 were
                 attain'd
                 to
                 Mens
                 Estates
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Spirits
                 were
                 rais'd
                 up
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 glory
                 of
                 their
                 Father
                 ,
                 Euristheus
                 jealous
                 of
                 their
                 growing
                 Interest
                 ,
                 led
                 a
                 strong
                 Army
                 against
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Heraclides
                 assisted
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 having
                 committed
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 
                   Iolaus
                   (
                   Hercules
                
                 his
                 Brother's
                 Son
                 )
                 who
                 together
                 with
                 Theseus
                 and
                 Hyllus
                 ,
                 commanded
                 the
                 Forces
                 ,
                 fought
                 Eurystheus
                 ,
                 and
                 routed
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 Euristheus
                 himself
                 (
                 his
                 Chariot
                 breaking
                 in
                 pieces
                 in
                 his
                 Flight
                 )
                 was
                 kill'd
                 by
                 Hyllus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Hercules
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Eurystheus
                 fell
                 in
                 this
                 Battel
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Heraclides
                 having
                 obtain'd
                 so
                 remarkable
                 a
                 Victory
                 over
                 Eurystheus
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 prosperous
                 Success
                 now
                 advancing
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 they
                 invaded
                 Peloponesus
                 under
                 their
                 General
                 Hyllus
                 .
              
               
                 One
                 Atreus
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Eurystheus
                 ,
                 had
                 obtain'd
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Mycaena
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Tegeans
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 marcht
                 out
                 against
                 the
                 Heraclidae
                 .
                 Both
                 Armies
                 met
                 in
                 the
                 Isthmos
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 Hyllus
                 challeng'd
                 any
                 one
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 to
                 fight
                 him
                 singly
                 ,
                 upon
                 condition
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 overcame
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Euristheus
                 should
                 be
                 given
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Heraclidae
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 he
                 himself
                 were
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 that
                 then
                 the
                 Heraclidae
                 should
                 not
                 return
                 into
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 within
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Fifty
                 Years
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 Echemus
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Tegeans
                 enter'd
                 the
                 List
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 with
                 Hyllus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 slain
                 in
                 the
                 Combat
                 .
                 The
                 Heraclidae
                 thereupon
                 in
                 performance
                 of
                 the
                 Agreement
                 ,
                 made
                 no
                 further
                 Attempt
                 to
                 enter
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 but
                 return'd
                 to
                 Trycorinthus
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 Licymnius
                 with
                 his
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 Tlepolemus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 consent
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 took
                 up
                 their
                 Residence
                 ,
                 and
                 dwelt
                 in
                 Argos
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 continu'd
                 in
                 Tricorynthus
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 Fifty
                 Years
                 were
                 expir'd
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 they
                 return'd
                 into
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 whose
                 Acts
                 we
                 shall
                 set
                 forth
                 ,
                 when
                 we
                 come
                 to
                 those
                 Times
                 .
                 Alchmena
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 came
                 to
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 after
                 vanish'd
                 away
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 she
                 was
                 worshipt
                 by
                 the
                 Thebans
                 as
                 a
                 Goddess
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Heraclidae
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 apply'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 Aeginius
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Dorus
                 ,
                 who
                 restor'd
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 Father's
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 intrusted
                 by
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 setled
                 themselves
                 among
                 the
                 Doreans
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 Tlepolemus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 who
                 resided
                 in
                 Argos
                 ,
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fly
                 thence
                 to
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Killing
                 of
                 Licymnius
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Electryo
                 ,
                 upon
                 some
                 falling
                 out
                 that
                 was
                 between
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Island
                 was
                 then
                 inhabited
                 by
                 the
                 Hellenes
                 ,
                 a
                 Colony
                 brought
                 thither
                 by
                 Triopas
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Phorbas
                 .
              
               
                 Tlepolemus
                 divided
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 its
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 into
                 Three
                 equal
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 there
                 Three
                 Cities
                 ,
                 
                   Lyndus
                   ,
                   Jalysus
                
                 and
                 Camirus
                 ;
                 becoming
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 renow'd
                 Actions
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 he
                 afterwards
                 assisted
                 Agamemnon
                 at
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Troy.
                 
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 IV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Theseus
                   .
                   The
                   Minotaur
                   in
                   
                     Crete
                     .
                     Androgeus
                  
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Minos
                   murther'd
                   by
                   
                     Egeus
                     .
                     Ariadna
                  
                   Daughter
                   of
                   Minos
                   ,
                   in
                   love
                   with
                   Theseus
                   .
                   Ariadna's
                   Crown
                   .
                   Aegeus
                   King
                   of
                   Athens
                   kills
                   himself
                   .
                   
                   Theseus's
                   Death
                   .
                   The
                   War
                   of
                   Thebes
                   by
                   the
                   Seven
                   Captains
                   .
                   The
                   Epigoni
                   renew
                   the
                   War.
                   The
                   Pedigrees
                   of
                   the
                   Heroes
                   at
                   Troy.
                   Of
                   the
                   Centaurs
                   ,
                   and
                   Lapithae
                   .
                   The
                   Pedigrees
                   of
                   
                     Aesculapius
                     ,
                     Aeacus
                     ,
                     Ajax
                     ,
                     Pelops
                     ,
                     Tantalus
                     ,
                     Oenomeus
                     .
                  
                   Dardanus's
                   Posterity
                   to
                   Priam
                   King
                   of
                   Troy.
                   
                
              
               
                 SInce
                 we
                 have
                 spoken
                 of
                 Hercules
                 and
                 his
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 it
                 remains
                 that
                 we
                 say
                 something
                 of
                 Theseus
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 seem'd
                 to
                 imitate
                 Hercules
                 in
                 his
                 brave
                 and
                 noble
                 Actions
                 .
                 
              
               
                 He
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Aethra
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Pittheus
                 ,
                 by
                 *
                 Neptune
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 up
                 in
                 Traezena
                 ,
                 with
                 Pittheus
                 his
                 Mothers
                 Father
                 .
                 Having
                 afterwards
                 found
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 reported
                 )
                 the
                 †
                 Tokens
                 hid
                 under
                 a
                 Stone
                 by
                 Aegeus
                 ,
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 go
                 to
                 Athens
                 :
                 As
                 he
                 travell'd
                 along
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 in
                 the
                 Isthmos
                 ,
                 his
                 Mind
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 Thoughts
                 how
                 to
                 imitate
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 perform
                 some
                 glorious
                 and
                 honourable
                 Enterprizes
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 First
                 therefore
                 he
                 kill'd
                 Corynetes
                 ,
                 who
                 us'd
                 to
                 carry
                 a
                 Club
                 call'd
                 Coryne
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 us'd
                 as
                 defensive
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Weapon
                 knockt
                 all
                 Passengers
                 and
                 Travellers
                 on
                 the
                 Head.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Then
                 next
                 he
                 slew
                 Sinnis
                 ,
                 who
                 haunted
                 the
                 Isthmos
                 ,
                 and
                 us'd
                 to
                 bend
                 down
                 Two
                 Pine-Trees
                 ,
                 one
                 to
                 meet
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 bind
                 one
                 Arm
                 to
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 another
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 he
                 took
                 passing
                 that
                 way
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 then
                 to
                 let
                 them
                 spring
                 up
                 on
                 a
                 suddain
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 their
                 force
                 and
                 violence
                 so
                 rent
                 in
                 Pieces
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 the
                 poor
                 Miserable
                 Creatures
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 dy'd
                 in
                 most
                 horrid
                 pain
                 and
                 torment
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 Third
                 thing
                 remarkable
                 that
                 he
                 did
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 Killing
                 of
                 the
                 Crommyonion
                 Sow
                 ,
                 a
                 most
                 vast
                 and
                 fierce
                 Creature
                 which
                 destroy'd
                 many
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 The
                 Fourth
                 was
                 the
                 Killing
                 of
                 Sciron
                 ,
                 who
                 lay
                 lurking
                 amongst
                 the
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 call'd
                 from
                 him
                 the
                 Scyronian
                 Rocks
                 :
                 His
                 manner
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 force
                 Passengers
                 to
                 wash
                 his
                 Feet
                 upon
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 a
                 steep
                 Rock
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 kick
                 them
                 down
                 head-long
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 near
                 Chelone
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Next
                 he
                 slew
                 Cercyon
                 at
                 Eleusina
                 ,
                 who
                 kill'd
                 all
                 that
                 he
                 overcame
                 in
                 Wrestling
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 kill'd
                 one
                 Procrustes
                 ,
                 who
                 resided
                 in
                 Corydallus
                 in
                 Attica
                 :
                 His
                 Custom
                 was
                 to
                 force
                 all
                 that
                 past
                 that
                 way
                 ,
                 to
                 lye
                 down
                 upon
                 a
                 Bed
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 longer
                 than
                 it
                 ,
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 so
                 much
                 of
                 their
                 Legs
                 ,
                 as
                 reacht
                 beyond
                 the
                 Bed
                 ;
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 shorter
                 ,
                 then
                 he
                 wrackt
                 and
                 stretcht
                 out
                 their
                 Limbs
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 reacht
                 the
                 full
                 length
                 ;
                 thence
                 he
                 was
                 nam'd
                 *
                 Procrustes
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Having
                 perform'd
                 these
                 notable
                 Exploits
                 ,
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Tokens
                 which
                 he
                 brought
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 known
                 and
                 owned
                 by
                 Aegeus
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 master'd
                 the
                 Marathonian
                 Bull
                 (
                 which
                 Hercules
                 in
                 performance
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Labours
                 ,
                 brought
                 from
                 Crete
                 into
                 Peloponesus
                 )
                 and
                 led
                 the
                 Monster
                 in
                 Triumph
                 into
                 Athens
                 ,
                 which
                 Aegeus
                 sacrific'd
                 to
                 Apollo
                 .
                 
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 it
                 remains
                 that
                 we
                 speak
                 of
                 the
                 Minotaur
                 which
                 was
                 kill'd
                 by
                 Theseus
                 :
                 
                 But
                 for
                 the
                 clearer
                 understanding
                 of
                 the
                 History
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 necessary
                 that
                 we
                 first
                 ascend
                 to
                 things
                 done
                 some
                 time
                 before
                 ,
                 that
                 have
                 a
                 Reference
                 to
                 the
                 Narration
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Tectamus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Dorus
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Hellen
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Deucalion
                 ,
                 arriving
                 in
                 Crete
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Aeolians
                 and
                 Pelasgians
                 ,
                 reign'd
                 there
                 as
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 marrying
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Cretheus
                 ,
                 had
                 by
                 her
                 Asterius
                 ;
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 whose
                 Reign
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 Jupiter
                 having
                 carry'd
                 away
                 Europa
                 out
                 of
                 Phaenicia
                 ,
                 transported
                 her
                 upon
                 a
                 
                 Bull
                 's
                 Back
                 into
                 Crete
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 her
                 begot
                 Three
                 Sons
                 ,
                 
                   Minos
                   ,
                   Rhadomanthus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Sarpedon
                 .
              
               
                 Asterius
                 King
                 of
                 Crete
                 afterwards
                 marry'd
                 Europa
                 ,
                 but
                 having
                 no
                 Children
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 he
                 adopted
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 Rhadamanthus
                 prescrib'd
                 Laws
                 for
                 the
                 
                   Cretians
                   :
                   Minos
                
                 taking
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 marry'd
                 Itone
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Lyctius
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 her
                 begat
                 Lycastes
                 ,
                 who
                 coming
                 to
                 reign
                 ,
                 Marry'd
                 Ida
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Corybantus
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 her
                 begat
                 another
                 Minos
                 ,
                 whom
                 some
                 say
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 that
                 rigg'd
                 out
                 a
                 gallant
                 Navy
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Dominion
                 of
                 the
                 Sea.
                 He
                 marry'd
                 Pasiphoe
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Sol
                 and
                 Cretes
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 her
                 had
                 
                   Deucalion
                   ,
                   Astrea
                   ,
                   Androgeus
                   ,
                   Ariadne
                   ,
                
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Children
                 .
              
               
                 Androgeus
                 in
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Aegeus
                 ,
                 went
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 *
                 Panathenean
                 Solemnities
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 Victor
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 Sports
                 and
                 Contests
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 Account
                 ,
                 he
                 became
                 very
                 familiar
                 with
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Pallas
                 ;
                 and
                 thereupon
                 Aegeus
                 grew
                 jealous
                 ,
                 lest
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 Pallas
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 Minos
                 ,
                 should
                 out
                 him
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 contriv'd
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 Androgeus
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 end
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 travelling
                 to
                 Thebes
                 to
                 see
                 a
                 Sacred
                 Procession
                 by
                 order
                 of
                 Aegeus
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 way-laid
                 by
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 assassinated
                 near
                 Oenon
                 in
                 Attica
                 .
              
               
                 Minos
                 afterwards
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 sad
                 Misfortune
                 of
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 went
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 requir'd
                 Justice
                 for
                 the
                 Murder
                 committed
                 :
                 But
                 seeing
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 prevail
                 ,
                 he
                 proclaim'd
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 prayed
                 Jupiter
                 to
                 send
                 a
                 Drought
                 and
                 Famine
                 upon
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Athens
                 ;
                 whose
                 Prayer
                 was
                 speedily
                 heard
                 ,
                 for
                 forthwith
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 Drought
                 throughout
                 Attica
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 through
                 all
                 Greece
                 it self
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 a
                 miserable
                 Scarcity
                 and
                 dreadful
                 Famine
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 chief
                 Men
                 therefore
                 of
                 the
                 several
                 Cities
                 ,
                 assembling
                 themselves
                 together
                 ,
                 sent
                 to
                 consult
                 the
                 Oracle
                 at
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 what
                 they
                 must
                 do
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 avert
                 the
                 present
                 Calamity
                 ;
                 who
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 to
                 go
                 to
                 Aeacus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 and
                 Aegina
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Asopus
                 ,
                 and
                 intreat
                 him
                 to
                 offer
                 Sacrifices
                 for
                 them
                 :
                 Which
                 they
                 did
                 accordingly
                 ,
                 and
                 Aeacus
                 perform'd
                 what
                 they
                 desir'd
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Drought
                 and
                 Famine
                 ceas'd
                 in
                 all
                 Parts
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 in
                 Attica
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 it
                 still
                 continu'd
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 resort
                 again
                 to
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 to
                 implore
                 Relief
                 from
                 the
                 pressing
                 Calamity
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 God
                 return'd
                 Answer
                 ,
                 that
                 to
                 expiate
                 the
                 Murder
                 of
                 Androgeus
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 give
                 to
                 Minos
                 such
                 satisfaction
                 as
                 he
                 requir'd
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 obey'd
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ;
                 and
                 Minos
                 demanded
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 Seven
                 Years
                 together
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 send
                 Seven
                 Boys
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 Girls
                 to
                 be
                 devour'd
                 by
                 the
                 Minotaur
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 this
                 they
                 should
                 do
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 the
                 Monster
                 liv'd
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 sent
                 them
                 accordingly
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 Famine
                 ceas'd
                 ,
                 and
                 Minos
                 desisted
                 from
                 further
                 prosecuting
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 When
                 the
                 Seven
                 Years
                 were
                 expir'd
                 ,
                 Minos
                 came
                 again
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Navy
                 into
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Attica
                 ,
                 and
                 demanded
                 Fourteen
                 Boys
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 delivered
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 Theseus
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Children
                 his
                 Fellows
                 ,
                 being
                 now
                 ready
                 to
                 set
                 Sail
                 ,
                 Aegeus
                 sent
                 a
                 Pilot
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 Theseus
                 overcame
                 the
                 Minotaur
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 enter
                 the
                 
                 Port
                 of
                 Athens
                 with
                 white
                 Sails
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 he
                 perish'd
                 with
                 black
                 ,
                 as
                 †
                 they
                 us'd
                 formerly
                 to
                 do
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Athenians
                 arriv'd
                 in
                 
                   Crete
                   ,
                   Ariadna
                   ,
                   Minos
                
                 his
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 fell
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 Theseus
                 for
                 his
                 gallant
                 mean
                 and
                 deportment
                 :
                 Having
                 therefore
                 opportunity
                 of
                 Converse
                 with
                 her
                 ,
                 by
                 her
                 Advice
                 and
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 he
                 both
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Minotaur
                 ,
                 and
                 learn'd
                 the
                 
                 Passage
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Labyrinth
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 came
                 out
                 safe
                 .
                 Then
                 privately
                 preparing
                 for
                 his
                 return
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 he
                 stole
                 away
                 Ariadna
                 ,
                 and
                 sail'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Port
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 the
                 Island
                 then
                 call'd
                 Dia
                 ,
                 but
                 now
                 Naxos
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 report
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 Bacchus
                 being
                 taken
                 with
                 the
                 Beauty
                 of
                 the
                 Young
                 Lady
                 ,
                 took
                 her
                 by
                 force
                 from
                 Theseus
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 the
                 ardent
                 Affection
                 he
                 had
                 for
                 her
                 ,
                 marry'd
                 her
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 his
                 love
                 for
                 her
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 after
                 her
                 Death
                 ,
                 he
                 dignify'd
                 her
                 with
                 Immortality
                 ,
                 and
                 transform'd
                 her
                 crown
                 into
                 
                 a
                 Constellation
                 of
                 Stars
                 ,
                 call'd
                 
                 Ariadna's
                 Crown
                 .
                 Theseus
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 was
                 so
                 griev'd
                 
                 to
                 be
                 thus
                 bereav'd
                 of
                 the
                 Young
                 Lady
                 ,
                 that
                 through
                 Sorrow
                 and
                 Vexation
                 ,
                 he
                 forgot
                 the
                 Commands
                 of
                 Aegeus
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 into
                 the
                 Port
                 of
                 Athens
                 with
                 black
                 Sails
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 sight
                 ,
                 Aegeus
                 concluding
                 that
                 his
                 Son
                 was
                 destroy'd
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 upon
                 an
                 Heroick
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 sad
                 and
                 lamentable
                 Action
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 went
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Citadel
                 (
                 and
                 through
                 the
                 excessiveness
                 of
                 his
                 Grief
                 ,
                 counting
                 his
                 Life
                 a
                 Burden
                 to
                 him
                 )
                 he
                 threw
                 himself
                 down
                 Headlong
                 .
                 After
                 his
                 Death
                 Theseus
                 succeeded
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 govern'd
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 and
                 ordered
                 and
                 performed
                 many
                 things
                 ,
                 which
                 conduc'd
                 to
                 the
                 welfare
                 and
                 increase
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 most
                 famous
                 and
                 remarkable
                 among
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 was
                 this
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 gather'd
                 all
                 the
                 People
                 together
                 that
                 were
                 scatter'd
                 Abroad
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 (
                 and
                 so
                 were
                 more
                 considerable
                 for
                 their
                 Number
                 than
                 their
                 Power
                 )
                 and
                 brought
                 them
                 into
                 Athens
                 .
                 From
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 largeness
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 did
                 so
                 puff
                 up
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 swell
                 them
                 with
                 that
                 confidence
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 question'd
                 not
                 but
                 to
                 be
                 Lords
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 .
                 But
                 having
                 said
                 enough
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 go
                 on
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 remain
                 concerning
                 Theseus
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 afterwards
                 happened
                 to
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 Deucalion
                 ,
                 the
                 Eldest
                 of
                 
                 Minos's
                 Sons
                 ,
                 reigning
                 in
                 Crete
                 ,
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 Marry'd
                 his
                 own
                 Sister
                 Phoedra
                 to
                 Theseus
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 his
                 Marriage
                 he
                 sent
                 away
                 his
                 Son
                 Hippolytus
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 by
                 the
                 Amazon
                 ,
                 to
                 Troezena
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 bred
                 and
                 brought
                 up
                 by
                 his
                 Sister
                 Aethra
                 :
                 Of
                 Phoedra
                 he
                 begat
                 Acamantes
                 and
                 Demophon
                 .
              
               
                 Hippolytus
                 a
                 while
                 after
                 coming
                 to
                 Athens
                 to
                 the
                 Celebration
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Festival
                 ,
                 Phoedra
                 was
                 so
                 taken
                 with
                 his
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 fell
                 passionately
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 him
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 going
                 back
                 again
                 for
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 she
                 built
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Citadel
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Venus
                 ,
                 whence
                 she
                 might
                 have
                 a
                 prospect
                 of
                 Traezene
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 going
                 with
                 Theseus
                 to
                 Traezene
                 to
                 visit
                 Pittheus
                 ,
                 she
                 solicited
                 Hippolytus
                 to
                 lye
                 with
                 her
                 ;
                 who
                 refusing
                 the
                 Motion
                 ,
                 her
                 Love
                 was
                 turn'd
                 into
                 Hatred
                 and
                 Rage
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 she
                 accus'd
                 him
                 to
                 her
                 Husband
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 attempted
                 to
                 Ravish
                 her
                 .
                 Theseus
                 suspecting
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 what
                 she
                 said
                 ,
                 summon'd
                 Hippolytus
                 to
                 appear
                 and
                 answer
                 the
                 Accusation
                 ;
                 but
                 Phoedra
                 fearing
                 she
                 should
                 be
                 discover'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Trial
                 of
                 the
                 Cause
                 ,
                 hang'd
                 herself
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Hippolytus
                 first
                 heard
                 of
                 the
                 Accusation
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 driving
                 a
                 Chariot
                 ;
                 upon
                 the
                 News
                 whereof
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 Consternation
                 and
                 Disturbance
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 let
                 the
                 Reins
                 fall
                 ;
                 which
                 so
                 startled
                 the
                 Horses
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 hurried
                 him
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 broke
                 the
                 Chariot
                 in
                 Pieces
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 being
                 fastn'd
                 in
                 the
                 Harness
                 ,
                 was
                 drag'd
                 along
                 upon
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 perish'd
                 .
                 Hippolytus
                 thus
                 losing
                 his
                 Life
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 commendable
                 Chastity
                 ,
                 was
                 ador'd
                 by
                 the
                 Troezenians
                 as
                 a
                 God.
                 Theseus
                 afterwards
                 by
                 a
                 Sedition
                 being
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 died
                 in
                 Banishment
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 being
                 sorry
                 for
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 brought
                 back
                 his
                 Bones
                 ,
                 and
                 honour'd
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 they
                 bury'd
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 Sanctuary
                 ,
                 which
                 from
                 him
                 was
                 call'd
                 Theseion
                 .
              
               
                 Since
                 we
                 have
                 proceeded
                 so
                 far
                 in
                 the
                 Story
                 of
                 Theseus
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 give
                 a
                 distinct
                 account
                 also
                 of
                 the
                 Rape
                 of
                 Helen
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 intention
                 of
                 Perithous
                 to
                 court
                 Proserpina
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 things
                 have
                 a
                 Relation
                 to
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 Theseus
                 .
              
               
                 Perithous
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Ixion
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 his
                 Wife
                 Hippodamia
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 Son
                 call'd
                 Polypodes
                 ,
                 went
                 to
                 Athens
                 to
                 Theseus
                 ;
                 whom
                 finding
                 a
                 Widower
                 (
                 having
                 then
                 lately
                 bury'd
                 his
                 Wife
                 Phoedra
                 )
                 he
                 advis'd
                 to
                 steal
                 away
                 Helen
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 and
                 Laeda
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 about
                 Ten
                 Years
                 of
                 Age
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 surpassing
                 Beauty
                 :
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 they
                 went
                 (
                 with
                 some
                 other
                 of
                 their
                 Associates
                 )
                 
                 to
                 Lacedemon
                 ,
                 and
                 catching
                 a
                 fit
                 opportunity
                 for
                 the
                 purpose
                 ,
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 Helen
                 ,
                 as
                 their
                 common
                 Prize
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 her
                 away
                 to
                 Athens
                 ;
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 agreed
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 cast
                 Lots
                 for
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 who
                 should
                 have
                 the
                 good
                 Fortune
                 to
                 gain
                 her
                 ,
                 should
                 faithfully
                 assist
                 the
                 other
                 (
                 through
                 all
                 Hazards
                 whatsoever
                 )
                 in
                 procuring
                 him
                 another
                 Wife
                 .
                 This
                 Compact
                 being
                 confirm'd
                 by
                 a
                 Solemn
                 Oath
                 ,
                 she
                 fell
                 by
                 Lot
                 to
                 Theseus
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 were
                 much
                 incens'd
                 at
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 in
                 this
                 Business
                 :
                 Theseus
                 therefore
                 fearing
                 the
                 bad
                 effect
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 privately
                 kept
                 Helen
                 at
                 Aphidna
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Attica
                 ,
                 and
                 committed
                 her
                 to
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 his
                 Mother
                 Aethra
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 that
                 were
                 his
                 Faithful
                 Friends
                 .
              
               
               
                 Afterwards
                 Perithous
                 had
                 a
                 desire
                 to
                 court
                 Proserpina
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 this
                 purpose
                 requir'd
                 Theseus
                 to
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 :
                 At
                 first
                 Theseus
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 dissuade
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 take
                 him
                 off
                 from
                 such
                 a
                 wicked
                 and
                 impious
                 Design
                 .
                 But
                 Perithous
                 urging
                 him
                 the
                 more
                 vehemently
                 (
                 and
                 by
                 vertue
                 of
                 his
                 Oath
                 being
                 bound
                 thereunto
                 )
                 he
                 at
                 length
                 agreed
                 to
                 joyn
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Attempt
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 descended
                 into
                 the
                 *
                 Shades
                 below
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 their
                 Impudence
                 and
                 Impiety
                 ,
                 were
                 clapt
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 bound
                 fast
                 in
                 Chains
                 ;
                 but
                 Theseus
                 was
                 afterwards
                 releas'd
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 Hercules
                 .
                 But
                 Perithous
                 suffers
                 Eternal
                 Pains
                 with
                 the
                 Infernal
                 Spirits
                 for
                 his
                 Wickedness
                 ;
                 though
                 some
                 Writers
                 report
                 ,
                 that
                 neither
                 of
                 'em
                 ever
                 return'd
                 .
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 Castor
                 and
                 Pollux
                 (
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Helen
                 )
                 assaulted
                 Aphidna
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 it
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 raz'd
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 Helen
                 (
                 still
                 a
                 Virgin
                 )
                 to
                 Lacedemon
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 her
                 among
                 the
                 Captives
                 ,
                 A●thra
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 Theseus
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 spoke
                 sufficiently
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 proceed
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 Seven
                 Captains
                 that
                 made
                 War
                 against
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 and
                 shew
                 the
                 first
                 Causes
                 of
                 that
                 War.
                 Laius
                 
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Thebes
                 having
                 marry'd
                 Jocasta
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Creon
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 being
                 without
                 Children
                 ;
                 at
                 length
                 consulted
                 the
                 Oracle
                 whether
                 he
                 ever
                 should
                 have
                 any
                 Issue
                 .
                 Pithia
                 the
                 Priestess
                 gave
                 answer
                 from
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 unfortunate
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 have
                 any
                 Issue
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Son
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 afterwards
                 beget
                 ,
                 should
                 kill
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 involve
                 his
                 whole
                 Family
                 in
                 most
                 dreadful
                 Calamities
                 .
                 But
                 somewhat
                 forgetful
                 of
                 what
                 the
                 Oracle
                 had
                 declar'd
                 ,
                 he
                 afterwards
                 begat
                 a
                 Son
                 ,
                 but
                 bor'd
                 his
                 Feet
                 through
                 with
                 an
                 Iron
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 expos'd
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Fields
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 reason
                 he
                 was
                 afterwards
                 call'd
                 Oedipus
                 .
                 The
                 Servants
                 that
                 took
                 him
                 
                 into
                 their
                 Custody
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 were
                 unwilling
                 to
                 leave
                 him
                 so
                 to
                 the
                 wide
                 World
                 ,
                 but
                 gave
                 him
                 to
                 †
                 Polybus
                 his
                 Wife
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 barren
                 .
              
               
                 Being
                 attain'd
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 Man's
                 Estate
                 ,
                 Laius
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 inquire
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 to
                 know
                 what
                 was
                 become
                 of
                 the
                 expos'd
                 Infant
                 ;
                 and
                 Oedipus
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 being
                 by
                 some
                 one
                 inform'd
                 of
                 the
                 Design
                 against
                 him
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 very
                 Young
                 ,
                 took
                 a
                 Journey
                 to
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 to
                 inquire
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 who
                 were
                 his
                 true
                 Parents
                 :
                 It
                 so
                 fell
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 meeting
                 one
                 another
                 upon
                 the
                 Road
                 in
                 
                   Phocis
                   ,
                   Laius
                
                 in
                 a
                 proud
                 and
                 haughty
                 manner
                 commanded
                 Oedipus
                 to
                 get
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 way
                 ;
                 who
                 thereupon
                 was
                 so
                 inrag'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 fell
                 upon
                 Laius
                 and
                 kill'd
                 him
                 ,
                 not
                 knowing
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Father
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 that
                 time
                 they
                 report
                 that
                 Sphinx
                 ,
                 a
                 double
                 shap'd
                 Monster
                 ,
                 came
                 to
                 
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 forth
                 a
                 Riddle
                 to
                 be
                 resolv'd
                 by
                 any
                 that
                 could
                 :
                 Which
                 none
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 (
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 difficulty
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 )
                 she
                 destroy'd
                 many
                 :
                 At
                 length
                 she
                 became
                 more
                 moderate
                 ,
                 and
                 offer'd
                 a
                 Reward
                 to
                 such
                 as
                 should
                 unfold
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 marry
                 Jocasta
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 her
                 injoy
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Thebes
                 .
                 When
                 none
                 else
                 could
                 expound
                 the
                 Riddle
                 ,
                 Oedipus
                 was
                 the
                 only
                 Man
                 that
                 did
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Riddle
                 propounded
                 by
                 Sphinx
                 was
                 this
                 ;
                 
                   What
                   Creature
                   is
                   that
                   that
                   is
                   Two-Footed
                   ,
                   Three-Footed
                   ,
                   and
                   Four-Footed
                   ?
                
                 When
                 all
                 others
                 were
                 puzled
                 ,
                 Oedipus
                 interpreted
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Man
                 ;
                 who
                 when
                 he
                 is
                 an
                 Infant
                 ,
                 creeps
                 upon
                 all
                 *
                 Four
                 ;
                 when
                 he
                 grows
                 elder
                 ,
                 goes
                 upright
                 upon
                 his
                 Two
                 Feet
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 is
                 old
                 ,
                 he
                 's
                 Three-Footed
                 ,
                 using
                 a
                 Staff
                 to
                 support
                 him
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 weakness
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 Sphinx
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 reported
                 )
                 threw
                 herself
                 down
                 Headlong
                 from
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 :
                 And
                 Oedipus
                 marry'd
                 his
                 Mother
                 unknown
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 begat
                 of
                 her
                 Two
                 Sons
                 ,
                 Eteocles
                 and
                 Polynices
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 Daughters
                 ,
                 Antigone
                 and
                 Ismene
                 .
                 The
                 Sons
                 being
                 grown
                 up
                 to
                 Mans
                 Estate
                 ,
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Wickedness
                 committed
                 in
                 their
                 Family
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 for
                 the
                 foulness
                 of
                 the
                 Fact
                 ,
                 confin'd
                 Oedipus
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 stir
                 Abroad
                 ;
                 and
                 his
                 Sons
                 took
                 upon
                 them
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 first
                 agreeing
                 together
                 to
                 rule
                 Yearly
                 one
                 after
                 another
                 by
                 turns
                 .
                 Eocles
                 the
                 Elder
                 Brother
                 reign'd
                 first
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 his
                 Year
                 was
                 out
                 ,
                 he
                 refus'd
                 to
                 give
                 way
                 to
                 his
                 Brother
                 :
                 Polynices
                 demanded
                 the
                 Government
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Covenant
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 his
                 Brother
                 turn'd
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 Deaf
                 Ear
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 repair'd
                 to
                 Ardrastus
                 King
                 of
                 Argos
                 .
              
               
               
                 At
                 which
                 time
                 Tydeus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Oeneus
                 King
                 of
                 Calydonia
                 ,
                 was
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 Aetolia
                 to
                 Argos
                 ,
                 for
                 Killing
                 of
                 his
                 Nephews
                 Alcathous
                 and
                 
                   Lycotheus
                   .
                   Adrastus
                
                 kindly
                 entertain'd
                 them
                 both
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 command
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 gave
                 his
                 Daughter
                 Argia
                 in
                 marriage
                 to
                 Polynices
                 ,
                 and
                 Deipyle
                 to
                 Tydeus
                 .
                 The
                 young
                 Men
                 being
                 both
                 in
                 great
                 Honour
                 and
                 Esteem
                 ,
                 and
                 highly
                 approved
                 of
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 for
                 their
                 virtuous
                 Qualifications
                 ,
                 Adrastus
                 promis'd
                 to
                 restore
                 them
                 both
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Countries
                 .
                 Resolving
                 therefore
                 first
                 to
                 bring
                 back
                 Polynices
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 Tydeus
                 on
                 an
                 Embassage
                 to
                 Etocles
                 to
                 debate
                 the
                 matter
                 with
                 him
                 :
                 In
                 his
                 Return
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 set
                 upon
                 by
                 Fifty
                 Men
                 ,
                 imploy'd
                 by
                 Eteocles
                 to
                 way-lay
                 him
                 ;
                 all
                 whom
                 notwithstanding
                 he
                 slew
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 safe
                 ,
                 beyond
                 all
                 seeming
                 Probability
                 to
                 
                   Argos
                   .
                   Adrastus
                
                 being
                 inform'd
                 of
                 this
                 piece
                 of
                 Treachery
                 ,
                 prepar'd
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 Procur'd
                 
                   Capaneus
                   ,
                   Hippomedon
                
                 and
                 Parthenopaeus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Atalanta
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Sheneus
                 to
                 joyn
                 with
                 him
                 :
                 Polynices
                 also
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 persuade
                 Amphiraus
                 the
                 Sooth-sayer
                 ,
                 to
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 Thebes
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 foreknowing
                 he
                 should
                 fall
                 in
                 that
                 War
                 if
                 he
                 went
                 ,
                 refus'd
                 to
                 stir
                 .
                 Polynices
                 therefore
                 presented
                 Amphiraus
                 his
                 Wife
                 with
                 a
                 †
                 Golden-Chain
                 (
                 which
                 as
                 is
                 reported
                 ,
                 was
                 bestow'd
                 upon
                 Harmonia
                 by
                 Minerva
                 )
                 to
                 persuade
                 her
                 Husband
                 to
                 joyn
                 with
                 them
                 as
                 one
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 .
                 There
                 being
                 some
                 Controversie
                 about
                 that
                 time
                 between
                 Adrastus
                 and
                 Amphiaraus
                 concerning
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 they
                 agreed
                 together
                 to
                 refer
                 the
                 whole
                 matter
                 in
                 difference
                 ,
                 both
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 and
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 decisive
                 Judgment
                 of
                 Euriphile
                 the
                 Sister
                 of
                 Adrastus
                 ,
                 and
                 Wife
                 to
                 Amphiaraus
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 she
                 gave
                 Judgment
                 for
                 Adrastus
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 her
                 Husband
                 should
                 joyn
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 
                   Thebes
                   .
                   Amphiaraus
                
                 (
                 though
                 he
                 lookt
                 upon
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 betray'd
                 by
                 his
                 Wife
                 ,
                 )
                 yet
                 prepar'd
                 to
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 Captains
                 :
                 But
                 before
                 he
                 went
                 ,
                 commanded
                 his
                 Son
                 Alchmeon
                 ,
                 that
                 after
                 he
                 was
                 dead
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 kill
                 Eriphyle
                 ;
                 who
                 afterwards
                 executed
                 his
                 Father's
                 Commands
                 ,
                 by
                 murdering
                 his
                 Mother
                 ;
                 but
                 was
                 some
                 time
                 after
                 so
                 terrify'd
                 in
                 Conscience
                 with
                 the
                 horridness
                 of
                 the
                 Fact
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 went
                 stark
                 mad
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 to
                 proceed
                 ;
                 
                   Adrastus
                   ,
                   Polynices
                
                 and
                 Tydeus
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 Four
                 other
                 Captains
                 ,
                 
                   Amphiraus
                   ,
                   Capaneus
                   ,
                   Hippomedon
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Parthenopeus
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 marcht
                 against
                 Thebes
                 ;
                 where
                 Eteocles
                 and
                 Polynices
                 kill'd
                 each
                 other
                 .
                 Capeneus
                 in
                 attempting
                 to
                 scale
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 was
                 likewise
                 slain
                 .
                 The
                 Earth
                 open'd
                 her
                 Mouth
                 and
                 swallow'd
                 up
                 Amphiaraus
                 and
                 his
                 Chariot
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 he
                 was
                 never
                 more
                 seen
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Generals
                 likewise
                 perish'd
                 in
                 this
                 War
                 except
                 Adrastus
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 there
                 was
                 among
                 the
                 common
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 Thebans
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 to
                 be
                 carried
                 off
                 the
                 Ground
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 Adrastus
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 leave
                 them
                 unbury'd
                 ,
                 and
                 return
                 to
                 Argos
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Bodies
                 of
                 the
                 Slain
                 thus
                 lying
                 unbury'd
                 at
                 Cadmea
                 ,
                 none
                 daring
                 to
                 interr
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 always
                 commendable
                 above
                 others
                 for
                 their
                 Humanity
                 )
                 took
                 care
                 of
                 this
                 matter
                 ,
                 and
                 bury'd
                 them
                 all
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 Misfortunes
                 that
                 befel
                 the
                 Seven
                 Captains
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 at
                 Thebes
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Children
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 Slain
                 (
                 call'd
                 †
                 Epigoni
                 )
                 to
                 revenge
                 their
                 
                 Father's
                 Deaths
                 ,
                 all
                 joyn'd
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 that
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 Oracle
                 of
                 Apollo
                 (
                 upon
                 Enquiry
                 )
                 answer'd
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 overcome
                 
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 made
                 Alchmaeon
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Amphiaraus
                 their
                 General
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 Alchmaeon
                 being
                 accordingly
                 (
                 with
                 unanimous
                 consent
                 )
                 created
                 Commander
                 in
                 chief
                 ,
                 consulted
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 both
                 concerning
                 the
                 present
                 intended
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Revenge
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 injoyn'd
                 by
                 his
                 Father
                 to
                 execute
                 upon
                 Eripyle
                 his
                 Mother
                 .
                 The
                 Oracle
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 perform
                 both
                 ,
                 because
                 she
                 not
                 only
                 receiv'd
                 a
                 Chain
                 of
                 Gold
                 for
                 what
                 she
                 did
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 his
                 Father's
                 Death
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 rich
                 †
                 Vale
                 likewise
                 as
                 a
                 Bribe
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 ruine
                 of
                 himself
                 .
                 Venus
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 heretofore
                 bestow'd
                 this
                 Chain
                 and
                 Garment
                 upon
                 Harmonia
                 the
                 Wife
                 of
                 Cadmus
                 ;
                 but
                 both
                 were
                 given
                 to
                 Eripyle
                 ;
                 the
                 Chain
                 by
                 Polynices
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Vale
                 by
                 
                   Thersandrus
                   ,
                   Polynices
                
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 might
                 persuade
                 Alchmaeon
                 ,
                 to
                 go
                 to
                 the
                 Theban
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 Alchmaeon
                 therefore
                 rais'd
                 Souldiers
                 out
                 of
                 Argos
                 ,
                 but
                 great
                 Numbers
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Towns
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 these
                 he
                 marcht
                 against
                 Thebes
                 :
                 The
                 Thebans
                 issued
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 sharp
                 Ingagement
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Alchmeons
                 at
                 length
                 got
                 the
                 Day
                 .
                 The
                 Thebans
                 being
                 thus
                 overcome
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 their
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 seeing
                 themselves
                 too
                 weak
                 for
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 utterly
                 despair'd
                 of
                 all
                 future
                 Success
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 consulted
                 
                 Teiresias
                 the
                 Soothsayer
                 what
                 they
                 should
                 do
                 .
                 Who
                 advis'd
                 them
                 to
                 abandon
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 only
                 means
                 left
                 for
                 their
                 Safety
                 and
                 Preservation
                 .
                 The
                 Cadmeans
                 follow'd
                 his
                 Advice
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 forsook
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 fled
                 to
                 a
                 Province
                 in
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Tilphotium
                 .
                 The
                 Epigonians
                 afterwards
                 enter'd
                 and
                 raz'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 now
                 Lords
                 of
                 all
                 (
                 among
                 others
                 )
                 possessed
                 themselves
                 of
                 Daphne
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Teiresias
                 ,
                 whom
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Vow
                 )
                 they
                 devoted
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 chief
                 of
                 their
                 Spoils
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 Oracle
                 at
                 Delphos
                 .
                 The
                 Daughter
                 nothing
                 inferior
                 to
                 her
                 Father
                 for
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Divination
                 ,
                 mightily
                 improv'd
                 it
                 while
                 she
                 continu'd
                 at
                 Delphos
                 ;
                 for
                 she
                 was
                 endued
                 with
                 those
                 Parts
                 and
                 Qualifications
                 that
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 admir'd
                 :
                 She
                 writ
                 divers
                 sorts
                 of
                 Prophetical
                 Verses
                 in
                 a
                 most
                 artificial
                 dress
                 and
                 composure
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 the
                 Poet
                 Homer
                 borrow'd
                 many
                 Verses
                 for
                 the
                 adorning
                 of
                 his
                 Poems
                 .
                 Being
                 often
                 in
                 an
                 Enthusiastical
                 inspiration
                 from
                 the
                 God
                 ,
                 she
                 utter'd
                 things
                 that
                 were
                 Prophetical
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 she
                 was
                 call'd
                 a
                 Sibyl
                 .
                 For
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 inspir'd
                 ,
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Greek
                 Language
                 to
                 act
                 the
                 *
                 Sibyl
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Epigonians
                 thus
                 prosperously
                 succeeding
                 in
                 their
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 return'd
                 at
                 length
                 (
                 loaden
                 with
                 Spoyl
                 )
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 .
                 Among
                 those
                 Thebans
                 that
                 fled
                 to
                 
                   Tilphosium
                   ,
                   Tiresias
                
                 dy'd
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 bury'd
                 by
                 the
                 Cadmeans
                 with
                 great
                 Funeral
                 Pomp
                 ,
                 and
                 ador'd
                 afterwards
                 as
                 a
                 God.
                 
              
               
                 Some
                 time
                 after
                 leaving
                 the
                 City
                 Tilphosium
                 ,
                 they
                 invaded
                 the
                 Doreans
                 ,
                 and
                 overcoming
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 Battel
                 expell'd
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 settl'd
                 themselves
                 for
                 a
                 while
                 in
                 their
                 Rooms
                 ;
                 but
                 afterwards
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 return'd
                 to
                 Thebes
                 in
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Creon
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Menaeceus
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 continu'd
                 in
                 Doris
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 expuls'd
                 Doreans
                 at
                 length
                 return'd
                 into
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 inhabited
                 
                   Erineus
                   ,
                   Citinius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 part
                 of
                 †
                 Beotia
                 .
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Beotus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Neptune
                 and
                 Arne
                 ,
                 
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 then
                 call'd
                 Aeolis
                 ,
                 (
                 now
                 Thessaly
                 )
                 and
                 nam'd
                 those
                 that
                 accompany'd
                 him
                 Beotians
                 .
              
               
                 Here
                 it
                 's
                 necessary
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 distinct
                 and
                 particular
                 Account
                 of
                 those
                 things
                 which
                 
                 we
                 have
                 gather'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Rubbish
                 of
                 Antiquity
                 ,
                 concerning
                 these
                 Aeolians
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 former
                 times
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Children
                 of
                 Aeolus
                 (
                 the
                 Nephew
                 of
                 Deucalion
                 and
                 Helen
                 )
                 inhabited
                 the
                 Places
                 before
                 mention'd
                 ,
                 but
                 Mimas
                 another
                 Son
                 reign'd
                 in
                 Aeolis
                 ,
                 and
                 Hippotes
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Mimas
                 begat
                 Aeolus
                 of
                 Menalippe
                 :
                 And
                 Arne
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 this
                 later
                 Aeolus
                 had
                 a
                 Son
                 by
                 Neptune
                 call'd
                 
                   Beotus
                   .
                   Aeolus
                
                 not
                 believing
                 she
                 was
                 got
                 with
                 Child
                 by
                 Neptune
                 ,
                 judg'd
                 her
                 guilty
                 of
                 Whoredom
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 deliver'd
                 her
                 to
                 a
                 Metapontinian
                 Stranger
                 (
                 that
                 was
                 there
                 by
                 chance
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 transported
                 to
                 †
                 Metapontum
                 ;
                 which
                 he
                 did
                 accordingly
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 she
                 was
                 deliver'd
                 of
                 Aeolus
                 and
                 Beotus
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 Metapontinian
                 (
                 being
                 Childless
                 )
                 by
                 direction
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 adopted
                 for
                 his
                 own
                 Sons
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 grew
                 to
                 Mens
                 Estate
                 ,
                 a
                 Sedition
                 being
                 rais'd
                 in
                 Metapontum
                 ,
                 they
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms.
                 Afterwards
                 Arne
                 and
                 Autolyte
                 ,
                 the
                 Wife
                 of
                 the
                 Metapontinian
                 falling
                 together
                 by
                 the
                 Ears
                 ,
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Arne
                 ,
                 in
                 assisting
                 their
                 Mother
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 Autolyte
                 ;
                 which
                 cruel
                 Fact
                 the
                 Metapontinian
                 took
                 most
                 heinously
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 they
                 got
                 on
                 Shipboard
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 to
                 Sea
                 with
                 their
                 Mother
                 Arne
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 of
                 their
                 Friends
                 .
                 Aeolus
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Islands
                 in
                 the
                 Tyrrhenian
                 Seas
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 Aeolides
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 Name
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 there
                 which
                 he
                 call'd
                 Lipara
                 .
                 But
                 Beotus
                 went
                 to
                 his
                 Grandfather
                 Aeolus
                 ,
                 who
                 receiv'd
                 him
                 as
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 came
                 afterwards
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 the
                 Country
                 after
                 his
                 Mother
                 Arne
                 ,
                 but
                 nam'd
                 the
                 People
                 Beotians
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 .
              
               
                 Itonus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Beotus
                 begat
                 Four
                 Sons
                 ,
                 
                   Hippalcimus
                   ,
                   Electrion
                   ,
                   Archilicus
                
                 and
                 
                   Alegenor
                   :
                   Hippalcimus
                
                 had
                 
                   Peneleos
                   ,
                   Electryon
                   ,
                   Leitus
                   ,
                   Algenor
                   ,
                   Cloncus
                   ,
                   Archilycus
                   ,
                   Prothaenor
                
                 and
                 Ariesilaus
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 all
                 Commanders
                 in
                 chief
                 of
                 the
                 Beotians
                 in
                 the
                 Trojan
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 Having
                 now
                 set
                 forth
                 these
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 endeavour
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 
                 Salmoneus
                 and
                 Tyro
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 their
                 Progeny
                 down
                 to
                 Nestor
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Commanders
                 at
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Troy.
                 
              
               
                 Salmoneus
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Helen
                 ,
                 Nephew
                 of
                 Aeolus
                 ,
                 and
                 Nephew's
                 Son
                 to
                 Deucalion
                 :
                 He
                 made
                 an
                 Expedition
                 out
                 of
                 Aeolis
                 ,
                 and
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 a
                 Territory
                 in
                 Elis
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Alpheus
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 he
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 call'd
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 Salomnia
                 :
                 He
                 marry'd
                 Alcidice
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Aleus
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 her
                 had
                 a
                 Daughter
                 nam'd
                 Tyro
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 Beauty
                 .
                 His
                 Wife
                 Alcidice
                 dying
                 ,
                 he
                 marry'd
                 another
                 call'd
                 *
                 Siderone
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 Step-mothers
                 )
                 hated
                 Tyro
                 .
              
               
               
                 Afterwards
                 Simoneus
                 (
                 being
                 both
                 cruel
                 and
                 unrighteous
                 towards
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 impious
                 towards
                 the
                 Gods
                 )
                 was
                 hated
                 by
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 for
                 his
                 Contempt
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 was
                 by
                 Jupiter
                 struck
                 dead
                 with
                 a
                 Thunderbolt
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Neptune
                 begat
                 Two
                 Sons
                 of
                 
                   Tyro
                   ,
                   Pelias
                
                 and
                 
                   Neleus
                   .
                   Tyro
                
                 being
                 afterwards
                 married
                 to
                 Cretheus
                 ,
                 she
                 had
                 by
                 him
                 
                   Amythaon
                   ,
                   Pheretes
                
                 and
                 Aesones
                 .
                 After
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 
                   Cretheus
                   ,
                   Pelias
                
                 and
                 Neleus
                 were
                 at
                 strife
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 for
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 Pelias
                 reign'd
                 as
                 King
                 of
                 Iolcus
                 and
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Countries
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 joyn'd
                 with
                 Melampus
                 and
                 Bias
                 ,
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Amythaon
                 and
                 Aglaia
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 some
                 
                   Achaeans
                   ,
                   Phthiots
                
                 and
                 Eolians
                 ,
                 made
                 an
                 inroad
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Peloponesus
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 time
                 ,
                 in
                 
                   Argos
                   ,
                   Melampus
                
                 (
                 being
                 a
                 Sooth-sayer
                 )
                 restor'd
                 some
                 Women
                 to
                 soundness
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 that
                 through
                 the
                 Anger
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 were
                 struck
                 with
                 a
                 raging
                 Madness
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 this
                 good
                 Act
                 he
                 was
                 rewarded
                 by
                 Anaxagoras
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Argives
                 ,
                 Son
                 of
                 Megapentheus
                 ,
                 with
                 Two
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 Melampus
                 took
                 his
                 Brother
                 Bias
                 as
                 his
                 Associate
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 resided
                 at
                 Argos
                 .
                 Then
                 marrying
                 Iphianira
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Megapantheus
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 by
                 her
                 
                   Antiphates
                   ,
                   Manto
                   ,
                   Bias
                
                 and
                 
                   Pronoes
                   .
                   Antiphates
                
                 had
                 by
                 Zeuxippe
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 
                   Hippocoon
                   ,
                   Oicles
                
                 and
                 Amphales
                 .
                 From
                 Oicles
                 and
                 Hypermnestra
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Thespius
                 ,
                 descended
                 
                   Iphianira
                   ,
                   Polybaea
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Amphiaraus
                 :
                 And
                 thus
                 Melampus
                 and
                 Bias
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Posterity
                 injoy'd
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Argos
                 .
              
               
                 Neleus
                 likewise
                 with
                 those
                 whom
                 he
                 conducted
                 ,
                 enter'd
                 .
                 Messina
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 the
                 City
                 Pylus
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 given
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 bordering
                 Inhabitants
                 ;
                 who
                 reigning
                 here
                 ,
                 married
                 Chloris
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Amphion
                 the
                 Theban
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 her
                 had
                 Twelve
                 Sons
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 Periclimenus
                 was
                 the
                 Eldest
                 ,
                 and
                 Nestor
                 the
                 Youngest
                 ,
                 who
                 went
                 along
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 the
                 Trojan
                 War.
                 But
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 we
                 may
                 keep
                 within
                 Bounds
                 ,
                 this
                 that
                 has
                 been
                 said
                 shall
                 susfice
                 concerning
                 the
                 Ancestors
                 of
                 Nestor
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 something
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 further
                 added
                 concerning
                 the
                 Lapithites
                 and
                 the
                 
                 Centaurs
                 ;
                 most
                 of
                 whom
                 were
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Oceanus
                 and
                 Thetys
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Mythologists
                 do
                 report
                 ,
                 )
                 remarkable
                 for
                 their
                 giving
                 Names
                 to
                 Rivers
                 ;
                 amongst
                 whom
                 was
                 Peneus
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 the
                 River
                 in
                 Thessaly
                 was
                 so
                 call'd
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 familiar
                 with
                 
                 the
                 Nymph
                 Creuta
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 her
                 begat
                 Hypseus
                 and
                 Stibes
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 Apollo
                 begat
                 Lapithes
                 and
                 
                   Centaurus
                   .
                   Lapithes
                
                 resided
                 near
                 the
                 River
                 Peneus
                 ,
                 and
                 reign'd
                 over
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Territories
                 .
                 He
                 marry'd
                 Orsinome
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Eurynomus
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 her
                 had
                 Two
                 Sons
                 ,
                 Phorbas
                 and
                 Periphas
                 ,
                 who
                 afterwards
                 reign'd
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 Nation
                 of
                 the
                 Lapithae
                 ,
                 are
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 
                   Lapithes
                   .
                   Phorbas
                
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Lapithes
                 ,
                 resided
                 at
                 Olenus
                 :
                 Whence
                 Alector
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Elis
                 (
                 fearing
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 Pelops
                 )
                 sent
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 his
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 him
                 his
                 Associate
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 Phorbas
                 had
                 Two
                 Sons
                 ,
                 Egeus
                 and
                 Actor
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 afterwards
                 Kings
                 of
                 Elis.
                 
              
               
                 Periphas
                 the
                 other
                 Son
                 of
                 Lapitha
                 ,
                 marry'd
                 Astyagea
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Hypseus
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 her
                 had
                 Eight
                 Children
                 ;
                 the
                 Eldest
                 of
                 whom
                 Antion
                 ,
                 had
                 Issue
                 Ixion
                 of
                 Perimela
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 
                   Amythaon
                   .
                   Ixion
                
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 upon
                 Promise
                 to
                 Hesioneus
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Dowry
                 and
                 rich
                 Gifts
                 ,
                 marry'd
                 his
                 Daughter
                 Dia
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 he
                 begat
                 Perithous
                 :
                 But
                 Ixion
                 not
                 performing
                 his
                 Promise
                 made
                 on
                 the
                 behalf
                 of
                 his
                 Wife
                 Hesioneus
                 seiz'd
                 his
                 Horses
                 in
                 lieu
                 of
                 a
                 Pawn
                 .
                 Ixion
                 under
                 colour
                 of
                 giving
                 full
                 satisfaction
                 ,
                 desir'd
                 his
                 Father
                 in
                 Law
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 who
                 coming
                 accordingly
                 ,
                 Ixion
                 threw
                 him
                 into
                 a
                 Fiery
                 Furnace
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 because
                 none
                 could
                 expiate
                 him
                 from
                 the
                 guilt
                 of
                 so
                 heinous
                 a
                 Parricide
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 that
                 Jupiter
                 did
                 it
                 .
                 But
                 growing
                 afterwards
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 Juno
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 impudent
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 court
                 her
                 to
                 play
                 the
                 Adulteress
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 Jupiter
                 turn'd
                 a
                 Cloud
                 into
                 the
                 shape
                 of
                 Juno
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 Ixion
                 gratify'd
                 his
                 Lust
                 ,
                 and
                 begat
                 those
                 Half
                 Men
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Centaurs
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 enormous
                 Impiety
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 fasten'd
                 by
                 Jupiter
                 to
                 a
                 Wheel
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 his
                 Death
                 suffer'd
                 Eternal
                 Torments
                 .
              
               
                 Others
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Centaurs
                 were
                 bred
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 Nymphs
                 in
                 Pelion
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 grew
                 up
                 to
                 Mens
                 Estates
                 ,
                 they
                 ingender'd
                 with
                 Mares
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 begat
                 a
                 double
                 shap'd
                 Brood
                 ,
                 call'd
                 *
                 Hippocentaurs
                 .
                 Others
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Centaurs
                 were
                 the
                 Issue
                 of
                 Nephele
                 and
                 Ixion
                 ,
                 and
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 attempted
                 to
                 ride
                 upon
                 Horses
                 ,
                 therefore
                 they
                 were
                 call'd
                 Hippocentaurs
                 ,
                 and
                 feign'd
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 double
                 Nature
                 ,
                 both
                 Man
                 and
                 Horse
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 that
                 these
                 Centaurs
                 being
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Stock
                 and
                 Original
                 ,
                 demanded
                 of
                 Perithous
                 a
                 share
                 of
                 
                 their
                 Father's
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 deny'd
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Lapithites
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 War
                 was
                 ended
                 ,
                 Perithous
                 marry'd
                 Hippodamia
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Bystus
                 ,
                 and
                 invited
                 Theseus
                 and
                 the
                 Centaurs
                 to
                 the
                 Marriage
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Centaurs
                 (
                 being
                 Drunk
                 ,
                 and
                 inflam'd
                 with
                 Wine
                 )
                 attempted
                 to
                 ravish
                 the
                 Women
                 that
                 were
                 then
                 at
                 the
                 Marriage
                 Feast
                 :
                 At
                 which
                 bold
                 and
                 wicked
                 Prank
                 ,
                 Theseus
                 and
                 the
                 Lapathites
                 were
                 so
                 incens'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 kill'd
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 drove
                 the
                 rest
                 as
                 Fugitives
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Centaurs
                 afterwards
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Lapithites
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 the
                 rest
                 that
                 had
                 escap'd
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 to
                 fly
                 into
                 Pholoe
                 in
                 Arcadia
                 :
                 But
                 some
                 got
                 into
                 Malea
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 continu'd
                 .
                 The
                 Centaurs
                 lifted
                 up
                 with
                 this
                 Success
                 ,
                 often
                 issu'd
                 out
                 of
                 Pholoe
                 ,
                 and
                 robb'd
                 all
                 the
                 Grecians
                 that
                 travell'd
                 that
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Inhabitants
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 now
                 done
                 with
                 these
                 occurrences
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 next
                 speak
                 of
                 Aesculapius
                 
                 and
                 his
                 Posterity
                 :
                 They
                 say
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Apollo
                 and
                 Coronis
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 of
                 an
                 acute
                 and
                 sharp
                 Wit
                 ,
                 earnestly
                 bent
                 his
                 Mind
                 to
                 the
                 study
                 of
                 Physick
                 ,
                 and
                 found
                 out
                 many
                 Preservatives
                 for
                 the
                 Health
                 of
                 Mens
                 Bodies
                 ;
                 and
                 grew
                 at
                 length
                 so
                 famous
                 ,
                 that
                 curing
                 many
                 in
                 a
                 wonderful
                 manner
                 ,
                 whose
                 Distempers
                 were
                 lookt
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 desperate
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 judg'd
                 to
                 raise
                 up
                 many
                 from
                 the
                 Dead
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 it
                 's
                 reported
                 by
                 the
                 Mythologists
                 ,
                 that
                 Pluto
                 complain'd
                 to
                 Jupiter
                 of
                 Aesculapius
                 ,
                 that
                 through
                 his
                 Cures
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 decreas'd
                 ;
                 and
                 accus'd
                 
                 him
                 for
                 the
                 weakning
                 of
                 his
                 Empire
                 in
                 the
                 Shades
                 below
                 :
                 At
                 which
                 Jupiter
                 was
                 so
                 incens'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 kill'd
                 Aesculapius
                 with
                 a
                 Thunderbolt
                 .
                 At
                 whose
                 Death
                 Apollo
                 was
                 inrag'd
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Cyclops
                 that
                 made
                 the
                 Thunderbolt
                 for
                 Jupiter
                 .
                 Whereat
                 Jupiter
                 was
                 again
                 in
                 wrath
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 a
                 Punishment
                 of
                 his
                 Offences
                 ,
                 forc'd
                 *
                 Apollo
                 to
                 serve
                 Mankind
                 in
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 constant
                 
                 Drudgery
                 .
                 Aesculapius
                 (
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 )
                 had
                 Two
                 Sons
                 ,
                 Machaon
                 and
                 Podalirius
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 skilful
                 in
                 their
                 Father's
                 Art
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 along
                 with
                 Agamemnon
                 to
                 the
                 Trojan
                 War
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 War
                 they
                 were
                 very
                 useful
                 and
                 serviceable
                 to
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 cur'd
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 wounded
                 in
                 Fights
                 with
                 singular
                 industry
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 in
                 such
                 esteem
                 and
                 favour
                 among
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 extraordinary
                 usefulness
                 in
                 their
                 Art
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 exempted
                 from
                 hazarding
                 their
                 Persons
                 ,
                 and
                 freed
                 from
                 all
                 other
                 publick
                 Services
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 here
                 we
                 shall
                 conclude
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 Aesculapius
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Sons
                 ;
                 and
                 shall
                 now
                 proceed
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Daughters
                 of
                 Asopus
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Aeacus
                 .
              
               
                 Oceanus
                 and
                 Tethys
                 (
                 as
                 some
                 Stories
                 have
                 it
                 )
                 had
                 many
                 other
                 Sons
                 ,
                 which
                 gave
                 
                 Names
                 to
                 famous
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 besides
                 Peneus
                 and
                 Asopus
                 .
                 The
                 Residence
                 of
                 Peneus
                 ,
                 was
                 that
                 Country
                 which
                 is
                 now
                 call'd
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 who
                 gave
                 Name
                 to
                 that
                 Famous
                 River
                 there
                 call'd
                 
                   Peneus
                   .
                   Asopus
                
                 dwelt
                 at
                 Phlias
                 ,
                 and
                 marry'd
                 Medon
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Ladon
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 Two
                 Sons
                 ,
                 Pelasgus
                 and
                 Ismenus
                 ,
                 and
                 twelve
                 Daughters
                 ,
                 whose
                 Names
                 were
                 
                   Cercyra
                   ,
                   Salamis
                   ,
                   Aegina
                   ,
                   Pirene
                   ,
                   Cleone
                   ,
                   Thebe
                   ,
                   Tanagra
                   ,
                   Thespira
                   ,
                   Asopis
                   ,
                   Sinope
                   ,
                   Oenia
                
                 and
                 
                   Chalcis
                   .
                   Ismenus
                
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Sons
                 ,
                 came
                 into
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 and
                 seated
                 himself
                 near
                 the
                 River
                 call'd
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 .
                 Sinope
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Daughters
                 was
                 forc'd
                 away
                 by
                 Apollo
                 to
                 that
                 Place
                 where
                 the
                 City
                 Sinope
                 now
                 stands
                 ;
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 her
                 :
                 From
                 her
                 and
                 Apollo
                 sprang
                 Syrus
                 ,
                 who
                 reign'd
                 over
                 those
                 People
                 ,
                 from
                 him
                 call'd
                 
                   Syrians
                   .
                   Neptune
                
                 transported
                 Cercyra
                 into
                 that
                 Island
                 ,
                 now
                 call'd
                 from
                 her
                 *
                 Corcyra
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 by
                 her
                 a
                 Son
                 call'd
                 Pheax
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 the
                 †
                 Pheans
                 are
                 so
                 nam'd
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Pheax
                 was
                 the
                 Father
                 of
                 Alcinous
                 ,
                 who
                 guided
                 Vlysses
                 into
                 
                   Ithaca
                   :
                   Salamis
                
                 also
                 was
                 forc'd
                 by
                 Neptune
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 into
                 the
                 Island
                 call'd
                 after
                 her
                 own
                 Name
                 ;
                 by
                 him
                 she
                 had
                 Cenchreus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 King
                 of
                 this
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 brave
                 spirited
                 Man
                 ;
                 he
                 kill'd
                 a
                 Serpent
                 of
                 a
                 vast
                 bigness
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 destroy'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 Aegina
                 was
                 carry'd
                 away
                 by
                 Jupiter
                 from
                 Phlias
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 Island
                 Aegina
                 ,
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 her
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 her
                 had
                 Aeacus
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 King
                 of
                 that
                 Island
                 ,
                 whose
                 Sons
                 were
                 Peleus
                 and
                 
                   Telamon
                   .
                   Peleus
                
                 by
                 the
                 throwing
                 of
                 an
                 Hand-Stone
                 ,
                 unfortunately
                 kill'd
                 his
                 Half-Brother
                 Phocus
                 ,
                 being
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Father
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Mother
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 Fact
                 he
                 was
                 banish'd
                 by
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 and
                 fled
                 into
                 Phthia
                 ,
                 a
                 Province
                 of
                 that
                 Country
                 ,
                 now
                 call'd
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 acquitted
                 and
                 purg'd
                 of
                 the
                 Slaughter
                 by
                 King
                 Actor
                 ,
                 and
                 succeeded
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 Actor
                 dying
                 without
                 Issue
                 .
                 Achilles
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Peleus
                 and
                 Thetis
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 along
                 with
                 Agamemnon
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 of
                 
                   Troy.
                   Telamon
                
                 likewise
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 Egina
                 ,
                 and
                 arriv'd
                 in
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 marry'd
                 Glance
                 the
                 King's
                 
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 afterwards
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 King
                 of
                 that
                 Island
                 .
                 After
                 ●he
                 Death
                 of
                 Glauce
                 ,
                 he
                 marry'd
                 Eribaea
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Alcathous
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 her
                 had
                 Ajax
                 ,
                 another
                 Associate
                 in
                 the
                 Trojan
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 Having
                 given
                 account
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 speak
                 of
                 
                   Pelops
                   ,
                   Tantalus
                
                 
                 and
                 Oenomaus
                 .
                 And
                 here
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 necessary
                 to
                 go
                 higher
                 ,
                 and
                 treat
                 distinctly
                 of
                 some
                 things
                 in
                 time
                 long
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Pisa
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 
                   Peloponesus
                   ,
                   Mars
                
                 begat
                 Oenomaus
                 of
                 Harpina
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 
                 
                   Asopus
                   :
                   Oenomaus
                
                 had
                 one
                 only
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Hippodamia
                 ,
                 and
                 consulting
                 the
                 Oracle
                 how
                 long
                 he
                 should
                 live
                 ,
                 the
                 God
                 answer'd
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 dye
                 when
                 his
                 Daughter
                 was
                 Marry'd
                 :
                 Dreading
                 therefore
                 her
                 Marriage
                 ,
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 she
                 should
                 ever
                 remain
                 in
                 a
                 Virgin
                 State
                 ,
                 conceiving
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 only
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 avoid
                 the
                 danger
                 foretold
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 whereas
                 many
                 earnestly
                 su'd
                 to
                 have
                 her
                 to
                 Wife
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 Proposal
                 of
                 a
                 Horse-Race
                 to
                 the
                 Suitors
                 ,
                 with
                 this
                 Condition
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 who
                 won
                 the
                 Race
                 ,
                 should
                 have
                 his
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 that
                 lost
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Course
                 to
                 be
                 run
                 was
                 from
                 Pisa
                 to
                 the
                 Altar
                 of
                 Neptune
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Isthmus
                 of
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 starting
                 was
                 thus
                 :
                 Oenomaus
                 first
                 sacrific'd
                 a
                 Ram
                 to
                 Jupiter
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Suitor
                 makes
                 speedily
                 away
                 in
                 a
                 Chariot
                 drawn
                 with
                 Four
                 Horses
                 ;
                 and
                 Oenomaus
                 having
                 at
                 length
                 finish'd
                 his
                 Sacrifice
                 ,
                 mounts
                 his
                 Chariot
                 driven
                 by
                 one
                 Myrtilus
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 Launce
                 in
                 his
                 Hand
                 ,
                 pursues
                 the
                 Suitor
                 ,
                 and
                 overtaking
                 him
                 ,
                 runs
                 him
                 through
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 swiftness
                 of
                 his
                 Horses
                 ,
                 always
                 coming
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Suitors
                 (
                 though
                 they
                 set
                 out
                 so
                 long
                 before
                 him
                 )
                 he
                 kill'd
                 very
                 many
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Pelops
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Tantalus
                 coming
                 to
                 Pisa
                 ,
                 and
                 desiring
                 to
                 have
                 Hippodamia
                 for
                 his
                 Wife
                 ;
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 saw
                 her
                 ,
                 bribed
                 Myrtilus
                 (
                 Oenomaus's
                 Chariot-driver
                 )
                 to
                 suffer
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 Victor
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 he
                 got
                 to
                 
                 Neptune's
                 Altar
                 in
                 the
                 Isthmus
                 ,
                 before
                 Oenamaus
                 ;
                 who
                 concluding
                 that
                 what
                 the
                 Oracle
                 had
                 foretold
                 ,
                 was
                 now
                 near
                 to
                 be
                 fulfilled
                 ,
                 through
                 grief
                 of
                 Heart
                 was
                 so
                 dejected
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 murther'd
                 himself
                 .
                 Pelops
                 thus
                 gaining
                 Hippodamia
                 ,
                 with
                 her
                 likewise
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Pisa
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 a
                 Valiant
                 and
                 Prudent
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 growing
                 rich
                 besides
                 ,
                 subdu'd
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Countries
                 of
                 ‖
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 called
                 the
                 whole
                 Peninsula
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 .
              
               
                 Since
                 we
                 have
                 made
                 mention
                 of
                 Pelops
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 fit
                 to
                 say
                 something
                 of
                 
                 Tantalus's
                 Father
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 not
                 omit
                 any
                 thing
                 worthy
                 Remark
                 .
                 Tantalus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 was
                 a
                 rich
                 and
                 renowned
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 his
                 Royal
                 Seat
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 now
                 call'd
                 Paphlagonia
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 nobleness
                 of
                 his
                 Birth
                 ,
                 being
                 the
                 Offspring
                 of
                 Jove
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 very
                 Darling
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 themselves
                 .
                 However
                 he
                 us'd
                 not
                 his
                 Prosperity
                 with
                 that
                 Moderation
                 and
                 Humility
                 as
                 became
                 a
                 Mortal
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 admitted
                 to
                 Familiarity
                 and
                 Feasting
                 with
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 discover'd
                 their
                 Secrets
                 to
                 Men
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 only
                 punish'd
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 Living
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 thrust
                 down
                 among
                 the
                 Wicked
                 and
                 Impious
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Histories
                 relate
                 )
                 to
                 suffer
                 Eternal
                 Torments
                 after
                 Death
                 .
                 This
                 Tantalus
                 had
                 Pelops
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Daughter
                 nam'd
                 Niobe
                 ,
                 †
                 who
                 had
                 Seven
                 Sons
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 Daughters
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 extraordinary
                 Beauties
                 :
                 Being
                 proud
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 her
                 Children
                 ,
                 she
                 often
                 boasted
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 her
                 fruitfulness
                 ,
                 she
                 excell'd
                 *
                 Latona
                 her self
                 :
                 At
                 which
                 the
                 Goddess
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 was
                 so
                 enrag'd
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 commanded
                 Apollo
                 with
                 his
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 to
                 kill
                 the
                 Sons
                 ,
                 and
                 Diana
                 with
                 hers
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughters
                 ;
                 who
                 executing
                 their
                 Mothers
                 Commands
                 ,
                 slew
                 all
                 the
                 Children
                 at
                 once
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 Niobe
                 who
                 abounded
                 with
                 Children
                 ,
                 was
                 childless
                 at
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 moment
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 because
                 Tantalus
                 being
                 hated
                 by
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 was
                 expell'd
                 out
                 of
                 Paphlagonia
                 by
                 Ilus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Tros
                 ,
                 something
                 is
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 said
                 concerning
                 Ilus
                 and
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 first
                 that
                 reign'd
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Troas
                 ,
                 was
                 Teucer
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 
                 Scamander
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Nymph
                 Idaea
                 ;
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 brave
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Teucri
                 to
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 a
                 Daughter
                 call'd
                 Batea
                 ,
                 whom
                 Dardanus
                 marry'd
                 ,
                 and
                 succeeded
                 Teucer
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 and
                 ordered
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 be
                 call'd
                 
                 from
                 him
                 Dardanians
                 ;
                 and
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 near
                 the
                 Sea
                 Shore
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 it
                 Dardanum
                 .
                 
                 He
                 had
                 a
                 Son
                 nam'd
                 Erichthonius
                 ,
                 a
                 Prosperous
                 and
                 Wealthy
                 Prince
                 ;
                 of
                 whom
                 the
                 Poet
                 Homer
                 writes
                 thus
                 —
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   None
                   richer
                   was
                   of
                   all
                   Men
                   under
                   th'
                   Sun
                   ,
                
                 
                   Whose
                   brave
                   Three
                   Thousand
                   Mares
                   in
                   th'
                   Meads
                   did
                   run
                   .
                
              
               
                 Tros
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Erichthonius
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 him
                 the
                 People
                 were
                 nam'd
                 Trojans
                 ;
                 he
                 had
                 Three
                 Sons
                 ,
                 
                   Ilus
                   ,
                   Assaracus
                
                 and
                 
                   Ganimede
                   ;
                   Ilus
                
                 built
                 a
                 noble
                 City
                 in
                 the
                 Champain
                 Country
                 of
                 Troas
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 call'd
                 Ilium
                 ;
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Ilus
                 was
                 
                   Lao
                   〈…〉
                   don
                
                 ,
                 whose
                 Sons
                 were
                 Tithonus
                 and
                 
                   Priam
                   :
                   Tithonus
                
                 led
                 an
                 Army
                 into
                 the
                 Eastern
                 Parts
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 pierc'd
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 Aethiopia
                 ,
                 whence
                 rose
                 the
                 Story
                 of
                 Memnon
                 ,
                 being
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Aurora
                 ;
                 which
                 Memnon
                 brought
                 aid
                 to
                 the
                 Trojans
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 kill'd
                 by
                 Achilles
                 .
              
               
                 Priam
                 marry'd
                 Hecuba
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 her
                 (
                 besides
                 many
                 other
                 Sons
                 )
                 had
                 Hector
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 especially
                 remarkable
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 in
                 the
                 Trojan
                 War.
                 Asaracus
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Dardanians
                 ,
                 had
                 Capys
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 the
                 Father
                 of
                 Anchises
                 ,
                 who
                 of
                 Venus
                 begat
                 Aeneas
                 ,
                 a
                 Famous
                 Man
                 among
                 the
                 
                   Trojans
                   .
                   Ganymede
                
                 lastly
                 was
                 extraordinary
                 beautiful
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 reported
                 to
                 be
                 caught
                 up
                 to
                 Heaven
                 by
                 the
                 Gods
                 to
                 be
                 
                 Jupiter's
                 Cup-bearer
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 from
                 these
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 proceed
                 to
                 Daedalus
                 and
                 the
                 Minotaur
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Expedition
                 of
                 Minos
                 into
                 Sicily
                 against
                 King
                 Cocalus
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 V.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   Daedalus
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   Works
                   in
                   
                     Crete
                     ,
                     Sicily
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   elsewhere
                   .
                   His
                   Flight
                   into
                   
                     Sicily
                     :
                     Minos
                  
                   invades
                   Sicily
                   ;
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   his
                   Death
                   there
                   .
                   The
                   Famous
                   Temple
                   of
                   the
                   Curetes
                   or
                   Corybantes
                   in
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   built
                   by
                   the
                   Posterity
                   of
                   the
                   Cretians
                   that
                   came
                   there
                   with
                   Minos
                   .
                   The
                   Pedigree
                   of
                   Aristeus
                   ;
                   his
                   Acts
                   ;
                   his
                   Son
                   Acteon
                   .
                   of
                   
                     Eryx
                     .
                     Venus
                  
                   her
                   Temple
                   in
                   Eryx
                   in
                   Sicily
                   ;
                   the
                   Fame
                   of
                   it
                   .
                   Of
                   Daphnis
                   the
                   Shepherd
                   .
                   A
                   Description
                   of
                   the
                   Herean
                   Mountains
                   .
                   Of
                   Orion
                   .
                   Of
                   the
                   Streight
                   of
                   Messina
                   .
                
              
               
                 DAedalus
                 was
                 an
                 Athenian
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Family
                 of
                 the
                 Ericthidae
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 
                 Son
                 of
                 *
                 Hymetion
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Eupalamus
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Erechtheus
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 extraordinary
                 Ingenious
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 studious
                 in
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Architecture
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 an
                 excellent
                 Statuary
                 ,
                 and
                 Engraver
                 upon
                 Stone
                 ,
                 and
                 improv'd
                 those
                 Arts
                 with
                 many
                 notable
                 Inventions
                 .
                 He
                 made
                 many
                 wonderful
                 Pieces
                 of
                 Work
                 in
                 several
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 far
                 excell'd
                 in
                 the
                 framing
                 and
                 cutting
                 of
                 Statues
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 long
                 after
                 him
                 ,
                 report
                 that
                 the
                 Statues
                 he
                 made
                 ,
                 did
                 resemble
                 living
                 Men
                 even
                 to
                 the
                 Life
                 .
                 For
                 their
                 Symmetry
                 was
                 so
                 exact
                 and
                 perfect
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 and
                 frame
                 of
                 Motion
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 Composure
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 lively
                 Representation
                 of
                 Living
                 Creatures
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 in
                 Statues
                 exprest
                 the
                 direct
                 and
                 lively
                 aspect
                 of
                 the
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 progressive
                 Motion
                 of
                 the
                 Legs
                 and
                 Thighs
                 ,
                 and
                 stretching
                 forth
                 of
                 the
                 Hands
                 and
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 was
                 justly
                 admir'd
                 by
                 all
                 :
                 For
                 those
                 Artists
                 that
                 were
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 fram'd
                 their
                 Images
                 with
                 blinking
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 Heads
                 hanging
                 down
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 glu'd
                 to
                 their
                 sides
                 .
                 But
                 though
                 Daedalus
                 was
                 thus
                 admir'd
                 for
                 his
                 exquisite
                 Skill
                 in
                 this
                 Art
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fly
                 his
                 Country
                 for
                 a
                 Murther
                 committed
                 upon
                 the
                 occasion
                 following
                 .
                 ‑
                 
                   Talus
                   Daedalus
                
                 his
                 Sister's
                 Son
                 ,
                 being
                 but
                 a
                 Young
                 Boy
                 ,
                 was
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 bred
                 
                 up
                 with
                 his
                 Uncle
                 ,
                 to
                 learn
                 his
                 Trade
                 .
                 This
                 Talus
                 for
                 Ingenuity
                 excell'd
                 his
                 Master
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 invented
                 the
                 Potter's
                 Wheel
                 :
                 He
                 got
                 likewise
                 a
                 Serpent's
                 Jaw-bone
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 it
                 saw'd
                 a
                 little
                 piece
                 of
                 Wood
                 asunder
                 ;
                 then
                 in
                 imitation
                 of
                 the
                 Tooth
                 in
                 the
                 Jaw
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 the
                 like
                 in
                 Iron
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 he
                 found
                 out
                 an
                 Instrument
                 for
                 the
                 sawing
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Pieces
                 of
                 Timber
                 ,
                 exceeding
                 useful
                 ,
                 and
                 tending
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 furtherance
                 and
                 ease
                 of
                 all
                 Architects
                 .
                 He
                 invented
                 likewise
                 the
                 Turner's
                 Lath
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Tools
                 for
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Architects
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 account
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 great
                 Esteem
                 and
                 Reputation
                 .
                 Daedalus
                 hereat
                 burnt
                 with
                 Rage
                 and
                 Envy
                 against
                 the
                 poor
                 Boy
                 ,
                 and
                 fearing
                 he
                 would
                 grow
                 far
                 more
                 famous
                 than
                 himself
                 ,
                 secretly
                 murder'd
                 him
                 .
                 Being
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 just
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 laying
                 the
                 Carcass
                 in
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 askt
                 what
                 he
                 was
                 burying
                 ?
                 He
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 covering
                 a
                 Serpent
                 with
                 Earth
                 .
                 Here
                 it
                 's
                 very
                 worthy
                 of
                 Remark
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 same
                 Creature
                 that
                 was
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 making
                 of
                 the
                 Saw
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 also
                 the
                 means
                 of
                 discovery
                 of
                 the
                 Murther
                 .
                 Being
                 therefore
                 brought
                 to
                 his
                 Trial
                 at
                 the
                 Court
                 of
                 the
                 Areopagites
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 condemn'd
                 to
                 dye
                 for
                 the
                 Murder
                 ;
                 he
                 first
                 fled
                 to
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 †
                 People
                 in
                 Attica
                 ,
                 who
                 from
                 him
                 were
                 call'd
                 Daedalians
                 :
                 Thence
                 he
                 got
                 into
                 Crete
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 much
                 admir'd
                 for
                 his
                 Art
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 great
                 favour
                 with
                 King
                 Minos
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 commonly
                 reported
                 )
                 Pasiphae
                 the
                 Queen
                 ,
                 Minos
                 his
                 Wife
                 ,
                 
                 burning
                 in
                 her
                 Lust
                 after
                 a
                 Bull
                 ,
                 he
                 fram'd
                 an
                 Engin
                 like
                 to
                 a
                 Cow
                 ,
                 and
                 helpt
                 her
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 to
                 satisfy
                 her
                 Lust
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 before
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 Minos
                 Yearly
                 sacrific'd
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 largest
                 Bull
                 in
                 the
                 Herd
                 to
                 Neptune
                 ;
                 and
                 once
                 there
                 being
                 a
                 most
                 lovely
                 Beast
                 in
                 the
                 Herd
                 ,
                 a
                 worse
                 was
                 pickt
                 out
                 to
                 be
                 sacrific'd
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 Neptune
                 was
                 so
                 incens'd
                 at
                 Minos
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 caus'd
                 his
                 Wife
                 Pasiphae
                 to
                 go
                 Mad
                 for
                 Love
                 after
                 the
                 Bull
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Daedalus
                 ,
                 she
                 prostituted
                 her self
                 to
                 the
                 Beast
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 forth
                 the
                 Minotaur
                 so
                 famous
                 in
                 ancient
                 Stories
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 ascribe
                 a
                 double
                 nature
                 to
                 this
                 Creature
                 ,
                 that
                 from
                 the
                 Head
                 to
                 the
                 
                 Shoulders
                 ,
                 he
                 resembled
                 a
                 Bull
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 lower
                 Parts
                 was
                 like
                 to
                 a
                 Man.
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 the
                 keeping
                 and
                 feeding
                 of
                 this
                 Monster
                 ,
                 Daedalus
                 built
                 the
                 Labyrinth
                 full
                 of
                 windings
                 and
                 turnings
                 ,
                 this
                 way
                 and
                 that
                 way
                 ,
                 impossible
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 out
                 by
                 any
                 Stranger
                 before
                 unacquainted
                 .
                 Here
                 it
                 was
                 that
                 the
                 Minotaur
                 devour'd
                 the
                 Seven
                 Boys
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 number
                 of
                 Girls
                 Yearly
                 sent
                 thither
                 from
                 Athens
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 declar'd
                 .
              
               
                 Daedalus
                 being
                 inform'd
                 of
                 Minos
                 his
                 Threats
                 for
                 making
                 of
                 the
                 Cow
                 ,
                 fearing
                 the
                 Rage
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 Queen
                 got
                 on
                 Shipboard
                 ,
                 and
                 secretly
                 escap'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 .
                 Icarus
                 his
                 Son
                 fled
                 away
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 a
                 certain
                 Island
                 ,
                 situated
                 in
                 the
                 Ocean
                 far
                 off
                 from
                 any
                 Land
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Young
                 Man
                 being
                 too
                 rash
                 ,
                 and
                 hasty
                 to
                 Land
                 ,
                 dropt
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 perish'd
                 ;
                 from
                 whom
                 it
                 's
                 call'd
                 the
                 Icarian
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Island
                 Icaria
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 hence
                 Daedalus
                 sail'd
                 into
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 landed
                 there
                 where
                 Cocalus
                 reign'd
                 ,
                 who
                 receiv'd
                 him
                 very
                 courteously
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 great
                 skill
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Fame
                 that
                 went
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 made
                 him
                 his
                 Bosom
                 Friend
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 report
                 this
                 Story
                 concerning
                 him
                 ,
                 That
                 Daedalus
                 continuing
                 still
                 in
                 Crete
                 ,
                 was
                 hid
                 by
                 
                   Pasiphae
                   ;
                   Minos
                
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 making
                 diligent
                 search
                 after
                 him
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 punish
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 find
                 him
                 out
                 ,
                 he
                 promis'd
                 great
                 Rewards
                 to
                 such
                 as
                 should
                 discover
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 Daedalus
                 utterly
                 despairing
                 to
                 get
                 away
                 by
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 made
                 for
                 himself
                 and
                 Son
                 ,
                 artificial
                 Wings
                 ,
                 joynted
                 and
                 compacted
                 in
                 a
                 wonderful
                 manner
                 with
                 Wax
                 ,
                 and
                 fastn'd
                 them
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 and
                 his
                 Son's
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 them
                 Daedalus
                 suddenly
                 flew
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 over
                 the
                 Cretian
                 Sea
                 :
                 But
                 Icarus
                 soaring
                 too
                 high
                 (
                 such
                 is
                 the
                 folly
                 of
                 Young
                 Men
                 )
                 fell
                 down
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 the
                 Sun
                 melting
                 the
                 Wax
                 wherewith
                 the
                 Feathers
                 of
                 the
                 Wings
                 were
                 joyn'd
                 together
                 .
                 But
                 his
                 Father
                 flying
                 low
                 near
                 the
                 Surface
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 sprinkling
                 his
                 Wings
                 in
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 pass'd
                 over
                 safe
                 into
                 Sicily
                 .
                 Though
                 this
                 may
                 seem
                 an
                 absurd
                 Fable
                 ,
                 yet
                 we
                 judg'd
                 it
                 not
                 sit
                 to
                 be
                 past
                 by
                 .
              
               
                 Daedalus
                 staid
                 with
                 Cocalus
                 and
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 and
                 esteem'd
                 by
                 all
                 for
                 his
                 excellent
                 Art
                 and
                 Skill
                 in
                 his
                 Profession
                 :
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 Works
                 of
                 his
                 there
                 that
                 remain
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 the
                 Territory
                 of
                 Megaris
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 Fish-pond
                 with
                 wonderful
                 Art
                 ,
                 through
                 which
                 the
                 great
                 River
                 
                 Alabone
                 emptied
                 it self
                 into
                 the
                 Sea.
                 He
                 built
                 likewise
                 a
                 City
                 (
                 now
                 call'd
                 Agrigentina
                 in
                 Camacus
                 )
                 upon
                 a
                 Rock
                 so
                 strong
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 inexpugnable
                 .
                 The
                 
                 Passage
                 to
                 it
                 was
                 so
                 straight
                 and
                 winding
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Place
                 might
                 be
                 easily
                 defended
                 
                 by
                 Three
                 or
                 Four
                 Men.
                 Therefore
                 Cocalus
                 here
                 built
                 a
                 Palace
                 ,
                 and
                 treasur'd
                 up
                 all
                 his
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Place
                 (
                 through
                 this
                 Architect's
                 ingenious
                 Contrivance
                 )
                 wonderfully
                 secure
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Third
                 Place
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 Cave
                 in
                 the
                 Territory
                 of
                 Selementa
                 ,
                 
                 in
                 which
                 by
                 Fire
                 there
                 under
                 Ground
                 ,
                 a
                 warm
                 Steam
                 was
                 so
                 artificially
                 rais'd
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 it's
                 moderate
                 heat
                 ,
                 it
                 caus'd
                 a
                 gentle
                 Sweat
                 ,
                 and
                 gradually
                 cur'd
                 many
                 that
                 resorted
                 thither
                 of
                 their
                 Distempers
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Pleasure
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 uneasiness
                 from
                 the
                 Heat
                 .
                 And
                 whereas
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 high
                 and
                 craggy
                 Rock
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Eryx
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 room
                 to
                 build
                 but
                 upon
                 the
                 highest
                 and
                 craggiest
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 strait
                 and
                 narrow
                 Passages
                 about
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Venus
                 ,
                 he
                 drew
                 a
                 Wall
                 round
                 the
                 very
                 Top
                 ,
                 and
                 plain'd
                 and
                 inlarg'd
                 it
                 in
                 
                 a
                 wonderful
                 manner
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 ,
                 he
                 likewise
                 made
                 a
                 Golden
                 Honey-Comb
                 (
                 dedicated
                 to
                 
                   Venus
                   Erycina
                
                 )
                 with
                 such
                 exquisite
                 Art
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 like
                 to
                 a
                 true
                 and
                 
                 real
                 one
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 could
                 ever
                 be
                 comparable
                 to
                 it
                 .
                 He
                 wrought
                 many
                 other
                 excellent
                 Pieces
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 which
                 length
                 of
                 Time
                 has
                 worn
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 consum'd
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Minos
                 King
                 of
                 Crete
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 the
                 Dominion
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 hearing
                 that
                 Daedalus
                 was
                 fled
                 into
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 proclaim'd
                 War
                 against
                 that
                 Island
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 rigg'd
                 out
                 a
                 mighty
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 he
                 set
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 arriv'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 from
                 him
                 call'd
                 Minoa
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 landed
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 to
                 Cocalus
                 ,
                 to
                 demand
                 the
                 delivery
                 up
                 of
                 Daedalus
                 to
                 Justice
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 Minos
                 and
                 Cocalus
                 came
                 to
                 an
                 interview
                 ,
                 and
                 Cocalus
                 promis'd
                 to
                 do
                 all
                 that
                 Minos
                 requir'd
                 ,
                 and
                 entertain'd
                 him
                 with
                 all
                 honourable
                 Respect
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 Bath
                 ,
                 Cocalus
                 kept
                 him
                 there
                 so
                 long
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 stiffl'd
                 with
                 the
                 steam
                 and
                 heat
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 deliver'd
                 his
                 Body
                 to
                 the
                 Cretians
                 that
                 came
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 pretending
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 by
                 slipping
                 accidentally
                 into
                 the
                 Hot
                 and
                 Scalding
                 Baths
                 .
                 His
                 Souldiers
                 bury'd
                 him
                 with
                 great
                 Pomp
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 him
                 a
                 double
                 Sepulcher
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 lower
                 part
                 whereof
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Vault
                 ,
                 they
                 deposited
                 his
                 Bones
                 ,
                 and
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 higher
                 Part
                 that
                 was
                 open
                 to
                 the
                 view
                 ,
                 they
                 erected
                 a
                 Temple
                 to
                 Venus
                 ,
                 which
                 for
                 many
                 Ages
                 after
                 was
                 so
                 ador'd
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 offer'd
                 Sacrifices
                 there
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 a
                 Temple
                 peculiarly
                 consecrated
                 to
                 her
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 later
                 Times
                 ,
                 when
                 Agrigentum
                 was
                 built
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 then
                 discover'd
                 that
                 the
                 Bones
                 were
                 there
                 bury'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Sepulcher
                 was
                 wholly
                 ruin'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Bones
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Cretians
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 Thero
                 was
                 Sovereign
                 Lord
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 .
                 The
                 Cretians
                 that
                 were
                 thus
                 brought
                 over
                 into
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Minos
                 ,
                 having
                 then
                 no
                 King
                 ,
                 fell
                 at
                 odds
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 rais'd
                 a
                 great
                 Tumult
                 .
                 But
                 their
                 Ships
                 being
                 all
                 burnt
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Sicilians
                   ,
                   Cocalus
                
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 hope
                 ever
                 to
                 return
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 settle
                 themselves
                 in
                 Sicily
                 .
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 from
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 their
                 King
                 they
                 call'd
                 Minoa
                 .
                 Another
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 went
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 heart
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 possessing
                 themselves
                 of
                 a
                 Place
                 naturally
                 very
                 strong
                 ,
                 there
                 built
                 Engium
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 a
                 Fountain
                 there
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Destruction
                 of
                 Troy
                 ,
                 they
                 receiv'd
                 Merion
                 ,
                 with
                 other
                 Cretians
                 that
                 were
                 cast
                 upon
                 Sicily
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Nation
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 them
                 
                 Members
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 making
                 frequent
                 Inroads
                 into
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Country
                 ,
                 from
                 so
                 strong
                 a
                 Fort
                 ,
                 they
                 subdu'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Borderers
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 some
                 small
                 Territory
                 ;
                 afterwards
                 being
                 grown
                 wealthy
                 ,
                 they
                 built
                 a
                 Temple
                 to
                 the
                 *
                 Curetes
                 or
                 Corybantes
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 religiously
                 ador'd
                 those
                 Goddesses
                 and
                 adorn'd
                 their
                 Temple
                 with
                 many
                 rich
                 Gifts
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 ,
                 these
                 Goddesses
                 came
                 into
                 Cicily
                 out
                 of
                 Crete
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 most
                 especially
                 ador'd
                 and
                 honour'd
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 reported
                 that
                 they
                 privatly
                 bred
                 up
                 and
                 conceal'd
                 Jupiter
                 from
                 his
                 Father
                 Saturn
                 .
                 In
                 reward
                 of
                 which
                 Kindness
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 taken
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Heavens
                 and
                 plac'd
                 among
                 the
                 Stars
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 make
                 the
                 Constellation
                 call'd
                 *
                 Arctos
                 .
                 Of
                 whom
                 Aratus
                 (
                 agreeable
                 hereunto
                 )
                 in
                 his
                 Poem
                 of
                 the
                 Stars
                 ,
                 speaks
                 thus
                 —
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   Vpon
                   their
                   Shoulders
                   him
                   they
                   bore
                   away
                   ,
                
                 
                   If
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   believe
                   what
                   Stories
                   say
                   :
                
                 
                   From
                   Crete
                   great
                   Jove
                   advanc'd
                   to
                   th'
                   Heavens
                   clear
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   plac'd
                   the
                   Curetes
                   in
                   the
                   Northern
                   Bear.
                
                 
                   For
                   that
                   from
                   's
                   Father
                   Saturn
                   him
                   they
                   hid
                   ,
                
                 
                   When
                   young
                   ;
                   and
                   th'
                   Youth
                   out
                   of
                   all
                   danger
                   rid
                   .
                
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 not
                 fit
                 therefore
                 that
                 we
                 should
                 pass
                 by
                 in
                 silence
                 the
                 piety
                 of
                 these
                 Goddesses
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 their
                 Fame
                 and
                 Reputation
                 amongst
                 all
                 Men.
                 For
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 only
                 ador'd
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 but
                 several
                 of
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Countries
                 worship
                 them
                 with
                 pompous
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Religious
                 Services
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Oracle
                 at
                 Delphos
                 injoyn'd
                 many
                 Cities
                 to
                 give
                 divine
                 Honour
                 to
                 these
                 Goddesses
                 ;
                 promising
                 that
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 bless'd
                 both
                 in
                 their
                 private
                 and
                 publick
                 Concerns
                 .
                 And
                 at
                 length
                 these
                 Goddesses
                 grew
                 so
                 Famous
                 ,
                 that
                 rich
                 Gifts
                 both
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 were
                 dedicated
                 to
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 Offerings
                 are
                 continu'd
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 time
                 of
                 writing
                 this
                 History
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 built
                 to
                 them
                 a
                 most
                 sumptuous
                 Temple
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 greatness
                 of
                 Structure
                 ,
                 and
                 Costlyness
                 of
                 Ornament
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 regard
                 there
                 was
                 not
                 Stone
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 fit
                 for
                 the
                 raising
                 such
                 a
                 Structure
                 ,
                 they
                 took
                 care
                 to
                 have
                 it
                 brought
                 from
                 the
                 Agyrinaeans
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 a
                 *
                 Hundred
                 Furlongs
                 distance
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 way
                 very
                 rough
                 and
                 craggy
                 ,
                 and
                 hard
                 to
                 pass
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 to
                 convey
                 the
                 Stones
                 ,
                 they
                 provided
                 †
                 Wagons
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Yoke
                 of
                 Oxen
                 ;
                 being
                 the
                 better
                 inabled
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 Charge
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Treasures
                 were
                 very
                 large
                 .
                 For
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 our
                 time
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 Three
                 Thousand
                 Oxen
                 dedicated
                 to
                 those
                 Goddesses
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 much
                 Land
                 as
                 rais'd
                 a
                 vast
                 Revenue
                 :
                 But
                 having
                 said
                 enough
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 proceed
                 to
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 Aristaeus
                 .
              
               
                 Aristaeus
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Apollo
                 and
                 Cyrene
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Gypsaeus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Peneus
                 .
                 Of
                 his
                 Birth
                 some
                 tell
                 this
                 Story
                 :
                 They
                 say
                 that
                 Cyrene
                 was
                 very
                 beautiful
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 up
                 at
                 Mount
                 Pelion
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Apollo
                 fell
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 transported
                 her
                 into
                 Lybia
                 ,
                 where
                 in
                 later
                 time
                 was
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 call'd
                 after
                 her
                 Name
                 Cyrene
                 .
                 There
                 Apollo
                 committed
                 his
                 Son
                 Aristaeus
                 ,
                 begotten
                 of
                 Cyrene
                 (
                 then
                 a
                 young
                 Infant
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Nymphs
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 up
                 by
                 them
                 ;
                 who
                 gave
                 him
                 Three
                 several
                 Names
                 ,
                 
                   Norricus
                   ,
                   Aristaeus
                
                 and
                 Agreus
                 .
                 These
                 Nymphs
                 taught
                 him
                 how
                 to
                 *
                 curdle
                 Milk
                 ,
                 to
                 order
                 and
                 make
                 Bee-Hives
                 ,
                 and
                 plant
                 Olive-Yards
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 he
                 became
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 directed
                 all
                 other
                 Men
                 in
                 this
                 Art
                 :
                 For
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 honour'd
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 ador'd
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 God
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 they
                 did
                 Bacchus
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 marry'd
                 Autonoe
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 
                 Cadmus's
                 Daughters
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 Actaeon
                 ,
                 torn
                 in
                 Pieces
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Mythologists
                 
                 say
                 )
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Dogs
                 .
                 Some
                 give
                 this
                 Reason
                 of
                 his
                 Misfortune
                 ,
                 Because
                 that
                 he
                 design'd
                 Nuptial
                 Imbraces
                 with
                 Diana
                 in
                 her
                 †
                 Temple
                 ,
                 dedicating
                 to
                 her
                 what
                 he
                 got
                 in
                 hunting
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 Solemnity
                 .
                 Others
                 say
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 boasted
                 that
                 in
                 hunting
                 ,
                 he
                 excell'd
                 *
                 Diana
                 her self
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 improbable
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 Goddess
                 might
                 be
                 incens'd
                 at
                 either
                 of
                 these
                 .
                 For
                 whether
                 for
                 the
                 gratifying
                 of
                 his
                 Lust
                 by
                 his
                 Prey
                 ,
                 he
                 abus'd
                 the
                 Goddess
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 ever
                 averse
                 from
                 Marriage
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 he
                 dar'd
                 to
                 prefer
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Hunting
                 before
                 her
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 Gods
                 themselves
                 was
                 granted
                 to
                 excel
                 all
                 others
                 in
                 that
                 respect
                 ,
                 the
                 Goddess
                 was
                 certainly
                 most
                 justly
                 angry
                 :
                 It
                 's
                 therefore
                 very
                 probable
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 transform'd
                 into
                 the
                 likeness
                 of
                 those
                 Beasts
                 he
                 us'd
                 to
                 take
                 ,
                 the
                 Dogs
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 pursuit
                 of
                 other
                 Game
                 ,
                 might
                 tear
                 him
                 himself
                 in
                 Pieces
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 
                   Actaeon
                   ,
                   Aristaeus
                
                 went
                 to
                 †
                 his
                 Father
                 the
                 Oracle
                 at
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 commanded
                 by
                 the
                 Oracle
                 to
                 remove
                 into
                 the
                 Island
                 Coos
                 ,
                 who
                 told
                 him
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 there
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 great
                 esteem
                 with
                 the
                 Coons
                 .
              
               
                 Thither
                 therefore
                 he
                 sail'd
                 ;
                 a
                 Plague
                 afterwards
                 raging
                 over
                 all
                 Greece
                 ,
                 he
                 sacrific'd
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 for
                 the
                 deliverance
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 :
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 perfected
                 his
                 Sacrifice
                 about
                 the
                 rising
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Dog
                 Star
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 the
                 Etesian
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 Winds
                 began
                 to
                 rise
                 ,
                 the
                 Plague
                 staid
                 .
                 This
                 remarkable
                 change
                 (
                 if
                 it
                 be
                 seriously
                 
                 considered
                 )
                 may
                 justly
                 be
                 wonder'd
                 at
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 who
                 had
                 his
                 Son
                 torn
                 in
                 Pieces
                 with
                 Dogs
                 ,
                 allay'd
                 the
                 evil
                 Influences
                 of
                 the
                 Dog-Star
                 (
                 which
                 commonly
                 are
                 pernicious
                 )
                 and
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 restor'd
                 Health
                 to
                 many
                 Thousands
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 leaving
                 his
                 Children
                 behind
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 Lybia
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Shipping
                 by
                 the
                 Nymph
                 his
                 Mother
                 ,
                 he
                 sail'd
                 into
                 Sardinia
                 ,
                 where
                 being
                 taken
                 with
                 the
                 pleasantness
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 he
                 feated
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 improved
                 the
                 Ground
                 with
                 Planting
                 and
                 Tillage
                 ,
                 and
                 civiliz'd
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 who
                 were
                 before
                 Rude
                 and
                 Barbarous
                 .
                 Here
                 he
                 begat
                 Two
                 Sons
                 ,
                 Carmus
                 and
                 Calaecarpus
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 sail'd
                 to
                 other
                 Islands
                 ,
                 and
                 staid
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 its
                 Fruitfulness
                 both
                 in
                 Corn
                 and
                 Cattel
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 imparted
                 several
                 things
                 to
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 that
                 were
                 of
                 great
                 Benefit
                 and
                 Advantage
                 .
                 Therefore
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 all
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 Olive-Yards
                 ,
                 ador'd
                 Aristaeus
                 as
                 a
                 God.
                 
              
               
                 At
                 last
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 into
                 Thrace
                 to
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 learnt
                 the
                 Rites
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Orgia
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 his
                 familiar
                 Converse
                 with
                 that
                 God
                 ,
                 was
                 instructed
                 in
                 many
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 both
                 useful
                 and
                 profitable
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 he
                 had
                 liv'd
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 near
                 Mount
                 *
                 Haemus
                 ,
                 he
                 vanish'd
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 never
                 was
                 seen
                 more
                 ;
                 and
                 was
                 afterwards
                 honour'd
                 as
                 a
                 God
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 by
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 Gracians
                 :
                 But
                 concerning
                 Aristaeus
                 ,
                 this
                 shall
                 suffice
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 to
                 say
                 something
                 concerning
                 Daphne
                 and
                 Eryx
                 ;
                 it
                 's
                 reported
                 that
                 Eryx
                 
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Venus
                 and
                 †
                 Butes
                 ,
                 a
                 Native
                 ,
                 a
                 most
                 Famous
                 Prince
                 .
                 This
                 Eryx
                 for
                 the
                 Nobleness
                 of
                 his
                 Birth
                 on
                 the
                 Mothers
                 side
                 ,
                 was
                 of
                 great
                 Esteem
                 among
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 became
                 King
                 of
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 call'd
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 ,
                 upon
                 a
                 high
                 and
                 lofty
                 Hill
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 which
                 within
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 built
                 a
                 Temple
                 to
                 Venus
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 
                 with
                 rich
                 Oblations
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 stately
                 Furniture
                 .
                 The
                 Goddess
                 in
                 reward
                 of
                 the
                 Piety
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 devotion
                 of
                 her
                 Son
                 the
                 Founder
                 ,
                 exprest
                 a
                 special
                 Love
                 and
                 Kindness
                 for
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 that
                 nam'd
                 her self
                 
                   Venus
                   Erycina
                
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 any
                 seriously
                 considers
                 the
                 Majesty
                 of
                 this
                 Temple
                 ,
                 he
                 cannot
                 but
                 greatly
                 admire
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 all
                 other
                 Sacred
                 Structures
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 famous
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 ,
                 have
                 often
                 by
                 the
                 adverse
                 Blasts
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 been
                 at
                 length
                 ruin'd
                 and
                 destroyd
                 ;
                 but
                 this
                 has
                 been
                 so
                 far
                 (
                 from
                 the
                 very
                 first
                 Dedication
                 of
                 it
                 )
                 from
                 decreasing
                 in
                 its
                 Glory
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 has
                 grown
                 still
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 in
                 Reputation
                 and
                 Esteem
                 .
                 For
                 after
                 the
                 Consecration
                 of
                 it
                 by
                 
                   Eyrx
                   ,
                   Aeneas
                
                 another
                 Son
                 of
                 Venus
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 arriv'd
                 in
                 Sicily
                 in
                 his
                 Voyage
                 to
                 Italy
                 ,
                 beautify'd
                 it
                 with
                 many
                 rich
                 Oblations
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 was
                 Consecrated
                 to
                 his
                 Mother
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 him
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 for
                 many
                 Ages
                 together
                 (
                 at
                 great
                 Cost
                 and
                 Expence
                 )
                 ador'd
                 this
                 Goddess
                 with
                 magnificent
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 and
                 further
                 adorn'd
                 her
                 Temple
                 with
                 many
                 great
                 Oblations
                 .
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 also
                 in
                 later
                 times
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 conquer'd
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 still
                 continu'd
                 the
                 splendid
                 Worship
                 of
                 this
                 Goddess
                 .
                 And
                 lastly
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 became
                 Masters
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 ,
                 surpass'd
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 before
                 'em
                 in
                 the
                 Worship
                 of
                 this
                 Deity
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 they
                 did
                 upon
                 good
                 ground
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 deriv'd
                 their
                 Original
                 from
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 her
                 means
                 were
                 prosperous
                 in
                 all
                 their
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 in
                 gratitude
                 for
                 so
                 many
                 Benefits
                 ,
                 they
                 return'd
                 her
                 the
                 greater
                 Honour
                 and
                 Esteem
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Consuls
                 and
                 Praetors
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 that
                 came
                 as
                 Governors
                 into
                 this
                 Island
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 Eryx
                 ,
                 offer'd
                 most
                 magnificent
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 and
                 dedicated
                 rich
                 Gifts
                 for
                 the
                 beautifying
                 of
                 this
                 Temple
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 laid
                 aside
                 their
                 Austerity
                 ,
                 and
                 pleasantly
                 convers'd
                 both
                 with
                 the
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 in
                 their
                 Jollity
                 ,
                 looking
                 upon
                 this
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 only
                 way
                 to
                 ingratiate
                 themselves
                 into
                 the
                 favour
                 of
                 the
                 Goddess
                 .
                 The
                 Roman
                 Senate
                 likewise
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 singular
                 respect
                 to
                 this
                 Goddess
                 ,
                 decreed
                 that
                 Seventeen
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 considing
                 Cities
                 they
                 had
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 should
                 make
                 an
                 Offering
                 in
                 Gold
                 to
                 Venus
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Temple
                 should
                 be
                 continually
                 guarded
                 by
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Soldiers
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 thus
                 though
                 we
                 have
                 treated
                 something
                 largely
                 of
                 Eryx
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Account
                 is
                 not
                 impertinent
                 to
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 Venus
                 .
              
               
               
                 We
                 shall
                 now
                 endeavour
                 to
                 relate
                 what
                 the
                 Mythologists
                 report
                 concerning
                 
                 Daphnis
                 :
                 In
                 Sicily
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 are
                 Mountains
                 call'd
                 Herei
                 ,
                 so
                 pleasant
                 for
                 Situation
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 so
                 sweet
                 an
                 Air
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 Place
                 can
                 be
                 better
                 pitcht
                 upon
                 than
                 they
                 ,
                 for
                 Pleasure
                 and
                 Diversion
                 in
                 the
                 Summer
                 time
                 :
                 For
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 Springs
                 of
                 admirable
                 sweet
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 deckt
                 with
                 Trees
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 whole
                 Woods
                 of
                 tall
                 and
                 stately
                 Oaks
                 ,
                 which
                 bear
                 Acorns
                 of
                 a
                 vast
                 bigness
                 ,
                 twice
                 as
                 many
                 ,
                 and
                 twice
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
               
                 There
                 likewise
                 grows
                 abundance
                 of
                 Roots
                 and
                 Herbs
                 ,
                 natural
                 Vines
                 ,
                 and
                 unspeakable
                 number
                 of
                 *
                 Melons
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 a
                 Carthaginian
                 Army
                 once
                 ready
                 to
                 starve
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 was
                 there
                 reliev'd
                 and
                 preserv'd
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 so
                 many
                 Thousands
                 were
                 there
                 fed
                 ,
                 yet
                 plenty
                 remain'd
                 in
                 the
                 Mountains
                 still
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Region
                 there
                 's
                 a
                 pleasant
                 Valley
                 ,
                 grac'd
                 with
                 Rows
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 affording
                 a
                 most
                 †
                 ravishing
                 prospect
                 to
                 the
                 Eye
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 a
                 Grove
                 dedicated
                 to
                 the
                 Nymphs
                 :
                 Here
                 they
                 say
                 Daphnis
                 was
                 begotten
                 by
                 Mercury
                 upon
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Nymphs
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 that
                 Name
                 from
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 *
                 Laurels
                 that
                 grow
                 there
                 .
                 Being
                 bred
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 Nymphs
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 many
                 Herds
                 of
                 Cattel
                 ,
                 he
                 diligently
                 follow'd
                 the
                 Shepherds
                 Life
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 account
                 he
                 was
                 also
                 call'd
                 †
                 Bubulcus
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 very
                 skilful
                 and
                 ingenious
                 in
                 composing
                 Songs
                 and
                 Tunes
                 ,
                 he
                 found
                 out
                 the
                 Bucolick
                 Poems
                 ,
                 and
                 Harmonious
                 Notes
                 which
                 are
                 much
                 us'd
                 ,
                 and
                 highly
                 esteem'd
                 amongst
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 at
                 this
                 Day
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 likewise
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 often
                 hunted
                 with
                 Diana
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 dutiful
                 observance
                 and
                 attendance
                 upon
                 the
                 Goddess
                 ,
                 mightily
                 gain'd
                 her
                 Favour
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 his
                 Piping
                 and
                 Singing
                 ,
                 wonderfully
                 delighted
                 her
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 likewise
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Nymph
                 falling
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 told
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 lay
                 with
                 any
                 other
                 Woman
                 but
                 her
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 struck
                 blind
                 ;
                 which
                 afterwards
                 prov'd
                 true
                 ,
                 for
                 lying
                 with
                 a
                 King's
                 Daughter
                 who
                 had
                 made
                 him
                 drunk
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 lost
                 his
                 Sight
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 this
                 concerning
                 Daphnis
                 shall
                 suffice
                 .
                 Now
                 we
                 proceed
                 in
                 short
                 to
                 the
                 Story
                 
                 of
                 Orion
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 biggest
                 and
                 strongest
                 Man
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Heroes
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 much
                 given
                 to
                 Hunting
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 so
                 very
                 strong
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 Vain-glory
                 ,
                 perform'd
                 many
                 great
                 Actions
                 .
              
               
                 Amongst
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 by
                 casting
                 up
                 a
                 Mold
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 the
                 Harbour
                 call'd
                 Acte
                 ,
                 for
                 Zanclus
                 the
                 Sicilian
                 King
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 anciently
                 call'd
                 Zancle
                 ,
                 but
                 now
                 Messina
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 since
                 we
                 make
                 mention
                 of
                 Messina
                 ,
                 we
                 conceive
                 it
                 no
                 digression
                 if
                 we
                 here
                 subjoyn
                 what
                 is
                 related
                 concerning
                 the
                 narrow
                 Sea
                 ,
                 whereon
                 it
                 is
                 seated
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 ancient
                 Writers
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 Sicily
                 was
                 once
                 a
                 Peninsula
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 
                 became
                 an
                 Island
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 manner
                 following
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Sea
                 beating
                 violently
                 upon
                 each
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 narrowest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Isthmus
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 cut
                 through
                 and
                 disjoyn'd
                 one
                 part
                 from
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 place
                 from
                 thence
                 was
                 call'd
                 Rhegium
                 ,
                 where
                 many
                 Years
                 after
                 ,
                 was
                 built
                 the
                 City
                 now
                 so
                 call'd
                 .
                 Others
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 that
                 narrow
                 Neck
                 of
                 the
                 Continent
                 ,
                 was
                 rent
                 asunder
                 by
                 an
                 Earthquake
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 the
                 Sea
                 burst
                 into
                 that
                 part
                 where
                 the
                 Convulsion
                 was
                 made
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Poet
                 Hesiod
                 affirms
                 the
                 contrary
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 says
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sea
                 being
                 formerly
                 broader
                 ,
                 Orion
                 rais'd
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Sea
                 ,
                 the
                 Promontary
                 Pelorus
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 upon
                 it
                 a
                 Temple
                 to
                 Neptune
                 ,
                 religiously
                 ador'd
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 After
                 the
                 performing
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 they
                 report
                 that
                 he
                 sail'd
                 into
                 Eubaea
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 resided
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 for
                 the
                 glory
                 of
                 his
                 Actions
                 ,
                 being
                 fix'd
                 as
                 a
                 Constellation
                 amongst
                 the
                 Stars
                 ,
                 his
                 Name
                 became
                 Famous
                 to
                 Eternity
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 the
                 Poet
                 Homer
                 makes
                 mention
                 in
                 his
                 Poem
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 ,
                 in
                 these
                 Words
                 :
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Next
                   vast
                   Orion
                   his
                   appearance
                   made
                   ,
                
                 
                   Hunting
                   Wild
                   Beasts
                   within
                   a
                   Fruitful
                   Mead
                   ,
                
                 
                   Which
                   on
                   th'
                   wast
                   Mountains
                   he
                   had
                   kill'd
                   before
                   ,
                
                 
                   When
                   once
                   a
                   brazen
                   Knotted
                   Club
                   he
                   bore
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 Where
                 likewise
                 he
                 takes
                 notice
                 of
                 his
                 great
                 Bulk
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 little
                 after
                 making
                 mention
                 of
                 Aloiades
                 ,
                 he
                 adds
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 Nine
                 Years
                 of
                 Age
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 †
                 Four
                 Yards
                 and
                 an
                 half
                 in
                 thickness
                 ,
                 and
                 Eighteen
                 Yards
                 in
                 height
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   His
                   Mother
                   Earth
                   his
                   Body
                   did
                   so
                   rear
                   ,
                
                 
                   That
                   none
                   for
                   Height
                   and
                   Beauty
                   might
                   compare
                
                 
                   With
                   him
                   ;
                   except
                   Orion
                   who
                   excell'd
                
                 
                   In
                   both
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   him
                   more
                   than
                   parallell'd
                   .
                
              
               
                 Having
                 now
                 treated
                 sufficiently
                 of
                 the
                 Heroes
                 and
                 Demy-Gods
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 we
                 at
                 first
                 design'd
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 here
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 this
                 Book
                 .
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               THE
               Historical
               Library
               OF
               
                 Diodorus
                 the
                 Sicilian
              
               .
               BOOK
               V.
               
            
             
               
                 The
                 PREFACE
                 .
              
               
                 
                   IT
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   special
                   care
                   of
                   all
                   Historians
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   in
                   their
                   Writings
                   to
                   observe
                   whatever
                   may
                   be
                   useful
                   and
                   profitable
                   ,
                   but
                   also
                   to
                   keep
                   to
                   a
                   due
                   Order
                   and
                   Method
                   in
                   the
                   several
                   parts
                   of
                   their
                   History
                   .
                   This
                   not
                   only
                   conduces
                   much
                   to
                   direct
                   and
                   caution
                   private
                   Persons
                   how
                   to
                   get
                   and
                   keep
                   Estates
                   ,
                   but
                   is
                   an
                   extraordinary
                   help
                   to
                   Writers
                   ,
                   in
                   composing
                   of
                   their
                   Historical
                   Treatises
                   .
                   For
                   some
                   there
                   are
                   ,
                   that
                   though
                   they
                   are
                   justly
                   in
                   high
                   Esteem
                   for
                   their
                   Eloquent
                   Style
                   ,
                   and
                   Variety
                   of
                   Learning
                   discover'd
                   in
                   their
                   Writings
                   ,
                   yet
                   have
                   been
                   too
                   careless
                   in
                   distributing
                   their
                   Matter
                   under
                   proper
                   Heads
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   though
                   the
                   Readers
                   may
                   easily
                   discern
                   their
                   great
                   Pains
                   and
                   Industry
                   ,
                   yet
                   their
                   manner
                   of
                   Writing
                   deserves
                   justly
                   to
                   be
                   censur'd
                   .
                
                 Timaeus
                 
                   indeed
                   was
                   very
                   exact
                   in
                   his
                   Chronology
                   ,
                   and
                   extraordinarily
                   industrious
                   to
                   abound
                   in
                   variety
                   of
                   Relations
                   ;
                   but
                   for
                   his
                   unseasonable
                   and
                   immoderate
                   Censures
                
                 
                 
                   of
                   others
                   ,
                   may
                   be
                   justly
                   tax'd
                   and
                   reprehended
                   himself
                   ;
                   who
                   for
                   his
                   unbounded
                   Liberty
                   that
                   he
                   takes
                   in
                   this
                   bitter
                   Censuring
                   ,
                   is
                   call'd
                   by
                   some
                   ,
                   the
                
                 *
                 Detracter
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Ephorus
                 ,
                 
                   on
                   the
                   contrary
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Vniversal
                   History
                   ,
                   acts
                   the
                   part
                   of
                   an
                   excellent
                   Historian
                   ,
                   both
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Elegancy
                   of
                   his
                   Style
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   accurate
                   Method
                   :
                   For
                   he
                   divides
                   his
                   Books
                   according
                   to
                   their
                   several
                   Subjects
                   ,
                   keeping
                   close
                   in
                   every
                   Book
                   to
                   things
                   of
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   nature
                   .
                   Which
                   way
                   and
                   order
                   of
                   Writing
                   ,
                   I
                   approve
                   above
                   all
                   others
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   shall
                   endeavour
                   to
                   imitate
                   him
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   I
                   can
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 
                   
                     A
                     Description
                     of
                  
                   Sicily
                   .
                   The
                   Aeolides
                   or
                   Lipari
                   
                     〈…〉
                     nds
                     .
                     Of
                  
                   Malta
                   ,
                   Gaulus
                   ,
                   Cercina
                   ,
                   Corsica
                   ,
                   Sardinia
                   ,
                   Pityusa
                   
                     and
                     the
                  
                   Baleares
                   .
                
              
               
                 HAving
                 *
                 design'd
                 this
                 Book
                 for
                 a
                 Description
                 of
                 the
                 Islands
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 first
                 begin
                 with
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 being
                 the
                 chiefest
                 and
                 most
                 remarkable
                 for
                 Ancient
                 and
                 Memorable
                 Actions
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 was
                 anciently
                 call'd
                 †
                 Trinacria
                 ,
                 from
                 its
                 Shape
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 by
                 the
                 Sicanians
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 call'd
                 Sicania
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 it
                 was
                 call'd
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 People
                 entirely
                 transported
                 themselves
                 thither
                 out
                 of
                 Italy
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Circuit
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 *
                 Four
                 Thousand
                 ,
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Sixty
                 Furlongs
                 :
                 For
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Three
                 Sides
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Promontory
                 Pelorus
                 to
                 Lilibeum
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 Thousand
                 and
                 Seven
                 Hundred
                 Furlongs
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 from
                 Lilibeum
                 to
                 Pachinum
                 ,
                 a
                 Promontory
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 runs
                 out
                 in
                 length
                 a
                 Thousand
                 and
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 Furlongs
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 contains
                 a
                 Thousand
                 ,
                 One
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Forty
                 Furlongs
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 from
                 old
                 Tradition
                 ,
                 continu'd
                 down
                 to
                 them
                 from
                 their
                 Fore-fathers
                 ,
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Island
                 is
                 dedicated
                 to
                 Ceres
                 and
                 Proserpine
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 Poets
                 feign
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 the
                 Marriage
                 of
                 Pluto
                 and
                 Proserpine
                 ,
                 this
                 Island
                 was
                 given
                 to
                 the
                 new
                 Bride
                 ,
                 by
                 Jupiter
                 for
                 a
                 †
                 Present
                 .
                 
                 The
                 most
                 approv'd
                 Authors
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sicanians
                 who
                 were
                 the
                 ancient
                 Possessors
                 ,
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 natural
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 this
                 Isle
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Goddesses
                 which
                 we
                 have
                 before-mention'd
                 ,
                 appear'd
                 first
                 in
                 this
                 Island
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 fatness
                 of
                 the
                 Soyl
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 Corn
                 first
                 grew
                 here
                 of
                 it self
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 most
                 Eminent
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Poets
                 confirms
                 in
                 these
                 Words
                 —
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Within
                   this
                   Island
                   all
                   things
                   grow
                   ,
                
                 
                   Without
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   Seed
                   or
                   Plow
                   ,
                
                 
                   As
                   Wheat
                   and
                   Barley
                   ;
                   with
                   the
                   Vine
                   ,
                
                 
                   From
                   whence
                   proceeds
                   both
                   Grapes
                   and
                   Wine
                   ,
                
                 
                   Which
                   with
                   sweet
                   Showers
                   from
                   above
                
                 
                   Are
                   brought
                   to
                   ripeness
                   by
                   great
                   Jove
                   .
                
              
               
                 For
                 in
                 the
                 Territory
                 of
                 Leontium
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 many
                 other
                 Parts
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 there
                 grows
                 up
                 wild
                 Wheat
                 at
                 this
                 very
                 Day
                 .
                 If
                 it
                 be
                 ask'd
                 in
                 what
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 these
                 Grains
                 were
                 first
                 known
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Corn
                 was
                 found
                 out
                 ;
                 it
                 's
                 most
                 probable
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 first
                 brought
                 to
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 richest
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 upon
                 that
                 Account
                 ,
                 we
                 see
                 that
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 most
                 especially
                 worship
                 those
                 Goddesses
                 who
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 Discoverers
                 of
                 these
                 Fruits
                 .
                 That
                 the
                 Rape
                 of
                 Proserpine
                 was
                 in
                 this
                 Country
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 is
                 most
                 clear
                 and
                 evident
                 from
                 hence
                 ,
                 that
                 neither
                 of
                 these
                 †
                 Goddesses
                 ever
                 resided
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 Place
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 this
                 Island
                 ,
                 wherein
                 they
                 delighted
                 above
                 all
                 others
                 .
                 The
                 Rape
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 Meadows
                 of
                 Enna
                 ,
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 a
                 Place
                 deck'd
                 with
                 Violets
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 other
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 affording
                 a
                 most
                 beautiful
                 and
                 pleasant
                 Prospect
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 fragrancy
                 of
                 the
                 Flowers
                 is
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Dogs
                 sent
                 out
                 to
                 hunt
                 the
                 Game
                 ,
                 thereby
                 lose
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 their
                 Sense
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 made
                 incapable
                 by
                 their
                 Scent
                 to
                 find
                 out
                 the
                 Prey
                 .
                 This
                 Meadow-ground
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 and
                 highest
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 Champain
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 water'd
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 the
                 Borders
                 round
                 are
                 craggy
                 ,
                 guarded
                 with
                 high
                 and
                 steep
                 Precipices
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 supposed
                 to
                 lye
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 Heart
                 of
                 Sicily
                 :
                 Whence
                 it
                 's
                 call'd
                 by
                 some
                 the
                 Navel
                 of
                 Sicily
                 :
                 Near
                 
                 at
                 hand
                 are
                 Groves
                 ,
                 Meadows
                 and
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 surrounded
                 with
                 Morasses
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 deep
                 
                 Cave
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Passage
                 under
                 Ground
                 opening
                 towards
                 the
                 North
                 ,
                 through
                 which
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 Pluto
                 pass'd
                 in
                 his
                 Chariot
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 forc'd
                 away
                 Proserpine
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Place
                 the
                 Violets
                 and
                 other
                 sweet
                 Flowers
                 flourish
                 continually
                 all
                 the
                 Year
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 present
                 a
                 pleasant
                 and
                 delightsom
                 Prospect
                 to
                 the
                 Beholders
                 all
                 over
                 the
                 flourishing
                 Plain
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 Minerva
                 and
                 Diana
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 both
                 vow'd
                 Virginity
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 Proserpine
                 ,
                 were
                 bred
                 up
                 together
                 with
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 Three
                 wrought
                 a
                 Gown
                 for
                 Jupiter
                 their
                 Father
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Flowers
                 they
                 had
                 gather'd
                 in
                 Company
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 exceedingly
                 delighted
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 familiar
                 Converse
                 they
                 injoy'd
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 chose
                 out
                 a
                 particular
                 Place
                 for
                 their
                 several
                 Residences
                 .
                 Minerva
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 those
                 Parts
                 near
                 Himaera
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Nymphs
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 Minerva
                 open'd
                 the
                 Hot
                 Baths
                 about
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Hercules
                 his
                 coming
                 thither
                 .
                 The
                 Inhabitants
                 likewise
                 dedicated
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 her
                 (
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 call'd
                 Athenaeum
                 )
                 with
                 the
                 Country
                 round
                 about
                 .
                 To
                 Diana
                 was
                 allotted
                 by
                 the
                 Goddesses
                 the
                 Island
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 which
                 from
                 her
                 was
                 call'd
                 both
                 by
                 the
                 Oracles
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 and
                 by
                 Men
                 ,
                 *
                 Ortygia
                 .
                 The
                 Nymphs
                 likewise
                 to
                 ingratiate
                 themselves
                 the
                 more
                 with
                 Diana
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 mighty
                 great
                 Fountain
                 in
                 this
                 Island
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Arethusa
                 ,
                 wherein
                 were
                 bred
                 many
                 great
                 Fishes
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 in
                 Ancient
                 Times
                 ,
                 but
                 there
                 they
                 remain
                 to
                 this
                 very
                 Day
                 as
                 Sacred
                 and
                 never
                 toucht
                 by
                 any
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 some
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 War
                 have
                 made
                 bold
                 to
                 feed
                 upon
                 'em
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 suddenly
                 by
                 the
                 apparent
                 anger
                 of
                 the
                 Goddess
                 been
                 afflicted
                 with
                 some
                 remarkable
                 Calamity
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 shall
                 write
                 more
                 fully
                 in
                 its
                 proper
                 Time
                 and
                 Place
                 .
              
               
                 Proserpine
                 injoy'd
                 the
                 pleasant
                 Meadows
                 about
                 Enna
                 in
                 Common
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 two
                 Goddesses
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 Fountain
                 call'd
                 Cyane
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 consecrated
                 to
                 her
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 Pluto
                 after
                 the
                 Rape
                 ,
                 carry'd
                 away
                 †
                 Proserpine
                 in
                 a
                 Chariot
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 the
                 Earth
                 opening
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 descended
                 into
                 *
                 Hell
                 together
                 ,
                 from
                 which
                 time
                 in
                 that
                 Place
                 arose
                 the
                 Spring
                 and
                 Lake
                 call'd
                 Cyane
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 every
                 Year
                 celebrate
                 a
                 solemn
                 Festival
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 they
                 privatly
                 Sacrific'd
                 the
                 lesser
                 Victims
                 ,
                 but
                 publickly
                 and
                 openly
                 they
                 threw
                 Bulls
                 into
                 the
                 †
                 Lake
                 ;
                 which
                 manner
                 of
                 Sacrifice
                 Hercules
                 introduc'd
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 went
                 over
                 all
                 Sicily
                 with
                 the
                 Herds
                 of
                 Geryon
                 .
                 After
                 the
                 Rape
                 of
                 Proserpine
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 Ceres
                 (
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 find
                 out
                 her
                 Daughter
                 )
                 lighted
                 Firebrands
                 at
                 the
                 Irruptions
                 of
                 Aetna
                 ,
                 and
                 wandred
                 through
                 divers
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 to
                 seek
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 did
                 much
                 good
                 where
                 she
                 came
                 ,
                 especially
                 where
                 she
                 was
                 courteously
                 receiv'd
                 ,
                 bestowing
                 Wheat
                 upon
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 in
                 a
                 grateful
                 return
                 of
                 their
                 Civility
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 the
                 Athenians
                 entertain'd
                 this
                 Goddess
                 with
                 the
                 greatest
                 civility
                 ;
                 therefore
                 next
                 to
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 First
                 upon
                 whom
                 she
                 bestow'd
                 this
                 Grain
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 honour'd
                 this
                 Goddess
                 above
                 all
                 others
                 with
                 splendid
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 and
                 sacred
                 Mysteries
                 at
                 Eleusis
                 ,
                 which
                 for
                 their
                 antiquity
                 and
                 sanctity
                 are
                 greatly
                 esteem'd
                 every
                 where
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Athenians
                 generously
                 communicated
                 this
                 Blessing
                 of
                 Corn
                 to
                 many
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 imparted
                 of
                 the
                 Seed
                 to
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 by
                 degrees
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Sicilians
                 therefore
                 being
                 the
                 First
                 that
                 had
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Corn
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 Familiar
                 Converse
                 with
                 Ceres
                 and
                 Proserpine
                 who
                 dwelt
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 instituted
                 Sacrifices
                 and
                 Solemn
                 Festivals
                 to
                 both
                 these
                 Goddesses
                 ,
                 whose
                 Names
                 gave
                 Reputation
                 to
                 the
                 things
                 ;
                 which
                 Festivals
                 were
                 solemniz'd
                 at
                 such
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 most
                 proper
                 to
                 point
                 at
                 the
                 great
                 benefit
                 they
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 celebrated
                 the
                 Rape
                 of
                 Proserpine
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Wheat
                 Harvest
                 ,
                 and
                 perform'd
                 these
                 Sacrifices
                 and
                 Solemnities
                 with
                 that
                 sanctity
                 and
                 application
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 as
                 became
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 oblig'd
                 to
                 be
                 thankful
                 for
                 being
                 prefer'd
                 before
                 all
                 other
                 People
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 with
                 the
                 First
                 reception
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Blessing
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 had
                 another
                 Festival
                 which
                 they
                 celebrated
                 to
                 Ceres
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Wheat
                 Seedings
                 ;
                 it
                 continu'd
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Ten
                 Days
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 remarkable
                 for
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 the
                 Goddess
                 ;
                 and
                 during
                 this
                 time
                 every
                 thing
                 was
                 celebrated
                 with
                 great
                 Pomp
                 and
                 Splendour
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Worship
                 was
                 after
                 the
                 old
                 way
                 and
                 Fashion
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 's
                 a
                 Custom
                 among
                 them
                 during
                 all
                 these
                 Ten
                 Days
                 ,
                 to
                 use
                 
                 Obscene
                 and
                 Fifthy
                 Language
                 in
                 their
                 Converse
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Goddess
                 being
                 put
                 into
                 dumps
                 of
                 Melancholy
                 for
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 her
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 is
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Smile
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 by
                 smutty
                 Discourse
                 .
                 That
                 the
                 Rape
                 of
                 Proserpine
                 
                 was
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 declared
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Ancients
                 both
                 Poets
                 and
                 Historians
                 do
                 generally
                 affirm
                 .
                 For
                 Carcinus
                 the
                 Tragaedian
                 ,
                 who
                 came
                 often
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 observing
                 how
                 Zealous
                 the
                 Citizens
                 were
                 in
                 celebrating
                 the
                 Sacreds
                 and
                 Festivals
                 of
                 Ceres
                 ,
                 has
                 these
                 Verses
                 in
                 his
                 Poems
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Ceres
                   most
                   lovely
                   *
                   Daughter
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   say
                   ,
                
                 
                   By
                   
                   Pluto's
                   Crafty
                   Snares
                   was
                   snatcht
                   away
                   ,
                
                 
                   Who
                   under
                   Ground
                   through
                   darksom
                   Caves
                   convey'd
                
                 
                   To
                   th'
                   gloomy
                   Shades
                   below
                   ,
                   the
                   harmless
                   Maid
                   .
                
                 
                   Her
                   mournful
                   Mother
                   wept
                   and
                   wrung
                   her
                   Hands
                   ,
                
                 
                   Seeking
                   her
                   Ravish'd
                   Daughter
                   in
                   all
                   Lands
                   .
                
                 
                   Then
                   
                   Aetna's
                   Flames
                   through
                   all
                   the
                   Land
                   did
                   roar
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   Flakes
                   of
                   Fire
                   spread
                   the
                   Island
                   o're
                   ;
                
                 
                   And
                   while
                   the
                   noble
                   Maid
                   was
                   thus
                   bemoan'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   For
                   want
                   of
                   Corn
                   the
                   fainting
                   Country
                   groan'd
                   :
                
                 
                   And
                   hence
                   it
                   is
                   ,
                   that
                   to
                   this
                   very
                   Day
                   ,
                
                 
                   Devoutly
                   to
                   these
                   Goddesses
                   they
                   pray
                   .
                
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 not
                 fit
                 we
                 should
                 here
                 omit
                 giving
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 Kindness
                 and
                 Bounty
                 of
                 this
                 Goddess
                 to
                 Mankind
                 :
                 For
                 besides
                 that
                 she
                 found
                 out
                 Corn
                 ,
                 she
                 taught
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Husbandry
                 ,
                 and
                 instituted
                 Laws
                 ,
                 whereby
                 Men
                 govern'd
                 their
                 actions
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Rules
                 of
                 Justice
                 and
                 Honesty
                 :
                 For
                 which
                 reason
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 call'd
                 the
                 †
                 Law-maker
                 And
                 certainly
                 none
                 can
                 bestow
                 greater
                 Benefits
                 than
                 these
                 imparted
                 by
                 her
                 ,
                 which
                 include
                 both
                 Being
                 and
                 Well-being
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 concerning
                 the
                 Antiquities
                 of
                 Sicily
                 shall
                 suffice
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 it
                 s
                 necessary
                 to
                 say
                 in
                 brief
                 something
                 of
                 the
                 Sicanians
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 Inhabitants
                 
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 because
                 several
                 Historians
                 differ
                 in
                 their
                 Relations
                 concerning
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 Philistus
                 says
                 they
                 were
                 a
                 Colony
                 transplanted
                 from
                 *
                 Iberia
                 into
                 this
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 thither
                 from
                 the
                 River
                 Sicanus
                 from
                 whence
                 they
                 were
                 call'd
                 Sicani
                 .
                 But
                 Timaeus
                 (
                 condemning
                 the
                 Ignorance
                 of
                 this
                 Writer
                 )
                 proves
                 clearly
                 and
                 evidently
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 Original
                 Inhabitants
                 ;
                 whose
                 Reasons
                 to
                 prove
                 their
                 Antiquity
                 being
                 many
                 we
                 conceive
                 it
                 needless
                 to
                 recite
                 .
                 The
                 Sicanians
                 anciently
                 dwelt
                 in
                 Villages
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 little
                 Towns
                 upon
                 Hills
                 that
                 were
                 naturally
                 strong
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 better
                 Security
                 against
                 Thieves
                 and
                 Robbers
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 under
                 one
                 General
                 Monarch
                 ,
                 but
                 every
                 Town
                 had
                 each
                 a
                 several
                 Prince
                 .
                 And
                 at
                 first
                 they
                 injoy'd
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 liv'd
                 by
                 Tillage
                 and
                 improvement
                 of
                 the
                 Ground
                 :
                 But
                 after
                 that
                 Aetna
                 burst
                 out
                 in
                 Flames
                 in
                 many
                 Parts
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 streams
                 of
                 Fire
                 even
                 overflow'd
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Territory
                 ,
                 the
                 Country
                 lay
                 wast
                 and
                 ruin'd
                 for
                 a
                 great
                 space
                 and
                 Tract
                 of
                 Ground
                 together
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Fire
                 continu'd
                 thus
                 to
                 spoil
                 the
                 Country
                 for
                 many
                 years
                 together
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 in
                 a
                 Consternation
                 forsook
                 the
                 Eastern
                 Parts
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 down
                 into
                 the
                 West
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 after
                 many
                 Ages
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Families
                 transported
                 themselves
                 out
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 setled
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 before
                 forsaken
                 by
                 the
                 Sicanians
                 .
                 Where
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 covetous
                 desire
                 to
                 gain
                 more
                 ,
                 they
                 incroacht
                 still
                 further
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 incursions
                 into
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Countries
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 frequent
                 Wars
                 between
                 them
                 and
                 the
                 Sicanians
                 ,
                 till
                 by
                 a
                 mutual
                 Compact
                 and
                 agreement
                 they
                 settl'd
                 the
                 Boundaries
                 of
                 each
                 others
                 Territories
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 shall
                 give
                 a
                 particular
                 account
                 in
                 their
                 Proper
                 place
                 and
                 time
                 .
                 The
                 last
                 that
                 sent
                 Colonies
                 into
                 Sicily
                 were
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 very
                 considerable
                 ,
                 who
                 built
                 Cities
                 
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 .
                 By
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 Grecians
                 that
                 resorted
                 thither
                 and
                 the
                 frequent
                 and
                 ordinary
                 Commerce
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 learnt
                 both
                 the
                 Language
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Grecians
                 way
                 of
                 living
                 ,
                 and
                 lost
                 (
                 together
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 barbarous
                 Dialect
                 )
                 their
                 very
                 Name
                 likewise
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 call'd
                 Sicilians
                 .
                 Having
                 said
                 enough
                 of
                 these
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 pass
                 to
                 the
                 Islands
                 called
                 the
                 Eolides
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 seven
                 in
                 number
                 
                 call'd
                 
                   Strongyle
                   ,
                   Euonymus
                   ,
                   Didyme
                   ,
                   Phoenicusa
                   ,
                   Hiera
                   ,
                   Vulcania
                   ,
                
                 and
                 Lipara
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 last
                 there
                 's
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 name
                 :
                 These
                 lie
                 between
                 Sicily
                 and
                 Italy
                 
                 in
                 a
                 direct
                 line
                 from
                 East
                 to
                 West
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 distant
                 from
                 Sicily
                 about
                 an
                 hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 Furlongs
                 :
                 They
                 are
                 much
                 of
                 an
                 equal
                 bigness
                 ;
                 the
                 greatest
                 of
                 them
                 is
                 in
                 Circuit
                 an
                 hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 Furlongs
                 .
                 They
                 have
                 been
                 all
                 subject
                 to
                 great
                 eruptions
                 of
                 Fire
                 ,
                 the
                 Passages
                 of
                 which
                 by
                 the
                 openings
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 are
                 apparent
                 and
                 visible
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 Strongyle
                 and
                 Hiera
                 to
                 this
                 very
                 time
                 violent
                 Vapours
                 burst
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 roaring
                 dreadful
                 noise
                 ;
                 abundance
                 likewise
                 of
                 Sand
                 and
                 Fiery
                 stones
                 are
                 Vomited
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ground
                 ;
                 the
                 like
                 to
                 which
                 may
                 be
                 seen
                 about
                 Mount
                 Aetna
                 :
                 For
                 some
                 affirm
                 that
                 from
                 these
                 Islands
                 there
                 are
                 Caverns
                 within
                 the
                 Earth
                 that
                 run
                 out
                 as
                 far
                 Aetna
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 there
                 's
                 a
                 Communication
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 both
                 these
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 Breaches
                 and
                 Casmas
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 at
                 Aetna
                 ,
                 cast
                 forth
                 their
                 Flames
                 at
                 certain
                 seasons
                 by
                 turns
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 that
                 these
                 Islands
                 anciently
                 were
                 desert
                 and
                 uninhabited
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 afterwards
                 Liparus
                 Son
                 of
                 King
                 Auson
                 upon
                 a
                 sedition
                 rais'd
                 against
                 him
                 by
                 his
                 Brothers
                 with
                 a
                 *
                 Fleet
                 well
                 man'd
                 ,
                 Fled
                 out
                 of
                 Italy
                 into
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 from
                 him
                 call'd
                 Lipara
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 name
                 ,
                 and
                 till'd
                 and
                 cultivated
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Islands
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 was
                 old
                 ,
                 Aeolus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Hippotas
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 other
                 of
                 his
                 Associats
                 arriv'd
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 marri'd
                 Cyane
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Liparus
                 ;
                 and
                 investing
                 the
                 rest
                 that
                 he
                 brought
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Rights
                 and
                 Privileges
                 that
                 the
                 natural
                 Inhabitants
                 injoy'd
                 ,
                 he
                 became
                 supream
                 Lord
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 .
                 Liparus
                 afterwards
                 having
                 a
                 desire
                 to
                 return
                 into
                 
                   Italy
                   ,
                   Aeolus
                
                 assisted
                 him
                 in
                 possessing
                 the
                 Country
                 about
                 Syrrentum
                 ,
                 where
                 (
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 reign'd
                 with
                 a
                 general
                 applause
                 )
                 he
                 dy'd
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 bury'd
                 in
                 great
                 state
                 and
                 funeral
                 Pomp
                 ,
                 and
                 honour'd
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 as
                 a
                 Demy
                 God.
                 This
                 is
                 that
                 Aeolus
                 (
                 which
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 entertaind
                 Vlysses
                 in
                 his
                 Wandrings
                 ;
                 and
                 was
                 reported
                 to
                 be
                 pious
                 towards
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 righteous
                 towards
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 kind
                 and
                 courteous
                 to
                 Strangers
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 likwise
                 reported
                 that
                 he
                 taught
                 Mariners
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Sails
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 diligent
                 observance
                 of
                 Fire
                 foretold
                 the
                 rising
                 of
                 Winds
                 ;
                 whence
                 he
                 was
                 feign'd
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 Sovereign
                 power
                 over
                 the
                 Winds
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 his
                 Piety
                 was
                 call'd
                 the
                 Friend
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 He
                 had
                 Six
                 Sons
                 ,
                 
                   Astyochus
                   ,
                   Xuthus
                   ,
                   Androcles
                   ,
                   Pheroemon
                   ,
                   Jocastes
                
                 and
                 Agathurnus
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 all
                 in
                 great
                 Reputation
                 and
                 esteem
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Fame
                 of
                 their
                 Father's
                 Vertues
                 .
              
               
                 Amongst
                 these
                 Sons
                 Jocastes
                 reign'd
                 as
                 King
                 over
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 lying
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 
                   Rhegium
                   .
                   Pheroemon
                
                 and
                 Androcles
                 injoy'd
                 that
                 Part
                 of
                 Sicily
                 from
                 the
                 narrow
                 cut
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 to
                 Lilibaeum
                 .
                 That
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 that
                 lyes
                 Eastward
                 was
                 inhabited
                 by
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 towards
                 the
                 West
                 by
                 the
                 Sicanians
                 ,
                 which
                 several
                 People
                 were
                 continually
                 Quarrelling
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 :
                 But
                 they
                 freely
                 submitted
                 to
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Aeolus
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 their
                 Father's
                 Eminent
                 Piety
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 own
                 gentle
                 and
                 sweet
                 Dispositions
                 .
                 Xuthus
                 reign'd
                 in
                 the
                 Territory
                 of
                 Leontium
                 ,
                 call'd
                 from
                 him
                 Xuthia
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 .
                 Agathurnus
                 possess'd
                 the
                 Region
                 now
                 call'd
                 Agathynites
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 the
                 City
                 call'd
                 Agathurnum
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 .
              
               
                 Astyochus
                 was
                 Sovereign
                 Lord
                 of
                 Lipara
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 imitating
                 their
                 Father's
                 Piety
                 and
                 Justice
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 great
                 Honour
                 and
                 Esteem
                 .
                 After
                 the
                 Posterity
                 of
                 Aeolus
                 had
                 reign'd
                 successively
                 for
                 many
                 Ages
                 together
                 ,
                 at
                 last
                 the
                 Royal
                 Line
                 in
                 Sicily
                 was
                 extinct
                 .
                 After
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 were
                 under
                 an
                 Aristocratical
                 Government
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Sicanians
                 fell
                 to
                 odds
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 about
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 together
                 were
                 imbroil'd
                 in
                 a
                 Civil
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 Many
                 Years
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 other
                 Islands
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 Severity
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Asia
                 )
                 were
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 empty'd
                 of
                 their
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 Cnydus
                 and
                 Rhodes
                 determin'd
                 to
                 transplant
                 themselves
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 end
                 they
                 created
                 Pentathlus
                 a
                 Cnidian
                 ,
                 their
                 Captain
                 (
                 who
                 deriv'd
                 his
                 Pedigree
                 from
                 Hippotes
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Hercules
                 )
                 and
                 under
                 his
                 Conduct
                 they
                 transported
                 themselves
                 into
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Lilibaeum
                 .
              
               
               
                 This
                 fell
                 out
                 in
                 the
                 *
                 Fiftieth
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Epitilidas
                 the
                 Laconian
                 was
                 Victor
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 time
                 likewise
                 it
                 happen'd
                 ,
                 that
                 Aegestanes
                 and
                 Selinuntes
                 were
                 at
                 War
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 War
                 (
                 joyning
                 with
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 )
                 in
                 one
                 Battel
                 ,
                 they
                 lost
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 among
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 their
                 General
                 Pentathlus
                 .
                 The
                 Selinuntines
                 being
                 thus
                 routed
                 ,
                 those
                 of
                 these
                 Strangers
                 that
                 surviv'd
                 ,
                 determin'd
                 to
                 return
                 Home
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 purpose
                 they
                 chose
                 
                   Gorgus
                   Thestores
                
                 and
                 Epitherides
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Houshold
                 of
                 Pentathlus
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 Captains
                 ,
                 who
                 sail'd
                 through
                 the
                 Tyrrhene
                 Sea
                 ,
                 to
                 Lipara
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 kindly
                 receiv'd
                 ,
                 and
                 easily
                 perswaded
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 dwell
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 then
                 scarce
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 that
                 remain'd
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 came
                 over
                 with
                 Aeolus
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 when
                 the
                 Tyrrhenians
                 infested
                 the
                 Seas
                 with
                 their
                 Pyracies
                 ,
                 (
                 being
                 vext
                 with
                 their
                 Incursions
                 )
                 they
                 prepar'd
                 a
                 Fleet
                 for
                 their
                 Defence
                 ;
                 and
                 divided
                 themselves
                 into
                 several
                 Parts
                 ,
                 some
                 to
                 till
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 to
                 guard
                 the
                 Seas
                 against
                 the
                 Pirats
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 injoying
                 their
                 Estates
                 in
                 Common
                 ,
                 and
                 feeding
                 together
                 in
                 Societies
                 ,
                 they
                 continu'd
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 in
                 this
                 Community
                 of
                 Life
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 they
                 divided
                 Lipara
                 (
                 wherein
                 was
                 situated
                 the
                 Metropolitan
                 City
                 )
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Islands
                 they
                 Till'd
                 and
                 improv'd
                 for
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 all
                 in
                 Common
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 last
                 they
                 divided
                 all
                 the
                 Islands
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Twenty
                 Years
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 that
                 time
                 was
                 expir'd
                 ,
                 they
                 again
                 made
                 a
                 Division
                 by
                 Lot.
                 Afterwards
                 they
                 overcame
                 the
                 Tyrrhenians
                 in
                 many
                 Sea-Fights
                 ,
                 and
                 devoted
                 the
                 Tenths
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 their
                 Spoils
                 to
                 the
                 Oracle
                 at
                 Delphos
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 remains
                 we
                 should
                 shew
                 by
                 what
                 means
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Lipara
                 in
                 succeeding
                 Ages
                 grew
                 to
                 that
                 height
                 of
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 only
                 happy
                 in
                 themselves
                 ,
                 but
                 renown'd
                 and
                 glorious
                 Abroad
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 City
                 is
                 beautify'd
                 by
                 Nature
                 with
                 very
                 large
                 and
                 fair
                 Harbours
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 famous
                 Baths
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 only
                 Medicinal
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 singular
                 Properties
                 and
                 Qualities
                 ,
                 afford
                 much
                 Pleasure
                 and
                 Delight
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 many
                 in
                 Sicily
                 that
                 are
                 taken
                 with
                 strange
                 and
                 unusual
                 Diseases
                 ,
                 pass
                 over
                 into
                 this
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 washing
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 hot
                 Baths
                 ,
                 are
                 restor'd
                 presently
                 to
                 perfect
                 Health
                 ,
                 even
                 to
                 Admiration
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 the
                 Island
                 it self
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 ,
                 abounds
                 in
                 that
                 famous
                 Mineral
                 of
                 Allom
                 ,
                 which
                 brings
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Revenue
                 both
                 to
                 the
                 Liparians
                 and
                 the
                 Romans
                 ;
                 For
                 being
                 in
                 no
                 other
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 very
                 useful
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 (
                 upon
                 good
                 Reason
                 )
                 have
                 the
                 sole
                 vending
                 of
                 this
                 Commodity
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 setting
                 what
                 rate
                 they
                 please
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 they
                 grow
                 prodigiously
                 rich
                 .
                 Only
                 indeed
                 in
                 the
                 Isle
                 of
                 Melos
                 ,
                 there
                 grows
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 small
                 Allom
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 sufficient
                 to
                 supply
                 any
                 considerable
                 number
                 of
                 Cities
                 .
                 This
                 Island
                 of
                 Lipara
                 is
                 not
                 large
                 ,
                 but
                 reasonably
                 well
                 stor'd
                 with
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 and
                 abounds
                 with
                 every
                 thing
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Sustenance
                 of
                 Man's
                 Life
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 plentifully
                 supplies
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fish
                 ,
                 and
                 bears
                 Fruit
                 most
                 delicious
                 to
                 the
                 Taste
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 may
                 suffice
                 to
                 be
                 said
                 of
                 Lipara
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Aeolid
                 Islands
                 .
              
               
                 Next
                 to
                 Lipara
                 Westward
                 ,
                 lies
                 a
                 small
                 Island
                 uninhabited
                 ,
                 call'd
                 (
                 upon
                 a
                 remarkable
                 Accident
                 )
                 Ostales
                 .
                 For
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 were
                 ingag'd
                 in
                 great
                 Wars
                 with
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 considerable
                 Forces
                 both
                 at
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 ;
                 amongst
                 whom
                 were
                 many
                 Mercenaries
                 out
                 of
                 several
                 Countries
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 always
                 a
                 turbulent
                 sort
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 commonly
                 
                 accustom'd
                 to
                 raise
                 many
                 horrid
                 Mutinies
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 especially
                 when
                 they
                 receiv'd
                 not
                 their
                 Pay
                 at
                 the
                 Day
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 due
                 .
                 Some
                 therefore
                 there
                 were
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 (
                 about
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Six
                 Thousand
                 )
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 usual
                 Insolency
                 and
                 rude
                 Behaviour
                 (
                 not
                 receiving
                 their
                 Pay
                 )
                 first
                 got
                 into
                 a
                 Body
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 with
                 rude
                 Shouts
                 and
                 Clamours
                 ,
                 assaulted
                 their
                 Commanders
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 they
                 still
                 delay'd
                 to
                 pay
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 threatned
                 they
                 would
                 prosecute
                 their
                 Right
                 against
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 with
                 Force
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 laid
                 hold
                 upon
                 their
                 Officers
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 they
                 receiv'd
                 a
                 Check
                 from
                 the
                 Senate
                 for
                 their
                 unruliness
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 more
                 furious
                 and
                 outragious
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Senate
                 privately
                 order'd
                 the
                 Colonels
                 and
                 Officers
                 to
                 put
                 all
                 the
                 Mutineers
                 to
                 Death
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 Orders
                 ,
                 they
                 forthwith
                 got
                 them
                 all
                 on
                 Ship-board
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 under
                 colour
                 of
                 some
                 Military
                 Service
                 to
                 be
                 perform'd
                 )
                 
                 transported
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Island
                 before-mention'd
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 landed
                 them
                 and
                 left
                 them
                 :
                 And
                 though
                 they
                 storm'd
                 and
                 rag'd
                 at
                 this
                 Misfortune
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 no
                 capacity
                 to
                 revenge
                 themselves
                 upon
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 length
                 were
                 all
                 famished
                 to
                 Death
                 :
                 And
                 being
                 that
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Number
                 (
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 Captives
                 of
                 War
                 )
                 perish'd
                 in
                 so
                 small
                 an
                 Island
                 ,
                 this
                 strait
                 place
                 was
                 fill'd
                 with
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 dead
                 Mens
                 Bones
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 this
                 reason
                 the
                 Island
                 was
                 call'd
                 as
                 aforesaid
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 these
                 Mercenaries
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 fraud
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Officers
                 )
                 were
                 brought
                 into
                 these
                 Extremities
                 ,
                 and
                 miserably
                 perished
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Food
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 now
                 gone
                 through
                 the
                 Aeolides
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 next
                 view
                 those
                 Islands
                 that
                 lie
                 on
                 both
                 Sides
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Southward
                 over
                 against
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 lie
                 Three
                 Islands
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 all
                 safe
                 and
                 commodious
                 Harbours
                 ,
                 and
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 a
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 first
                 is
                 Malta
                 ,
                 about
                 Eight
                 Hundred
                 Furlongs
                 from
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 furnish'd
                 
                 with
                 very
                 good
                 Harbours
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 are
                 very
                 Rich
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 's
                 full
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Artificers
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 there
                 are
                 excellent
                 Weavers
                 of
                 fine
                 Linen
                 .
                 Their
                 Houses
                 are
                 very
                 Stately
                 and
                 Beautiful
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 graceful
                 Eaves
                 ,
                 and
                 pargeted
                 with
                 white
                 Plaister
                 .
                 The
                 Inhabitants
                 are
                 a
                 Colony
                 of
                 Phaenicians
                 ,
                 who
                 trading
                 as
                 Merchants
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 the
                 Western
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 resorted
                 to
                 this
                 Island
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 its
                 commodious
                 Ports
                 ,
                 and
                 convenient
                 situation
                 for
                 a
                 Sea-Trade
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 this
                 Place
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 presently
                 became
                 famous
                 both
                 for
                 their
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Merchandize
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 next
                 is
                 Gaulus
                 ,
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 several
                 safe
                 Harbours
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 first
                 inhabited
                 by
                 the
                 Phaenicians
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 follows
                 Circina
                 ,
                 lying
                 to
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Africa
                 ,
                 in
                 
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 handsom
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 commodious
                 Ports
                 ,
                 wherein
                 may
                 ride
                 not
                 only
                 Merchant
                 Men
                 ,
                 but
                 Men
                 of
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 Having
                 spoken
                 of
                 the
                 Southern
                 Islands
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Lipari
                 ,
                 which
                 lye
                 in
                 the
                 Tyrrhenian
                 Sea
                 ;
                 for
                 near
                 to
                 Populonium
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 's
                 call'd
                 )
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 Hetruria
                 ,
                 lies
                 †
                 Aethalia
                 ,
                 distant
                 from
                 Lipara
                 ,
                 near
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 the
                 great
                 *
                 Mists
                 and
                 Fogs
                 that
                 rise
                 there
                 .
                 This
                 Island
                 abounds
                 with
                 Iron
                 Stone
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 dig
                 and
                 cut
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ground
                 to
                 melt
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 for
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 Iron
                 ;
                 much
                 of
                 which
                 Mettal
                 is
                 in
                 this
                 sort
                 of
                 Stone
                 .
                 The
                 Workmen
                 imploy'd
                 first
                 ,
                 cut
                 the
                 Stone
                 in
                 Pieces
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 melt
                 them
                 in
                 Furnaces
                 ,
                 built
                 and
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 the
                 purpose
                 .
                 In
                 these
                 Furnaces
                 ,
                 the
                 Stones
                 by
                 the
                 violent
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 are
                 melted
                 into
                 several
                 Pieces
                 ,
                 in
                 form
                 like
                 to
                 great
                 Spunges
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Merchants
                 buy
                 by
                 Truck
                 and
                 Exchange
                 of
                 other
                 Wares
                 ,
                 and
                 transport
                 them
                 to
                 Dicearchia
                 ;
                 and
                 other
                 Mart-Towns
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 of
                 these
                 Merchants
                 that
                 buy
                 of
                 these
                 Wares
                 ,
                 cause
                 'em
                 to
                 be
                 wrought
                 by
                 the
                 Copper
                 Smiths
                 ,
                 who
                 beat
                 and
                 fashion
                 'em
                 into
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Tools
                 ,
                 Instruments
                 and
                 other
                 shapes
                 and
                 Fancies
                 ;
                 as
                 some
                 they
                 neatly
                 beat
                 into
                 the
                 shape
                 of
                 Birds
                 ,
                 others
                 into
                 Spades
                 ,
                 Hooks
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 sorts
                 of
                 Utensils
                 .
                 All
                 which
                 are
                 transported
                 and
                 carry'd
                 about
                 into
                 several
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 by
                 the
                 Merchants
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 's
                 another
                 Island
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Greeks
                 call'd
                 Cyrnon
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Romans
                 and
                 
                 Natural
                 Inhabitants
                 Corsica
                 ,
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Furlongs
                 distant
                 from
                 Aethalia
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 an
                 Island
                 of
                 an
                 easy
                 Access
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 a
                 beautiful
                 large
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Syra●usium
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 in
                 it
                 two
                 Cities
                 Calaris
                 and
                 Nicaea
                 .
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Phoceans
                 built
                 Calaris
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 they
                 were
                 possessors
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 afterwards
                 ejected
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Tyrrhenians
                   .
                   Nicaea
                
                 was
                 built
                 by
                 the
                 *
                 Hetrurians
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 Lorded
                 it
                 as
                 Masters
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 subdu'd
                 all
                 the
                 Islands
                 that
                 lye
                 near
                 adjoyning
                 to
                 Hetruria
                 .
              
               
                 During
                 the
                 time
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Corsica
                 were
                 subject
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 exacted
                 a
                 Tribute
                 from
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 of
                 Rozen
                 ,
                 Wax
                 and
                 Hony
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 great
                 plenty
                 is
                 produc'd
                 in
                 this
                 Island
                 .
                 Corsican
                 Bond-Slaves
                 are
                 naturally
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Temper
                 
                 and
                 Qualification
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 usefulness
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 preferr'd
                 before
                 all
                 others
                 whatsoever
                 .
                 The
                 Island
                 is
                 large
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 Mountainous
                 and
                 Woody
                 ,
                 and
                 water'd
                 with
                 several
                 small
                 †
                 Rivers
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Inhabitants
                 feed
                 upon
                 Milk
                 ,
                 Honey
                 and
                 Flesh
                 ,
                 which
                 this
                 Country
                 affords
                 plentifully
                 ,
                 and
                 exceed
                 all
                 other
                 Barbarians
                 in
                 Justice
                 and
                 Humanity
                 one
                 towards
                 another
                 :
                 For
                 where
                 any
                 find
                 Honey
                 in
                 hollow
                 Trees
                 in
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 certainly
                 his
                 that
                 finds
                 it
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 further
                 Dispute
                 .
                 The
                 Sheep
                 have
                 all
                 their
                 Owners
                 Mark
                 set
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 certainly
                 secures
                 the
                 Property
                 of
                 their
                 Masters
                 ,
                 though
                 there
                 be
                 no
                 Shepherd
                 to
                 look
                 after
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 respects
                 in
                 their
                 Converse
                 and
                 way
                 of
                 Living
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 several
                 Stations
                 observe
                 the
                 Rules
                 of
                 common
                 Right
                 and
                 Justice
                 .
                 A
                 very
                 strange
                 thing
                 there
                 is
                 among
                 'em
                 concerning
                 the
                 Birth
                 of
                 their
                 Children
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 the
                 Woman
                 is
                 in
                 Labour
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 care
                 taken
                 of
                 her
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 her
                 Travel
                 ;
                 
                 but
                 the
                 Husband
                 goes
                 to
                 Bed
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 sick
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 continues
                 for
                 certain
                 Days
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 under
                 the
                 Pains
                 of
                 a
                 Woman
                 in
                 Travel
                 .
              
               
                 Here
                 grows
                 in
                 this
                 Island
                 abundance
                 of
                 extraordinary
                 Box-Trees
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Reason
                 that
                 the
                 Honey
                 produc'd
                 here
                 ,
                 is
                 many
                 times
                 very
                 bitter
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 possess'd
                 by
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 whose
                 Language
                 is
                 very
                 strange
                 and
                 difficult
                 to
                 be
                 understood
                 ;
                 they
                 are
                 above
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Thirty
                 Thousand
                 .
              
               
                 Next
                 to
                 this
                 lies
                 Sardinia
                 ,
                 an
                 Island
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 Sicily
                 ;
                 it
                 's
                 inhabited
                 by
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 call
                 Iolaeians
                 ,
                 sprung
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 they
                 themselves
                 suppose
                 )
                 from
                 those
                 few
                 that
                 inhabited
                 the
                 Country
                 with
                 
                 Iolaus
                 and
                 the
                 Thespidae
                 .
                 For
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 that
                 Hercules
                 instituted
                 those
                 so
                 much
                 *
                 Celebrated
                 Games
                 ,
                 having
                 many
                 Children
                 by
                 the
                 Daughters
                 of
                 Thespius
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 numerous
                 Train
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 Barbarians
                 and
                 Grecians
                 into
                 Sardinia
                 ,
                 to
                 settle
                 themselves
                 in
                 new
                 Habitations
                 .
              
               
                 Their
                 Captain
                 
                   Iolaus
                   (
                   Hercules
                
                 his
                 Nephew
                 on
                 his
                 Brother's
                 side
                 )
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 in
                 it
                 several
                 famous
                 Cities
                 ;
                 and
                 dividing
                 the
                 Country
                 by
                 Lot
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 People
                 from
                 himself
                 ,
                 Iolaeians
                 .
                 He
                 built
                 likewise
                 publick
                 Schools
                 and
                 Temples
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 other
                 Monuments
                 for
                 publick
                 use
                 ,
                 and
                 general
                 advantage
                 ,
                 which
                 remain
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 the
                 most
                 pleasant
                 Fields
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 are
                 call'd
                 after
                 him
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   Fields
                   of
                
                 
                 Iolaus
                 ,
                 or
                 The
                 Iolaeian
                 Fields
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 are
                 still
                 call'd
                 Iolaeians
                 from
                 him
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 foretold
                 likewise
                 by
                 the
                 Oracle
                 concerning
                 his
                 Colony
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 call'd
                 after
                 his
                 Name
                 ,
                 their
                 Freedoms
                 and
                 Liberties
                 should
                 be
                 secur'd
                 to
                 them
                 for
                 ever
                 ;
                 and
                 accordingly
                 their
                 Laws
                 and
                 Government
                 have
                 been
                 preserv'd
                 firm
                 and
                 unshaken
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 their
                 Power
                 ,
                 took
                 this
                 Island
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 inslave
                 the
                 People
                 :
                 for
                 the
                 Iolaeians
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 them
                 Habitations
                 under
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 kept
                 and
                 maintain'd
                 many
                 Herds
                 and
                 flocks
                 of
                 Cattel
                 ,
                 which
                 afforded
                 them
                 Food
                 sufficient
                 ,
                 both
                 as
                 to
                 Milk
                 ,
                 Cheese
                 and
                 Flesh
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 leaving
                 the
                 Champain
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 both
                 freed
                 from
                 the
                 Toyl
                 of
                 Plowing
                 and
                 Tilling
                 the
                 Ground
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 ,
                 liv'd
                 at
                 ease
                 in
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 contented
                 with
                 a
                 mean
                 and
                 moderate
                 Provision
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 before
                 said
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 although
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 often
                 assaulted
                 them
                 with
                 great
                 Armies
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 difficulties
                 of
                 the
                 Places
                 were
                 such
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 windings
                 and
                 turnings
                 within
                 these
                 Subterraneous
                 Caves
                 were
                 so
                 inexplicable
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 ever
                 the
                 security
                 of
                 these
                 Inhabitants
                 from
                 Bondage
                 and
                 Slavery
                 .
                 And
                 lastly
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 since
                 they
                 became
                 Masters
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 have
                 often
                 attempted
                 to
                 reduce
                 them
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 never
                 able
                 to
                 prevail
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Reasons
                 before
                 alledg'd
                 .
                 But
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 ancient
                 Times
                 ;
                 Iolaus
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 settled
                 all
                 the
                 Concerns
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Colony
                 ,
                 return'd
                 into
                 Greece
                 .
                 The
                 Thespiades
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 Lords
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 for
                 many
                 Ages
                 ,
                 were
                 at
                 length
                 expuls'd
                 ,
                 and
                 driven
                 into
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 seated
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 Parts
                 and
                 Places
                 about
                 Cuma
                 :
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 return'd
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 Barbarism
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 choice
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Captains
                 from
                 among
                 their
                 own
                 Countrymen
                 ,
                 have
                 defended
                 their
                 Liberties
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 said
                 enough
                 of
                 Sardinia
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 go
                 on
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 Islands
                 .
              
               
                 Next
                 to
                 the
                 before-mention'd
                 Island
                 ,
                 is
                 Pityusa
                 ,
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 the
                 multitude
                 
                 of
                 Pine-Trees
                 growing
                 there
                 ,
                 lying
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 Three
                 Days
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 Nights
                 Sayl
                 from
                 Hercules's
                 Pillars
                 ,
                 one
                 Day
                 and
                 Nights
                 Sail
                 from
                 the
                 Coast
                 of
                 Africa
                 ,
                 and
                 only
                 a
                 Days
                 Sayl
                 from
                 Spain
                 ;
                 as
                 large
                 as
                 Corcyra
                 ,
                 and
                 reasonably
                 Fruitful
                 .
                 It
                 bears
                 some
                 few
                 Vines
                 and
                 wild
                 Olive-Trees
                 .
                 Amongst
                 other
                 things
                 it
                 produces
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 most
                 esteem'd
                 for
                 fine
                 Wool.
                 It
                 's
                 chequer'd
                 with
                 pleasant
                 Champain
                 Fields
                 ,
                 and
                 lovely
                 Hills
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 a
                 City
                 in
                 it
                 call'd
                 Ercsum
                 ,
                 inhabited
                 
                 by
                 a
                 Colony
                 of
                 Carthaginians
                 :
                 The
                 Island
                 is
                 grac'd
                 with
                 famous
                 Ports
                 ,
                 and
                 high
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 stately
                 Houses
                 .
                 Barbarians
                 of
                 several
                 Nations
                 inhabit
                 there
                 ,
                 but
                 most
                 are
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 a
                 Colony
                 of
                 whom
                 settled
                 there
                 about
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Sixty
                 Years
                 after
                 the
                 building
                 of
                 Carthage
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 other
                 Islands
                 over
                 against
                 Spain
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Grecians
                 call
                 *
                 Gymnesiae
                 ,
                 because
                 in
                 Summer-time
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 go
                 naked
                 .
                 By
                 the
                 Natives
                 and
                 the
                 Romans
                 they
                 are
                 call'd
                 †
                 Baleares
                 ,
                 from
                 casting
                 of
                 huge
                 massy
                 Stones
                 out
                 of
                 Slings
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 excel
                 all
                 other
                 People
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Greater
                 of
                 these
                 Islands
                 is
                 larger
                 than
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Islands
                 ,
                 except
                 these
                 Seven
                 ,
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   Sardinia
                   ,
                   Cyprus
                   ,
                   Crete
                   ,
                   Eubaea
                   ,
                   Corsica
                   ,
                
                 and
                 Lesbos
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 one
                 Days
                 Sail
                 distant
                 from
                 Spain
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Lesser
                 lies
                 more
                 Eastward
                 ,
                 and
                 breeds
                 and
                 feeds
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 brave
                 and
                 large
                 Cattel
                 ,
                 especially
                 ‖
                 Mules
                 ,
                 which
                 for
                 the
                 largeness
                 of
                 their
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 exceeding
                 noise
                 they
                 make
                 in
                 their
                 Braying
                 ,
                 are
                 remarkable
                 above
                 all
                 others
                 .
                 Both
                 these
                 Islands
                 are
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 and
                 fertile
                 Soyl
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 Peopled
                 with
                 above
                 Thirty
                 Thousand
                 Inhabitants
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ;
                 they
                 are
                 altogether
                 destitute
                 of
                 Wine
                 ;
                 the
                 want
                 therefore
                 of
                 it
                 makes
                 'em
                 the
                 more
                 eager
                 after
                 it
                 .
                 Neither
                 have
                 they
                 any
                 Oyl
                 amongst
                 them
                 ;
                 to
                 supply
                 which
                 ,
                 they
                 press
                 out
                 the
                 Oyly
                 part
                 of
                 Mastick
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 mix
                 it
                 and
                 Swines-Grease
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 this
                 Composition
                 anoint
                 their
                 Bodies
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 love
                 Women
                 exceedingly
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 value
                 at
                 such
                 a
                 Rate
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 Pyrats
                 bring
                 any
                 Women
                 they
                 have
                 taken
                 ,
                 thither
                 ,
                 they
                 'l
                 give
                 as
                 a
                 Ransom
                 Three
                 or
                 Four
                 Men
                 for
                 one
                 Woman
                 .
                 They
                 live
                 in
                 Caves
                 hew'd
                 in
                 the
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 spend
                 all
                 their
                 Days
                 in
                 these
                 Holes
                 ,
                 dug
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 in
                 the
                 steepest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Rocky
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 they
                 provide
                 for
                 themselves
                 both
                 shelter
                 and
                 security
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 make
                 no
                 use
                 either
                 of
                 Silver
                 or
                 Gold
                 Coyn
                 ,
                 but
                 prohibit
                 the
                 importation
                 
                 of
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 Island
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 they
                 give
                 this
                 Reason
                 :
                 For
                 that
                 Hercules
                 in
                 former
                 times
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 Geryon
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Chrysaores
                 ,
                 for
                 no
                 other
                 reason
                 but
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 rich
                 in
                 Silver
                 and
                 Gold
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 live
                 more
                 securely
                 ,
                 and
                 quietly
                 injoy
                 what
                 they
                 have
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 made
                 it
                 a
                 standing
                 Law
                 to
                 have
                 nothing
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 that
                 Wealth
                 which
                 consists
                 in
                 those
                 Metals
                 .
              
               
                 According
                 therefore
                 to
                 this
                 Decree
                 ,
                 when
                 once
                 heretofore
                 in
                 a
                 War
                 they
                 assisted
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 they
                 brought
                 nothing
                 of
                 their
                 Pay
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 but
                 laid
                 it
                 all
                 out
                 in
                 Wine
                 and
                 Women
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 have
                 a
                 filthy
                 Custom
                 likewise
                 amongst
                 'em
                 concerning
                 their
                 Marriages
                 ;
                 
                 for
                 in
                 their
                 Marriage
                 Feasts
                 ,
                 all
                 their
                 Friends
                 and
                 Houshold
                 Servants
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 in
                 Seniority
                 of
                 Age
                 ,
                 one
                 after
                 another
                 ,
                 carnally
                 know
                 the
                 Bride
                 ,
                 till
                 at
                 length
                 it
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Bridegrooms
                 turn
                 ,
                 who
                 has
                 the
                 honour
                 to
                 be
                 last
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 have
                 another
                 strange
                 Custom
                 likewise
                 about
                 the
                 burying
                 of
                 their
                 Dead
                 ;
                 
                 they
                 cut
                 the
                 Carcass
                 in
                 Pieces
                 with
                 Wooden
                 Knives
                 or
                 Axes
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 put
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 Parts
                 into
                 an
                 Urn
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 raise
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 heap
                 of
                 Stones
                 over
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Their
                 Arms
                 are
                 Three
                 Slings
                 ,
                 one
                 they
                 wind
                 about
                 their
                 Heads
                 ,
                 another
                 they
                 tye
                 about
                 their
                 Loyns
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Third
                 they
                 carry
                 in
                 their
                 Hands
                 .
                 In
                 time
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 they
                 throw
                 much
                 greater
                 Stones
                 than
                 any
                 other
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 that
                 Violence
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 a
                 thing
                 were
                 shot
                 out
                 of
                 an
                 *
                 Engine
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Assaults
                 made
                 upon
                 Towns
                 ,
                 they
                 grievously
                 gall
                 those
                 that
                 stand
                 upon
                 the
                 Bulwarks
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Field-Fights
                 break
                 in
                 pieces
                 their
                 Enemies
                 Shields
                 ,
                 Helmets
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 defensive
                 Armour
                 whatsoever
                 ;
                 and
                 are
                 such
                 exact
                 Marksmen
                 ,
                 that
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 )
                 they
                 never
                 miss
                 what
                 they
                 aim
                 at
                 :
                 They
                 attain
                 to
                 this
                 Skill
                 by
                 contiual
                 Exercise
                 from
                 their
                 very
                 Childhood
                 ,
                 for
                 while
                 they
                 are
                 very
                 Young
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 forc'd
                 under
                 the
                 tutorage
                 of
                 their
                 Mothers
                 ,
                 to
                 cast
                 Stones
                 out
                 of
                 Slings
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 fasten
                 a
                 Piece
                 of
                 Bread
                 for
                 a
                 Mark
                 to
                 a
                 Pole
                 ,
                 and
                 till
                 the
                 Child
                 hit
                 the
                 Bread
                 ,
                 he
                 must
                 fast
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 Mother
                 gives
                 him
                 the
                 Bread
                 to
                 eat
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 II.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   
                     Medera
                     ,
                     Britain
                     ,
                     Gallia
                     ,
                     Celtiberia
                     ,
                     Iberia
                  
                   and
                   Tyrrhenia
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   Laws
                   and
                   Customs
                   .
                
              
               
                 SInce
                 we
                 have
                 gone
                 through
                 the
                 Islands
                 lying
                 Eastward
                 ,
                 on
                 this
                 side
                 within
                 the
                 Pillars
                 of
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 lanch
                 into
                 the
                 main
                 Ocean
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 lye
                 beyond
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 over
                 against
                 Africa
                 ,
                 lies
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 *
                 Island
                 in
                 the
                 vast
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 of
                 many
                 Days
                 Sayl
                 from
                 
                   Lybia
                   ,
                   Westward
                
                 .
                 The
                 Soyl
                 here
                 is
                 very
                 fruitful
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 whereof
                 is
                 Mountainous
                 ,
                 but
                 much
                 likewise
                 Champain
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 sweet
                 and
                 pleasant
                 part
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 's
                 water'd
                 with
                 several
                 navigable
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 beautify'd
                 with
                 many
                 †
                 Gardens
                 of
                 Pleasure
                 ,
                 planted
                 with
                 divers
                 sorts
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 abundance
                 of
                 Orchards
                 ,
                 interlac'd
                 with
                 Currents
                 of
                 sweet
                 Water
                 .
                 The
                 Towns
                 are
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 stately
                 Buildings
                 ,
                 and
                 Banquetting
                 Houses
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 ,
                 pleasantly
                 situated
                 in
                 their
                 Gardens
                 and
                 Orchards
                 .
                 And
                 here
                 they
                 recreate
                 themselves
                 in
                 Summer
                 Time
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 Places
                 accomodated
                 for
                 Pleasure
                 and
                 Delight
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Mountainous
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 is
                 cloathed
                 with
                 many
                 large
                 *
                 Woods
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Fruit-Trees
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 greater
                 Delight
                 and
                 Diversion
                 of
                 People
                 in
                 these
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 they
                 ever
                 and
                 anon
                 open
                 themselves
                 into
                 pleasant
                 Vales
                 ,
                 watered
                 with
                 Fountains
                 and
                 refreshing
                 Springs
                 :
                 And
                 indeed
                 the
                 whole
                 
                 Island
                 abounds
                 with
                 Springs
                 of
                 sweet
                 Water
                 :
                 Whence
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 not
                 only
                 reap
                 pleasure
                 and
                 delight
                 ,
                 but
                 improve
                 in
                 Health
                 and
                 Strength
                 of
                 Body
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 you
                 may
                 have
                 Game
                 enough
                 in
                 Hunting
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Wild
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 's
                 such
                 plenty
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 their
                 Feasts
                 there
                 's
                 nothing
                 wanting
                 either
                 as
                 to
                 Pomp
                 or
                 Delight
                 .
                 The
                 adjoyning
                 Sea
                 furnishes
                 them
                 plentifully
                 with
                 Fish
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Ocean
                 there
                 naturally
                 abounds
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Air
                 and
                 Climate
                 in
                 this
                 Island
                 is
                 very
                 Mild
                 and
                 Healthful
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Trees
                 bear
                 Fruit
                 (
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 that
                 are
                 produc'd
                 there
                 ,
                 are
                 fresh
                 and
                 beautiful
                 )
                 most
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 this
                 Island
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 excellency
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 all
                 respects
                 )
                 seems
                 rather
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Residence
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 than
                 of
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 Anciently
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 its
                 remote
                 situation
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 altogether
                 unknown
                 ,
                 but
                 afterwards
                 discover'd
                 upon
                 this
                 occasion
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Phaenicians
                 in
                 ancient
                 Times
                 undertook
                 frequent
                 Voyages
                 by
                 Sea
                 ,
                 in
                 way
                 of
                 Traffick
                 as
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 planted
                 many
                 Colonies
                 both
                 in
                 Africa
                 and
                 in
                 these
                 Western
                 Parts
                 of
                 Europe
                 .
                 These
                 Merchants
                 succeeding
                 in
                 their
                 undertaking
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 growing
                 very
                 rich
                 ,
                 pass'd
                 at
                 length
                 beyond
                 the
                 Pillars
                 of
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 call'd
                 the
                 Ocean
                 :
                 And
                 first
                 they
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 call'd
                 Gades
                 ,
                 near
                 to
                 Hercules
                 his
                 Pillars
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Sea-side
                 ,
                 in
                 an
                 Isthmus
                 in
                 Europe
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 ,
                 among
                 other
                 things
                 proper
                 for
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 they
                 built
                 a
                 stately
                 Temple
                 to
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 and
                 instituted
                 splendid
                 Sacrifices
                 to
                 be
                 offer'd
                 to
                 him
                 after
                 the
                 Rites
                 and
                 Customs
                 of
                 the
                 Phaenicians
                 .
                 This
                 Temple
                 is
                 in
                 great
                 Veneration
                 at
                 this
                 Day
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 in
                 former
                 Ages
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 famous
                 and
                 renown'd
                 both
                 for
                 their
                 Births
                 and
                 glorious
                 Actions
                 ,
                 have
                 made
                 their
                 Vows
                 to
                 this
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 Success
                 in
                 their
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 have
                 faithfully
                 perform'd
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 The
                 Phaenicians
                 therefore
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 before
                 related
                 ,
                 having
                 found
                 out
                 the
                 Coasts
                 beyond
                 the
                 Pillars
                 ,
                 and
                 sailing
                 along
                 by
                 the
                 Shoar
                 of
                 Africa
                 ,
                 were
                 on
                 a
                 suddain
                 driven
                 by
                 a
                 furious
                 Storm
                 afar
                 off
                 into
                 the
                 main
                 Ocean
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 lain
                 under
                 this
                 violent
                 Tempest
                 for
                 many
                 Days
                 ,
                 they
                 at
                 length
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 this
                 Island
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 nature
                 and
                 pleasantness
                 of
                 this
                 Isle
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 discover'd
                 it
                 others
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 the
                 Hetrurians
                 (
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 Masters
                 at
                 Sea
                 )
                 design'd
                 to
                 send
                 a
                 Colony
                 thither
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 oppos'd
                 them
                 ,
                 both
                 fearing
                 lest
                 most
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Citizens
                 should
                 be
                 allur'd
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 goodness
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 )
                 to
                 settle
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 intending
                 to
                 keep
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 Place
                 of
                 Refuge
                 for
                 themselves
                 ,
                 in
                 case
                 of
                 any
                 suddain
                 and
                 unexpected
                 blasts
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 which
                 might
                 tend
                 to
                 the
                 utter
                 ruin
                 of
                 their
                 Government
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 then
                 Potent
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 they
                 doubted
                 not
                 but
                 they
                 could
                 easily
                 (
                 unknown
                 to
                 the
                 Conquerors
                 )
                 transport
                 themselves
                 and
                 their
                 Families
                 into
                 that
                 
                 Island
                 .
                 Having
                 now
                 spoken
                 sufficiently
                 of
                 the
                 African
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Islands
                 belonging
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 pass
                 over
                 to
                 Europe
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 over
                 against
                 the
                 French
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 opposite
                 to
                 the
                 Hircinian
                 Mountains
                 (
                 which
                 are
                 the
                 greatest
                 of
                 any
                 in
                 Europe
                 )
                 there
                 lye
                 in
                 the
                 Ocean
                 many
                 Islands
                 ;
                 the
                 greatest
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 that
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 Britain
                 ,
                 which
                 anciently
                 remain'd
                 untoucht
                 ,
                 free
                 
                 from
                 all
                 Foreign
                 Force
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 was
                 never
                 known
                 that
                 either
                 
                   Bacchus
                   ,
                   Hercules
                
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 Heroes
                 or
                 Princes
                 ,
                 ever
                 made
                 any
                 attempt
                 upon
                 it
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 :
                 But
                 
                   Julius
                   Caesar
                
                 in
                 our
                 time
                 (
                 who
                 by
                 his
                 great
                 Atchievments
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 †
                 Divine
                 )
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 (
                 that
                 any
                 other
                 makes
                 mention
                 of
                 )
                 that
                 conquer'd
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 compell'd
                 the
                 Britains
                 to
                 pay
                 Tribute
                 .
                 But
                 these
                 things
                 shall
                 be
                 more
                 particularly
                 treated
                 of
                 in
                 their
                 proper
                 time
                 :
                 We
                 shall
                 now
                 only
                 say
                 something
                 concerning
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Tin
                 that
                 's
                 found
                 there
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Form
                 it
                 's
                 Triangular
                 ,
                 like
                 Sicily
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Sides
                 are
                 unequal
                 .
                 It
                 lies
                 in
                 an
                 
                 Oblique
                 Line
                 ,
                 over
                 against
                 the
                 Continent
                 of
                 Europe
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Promontory
                 call'd
                 *
                 Cantium
                 ,
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 Continent
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 is
                 about
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Furlongs
                 from
                 the
                 Land
                 :
                 Here
                 the
                 Sea
                 ebbs
                 and
                 flows
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 other
                 Point
                 call'd
                 †
                 Belerium
                 ,
                 is
                 Four
                 Days
                 Sail
                 from
                 the
                 Continent
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 last
                 call'd
                 *
                 Horcas
                 or
                 Orcas
                 ,
                 runs
                 out
                 far
                 into
                 the
                 Sea.
                 The
                 least
                 of
                 the
                 Sides
                 facing
                 the
                 whole
                 Continent
                 ,
                 is
                 Seven
                 Thousand
                 and
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 length
                 ;
                 the
                 Second
                 stretching
                 out
                 itself
                 all
                 along
                 from
                 the
                 Sea
                 to
                 the
                 highest
                 Point
                 ,
                 is
                 Fifteen
                 Thousand
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 last
                 is
                 Twenty
                 Thousand
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Compass
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 is
                 Forty
                 Two
                 Thousand
                 ,
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 Furlongs
                 .
                 The
                 Inhabitants
                 are
                 the
                 Original
                 People
                 thereof
                 ,
                 and
                 live
                 to
                 this
                 time
                 after
                 their
                 own
                 ancient
                 manner
                 and
                 custom
                 :
                 For
                 in
                 Fights
                 they
                 use
                 Chariots
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 the
                 old
                 Grecian
                 Heroes
                 did
                 in
                 the
                 Trojan
                 War.
                 They
                 dwell
                 in
                 mean
                 Cottages
                 ,
                 covered
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 with
                 Reeds
                 or
                 Sticks
                 .
                 In
                 reaping
                 of
                 their
                 Corn
                 ,
                 they
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 Ears
                 from
                 the
                 Stalk
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 house
                 them
                 up
                 in
                 Repositories
                 under
                 Ground
                 ;
                 thence
                 they
                 take
                 and
                 pluck
                 out
                 the
                 Grains
                 of
                 as
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 oldest
                 of
                 them
                 as
                 may
                 serve
                 them
                 for
                 the
                 day
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 have
                 bruis'd
                 the
                 Corn
                 ,
                 make
                 it
                 into
                 Bread.
                 They
                 are
                 of
                 much
                 Sincerity
                 and
                 Integrity
                 ,
                 far
                 from
                 the
                 Craft
                 and
                 Knavery
                 of
                 Men
                 among
                 us
                 ;
                 contented
                 with
                 plain
                 and
                 homely
                 Fare
                 ,
                 Strangers
                 to
                 the
                 Excess
                 and
                 Luxury
                 of
                 Rich
                 Men.
                 The
                 Island
                 is
                 very
                 Populous
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 a
                 cold
                 Climate
                 ,
                 subject
                 to
                 Frosts
                 ,
                 being
                 under
                 the
                 †
                 Artick
                 Pole.
                 They
                 are
                 govern'd
                 by
                 several
                 Kings
                 and
                 Princes
                 ,
                 who
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 are
                 at
                 Peace
                 and
                 Amity
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 .
                 But
                 of
                 their
                 Laws
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 peculiar
                 to
                 this
                 Island
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 treat
                 more
                 particularly
                 ,
                 when
                 we
                 come
                 to
                 
                 Caesar's
                 Expedition
                 into
                 Britain
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 we
                 shall
                 speak
                 something
                 of
                 the
                 Tin
                 that
                 's
                 dug
                 and
                 gotten
                 there
                 .
                 They
                 that
                 inhabit
                 the
                 British
                 Promontary
                 of
                 *
                 Balerium
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 Converse
                 with
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 are
                 more
                 civiliz'd
                 and
                 courteous
                 to
                 Strangers
                 than
                 the
                 rest
                 are
                 .
                 These
                 are
                 the
                 People
                 that
                 make
                 the
                 Tin
                 ,
                 which
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Care
                 and
                 Labour
                 they
                 dig
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ground
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 being
                 Rocky
                 ,
                 the
                 Meetle
                 is
                 mixt
                 with
                 some
                 Veins
                 of
                 Earth
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 melt
                 the
                 Mettle
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 refine
                 it
                 :
                 Then
                 they
                 beat
                 it
                 into
                 Four-square
                 Pieces
                 like
                 to
                 a
                 Dye
                 ,
                 and
                 carry
                 it
                 to
                 a
                 British
                 Isle
                 near
                 at
                 Hand
                 ,
                 call'd
                 †
                 Ictis
                 .
                 For
                 at
                 low
                 Tide
                 ,
                 all
                 being
                 dry
                 between
                 them
                 and
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 they
                 convey
                 over
                 in
                 Carts
                 abundance
                 of
                 Tin
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 .
                 But
                 there
                 's
                 one
                 thing
                 peculiar
                 to
                 these
                 Islands
                 which
                 lye
                 between
                 Britain
                 and
                 Europe
                 :
                 For
                 at
                 Full
                 Sea
                 ,
                 they
                 appear
                 to
                 be
                 Islands
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 low
                 Water
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 Way
                 ,
                 they
                 look
                 like
                 so
                 many
                 
                 Peninsula's
                 .
                 Hence
                 the
                 Merchants
                 transport
                 the
                 Tin
                 they
                 buy
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 to
                 France
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 Thirty
                 Days
                 Journey
                 ,
                 they
                 carry
                 it
                 in
                 Packs
                 upon
                 Horses
                 Backs
                 through
                 France
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 *
                 Rhosne
                 .
                 But
                 thus
                 much
                 concerning
                 Tin.
                 Now
                 something
                 remains
                 to
                 be
                 said
                 of
                 Amber
                 .
              
               
                 Over
                 against
                 Scythia
                 above
                 Gall
                 in
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 lies
                 an
                 Island
                 call'd
                 †
                 Basilea
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 there
                 's
                 cast
                 by
                 the
                 working
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 abundance
                 of
                 Amber
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
               
               
                 Many
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 Historians
                 have
                 written
                 incredible
                 Stories
                 of
                 this
                 Amber
                 ,
                 which
                 since
                 have
                 been
                 experienc'd
                 to
                 be
                 false
                 :
                 For
                 many
                 Poets
                 and
                 other
                 Writers
                 report
                 ,
                 that
                 Phaeton
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 *
                 Sol
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 but
                 as
                 yet
                 a
                 young
                 Boy
                 ,
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 his
                 Father
                 to
                 give
                 him
                 liberty
                 to
                 drive
                 his
                 Chariot
                 for
                 one
                 Day
                 :
                 
                 Which
                 Request
                 obtain'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Youth
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 manage
                 the
                 Reins
                 ,
                 the
                 Horses
                 scorn'd
                 the
                 Charioteer
                 ,
                 and
                 forsook
                 their
                 ancient
                 Course
                 ,
                 and
                 ran
                 wildly
                 and
                 disorderly
                 through
                 the
                 Heavens
                 ,
                 and
                 first
                 set
                 them
                 on
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 caus'd
                 that
                 Tract
                 call'd
                 the
                 †
                 
                   Milky
                   Way
                
                 ;
                 then
                 burning
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 many
                 Countries
                 were
                 laid
                 waste
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 Jupiter
                 was
                 so
                 inrag'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 threw
                 a
                 Thunder-blot
                 at
                 Phaeton
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 Sol
                 to
                 guide
                 his
                 Steeds
                 into
                 their
                 wonted
                 Course
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 Phaeton
                 himself
                 fell
                 down
                 into
                 the
                 River
                 Po
                 ,
                 anciently
                 call'd
                 Eridanus
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 his
                 Sisters
                 greatly
                 bewailing
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 (
                 through
                 excessive
                 grief
                 )
                 chang'd
                 their
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 transform'd
                 into
                 Poplar
                 Trees
                 ,
                 which
                 Yearly
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 distil
                 their
                 Tears
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Concretion
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 becomes
                 this
                 Electrum
                 or
                 Amber
                 ,
                 which
                 for
                 Beauty
                 and
                 Brightness
                 ,
                 excels
                 all
                 others
                 of
                 its
                 Kind
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 distill'd
                 most
                 in
                 that
                 Country
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Deaths
                 of
                 Young
                 Men
                 are
                 solemnly
                 bewail'd
                 .
                 But
                 forasmuch
                 as
                 they
                 that
                 have
                 invented
                 this
                 Story
                 ,
                 have
                 turn'd
                 their
                 Backs
                 upon
                 Truth
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 later
                 Ages
                 have
                 disprov'd
                 it
                 by
                 Experience
                 of
                 the
                 Contrary
                 ,
                 regard
                 is
                 rather
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 to
                 true
                 and
                 Faithful
                 Historians
                 .
                 For
                 Amber
                 is
                 gather'd
                 in
                 this
                 Island
                 before-mention'd
                 ,
                 and
                 transported
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 into
                 the
                 opposite
                 Continent
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 it
                 's
                 brought
                 over
                 to
                 us
                 in
                 these
                 Parts
                 as
                 is
                 before
                 declar'd
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 Account
                 given
                 of
                 the
                 Western
                 Islands
                 ,
                 we
                 conceive
                 it
                 not
                 impertinent
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 briefly
                 relate
                 some
                 things
                 which
                 were
                 omitted
                 in
                 the
                 former
                 Books
                 concerning
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Nations
                 in
                 Europe
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 *
                 Celtica
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 once
                 rul'd
                 a
                 famous
                 Man
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 a
                 Daughter
                 of
                 a
                 more
                 Tall
                 and
                 Majestick
                 Stature
                 than
                 ordinary
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 Beauty
                 far
                 beyond
                 all
                 others
                 of
                 her
                 Sex.
                 This
                 Lady
                 glorying
                 much
                 both
                 in
                 her
                 Strength
                 and
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 despis'd
                 all
                 that
                 courted
                 her
                 ,
                 as
                 judging
                 none
                 worthy
                 of
                 her
                 Bed.
                 It
                 happened
                 that
                 Hercules
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 he
                 was
                 ingag'd
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 Gallia
                 ,
                 marcht
                 into
                 Celtica
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 built
                 †
                 Alesia
                 .
                 When
                 this
                 young
                 Virgin
                 saw
                 him
                 ,
                 admiring
                 both
                 his
                 Valour
                 and
                 stately
                 Proportion
                 ,
                 she
                 readily
                 admitted
                 him
                 to
                 her
                 Bed
                 ;
                 yet
                 not
                 without
                 the
                 consent
                 of
                 her
                 Parents
                 .
                 Of
                 this
                 Lady
                 he
                 begat
                 Galetes
                 ,
                 who
                 for
                 Virtues
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 and
                 strength
                 of
                 Body
                 ,
                 far
                 excell'd
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Nation
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Man's
                 Estate
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 possess'd
                 of
                 his
                 Grandfather's
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 he
                 subdu'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Countries
                 ,
                 and
                 perform'd
                 many
                 notable
                 Atchievments
                 by
                 his
                 Sword.
                 His
                 Valour
                 being
                 every
                 where
                 nois'd
                 Abroad
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 his
                 Subjects
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 ,
                 *
                 Galatians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Country
                 †
                 
                   Gallatia
                   ,
                   Gall.
                
                 
              
               
                 Having
                 shewn
                 the
                 Original
                 of
                 the
                 Name
                 ,
                 something
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 said
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 it self
                 .
                 Gall
                 is
                 inhabited
                 by
                 several
                 Nations
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 all
                 alike
                 Populous
                 :
                 The
                 greatest
                 of
                 them
                 have
                 in
                 'em
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 the
                 least
                 but
                 Fifty
                 Thousand
                 .
                 Of
                 these
                 there
                 's
                 one
                 that
                 has
                 been
                 an
                 Ancient
                 Ally
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 and
                 continues
                 so
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 regard
                 it
                 lies
                 for
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 under
                 the
                 Artick
                 Pole
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 very
                 cold
                 ,
                 and
                 subject
                 to
                 Frosts
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 Winter
                 in
                 Cloudy
                 Days
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 Rain
                 ,
                 the
                 Earth
                 is
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Snow
                 ;
                 in
                 clear
                 Weather
                 ,
                 every
                 Place
                 is
                 so
                 full
                 of
                 Ice
                 and
                 Frost
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Rivers
                 are
                 frozen
                 up
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 naturally
                 cover'd
                 over
                 with
                 Bridges
                 of
                 Ice
                 .
                 For
                 not
                 only
                 a
                 small
                 Company
                 of
                 Travellers
                 ,
                 but
                 vast
                 Armies
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Chariots
                 and
                 loaden
                 Carriages
                 ,
                 may
                 pass
                 over
                 without
                 any
                 
                 danger
                 or
                 hazard
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 many
                 great
                 Rivers
                 run
                 through
                 Gaul
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 their
                 various
                 Windings
                 and
                 turnings
                 cut
                 through
                 and
                 parcel
                 the
                 Champain
                 Grounds
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 have
                 their
                 Spring-heads
                 from
                 deep
                 Lakes
                 ,
                 others
                 issue
                 out
                 from
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 and
                 empty
                 themselves
                 either
                 into
                 the
                 Ocean
                 or
                 into
                 our
                 *
                 Seas
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 greatest
                 that
                 falls
                 into
                 our
                 Sea
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Rhosne
                 ,
                 which
                 rises
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Alps
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 Five
                 Mouths
                 ,
                 disgorges
                 itself
                 into
                 the
                 Sea.
                 Of
                 those
                 that
                 empty
                 themselves
                 into
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 are
                 the
                 Danube
                 and
                 the
                 Rhine
                 ;
                 over
                 the
                 last
                 of
                 which
                 Caesar
                 ,
                 call'd
                 †
                 Divus
                 ,
                 (
                 in
                 our
                 time
                 )
                 to
                 admiration
                 ,
                 cast
                 a
                 Bridge
                 ,
                 and
                 past
                 over
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 subdu'd
                 the
                 Gauls
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 .
              
               
               
                 There
                 are
                 many
                 other
                 Navigable
                 Rivers
                 in
                 Celtica
                 ,
                 to
                 write
                 of
                 which
                 particularly
                 would
                 be
                 tedious
                 :
                 Almost
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 are
                 some
                 times
                 Frozen
                 up
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 Bridges
                 were
                 cast
                 over
                 their
                 Channels
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Ice
                 being
                 naturally
                 smooth
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 Slippery
                 to
                 the
                 Passengers
                 ,
                 they
                 throw
                 Chaff
                 upon
                 it
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 go
                 the
                 more
                 firmly
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 many
                 Places
                 of
                 Gaul
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 something
                 strange
                 and
                 very
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 fit
                 to
                 pass
                 over
                 in
                 silence
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 West
                 and
                 North
                 Winds
                 in
                 Summer
                 are
                 so
                 fierce
                 and
                 violent
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 fling
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 great
                 Stones
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 a
                 Man
                 can
                 grasp
                 in
                 his
                 Hands
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 a
                 Cloud
                 of
                 Gravel
                 and
                 Dust
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 this
                 Whirlwind
                 is
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 forces
                 Mens
                 Arms
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Hands
                 ,
                 rents
                 their
                 Cloaths
                 off
                 their
                 Backs
                 ,
                 and
                 dismounts
                 the
                 Rider
                 from
                 his
                 Horse
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 excessive
                 Cold
                 and
                 immoderate
                 Temper
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 cause
                 why
                 the
                 Earth
                 in
                 these
                 Parts
                 produces
                 neither
                 Wine
                 nor
                 Oyl
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Gauls
                 to
                 supply
                 the
                 want
                 of
                 these
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 make
                 a
                 Drink
                 of
                 Barley
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 Xythus
                 :
                 They
                 mix
                 likewise
                 their
                 Hony-Combs
                 with
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 that
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 purpose
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 so
                 exceedingly
                 given
                 to
                 Wine
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 guzle
                 it
                 down
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 imported
                 by
                 the
                 Merchant
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 so
                 eager
                 and
                 inordinate
                 ,
                 that
                 making
                 themselves
                 drunk
                 ,
                 they
                 either
                 fall
                 dead
                 asleep
                 ,
                 or
                 become
                 stark
                 mad
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 many
                 Italian
                 Merchants
                 (
                 to
                 gratify
                 their
                 own
                 Covetousness
                 )
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 Drunkenness
                 of
                 the
                 Gauls
                 to
                 advance
                 their
                 own
                 profit
                 and
                 gain
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 convey
                 the
                 Wine
                 to
                 'em
                 both
                 by
                 Navigable
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Land
                 in
                 Carts
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 back
                 an
                 incredible
                 price
                 :
                 For
                 in
                 lieu
                 of
                 a
                 Hogshead
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 they
                 receive
                 a
                 Boy
                 ,
                 giving
                 Drink
                 in
                 truck
                 for
                 a
                 Servant
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Gaul
                 there
                 are
                 no
                 Silver
                 Mines
                 ,
                 but
                 much
                 Gold
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 supplies
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 labour
                 or
                 toyl
                 of
                 digging
                 in
                 the
                 Mines
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 winding
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 washing
                 with
                 its
                 Streams
                 ,
                 the
                 Feet
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 carries
                 away
                 great
                 pieces
                 of
                 Golden
                 Ore
                 ,
                 which
                 those
                 imploy'd
                 in
                 this
                 business
                 gather
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 grind
                 and
                 bruise
                 these
                 Clods
                 of
                 Golden
                 Earth
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 so
                 done
                 ,
                 cleanse
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 gross
                 Earthy
                 part
                 ,
                 by
                 washing
                 them
                 in
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 melt
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 Furnace
                 ;
                 and
                 thus
                 get
                 together
                 a
                 vast
                 heap
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 Women
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Men
                 deck
                 and
                 adorn
                 themselves
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 wear
                 Bracelets
                 of
                 this
                 Mettal
                 about
                 their
                 Wrists
                 and
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 massy
                 Chains
                 of
                 pure
                 and
                 beaten
                 Gold
                 about
                 their
                 Necks
                 ,
                 and
                 weighty
                 Rings
                 upon
                 their
                 Fingers
                 ,
                 and
                 Croslets
                 of
                 Gold
                 upon
                 their
                 Breasts
                 .
                 The
                 Custom
                 observ'd
                 by
                 the
                 higher
                 Gauls
                 in
                 the
                 Temples
                 of
                 their
                 Gods
                 ,
                 is
                 admirably
                 remarkable
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 their
                 Oratories
                 and
                 sacred
                 Temples
                 of
                 this
                 Country
                 ,
                 in
                 honour
                 of
                 
                 their
                 Gods
                 they
                 scatter
                 Pieces
                 of
                 Gold
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 ,
                 which
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 (
                 their
                 superstitious
                 Devotion
                 is
                 such
                 )
                 will
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 touch
                 or
                 meddle
                 with
                 ,
                 tho
                 the
                 Gauls
                 are
                 of
                 themselves
                 most
                 exceeding
                 Covetous
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 Stature
                 they
                 are
                 tall
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 a
                 *
                 sweaty
                 and
                 pale
                 Complexion
                 ,
                 Red-Hair'd
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 Naturally
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 endeavour
                 all
                 they
                 can
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 redder
                 by
                 Art.
                 They
                 often
                 wash
                 their
                 Hair
                 in
                 a
                 Water
                 boyl'd
                 with
                 Lime
                 ,
                 and
                 turn
                 it
                 backward
                 from
                 the
                 Forehead
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 the
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 to
                 their
                 very
                 Necks
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Faces
                 may
                 be
                 more
                 fully
                 seen
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 look
                 like
                 Satyrs
                 and
                 Hobgoblins
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 sort
                 of
                 management
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 their
                 Hair
                 is
                 as
                 hard
                 a
                 Horse's
                 Mane.
                 Some
                 of
                 them
                 shave
                 their
                 Beards
                 ;
                 others
                 let
                 them
                 grow
                 a
                 little
                 .
                 The
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 shave
                 their
                 Chins
                 close
                 ,
                 but
                 their
                 Mustaches
                 they
                 let
                 fall
                 so
                 low
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 even
                 cover
                 their
                 Mouths
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 eat
                 ,
                 their
                 Meat
                 hangs
                 tangling
                 in
                 their
                 Hair
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 drink
                 ,
                 the
                 Liquor
                 runs
                 through
                 their
                 Mustaches
                 as
                 through
                 a
                 Sieve
                 .
                 At
                 Meal-time
                 they
                 all
                 sit
                 ,
                 not
                 upon
                 Seats
                 ,
                 but
                 upon
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 instead
                 of
                 Carpets
                 ,
                 spread
                 Wolves
                 or
                 Dogs
                 Skins
                 under
                 them
                 .
                 Young
                 Boys
                 and
                 Girls
                 attend
                 them
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 yet
                 but
                 meer
                 Children
                 .
                 Near
                 at
                 Hand
                 they
                 have
                 their
                 Chimneys
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Fires
                 well
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Pots
                 and
                 Spits
                 full
                 of
                 whole
                 Joynts
                 of
                 Flesh
                 Meat
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 fairest
                 Joynts
                 (
                 in
                 a
                 way
                 of
                 due
                 honour
                 and
                 regard
                 )
                 they
                 set
                 before
                 the
                 Persons
                 of
                 best
                 Quality
                 :
                 As
                 Homer
                 introduces
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Captains
                 entertaining
                 of
                 Ajax
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 return'd
                 
                 Victor
                 from
                 his
                 single
                 Combat
                 with
                 Hector
                 ,
                 in
                 this
                 Verse
                 —
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   But
                   Agamemnon
                   as
                   a
                   favouring
                   Sign
                   ,
                
                 
                   Before
                   great
                   Ajax
                   set
                   the
                   lusty
                   Chine
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 They
                 invite
                 likewise
                 Strangers
                 to
                 their
                 Feasts
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 all
                 's
                 over
                 ,
                 they
                 ask
                 who
                 they
                 are
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 's
                 their
                 Business
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 very
                 midst
                 of
                 Feasting
                 ,
                 upon
                 any
                 small
                 occasion
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 ordinary
                 for
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 heat
                 to
                 rise
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 any
                 regard
                 of
                 their
                 Lives
                 ,
                 to
                 fall
                 to
                 it
                 with
                 their
                 Swords
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 opinion
                 of
                 Pythagoras
                 prevails
                 much
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 Mens
                 Souls
                 are
                 Immortal
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Transmigration
                 of
                 them
                 into
                 other
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 a
                 certain
                 time
                 they
                 live
                 again
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 in
                 their
                 Funerals
                 they
                 write
                 Letters
                 to
                 their
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 throw
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 Funeral
                 Pile
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 read
                 by
                 the
                 Deceas'd
                 .
                 In
                 their
                 Journeys
                 and
                 Fights
                 they
                 use
                 Chariots
                 drawn
                 with
                 Two
                 Horses
                 ,
                 which
                 carry
                 a
                 Charioteer
                 and
                 a
                 Souldier
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 meet
                 Horsemen
                 in
                 the
                 Battle
                 ,
                 they
                 fall
                 upon
                 their
                 Enemies
                 with
                 their
                 †
                 Saunians
                 ;
                 then
                 quitting
                 their
                 Chariots
                 ,
                 they
                 to
                 it
                 with
                 their
                 Swords
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 so
                 despise
                 Death
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 'l
                 Fight
                 naked
                 ,
                 with
                 something
                 only
                 about
                 their
                 Loyns
                 .
                 They
                 carry
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Wars
                 for
                 their
                 Servants
                 *
                 Libertines
                 ,
                 chosen
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 poorer
                 sort
                 of
                 People
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 for
                 Wagoners
                 ,
                 and
                 Pedees
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Army
                 is
                 drawn
                 up
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 usual
                 for
                 some
                 of
                 'em
                 to
                 step
                 out
                 before
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 challenge
                 the
                 stoutest
                 of
                 their
                 Enemy
                 to
                 a
                 single
                 Combat
                 ,
                 brandishing
                 their
                 Arms
                 to
                 terrify
                 their
                 Adversary
                 .
                 If
                 any
                 comes
                 forth
                 to
                 fight
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 then
                 they
                 sing
                 some
                 Song
                 in
                 commendation
                 of
                 the
                 valiant
                 Acts
                 of
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 and
                 blazon
                 out
                 their
                 own
                 Praises
                 :
                 On
                 the
                 contrary
                 they
                 vilify
                 their
                 Adversary
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 forth
                 slighting
                 and
                 contemptuous
                 Words
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 Courage
                 .
                 When
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 they
                 cut
                 off
                 their
                 Enemies
                 Heads
                 ,
                 they
                 hang
                 'em
                 about
                 their
                 Horses
                 Necks
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 deliver
                 their
                 Spoils
                 to
                 their
                 Servants
                 ,
                 all
                 besinear'd
                 with
                 Blood
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 carry'd
                 before
                 them
                 in
                 Triumph
                 ,
                 they
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 singing
                 the
                 triumphant
                 †
                 Paean
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 the
                 chief
                 of
                 their
                 Spoils
                 ,
                 they
                 fasten
                 those
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 over
                 the
                 Doors
                 of
                 their
                 Houses
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 many
                 Wild
                 Beasts
                 taken
                 in
                 Hunting
                 .
                 The
                 Heads
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 that
                 were
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 ,
                 they
                 carefully
                 deposite
                 in
                 Chests
                 ,
                 emblaming
                 them
                 with
                 the
                 Oyl
                 of
                 Cedars
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 shewing
                 them
                 to
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 glory
                 and
                 boast
                 how
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 their
                 Fathers
                 or
                 themselves
                 (
                 though
                 great
                 Sums
                 of
                 Money
                 have
                 been
                 offer'd
                 for
                 them
                 )
                 yet
                 have
                 refus'd
                 to
                 accept
                 '
                 em
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 glory
                 so
                 much
                 upon
                 this
                 account
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 refuse
                 to
                 take
                 for
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 heads
                 its
                 weight
                 in
                 Gold
                 ;
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 exposing
                 their
                 barbarous
                 Magnanimity
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 's
                 brave
                 and
                 generous
                 indeed
                 not
                 to
                 sell
                 the
                 Ensigns
                 of
                 true
                 Valour
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 fight
                 with
                 the
                 dead
                 Bodies
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 Men
                 like
                 our selves
                 ,
                 resembles
                 the
                 cruelty
                 of
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 .
              
               
                 Their
                 Garments
                 are
                 very
                 strange
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 wear
                 party
                 coloured
                 Coats
                 ,
                 interwoven
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 with
                 divers
                 sorts
                 of
                 Flowers
                 ;
                 and
                 Hose
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 Brac●
                 .
                 They
                 make
                 likewise
                 their
                 Cassocks
                 of
                 †
                 Basket-work
                 join'd
                 together
                 with
                 Laces
                 on
                 the
                 †
                 inside
                 ,
                 and
                 chequer'd
                 with
                 many
                 pieces
                 of
                 work
                 like
                 Flowers
                 ;
                 those
                 they
                 wear
                 in
                 
                 Winter
                 are
                 thicker
                 ,
                 those
                 in
                 Summer
                 more
                 slender
                 .
              
               
                 Their
                 defensive
                 Arms
                 are
                 a
                 Shield
                 ,
                 proportionable
                 to
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 a
                 Man
                 ,
                 garnish'd
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 Ensigns
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 carry
                 the
                 shapes
                 of
                 Beasts
                 in
                 Brass
                 ,
                 artifically
                 wrought
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 for
                 Defence
                 as
                 Ornament
                 .
                 Upon
                 their
                 Heads
                 they
                 wear
                 Helmets
                 of
                 Brass
                 ,
                 with
                 large
                 Pieces
                 of
                 Work
                 rais'd
                 upon
                 'em
                 for
                 ostentation
                 sake
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 admir'd
                 by
                 the
                 Beholders
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 have
                 either
                 Horns
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Mettal
                 joyn'd
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 shapes
                 of
                 Birds
                 and
                 Beasts
                 carv'd
                 upon
                 them
                 .
                 They
                 have
                 Trumpets
                 after
                 the
                 Barbarian
                 manner
                 ,
                 which
                 in
                 sounding
                 make
                 a
                 horrid
                 noise
                 ,
                 to
                 strike
                 a
                 terror
                 fit
                 and
                 proper
                 for
                 the
                 occasion
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 them
                 wear
                 Iron
                 Breast-plates
                 ,
                 and
                 hookt
                 ;
                 but
                 others
                 ,
                 content
                 with
                 what
                 Arms
                 Nature
                 affords
                 them
                 ,
                 fight
                 naked
                 .
                 For
                 Swords
                 ,
                 they
                 use
                 a
                 long
                 and
                 broad
                 Weapon
                 call'd
                 Spatha
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 hang
                 cross
                 their
                 right
                 Thigh
                 by
                 Iron
                 or
                 Brazen
                 Chains
                 .
                 Some
                 gird
                 themselves
                 over
                 their
                 Coats
                 ,
                 with
                 Belts
                 gilt
                 with
                 Gold
                 or
                 Silver
                 .
                 For
                 Darts
                 they
                 cast
                 those
                 they
                 call
                 Launces
                 ,
                 whose
                 Iron
                 Shafts
                 are
                 a
                 Cubit
                 or
                 more
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 Two
                 Hands
                 in
                 breadth
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 their
                 Swords
                 are
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 the
                 *
                 Saunians
                 of
                 other
                 People
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Points
                 of
                 their
                 Saunians
                 are
                 larger
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 their
                 Swords
                 ;
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 are
                 straight
                 ,
                 others
                 bow'd
                 and
                 bending
                 backwards
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 not
                 only
                 cut
                 ,
                 but
                 
                 break
                 the
                 Flesh
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Dart
                 is
                 drawn
                 out
                 ,
                 it
                 tears
                 and
                 rents
                 the
                 Wound
                 most
                 miserably
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 People
                 are
                 of
                 a
                 most
                 terrible
                 Aspect
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 a
                 most
                 dreadful
                 and
                 loud
                 Voice
                 .
                 In
                 their
                 Converse
                 they
                 are
                 sparing
                 of
                 their
                 Words
                 ,
                 and
                 speak
                 many
                 things
                 darkly
                 and
                 *
                 figuratively
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 High
                 and
                 Hyperbolical
                 in
                 trumpeting
                 
                 out
                 their
                 own
                 Praises
                 ,
                 but
                 speak
                 slightly
                 and
                 contemptibly
                 of
                 others
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 apt
                 to
                 menace
                 others
                 ,
                 self-opinionated
                 ,
                 grievously
                 provoking
                 ;
                 of
                 sharp
                 Wits
                 ,
                 and
                 apt
                 to
                 learn.
                 
              
               
                 Among
                 them
                 they
                 have
                 Poets
                 ,
                 that
                 sing
                 melodious
                 Songs
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 call
                 ‖
                 Bards
                 ,
                 who
                 to
                 their
                 Musical
                 Instruments
                 like
                 unto
                 Harps
                 ,
                 chant
                 forth
                 the
                 praises
                 of
                 some
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 dispraises
                 of
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 likewise
                 among
                 them
                 Philosophers
                 and
                 Divines
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 call
                 *
                 Saronidae
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 held
                 in
                 great
                 Veneration
                 and
                 Esteem
                 .
                 Prophets
                 likewise
                 they
                 have
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 highly
                 honour
                 ,
                 who
                 foretel
                 future
                 Events
                 ,
                 by
                 viewing
                 the
                 Intrals
                 of
                 the
                 Sacrifices
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 these
                 Soothsayers
                 all
                 the
                 People
                 generally
                 are
                 very
                 observant
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 they
                 are
                 to
                 consult
                 of
                 some
                 great
                 and
                 weighty
                 matter
                 ,
                 they
                 observe
                 a
                 most
                 strange
                 and
                 incredible
                 Custom
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 sacrifice
                 a
                 Man
                 ,
                 striking
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 Sword
                 near
                 the
                 Diaphragma
                 cross
                 over
                 his
                 Breast
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 thus
                 slain
                 ,
                 and
                 falling
                 down
                 ,
                 they
                 judge
                 of
                 the
                 Event
                 from
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 his
                 Fall
                 ,
                 the
                 Convulsion
                 of
                 his
                 Members
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Flux
                 of
                 Blood
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 has
                 gain'd
                 among
                 them
                 (
                 by
                 long
                 and
                 ancient
                 usage
                 )
                 a
                 firm
                 credit
                 and
                 belief
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 not
                 lawful
                 to
                 offer
                 any
                 Sacrifice
                 without
                 a
                 Philosopher
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 hold
                 that
                 by
                 these
                 ,
                 as
                 Men
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Deity
                 ,
                 and
                 familiar
                 in
                 their
                 Converse
                 with
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 present
                 their
                 Thank-Offerings
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 these
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 desire
                 such
                 things
                 as
                 are
                 good
                 for
                 them
                 .
                 These
                 Druids
                 and
                 Bards
                 are
                 observ'd
                 and
                 obey'd
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 in
                 times
                 of
                 Peace
                 but
                 War
                 also
                 ,
                 both
                 by
                 Friends
                 and
                 Enemies
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Many
                 times
                 these
                 Philosophers
                 and
                 Poets
                 stepping
                 in
                 between
                 Two
                 Armies
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 just
                 ready
                 to
                 ingage
                 near
                 at
                 Hand
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Swords
                 drawn
                 ,
                 and
                 Spears
                 presented
                 one
                 against
                 another
                 ,
                 have
                 pacify'd
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 some
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 had
                 been
                 tam'd
                 by
                 Inchantments
                 .
                 Thus
                 Rage
                 is
                 master'd
                 by
                 Wisdom
                 ,
                 even
                 amongst
                 the
                 most
                 Savage
                 Barbarians
                 ;
                 and
                 Mars
                 himself
                 reverences
                 the
                 Muses
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 it
                 will
                 be
                 worth
                 while
                 to
                 declare
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 Multitudes
                 are
                 altogether
                 ignorant
                 of
                 .
                 Those
                 who
                 inhabit
                 the
                 Inland
                 Parts
                 beyond
                 †
                 Massylia
                 ,
                 and
                 about
                 the
                 Alps
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 this
                 side
                 the
                 Pyrenean
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 are
                 call'd
                 Celts
                 :
                 But
                 those
                 that
                 inhabit
                 below
                 this
                 part
                 call'd
                 
                   Celtica
                   ,
                   Southward
                
                 to
                 the
                 Ocean
                 and
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Hyrcinus
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 as
                 far
                 to
                 Scythia
                 ,
                 are
                 call'd
                 Gauls
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Romans
                 call
                 all
                 these
                 People
                 generally
                 by
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Name
                 ,
                 Gauls
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Women
                 here
                 are
                 both
                 as
                 Tall
                 and
                 as
                 Couragious
                 as
                 the
                 Men.
                 The
                 Children
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 from
                 their
                 very
                 Birth
                 are
                 gray-headed
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 grow
                 up
                 to
                 Mens
                 Estate
                 ,
                 their
                 Hair
                 changes
                 in
                 Colour
                 like
                 to
                 their
                 Parents
                 .
                 Those
                 towards
                 the
                 North
                 ,
                 and
                 bordering
                 upon
                 Scythia
                 ,
                 are
                 so
                 exceeding
                 Fierce
                 and
                 Cruel
                 ,
                 that
                 (
                 as
                 Report
                 goes
                 )
                 they
                 eat
                 Men
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 Britians
                 that
                 inhabit
                 *
                 Iris.
                 
              
               
                 They
                 are
                 so
                 noted
                 for
                 a
                 fierce
                 and
                 warlike
                 People
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 have
                 thought
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 those
                 that
                 anciently
                 overran
                 all
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 then
                 call'd
                 Cimmerians
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 are
                 now
                 (
                 through
                 length
                 of
                 time
                 )
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 alteration
                 call'd
                 Cimbrians
                 .
              
               
                 Anciently
                 they
                 gave
                 themselves
                 to
                 Rapine
                 and
                 Spoil
                 ,
                 wasting
                 and
                 destroying
                 other
                 Countries
                 ,
                 and
                 slighted
                 and
                 despis'd
                 all
                 other
                 People
                 .
                 These
                 are
                 they
                 that
                 took
                 Rome
                 ,
                 and
                 rob'd
                 the
                 Temple
                 at
                 Delphos
                 .
                 These
                 brought
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 Europe
                 and
                 Asia
                 under
                 Tribute
                 ,
                 and
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Countries
                 of
                 those
                 they
                 subdu'd
                 .
                 Because
                 of
                 their
                 mixture
                 with
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 at
                 last
                 call'd
                 Gallo-Grecians
                 .
                 They
                 often
                 routed
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 many
                 great
                 Armies
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
              
               
                 According
                 to
                 their
                 natural
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 as
                 impious
                 in
                 the
                 Worship
                 of
                 their
                 Gods
                 ;
                 for
                 Malefactors
                 after
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 been
                 kept
                 close
                 Prisoners
                 Five
                 Years
                 together
                 ,
                 they
                 impale
                 upon
                 Stakes
                 ,
                 in
                 honour
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 with
                 many
                 other
                 Victims
                 upon
                 a
                 vast
                 Pile
                 of
                 Wood
                 ,
                 they
                 offer
                 them
                 up
                 as
                 a
                 burnt
                 
                 Sacrifice
                 to
                 their
                 Deities
                 .
                 In
                 like
                 manner
                 they
                 use
                 their
                 Captives
                 also
                 ,
                 as
                 Sacrifices
                 to
                 the
                 Gods.
                 Some
                 of
                 them
                 cut
                 the
                 Throats
                 ,
                 burn
                 or
                 otherwise
                 destroy
                 both
                 Men
                 and
                 Beasts
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 taken
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 War
                 :
                 Though
                 they
                 have
                 very
                 beautiful
                 Women
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 little
                 value
                 their
                 private
                 Society
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 transported
                 with
                 raging
                 Lust
                 to
                 the
                 filthy
                 act
                 of
                 Sodomy
                 ;
                 and
                 lying
                 upon
                 the
                 Ground
                 on
                 Beasts
                 Skins
                 spread
                 under
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 there
                 tumble
                 together
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 †
                 Catamites
                 lying
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 most
                 abominable
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 without
                 all
                 sense
                 of
                 Shame
                 ,
                 or
                 regard
                 to
                 their
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 they
                 'l
                 readily
                 prostitute
                 their
                 Bodies
                 to
                 others
                 upon
                 every
                 occasion
                 .
                 And
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 looking
                 upon
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 any
                 fault
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 judge
                 it
                 a
                 mean
                 and
                 dishonourable
                 thing
                 ,
                 for
                 any
                 thus
                 caress'd
                 ,
                 to
                 refuse
                 the
                 favour
                 offer'd
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 spoken
                 of
                 the
                 Celts
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 give
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 
                 the
                 Celtiberians
                 .
                 The
                 Two
                 Nations
                 Celts
                 and
                 Iberians
                 ,
                 heretofore
                 breaking
                 forth
                 into
                 a
                 War
                 about
                 the
                 Boundaries
                 of
                 their
                 Countries
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 agreed
                 to
                 inhabit
                 together
                 promiscuously
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 marrying
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 their
                 Issue
                 and
                 Posterity
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 afterwards
                 were
                 call'd
                 Celtiberians
                 .
                 Two
                 Potent
                 Nations
                 being
                 thus
                 united
                 ,
                 and
                 possess'd
                 likewise
                 of
                 a
                 rich
                 and
                 fertil
                 Country
                 ,
                 these
                 Celtiberians
                 became
                 very
                 famous
                 and
                 renown'd
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Romans
                 had
                 much
                 ado
                 to
                 subdue
                 them
                 after
                 long
                 and
                 tedious
                 Wars
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 These
                 Celtiberians
                 bring
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 not
                 only
                 stout
                 and
                 valiant
                 Horsemen
                 ,
                 but
                 brave
                 Foot
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 strength
                 and
                 hardiness
                 able
                 to
                 undergo
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Labour
                 and
                 Toyl
                 .
                 They
                 wear
                 black
                 rough
                 Cassocks
                 made
                 of
                 Wool
                 ,
                 like
                 to
                 Goats
                 Hair.
                 Some
                 of
                 them
                 are
                 arm'd
                 with
                 the
                 
                 Gauls
                 light
                 Shields
                 ,
                 others
                 with
                 Bucklers
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 Shields
                 ,
                 and
                 wear
                 Greaves
                 about
                 their
                 Legs
                 made
                 of
                 rough
                 Hair
                 ,
                 and
                 brazen
                 Helmets
                 upon
                 their
                 Heads
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 Red
                 Plumes
                 .
                 They
                 carry
                 Two-edg'd
                 Swords
                 exactly
                 temper'd
                 with
                 Steel
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 Daggers
                 beside
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 Span
                 long
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 in
                 close
                 Fights
                 .
                 They
                 make
                 Weapons
                 and
                 Darts
                 in
                 an
                 admirable
                 manner
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 bury
                 Plates
                 of
                 Iron
                 so
                 long
                 under
                 Ground
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 Rust
                 hath
                 consum'd
                 the
                 weaker
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 rest
                 becomes
                 more
                 strong
                 and
                 firm
                 :
                 Of
                 this
                 they
                 make
                 their
                 Swords
                 and
                 other
                 Warlike
                 Weapons
                 ;
                 and
                 with
                 these
                 Arms
                 thus
                 temper'd
                 ,
                 they
                 so
                 cut
                 through
                 every
                 thing
                 in
                 their
                 way
                 ,
                 that
                 neither
                 Shield
                 ,
                 Helmet
                 ,
                 nor
                 Bone
                 can
                 withstand
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Two
                 Swords
                 ,
                 the
                 Horse
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 routed
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 light
                 and
                 joyn
                 with
                 the
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 fight
                 to
                 admiration
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 's
                 another
                 strange
                 and
                 wonderful
                 Custom
                 they
                 have
                 amongst
                 'em
                 ;
                 for
                 though
                 they
                 are
                 very
                 nice
                 and
                 curious
                 in
                 their
                 Diet
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 have
                 a
                 very
                 fordid
                 and
                 filthy
                 Practice
                 ,
                 to
                 wash
                 their
                 whole
                 Bodies
                 over
                 with
                 Urin
                 ,
                 and
                 rub
                 their
                 very
                 Teeth
                 with
                 it
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 counted
                 a
                 certain
                 means
                 of
                 Health
                 to
                 their
                 Bodies
                 .
                 As
                 to
                 their
                 Manners
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 very
                 cruel
                 towards
                 their
                 Enemies
                 and
                 other
                 Malefactors
                 ,
                 but
                 very
                 Courteous
                 and
                 Civil
                 to
                 Strangers
                 :
                 For
                 to
                 all
                 such
                 from
                 what
                 Place
                 soever
                 they
                 come
                 ,
                 they
                 readily
                 and
                 freely
                 entertain
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 strive
                 who
                 shall
                 perform
                 the
                 greatest
                 Office
                 of
                 Kindness
                 and
                 Respect
                 .
                 Those
                 who
                 are
                 attended
                 upon
                 by
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 they
                 commend
                 and
                 esteem
                 them
                 as
                 Friends
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 They
                 live
                 upon
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Flesh
                 in
                 great
                 Plenty
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Drink
                 is
                 
                 made
                 of
                 Honey
                 ,
                 their
                 Country
                 abounding
                 therewith
                 :
                 But
                 they
                 buy
                 Wine
                 also
                 of
                 the
                 Merchants
                 that
                 Traffick
                 thither
                 .
              
               
                 Of
                 those
                 that
                 border
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 civiliz'd
                 Nations
                 are
                 the
                 *
                 Vaccaei
                 ,
                 who
                 every
                 Year
                 divide
                 the
                 Lands
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 Till
                 and
                 Plow
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 Harvest
                 ,
                 distribute
                 the
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 allotting
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 their
                 Share
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 it
                 's
                 Death
                 to
                 Steal
                 ,
                 or
                 underhand
                 to
                 convey
                 away
                 any
                 thing
                 from
                 the
                 Husbandman
                 .
                 Those
                 they
                 call
                 ‖
                 Lusitanians
                 ,
                 are
                 most
                 valiant
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 †
                 Cimbri
                 .
                 These
                 in
                 Times
                 of
                 War
                 carry
                 little
                 Targets
                 made
                 of
                 Bowel
                 Strings
                 ,
                 so
                 strong
                 and
                 firm
                 ,
                 as
                 compleatly
                 to
                 guard
                 and
                 defend
                 their
                 Bodies
                 .
                 In
                 Fights
                 they
                 manage
                 these
                 ,
                 so
                 nimbly
                 whirling
                 them
                 about
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 that
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Art
                 they
                 avoid
                 and
                 repel
                 every
                 Dart
                 that
                 's
                 cast
                 at
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 use
                 hookt
                 Saunians
                 made
                 all
                 of
                 Iron
                 ,
                 and
                 wear
                 Swords
                 and
                 Helmets
                 like
                 to
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Celtiberians
                 .
                 They
                 throw
                 their
                 Darts
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 are
                 sure
                 to
                 hit
                 their
                 Mark
                 ,
                 and
                 wound
                 deeply
                 :
                 Being
                 of
                 active
                 and
                 nimble
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 
                 they
                 can
                 easily
                 fly
                 from
                 ,
                 or
                 pursue
                 their
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 as
                 there
                 is
                 occasion
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 under
                 Hardships
                 ,
                 they
                 cannot
                 bear
                 near
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 the
                 Celtiberians
                 .
                 In
                 time
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 a
                 light
                 and
                 airy
                 way
                 of
                 Dancing
                 ,
                 which
                 requires
                 great
                 agility
                 and
                 nimbleness
                 of
                 the
                 Legs
                 and
                 Thighs
                 :
                 In
                 time
                 of
                 War
                 they
                 ‖
                 march
                 observing
                 time
                 and
                 measure
                 ;
                 and
                 sing
                 the
                 Paeans
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 just
                 ready
                 to
                 charge
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Iberians
                 ,
                 especially
                 the
                 Lusitanians
                 ,
                 are
                 singular
                 in
                 one
                 thing
                 that
                 they
                 do
                 ;
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 young
                 and
                 prest
                 with
                 ●ant
                 ,
                 but
                 yet
                 are
                 strong
                 and
                 couragious
                 ,
                 get
                 together
                 upon
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish
                 themselves
                 with
                 Arms
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 made
                 up
                 a
                 considerable
                 Body
                 ,
                 make
                 Incursions
                 into
                 Iberia
                 ,
                 and
                 heap
                 up
                 Riches
                 by
                 Thieving
                 and
                 Robbery
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 is
                 their
                 constant
                 Practice
                 in
                 despite
                 of
                 all
                 hazard
                 whatsoever
                 ;
                 for
                 being
                 lightly
                 arm'd
                 ,
                 and
                 nimble
                 of
                 Foot
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 easily
                 surpriz'd
                 .
                 And
                 indeed
                 steep
                 and
                 craggy
                 Mountains
                 are
                 to
                 
                 them
                 as
                 their
                 natural
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 these
                 they
                 fly
                 for
                 shelter
                 ,
                 because
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 way
                 in
                 those
                 Places
                 for
                 great
                 Armies
                 to
                 pass
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 though
                 the
                 Romans
                 often
                 set
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 some
                 measure
                 have
                 curb'd
                 them
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 were
                 never
                 able
                 wholly
                 to
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 their
                 Thieving
                 and
                 Robbing
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 related
                 what
                 concerns
                 the
                 Iberians
                 ,
                 we
                 conceive
                 it
                 not
                 impertinent
                 to
                 say
                 something
                 of
                 their
                 Silver
                 Mines
                 .
                 For
                 almost
                 all
                 this
                 Country
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 such
                 Mines
                 ,
                 whence
                 is
                 dug
                 very
                 good
                 and
                 pure
                 Silver
                 ;
                 from
                 whence
                 those
                 that
                 deal
                 in
                 that
                 Mettal
                 ,
                 gain
                 exceeding
                 great
                 Profit
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 former
                 Book
                 we
                 have
                 spoken
                 of
                 the
                 Pyrenean
                 Mountains
                 in
                 Iberia
                 ,
                 when
                 we
                 treated
                 of
                 the
                 Acts
                 and
                 Atchievements
                 of
                 Hercules
                 :
                 These
                 are
                 the
                 highest
                 and
                 greatest
                 of
                 all
                 others
                 ;
                 for
                 from
                 the
                 South-Sea
                 ,
                 almost
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Northern
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 they
                 divide
                 Gall
                 from
                 Iberia
                 and
                 Celtiberia
                 ,
                 running
                 out
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 *
                 Three
                 Thousand
                 Furlongs
                 .
                 These
                 Places
                 being
                 full
                 of
                 Woods
                 ,
                 and
                 thick
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 reported
                 that
                 in
                 ancient
                 time
                 this
                 Mountainous
                 Tract
                 was
                 set
                 on
                 Fire
                 by
                 some
                 Shepherds
                 ,
                 which
                 continuing
                 burning
                 for
                 many
                 Days
                 together
                 ,
                 (
                 whence
                 the
                 Mountains
                 were
                 call'd
                 †
                 Pyrenean
                 )
                 the
                 parch'd
                 Superficies
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 swet
                 ,
                 abundance
                 of
                 Silver
                 and
                 
                 the
                 Ore
                 being
                 melted
                 ,
                 the
                 Metal
                 flow'd
                 down
                 in
                 Streams
                 of
                 pure
                 Silver
                 ,
                 like
                 a
                 River
                 ;
                 the
                 use
                 whereof
                 being
                 unknown
                 to
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 the
                 Phaenician
                 Merchants
                 bought
                 it
                 for
                 Trifles
                 given
                 for
                 it
                 in
                 Exchange
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 transporting
                 it
                 into
                 
                   Greece
                   ,
                   Asia
                
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
                 greatly
                 inricht
                 themselves
                 ;
                 and
                 such
                 was
                 their
                 Covetousness
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 fully
                 loaded
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 much
                 more
                 Silver
                 to
                 bring
                 Aboard
                 ,
                 they
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 Lead
                 from
                 their
                 Anchors
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 Silver
                 instead
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Phaenicians
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 using
                 this
                 Trade
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 growing
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 wealthy
                 ,
                 sent
                 many
                 Colonies
                 into
                 Sicily
                 and
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Islands
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 into
                 Africa
                 and
                 Sardinia
                 :
                 But
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 after
                 the
                 Iberians
                 coming
                 to
                 understand
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Metal
                 ,
                 sunk
                 many
                 large
                 Mines
                 ,
                 whence
                 they
                 dug
                 an
                 infinite
                 quantity
                 of
                 pure
                 Silver
                 (
                 as
                 never
                 was
                 the
                 like
                 almost
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 place
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 )
                 whereby
                 they
                 gain'd
                 exceeding
                 great
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Revenues
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 manner
                 of
                 working
                 in
                 these
                 Mines
                 ,
                 and
                 ordering
                 the
                 Metal
                 among
                 the
                 Iberians
                 is
                 thus
                 ;
                 there
                 being
                 extraordinary
                 rich
                 Mines
                 in
                 this
                 Country
                 ,
                 of
                 Gold
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 Silver
                 and
                 Brass
                 ,
                 the
                 Labourers
                 in
                 the
                 Brass
                 take
                 a
                 Fourth
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 pure
                 Brass
                 dug
                 up
                 ,
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 use
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 common
                 Labourers
                 in
                 Silver
                 have
                 an
                 Euboick
                 Talent
                 for
                 their
                 Labour
                 in
                 Three
                 Days
                 time
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 whole
                 Soil
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 solid
                 and
                 shining
                 Oar
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 both
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 industry
                 of
                 the
                 Workmen
                 is
                 admirable
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 first
                 every
                 common
                 Person
                 might
                 dig
                 for
                 this
                 Metal
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Silver
                 Ore
                 was
                 easily
                 got
                 ,
                 ordinary
                 Men
                 grew
                 very
                 rich
                 :
                 But
                 after
                 that
                 Iberia
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 the
                 Mines
                 were
                 manag'd
                 by
                 a
                 throng
                 of
                 Italians
                 ,
                 whose
                 Covetousness
                 loaded
                 them
                 with
                 abundance
                 of
                 Riches
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 bought
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Task-masters
                 and
                 Overseers
                 of
                 the
                 Mines
                 .
                 These
                 Slaves
                 open
                 the
                 
                 Mouths
                 of
                 the
                 Mines
                 in
                 many
                 Places
                 ,
                 where
                 digging
                 deep
                 into
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 are
                 found
                 Massy
                 Clods
                 of
                 Earth
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 sinking
                 both
                 in
                 length
                 and
                 depth
                 ,
                 they
                 carry
                 on
                 their
                 Works
                 in
                 undermining
                 the
                 Earth
                 many
                 Furlongs
                 distance
                 ,
                 the
                 Workmen
                 every
                 way
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 making
                 Galleries
                 under
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 bringing
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 Massy
                 Pieces
                 of
                 Ore
                 (
                 whence
                 the
                 Profit
                 and
                 Gain
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 )
                 even
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 lowest
                 Bowels
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
              
               
               
                 There
                 's
                 a
                 great
                 difference
                 between
                 these
                 Mines
                 and
                 those
                 in
                 At●ica
                 ;
                 for
                 besides
                 the
                 Labour
                 ,
                 they
                 that
                 search
                 there
                 are
                 at
                 great
                 Cost
                 and
                 Charge
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 are
                 often
                 frustrated
                 of
                 their
                 hopes
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 lose
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 found
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 unfortunate
                 to
                 a
                 Proverb
                 :
                 But
                 those
                 in
                 Iberia
                 that
                 deal
                 in
                 Mines
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Expectations
                 ,
                 are
                 greatly
                 inricht
                 by
                 their
                 Labours
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 succeed
                 at
                 their
                 very
                 first
                 sinking
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 extraordinary
                 richness
                 of
                 the
                 Soyl
                 ,
                 they
                 find
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 resplendent
                 Veins
                 of
                 Ore
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 whole
                 Soil
                 round
                 about
                 is
                 interlac'd
                 on
                 every
                 hand
                 with
                 these
                 Metals
                 .
                 Sometimes
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 depth
                 they
                 meet
                 with
                 Rivers
                 under-ground
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 Art
                 give
                 a
                 check
                 to
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 their
                 Current
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 cutting
                 of
                 Trenches
                 under
                 ground
                 ,
                 they
                 divert
                 the
                 Stream
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 sure
                 to
                 gain
                 what
                 they
                 aim
                 at
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 begun
                 ,
                 they
                 never
                 leave
                 till
                 they
                 have
                 sinished
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 admiration
                 they
                 pump
                 out
                 those
                 Floods
                 of
                 Water
                 with
                 those
                 Instruments
                 call'd
                 Aegyptian
                 Pumps
                 ,
                 invented
                 by
                 Archimedes
                 the
                 Syracusian
                 ,
                 when
                 
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 Egypt
                 .
                 By
                 these
                 with
                 constant
                 pumping
                 by
                 turns
                 ,
                 they
                 throw
                 up
                 the
                 Water
                 to
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Pit
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 drain
                 the
                 Mine
                 dry
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 the
                 Place
                 fit
                 for
                 their
                 Work.
                 For
                 this
                 Engin
                 is
                 so
                 ingeniously
                 contriv'd
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 vast
                 Quantity
                 of
                 Water
                 is
                 strangely
                 with
                 little
                 Labour
                 cast
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 Flux
                 is
                 thrown
                 up
                 from
                 the
                 very
                 bottom
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Surface
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Ingenuity
                 of
                 this
                 Artist
                 is
                 justly
                 to
                 be
                 admir'd
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 in
                 these
                 Pumps
                 ,
                 
                 but
                 in
                 many
                 other
                 far
                 greater
                 things
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 he
                 is
                 famous
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 over
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 shall
                 distinctly
                 give
                 an
                 exact
                 narration
                 ,
                 when
                 we
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 time
                 wherein
                 he
                 liv'd
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 though
                 these
                 Slaves
                 that
                 continue
                 as
                 so
                 many
                 Prisoners
                 in
                 these
                 Mines
                 ,
                 incredibly
                 inrich
                 their
                 Masters
                 by
                 their
                 Labours
                 ,
                 yet
                 toyling
                 Night
                 and
                 Day
                 in
                 these
                 Golden
                 Prisons
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 by
                 being
                 over-wrought
                 ,
                 dye
                 under
                 Ground
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 have
                 no
                 rest
                 nor
                 intermission
                 from
                 their
                 Labours
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Task-masters
                 by
                 Stripes
                 force
                 them
                 to
                 intollerable
                 hardships
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 at
                 length
                 they
                 dye
                 most
                 miserably
                 .
                 Some
                 that
                 through
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 their
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 vigour
                 of
                 their
                 Spirits
                 are
                 able
                 to
                 endure
                 it
                 ,
                 continue
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 in
                 those
                 Miseries
                 ,
                 whose
                 Calamities
                 are
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 Death
                 to
                 them
                 is
                 far
                 more
                 eligible
                 than
                 Life
                 .
              
               
                 Since
                 these
                 Mines
                 afforded
                 such
                 wonderful
                 Riches
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 greatly
                 admir'd
                 that
                 none
                 appear
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 sunk
                 of
                 later
                 Times
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 answer
                 hereunto
                 ,
                 the
                 Covetousness
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 Masters
                 of
                 *
                 Spain
                 ,
                 open'd
                 all
                 :
                 And
                 hence
                 it
                 was
                 they
                 grew
                 so
                 Rich
                 and
                 Potent
                 ,
                 and
                 hir'd
                 so
                 many
                 Valiant
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 by
                 whose
                 assistance
                 they
                 carry'd
                 on
                 so
                 many
                 great
                 Wars
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 neither
                 trusted
                 to
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 rais'd
                 from
                 among
                 their
                 own
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 nor
                 to
                 those
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 but
                 involv'd
                 the
                 
                   Romans
                   ,
                   Sicilians
                
                 and
                 Africans
                 in
                 extream
                 Hazards
                 ,
                 almost
                 to
                 their
                 utter
                 Ruins
                 ,
                 by
                 conquering
                 all
                 with
                 their
                 Monies
                 dug
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Mines
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 were
                 ever
                 of
                 old
                 excessively
                 thirsting
                 after
                 Gain
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Italians
                 came
                 not
                 one
                 jot
                 behind
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 as
                 eager
                 to
                 ingross
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 many
                 Places
                 of
                 Spain
                 there
                 's
                 found
                 also
                 Tin
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 upon
                 the
                 Surface
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 as
                 some
                 Historians
                 report
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 dig
                 it
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 melt
                 it
                 down
                 as
                 they
                 do
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 .
                 Above
                 Lusitania
                 there
                 's
                 much
                 of
                 this
                 Tin
                 Metal
                 that
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Islands
                 ,
                 lying
                 in
                 the
                 Ocean
                 over
                 against
                 Iberia
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 therefore
                 call'd
                 Cassiterides
                 ;
                 and
                 much
                 of
                 it
                 likewise
                 is
                 transported
                 out
                 of
                 Britain
                 into
                 Gaul
                 ,
                 the
                 opposite
                 Continent
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Merchants
                 carry
                 on
                 Horse-backs
                 through
                 the
                 heart
                 of
                 Celtica
                 to
                 Marselles
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 City
                 call'd
                 Narbo
                 ,
                 which
                 City
                 is
                 a
                 Roman
                 Colony
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 greatest
                 Mart
                 Town
                 for
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Trade
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 now
                 having
                 done
                 with
                 the
                 Gauls
                 and
                 Celtiberians
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 pass
                 to
                 the
                 †
                 Ligurians
                 .
                 
                 They
                 inhabit
                 a
                 rough
                 and
                 barren
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 live
                 a
                 toylsom
                 and
                 troublesom
                 Life
                 in
                 their
                 daily
                 Labour
                 for
                 their
                 common
                 Sustinence
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Country
                 being
                 Mountainous
                 and
                 full
                 of
                 Woods
                 ,
                 some
                 are
                 imploy'd
                 all
                 Day
                 long
                 in
                 cutting
                 down
                 Trees
                 ,
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 strong
                 and
                 great
                 Hatchets
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 .
                 The
                 Husbandman's
                 business
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 lies
                 in
                 hewing
                 and
                 breaking
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 the
                 Soyl
                 is
                 so
                 very
                 rough
                 and
                 craggy
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 's
                 not
                 a
                 Clod
                 of
                 Earth
                 they
                 can
                 dig
                 up
                 without
                 a
                 Stone
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 they
                 continually
                 thus
                 conflict
                 so
                 many
                 Hardships
                 ,
                 yet
                 Custom
                 has
                 turn'd
                 it
                 to
                 a
                 Second
                 Nature
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 all
                 their
                 Labour
                 
                 and
                 Toyl
                 ,
                 they
                 reap
                 but
                 very
                 little
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 scarce
                 sufficient
                 to
                 supply
                 their
                 Necessities
                 .
                 Daily
                 Toil
                 therefore
                 ,
                 and
                 scarcity
                 of
                 Food
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 reason
                 they
                 are
                 so
                 Lean
                 ,
                 and
                 nothing
                 but
                 Sinews
                 .
                 The
                 Women
                 share
                 in
                 these
                 Laborious
                 Tasks
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 the
                 Men
                 :
                 These
                 People
                 hunt
                 often
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 many
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 supply
                 the
                 want
                 of
                 Bread.
                 Being
                 therefore
                 accustom'd
                 to
                 range
                 the
                 Snowy
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 and
                 climb
                 the
                 rough
                 and
                 craggy
                 Hills
                 ,
                 their
                 Bodies
                 are
                 very
                 strong
                 and
                 brawny
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 them
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Corn
                 and
                 other
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 drink
                 Water
                 ;
                 and
                 feed
                 upon
                 Locusts
                 and
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 and
                 cram
                 their
                 Bellies
                 with
                 such
                 Herbs
                 as
                 the
                 Land
                 there
                 produces
                 ;
                 their
                 Country
                 being
                 altogether
                 a
                 Stranger
                 to
                 those
                 desirable
                 Deities
                 ,
                 Ceres
                 and
                 Bacchus
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Night
                 they
                 lie
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 seldom
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 meanest
                 Huts
                 or
                 Cottages
                 ;
                 but
                 most
                 commonly
                 in
                 hollow
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 and
                 natural
                 Caves
                 ,
                 wheresoever
                 they
                 judge
                 there
                 may
                 be
                 a
                 convenient
                 shelter
                 for
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 much
                 after
                 this
                 manner
                 they
                 do
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 living
                 after
                 the
                 old
                 fordid
                 and
                 barbarous
                 manner
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 short
                 ,
                 the
                 Women
                 here
                 are
                 as
                 strong
                 as
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Men
                 as
                 Beasts
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 it
                 's
                 reported
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 their
                 Wars
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 the
                 biggest
                 Men
                 among
                 the
                 Gauls
                 ,
                 have
                 been
                 foyl'd
                 and
                 slain
                 in
                 a
                 single
                 Combat
                 upon
                 a
                 Challenge
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 little
                 slender
                 Ligurian
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 are
                 lighter
                 arm'd
                 than
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 defend
                 themselves
                 with
                 a
                 long
                 Shield
                 ,
                 made
                 after
                 the
                 fashion
                 of
                 the
                 Gauls
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Cassocks
                 are
                 girt
                 about
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 Belt
                 :
                 They
                 wear
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 Skins
                 ,
                 and
                 carry
                 a
                 Sword
                 of
                 an
                 ordinary
                 length
                 :
                 But
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 conversing
                 much
                 with
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 have
                 chang'd
                 their
                 ancient
                 manner
                 of
                 arming
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 imitated
                 their
                 Lords
                 and
                 Masters
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 bold
                 and
                 daring
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 in
                 times
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 but
                 upon
                 all
                 other
                 occasions
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 their
                 Traffick
                 they
                 sail
                 through
                 the
                 *
                 Sardonian
                 and
                 African
                 Seas
                 ,
                 exposing
                 themselves
                 to
                 great
                 Hazards
                 in
                 little
                 Skiffs
                 ,
                 less
                 than
                 the
                 ordinary
                 Ships
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 Vessels
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 notwithstanding
                 they
                 'l
                 boldly
                 (
                 to
                 admiration
                 )
                 venture
                 to
                 weather
                 out
                 the
                 greatest
                 Storms
                 and
                 Tempests
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 it
                 remains
                 we
                 should
                 speak
                 of
                 the
                 †
                 Tyrrhenians
                 :
                 They
                 were
                 anciently
                 very
                 valiant
                 ,
                 and
                 injoy'd
                 a
                 large
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 many
                 Famous
                 Cities
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 a
                 great
                 Navy
                 ,
                 were
                 long
                 Masters
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 the
                 Sea
                 lying
                 under
                 Italy
                 the
                 
                 *
                 Tyrrhenian
                 Sea
                 ,
                 after
                 their
                 own
                 Name
                 .
                 Amongst
                 other
                 things
                 wherewith
                 they
                 furnish'd
                 their
                 Land
                 Army
                 ,
                 they
                 found
                 out
                 the
                 most
                 useful
                 Instrument
                 for
                 War
                 ,
                 the
                 Trumpet
                 ,
                 which
                 from
                 them
                 is
                 call'd
                 Tyrrhena
                 .
                 To
                 the
                 Generals
                 of
                 their
                 Army
                 they
                 gave
                 these
                 Badges
                 of
                 Honour
                 ;
                 they
                 allow'd
                 them
                 an
                 Ivory
                 Throne
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Purple
                 Robe
                 .
                 They
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 invented
                 Portico's
                 or
                 Galleries
                 to
                 their
                 Houses
                 ,
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 trouble
                 and
                 noise
                 of
                 a
                 croud
                 of
                 Servants
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Hangers-on
                 ;
                 most
                 of
                 which
                 being
                 imitated
                 by
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 into
                 their
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 were
                 afterwards
                 improv'd
                 to
                 a
                 great
                 degree
                 of
                 Curiosity
                 .
                 They
                 gave
                 themselves
                 much
                 to
                 Learning
                 ,
                 especially
                 to
                 the
                 study
                 of
                 natural
                 Philosophy
                 ;
                 and
                 amongst
                 natural
                 Events
                 ,
                 mightily
                 intent
                 (
                 above
                 all
                 others
                 )
                 to
                 find
                 out
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 Thunder
                 and
                 Lightning
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 admir'd
                 by
                 all
                 Princes
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 over
                 ,
                 who
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 interpret
                 all
                 the
                 Prodigious
                 effects
                 of
                 Thunder
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 injoy
                 a
                 very
                 rich
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 Till'd
                 and
                 Improv'd
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 reap
                 abundance
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 for
                 their
                 necessary
                 Food
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 Pleasure
                 and
                 Delight
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 had
                 their
                 Tables
                 spread
                 twice
                 a
                 Day
                 ,
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Varieties
                 ,
                 even
                 to
                 Luxury
                 and
                 Excess
                 .
              
               
                 Their
                 Foot-Carpets
                 are
                 interwoven
                 with
                 Flower-works
                 ,
                 and
                 abundance
                 of
                 Silver
                 Cups
                 ,
                 and
                 great
                 variety
                 of
                 them
                 they
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 .
                 Of
                 Houshold
                 Servants
                 they
                 have
                 great
                 numbers
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 whom
                 are
                 very
                 beautiful
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 exceeding
                 rich
                 in
                 Apparel
                 ,
                 above
                 the
                 Condition
                 of
                 Servants
                 .
              
               
                 Both
                 Servants
                 and
                 Freemen
                 have
                 several
                 Apartments
                 allow'd
                 them
                 ,
                 compleatly
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Adornments
                 .
                 At
                 last
                 they
                 threw
                 off
                 their
                 former
                 Sobriety
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 live
                 an
                 idle
                 and
                 debaucht
                 Life
                 ,
                 in
                 Riot
                 and
                 Drunkenness
                 ;
                 so
                 
                 that
                 it
                 's
                 no
                 wonder
                 that
                 they
                 have
                 lost
                 the
                 Honour
                 and
                 Reputation
                 their
                 Fore-fathers
                 gain'd
                 by
                 Warlike
                 Atchievments
                 .
                 The
                 goodness
                 of
                 the
                 Soyl
                 does
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 add
                 Fuel
                 to
                 their
                 Luxury
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 injoy
                 a
                 most
                 Fertile
                 Country
                 ,
                 rich
                 Land
                 ,
                 whence
                 they
                 reap
                 abundance
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruits
                 :
                 For
                 Hetruria
                 is
                 second
                 to
                 none
                 for
                 Fertility
                 of
                 Soil
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 large
                 Champain
                 Country
                 ,
                 yet
                 distinguish'd
                 with
                 rising
                 Hills
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 fit
                 and
                 commodious
                 likewise
                 for
                 Tillage
                 :
                 It
                 's
                 water'd
                 also
                 with
                 moderate
                 Showers
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 in
                 the
                 Winter
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 Summer
                 Season
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 III.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   Gredosia
                   .
                   
                     Of
                     the
                     Isles
                     of
                     the
                  
                   Arabian
                   
                     Sea.
                     Of
                     the
                  
                   Holy
                   Island
                   .
                   Of
                   Panchaea
                   .
                   Of
                   Samothracia
                   .
                   Of
                   Naxus
                   ,
                   Syme
                   ,
                   Nausus
                   ,
                   Calydna
                   ,
                   Nisyrus
                   ,
                   Carpathus
                   .
                   Of
                   Rhodes
                   ,
                   
                     and
                     of
                  
                   Chersonesus
                   .
                
              
               
                 HAving
                 gone
                 through
                 the
                 Western
                 and
                 Northern
                 Countries
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Islands
                 of
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 describe
                 the
                 Southern
                 Islands
                 lying
                 in
                 the
                 Arabian
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 East
                 part
                 of
                 Arabia
                 next
                 to
                 *
                 Gredosia
                 .
                 This
                 part
                 of
                 Arabia
                 is
                 a
                 Country
                 full
                 of
                 Villages
                 ,
                 and
                 considerable
                 Towns
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 are
                 situated
                 upon
                 high
                 Hills
                 ,
                 others
                 upon
                 rising
                 Grounds
                 ,
                 or
                 something
                 higher
                 than
                 Champain
                 Fields
                 .
                 Their
                 greatest
                 Cities
                 have
                 stately
                 Royal
                 Palaces
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 very
                 wealthy
                 and
                 Populous
                 :
                 The
                 Country
                 abounds
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Cattel
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 fruitful
                 Soyl
                 ,
                 affording
                 plenty
                 of
                 rich
                 Pasture
                 for
                 the
                 Flocks
                 and
                 Herds
                 :
                 Many
                 Rivers
                 run
                 through
                 it
                 ,
                 watering
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 increase
                 of
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 this
                 part
                 of
                 Arabia
                 which
                 excels
                 the
                 rest
                 in
                 richness
                 of
                 Soil
                 is
                 justly
                 call'd
                 Arabia
                 the
                 Happy
                 .
              
               
                 Over
                 against
                 the
                 utmost
                 point
                 of
                 this
                 Country
                 near
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 lye
                 many
                 Islands
                 but
                 there
                 are
                 but
                 Three
                 that
                 are
                 worth
                 remark
                 :
                 The
                 First
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Holy
                   Island
                
                 ,
                 
                 wherein
                 it
                 's
                 unlawful
                 to
                 bury
                 the
                 Dead
                 :
                 But
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 this
                 ,
                 about
                 Seven
                 Furlongs
                 distant
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 another
                 wherein
                 they
                 bury
                 :
                 The
                 Sacred
                 Isle
                 chiefly
                 produces
                 Frankincense
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 that
                 abundance
                 ,
                 as
                 suffices
                 for
                 the
                 Service
                 and
                 Worship
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 over
                 ;
                 it
                 has
                 likewise
                 Plenty
                 of
                 Myrrhe
                 ,
                 with
                 other
                 
                 odoriferous
                 Spices
                 of
                 several
                 sorts
                 ,
                 which
                 breath
                 out
                 a
                 most
                 fragrant
                 Smell
                 .
                 The
                 nature
                 of
                 Frankincense
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 getting
                 it
                 is
                 thus
                 :
                 The
                 Tree
                 is
                 very
                 small
                 ,
                 like
                 to
                 the
                 white
                 Egyptian
                 Thorn
                 ,
                 and
                 bears
                 a
                 Leaf
                 like
                 to
                 the
                 †
                 Willow
                 :
                 It
                 puts
                 forth
                 a
                 Flower
                 of
                 a
                 Golden
                 Colour
                 ;
                 from
                 the
                 Bark
                 of
                 this
                 Tree
                 by
                 incision
                 made
                 ,
                 distils
                 the
                 Frankincense
                 in
                 Drops
                 like
                 Tears
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Myrrhe-Tree
                 is
                 like
                 to
                 the
                 Mastick-Tree
                 ,
                 but
                 bears
                 a
                 more
                 slender
                 Leaf
                 ,
                 and
                 grows
                 thicker
                 upon
                 the
                 Branches
                 .
                 The
                 Myrrhe
                 flows
                 forth
                 ,
                 by
                 digging
                 up
                 the
                 Earth
                 round
                 about
                 the
                 Roots
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 grow
                 in
                 a
                 rich
                 Soyl
                 ,
                 bear
                 twice
                 a
                 Year
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Spring
                 and
                 Summer
                 :
                 That
                 in
                 the
                 Spring-time
                 ,
                 is
                 of
                 a
                 red
                 colour
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 by
                 the
                 Dew
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 nearer
                 Winter
                 ,
                 is
                 white
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 they
                 got
                 likewise
                 the
                 Fruit
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Paliurus
                 Tree
                 ,
                 very
                 wholsom
                 both
                 in
                 Meat
                 and
                 Drink
                 ,
                 and
                 good
                 against
                 a
                 Dissentery
                 .
                 The
                 Land
                 is
                 divided
                 amongst
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 best
                 part
                 is
                 allotted
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 who
                 has
                 likewise
                 the
                 Tenths
                 of
                 the
                 Fruits
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 say
                 the
                 breadth
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 is
                 about
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 inhabited
                 by
                 them
                 they
                 call
                 Panchaeans
                 ,
                 who
                 transport
                 the
                 Myrrhe
                 and
                 Frankincense
                 into
                 Foreign
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 sell
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Arabian
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 others
                 buy
                 these
                 and
                 other
                 such
                 like-Merchandise
                 ,
                 and
                 convey
                 them
                 to
                 
                   Phaenicia
                   ,
                   Coelo-Syria
                
                 and
                 Egypt
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 those
                 Places
                 they
                 are
                 carried
                 by
                 the
                 Merchants
                 over
                 all
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
               
               
                 Besides
                 these
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 another
                 large
                 Island
                 about
                 Thirty
                 Furlongs
                 distance
                 from
                 this
                 last
                 mention'd
                 ,
                 lying
                 to
                 the
                 East
                 many
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 length
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 from
                 a
                 Promontory
                 thereof
                 running
                 out
                 towards
                 the
                 East
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 seen
                 India
                 like
                 a
                 Cloud
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 the
                 distance
                 is
                 so
                 great
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 many
                 things
                 observable
                 in
                 Panchaea
                 ,
                 that
                 deserve
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 notice
                 of
                 .
                 
                 The
                 natural
                 Inhabitants
                 are
                 those
                 they
                 call
                 Panchaei
                 ;
                 the
                 Strangers
                 that
                 dwell
                 among
                 them
                 are
                 *
                 People
                 of
                 the
                 Western
                 Parts
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 
                   Indians
                   ,
                   Cretians
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 Scythians
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Island
                 there
                 's
                 a
                 Famous
                 City
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Panara
                 ,
                 not
                 inferior
                 to
                 any
                 for
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Grandure
                 .
                 The
                 Citizens
                 are
                 call'd
                 the
                 Suppliants
                 of
                 
                   Jupiter
                   Triphylius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 the
                 only
                 People
                 of
                 Panchaea
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 govern'd
                 by
                 a
                 Democracy
                 ,
                 without
                 a
                 Monarch
                 .
                 They
                 choose
                 every
                 Year
                 the
                 Presidents
                 or
                 Governors
                 ,
                 that
                 have
                 all
                 Matters
                 under
                 their
                 Cognizance
                 ,
                 but
                 what
                 concerns
                 Life
                 and
                 Death
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 weighty
                 Matters
                 they
                 refer
                 to
                 the
                 College
                 of
                 their
                 Priests
                 .
                 The
                 Temple
                 of
                 
                   Jupiter
                   Triphylius
                
                 is
                 about
                 Sixty
                 Furlongs
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Champain
                 Plain
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 in
                 great
                 veneration
                 because
                 of
                 it's
                 Antiquity
                 and
                 the
                 Stateliness
                 of
                 the
                 Structure
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Fertility
                 of
                 the
                 Soyl.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Fields
                 round
                 about
                 the
                 Temple
                 are
                 Planted
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 for
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 Pleasure
                 and
                 Delight
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 abound
                 with
                 tall
                 Cypresses
                 Plane-Trees
                 ,
                 Laurels
                 and
                 Myrtles
                 ,
                 the
                 Place
                 abounding
                 with
                 Fountains
                 of
                 running
                 Water
                 :
                 For
                 near
                 the
                 Temple
                 there
                 's
                 such
                 a
                 mighty
                 Spring
                 of
                 sweet
                 Water
                 rushes
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 it
                 becomes
                 a
                 Navigable
                 River
                 :
                 Thence
                 it
                 divides
                 it self
                 into
                 several
                 Currents
                 and
                 Streams
                 ,
                 and
                 Waters
                 all
                 the
                 Fields
                 thereabouts
                 ,
                 and
                 produces
                 thick
                 Groves
                 of
                 tall
                 and
                 shady
                 Trees
                 ;
                 amongst
                 which
                 in
                 Summer
                 abundance
                 of
                 People
                 spend
                 their
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 Birds
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 build
                 their
                 Nests
                 ,
                 which
                 create
                 great
                 delight
                 both
                 by
                 affecting
                 the
                 Eye
                 with
                 the
                 variety
                 of
                 their
                 Colours
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 the
                 Ear
                 with
                 the
                 sweetness
                 of
                 their
                 Notes
                 .
                 Here
                 are
                 many
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 sweet
                 and
                 pleasant
                 Meadows
                 deckt
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Herbs
                 and
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 glorious
                 is
                 the
                 Prospect
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Paradise
                 worthy
                 the
                 Habitation
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 here
                 likewise
                 large
                 and
                 Fruitful
                 Palms
                 ,
                 and
                 abundance
                 of
                 Walnut-Trees
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 plentifully
                 Furnish
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 with
                 pleasant
                 Nuts
                 .
              
               
                 Besides
                 all
                 these
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 Vines
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 ,
                 spiring
                 up
                 on
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 curiously
                 interwoven
                 one
                 amongst
                 another
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 exceeding
                 pleasant
                 to
                 the
                 view
                 ,
                 and
                 greatly
                 advance
                 the
                 delights
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Temple
                 was
                 built
                 of
                 White
                 Marble
                 ,
                 most
                 artificially
                 joynted
                 and
                 cemented
                 ,
                 two
                 Hundred
                 Yards
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 in
                 breadth
                 ,
                 supported
                 with
                 great
                 and
                 thick
                 Pillars
                 ,
                 curiously
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 with
                 Carved
                 Work.
                 In
                 this
                 Temple
                 are
                 plac'd
                 huge
                 Statues
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 of
                 admirable
                 Workmanship
                 ,
                 and
                 amazing
                 largeness
                 .
                 Round
                 the
                 Temple
                 are
                 built
                 Apartments
                 for
                 the
                 Priests
                 that
                 attend
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 every
                 thing
                 in
                 that
                 Sacred
                 Place
                 is
                 perform'd
                 .
                 All
                 along
                 from
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 is
                 an
                 even
                 course
                 of
                 Ground
                 ,
                 Four
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Yards
                 in
                 breadth
                 ;
                 on
                 either
                 side
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 are
                 erected
                 vast
                 Brazen
                 Statues
                 ,
                 with
                 Four-square
                 Pedestals
                 ;
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Course
                 ,
                 breaks
                 forth
                 the
                 River
                 from
                 the
                 Fountains
                 before-mention'd
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 flows
                 most
                 clear
                 and
                 sweet
                 Water
                 ,
                 the
                 drinking
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 conduces
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 Health
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 .
                 This
                 River
                 is
                 call'd
                 the
                 *
                 Water
                 of
                 the
                 Sun.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 whole
                 Fountain
                 is
                 lin'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 and
                 flag'd
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 with
                 Stone
                 at
                 vast
                 Expence
                 ,
                 and
                 runs
                 out
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Four
                 Furlongs
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 not
                 lawful
                 for
                 any
                 but
                 the
                 Priests
                 to
                 approach
                 to
                 the
                 brink
                 of
                 the
                 Fountain
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 Land
                 about
                 for
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Furlongs
                 round
                 ,
                 is
                 consecrated
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Revenues
                 bestow'd
                 in
                 maintaining
                 the
                 publick
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 and
                 Service
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 :
                 Beyond
                 these
                 consecrated
                 Lands
                 ,
                 is
                 an
                 high
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 dedicated
                 likewise
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 the
                 Throne
                 of
                 Celus
                 and
                 
                   Triphylius
                   Olympus
                
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 report
                 that
                 †
                 Vranus
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 govern'd
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 ,
                 pleasantly
                 diverted
                 himself
                 in
                 this
                 Place
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Mount
                 observ'd
                 the
                 motion
                 of
                 the
                 Heavens
                 and
                 Stars
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 call'd
                 
                   Triphylius
                   Olympus
                
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 were
                 compos'd
                 of
                 Three
                 several
                 Nations
                 ,
                 
                   Panchaeans
                   ,
                   Oceanites
                
                 and
                 Doians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 afterwards
                 expell'd
                 by
                 Ammon
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 that
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 rooted
                 out
                 this
                 Nation
                 ,
                 but
                 utterly
                 destroy'd
                 all
                 their
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 Doia
                 and
                 Asterusia
                 even
                 with
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
                 The
                 Priests
                 every
                 Year
                 solemnize
                 a
                 Sacred
                 Festival
                 in
                 this
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 Devotion
                 .
              
               
               
                 Behind
                 this
                 Mount
                 ,
                 in
                 other
                 Parts
                 of
                 Panchaea
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 there
                 are
                 abundance
                 of
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 of
                 all
                 kinds
                 ,
                 as
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 Lions
                 ,
                 Leopards
                 ,
                 Deer
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 wonderful
                 Creatures
                 both
                 for
                 Strength
                 and
                 Proportion
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Island
                 there
                 are
                 Three
                 chief
                 Cities
                 ,
                 
                   Hyracia
                   ,
                   Dalis
                
                 and
                 Oceanis
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 Country
                 is
                 very
                 Fertile
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 in
                 the
                 production
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Wine
                 in
                 great
                 Plenty
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Men
                 are
                 Warlike
                 ,
                 and
                 use
                 Chariots
                 in
                 Battles
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 ancient
                 manner
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 Nation
                 is
                 divided
                 into
                 Three
                 Parts
                 :
                 The
                 First
                 Class
                 is
                 of
                 the
                 Priests
                 ,
                 with
                 whom
                 are
                 joyn'd
                 the
                 Artificers
                 .
                 The
                 other
                 Tribe
                 consists
                 of
                 the
                 Husband-men
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Third
                 are
                 the
                 Militia
                 and
                 the
                 Shepherds
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Priests
                 govern
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 the
                 sole
                 Arbitrators
                 in
                 every
                 matter
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 give
                 Judgment
                 in
                 all
                 Controversies
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 the
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 in
                 all
                 publick
                 Transactions
                 of
                 State.
                 The
                 Husbandmen
                 Till
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Fruit
                 is
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 Common
                 Treasury
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 is
                 judg'd
                 the
                 most
                 skilful
                 in
                 Husbandry
                 ,
                 receives
                 the
                 largest
                 share
                 of
                 the
                 Fruits
                 for
                 a
                 Reward
                 in
                 the
                 First
                 Place
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 Tenth
                 ,
                 as
                 every
                 one
                 merits
                 less
                 or
                 more
                 ,
                 receives
                 his
                 Reward
                 by
                 the
                 Judgment
                 of
                 the
                 Priests
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 the
                 Shepherds
                 and
                 Herdsmen
                 carefully
                 bring
                 into
                 the
                 publick
                 Stock
                 ,
                 the
                 Victims
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 both
                 by
                 number
                 and
                 weight
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 things
                 are
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 's
                 not
                 lawful
                 for
                 any
                 to
                 appropriate
                 any
                 thing
                 to
                 themselves
                 particularly
                 ,
                 except
                 a
                 House
                 and
                 a
                 Garden
                 .
                 For
                 all
                 the
                 young
                 Breed
                 of
                 Cattel
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Revenues
                 ,
                 are
                 receiv'd
                 by
                 the
                 Priests
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 justly
                 distribute
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 as
                 their
                 necessity
                 does
                 require
                 ;
                 only
                 the
                 Priests
                 have
                 a
                 double
                 Proportion
                 .
                 
              
               
                 They
                 wear
                 soft
                 and
                 fine
                 Garments
                 ;
                 for
                 their
                 Sheeps
                 Wooll
                 is
                 much
                 finer
                 here
                 than
                 any
                 where
                 else
                 ;
                 both
                 Men
                 and
                 Women
                 likewise
                 deck
                 themselves
                 with
                 Golden
                 Ornaments
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 wear
                 Necklaces
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 Bracelets
                 about
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 like
                 the
                 Persians
                 have
                 Rings
                 hanging
                 in
                 their
                 Ears
                 .
                 Their
                 Shooes
                 are
                 such
                 as
                 others
                 wear
                 ,
                 but
                 richly
                 beautify'd
                 with
                 divers
                 sorts
                 of
                 Colours
                 .
              
               
                 Their
                 Soldiers
                 for
                 ordinary
                 Pay
                 ,
                 defend
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 fortifying
                 themselves
                 within
                 Camps
                 and
                 Bulwarks
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 's
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 infested
                 with
                 most
                 daring
                 Thieves
                 and
                 Robbers
                 ,
                 who
                 often
                 lurch
                 and
                 surprize
                 the
                 Husband-men
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 these
                 Priests
                 for
                 Delicacy
                 ,
                 State
                 and
                 Purity
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 far
                 exceed
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 :
                 Their
                 Robes
                 are
                 of
                 white
                 Linen
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 of
                 pure
                 soft
                 Wooll
                 .
                 They
                 wear
                 likewise
                 Miters
                 ,
                 imbroider'd
                 with
                 Gold.
                 Their
                 Shoes
                 are
                 Sandals
                 curiously
                 wrought
                 with
                 exquisite
                 Workmanship
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 their
                 Ears
                 hang
                 Golden
                 Ear-rings
                 like
                 to
                 the
                 Womens
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 attend
                 chiefly
                 upon
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 singing
                 melodious
                 Songs
                 in
                 their
                 Praises
                 ,
                 setting
                 forth
                 their
                 glorious
                 Acts
                 and
                 Benefits
                 bestow'd
                 upon
                 Men.
                 The
                 Priests
                 say
                 they
                 came
                 originally
                 from
                 Crete
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 brought
                 over
                 into
                 Panchaea
                 by
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 upon
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 govern'd
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 and
                 alledge
                 their
                 Language
                 for
                 a
                 Confirmation
                 of
                 this
                 Assertion
                 ,
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 they
                 retain
                 many
                 Words
                 of
                 the
                 Cretian
                 Speech
                 among
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 further
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 deriv'd
                 from
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 that
                 Civility
                 and
                 kindness
                 wherewith
                 they
                 entertain
                 the
                 Cretians
                 ,
                 the
                 Fame
                 and
                 report
                 of
                 their
                 ancient
                 Consanguinity
                 descending
                 continually
                 in
                 a
                 perpetual
                 Succession
                 to
                 their
                 Posterity
                 :
                 They
                 shew
                 likewise
                 a
                 Record
                 written
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 by
                 
                 Jupiter's
                 own
                 Hand
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 on
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 the
                 Foundation
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 in
                 this
                 Island
                 likewise
                 Mines
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 Silver
                 ,
                 Brass
                 and
                 Iron
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 lawful
                 for
                 any
                 to
                 export
                 them
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 not
                 lawful
                 for
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Priests
                 to
                 go
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Verge
                 of
                 the
                 Consecrated
                 Ground
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 do
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 lawful
                 for
                 any
                 Man
                 that
                 finds
                 'em
                 to
                 kill
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 They
                 have
                 under
                 their
                 Charge
                 ,
                 innumerable
                 vast
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Consecrated
                 things
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ,
                 which
                 have
                 been
                 laid
                 up
                 there
                 in
                 honour
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 for
                 many
                 Ages
                 .
                 The
                 Gates
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 are
                 of
                 admirable
                 Workmanship
                 ,
                 beautify'd
                 with
                 Gold
                 ,
                 Silver
                 ,
                 Ivory
                 and
                 Thyne
                 Wood.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 *
                 Bed
                 of
                 the
                 God
                 is
                 Six
                 Cubits
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 broad
                 ,
                 of
                 massy
                 Gold
                 ,
                 most
                 curiously
                 wrought
                 in
                 every
                 part
                 ;
                 and
                 near
                 adjoyning
                 ,
                 stands
                 the
                 Table
                 ,
                 as
                 large
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 like
                 Materials
                 and
                 Workmanship
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 every
                 respect
                 .
              
               
               
                 In
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Bed
                 ,
                 is
                 plac'd
                 a
                 great
                 Golden
                 Pillar
                 ,
                 whereon
                 are
                 Letters
                 inscrib'd
                 ,
                 call'd
                 by
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 ,
                 Sacred
                 Writing
                 ,
                 expressing
                 the
                 famous
                 Actions
                 of
                 
                   Vranus
                   ,
                   Jupiter
                   ,
                   Diana
                
                 and
                 Apollo
                 ,
                 written
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 by
                 Mercury
                 himself
                 .
                 
                 But
                 this
                 may
                 suffice
                 concerning
                 the
                 Islands
                 lying
                 in
                 the
                 Ocean
                 over
                 against
                 Arabia
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 shall
                 now
                 speak
                 of
                 those
                 in
                 the
                 Aegaean
                 Sea
                 ,
                 near
                 to
                 Greece
                 ,
                 beginning
                 
                 with
                 Samothracia
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 this
                 Island
                 was
                 anciently
                 call'd
                 Samos
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 Samothracia
                 ,
                 to
                 distinguish
                 from
                 one
                 near
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Samos
                 ,
                 built
                 by
                 Samus
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Inhabitants
                 are
                 those
                 that
                 have
                 ever
                 been
                 originally
                 there
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 there
                 's
                 nothing
                 certain
                 handed
                 down
                 to
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 concerning
                 the
                 first
                 Inhabitants
                 and
                 Governors
                 of
                 this
                 Place
                 .
                 Some
                 there
                 are
                 notwithstanding
                 ,
                 that
                 report
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 anciently
                 call'd
                 Samos
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 Samothracia
                 ,
                 from
                 Colonies
                 that
                 settl'd
                 there
                 out
                 of
                 Samos
                 and
                 Thrace
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 natural
                 Inhabitants
                 had
                 anciently
                 a
                 peculiar
                 kind
                 of
                 Speech
                 ,
                 some
                 Marks
                 
                 whereof
                 remain
                 in
                 the
                 Worship
                 of
                 their
                 Gods
                 at
                 this
                 Day
                 .
                 The
                 Samothracians
                 themselves
                 report
                 ,
                 that
                 before
                 there
                 was
                 any
                 Flood
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 one
                 amongst
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 first
                 Irruption
                 was
                 at
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Cyneae
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 made
                 through
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Pontick
                 Sea
                 being
                 once
                 a
                 standing
                 Pool
                 ,
                 was
                 so
                 swell'd
                 by
                 the
                 falling
                 in
                 of
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 overcharged
                 with
                 Water
                 ,
                 it
                 empty'd
                 it self
                 into
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 and
                 overflow'd
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 a
                 considerable
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Champain
                 Country
                 of
                 Samo-thracia
                 under
                 Water
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 a
                 manifestation
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 some
                 Fishermen
                 of
                 later
                 time
                 have
                 brought
                 up
                 with
                 their
                 Nets
                 ,
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 Stony
                 Pillars
                 ,
                 certain
                 Signs
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 being
                 overflow'd
                 and
                 ruin'd
                 by
                 the
                 Waters
                 .
                 The
                 Inhabitants
                 that
                 escap'd
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 higher
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Sea
                 rising
                 still
                 higher
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 their
                 Addresses
                 to
                 their
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 being
                 deliver'd
                 from
                 the
                 imminent
                 Danger
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 ,
                 they
                 compass'd
                 in
                 the
                 Bounds
                 of
                 those
                 Places
                 wherein
                 they
                 were
                 preserv'd
                 throughout
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 erected
                 Altars
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 sacrifice
                 to
                 their
                 Gods
                 at
                 this
                 Day
                 :
                 Whence
                 it
                 's
                 apparent
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 inhabited
                 Samothracia
                 before
                 the
                 last
                 Deluge
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 one
                 Saon
                 an
                 Islander
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 (
                 as
                 some
                 say
                 )
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 and
                 Nympha
                 ,
                 but
                 (
                 as
                 others
                 ,
                 of
                 Mercury
                 and
                 
                   Rhena
                   ,
                
                 )
                 gather'd
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 (
                 before
                 living
                 scatter'd
                 and
                 dispers'd
                 )
                 into
                 a
                 Body
                 ;
                 and
                 made
                 Laws
                 for
                 their
                 better
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 them
                 into
                 Five
                 Tribes
                 ,
                 calling
                 them
                 after
                 the
                 Names
                 of
                 his
                 Sons
                 ,
                 but
                 nam'd
                 himself
                 Saon
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 .
                 The
                 Government
                 being
                 thus
                 setled
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   Dardanus
                   ,
                   Jasion
                
                 and
                 Harmonia
                 ,
                 the
                 Children
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 and
                 Electra
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Daughters
                 of
                 Atlas
                 ,
                 were
                 born
                 among
                 them
                 .
                 Of
                 these
                 ,
                 Dardanus
                 (
                 being
                 a
                 bold
                 and
                 brave
                 Spirited
                 Man
                 )
                 pass'd
                 over
                 in
                 a
                 Pinnace
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 first
                 built
                 the
                 City
                 Dardanus
                 ,
                 and
                 erected
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Troy
                 (
                 so
                 call'd
                 ,
                 from
                 Troy
                 built
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 call'd
                 the
                 People
                 Dardanians
                 .
                 He
                 Reign'd
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 over
                 many
                 other
                 Nations
                 besides
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Dardanians
                 above
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 were
                 a
                 Colony
                 setled
                 there
                 by
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 further
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 Jupiter
                 desiring
                 likewise
                 to
                 advance
                 his
                 other
                 Son
                 to
                 a
                 high
                 degree
                 of
                 Honour
                 and
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 discover'd
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 Rites
                 of
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Mysteries
                 anciently
                 observ'd
                 in
                 that
                 Island
                 ,
                 but
                 then
                 newly
                 reviv'd
                 ,
                 which
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 lawful
                 for
                 any
                 to
                 hear
                 ,
                 but
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 initiated
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 he
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 initiated
                 Strangers
                 ;
                 whence
                 these
                 Rites
                 and
                 Ceremonies
                 became
                 more
                 noted
                 and
                 famous
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 Cadmus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Agenor
                 came
                 thither
                 to
                 seek
                 after
                 Europa
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 being
                 initiated
                 into
                 these
                 Sacred
                 Mysteries
                 ,
                 married
                 Harmonia
                 the
                 Sister
                 of
                 Jasion
                 ,
                 not
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Mars
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Greeks
                 report
                 :
                 They
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 Marriage
                 that
                 was
                 celebrated
                 in
                 the
                 presence
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 where
                 Ceres
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 Jasion
                 ,
                 presented
                 him
                 with
                 Corn
                 ,
                 Mercury
                 with
                 a
                 Harp
                 ;
                 Minerva
                 bestow'd
                 that
                 famous
                 Necklace
                 ,
                 Vail
                 and
                 Pipe.
                 Electra
                 taught
                 him
                 to
                 celebrate
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Mysteries
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Mother
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 with
                 Cymbals
                 ,
                 Timbrels
                 and
                 Dancing
                 .
                 Apollo
                 play'd
                 upon
                 his
                 Harp
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Muses
                 upon
                 wind
                 Instruments
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 celebrated
                 the
                 Nuptials
                 with
                 joyful
                 Acclamations
                 .
              
               
               
                 Cadmus
                 afterwards
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 commanded
                 by
                 the
                 Oracle
                 )
                 built
                 Thebes
                 in
                 Beotia
                 ;
                 and
                 Jasion
                 marry'd
                 Cybele
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 they
                 say
                 he
                 begat
                 Coxybas
                 ;
                 after
                 Jasion
                 was
                 receiv'd
                 into
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 
                   Dardanus
                   ,
                   Cybele
                
                 and
                 Coripas
                 travelling
                 into
                 Phrygia
                 brought
                 over
                 the
                 sacred
                 Mysteries
                 of
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 into
                 Asia
                 ;
                 then
                 Cybele
                 Marry'd
                 Olympus
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 and
                 bore
                 Alces
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 this
                 Godess
                 Cybele
                 after
                 her
                 own
                 Name
                 .
                 Corybas
                 call'd
                 those
                 that
                 celebrated
                 the
                 sacred
                 Mysteries
                 of
                 his
                 Mother
                 (
                 in
                 a
                 furious
                 Rage
                 like
                 Madmen
                 )
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 ,
                 Corybantes
                 ,
                 and
                 marry'd
                 Thebe
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 *
                 Cilix
                 ;
                 and
                 thus
                 Pipes
                 were
                 brought
                 over
                 into
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 Mercury's
                 Harp
                 into
                 Lyrnesus
                 ;
                 which
                 when
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 taken
                 ,
                 was
                 carry'd
                 ,
                 away
                 by
                 Achilles
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 reported
                 likewise
                 that
                 Pluto
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Jasion
                 and
                 Ceres
                 ,
                 which
                 rose
                 from
                 this
                 real
                 Truth
                 ,
                 that
                 Ceres
                 at
                 the
                 Marriage
                 of
                 Haermonia
                 bestowed
                 upon
                 Jasion
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 her
                 Familiarity
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 †
                 rich
                 Presents
                 
                 of
                 Corn
                 :
                 But
                 what
                 are
                 particularly
                 acted
                 in
                 the
                 Celebration
                 of
                 these
                 sacred
                 Mysteries
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 granted
                 are
                 only
                 known
                 by
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 initiated
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 commonly
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 these
                 Gods
                 are
                 always
                 present
                 ,
                 and
                 afford
                 their
                 help
                 and
                 assistance
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 Initiated
                 ,
                 and
                 call
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 fall
                 into
                 any
                 suddain
                 and
                 unexpected
                 Distress
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 these
                 Worshipers
                 grow
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 Pious
                 and
                 Righteous
                 ,
                 and
                 still
                 exceed
                 themselves
                 in
                 Goodness
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 of
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Heroes
                 and
                 Demygods
                 greatly
                 coveted
                 to
                 be
                 initiated
                 into
                 these
                 sacred
                 Rites
                 and
                 Ceremonies
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 's
                 believ'd
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   Jasion
                   ,
                   Dioscurus
                   ,
                   Hercules
                
                 and
                 Orpheus
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 Members
                 of
                 this
                 Society
                 )
                 through
                 the
                 favour
                 of
                 these
                 Gods
                 prosper'd
                 in
                 all
                 their
                 Wars
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 now
                 finish'd
                 what
                 concerns
                 Samothracia
                 ,
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 History
                 leads
                 us
                 to
                 Naxus
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Island
                 was
                 formerly
                 call'd
                 Strongyle
                 .
                 The
                 Thracians
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 
                 setl'd
                 here
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 occasion
                 following
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 Boreas
                 had
                 two
                 Sons
                 ,
                 Butes
                 and
                 Lycurgus
                 ,
                 of
                 several
                 Mothers
                 .
                 Butes
                 the
                 younger
                 Plotted
                 to
                 Murther
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 plainly
                 discover'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Father
                 appointed
                 no
                 greater
                 a
                 Punishment
                 to
                 be
                 Executed
                 upon
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 commanded
                 him
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 Accomplices
                 to
                 take
                 Shipping
                 and
                 be
                 gone
                 ,
                 and
                 seek
                 out
                 for
                 themselves
                 some
                 other
                 Habitations
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Butes
                 with
                 a
                 Number
                 of
                 Thrasians
                 (
                 his
                 fellow
                 Criminals
                 )
                 went
                 aboard
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 direct
                 Course
                 made
                 their
                 way
                 through
                 the
                 Cyclade
                 Islands
                 ,
                 and
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Strongyle
                 ,
                 and
                 thus
                 possess'd
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 robb'd
                 all
                 by
                 their
                 Piracies
                 that
                 pass'd
                 that
                 way
                 .
                 But
                 being
                 in
                 want
                 of
                 Women
                 ,
                 they
                 rov'd
                 about
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 forcibly
                 carry'd
                 them
                 away
                 where
                 ever
                 they
                 could
                 find
                 them
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 Ciclade
                 Islands
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 were
                 wholly
                 desolate
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 of
                 them
                 but
                 very
                 thinly
                 inhabited
                 .
                 Running
                 out
                 therefore
                 a
                 long
                 way
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 repuls'd
                 at
                 Eubaea
                 ,
                 they
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Thessaly
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 landing
                 ,
                 they
                 met
                 with
                 the
                 Nurses
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 at
                 the
                 Mountain
                 call'd
                 Diros
                 ,
                 Celebrating
                 the
                 Mysteries
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 in
                 
                   Achaia
                   Phthiotis
                
                 ;
                 being
                 then
                 ready
                 to
                 seize
                 upon
                 the
                 Women
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 cast
                 away
                 their
                 Offerings
                 and
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 to
                 the
                 Mountain
                 before
                 mention'd
                 :
                 But
                 Butes
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 Coronides
                 ,
                 and
                 Ravish'd
                 her
                 ,
                 which
                 dishonour
                 she
                 bore
                 so
                 hainously
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 call'd
                 upon
                 Bacchus
                 to
                 revenge
                 her
                 Disgrace
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 he
                 struck
                 Butes
                 with
                 Madness
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 his
                 Mad
                 mood
                 cast
                 himself
                 into
                 a
                 Pit
                 and
                 so
                 perish'd
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Thracians
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 other
                 Women
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 were
                 two
                 Noble
                 Ladies
                 ,
                 Iphimedia
                 the
                 Wife
                 of
                 Aloeas
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Daughter
                 Pancratis
                 ;
                 with
                 these
                 they
                 return'd
                 to
                 Strongyle
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 room
                 of
                 Butes
                 they
                 Created
                 Agassamenus
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 Marry'd
                 him
                 to
                 Pancratis
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Aloeas
                 ,
                 a
                 Lady
                 of
                 an
                 admirable
                 Beauty
                 :
                 For
                 (
                 before
                 whom
                 he
                 took
                 her
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Wife
                 )
                 Siculus
                 and
                 Hecaterus
                 ,
                 two
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 eminent
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 fought
                 a
                 Duel
                 ,
                 and
                 Wounded
                 one
                 another
                 .
                 Agassamenus
                 bestow'd
                 Iphimedia
                 upon
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 intimate
                 Friends
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 General
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Aloeas
                 sent
                 his
                 two
                 Sons
                 ,
                 Otus
                 and
                 Ephialtes
                 ,
                 to
                 seek
                 after
                 his
                 Wife
                 and
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 who
                 invading
                 Strongyle
                 ,
                 fought
                 with
                 the
                 Thracians
                 ,
                 routed
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 by
                 Storm
                 .
                 Not
                 long
                 after
                 Pancratis
                 dy'd
                 ,
                 Otus
                 and
                 Ephialtes
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 ousted
                 the
                 Thracians
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 it
                 Dia.
                 Shortly
                 after
                 they
                 fell
                 out
                 and
                 fought
                 a
                 set
                 Battel
                 ,
                 wherein
                 many
                 were
                 kill'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 two
                 Brothers
                 kill'd
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 afterwards
                 ador'd
                 as
                 Demygods
                 .
                 After
                 the
                 Thracians
                 had
                 held
                 the
                 Island
                 for
                 above
                 two
                 hundred
                 Years
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 a
                 Drought
                 and
                 Famin
                 forc'd
                 'em
                 to
                 leave
                 the
                 Place
                 .
                 After
                 them
                 the
                 Carians
                 (
                 being
                 expuls'd
                 Lamia
                 )
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 whose
                 King
                 Naxus
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Polemon
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 order'd
                 the
                 Island
                 should
                 be
                 call'd
                 Naxus
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 .
                 This
                 
                 Naxus
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 famous
                 and
                 good
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 behind
                 him
                 a
                 Son
                 ,
                 call'd
                 
                 Leucippus
                 ,
                 whose
                 Son
                 Smardius
                 afterwards
                 reign'd
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 ;
                 in
                 whose
                 Reign
                 Theseus
                 coming
                 out
                 of
                 Crete
                 with
                 Ariadne
                 ,
                 landed
                 here
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 his
                 Sleep
                 saw
                 Bacchus
                 threatning
                 him
                 with
                 Ruin
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 forsake
                 Ariadne
                 ;
                 with
                 which
                 Vision
                 being
                 terrify'd
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 withdrew
                 himself
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 .
                 Then
                 Bacchus
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 led
                 away
                 Ariadne
                 to
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Arius
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 immediately
                 disappear'd
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 Ariadne
                 was
                 no
                 more
                 seen
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Naxians
                 have
                 many
                 Stories
                 amongst
                 them
                 concerning
                 this
                 God
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 say
                 he
                 was
                 bred
                 up
                 with
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 that
                 this
                 Island
                 was
                 lov'd
                 by
                 Bacchus
                 more
                 than
                 any
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 some
                 call'd
                 Dionysiades
                 .
                 For
                 Jupiter
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Story
                 goes
                 )
                 
                   (
                   Semele
                
                 before
                 the
                 Birth
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 being
                 struck
                 with
                 a
                 Thunderbolt
                 )
                 took
                 the
                 Infant
                 Bacchus
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Mother's
                 Womb
                 ,
                 and
                 clapt
                 him
                 within
                 his
                 Thigh
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 full
                 time
                 of
                 his
                 Birth
                 was
                 at
                 Hand
                 ,
                 to
                 conceal
                 him
                 from
                 Juno
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 brought
                 forth
                 in
                 Naxus
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 committed
                 to
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Nymphs
                 ,
                 
                   Philias
                   ,
                   Coronidis
                
                 and
                 Cleidis
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 educated
                 by
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Semele
                 was
                 therefore
                 before
                 his
                 Birth
                 kill'd
                 by
                 Lightning
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 Bacchus
                 not
                 being
                 born
                 of
                 a
                 Mortal
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 Two
                 immortal
                 Deities
                 ,
                 might
                 from
                 his
                 Birth
                 be
                 of
                 an
                 Immortal
                 Nature
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 account
                 therefore
                 of
                 the
                 kindness
                 shew'd
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Education
                 ,
                 he
                 express'd
                 his
                 gratitude
                 to
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 so
                 far
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 advanc'd
                 them
                 to
                 a
                 high
                 degree
                 of
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 brave
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Ships
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 being
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 made
                 a
                 defection
                 from
                 Xerxes
                 ,
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 he
                 assisted
                 'em
                 to
                 vanquish
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 in
                 a
                 Sea-Fight
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 gave
                 a
                 clear
                 Evidence
                 and
                 Token
                 of
                 his
                 Concern
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Battel
                 at
                 Platea
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 excellency
                 of
                 their
                 Wine
                 ,
                 was
                 an
                 apparent
                 demonstration
                 of
                 the
                 Kindness
                 of
                 this
                 God
                 to
                 their
                 Island
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 First
                 that
                 inhabited
                 Syme
                 (
                 which
                 before
                 lay
                 waste
                 and
                 desolate
                 )
                 were
                 
                 those
                 that
                 came
                 thither
                 with
                 Triops
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Conduct
                 of
                 Chthonius
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Neptune
                 and
                 Symes
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 the
                 Island
                 was
                 so
                 call'd
                 .
              
               
                 Nireus
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Charopus
                 and
                 Aglaies
                 ,
                 was
                 in
                 after-times
                 King
                 of
                 this
                 Island
                 ;
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 comely
                 and
                 beautiful
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 along
                 with
                 Agamemnon
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 Troy
                 ;
                 and
                 together
                 with
                 this
                 Island
                 ,
                 was
                 Lord
                 of
                 Cnidus
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Trojan
                 War
                 ,
                 the
                 Carians
                 possessed
                 themselves
                 of
                 this
                 Place
                 at
                 such
                 time
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 Masters
                 at
                 Sea
                 ;
                 afterwards
                 forc'd
                 thence
                 by
                 an
                 excessive
                 Drought
                 ,
                 they
                 settl'd
                 themselves
                 in
                 *
                 Vranium
                 .
                 From
                 that
                 time
                 it
                 lay
                 desolate
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 Fleet
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 and
                 Argives
                 arriv'd
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 it
                 was
                 Planted
                 with
                 new
                 Colonies
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 .
              
               
                 †
                 Nausus
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Companions
                 of
                 Hippotas
                 ,
                 taking
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 those
                 that
                 came
                 too
                 late
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 the
                 *
                 Country
                 was
                 divided
                 by
                 lot
                 ,
                 possessed
                 himself
                 of
                 Syme
                 ,
                 which
                 then
                 lay
                 desolate
                 ,
                 and
                 afterward
                 receiv'd
                 others
                 (
                 that
                 came
                 there
                 under
                 the
                 Conduct
                 of
                 Xuthus
                 )
                 to
                 share
                 with
                 him
                 both
                 in
                 the
                 Priviledges
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 Commodities
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 possess'd
                 the
                 Island
                 equally
                 among
                 them
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 both
                 Cnidians
                 and
                 Rhodians
                 made
                 up
                 part
                 of
                 this
                 Colony
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Cares
                 anciently
                 possess'd
                 Calydna
                 and
                 Nisyrus
                 ;
                 and
                 afterwards
                 Thessalus
                 ,
                 the
                 
                 Son
                 of
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 was
                 Lord
                 of
                 both
                 the
                 Islands
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 Antiphus
                 and
                 Philippus
                 Kings
                 of
                 Coos
                 (
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 ingag'd
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 of
                 Troy
                 )
                 were
                 Generals
                 of
                 those
                 Forces
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 out
                 of
                 these
                 Islands
                 .
                 In
                 their
                 return
                 from
                 the
                 Trojan
                 War
                 ,
                 Four
                 of
                 
                 Agamemnon's
                 Ships
                 were
                 by
                 a
                 Storm
                 cast
                 upon
                 Calydna
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Men
                 that
                 were
                 on
                 Board
                 ,
                 continu'd
                 there
                 intermixt
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 ancient
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Nisyrus
                 ,
                 were
                 swallow'd
                 up
                 by
                 an
                 Earthquake
                 .
                 After
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Coons
                 added
                 it
                 to
                 their
                 Dominion
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 had
                 done
                 Calydna
                 before
                 .
                 After
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 sent
                 a
                 Colony
                 thither
                 ;
                 all
                 the
                 former
                 Inhabitants
                 being
                 wholly
                 swept
                 away
                 with
                 a
                 Plague
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 Carpathus
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 first
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 by
                 some
                 of
                 Minos
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 at
                 
                 such
                 time
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 Master
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 lorded
                 it
                 over
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
                 Many
                 Ages
                 after
                 ,
                 Ioclus
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Thymoleon
                 of
                 Argos
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 brought
                 over
                 a
                 Colony
                 thither
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Island
                 of
                 Rhodes
                 was
                 anciently
                 inhabited
                 by
                 those
                 call'd
                 Telchines
                 ;
                 who
                 (
                 as
                 
                 an
                 old
                 Story
                 goes
                 )
                 were
                 the
                 Offspring
                 of
                 †
                 Thalassa
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 Caphira
                 the
                 Daughter
                 
                 of
                 Oceanus
                 brought
                 up
                 Neptune
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 committed
                 to
                 their
                 care
                 by
                 Rhea
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 they
                 invented
                 several
                 Arts
                 ,
                 and
                 found
                 out
                 many
                 other
                 things
                 useful
                 and
                 conducing
                 to
                 the
                 well-being
                 of
                 Man's
                 Life
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 reported
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 made
                 Statues
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 Images
                 were
                 denominated
                 from
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 amongst
                 the
                 
                   Lindians
                   ,
                   Apollo
                
                 is
                 call'd
                 
                   Apollo
                   Telchinius
                
                 :
                 Amongst
                 the
                 
                   Ialysians
                   ,
                   Juno
                
                 and
                 the
                 Nymphs
                 were
                 call'd
                 Telchiniae
                 ;
                 and
                 amongst
                 the
                 
                   Camiraeans
                   ,
                   Juno
                
                 was
                 call'd
                 
                   Juno
                   Telchinia
                
                 .
                 But
                 these
                 Telchines
                 were
                 likewise
                 reported
                 to
                 be
                 Conjurers
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 could
                 raise
                 Storms
                 and
                 Tempests
                 ,
                 with
                 Rain
                 ,
                 Hail
                 and
                 Snow
                 ,
                 when
                 ever
                 they
                 pleas'd
                 ;
                 which
                 the
                 ‖
                 Magicians
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 related
                 in
                 History
                 ,
                 were
                 used
                 to
                 do
                 .
                 They
                 could
                 likewise
                 transform
                 themselves
                 into
                 other
                 Shapes
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 envious
                 at
                 all
                 that
                 learnt
                 their
                 Art.
                 
              
               
                 Neptune
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 fell
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 Halia
                 ,
                 the
                 Sister
                 of
                 the
                 Telchines
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 her
                 begat
                 several
                 Children
                 ,
                 Six
                 Sons
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 Daughter
                 call'd
                 Rhoda
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 the
                 Island
                 was
                 call'd
                 Rhodes
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 those
                 Days
                 there
                 were
                 Giants
                 in
                 the
                 Western
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 .
                 Then
                 likewise
                 Jupiter
                 having
                 conquer'd
                 the
                 Titans
                 ,
                 fell
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 a
                 Nymph
                 nam'd
                 Hamalia
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 her
                 begat
                 Three
                 Sons
                 ,
                 
                   Spartaeus
                   ,
                   Cronius
                
                 and
                 Cytus
                 .
                 About
                 the
                 time
                 they
                 were
                 grown
                 up
                 to
                 Mens
                 Estate
                 ,
                 Venus
                 in
                 her
                 Passage
                 from
                 Cythera
                 to
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 this
                 Island
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 hinder'd
                 from
                 landing
                 by
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Neptune
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 proud
                 and
                 impious
                 Language
                 ,
                 the
                 Goddess
                 was
                 so
                 provok'd
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 she
                 struck
                 'em
                 mad
                 ,
                 and
                 caus'd
                 'em
                 in
                 their
                 raging
                 mood
                 to
                 ravish
                 their
                 own
                 Mother
                 ,
                 and
                 commit
                 many
                 other
                 outrages
                 upon
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 Neptune
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 this
                 vile
                 Fact
                 ,
                 sunk
                 his
                 Sons
                 under
                 Ground
                 for
                 their
                 Wickedness
                 .
                 Whence
                 they
                 were
                 call'd
                 the
                 *
                 Eastern
                 Daemons
                 .
                 Halia
                 threw
                 her self
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 was
                 ador'd
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 as
                 a
                 Goddess
                 by
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Leucothea
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 the
                 Telchines
                 foreseeing
                 an
                 Inundation
                 coming
                 upon
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 forsook
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 dispers'd
                 and
                 scatter'd
                 Abroad
                 .
                 Of
                 whom
                 Lycus
                 went
                 into
                 Lycia
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 
                   Apollo
                   Lycius
                
                 ,
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Xanthus
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Flood
                 came
                 ,
                 it
                 rose
                 so
                 high
                 ,
                 that
                 besides
                 destroying
                 those
                 that
                 remain'd
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 flat
                 and
                 Champain
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 (
                 with
                 Showers
                 that
                 pour'd
                 down
                 continually
                 )
                 was
                 like
                 a
                 standing
                 Pool
                 of
                 Water
                 :
                 Some
                 few
                 that
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 higher
                 Grounds
                 were
                 preserv'd
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 were
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 .
                 But
                 Sol
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Story
                 is
                 )
                 falling
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 Rhoda
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 Island
                 after
                 her
                 Name
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 and
                 cleared
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 the
                 Inundation
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 truth
                 coucht
                 in
                 the
                 Fable
                 is
                 this
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 Generation
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Island
                 lay
                 in
                 Mud
                 and
                 Dirt
                 ,
                 the
                 Sun
                 dry'd
                 up
                 the
                 Moisture
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 the
                 Land
                 productive
                 of
                 Living
                 Creatures
                 ;
                 whence
                 sprang
                 the
                 Seven
                 Heliades
                 ,
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 †
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Men
                 ,
                 the
                 Original
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 And
                 hence
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 account
                 the
                 Island
                 to
                 be
                 consecrated
                 to
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 in
                 after-times
                 constantly
                 worship'd
                 the
                 Sun
                 above
                 all
                 other
                 Gods
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Parent
                 from
                 whence
                 they
                 first
                 sprang
                 .
                 The
                 Names
                 of
                 his
                 *
                 Seven
                 Sons
                 are
                 
                   Ochimus
                   ,
                   Ceraphus
                   ,
                   Macir
                   ,
                   Astis
                   ,
                   Tenages
                   ,
                   Triopas
                
                 and
                 Candalus
                 ;
                 ‖
                 he
                 had
                 only
                 one
                 Daughter
                 call'd
                 Electryo
                 ,
                 who
                 dying
                 a
                 Virgin
                 ,
                 became
                 ever
                 after
                 ador'd
                 by
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 as
                 a
                 Demy-Goddess
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Heliades
                 attain'd
                 to
                 Mens
                 Estate
                 ,
                 Sol
                 told
                 'em
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 soever
                 of
                 them
                 first
                 sacrific'd
                 to
                 Minerva
                 ,
                 should
                 ever
                 enjoy
                 the
                 presence
                 of
                 the
                 Goddess
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 thing
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 was
                 promis'd
                 and
                 foretold
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 it
                 fell
                 out
                 that
                 the
                 Heliades
                 ,
                 through
                 
                 too
                 much
                 hast
                 ,
                 forgot
                 to
                 put
                 Fire
                 under
                 the
                 Altars
                 ,
                 before
                 they
                 laid
                 the
                 Sacrifices
                 upon
                 them
                 :
                 Cecrops
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 then
                 reign'd
                 in
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 later
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 slaying
                 the
                 Burnt-Offering
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 before
                 them
                 in
                 burning
                 the
                 Victim
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 Reason
                 there
                 's
                 a
                 peculiar
                 *
                 Ceremony
                 us'd
                 in
                 Rhodes
                 in
                 their
                 Sacred
                 Mysteries
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Image
                 of
                 the
                 Goddess
                 is
                 set
                 up
                 there
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 things
                 some
                 have
                 related
                 concerning
                 the
                 Antiquities
                 of
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 ,
                 among
                 whom
                 is
                 Zenon
                 ,
                 who
                 wrote
                 their
                 History
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Heliades
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 station
                 above
                 other
                 Men
                 ,
                 so
                 they
                 excell'd
                 others
                 in
                 Learning
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 in
                 Astrology
                 .
                 They
                 were
                 the
                 Persons
                 that
                 first
                 found
                 out
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Navigation
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 dividing
                 of
                 the
                 Day
                 into
                 Hours
                 .
                 Tenages
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 ingenious
                 of
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 through
                 Envy
                 was
                 
                 Murdered
                 by
                 his
                 Brothers
                 ;
                 Upon
                 discovery
                 of
                 the
                 Fact
                 ,
                 both
                 the
                 principal
                 .
                 Authors
                 and
                 their
                 Accomplices
                 fled
                 for
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Macer
                 got
                 to
                 Lesbos
                 ,
                 and
                 Candalus
                 to
                 
                   Coos
                   .
                   Actis
                
                 fled
                 into
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 built
                 Heliopolis
                 ,
                 calling
                 it
                 after
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 him
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 learnt
                 the
                 Science
                 of
                 Astrology
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 when
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Greece
                 were
                 destroy'd
                 by
                 the
                 Flood
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 Records
                 and
                 ancient
                 Monuments
                 perish'd
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 took
                 this
                 occasion
                 to
                 appropriate
                 the
                 study
                 of
                 Astrology
                 solely
                 to
                 themselves
                 ;
                 and
                 whereas
                 the
                 Grecians
                 (
                 through
                 Ignorance
                 )
                 as
                 yet
                 valu'd
                 not
                 Learning
                 ,
                 it
                 became
                 a
                 general
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 found
                 out
                 the
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 Stars
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 so
                 even
                 the
                 Athenians
                 themselves
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 built
                 the
                 City
                 Sais
                 in
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 yet
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Flood
                 ,
                 were
                 led
                 into
                 the
                 same
                 Error
                 of
                 forgetting
                 what
                 was
                 before
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 it
                 's
                 believ'd
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 Ages
                 after
                 ,
                 Cadmus
                 the
                 Son
                 
                 of
                 Agenor
                 ,
                 brought
                 the
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 Letters
                 out
                 of
                 Phaenicia
                 first
                 into
                 Greece
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 him
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 suppos'd
                 the
                 Grecians
                 themselves
                 added
                 some
                 Letters
                 to
                 those
                 they
                 learn'd
                 before
                 ;
                 but
                 a
                 general
                 Ignorance
                 however
                 still
                 prevailed
                 amongst
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Triopas
                 ,
                 another
                 Son
                 ,
                 past
                 over
                 into
                 Caria
                 ,
                 and
                 possessed
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Promontory
                 there
                 ,
                 call'd
                 from
                 him
                 Triopium
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 
                 Sol's
                 Sons
                 ,
                 having
                 had
                 no
                 hand
                 in
                 the
                 Murder
                 ,
                 staid
                 behind
                 in
                 Rhodes
                 ;
                 and
                 afterwards
                 built
                 the
                 City
                 Achaia
                 ,
                 and
                 dwelt
                 in
                 Ialysia
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Regal
                 Power
                 was
                 in
                 Ochymus
                 the
                 Eldest
                 Son
                 ,
                 who
                 marry'd
                 Hegetoria
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Nymphs
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 her
                 begat
                 a
                 Daughter
                 call'd
                 Gydippe
                 ,
                 who
                 afterwards
                 went
                 by
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Cyrbias
                 ,
                 by
                 marrying
                 of
                 whom
                 Cercaphis
                 his
                 Brother
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 after
                 whose
                 Death
                 ,
                 Three
                 of
                 the
                 Sons
                 ,
                 
                   Lindus
                   ,
                   Ialysus
                
                 and
                 Camirus
                 reign'd
                 together
                 ;
                 in
                 whose
                 time
                 a
                 great
                 Inundation
                 laid
                 Cyrbe
                 waste
                 and
                 desolate
                 .
                 These
                 Three
                 Brothers
                 divided
                 the
                 Country
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 each
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 them
                 after
                 their
                 own
                 Names
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 Danaus
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 Egypt
                 with
                 his
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Daughters
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 landed
                 at
                 Lindus
                 in
                 Rhodes
                 ;
                 where
                 being
                 receiv'd
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 he
                 built
                 a
                 Temple
                 to
                 Minerva
                 ,
                 and
                 consecrated
                 to
                 her
                 an
                 Altar
                 .
                 During
                 this
                 Travel
                 of
                 Danaus
                 ,
                 Three
                 of
                 his
                 Daughters
                 dy'd
                 in
                 Lindus
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 pass'd
                 over
                 with
                 their
                 Father
                 to
                 Argos
                 .
              
               
                 Not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 Cadmus
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Agenor
                 ,
                 being
                 commanded
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 
                 seek
                 after
                 Europa
                 ,
                 made
                 for
                 Rhodes
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Voyage
                 being
                 overtaken
                 with
                 a
                 violent
                 Storm
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 Vow
                 to
                 build
                 a
                 Temple
                 to
                 Neptune
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 escap'd
                 the
                 danger
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Vow
                 )
                 he
                 dedicated
                 a
                 Temple
                 to
                 this
                 God
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Phaenicians
                 to
                 be
                 Overseers
                 of
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Mysteries
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 made
                 Members
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 the
                 Ialysians
                 ,
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Families
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 were
                 chosen
                 the
                 Priests
                 .
                 Cadmus
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 devoted
                 many
                 rich
                 Gifts
                 to
                 
                   Minerva
                   Lindia
                
                 ,
                 amongst
                 which
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 Brass
                 Cauldron
                 ,
                 a
                 most
                 excellent
                 piece
                 of
                 curious
                 ancient
                 Workmanship
                 ;
                 it
                 had
                 an
                 Inscription
                 upon
                 it
                 in
                 Phaenician
                 Letters
                 ;
                 which
                 were
                 therefore
                 called
                 Phaenician
                 ,
                 
                 because
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 they
                 were
                 first
                 brought
                 out
                 of
                 Phaenicia
                 into
                 Greece
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 after-times
                 ,
                 vast
                 Serpents
                 bred
                 in
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 which
                 destroy'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ;
                 those
                 therefore
                 that
                 remain'd
                 ,
                 sent
                 to
                 Delos
                 ,
                 to
                 consult
                 the
                 Oracle
                 what
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 for
                 the
                 removal
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 Calamity
                 they
                 suffer'd
                 under
                 ,
                 who
                 return'd
                 answer
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 should
                 admit
                 Phorbas
                 and
                 his
                 Followers
                 to
                 share
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Lapithas
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 then
                 with
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 in
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 seeking
                 for
                 a
                 convenient
                 Place
                 wherein
                 to
                 settle
                 themselves
                 .
                 The
                 Rhodians
                 hereupon
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 direction
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 )
                 sent
                 for
                 Phorbas
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 Proprietor
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 who
                 destroy'd
                 all
                 the
                 Serpents
                 ,
                 and
                 freed
                 the
                 Country
                 from
                 their
                 former
                 fears
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 thenceforth
                 continu'd
                 in
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 after
                 his
                 Death
                 ador'd
                 as
                 a
                 Demy-God
                 ,
                 having
                 approv'd
                 himself
                 a
                 Good
                 Man
                 in
                 several
                 other
                 respects
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 Althaemenes
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Catreus
                 King
                 of
                 Crete
                 ,
                 consulting
                 the
                 Oracle
                 
                 concerning
                 some
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 was
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 his
                 Fate
                 to
                 kill
                 his
                 own
                 Father
                 ;
                 to
                 avoid
                 which
                 Misfortune
                 ,
                 he
                 voluntarily
                 forsook
                 Crete
                 ,
                 with
                 many
                 others
                 who
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 went
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 pass'd
                 over
                 to
                 Camirus
                 ,
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 of
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 built
                 a
                 Temple
                 upon
                 Mount
                 Atamirus
                 ,
                 
                 to
                 
                   Jupiter
                   Atamirus
                
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 in
                 great
                 Veneration
                 and
                 Esteem
                 at
                 this
                 Day
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 situated
                 upon
                 the
                 very
                 Top
                 of
                 the
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 whence
                 may
                 be
                 had
                 a
                 clear
                 Prospect
                 of
                 
                   Crete
                   .
                   Althamenes
                
                 with
                 his
                 Followers
                 ,
                 thus
                 setl'd
                 in
                 Camirus
                 ,
                 liv'd
                 in
                 great
                 Honour
                 and
                 Esteem
                 among
                 the
                 Citizens
                 .
                 But
                 his
                 Father
                 Catreus
                 having
                 no
                 issue
                 Male
                 ,
                 and
                 exceedingly
                 loving
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 undertook
                 a
                 Voyage
                 to
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 longing
                 to
                 find
                 out
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 him
                 back
                 to
                 Crete
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 his
                 unalterable
                 Destiny
                 was
                 near
                 at
                 Hand
                 ,
                 for
                 landing
                 at
                 Rhodes
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 others
                 of
                 his
                 Attendants
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Conflict
                 between
                 them
                 and
                 the
                 Islanders
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 Althamenes
                 run
                 in
                 hastily
                 to
                 their
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 unknown
                 to
                 him
                 )
                 kill'd
                 his
                 Father
                 with
                 a
                 Dart
                 ;
                 which
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 understand
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 overwhelm'd
                 with
                 Sorrow
                 ,
                 he
                 ever
                 after
                 avoided
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Society
                 ,
                 and
                 wander'd
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 in
                 the
                 Deserts
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 dy'd
                 of
                 Grief
                 :
                 But
                 by
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 he
                 was
                 afterwards
                 honour'd
                 by
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 as
                 a
                 Demy-God
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 the
                 Trojan
                 War
                 ,
                 Tlepolimus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 fled
                 voluntarily
                 from
                 Argos
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 Killing
                 of
                 Licymnius
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 slew
                 unawares
                 ;
                 and
                 upon
                 inquiry
                 having
                 receiv'd
                 an
                 Answer
                 from
                 the
                 Oracle
                 concerning
                 the
                 planting
                 of
                 a
                 Colony
                 ,
                 he
                 pass'd
                 over
                 with
                 a
                 few
                 People
                 into
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 where
                 being
                 receiv'd
                 ,
                 he
                 settled
                 :
                 And
                 being
                 afterwards
                 created
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 he
                 divided
                 the
                 Country
                 into
                 equal
                 Shares
                 by
                 Lot
                 ;
                 and
                 during
                 his
                 Reign
                 ,
                 order'd
                 all
                 other
                 Matters
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Rules
                 of
                 Justice
                 and
                 Equity
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 preparing
                 to
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 Agamemnon
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Expedition
                 against
                 Troy
                 ,
                 he
                 committed
                 the
                 Government
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 Butas
                 ,
                 who
                 fled
                 with
                 him
                 from
                 Argos
                 .
                 And
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 gain'd
                 much
                 Glory
                 and
                 Renown
                 in
                 that
                 War
                 ,
                 he
                 dy'd
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Troas
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 because
                 some
                 things
                 of
                 Chersonesus
                 ,
                 are
                 intermix'd
                 with
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 over
                 against
                 which
                 it
                 lyes
                 ,
                 we
                 conceive
                 it
                 not
                 amiss
                 here
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 Some
                 are
                 of
                 Opinion
                 it
                 's
                 call'd
                 Chersonesus
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 being
                 like
                 to
                 an
                 Istmus
                 ,
                 or
                 as
                 others
                 write
                 ,
                 from
                 one
                 Chersonesus
                 ,
                 once
                 a
                 Petty
                 Prince
                 there
                 .
                 Not
                 long
                 after
                 whose
                 time
                 (
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 )
                 Five
                 of
                 the
                 Curetes
                 came
                 there
                 ;
                 which
                 Curetes
                 were
                 the
                 Posterity
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 brought
                 up
                 Jupiter
                 (
                 born
                 of
                 the
                 Mother
                 Goddess
                 Rhea
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 Mountains
                 of
                 Ida
                 in
                 Crete
                 .
                 After
                 their
                 arrival
                 in
                 Crete
                 (
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Navy
                 )
                 they
                 expell'd
                 the
                 Cares
                 ,
                 the
                 ancient
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 the
                 Country
                 into
                 Five
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 them
                 after
                 their
                 own
                 Names
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 Inachus
                 King
                 of
                 Argos
                 ,
                 sent
                 Cyrnus
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Noblemen
                 and
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 to
                 find
                 out
                 his
                 Daughter
                 Io
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 return
                 till
                 he
                 found
                 her
                 .
                 After
                 he
                 had
                 rov'd
                 about
                 into
                 several
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 could
                 not
                 find
                 her
                 ,
                 he
                 at
                 length
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Caria
                 in
                 Chersonesus
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 settled
                 himself
                 ,
                 despairing
                 ever
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 ;
                 and
                 afterwards
                 partly
                 by
                 Force
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 by
                 Perswasions
                 ,
                 he
                 reign'd
                 as
                 King
                 over
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 it
                 Cyrnus
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 ;
                 and
                 govern'd
                 so
                 well
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 advancement
                 of
                 the
                 publick
                 Good
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 greatly
                 belov'd
                 and
                 honour'd
                 by
                 the
                 Citizens
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 Triopas
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Sol
                 and
                 Rhoda
                 ,
                 fled
                 into
                 Chersonesus
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Killing
                 of
                 his
                 Brother
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 cleared
                 and
                 acquitted
                 by
                 King
                 Melisseus
                 ,
                 he
                 sayl'd
                 into
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 
                 Deucalion's
                 Sons
                 ,
                 and
                 helpt
                 to
                 expel
                 the
                 Pelasgians
                 thence
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 divided
                 the
                 Country
                 call'd
                 Dotion
                 among
                 them
                 .
                 He
                 there
                 cut
                 down
                 the
                 Grove
                 of
                 Ceres
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 it
                 for
                 the
                 Building
                 of
                 himself
                 a
                 Palace
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 hated
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fly
                 out
                 of
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 and
                 sayl'd
                 away
                 with
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Followers
                 to
                 Cnidia
                 ;
                 where
                 he
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 call'd
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 Triopium
                 .
                 Leaving
                 this
                 Place
                 ,
                 he
                 gain'd
                 Chersonesus
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 Caria
                 adjoining
                 to
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 Writers
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 the
                 Poets
                 ,
                 much
                 differ
                 about
                 the
                 Descent
                 of
                 Priopas
                 .
                 Some
                 derive
                 his
                 Descent
                 from
                 Canace
                 (
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Aeolus
                 )
                 and
                 Neptune
                 ,
                 others
                 say
                 ,
                 his
                 Parents
                 were
                 Lapitha
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Apollo
                 ,
                 and
                 Stibes
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Pineus
                 .
                 In
                 Castabus
                 in
                 Chersonesus
                 ,
                 there
                 's
                 a
                 Temple
                 dedicated
                 to
                 Hemithea
                 ;
                 what
                 is
                 remarkable
                 concerning
                 her
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 omitted
                 .
                 Although
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 various
                 Stories
                 related
                 of
                 her
                 ,
                 yet
                 we
                 shall
                 only
                 give
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 what
                 is
                 generally
                 granted
                 and
                 agreed
                 upon
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 to
                 be
                 true
                 .
              
               
               
                 Staphylus
                 and
                 Chrysothemides
                 had
                 Three
                 Daughters
                 ,
                 
                   Molpadia
                   ,
                   Rhoeo
                
                 and
                 
                   Parthenos
                   .
                   Rhoeo
                
                 was
                 got
                 with
                 Child
                 by
                 Apollo
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 her
                 Father
                 was
                 so
                 incens'd
                 ,
                 thinking
                 she
                 had
                 play'd
                 the
                 Whore
                 with
                 some
                 Mortal
                 Man
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 lockt
                 her
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 Chest
                 ,
                 and
                 threw
                 her
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Chest
                 was
                 afterwards
                 cast
                 up
                 upon
                 the
                 Island
                 Delos
                 ,
                 where
                 she
                 was
                 deliver'd
                 of
                 a
                 Son
                 ,
                 whom
                 she
                 nam'd
                 Arrius
                 .
                 Being
                 thus
                 wonderfully
                 preserv'd
                 ,
                 she
                 laid
                 the
                 Child
                 upon
                 the
                 Altar
                 of
                 Apollo
                 ,
                 and
                 pray'd
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 Child's
                 Father
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 save
                 and
                 defend
                 the
                 Infant
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Story
                 goes
                 ,
                 that
                 Apollo
                 hid
                 the
                 Child
                 ;
                 but
                 afterwards
                 took
                 care
                 to
                 have
                 him
                 carefully
                 brought
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 endued
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 Prophetick
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 advanc'd
                 him
                 to
                 great
                 Honour
                 and
                 Reputation
                 .
              
               
                 Molpadia
                 and
                 Parthenos
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 Sisters
                 ,
                 having
                 the
                 Charge
                 of
                 their
                 Father's
                 Wine
                 (
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 which
                 was
                 then
                 but
                 newly
                 found
                 out
                 )
                 with
                 Drinking
                 too
                 much
                 ,
                 fell
                 fast
                 asleep
                 ;
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 a
                 Sow
                 which
                 they
                 fed
                 ,
                 coming
                 into
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 threw
                 down
                 the
                 Hogshead
                 and
                 spilt
                 all
                 the
                 Wine
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 poor
                 Ladies
                 perceiv'd
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 they
                 so
                 dreaded
                 the
                 Severity
                 of
                 their
                 Father
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 and
                 threw
                 themselves
                 headlong
                 from
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 a
                 high
                 Rock
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 :
                 But
                 Apollo
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 their
                 Sister
                 ,
                 took
                 them
                 up
                 safe
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 them
                 to
                 some
                 Cities
                 in
                 Chersonesus
                 .
                 Where
                 Parthenos
                 at
                 Bubastus
                 was
                 ador'd
                 as
                 a
                 Goddess
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 a
                 Temple
                 erected
                 in
                 honour
                 to
                 her
                 .
              
               
                 Molpadia
                 was
                 brought
                 to
                 Castabus
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 special
                 Revelations
                 she
                 had
                 from
                 the
                 God
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 call'd
                 †
                 Hemithea
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 in
                 great
                 honour
                 and
                 esteem
                 among
                 all
                 the
                 Chersonesians
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Celebration
                 of
                 her
                 Mysteries
                 ,
                 (
                 in
                 remembrance
                 of
                 the
                 Misfortune
                 concerning
                 the
                 Wine
                 )
                 they
                 offer
                 Drink-Offerings
                 of
                 Water
                 and
                 Honey
                 mixt
                 together
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 that
                 has
                 toucht
                 a
                 Swine
                 ,
                 or
                 eaten
                 of
                 Swines-Flesh
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 permitted
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 her
                 Temple
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Temple
                 of
                 Hemithea
                 ,
                 in
                 following
                 times
                 grew
                 so
                 Famous
                 ,
                 that
                 not
                 only
                 
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ador'd
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 Strangers
                 far
                 and
                 near
                 resorted
                 to
                 it
                 with
                 great
                 Devotion
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 many
                 rich
                 Presents
                 and
                 magnificent
                 Sacrifices
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 most
                 observable
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 very
                 Persians
                 themselves
                 when
                 they
                 destroy'd
                 all
                 other
                 Temples
                 throughout
                 all
                 Greece
                 ,
                 only
                 spar'd
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Hemithea
                 .
                 Thieves
                 and
                 Robbers
                 likewise
                 that
                 spoyl
                 and
                 waste
                 all
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 have
                 still
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 spar'd
                 this
                 Temple
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 stand
                 open
                 and
                 naked
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 a
                 Wall
                 to
                 secure
                 it
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Cause
                 of
                 the
                 flourishing
                 Condition
                 of
                 this
                 Place
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 great
                 Kindness
                 of
                 this
                 Goddess
                 to
                 all
                 Men
                 whatsoever
                 ;
                 for
                 she
                 appears
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 sick
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 Sleep
                 ,
                 and
                 directs
                 them
                 to
                 proper
                 Remedies
                 for
                 the
                 recovery
                 of
                 their
                 Health
                 ;
                 sach
                 as
                 are
                 in
                 desperate
                 Distempers
                 ,
                 and
                 resort
                 thither
                 ,
                 she
                 perfectly
                 cures
                 and
                 restores
                 .
                 Women
                 likewise
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 hard
                 Labour
                 ,
                 she
                 safely
                 delivers
                 ,
                 and
                 frees
                 from
                 the
                 pains
                 and
                 hazards
                 of
                 Child-bearing
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 that
                 Temple
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 ancient
                 Relicts
                 and
                 Donations
                 safely
                 kept
                 and
                 preserv'd
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 ,
                 not
                 by
                 Guards
                 or
                 Walls
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 by
                 the
                 Religious
                 Devotion
                 observed
                 in
                 this
                 Place
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 let
                 this
                 suffice
                 concerning
                 Rhodes
                 and
                 Chersonesus
                 ;
                 it
                 remains
                 we
                 should
                 now
                 treat
                 of
                 Crete
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 IV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   Crete
                   :
                   
                     The
                     First
                     Inhabitants
                     .
                     Of
                     the
                  
                   Idaei
                   Dactyli
                   :
                   Of
                   Jupiter
                   ,
                   Saturn
                   ,
                   Hyperion
                   ,
                   Prometheus
                   ,
                   Mnemosyne
                   ,
                   Themis
                   ,
                   Ceres
                   ,
                   Neptune
                   ,
                   Pallas
                   .
                   Jupiter
                   '
                   
                     s
                     Race
                     ;
                     as
                     the
                     Muses
                     ,
                  
                   Vulcan
                   ,
                   Mars
                   ,
                   
                     &c.
                     
                     Of
                     the
                     ancient
                  
                   Hercules
                   ,
                   Britomartis
                   ,
                   Pluto
                   .
                   Rhadamanthus
                   '
                   
                     s
                     Justice
                     .
                     Of
                  
                   Lesbos
                   .
                   Deucalion
                   '
                   
                     s
                     Flood
                     .
                     Of
                     the
                     Blessed
                     Islands
                     .
                     Of
                  
                   Tenedos
                   ,
                   
                     and
                     the
                  
                   Cyclades
                   .
                
              
               
                 THE
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Crete
                 affirm
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 most
                 ancient
                 People
                 of
                 Crete
                 are
                 the
                 Eteocretes
                 ,
                 whose
                 King
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 call
                 Creta
                 ,
                 found
                 out
                 many
                 very
                 useful
                 things
                 ,
                 conducing
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 support
                 and
                 comfort
                 of
                 Man's
                 Life
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 ,
                 likewise
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 were
                 born
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 for
                 their
                 Benefits
                 conferr'd
                 upon
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 were
                 eternally
                 honour'd
                 as
                 Deities
                 .
                 Of
                 which
                 things
                 we
                 shall
                 here
                 distinctly
                 treat
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 us
                 by
                 the
                 most
                 approv'd
                 Authors
                 that
                 have
                 writ
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 Crete
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 first
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Crete
                 (
                 of
                 whom
                 there
                 's
                 any
                 remembrance
                 )
                 were
                 the
                 
                   Idaei
                   Dactyli
                
                 ,
                 in
                 Mount
                 Ida
                 :
                 Some
                 say
                 there
                 were
                 a
                 Hundred
                 others
                 ,
                 but
                 Ten
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Dactyli
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Ten
                 Fingers
                 on
                 Mens
                 Hands
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 affirm
                 ,
                 and
                 amongst
                 those
                 Ephorus
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Idaei
                   Dactyli
                
                 had
                 their
                 Original
                 from
                 Mount
                 Ida
                 in
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 and
                 pass'd
                 over
                 with
                 Minos
                 into
                 Europe
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 Conjurers
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 themselves
                 to
                 Inchantments
                 ,
                 and
                 Sacred
                 Rites
                 and
                 Mysteries
                 ;
                 and
                 abiding
                 in
                 Samothracia
                 ,
                 greatly
                 amus'd
                 and
                 astonish'd
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 time
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 Orpheus
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 naturally
                 of
                 a
                 prompt
                 Wit
                 to
                 Musick
                 and
                 Poetry
                 )
                 was
                 their
                 Scholar
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 brought
                 over
                 the
                 Rites
                 and
                 Ceremonies
                 of
                 their
                 Mysteries
                 into
                 Greece
                 .
                 The
                 Dactyli
                 moreover
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 said
                 )
                 found
                 out
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Fire
                 ;
                 and
                 discover'd
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 Iron
                 and
                 Brass
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Antisapterians
                 ,
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Berecynthus
                 ,
                 and
                 taught
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 working
                 of
                 it
                 :
                 And
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 discoverers
                 of
                 many
                 things
                 of
                 great
                 use
                 and
                 advantage
                 to
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 ador'd
                 and
                 worship'd
                 as
                 Gods
                 :
                 One
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 was
                 call'd
                 Hercules
                 ;
                 a
                 Person
                 he
                 was
                 of
                 great
                 Renown
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 that
                 instituted
                 the
                 Olympick
                 Games
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 thought
                 by
                 Posterity
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 appointed
                 by
                 Hercules
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Alcmena
                 ,
                 led
                 into
                 that
                 Error
                 by
                 the
                 Identity
                 of
                 Names
                 .
              
               
                 An
                 Evidence
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 remains
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 the
                 Women
                 chant
                 the
                 Songs
                 formerly
                 sung
                 by
                 this
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 wear
                 about
                 them
                 certain
                 Amulets
                 ,
                 in
                 imitation
                 of
                 him
                 who
                 was
                 a
                 Magician
                 ,
                 and
                 taught
                 sacred
                 Rites
                 and
                 Ceremonies
                 :
                 All
                 which
                 were
                 different
                 from
                 the
                 Manners
                 of
                 Hercules
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Alemena
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 
                   Idaei
                   Dactyli
                
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 there
                 were
                 Nine
                 Curetes
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 are
                 feign'd
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Offspring
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 descend
                 from
                 the
                 
                   Idaei
                   Dactyli
                
                 .
                 They
                 dwelt
                 in
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 shade
                 of
                 thick
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 
                 Caves
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Places
                 that
                 naturally
                 afforded
                 them
                 a
                 shelter
                 and
                 covering
                 ,
                 the
                 building
                 of
                 Houses
                 not
                 being
                 then
                 found
                 out
                 .
                 They
                 were
                 very
                 Ingenious
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 invented
                 many
                 things
                 very
                 useful
                 and
                 profitable
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 taught
                 how
                 to
                 manage
                 Flocks
                 of
                 Sheep
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 tame
                 and
                 bring
                 up
                 other
                 Cattel
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 to
                 gather
                 Honey
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 shew'd
                 how
                 to
                 cast
                 Darts
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Hunt
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 order'd
                 Men
                 into
                 Societies
                 and
                 Communities
                 ,
                 and
                 sociably
                 eating
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 Men
                 into
                 a
                 peaceable
                 and
                 orderly
                 Course
                 of
                 Life
                 :
                 They
                 invented
                 likewise
                 Swords
                 and
                 Helmets
                 ,
                 and
                 dancing
                 in
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 great
                 noise
                 they
                 made
                 ,
                 deceiv'd
                 Saturn
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 them
                 Jupiter
                 (
                 whom
                 his
                 Mother
                 Rhea
                 ,
                 to
                 hide
                 him
                 from
                 her
                 Father
                 Saturn
                 committed
                 to
                 their
                 Care
                 )
                 was
                 secur'd
                 and
                 brought
                 up
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 willing
                 to
                 treat
                 of
                 this
                 more
                 particularly
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 go
                 a
                 little
                 higher
                 with
                 ou●
                 Relation
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Cretians
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Titans
                 were
                 contemporary
                 with
                 the
                 Curetes
                 :
                 They
                 dwelt
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Gnosians
                 ,
                 where
                 now
                 may
                 be
                 seen
                 the
                 ancient
                 Foundations
                 and
                 Courts
                 of
                 the
                 House
                 where
                 Rhaea
                 inhabited
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 old
                 Sacred
                 Grove
                 
                 of
                 Cyprus
                 Trees
                 .
                 They
                 were
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 Six
                 Men
                 and
                 Five
                 Women
                 ,
                 the
                 Issue
                 of
                 ‖
                 Vranus
                 and
                 Terra
                 ,
                 as
                 some
                 affirm
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 others
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 Offspring
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Curetes
                 and
                 Titaea
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 Titans
                 after
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 their
                 Mother
                 .
                 The
                 Sons
                 were
                 call'd
                 *
                 
                   Cronus
                   ,
                   Hyperion
                   ,
                   Coeus
                   ,
                   Japetus
                   ,
                   Crius
                
                 and
                 Oceanus
                 ;
                 the
                 Sisters
                 were
                 
                   Rhea
                   ,
                   Themis
                   ,
                   Mnemosyne
                   ,
                   Phaebe
                
                 and
                 Thetis
                 ;
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 whom
                 were
                 the
                 Inventers
                 of
                 something
                 useful
                 and
                 profitable
                 to
                 Man's
                 well-being
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 a
                 Reward
                 of
                 their
                 Deserts
                 ,
                 are
                 by
                 all
                 Men
                 honour'd
                 with
                 an
                 everlasting
                 Remembrance
                 .
              
               
                 Saturn
                 the
                 Eldest
                 ,
                 obtained
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 reduc'd
                 his
                 Subjects
                 from
                 a
                 wild
                 and
                 barbarous
                 ,
                 to
                 a
                 more
                 civil
                 Course
                 
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 both
                 as
                 to
                 Food
                 and
                 Manners
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 gain'd
                 much
                 Honour
                 and
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 into
                 many
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 perswaded
                 all
                 wherever
                 he
                 came
                 ,
                 to
                 Justice
                 and
                 Integrity
                 of
                 Heart
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 it
                 's
                 brought
                 down
                 as
                 a
                 certain
                 Truth
                 to
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 times
                 of
                 Saturn
                 ,
                 Men
                 were
                 plain
                 and
                 honest
                 ,
                 free
                 from
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 wicked
                 Designs
                 or
                 Practices
                 ;
                 yea
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 then
                 happy
                 and
                 blessed
                 .
                 He
                 chiefly
                 reign'd
                 over
                 the
                 Western
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 advanc'd
                 to
                 the
                 highest
                 Pinacle
                 of
                 Honour
                 and
                 Renown
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 of
                 later
                 Times
                 ,
                 both
                 the
                 Romans
                 and
                 Carthaginians
                 (
                 while
                 their
                 City
                 stood
                 )
                 and
                 other
                 Neighbouring
                 Nations
                 ,
                 ador'd
                 this
                 God
                 with
                 magnificent
                 and
                 splendid
                 Festivals
                 and
                 Sacrifices
                 ;
                 and
                 many
                 Places
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 are
                 call'd
                 after
                 his
                 Name
                 :
                 And
                 because
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 the
                 Laws
                 were
                 strictly
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 no
                 act
                 of
                 Injustice
                 was
                 committed
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 submitting
                 to
                 his
                 Authority
                 ,
                 liv'd
                 happily
                 ,
                 and
                 injoy'd
                 Pleasure
                 and
                 Content
                 without
                 any
                 Molestation
                 ;
                 which
                 is
                 attested
                 by
                 the
                 Poet
                 Hesiod
                 ,
                 in
                 these
                 Verses
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   :
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Whilst
                   Saturn
                   reign'd
                   ,
                   those
                   then
                   his
                   Subjects
                   were
                   ,
                
                 
                   Who
                   liv'd
                   the
                   lives
                   of
                   Gods
                   without
                   all
                   care
                   ;
                
                 
                   Who
                   Sorrow
                   ,
                   Labour
                   ,
                   nor
                   Old
                   Age
                   opprest
                   ,
                
                 
                   But
                   soundness
                   both
                   in
                   Hands
                   and
                   Feet
                   them
                   blest
                   ;
                
                 
                   With
                   joyful
                   Vigour
                   to
                   their
                   Feasts
                   they
                   went
                   ,
                
                 
                   Free
                   from
                   all
                   Ills
                   ,
                   their
                   Deaths
                   did
                   represent
                
                 
                   Sound
                   Sleep
                   ;
                   to
                   them
                   flow'd
                   down
                   what
                   e're
                   was
                   good
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   without
                   Toyl
                   ,
                   the
                   Earth
                   did
                   yield
                   them
                   Food
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   from
                   her
                   Fruitful
                   Womb
                   did
                   them
                   afford
                
                 
                   Her
                   Fruits
                   most
                   freely
                   of
                   her
                   own
                   accord
                   .
                
                 
                   Rich
                   in
                   their
                   Flocks
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   the
                   Gods
                   most
                   dear
                   ,
                
                 
                   During
                   this
                   Reign
                   ,
                   these
                   happy
                   People
                   were
                   .
                
              
               
                 And
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 things
                 they
                 reported
                 of
                 Saturn
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 Hyperion
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Industry
                 found
                 
                 out
                 the
                 Motions
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 and
                 Moon
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Stars
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Seasons
                 and
                 Distinctions
                 of
                 Time
                 measur'd
                 out
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 imparted
                 his
                 Knowledge
                 to
                 others
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 he
                 was
                 call'd
                 the
                 Father
                 of
                 those
                 Planets
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 that
                 first
                 taught
                 the
                 Knowledge
                 and
                 nature
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Latona
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Coeus
                 and
                 Phebe
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Prometheus
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Japetus
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 as
                 some
                 feign
                 )
                 stole
                 Fire
                 from
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 bestow'd
                 
                 it
                 upon
                 Men.
                 
              
               
               
                 But
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 the
                 Story
                 is
                 ,
                 he
                 found
                 out
                 the
                 way
                 how
                 to
                 strike
                 Fire
                 out
                 of
                 Flint
                 or
                 Stone
                 .
                 Mnemosyne
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 found
                 out
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Logick
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 
                 proper
                 Names
                 to
                 every
                 thing
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 ,
                 whatever
                 is
                 discours'd
                 of
                 ,
                 might
                 be
                 distinctly
                 known
                 and
                 understood
                 :
                 But
                 some
                 attribute
                 this
                 to
                 Mercury
                 .
                 They
                 ascribe
                 likewise
                 to
                 this
                 Goddess
                 every
                 thing
                 conducing
                 to
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 Man's
                 Memory
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 she
                 has
                 her
                 *
                 Name
                 .
              
               
                 Themis
                 taught
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Divination
                 ,
                 and
                 instructed
                 Men
                 in
                 Holy
                 Rites
                 ,
                 and
                 prescrib'd
                 Laws
                 for
                 the
                 Service
                 and
                 Worship
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 preservation
                 of
                 Peace
                 and
                 good
                 Government
                 amongst
                 Men
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 we
                 call
                 those
                 that
                 keep
                 and
                 take
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Laws
                 both
                 of
                 Gods
                 and
                 Men
                 ,
                 Thesmophylacae
                 ,
                 and
                 Thesmothetae
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 Apollo
                 himself
                 is
                 to
                 give
                 his
                 Answer
                 at
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 we
                 say
                 ,
                 †
                 Themisteum
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 practiz'd
                 Divination
                 .
                 These
                 Gods
                 therefore
                 having
                 thus
                 greatly
                 benefited
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 were
                 not
                 only
                 ador'd
                 with
                 Divine
                 Honours
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 accounted
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 after
                 their
                 Deaths
                 were
                 translated
                 to
                 *
                 Heaven
                 .
                 
                   Vesta
                   ,
                   Ceres
                   ,
                   Juno
                   ,
                   Jupiter
                   ,
                   Neptune
                
                 and
                 Pluto
                 ,
                 are
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Children
                 of
                 Saturn
                 and
                 Rhea
                 .
              
               
                 Vesta
                 invented
                 the
                 Building
                 of
                 Houses
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 this
                 account
                 almost
                 every
                 
                 Body
                 sets
                 up
                 her
                 Statue
                 in
                 their
                 Houses
                 ,
                 and
                 adore
                 her
                 with
                 Divine
                 Honours
                 .
              
               
                 Ceres
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 discover'd
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Bread-Corn
                 ,
                 finding
                 it
                 by
                 chance
                 
                 growing
                 of
                 it self
                 amongst
                 other
                 Plants
                 and
                 Herbs
                 ;
                 and
                 taught
                 the
                 way
                 of
                 Housing
                 and
                 Baking
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 to
                 sow
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 she
                 found
                 out
                 Corn
                 before
                 Proserpina
                 was
                 born
                 ;
                 after
                 whose
                 Birth
                 and
                 Rape
                 by
                 Pluto
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 so
                 incens'd
                 at
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 such
                 grief
                 for
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 her
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 set
                 all
                 the
                 Corn
                 on
                 Fire
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 she
                 had
                 found
                 out
                 Proserpina
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 reconciled
                 to
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 Seed-Corn
                 to
                 Triptolemus
                 ,
                 with
                 order
                 to
                 impart
                 it
                 to
                 all
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 teach
                 them
                 how
                 to
                 order
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 say
                 ,
                 she
                 made
                 Laws
                 ,
                 to
                 direct
                 Men
                 to
                 deal
                 justly
                 and
                 truly
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 hence
                 she
                 was
                 call'd
                 Thesmophoron
                 :
                 For
                 these
                 great
                 Advantages
                 to
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 likewise
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 ;
                 and
                 not
                 only
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 almost
                 every
                 where
                 ,
                 that
                 partook
                 of
                 these
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 ador'd
                 and
                 worship'd
                 her
                 with
                 Solemn
                 and
                 Magnificent
                 Festivals
                 and
                 Sacrifices
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 many
                 Controversies
                 and
                 Differences
                 concerning
                 the
                 first
                 finding
                 out
                 of
                 this
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 for
                 some
                 say
                 ,
                 this
                 Goddess
                 first
                 saw
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 taught
                 the
                 nature
                 and
                 use
                 of
                 it
                 before
                 any
                 other
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 Isis
                 and
                 Ceres
                 were
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Person
                 ,
                 who
                 first
                 brought
                 Seed-Corn
                 into
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 watering
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 and
                 washing
                 the
                 Country
                 at
                 proper
                 Seasons
                 ,
                 much
                 advancing
                 thereby
                 the
                 growth
                 and
                 increase
                 thereof
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 although
                 Corn
                 was
                 first
                 found
                 out
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 was
                 transported
                 from
                 other
                 Places
                 into
                 Attica
                 .
                 The
                 Place
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 first
                 seen
                 ,
                 they
                 call
                 Eleusina
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 Seed-Corn
                 was
                 first
                 brought
                 thither
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Sicilians
                 likewise
                 who
                 inhabit
                 the
                 ‖
                 Island
                 ,
                 specially
                 dedicated
                 to
                 Ceres
                 and
                 Proserpina
                 ,
                 say
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 most
                 reasonable
                 to
                 conclude
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 great
                 Gift
                 was
                 first
                 bestow'd
                 upon
                 them
                 who
                 till'd
                 and
                 improv'd
                 that
                 Country
                 which
                 was
                 most
                 belov'd
                 of
                 this
                 Goddess
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 's
                 a
                 most
                 unreasonable
                 thing
                 this
                 Place
                 should
                 be
                 reported
                 the
                 richest
                 Island
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 to
                 judge
                 it
                 the
                 last
                 in
                 sharing
                 of
                 this
                 great
                 Blessing
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 no
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Fertility
                 ,
                 especially
                 when
                 Ceres
                 resided
                 there
                 her self
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 agree
                 that
                 Proserpina
                 was
                 ravish'd
                 in
                 this
                 Place
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 this
                 Island
                 is
                 a
                 Country
                 most
                 proper
                 for
                 Corn
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Poet
                 testifies
                 .
                 
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Within
                   this
                   Island
                   all
                   things
                   grow
                   ,
                   
                
                 
                   Without
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   Seed
                   or
                   Plow
                   ,
                
                 
                   As
                   Wheat
                   and
                   Barley
                   —
                
                 
                   Of
                   Ceres
                   therefore
                   thus
                   they
                   say
                
                 
                   In
                   Stories
                   of
                   her
                   —
                
              
               
               
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 Deities
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 Neptune
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 us'd
                 Navigation
                 ,
                 and
                 rigg'd
                 out
                 a
                 Navy
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 appointed
                 Admiral
                 by
                 Saturn
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 common
                 Tradition
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 Sea-Affairs
                 were
                 under
                 his
                 Rule
                 and
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 Mariners
                 worship
                 him
                 with
                 Solemn
                 Sacrifices
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 moreover
                 ,
                 that
                 Neptune
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 manag'd
                 Horses
                 ,
                 and
                 taught
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Horsemanship
                 ,
                 whence
                 he
                 was
                 call'd
                 *
                 Hippius
                 .
              
               
                 Pluto
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 first
                 shew'd
                 the
                 way
                 of
                 Sepulchres
                 and
                 Pompous
                 Funerals
                 ,
                 
                 whereas
                 before
                 no
                 regard
                 was
                 had
                 to
                 any
                 of
                 these
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 reason
                 he
                 was
                 accounted
                 Lord
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 ,
                 and
                 Prince
                 of
                 the
                 Infernal
                 †
                 Shades
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 many
                 differing
                 Opinions
                 concerning
                 the
                 Genealogy
                 and
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 of
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 that
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Saturn
                 ,
                 he
                 succeeded
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 not
                 advanc'd
                 to
                 that
                 dignity
                 by
                 a
                 forceable
                 Expulsion
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 a
                 just
                 and
                 lawful
                 Succession
                 .
                 Others
                 report
                 ,
                 that
                 Saturn
                 being
                 forewarned
                 by
                 the
                 Oracle
                 concerning
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Son
                 of
                 his
                 to
                 be
                 afterwards
                 born
                 ,
                 would
                 oust
                 him
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 by
                 force
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 his
                 Children
                 one
                 after
                 another
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 born
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 Rhea
                 was
                 so
                 griev'd
                 (
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 work
                 upon
                 her
                 Husband
                 's
                 obstinate
                 Humour
                 )
                 that
                 she
                 forthwith
                 upon
                 his
                 Birth
                 hid
                 Jupiter
                 in
                 Ida
                 ,
                 recommending
                 his
                 Education
                 to
                 the
                 Care
                 of
                 the
                 Curetes
                 ,
                 who
                 inhabited
                 that
                 Mountain
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 they
                 again
                 lodg'd
                 him
                 in
                 a
                 Cave
                 ,
                 and
                 intrusted
                 him
                 with
                 the
                 Nymphs
                 ,
                 intreating
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 careful
                 of
                 him
                 ;
                 who
                 fed
                 him
                 with
                 Milk
                 and
                 Hony
                 mixt
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 his
                 better
                 nourishment
                 suckled
                 him
                 at
                 the
                 Paps
                 of
                 a
                 Goat
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Amalthaea
                 :
                 For
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 Tokens
                 of
                 his
                 Birth
                 and
                 Education
                 in
                 this
                 *
                 Island
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 young
                 Infant
                 ,
                 and
                 carried
                 away
                 by
                 the
                 Curetes
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Navel
                 String
                 fell
                 from
                 him
                 at
                 the
                 River
                 Triton
                 ,
                 whence
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 sacred
                 to
                 this
                 God
                 ,
                 is
                 call'd
                 †
                 Omphalium
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Region
                 adjoyning
                 ,
                 Omphaleus
                 .
                 In
                 Ida
                 likewise
                 ,
                 where
                 this
                 Goddess
                 was
                 educated
                 ,
                 the
                 Cave
                 wherein
                 he
                 was
                 hid
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 consecrated
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Ports
                 near
                 to
                 that
                 Promontory
                 are
                 under
                 his
                 Guard
                 and
                 Protection
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 here
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 omitted
                 a
                 wonderful
                 Story
                 that
                 's
                 related
                 concerning
                 the
                 Bees
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 God
                 to
                 preserve
                 an
                 eternal
                 Memory
                 of
                 his
                 familiarity
                 with
                 the
                 Bees
                 ,
                 chang'd
                 their
                 colour
                 into
                 that
                 of
                 Brass
                 or
                 Copper
                 ,
                 washt
                 over
                 with
                 Gold
                 :
                 And
                 whereas
                 the
                 Place
                 is
                 exceeding
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 subject
                 to
                 stormy
                 Winds
                 ,
                 and
                 us'd
                 to
                 be
                 cover'd
                 over
                 with
                 depths
                 of
                 Snow
                 ,
                 he
                 fortify'd
                 the
                 Bees
                 with
                 an
                 Impassibility
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 feed
                 and
                 gather
                 Honey
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 stormy
                 and
                 coldest
                 Places
                 .
              
               
                 Amongst
                 other
                 Honours
                 attributed
                 to
                 the
                 Goat
                 that
                 gave
                 him
                 suck
                 ,
                 he
                 bestow'd
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 himself
                 from
                 her
                 ,
                 assum'd
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 ‖
                 Aegiochus
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 was
                 grown
                 up
                 to
                 Man's
                 Estate
                 ,
                 he
                 first
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 at
                 Dicta
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 born
                 ,
                 the
                 Ruins
                 whereof
                 are
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 at
                 this
                 Day
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 God
                 excell'd
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 Valour
                 ,
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 Justice
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Virtues
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 after
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 reign
                 ,
                 he
                 conferr'd
                 many
                 and
                 great
                 Benefits
                 upon
                 Mankind
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 instructed
                 Men
                 how
                 to
                 punish
                 Injuries
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 deal
                 justly
                 and
                 honestly
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 to
                 forbear
                 Force
                 and
                 Violence
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 their
                 Differences
                 and
                 Controversies
                 orderly
                 before
                 Tribunals
                 and
                 Courts
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 there
                 to
                 be
                 ended
                 and
                 decided
                 .
                 In
                 sum
                 ,
                 he
                 did
                 whatsoever
                 was
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 good
                 Laws
                 ,
                 and
                 Preservation
                 of
                 Peace
                 among
                 Men
                 ;
                 stirring
                 up
                 the
                 Good
                 by
                 wholsom
                 Advice
                 to
                 their
                 Duty
                 ,
                 and
                 restraining
                 the
                 Bad
                 through
                 fear
                 of
                 severe
                 and
                 due
                 Punishment
                 
                 for
                 their
                 Offences
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 reported
                 ,
                 he
                 travell'd
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 ,
                 putting
                 to
                 Death
                 Thieves
                 ,
                 Robbers
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Impious
                 Persons
                 ,
                 establishing
                 Commonwealths
                 and
                 Democracies
                 in
                 every
                 Place
                 wherever
                 he
                 came
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 that
                 time
                 he
                 slew
                 several
                 Giants
                 with
                 their
                 Adherents
                 ,
                 as
                 Mytinus
                 in
                 Crete
                 ,
                 and
                 Typhon
                 in
                 Phrygia
                 .
              
               
                 Before
                 the
                 Battel
                 with
                 the
                 Giants
                 in
                 Crete
                 ,
                 upon
                 
                 Jupiter's
                 sacrificing
                 of
                 Oxen
                 to
                 †
                 
                   Sol
                   ,
                   Coelus
                
                 and
                 Terra
                 ,
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 Intrals
                 appear'd
                 evident
                 Signs
                 of
                 what
                 was
                 decreed
                 by
                 the
                 Gods
                 :
                 Their
                 Victory
                 especially
                 was
                 portended
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 defection
                 of
                 some
                 from
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 prov'd
                 in
                 the
                 issue
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ;
                 for
                 Musaeus
                 fled
                 and
                 revolted
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 .
              
               
               
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 all
                 that
                 fought
                 with
                 the
                 Gods
                 were
                 every
                 one
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 was
                 afterwards
                 ingag'd
                 in
                 a
                 new
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Giants
                 at
                 Pallene
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 and
                 anciently
                 in
                 the
                 Plains
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Phlegraei
                 ,
                 from
                 
                 the
                 Conflagration
                 the
                 Country
                 once
                 suffer'd
                 ,
                 but
                 now
                 call'd
                 *
                 Cumaei
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 reason
                 why
                 Jupiter
                 destroy'd
                 the
                 Giants
                 ,
                 was
                 their
                 Violence
                 and
                 Oppression
                 ,
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 their
                 strength
                 and
                 massy
                 Bodies
                 to
                 inflave
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 lawless
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 kept
                 within
                 any
                 bounds
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 who
                 for
                 their
                 doing
                 good
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 beneficial
                 to
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 were
                 reputed
                 for
                 Gods
                 by
                 all
                 People
                 whatsoever
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 rooted
                 up
                 the
                 Wicked
                 and
                 Impious
                 ,
                 but
                 rewarded
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 Heroes
                 and
                 Men
                 ,
                 with
                 due
                 Honours
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Deserts
                 .
                 The
                 great
                 Authority
                 therefore
                 and
                 good
                 Deeds
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 were
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 to
                 him
                 was
                 attributed
                 an
                 eternal
                 Habitation
                 and
                 Kingdom
                 in
                 †
                 Olympus
                 .
                 And
                 more
                 splendid
                 Sacrifices
                 by
                 his
                 Command
                 are
                 offered
                 to
                 him
                 than
                 to
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 Gods
                 ;
                 and
                 since
                 his
                 passing
                 from
                 Earth
                 to
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 a
                 strong
                 Perswasion
                 is
                 sixt
                 in
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 he
                 was
                 kind
                 unto
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 has
                 the
                 Command
                 and
                 Government
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 's
                 done
                 in
                 Heaven
                 ;
                 and
                 is
                 supream
                 Lord
                 of
                 Storms
                 ,
                 Thunder
                 and
                 Lightning
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 they
                 call
                 him
                 *
                 Zena
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Preserver
                 of
                 Mens
                 lives
                 ,
                 by
                 affording
                 fruitful
                 Seasons
                 to
                 ripen
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
                 They
                 call
                 him
                 likewise
                 Father
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 〈…〉
                 e
                 and
                 Kindness
                 to
                 all
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 for
                 that
                 it
                 's
                 generally
                 believ'd
                 all
                 Men
                 were
                 originally
                 his
                 Offspring
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 's
                 call'd
                 likewise
                 the
                 Supream
                 King
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Majesty
                 and
                 Excellency
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 and
                 moreover
                 †
                 Eubuleus
                 and
                 †
                 Metietes
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Prudence
                 in
                 Counsel
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 also
                 ,
                 that
                 Minerva
                 was
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 born
                 in
                 Crete
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Spring-heads
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Triton
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 she
                 was
                 call'd
                 *
                 Tritogenea
                 ;
                 and
                 now
                 at
                 this
                 Day
                 there
                 stands
                 a
                 little
                 Chappel
                 dedicated
                 to
                 this
                 Goddess
                 at
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 she
                 's
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 born
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 likewise
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Marriage
                 of
                 Juno
                 and
                 Jupiter
                 was
                 solemniz'd
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 †
                 Gnosians
                 ,
                 near
                 the
                 River
                 Therone
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 's
                 now
                 a
                 Temple
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Priests
                 offer
                 an
                 anniversary
                 Sacrifice
                 and
                 Festival
                 with
                 great
                 Devotion
                 ,
                 imitating
                 the
                 Nuptial
                 Rites
                 according
                 as
                 by
                 Tradition
                 they
                 have
                 receiv'd
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Daughters
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 were
                 the
                 Goddesses
                 ,
                 Venus
                 ,
                 the
                 Graces
                 ,
                 Lucina
                 and
                 her
                 Servant
                 Diana
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 those
                 call'd
                 Horae
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 *
                 
                   Eunomia
                   ,
                   Dica
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Irene
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Gods
                 he
                 begot
                 ;
                 were
                 
                   Vulcan
                   ,
                   Mars
                   ,
                   Apollo
                
                 and
                 Mercury
                 :
                 To
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 Jupiter
                 imparted
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 things
                 invented
                 and
                 perfected
                 by
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 attributed
                 the
                 honour
                 of
                 the
                 Invention
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 desirous
                 to
                 perpetuate
                 their
                 Memories
                 ,
                 and
                 advance
                 their
                 Reputation
                 and
                 eternal
                 Praise
                 amongst
                 all
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 To
                 Venus
                 he
                 committed
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 mature
                 Age
                 of
                 Virgins
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 
                 they
                 ought
                 to
                 Marry
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 oversight
                 of
                 other
                 things
                 us'd
                 at
                 Nuptials
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 Sacrifices
                 and
                 Drink-offerings
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 solemnly
                 offer'd
                 to
                 this
                 Goddess
                 ;
                 but
                 all
                 first
                 Sacrifice
                 to
                 Jupiter
                 the
                 Perfector
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Juno
                 the
                 Perfectris
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 the
                 Authors
                 and
                 Inventors
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 we
                 have
                 
                 declar'd
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 the
                 Graces
                 was
                 given
                 power
                 to
                 beautify
                 the
                 Face
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 Comely
                 
                 Shape
                 and
                 Proportion
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Members
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 do
                 good
                 where-ever
                 they
                 pleas'd
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 cause
                 the
                 Persons
                 to
                 be
                 grateful
                 and
                 thankful
                 for
                 what
                 they
                 receiv'd
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 Lucina
                 he
                 committed
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 Travel
                 and
                 Child-bearing
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 easing
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 Pains
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 Women
                 in
                 these
                 hazards
                 chiefly
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 call'd
                 upon
                 her
                 for
                 help
                 and
                 assistance
                 .
              
               
                 Diana
                 shew'd
                 the
                 way
                 how
                 to
                 nurse
                 up
                 little
                 Infants
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 provide
                 Food
                 for
                 
                 them
                 suitable
                 to
                 their
                 tender
                 Age
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 account
                 she
                 was
                 call'd
                 the
                 Childrens
                 Nurse
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Horae
                 ,
                 is
                 allotted
                 an
                 Office
                 agreeable
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 
                 Names
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 advantage
                 of
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 their
                 Lives
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 greater
                 blessedness
                 in
                 this
                 Life
                 ,
                 than
                 †
                 Good
                 Laws
                 ,
                 ‖
                 Peace
                 and
                 *
                 Justice
                 .
              
               
               
                 To
                 Minerva
                 he
                 committed
                 the
                 Care
                 of
                 Olive-Yards
                 ,
                 and
                 planting
                 of
                 Olive-Trees
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 extracting
                 of
                 Oyl
                 .
                 For
                 before
                 the
                 Birth
                 of
                 this
                 Goddess
                 ,
                 this
                 Tree
                 grew
                 wild
                 ,
                 disregarded
                 among
                 other
                 Trees
                 of
                 the
                 Wood.
                 But
                 the
                 use
                 and
                 culture
                 of
                 them
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 now
                 practis'd
                 )
                 was
                 not
                 then
                 known
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 making
                 of
                 Garments
                 likewise
                 and
                 Architecture
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Arts
                 was
                 discover'd
                 to
                 Men
                 by
                 this
                 Goddess
                 :
                 She
                 invented
                 Pipes
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 Wind
                 Musick
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 ingenious
                 Tools
                 and
                 Instruments
                 for
                 Handicrafts
                 ;
                 whence
                 she
                 was
                 call'd
                 *
                 Ergana
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 the
                 Muses
                 ,
                 their
                 Father
                 allotted
                 the
                 Invention
                 of
                 Letters
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Composing
                 of
                 Verses
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Poetry
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 who
                 attribute
                 the
                 Invention
                 of
                 Letters
                 to
                 the
                 Syrians
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 the
                 Phaenicians
                 learnt
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 communicated
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Grecians
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 along
                 with
                 Cadmus
                 into
                 Europe
                 ;
                 whence
                 the
                 Grecians
                 call'd
                 them
                 Phaenician
                 Letters
                 .
                 To
                 these
                 that
                 hold
                 this
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Phaenicians
                 were
                 not
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 found
                 out
                 Letters
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 chang'd
                 the
                 Form
                 and
                 Shape
                 of
                 them
                 into
                 other
                 Characters
                 ,
                 which
                 many
                 afterwards
                 using
                 ,
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Phaenician
                 grew
                 to
                 be
                 common
                 .
              
               
                 Vulcan
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 found
                 out
                 the
                 working
                 of
                 Iron
                 ,
                 Brass
                 ,
                 Silver
                 and
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 all
                 other
                 Metals
                 that
                 require
                 forging
                 by
                 Fire
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 general
                 use
                 of
                 Fire
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 cases
                 ,
                 was
                 found
                 out
                 by
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 discover'd
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 Artificers
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 all
                 other
                 Men
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 all
                 the
                 Masters
                 of
                 these
                 Arts
                 ,
                 pay
                 their
                 Devotions
                 ,
                 and
                 offer
                 their
                 Sacrifices
                 chiefly
                 to
                 this
                 God
                 ;
                 and
                 both
                 they
                 and
                 all
                 others
                 ,
                 call
                 Fire
                 Vulcan
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 this
                 great
                 Good
                 bestow'd
                 upon
                 all
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 might
                 be
                 for
                 ever
                 remembred
                 ,
                 to
                 his
                 eternal
                 Honour
                 and
                 Praise
                 .
              
               
                 Mars
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 first
                 taught
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 to
                 
                 furnish
                 Soldiers
                 both
                 with
                 offensive
                 and
                 defensive
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 fight
                 with
                 Courage
                 and
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 destroying
                 all
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 Enemies
                 to
                 the
                 Gods.
                 
              
               
                 To
                 Apollo
                 is
                 attributed
                 the
                 invention
                 of
                 the
                 Harp
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 sort
                 of
                 Musick
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 he
                 discover'd
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Physick
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 practis'd
                 by
                 Revelation
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 Sick
                 heretofore
                 were
                 commonly
                 restor'd
                 to
                 Health
                 :
                 He
                 found
                 out
                 likewise
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 Bow
                 ,
                 and
                 taught
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 to
                 shoot
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Cretians
                 delight
                 much
                 in
                 Shooting
                 ,
                 and
                 call
                 the
                 Bow
                 Scythicus
                 .
              
               
                 Aesculapius
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Apollo
                 and
                 Coronides
                 ;
                 he
                 was
                 instructed
                 by
                 his
                 Father
                 
                 in
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Physick
                 ,
                 and
                 found
                 out
                 Chirurgery
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 making
                 up
                 of
                 Medicines
                 ,
                 the
                 Vertues
                 of
                 Roots
                 and
                 Plants
                 ,
                 and
                 improv'd
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 in
                 his
                 Art
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 reputed
                 the
                 first
                 Founder
                 and
                 Author
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 Physitians
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 Mercury
                 they
                 attribute
                 the
                 Invention
                 of
                 Messages
                 in
                 Times
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 by
                 
                 Trumpets
                 and
                 Heralds
                 ,
                 of
                 Truces
                 and
                 Leagues
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 a
                 Sign
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 sent
                 to
                 treat
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 they
                 carry'd
                 a
                 †
                 Rod
                 before
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 were
                 suffered
                 safely
                 to
                 come
                 and
                 go
                 .
                 Hence
                 they
                 were
                 call'd
                 the
                 Common
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 because
                 both
                 sides
                 injoy'd
                 the
                 equal
                 benefit
                 of
                 a
                 Peace
                 after
                 a
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 They
                 say
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 invented
                 Weights
                 and
                 Measures
                 ,
                 and
                 getting
                 of
                 Wealth
                 by
                 Merchandize
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 way
                 of
                 Cheating
                 and
                 Cozening
                 of
                 others
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 accounted
                 the
                 Herald
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 best
                 Messenger
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 quick
                 and
                 ingenious
                 in
                 declaring
                 particularly
                 every
                 thing
                 he
                 had
                 in
                 Command
                 .
                 Whence
                 he
                 was
                 call'd
                 *
                 Hermes
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 was
                 not
                 the
                 Inventer
                 of
                 Names
                 and
                 Words
                 ,
                 as
                 some
                 say
                 ,
                 but
                 excell'd
                 in
                 clear
                 and
                 eloquent
                 Expression
                 ,
                 and
                 delivery
                 of
                 his
                 Message
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 likewise
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 the
                 Games
                 of
                 Wrestling
                 ,
                 and
                 invented
                 the
                 Harp
                 made
                 of
                 a
                 Tortois
                 Shell
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Contest
                 between
                 Apollo
                 and
                 Marsyas
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 Apollo
                 was
                 Victor
                 ,
                 and
                 reveng'd
                 himself
                 of
                 his
                 Adversary
                 ,
                 to
                 a
                 greater
                 degree
                 than
                 was
                 fit
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 afterwards
                 so
                 griev'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 he
                 broke
                 the
                 Strings
                 of
                 his
                 Harp
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 forbore
                 to
                 play
                 upon
                 that
                 Instrument
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Cretians
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 Bacchus
                 found
                 out
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 Vine
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 manner
                 
                 of
                 planting
                 and
                 pruning
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 Wine
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 way
                 of
                 laying
                 up
                 the
                 Summer
                 Fruits
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 they
                 were
                 preserv'd
                 for
                 Mens
                 use
                 and
                 sustenance
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 .
              
               
               
                 It
                 's
                 further
                 reported
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 God
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 and
                 Proserpina
                 ,
                 and
                 born
                 in
                 Crete
                 ;
                 and
                 Orpheus
                 in
                 his
                 Sacred
                 Rites
                 and
                 Mysteries
                 ,
                 says
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 torn
                 in
                 pieces
                 by
                 the
                 Titans
                 :
                 But
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 of
                 this
                 Name
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 have
                 more
                 largely
                 and
                 particularly
                 given
                 an
                 account
                 already
                 ;
                 but
                 of
                 this
                 Dionysius
                 or
                 Bacchus
                 his
                 being
                 born
                 in
                 Crete
                 ,
                 they
                 endeavour
                 to
                 shew
                 evident
                 Signs
                 ,
                 as
                 Arguments
                 to
                 prove
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 Two
                 Islands
                 form'd
                 by
                 him
                 ,
                 near
                 Crete
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Double
                   Gulfs
                
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 Islands
                 he
                 gave
                 the
                 denomination
                 of
                 Dionysiadae
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 never
                 did
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 one
                 of
                 that
                 Name
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 
                 born
                 many
                 Years
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 begotten
                 of
                 Alcmena
                 in
                 Argos
                 ;
                 but
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 this
                 Hercules
                 is
                 uncertain
                 :
                 Only
                 this
                 is
                 certain
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 Man
                 comparable
                 to
                 him
                 for
                 Strength
                 ;
                 that
                 he
                 travell'd
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 ,
                 inflicting
                 just
                 and
                 deserv'd
                 Punishment
                 upon
                 the
                 Wicked
                 ,
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 that
                 infested
                 the
                 Countries
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 them
                 desolate
                 :
                 That
                 he
                 delivered
                 Men
                 every
                 where
                 out
                 of
                 Bondage
                 and
                 Slavery
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 yet
                 he
                 himself
                 (
                 notwithstanding
                 so
                 many
                 hazards
                 and
                 difficulties
                 )
                 was
                 never
                 worsted
                 ,
                 remaining
                 still
                 unconquerable
                 and
                 invulnerable
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 renown'd
                 Actions
                 ,
                 he
                 is
                 by
                 all
                 Men
                 ador'd
                 with
                 eternal
                 Honours
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Alcmena
                 was
                 much
                 later
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 like
                 unto
                 this
                 ancient
                 Hercules
                 in
                 his
                 noble
                 Acts
                 ,
                 he
                 likewise
                 attain'd
                 immortal
                 Glory
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 after
                 Ages
                 (
                 being
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Name
                 )
                 
                 was
                 accounted
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 same
                 Person
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 ignorance
                 of
                 the
                 Vulgar
                 )
                 the
                 Deeds
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 were
                 ascrib'd
                 to
                 the
                 later
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Praise
                 and
                 Renown
                 of
                 this
                 elder
                 God
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 famous
                 Actions
                 ,
                 continues
                 in
                 Egypt
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 Britomartis
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 call'd
                 Dictynna
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 was
                 born
                 in
                 Caenon
                 in
                 Crete
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 was
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 begotten
                 on
                 Carmes
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Eubulus
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Ceres
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 ;
                 she
                 invented
                 the
                 Hunters
                 Toyls
                 and
                 Nets
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 was
                 call'd
                 †
                 Dictynna
                 :
                 She
                 was
                 very
                 familiar
                 with
                 Diana
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 it
                 was
                 thought
                 by
                 some
                 ,
                 that
                 Dictynna
                 and
                 Diana
                 were
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Person
                 ,
                 which
                 Goddess
                 is
                 ador'd
                 and
                 honour'd
                 in
                 Crete
                 both
                 with
                 Temples
                 and
                 Sacrifices
                 .
                 Those
                 are
                 very
                 much
                 mistaken
                 ,
                 who
                 say
                 that
                 Dictynna
                 was
                 so
                 call'd
                 ,
                 from
                 her
                 flying
                 and
                 hiding
                 her self
                 in
                 the
                 Fishers
                 Nets
                 to
                 avoid
                 Minos
                 ,
                 who
                 would
                 have
                 forc'd
                 and
                 ravish'd
                 her
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 's
                 not
                 reasonable
                 to
                 imagine
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Goddess
                 (
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Supream
                 God
                 )
                 should
                 be
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 so
                 low
                 a
                 Condition
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 stand
                 in
                 need
                 of
                 Humane
                 help
                 ;
                 nor
                 is
                 it
                 just
                 to
                 imagine
                 ,
                 that
                 Minos
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 general
                 Consent
                 of
                 all
                 )
                 was
                 reputed
                 a
                 righteous
                 and
                 upright
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 liv'd
                 a
                 good
                 Life
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 guilty
                 of
                 such
                 an
                 horrid
                 Impiety
                 ,
                 and
                 grand
                 piece
                 of
                 Wickedness
                 .
              
               
                 Pluto
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Jasion
                 and
                 Ceres
                 ,
                 and
                 born
                 in
                 Tripolus
                 in
                 Crete
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 of
                 his
                 Descent
                 there
                 's
                 a
                 double
                 Relation
                 in
                 History
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 some
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 Jasion
                 so
                 improv'd
                 and
                 cultivated
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 brought
                 forth
                 Fruit
                 in
                 that
                 abundance
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 that
                 saw
                 it
                 ,
                 impos'd
                 upon
                 it
                 a
                 Name
                 proper
                 to
                 the
                 abundance
                 of
                 the
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 it
                 *
                 Pluto
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 Posterity
                 afterwards
                 us'd
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   who
                   had
                   more
                   than
                   enough
                   had
                
                 Pluto
                 .
              
               
                 Others
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 Jasion
                 and
                 Ceres
                 had
                 a
                 Son
                 nam'd
                 Pluto
                 ,
                 who
                 first
                 taught
                 Men
                 a
                 more
                 orderly
                 and
                 careful
                 way
                 of
                 Living
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 to
                 gain
                 and
                 treasure
                 up
                 Wealth
                 .
                 Whereas
                 a
                 provident
                 Care
                 of
                 getting
                 and
                 keeping
                 of
                 Estates
                 ,
                 was
                 altogether
                 neglected
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 things
                 which
                 the
                 Cretians
                 say
                 of
                 those
                 Gods
                 which
                 they
                 pretend
                 were
                 born
                 among
                 them
                 .
                 Moreover
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 Worshipping
                 and
                 Sacrificing
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Rites
                 and
                 sacred
                 Mysteries
                 came
                 from
                 them
                 to
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 bring
                 in
                 this
                 as
                 a
                 most
                 certain
                 and
                 undeniable
                 Argument
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 suppose
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 Rites
                 and
                 Initiations
                 practis'd
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 in
                 Elusina
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 almost
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 in
                 Samothracia
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Thracia
                 among
                 the
                 Cidonians
                 (
                 of
                 all
                 which
                 Orpheus
                 was
                 the
                 Institutor
                 )
                 are
                 celebrated
                 darkly
                 and
                 Mystically
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 Crete
                 at
                 Gnosus
                 (
                 by
                 an
                 ancient
                 Law
                 )
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 sacred
                 Mysteries
                 are
                 celebrated
                 plainly
                 and
                 openly
                 ,
                 and
                 whatever
                 is
                 done
                 in
                 secret
                 by
                 others
                 ,
                 none
                 amongst
                 them
                 conceals
                 from
                 any
                 that
                 have
                 a
                 desire
                 to
                 know
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 went
                 out
                 from
                 Crete
                 ,
                 and
                 travell'd
                 through
                 many
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 Benefactors
                 to
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 communicated
                 to
                 them
                 the
                 Benefit
                 
                 and
                 Advantage
                 of
                 such
                 things
                 as
                 they
                 themselves
                 had
                 found
                 out
                 and
                 invented
                 .
                 For
                 Ceres
                 sail'd
                 into
                 Attica
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 into
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 into
                 Egypt
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 Places
                 ,
                 after
                 she
                 had
                 deliver'd
                 them
                 Corn
                 ,
                 and
                 taught
                 them
                 how
                 to
                 sow
                 it
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 amongst
                 them
                 :
                 So
                 Venus
                 dwelt
                 near
                 Eryx
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 Cythera
                 ,
                 at
                 Paphus
                 in
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Syria
                 in
                 Asia
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 she
                 was
                 often
                 seen
                 ,
                 and
                 continu'd
                 long
                 among
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 these
                 Places
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 call'd
                 
                   Venus
                   Erycina
                   ,
                   Cytherea
                   ,
                   Paphya
                
                 and
                 
                   Syria
                   .
                   Apollo
                
                 likewise
                 continu'd
                 long
                 in
                 
                   Delos
                   ,
                   Lycia
                
                 and
                 Delphos
                 ;
                 and
                 Diana
                 in
                 
                   Ephesus
                   ,
                   Pontus
                   ,
                   Persia
                
                 and
                 Crete
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 from
                 the
                 Places
                 and
                 things
                 done
                 there
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 Apollo
                 was
                 call'd
                 
                   Apollo
                   Delius
                   ,
                   Lycius
                
                 and
                 Pythius
                 ;
                 and
                 she
                 was
                 stiled
                 
                   Diana
                   Ephesia
                
                 of
                 
                   Cresia
                   ,
                   Tauropolia
                
                 and
                 Persia
                 ;
                 although
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 born
                 in
                 Crete
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Goddess
                 Diana
                 is
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 by
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Mysteries
                 and
                 Sacrifices
                 that
                 are
                 celebrated
                 and
                 offered
                 to
                 her
                 by
                 others
                 ,
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 themselves
                 at
                 this
                 very
                 day
                 ,
                 celebrate
                 in
                 honour
                 of
                 
                   Diana
                   Persia
                
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 purpose
                 they
                 give
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 which
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 easie
                 for
                 the
                 Reader
                 to
                 understand
                 ,
                 so
                 they
                 are
                 too
                 tedious
                 for
                 us
                 to
                 recite
                 .
              
               
                 Moreover
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 Ages
                 after
                 the
                 Birth
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 Heroes
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 the
                 most
                 Eminent
                 were
                 Minos
                 and
                 Rhadamanthus
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 the
                 Progeny
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 and
                 Europa
                 (
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Agenor
                 )
                 whom
                 they
                 report
                 by
                 the
                 Providence
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 carried
                 over
                 into
                 Crete
                 upon
                 the
                 Back
                 of
                 a
                 Bull.
                 Minos
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 Elder
                 ,
                 obtain'd
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 many
                 Cities
                 ;
                 amongst
                 which
                 ,
                 Three
                 were
                 most
                 Famous
                 ;
                 Gnosius
                 ,
                 situated
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 that
                 look'd
                 towards
                 
                   Asia
                   ;
                   Phaetus
                
                 ,
                 lying
                 Southward
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ;
                 and
                 Cidonia
                 situated
                 in
                 the
                 Western
                 Part
                 over
                 against
                 Peloponesus
                 .
                 Many
                 Laws
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 were
                 made
                 by
                 him
                 for
                 
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 Cretians
                 ,
                 receiving
                 them
                 from
                 Jupiter
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 who
                 us'd
                 to
                 converse
                 with
                 him
                 privately
                 in
                 a
                 Cave
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 conquer'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Islands
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 that
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Dominion
                 of
                 the
                 Seas
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 arriv'd
                 to
                 a
                 high
                 pitch
                 of
                 Glory
                 and
                 Honour
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 Justice
                 and
                 Valour
                 ,
                 he
                 dy'd
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 in
                 undertaking
                 a
                 War
                 against
                 Cocalus
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 given
                 a
                 particular
                 Narrative
                 ,
                 when
                 we
                 treated
                 of
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Daedalus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 this
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 Rhadamanthus
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 Just
                 Man
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 for
                 in
                 executing
                 
                 of
                 Justice
                 upon
                 Thieves
                 ,
                 Robbers
                 and
                 other
                 Impious
                 and
                 Wicked
                 Persons
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 inexorable
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 report
                 likewise
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 gain'd
                 several
                 Islands
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Maritime
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 all
                 voluntarily
                 submitting
                 to
                 him
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 eminent
                 Justice
                 .
                 He
                 gave
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 to
                 Erythro
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Sons
                 ,
                 who
                 call'd
                 themselves
                 Erythri
                 ,
                 from
                 him
                 .
                 To
                 Oenopion
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Minos
                 and
                 Ariadna
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 he
                 allotted
                 Chius
                 :
                 Others
                 say
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 taught
                 how
                 to
                 make
                 Wine
                 by
                 his
                 Father
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 rewarded
                 likewise
                 each
                 of
                 his
                 Captains
                 ,
                 either
                 with
                 some
                 Island
                 or
                 City
                 :
                 Upon
                 Thoantes
                 he
                 bestow'd
                 Lemnos
                 ;
                 on
                 
                   Engyeus
                   ,
                   Cyrnus
                
                 ;
                 to
                 Pamphilus
                 he
                 gave
                 Peparathus
                 ;
                 to
                 
                   Euambeus
                   ,
                   Maronea
                
                 ;
                 to
                 
                   Alcaeus
                   ,
                   Parus
                
                 ;
                 to
                 
                   Arrion
                   ,
                   Delus
                
                 ;
                 to
                 Andreus
                 the
                 Island
                 Andros
                 ,
                 so
                 call'd
                 after
                 his
                 Name
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 remarkably
                 Just
                 ,
                 he
                 's
                 feign'd
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Judge
                 of
                 Hell
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 distinguish
                 between
                 the
                 Pious
                 and
                 Impious
                 ,
                 the
                 Good
                 and
                 the
                 Bad
                 :
                 They
                 say
                 likewise
                 that
                 Minos
                 is
                 Copartner
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 that
                 dignity
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 Uprightness
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 just
                 and
                 righteous
                 Reign
                 .
              
               
                 Sarpadon
                 ,
                 the
                 Third
                 Brother
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 past
                 over
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 possest
                 himself
                 of
                 Lycia
                 and
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Territories
                 .
                 His
                 Son
                 Evander
                 succeeded
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Lycia
                 ,
                 who
                 marrying
                 Deidamia
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Bellerophon
                 ,
                 of
                 her
                 begat
                 Sarpedon
                 ,
                 who
                 went
                 to
                 the
                 Trojan
                 War
                 with
                 Agamemnon
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 call'd
                 by
                 some
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 
                   Jupiter
                   .
                   Deucalion
                
                 and
                 Molus
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 were
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 
                   Minos
                   :
                   Deucalion
                
                 had
                 a
                 Son
                 call'd
                 Idomeneus
                 ,
                 and
                 Molus
                 another
                 nam'd
                 Merion
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 said
                 )
                 assisted
                 Agamemnon
                 against
                 Troy
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 *
                 Fourscore
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 return'd
                 and
                 dy'd
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 honourably
                 bury'd
                 and
                 ador'd
                 as
                 Gods
                 :
                 They
                 show
                 their
                 Sepulcher
                 in
                 †
                 Gnosus
                 ,
                 whereon
                 is
                 this
                 Inscription
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   Idomeneus
                   in
                   this
                   Tomb
                   doth
                   lye
                   ,
                
                 
                   Who
                   born
                   in
                   Gnosus
                   was
                   ;
                   and
                   him
                   hard
                   by
                   ,
                
                 
                   I
                   Son
                   of
                   Molus
                   rest
                   ,
                   Merion
                   call'd
                   .
                
              
               
                 These
                 Two
                 are
                 ador'd
                 as
                 Demy-Gods
                 by
                 the
                 Cretians
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 offer
                 Sacrifice
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 their
                 Wars
                 call
                 upon
                 them
                 for
                 aid
                 and
                 assistance
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 given
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 it
                 remains
                 we
                 should
                 now
                 speak
                 of
                 the
                 Nations
                 that
                 are
                 intermixt
                 with
                 the
                 Cretians
                 .
                 That
                 the
                 Aeteocretians
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 this
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 reputed
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 there
                 from
                 the
                 beginning
                 ,
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 declar'd
                 .
                 Many
                 Ages
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 Pelasgi
                 planted
                 among
                 them
                 a
                 Nation
                 inur'd
                 continually
                 to
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 wandring
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 from
                 their
                 ancient
                 Habitations
                 ,
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 where
                 they
                 landed
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Third
                 Nation
                 that
                 came
                 thither
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 were
                 the
                 Dorienses
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Conduct
                 of
                 Teutamus
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Posterity
                 of
                 Dorus.
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Colony
                 he
                 brought
                 from
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Parts
                 of
                 Olympus
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 part
                 from
                 the
                 Achaians
                 in
                 Laconia
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 Dorus
                 gather'd
                 his
                 Colony
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Parts
                 and
                 Territories
                 near
                 to
                 Malea
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Fourth
                 sort
                 of
                 People
                 that
                 pour'd
                 into
                 Crete
                 ,
                 were
                 a
                 promiscuous
                 Company
                 of
                 Barbarians
                 from
                 several
                 Parts
                 round
                 about
                 ,
                 who
                 notwithstanding
                 in
                 process
                 of
                 time
                 ,
                 spoke
                 the
                 same
                 Language
                 with
                 the
                 ancient
                 Cretians
                 ,
                 the
                 natural
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 But
                 after
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 Minos
                 and
                 Rhadamanthus
                 became
                 prevalent
                 and
                 considerable
                 ,
                 all
                 these
                 Nations
                 were
                 reduc'd
                 into
                 one
                 Body
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 People
                 throughout
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 .
                 And
                 at
                 length
                 after
                 the
                 return
                 of
                 the
                 Heraclidae
                 ,
                 the
                 Argives
                 and
                 Spartans
                 sent
                 Colonies
                 ,
                 and
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 likewise
                 of
                 other
                 Islands
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 in
                 this
                 and
                 those
                 other
                 built
                 several
                 Cities
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 shall
                 
                 treat
                 more
                 fully
                 in
                 due
                 and
                 proper
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 since
                 that
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Historians
                 of
                 the
                 Cretian
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 differ
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 wonder'd
                 at
                 if
                 we
                 do
                 not
                 agree
                 with
                 them
                 all
                 in
                 every
                 thing
                 we
                 relate
                 ;
                 for
                 we
                 follow
                 them
                 who
                 give
                 the
                 most
                 probable
                 Account
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 esteem'd
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 most
                 credit
                 .
                 For
                 sometimes
                 we
                 follow
                 Epimenides
                 the
                 Theologist
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 
                   Dosiadas
                   ,
                   Sosicrates
                
                 and
                 Leosthenidas
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 therefore
                 treated
                 thus
                 largely
                 of
                 Crete
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 apply
                 our selves
                 to
                 speak
                 of
                 Lesbos
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Island
                 was
                 anciently
                 inhabited
                 by
                 many
                 several
                 Nations
                 one
                 after
                 another
                 ,
                 
                 by
                 reason
                 it
                 was
                 so
                 often
                 left
                 and
                 forsaken
                 :
                 The
                 first
                 that
                 seis'd
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 were
                 the
                 Pelasgi
                 when
                 it
                 lay
                 desert
                 and
                 uninhabited
                 .
                 For
                 Xanthus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Triopas
                 Prince
                 of
                 the
                 Pelasgians
                 that
                 came
                 from
                 Argos
                 ,
                 seated
                 himself
                 in
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 Lycia
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 possessed
                 himself
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 reign'd
                 over
                 the
                 Pelasgians
                 that
                 came
                 thither
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 whence
                 he
                 sail'd
                 over
                 to
                 Lesbos
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 lay
                 desolate
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 the
                 Country
                 amongst
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 the
                 Island
                 Pelasgia
                 ,
                 which
                 before
                 was
                 call'd
                 Isa
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 process
                 of
                 time
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Seventh
                 Generation
                 ,
                 many
                 People
                 were
                 destroy'd
                 by
                 Deucalion's
                 Flood
                 ,
                 and
                 Lesbos
                 likewise
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 was
                 by
                 *
                 Chataracts
                 of
                 Showers
                 laid
                 waste
                 and
                 desolate
                 .
                 But
                 afterwards
                 Macarius
                 happening
                 to
                 touch
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 considering
                 
                 the
                 pleasantness
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 there
                 seated
                 himself
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Macarius
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Crinacus
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 (
                 as
                 Hesiod
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 of
                 the
                 Poets
                 say
                 )
                 and
                 dwelt
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 Olanus
                 ,
                 then
                 call'd
                 Jados
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 Achaia
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 great
                 Company
                 of
                 Ionians
                 ,
                 and
                 multitudes
                 from
                 several
                 other
                 Nations
                 flockt
                 in
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 he
                 possessed
                 himself
                 of
                 Lesbos
                 ;
                 afterwards
                 growing
                 more
                 powerful
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 richness
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 own
                 Justice
                 and
                 Humanity
                 ,
                 he
                 gain'd
                 many
                 Neighbouring
                 Islands
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 the
                 Lands
                 amongst
                 his
                 Countrymen
                 and
                 Followers
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 that
                 time
                 Lesbos
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Lapithas
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Eolus
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Hippotas
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 Direction
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 at
                 Delphos
                 )
                 arriv'd
                 in
                 this
                 Island
                 with
                 new
                 Colonies
                 ,
                 and
                 marrying
                 Methymna
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Macareus
                 ,
                 seated
                 himself
                 
                 and
                 his
                 Followers
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 injoy'd
                 an
                 equal
                 Interest
                 with
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 there
                 before
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 afterwards
                 becoming
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 Renown
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 the
                 Island
                 Lesbos
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 Lesbians
                 :
                 For
                 Macareus
                 had
                 Two
                 Daughters
                 ,
                 Mytylene
                 and
                 Methymna
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 two
                 of
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 were
                 so
                 call'd
                 .
              
               
                 Macareus
                 having
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 possess
                 himself
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Islands
                 ,
                 ordered
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Sons
                 to
                 carry
                 over
                 a
                 Colony
                 first
                 into
                 Chius
                 ;
                 afterwards
                 he
                 sent
                 another
                 into
                 Samos
                 ,
                 nam'd
                 Cycholaus
                 ,
                 who
                 seated
                 himself
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 the
                 Lands
                 by
                 Lot
                 amongst
                 those
                 of
                 his
                 Colony
                 ,
                 and
                 rul'd
                 over
                 them
                 as
                 King.
                 The
                 Third
                 Island
                 Peopl'd
                 by
                 Macareus
                 ,
                 was
                 Coos
                 ,
                 over
                 which
                 he
                 appointed
                 Neander
                 King.
                 
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 a
                 large
                 Colony
                 with
                 Leucippus
                 into
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 (
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 small
                 number
                 of
                 Inhabitants
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 among
                 them
                 )
                 willingly
                 receiv'd
                 ,
                 and
                 suffered
                 them
                 to
                 have
                 and
                 injoy
                 the
                 Lands
                 equally
                 with
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 about
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Continent
                 over
                 against
                 these
                 Islands
                 ,
                 lay
                 under
                 most
                 
                 pressing
                 and
                 grievous
                 Calamities
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 late
                 *
                 Flood
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 regard
                 all
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 by
                 the
                 Inundation
                 and
                 Excess
                 of
                 Rain
                 were
                 rotted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 together
                 ,
                 Famine
                 exceedingly
                 prevail'd
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 Corruption
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 Plague
                 and
                 Pestilence
                 depopulated
                 and
                 laid
                 the
                 Towns
                 and
                 Cities
                 waste
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Islands
                 lying
                 more
                 open
                 to
                 the
                 Winds
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 partaking
                 of
                 their
                 healthful
                 Gales
                 ,
                 were
                 loaded
                 with
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 had
                 fulness
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 happy
                 and
                 prosperous
                 State
                 and
                 Condition
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Plenty
                 that
                 was
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Islands
                   of
                   the
                   Blessed
                
                 ,
                 or
                 †
                 
                   The
                   Blessed
                   Islands
                
                 .
                 But
                 some
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 call'd
                 the
                 Macarean
                 Islands
                 ,
                 from
                 Macareas
                 and
                 Ion
                 ,
                 two
                 Sons
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Princes
                 that
                 formerly
                 rul'd
                 there
                 .
                 And
                 indeed
                 these
                 Islands
                 for
                 richness
                 of
                 Soyl
                 and
                 plenty
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 did
                 not
                 only
                 excel
                 all
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Countries
                 in
                 ancient
                 Time
                 ,
                 but
                 do
                 so
                 even
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 fertility
                 of
                 the
                 Soyl
                 ,
                 the
                 pleasantness
                 of
                 the
                 Situation
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 the
                 healthfulness
                 of
                 the
                 Climate
                 is
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 without
                 cause
                 call'd
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 really
                 and
                 in
                 truth
                 ,
                 Blessed
                 and
                 Happy
                 Islands
                 .
              
               
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 Macareus
                 King
                 of
                 Lesbos
                 ,
                 made
                 the
                 first
                 Law
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 so
                 beneficial
                 and
                 advantagious
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 gave
                 it
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 the
                 Lion
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 strength
                 and
                 force
                 of
                 that
                 Beast
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 considerable
                 time
                 after
                 this
                 Colony
                 planted
                 in
                 Lesbos
                 ,
                 another
                 was
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 Island
                 Tenedos
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 .
              
               
                 Tennes
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Cyrnus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Colone
                 in
                 Troas
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 renown'd
                 
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 ;
                 he
                 brought
                 over
                 a
                 Colony
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 opposite
                 Continent
                 ,
                 and
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 Leucophrys
                 ,
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 desolate
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 he
                 had
                 divided
                 the
                 Country
                 by
                 Lot
                 amongst
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 it
                 Tennus
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 .
                 By
                 his
                 good
                 and
                 upright
                 Government
                 he
                 gain'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 his
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 while
                 he
                 liv'd
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 his
                 Death
                 was
                 ador'd
                 as
                 a
                 Demy-God
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 built
                 a
                 Temple
                 in
                 honour
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 offered
                 Sacrifices
                 to
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 God
                 :
                 Which
                 Religious
                 Veneration
                 was
                 continu'd
                 to
                 Times
                 not
                 long
                 since
                 .
                 But
                 we
                 are
                 not
                 here
                 to
                 omit
                 what
                 the
                 Islanders
                 report
                 concerning
                 Tennes
                 ,
                 the
                 Founder
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 *
                 Tenedos
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 that
                 Cygnus
                 ,
                 the
                 Father
                 of
                 Tennes
                 ,
                 giving
                 Ear
                 to
                 the
                 false
                 Suggestions
                 and
                 Calumniations
                 of
                 his
                 Wife
                 ,
                 lockt
                 his
                 Son
                 in
                 a
                 Chest
                 ,
                 and
                 caus'd
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 thrown
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Chest
                 was
                 cast
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 Waves
                 upon
                 Tencdos
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 thus
                 strangely
                 preserv'd
                 by
                 the
                 special
                 Providence
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 became
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 growing
                 renown'd
                 for
                 his
                 Justice
                 and
                 other
                 eminent
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 at
                 length
                 honour'd
                 and
                 ador'd
                 as
                 a
                 God.
                 And
                 because
                 his
                 Stepmother
                 hir'd
                 a
                 †
                 Piper
                 by
                 a
                 false
                 Oath
                 to
                 support
                 her
                 own
                 Calumny
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 a
                 Law
                 amongst
                 them
                 of
                 Tenedos
                 ,
                 That
                 no
                 Piper
                 shall
                 come
                 into
                 the
                 Temple
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 when
                 Tennes
                 ,
                 was
                 kill'd
                 by
                 Achilles
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Trojan
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 Tenedos
                 then
                 laid
                 wast
                 by
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 the
                 Tenedeans
                 ,
                 made
                 another
                 Law
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 lawful
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 once
                 to
                 name
                 Achilles
                 in
                 Tennes
                 his
                 Temple
                 .
                 These
                 are
                 the
                 things
                 related
                 of
                 Tenedos
                 and
                 it's
                 ancient
                 Inhabitanas
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 now
                 given
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 considerable
                 Islands
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 proceed
                 in
                 the
                 next
                 place
                 to
                 the
                 lesser
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Cyclade
                 Islands
                 were
                 Formerly
                 desolate
                 and
                 uninhabited
                 :
                 But
                 Minos
                 the
                 
                 Son
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 and
                 Europa
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Crete
                 ,
                 having
                 a
                 strong
                 Army
                 at
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 powerful
                 Navy
                 ,
                 Master
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 sent
                 many
                 Colonies
                 out
                 of
                 Crete
                 ,
                 and
                 Peopled
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Islands
                 of
                 the
                 Cyclades
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 the
                 Lands
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 by
                 Lot
                 ,
                 and
                 subdu'd
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 of
                 Asia
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Sea-Ports
                 and
                 Havens
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Islands
                 ,
                 have
                 the
                 same
                 Names
                 with
                 those
                 in
                 Crete
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 call'd
                 
                   Minoi
                   .
                   Minos
                
                 being
                 now
                 grown
                 great
                 and
                 powerful
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 envy
                 his
                 Brother
                 Rhadamanthus
                 his
                 Copartner
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 honour
                 and
                 reputation
                 he
                 had
                 gain'd
                 by
                 his
                 Justice
                 .
                 Willing
                 therefore
                 to
                 remove
                 him
                 as
                 far
                 from
                 him
                 as
                 possibly
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 him
                 into
                 the
                 furthest
                 parts
                 of
                 his
                 Dominions
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 Rhadamanthus
                 abiding
                 in
                 the
                 Islands
                 over
                 against
                 Ionia
                 and
                 Caria
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 Erythrus
                 to
                 build
                 a
                 City
                 in
                 Asia
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Oenopion
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Ariadna
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Minos
                 ,
                 Lord
                 of
                 Chius
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 things
                 were
                 all
                 done
                 before
                 the
                 Trojan
                 War
                 :
                 But
                 after
                 the
                 destruction
                 of
                 Troy
                 ,
                 the
                 Cares
                 grown
                 rich
                 and
                 wealthy
                 ,
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Dominion
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 subdu'd
                 the
                 Cyclades
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 took
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 hands
                 ,
                 and
                 rooted
                 out
                 the
                 Cretians
                 ;
                 others
                 they
                 injoy'd
                 in
                 Common
                 with
                 the
                 ancient
                 Cretian
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 process
                 of
                 time
                 the
                 Grecians
                 growing
                 strong
                 and
                 powerful
                 ,
                 the
                 barbarous
                 Carians
                 were
                 ejected
                 out
                 of
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Cyclades
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Islands
                 fell
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 .
                 Of
                 which
                 we
                 shall
                 give
                 a
                 more
                 particular
                 Account
                 hereafter
                 in
                 proper
                 Time
                 and
                 Place
                 .
              
               
                 
                   D.
                   G.
                   
                
                 The
                 following
                 Books
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   VI
                   ,
                   VII
                   ,
                   VIII
                   ,
                   IX
                   ,
                   X
                   ,
                
                 are
                 lost
                 .
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               THE
               Last
               Ten
               Books
               OF
               THE
               HISTORICAL
               LIBRARY
               OF
               
                 Diodorus
                 the
                 Sicilian
                 ,
                 CONTAINING
              
               ,
               The
               Affairs
               of
               the
               WORLD
               for
               the
               space
               of
               179
               Years
               ,
               from
               the
               Expedition
               of
               Xerxes
               into
               Greece
               ,
               to
               Seleucus
               his
               coming
               into
               Cappadocia
               with
               his
               Army
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               Confederate
               Princes
               into
               other
               Parts
               against
               Antigonus
               ,
               in
               the
               3
               d
               Year
               of
               the
               119
               th
               Olympiad
               .
            
             
               
                 Together
                 with
              
               The
               Fragments
               of
               PHOTIUS
               his
               BIBLIOTHECA
               ,
               and
               others
               ,
               Published
               by
               
                 L.
                 Rhodomannus
              
               .
            
             
               AND
               The
               Fragments
               Published
               by
               
                 H.
                 Valesius
              
               ,
               and
               by
               
                 F.
                 Vrsinus
              
               .
            
             
               WITH
               A
               SUPPLEMENT
               .
            
             
               Made
               English
               ,
               By
               
                 GEORGE
                 BOOTH
              
               ,
               of
               Chester
               ,
               Esq
               ;
            
             
               LONDON
               ,
               Printed
               by
               
                 Edw.
                 Jones
              
               ,
               for
               A.
               and
               
                 J.
                 Churchill
              
               at
               the
               Black-Swan
               in
               Pater-Noster-Row
               :
               1700.
               
            
          
           
             
             
               
                 
                   ANTIENT
                   SICELE
                   ACCORDING
                   TO
                   THE
                   Description
                   of
                   
                     Philip
                     Cluuerius
                  
                
                 
              
            
             
             
             
             
          
        
         
           
             
             
               THE
               Historical
               Library
               OF
               
                 Diodorus
                 the
                 Sicilian
              
               .
               BOOK
               XI
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 PREFACE
                 .
              
               
                 
                   THE
                   Book
                   next
                   before
                   this
                   ,
                   being
                   the
                   Tenth
                   in
                   the
                   whole
                   Composure
                   of
                   our
                   History
                   ,
                   ends
                   with
                   things
                   done
                   in
                   the
                   Tear
                   immediately
                   before
                   the
                   Descent
                   of
                
                 Xerxes
                 into
                 Europe
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   with
                   those
                   Debates
                   in
                   the
                   General
                   Assemblies
                   of
                   the
                
                 Grecians
                 at
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 
                   concerning
                   the
                   admission
                   of
                
                 Gelo
                 
                   into
                   the
                
                 Grecian
                 Confederacy
                 .
              
               
                 
                   In
                   this
                   to
                   proceed
                   (
                   as
                   things
                   were
                   done
                   )
                   in
                   a
                   continued
                   Series
                   of
                   the
                   History
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   begin
                   with
                
                 Xerxes
                 '
                 
                   s
                   Expedition
                   into
                
                 Greece
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   end
                   the
                   Year
                   immediately
                   before
                   the
                   Army
                   of
                   the
                
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 under
                 Cymon
                 
                   their
                   General
                   ,
                   invaded
                
                 Cyprus
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   Xerxes
                   his
                   Expedition
                   into
                   Greece
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Battel
                   of
                   Thermopyle
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Sea
                   Fight
                   at
                   Salamis
                   .
                
              
               
                 CAllias
                 being
                 Archon
                 or
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 
                   Athens
                   ,
                   Spurius
                   Cassius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Proclus
                   Virginius
                   Tricostus
                
                 ,
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Seventy
                 Fifth
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 celebrated
                 at
                 Elis
                 ,
                 (
                 in
                 which
                 *
                 Asylus
                 the
                 Syracusian
                 
                 was
                 Victor
                 )
                 Xerxes
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 reason
                 after
                 mention'd
                 )
                 rais'd
                 an
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
                 †
                 Mardonius
                 the
                 Persian
                 was
                 Cousin
                 German
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Marriage
                 likewise
                 nearly
                 related
                 to
                 Xerxes
                 ,
                 of
                 great
                 esteem
                 among
                 the
                 Persians
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 and
                 Prudence
                 .
                 This
                 Man
                 prompted
                 forward
                 by
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 his
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 his
                 Youth
                 ,
                 burned
                 with
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 General
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 Army
                 as
                 that
                 Expedition
                 requir'd
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 persuaded
                 Xerxes
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 bend
                 all
                 his
                 power
                 to
                 subdue
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 those
                 implacable
                 Enemies
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
              
               
                 Being
                 brought
                 over
                 to
                 close
                 with
                 this
                 Advice
                 ,
                 he
                 determin'd
                 utterly
                 to
                 destroy
                 and
                 root
                 them
                 up
                 :
                 And
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 sent
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 to
                 treat
                 with
                 them
                 concerning
                 the
                 joining
                 of
                 their
                 Forces
                 together
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 it
                 was
                 thus
                 
                 agreed
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 That
                 Xerxes
                 should
                 Land
                 his
                 Forces
                 in
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 should
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 invade
                 the
                 Greeks
                 in
                 Italy
                 and
                 Sicily
                 .
              
               
                 According
                 to
                 which
                 Compact
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 raised
                 a
                 great
                 sum
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 hired
                 many
                 Soldiers
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 of
                 Liguria
                 in
                 Italy
                 *
                 Gallia
                 and
                 †
                 Iberia
                 ;
                 and
                 raised
                 Men
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 throughout
                 all
                 Lybia
                 ,
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 Carthage
                 it-self
                 .
                 In
                 which
                 preparations
                 were
                 spent
                 Three
                 Years
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 were
                 mustered
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Ships
                 fitted
                 out
                 .
              
               
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 part
                 Xerxes
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 Industry
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 (
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Emulation
                 )
                 as
                 far
                 exceeded
                 them
                 in
                 Warlike
                 Preparations
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 did
                 in
                 Dominion
                 and
                 Empire
                 .
                 He
                 commanded
                 Ships
                 to
                 be
                 built
                 every
                 where
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 within
                 his
                 Dominions
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   Phaenicia
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 through
                 
                   Cilicia
                   ,
                   Pamphilia
                   ,
                   Pisidia
                   ,
                   Licia
                   ,
                   Caria
                   ,
                   Misia
                   ,
                   Troas
                   ,
                
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Hellespont
                   ,
                   Pontus
                
                 and
                 Bithynia
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Three
                 Years
                 time
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 had
                 done
                 )
                 set
                 forth
                 above
                 Twelve
                 Hundred
                 *
                 Gallies
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 better
                 accomplished
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 the
                 Preparations
                 of
                 those
                 great
                 Forces
                 rais'd
                 by
                 Darius
                 his
                 Father
                 in
                 his
                 Life
                 time
                 .
                 For
                 
                   Datis
                   ,
                   Darius
                
                 his
                 General
                 ,
                 being
                 not
                 long
                 before
                 overcome
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 in
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 
                   Marathon
                   ,
                   Darius
                
                 ever
                 afterwards
                 bore
                 an
                 implacable
                 hatred
                 against
                 them
                 :
                 But
                 just
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 ready
                 to
                 pass
                 over
                 into
                 Greece
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 prevented
                 by
                 Death
                 .
              
               
                 Xerxes
                 ,
                 therefore
                 incourag'd
                 both
                 by
                 his
                 Father's
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Advice
                 of
                 Mardonius
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 before
                 related
                 )
                 resolved
                 to
                 invade
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 all
                 things
                 were
                 prepared
                 ,
                 he
                 commanded
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 his
                 Navy
                 to
                 randezvouze
                 his
                 Fleet
                 as
                 *
                 Cyme
                 ,
                 and
                 Phocea
                 .
                 
                 And
                 he
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 Horse
                 and
                 Foot
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 out
                 of
                 every
                 Province
                 of
                 his
                 Dominion
                 ,
                 marched
                 from
                 Susa
                 ;
                 and
                 advancing
                 to
                 Sardis
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 sent
                 Heralds
                 ,
                 
                 into
                 Greece
                 ,
                 commanding
                 them
                 to
                 go
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 and
                 demand
                 in
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 *
                 Earth
                 and
                 Water
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 dividing
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 part
                 he
                 sent
                 (
                 sufficient
                 as
                 was
                 conceiv'd
                 )
                 to
                 make
                 †
                 a
                 Bridge
                 over
                 the
                 Hell●spant
                 ,
                 and
                 another
                 part
                 to
                 cut
                 a
                 Way
                 through
                 the
                 Mountain
                 *
                 Athos
                 ,
                 both
                 judging
                 it
                 safe
                 for
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 have
                 so
                 short
                 a
                 Cut
                 for
                 their
                 March
                 ,
                 and
                 hoping
                 likewise
                 by
                 such
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 Work
                 upon
                 the
                 first
                 Attempt
                 ,
                 to
                 strike
                 a
                 Terror
                 into
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
                 They
                 therefore
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 ,
                 having
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 Hands
                 at
                 work
                 ,
                 speedily
                 dispatcht
                 the
                 Business
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Grecians
                 being
                 now
                 alarum'd
                 with
                 the
                 vast
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 sent
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 †
                 Men
                 at
                 Arms
                 into
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 to
                 possess
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 Passages
                 or
                 Posts
                 of
                 Tempe
                 .
                 The
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 was
                 Synetus
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Athenians
                   Themistocles
                
                 :
                 These
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 to
                 require
                 them
                 to
                 raise
                 Soldiers
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 Passages
                 at
                 the
                 common
                 Charge
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 made
                 it
                 their
                 Business
                 with
                 all
                 Expedition
                 to
                 interest
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 the
                 Persians
                 might
                 be
                 opposed
                 by
                 the
                 combin'd
                 Force
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 together
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 heard
                 that
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 inhabited
                 the
                 Straits
                 ,
                 had
                 submitted
                 unto
                 the
                 Kings
                 Delegates
                 or
                 Commissioners
                 ,
                 they
                 return'd
                 home
                 ,
                 despairing
                 to
                 make
                 any
                 effectual
                 Defence
                 at
                 Tempe
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 here
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 from
                 the
                 purpose
                 to
                 declare
                 what
                 part
                 of
                 Greece
                 assisted
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 that
                 (
                 deservingly
                 branding
                 them
                 with
                 disgrace
                 )
                 Traitors
                 to
                 the
                 Common
                 Liberty
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 may
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 sense
                 of
                 shame
                 and
                 Dishonour
                 be
                 deterr'd
                 from
                 the
                 like
                 practice
                 .
                 We
                 say
                 therefore
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 
                   Dolopians
                   ,
                   Aenians
                   ,
                   Milesians
                   ,
                   Perrhaebians
                   ,
                
                 and
                 *
                 Magnesians
                 ,
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ;
                 and
                 even
                 
                 while
                 the
                 Guards
                 were
                 in
                 Tempe
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Achaeans
                   ,
                   Phthiotians
                   ,
                   Locreans
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Thessalians
                 joyn'd
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 were
                 withdrawn
                 ,
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Beotians
                 ,
                 went
                 over
                 to
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 common
                 Assembly
                 at
                 the
                 Istmos
                 ,
                 decreed
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 victorious
                 ,
                 those
                 Grecians
                 that
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 sacrificed
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 every
                 Tenth
                 Man.
                 And
                 they
                 order'd
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 be
                 sent
                 to
                 such
                 as
                 at
                 present
                 stood
                 neuter
                 ,
                 to
                 stir
                 them
                 up
                 forthwith
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 Arms
                 for
                 the
                 Common
                 Liberty
                 .
              
               
               
                 Of
                 these
                 ,
                 some
                 without
                 delay
                 ,
                 heartily
                 joyn'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 common
                 Interest
                 ;
                 others
                 promis'd
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 in
                 due
                 time
                 ,
                 though
                 in
                 truth
                 by
                 delay
                 they
                 were
                 willing
                 to
                 have
                 some
                 prospect
                 of
                 the
                 Issue
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 before
                 they
                 hazarded
                 themselves
                 .
                 They
                 of
                 Argos
                 by
                 their
                 Embassadors
                 in
                 the
                 Common
                 Council
                 ,
                 declared
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 ready
                 to
                 join
                 in
                 Arms
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 might
                 have
                 some
                 share
                 of
                 the
                 supream
                 Command
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 :
                 To
                 whom
                 Answer
                 was
                 given
                 by
                 the
                 Council
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 thought
                 it
                 a
                 greater
                 Grievance
                 to
                 Fight
                 under
                 a
                 Grecian
                 General
                 for
                 the
                 Common
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 be
                 Slaves
                 to
                 a
                 Barbarian
                 ,
                 they
                 do
                 wisely
                 to
                 forbear
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 Arms
                 :
                 But
                 if
                 through
                 their
                 Ambition
                 they
                 aspire
                 to
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 it
                 were
                 just
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 first
                 signalize
                 themselves
                 by
                 such
                 noble
                 Actions
                 ,
                 as
                 might
                 justly
                 deserve
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 Honour
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Cities
                 ,
                 generally
                 gave
                 Answer
                 to
                 the
                 King's
                 Embassadors
                 (
                 that
                 went
                 through
                 Greece
                 )
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 manner
                 as
                 plainly
                 demonstrated
                 at
                 how
                 high
                 a
                 Rate
                 they
                 prized
                 the
                 common
                 Liberty
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Xerxes
                 understood
                 that
                 the
                 Bridge
                 over
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 was
                 finished
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Passage
                 made
                 through
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Athos
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 marched
                 from
                 Sardis
                 ,
                 determining
                 to
                 make
                 his
                 Way
                 to
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Abidos
                 ,
                 he
                 pass'd
                 his
                 Army
                 over
                 the
                 Bridge
                 into
                 Europe
                 ;
                 then
                 marching
                 through
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 he
                 increased
                 his
                 Army
                 by
                 the
                 Thracians
                 and
                 other
                 Borderers
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Doriscus
                 ,
                 he
                 commanded
                 his
                 Fleet
                 should
                 sail
                 thither
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Forces
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 might
                 joyn
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 he
                 numbred
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 reported
                 there
                 
                 were
                 inroll'd
                 above
                 Eight
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 more
                 than
                 Twelve
                 Hundred
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Twenty
                 of
                 which
                 were
                 Greek
                 Ships
                 .
                 The
                 Ships
                 themselves
                 were
                 provided
                 at
                 the
                 Charge
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 but
                 furnished
                 with
                 Soldiers
                 and
                 Mariners
                 by
                 the
                 
                 Grecians
                 within
                 his
                 Dominions
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 rest
                 were
                 Ships
                 fitted
                 out
                 by
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 .
                 Of
                 these
                 ,
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 were
                 built
                 and
                 man'd
                 by
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 ;
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 by
                 the
                 Phaenicians
                 ;
                 the
                 Cilicians
                 ,
                 Fourscore
                 ;
                 the
                 Pamphilians
                 Forty
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Licians
                 as
                 many
                 :
                 Besides
                 ,
                 the
                 Carians
                 Fourscore
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 Cyprus
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fifty
                 .
                 As
                 to
                 those
                 from
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 the
                 Doreans
                 inhabiting
                 about
                 Caria
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 Rhodes
                 and
                 Coos
                 ,
                 sent
                 Forty
                 ;
                 the
                 Ionians
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 Samos
                 and
                 Chius
                 ,
                 an
                 Hundred
                 ;
                 the
                 Eolians
                 with
                 Lesbos
                 and
                 Tenedos
                 ,
                 Forty
                 :
                 They
                 of
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 with
                 them
                 that
                 inhabited
                 about
                 Pontus
                 ,
                 Fourscore
                 :
                 The
                 Islanders
                 Fifty
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 secured
                 to
                 himself
                 all
                 the
                 Islands
                 between
                 
                   Cyaneas
                   ,
                   Triopion
                
                 and
                 Sunium
                 .
              
               
                 Such
                 was
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 in
                 the
                 Navy
                 besides
                 Eight
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fifty
                 prepared
                 for
                 transporting
                 of
                 Horses
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 Thousand
                 Ships
                 of
                 Burden
                 of
                 Thirty
                 Oars
                 a-piece
                 .
                 Thus
                 Xerxes
                 was
                 imploy'd
                 at
                 Doriscus
                 in
                 numbring
                 his
                 Army
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 General
                 Council
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 being
                 informed
                 that
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 did
                 approach
                 ;
                 it
                 was
                 ordered
                 that
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 should
                 forthwith
                 sail
                 to
                 Artemesium
                 in
                 *
                 Eubaea
                 ,
                 judging
                 that
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 most
                 convenient
                 place
                 to
                 oppose
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 And
                 a
                 Guard
                 of
                 Men
                 at
                 Arms
                 are
                 sent
                 to
                 Thermopile
                 ,
                 sufficient
                 (
                 as
                 was
                 conceived
                 )
                 to
                 secure
                 the
                 Straits
                 and
                 Passages
                 ,
                 and
                 repel
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 was
                 determined
                 with
                 all
                 haste
                 and
                 speed
                 to
                 defend
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 took
                 part
                 with
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 their
                 Forces
                 every
                 way
                 to
                 preserve
                 their
                 Confederates
                 .
                 Euribiades
                 a
                 Lacedemonian
                 ,
                 was
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ;
                 Leonidas
                 †
                 General
                 of
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 commanded
                 the
                 Forces
                 sent
                 to
                 Thermopile
                 ,
                 a
                 brave
                 Man
                 and
                 an
                 excellent
                 Soldier
                 .
              
               
                 Leonidas
                 taking
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Command
                 ,
                 chose
                 only
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 to
                 follow
                 him
                 in
                 this
                 Expedition
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 *
                 Ephori
                 or
                 Common
                 Council
                 advising
                 him
                 to
                 take
                 a
                 greater
                 number
                 against
                 so
                 powerful
                 an
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 yea
                 ,
                 commanding
                 him
                 so
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 he
                 in
                 an
                 intricate
                 and
                 perplexed
                 Speech
                 made
                 Answer
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 truth
                 that
                 number
                 was
                 too
                 few
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Pass
                 against
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 needed
                 no
                 more
                 to
                 accomplish
                 that
                 Design
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 going
                 about
                 to
                 effect
                 .
                 Receiving
                 this
                 dark
                 Answer
                 ,
                 they
                 asked
                 him
                 whether
                 he
                 led
                 out
                 the
                 Army
                 upon
                 any
                 slight
                 and
                 inconsiderable
                 Attempt
                 ?
                 He
                 return'd
                 in
                 Answer
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 Words
                 and
                 Talk
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 lead
                 them
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Passages
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 truth
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Event
                 to
                 dye
                 for
                 the
                 Common
                 Liberty
                 .
                 Therefore
                 if
                 these
                 Thousand
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 chosen
                 might
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 the
                 Fame
                 of
                 Sparta
                 would
                 be
                 advanced
                 even
                 by
                 their
                 Destruction
                 :
                 But
                 if
                 all
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 should
                 
                 go
                 thither
                 ,
                 the
                 very
                 Lacedemonian
                 Name
                 would
                 be
                 utterly
                 extinct
                 ,
                 they
                 being
                 Men
                 never
                 used
                 to
                 fly
                 to
                 save
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 this
                 there
                 were
                 allotted
                 to
                 him
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 Thousand
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 he
                 marcht
                 away
                 with
                 Four
                 Thousand
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 Thermopile
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Locrians
                 who
                 inhabited
                 near
                 the
                 Passages
                 ,
                 had
                 given
                 †
                 Earth
                 and
                 Water
                 to
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 promis'd
                 to
                 seize
                 the
                 Passes
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 perceiv'd
                 Leonidas
                 to
                 advance
                 to
                 Thermopile
                 ,
                 they
                 revolted
                 and
                 joined
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Greciau
                 Army
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Locrians
                 ,
                 as
                 many
                 Milesians
                 ,
                 and
                 near
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Phocians
                 marched
                 with
                 him
                 to
                 Thermopile
                 ;
                 besides
                 Four
                 Hundred
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 different
                 Faction
                 sided
                 now
                 with
                 Greece
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Thebans
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 Confederacy
                 with
                 the
                 Persians
                 were
                 divided
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 then
                 is
                 the
                 utmost
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 which
                 under
                 Leonidas
                 their
                 General
                 came
                 to
                 Thermopile
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 prepared
                 themselves
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 brunt
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
              
               
                 Xerxes
                 having
                 now
                 numbred
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 march'd
                 *
                 away
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 Acanthus
                 ,
                 his
                 Fleet
                 sailing
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 over
                 against
                 him
                 ;
                 thence
                 his
                 Navy
                 pass'd
                 through
                 the
                 Ditch
                 or
                 Sluce
                 cut
                 through
                 the
                 †
                 Istmos
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 he
                 pass'd
                 his
                 Fleet
                 into
                 the
                 other
                 *
                 Sea
                 by
                 a
                 short
                 and
                 safe
                 Cut.
                 
              
               
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Bay
                 of
                 †
                 Melus
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 inform'd
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Passages
                 were
                 possessed
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 he
                 again
                 increas'd
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 join'd
                 to
                 them
                 little
                 less
                 than
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 more
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 raised
                 as
                 his
                 Confederates
                 out
                 of
                 Europe
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 besides
                 his
                 Naval
                 Forces
                 ,
                 his
                 Land
                 Army
                 consisted
                 of
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 a
                 *
                 Hundred
                 Myriads
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 rest
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 his
                 Fleet
                 (
                 what
                 in
                 his
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 in
                 his
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 and
                 Shipping
                 for
                 other
                 Necessaries
                 )
                 were
                 judged
                 to
                 be
                 no
                 way
                 inferior
                 for
                 number
                 to
                 his
                 Land
                 Forces
                 .
                 Therefore
                 what
                 we
                 find
                 reported
                 concerning
                 the
                 Number
                 he
                 brought
                 with
                 him
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 wondred
                 at
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 †
                 great
                 Rivers
                 were
                 drunk
                 up
                 by
                 that
                 multitude
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Sea
                 it self
                 was
                 even
                 cover'd
                 over
                 by
                 the
                 spreading
                 forth
                 of
                 the
                 Sails
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 Xerxes
                 have
                 been
                 by
                 all
                 reputed
                 the
                 greatest
                 that
                 ever
                 any
                 History
                 made
                 mention
                 of
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Persian
                 Army
                 now
                 incamping
                 at
                 the
                 River
                 
                   Sperchius
                   ,
                   Xerxes
                
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 to
                 Thermopyle
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 find
                 out
                 with
                 what
                 Resolution
                 he
                 was
                 likely
                 to
                 be
                 oppos'd
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 to
                 declare
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 commanded
                 them
                 to
                 lay
                 down
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 return
                 in
                 safety
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Countries
                 ,
                 and
                 become
                 Friends
                 and
                 Confederates
                 to
                 the
                 Persians
                 ;
                 which
                 if
                 they
                 yielded
                 to
                 ,
                 then
                 he
                 faithfully
                 promis'd
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 bestow
                 upon
                 them
                 both
                 larger
                 and
                 richer
                 Countries
                 than
                 those
                 they
                 did
                 then
                 inhabit
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Message
                 being
                 heard
                 ,
                 those
                 with
                 Leonidas
                 returned
                 this
                 Answer
                 ;
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 better
                 Posture
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Kings
                 Confederates
                 being
                 arm'd
                 ,
                 than
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 disarm'd
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 it
                 happen'd
                 that
                 they
                 must
                 fight
                 ,
                 then
                 they
                 could
                 more
                 gallantly
                 and
                 couragiously
                 venture
                 their
                 Lives
                 for
                 their
                 Liberties
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Countries
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 promis'd
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 bid
                 them
                 tell
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 by
                 any
                 base
                 and
                 dishonourable
                 means
                 to
                 plant
                 themselves
                 in
                 any
                 Country
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 gain
                 Lands
                 and
                 Estates
                 but
                 by
                 Virtue
                 and
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 so
                 gain'd
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 Valour
                 to
                 defend
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Xerxes
                 having
                 receiv'd
                 this
                 Answer
                 ,
                 presently
                 sent
                 for
                 Demaratus
                 the
                 Spartan
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 banished
                 from
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 fled
                 to
                 him
                 )
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 scoffing
                 manner
                 ask'd
                 the
                 Laconian
                 ,
                 whether
                 the
                 Grecians
                 could
                 run
                 faster
                 than
                 his
                 Horses
                 ?
                 or
                 whether
                 they
                 durst
                 ingage
                 with
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 Army
                 ?
                 Demaratus
                 is
                 reported
                 to
                 have
                 answer'd
                 the
                 King
                 thus
                 :
                 
                   You
                   are
                   not
                   O
                   King
                   ,
                   unacquainted
                   with
                   the
                   Valour
                   of
                   the
                
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 
                   forasmuch
                   as
                   your
                   Majesty
                   ever
                   made
                   use
                   of
                   them
                   to
                   reduce
                   your
                   Rebellious
                   Subjects
                   upon
                   all
                   occasions
                   :
                   And
                   do
                   not
                   think
                   that
                   these
                   ,
                   who
                   have
                   done
                   more
                   than
                   the
                
                 Persians
                 
                   in
                   the
                   Defence
                   of
                   your
                   Majesty's
                   Sovereignty
                   ,
                   will
                   approve
                   themselves
                   with
                   less
                   Valour
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   preservation
                   of
                   their
                   own
                   Liberties
                   against
                   the
                
                 Persians
                 .
              
               
               
                 At
                 which
                 words
                 ,
                 Xerxes
                 laughing
                 him
                 to
                 scorn
                 ,
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 follow
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 presently
                 see
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 taking
                 to
                 their
                 Heels
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 Xerxes
                 dislodging
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 marched
                 to
                 the
                 Straights
                 of
                 Thermopyle
                 ,
                 placing
                 the
                 Medes
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 ,
                 either
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 esteem'd
                 Men
                 of
                 greatest
                 Courage
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 he
                 desir'd
                 to
                 have
                 them
                 all
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 still
                 proud
                 and
                 haughty
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 not
                 long
                 before
                 was
                 wrested
                 from
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 there
                 were
                 likewise
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 whose
                 Kindred
                 perish'd
                 in
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 
                   Marathon
                   .
                   Xerxes
                
                 therefore
                 orders
                 the
                 Brothers
                 and
                 Children
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 slain
                 in
                 that
                 Battel
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 plac'd
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 in
                 view
                 of
                 the
                 Medes
                 ,
                 conceiving
                 this
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 means
                 to
                 exasperate
                 'em
                 to
                 a
                 fiercer
                 Revenge
                 upon
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Medes
                 therefore
                 being
                 put
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 (
                 as
                 before
                 said
                 )
                 made
                 a
                 fierce
                 Charge
                 upon
                 the
                 Thermopylean
                 Guards
                 .
                 But
                 Leonidas
                 (
                 being
                 well
                 prepar'd
                 )
                 had
                 plac'd
                 his
                 Men
                 in
                 a
                 close
                 Body
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 straightest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Passages
                 :
                 Now
                 both
                 sides
                 are
                 hotly
                 engaged
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 having
                 their
                 King
                 both
                 the
                 Spectator
                 and
                 Witness
                 of
                 their
                 Valour
                 on
                 the
                 one
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 thoughts
                 of
                 danger
                 of
                 losing
                 of
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Commands
                 of
                 the
                 General
                 firing
                 the
                 Grecians
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 the
                 Fight
                 was
                 amazing
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 setting
                 Foot
                 to
                 Foot
                 ,
                 fighting
                 
                 close
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 lockt
                 together
                 ,
                 Wounds
                 were
                 given
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 the
                 Battel
                 was
                 doubtful
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 till
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 Grecians
                 through
                 their
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 their
                 Shields
                 getting
                 ground
                 ,
                 the
                 Medes
                 with
                 much
                 ado
                 fell
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 began
                 to
                 flag
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 being
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 others
                 wounded
                 .
                 The
                 Medes
                 thus
                 baffled
                 ,
                 the
                 Caesii
                 and
                 Sachae
                 (
                 counted
                 excellent
                 Soldiers
                 )
                 continu'd
                 the
                 Fight
                 ;
                 and
                 although
                 they
                 were
                 fresh
                 Men
                 and
                 untouched
                 ,
                 against
                 Men
                 almost
                 tired
                 out
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 were
                 hew'd
                 down
                 and
                 quickly
                 put
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 kill'd
                 by
                 Leonidas
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 being
                 guarded
                 with
                 short
                 Shields
                 and
                 Bucklers
                 ,
                 were
                 fitter
                 for
                 Fight
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Field
                 ,
                 (
                 where
                 they
                 could
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 lightness
                 of
                 their
                 Arms
                 move
                 as
                 they
                 pleas'd
                 ,
                 )
                 than
                 in
                 narrow
                 Passages
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 well
                 touch
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 standing
                 so
                 close
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 likewise
                 defended
                 with
                 large
                 Shields
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 being
                 but
                 lightly
                 arm'd
                 ,
                 lay
                 the
                 more
                 open
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Darts
                 and
                 Blows
                 of
                 the
                 Assailants
                 .
              
               
                 Xerxes
                 now
                 seeing
                 the
                 Passages
                 strowed
                 with
                 the
                 Carcases
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 withstand
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Valour
                 ,
                 sent
                 against
                 them
                 the
                 chiefest
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 call'd
                 Immortal
                 and
                 Invulnerable
                 ,
                 Men
                 of
                 far
                 stronger
                 Bodies
                 than
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 .
                 Of
                 these
                 the
                 Grecians
                 made
                 a
                 quick
                 dispatch
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 fled
                 presently
                 ,
                 and
                 Night
                 now
                 coming
                 on
                 ,
                 gave
                 a
                 present
                 Cessation
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 few
                 being
                 lost
                 on
                 the
                 Grecians
                 side
                 .
              
               
                 Xerxes
                 fretting
                 at
                 the
                 late
                 Misfortune
                 of
                 his
                 Arms
                 ,
                 so
                 cross
                 to
                 his
                 hopes
                 and
                 expectations
                 ,
                 the
                 next
                 day
                 chose
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Regiments
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 most
                 approved
                 for
                 Strength
                 and
                 Valour
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 many
                 earnest
                 Entreaties
                 ,
                 he
                 told
                 them
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 broke
                 in
                 upon
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 drove
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Passages
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 remunerate
                 them
                 with
                 large
                 Rewards
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 Death
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 Wages
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 fled
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 fierce
                 and
                 violent
                 Charge
                 in
                 one
                 Body
                 upon
                 the
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
                 The
                 Soldiers
                 of
                 Leonidas
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 closing
                 together
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 like
                 a
                 strong
                 Wall
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 resolution
                 resisted
                 the
                 furious
                 shock
                 of
                 their
                 Adversaries
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 so
                 earnest
                 in
                 Fight
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 the
                 usual
                 fresh
                 Aids
                 to
                 succeed
                 to
                 their
                 Assistance
                 ;
                 but
                 overcoming
                 all
                 difficulties
                 by
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 they
                 beat
                 down
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 choicest
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ;
                 every
                 one
                 striving
                 who
                 should
                 spend
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 day
                 in
                 signalizing
                 his
                 own
                 Valour
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Courage
                 of
                 the
                 Young
                 Men
                 ,
                 put
                 on
                 the
                 Old
                 and
                 Experienc'd
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 a
                 higher
                 strain
                 of
                 Valour
                 than
                 ordinary
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Glory
                 formerly
                 gain'd
                 by
                 the
                 Old
                 ,
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 the
                 Young
                 Men
                 to
                 Emulation
                 of
                 Honour
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 length
                 this
                 brave
                 and
                 choice
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 was
                 routed
                 and
                 put
                 to
                 flight
                 :
                 In
                 their
                 flight
                 they
                 were
                 stop'd
                 by
                 a
                 strong
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 appointed
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 who
                 drove
                 them
                 back
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 forced
                 them
                 to
                 renew
                 the
                 Fight
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 King
                 being
                 astonished
                 and
                 in
                 great
                 fear
                 ,
                 conceiving
                 none
                 durst
                 make
                 any
                 further
                 Attempt
                 upon
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 one
                 *
                 Trachinius
                 an
                 Inhabitant
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 (
                 to
                 whom
                 all
                 the
                 secret
                 and
                 by-ways
                 in
                 the
                 Mountains
                 were
                 by
                 
                 use
                 very
                 well
                 known
                 )
                 came
                 to
                 Xerxes
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 him
                 to
                 lead
                 the
                 Persians
                 through
                 a
                 certain
                 straight
                 and
                 difficult
                 †
                 Pass
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Troops
                 sent
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 might
                 come
                 upon
                 the
                 Backs
                 of
                 Leonidas
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 the
                 Grecians
                 being
                 fought
                 both
                 behind
                 and
                 before
                 ,
                 might
                 easily
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 the
                 hearing
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 greatly
                 rejoyc'd
                 ,
                 and
                 amply
                 rewarded
                 the
                 Trachinian
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 sent
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 Twenty
                 Thousand
                 Men.
                 But
                 one
                 Tyrastiades
                 of
                 Cuma
                 in
                 the
                 Persian
                 Army
                 ,
                 *
                 an
                 upright
                 Man
                 of
                 honest
                 Principles
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 privately
                 convey'd
                 himself
                 from
                 the
                 Watch
                 or
                 Centinels
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 Leonidas
                 ,
                 and
                 discover'd
                 what
                 the
                 Trachinian
                 had
                 contriv'd
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 known
                 ,
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 was
                 call'd
                 at
                 Midnight
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 advised
                 together
                 what
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 imminent
                 danger
                 and
                 state
                 of
                 Affairs
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 some
                 that
                 were
                 of
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 best
                 forthwith
                 to
                 leave
                 the
                 Passages
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 their
                 Associates
                 while
                 it
                 was
                 yet
                 well
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 hopes
                 of
                 safety
                 if
                 they
                 continu'd
                 there
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Leonidas
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 General
                 minding
                 to
                 appropriate
                 Immortal
                 Honour
                 
                 to
                 himself
                 and
                 his
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 commanded
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 depart
                 ,
                 and
                 reserve
                 themselves
                 for
                 better
                 Times
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 further
                 help
                 to
                 the
                 Greeks
                 hereafter
                 ;
                 enjoyning
                 only
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 to
                 stay
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 desert
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 Straights
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 it
                 became
                 the
                 Generals
                 and
                 Commanders
                 of
                 Greece
                 resolvedly
                 to
                 be
                 victorious
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 dye
                 valiantly
                 upon
                 the
                 Spot
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Council
                 then
                 breaking
                 up
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 presently
                 march'd
                 away
                 :
                 And
                 Leonidas
                 being
                 now
                 left
                 upon
                 the
                 Place
                 only
                 with
                 his
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 was
                 resolved
                 with
                 them
                 to
                 perform
                 wonderful
                 and
                 Heroical
                 Actions
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 being
                 but
                 very
                 few
                 (
                 for
                 he
                 kept
                 the
                 Thespians
                 only
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 together
                 did
                 not
                 exceed
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 Men
                 )
                 he
                 prepar'd
                 himself
                 bravely
                 to
                 dye
                 for
                 the
                 Liberty
                 and
                 Glory
                 of
                 Greece
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 with
                 †
                 Trachinius
                 ,
                 led
                 about
                 through
                 the
                 steep
                 Passes
                 ,
                 had
                 beset
                 those
                 with
                 Leonidas
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Grecians
                 who
                 had
                 before
                 cast
                 off
                 all
                 Thoughts
                 of
                 Deliverance
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 preferr'd
                 Honour
                 before
                 Life
                 ,
                 with
                 one
                 Voice
                 desir'd
                 their
                 General
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 lead
                 them
                 out
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 before
                 it
                 were
                 known
                 to
                 the
                 Persians
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 surrounded
                 .
              
               
                 Leonidas
                 hereupon
                 commending
                 the
                 Courage
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 commanded
                 them
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 go
                 to
                 their
                 Dinners
                 with
                 that
                 chearfulness
                 as
                 those
                 that
                 must
                 be
                 with
                 the
                 *
                 Gods
                 at
                 Supper
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 himself
                 presently
                 commanded
                 Meat
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 to
                 eating
                 :
                 For
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 he
                 said
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 more
                 able
                 to
                 endure
                 ,
                 and
                 longer
                 to
                 abide
                 the
                 Dangers
                 and
                 Toyls
                 of
                 such
                 an
                 Ingagement
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 they
                 had
                 all
                 refresh'd
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 ready
                 attending
                 upon
                 their
                 General
                 ,
                 he
                 commanded
                 them
                 to
                 follow
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 break
                 into
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Camp
                 to
                 kill
                 all
                 that
                 they
                 met
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 to
                 the
                 King's
                 Pavilion
                 :
                 At
                 which
                 word
                 of
                 Command
                 ,
                 in
                 one
                 Body
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 under
                 their
                 General
                 Leonidas
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 rush
                 into
                 the
                 Camp
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Barbarians
                 being
                 amaz'd
                 at
                 so
                 suddain
                 and
                 unexpected
                 an
                 Alarum
                 ,
                 every
                 where
                 run
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Tents
                 in
                 great
                 disorder
                 and
                 confusion
                 .
                 And
                 supposing
                 that
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 with
                 the
                 Trachinian
                 were
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Forces
                 were
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 every
                 where
                 seiz'd
                 with
                 fear
                 and
                 astonishment
                 :
                 A
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 therefore
                 was
                 made
                 amongst
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 of
                 Leonidas
                 ,
                 but
                 much
                 more
                 by
                 the
                 Persians
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 they
                 not
                 knowing
                 who
                 was
                 Friend
                 or
                 Foe
                 :
                 The
                 Mistake
                 likewise
                 being
                 advanced
                 by
                 the
                 Darkness
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 none
                 could
                 be
                 distinguish'd
                 ,
                 dread
                 and
                 horrour
                 prevail'd
                 all
                 over
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 no
                 wonder
                 that
                 a
                 terrible
                 Slaughter
                 was
                 made
                 among
                 them
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 killed
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 since
                 now
                 there
                 was
                 neither
                 Time
                 nor
                 Place
                 to
                 be
                 at
                 any
                 certainty
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 none
                 knew
                 whose
                 Commands
                 ,
                 or
                 what
                 Captain
                 to
                 follow
                 ,
                 or
                 what
                 Colours
                 or
                 Ensigns
                 to
                 hasten
                 to
                 :
                 But
                 their
                 Minds
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 continual
                 Distraction
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 then
                 been
                 in
                 his
                 Pavilion
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 easily
                 destroy'd
                 amongst
                 the
                 rest
                 by
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 that
                 moment
                 had
                 an
                 end
                 been
                 put
                 to
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 War
                 :
                 But
                 Xerxes
                 presently
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 Tumult
                 ,
                 hasten'd
                 ,
                 and
                 speedily
                 got
                 out
                 of
                 harms
                 way
                 .
                 The
                 Grecians
                 
                 breaking
                 into
                 his
                 Pavilion
                 ,
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 Heads
                 almost
                 of
                 all
                 they
                 found
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 diligently
                 sought
                 for
                 Xerxes
                 (
                 while
                 the
                 Night
                 favour'd
                 them
                 )
                 in
                 all
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Camp.
                 
              
               
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 Day
                 brake
                 ,
                 and
                 Light
                 began
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Discovery
                 ,
                 the
                 Persians
                 then
                 perceiving
                 the
                 Grecians
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 few
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 despise
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 durst
                 not
                 make
                 strait
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 being
                 terrify'd
                 by
                 their
                 amazing
                 Courage
                 .
              
               
                 Therefore
                 they
                 compass'd
                 them
                 round
                 ,
                 and
                 gauling
                 them
                 every
                 way
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 the
                 Flank
                 and
                 Rear
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 all
                 destroy'd
                 with
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 those
                 sent
                 with
                 Leonidas
                 to
                 guard
                 the
                 Passes
                 in
                 Thermopyle
                 ,
                 whose
                 Valour
                 who
                 can
                 sufficiently
                 admire
                 ?
                 who
                 were
                 also
                 unanimous
                 not
                 to
                 desert
                 their
                 Post
                 assigned
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 undauntedly
                 sacrific'd
                 their
                 Lives
                 for
                 the
                 common
                 safety
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 chose
                 rather
                 to
                 dye
                 valiantly
                 and
                 in
                 Honour
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 live
                 as
                 Slaves
                 and
                 in
                 Disgrace
                 .
              
               
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 this
                 Terror
                 and
                 Amazement
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 cannot
                 but
                 be
                 very
                 probable
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 could
                 ever
                 suspect
                 so
                 incredible
                 an
                 
                 Attempt
                 ?
                 Who
                 could
                 have
                 imagin'd
                 ,
                 that
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 should
                 have
                 that
                 Confidence
                 ,
                 as
                 without
                 Fear
                 to
                 set
                 upon
                 *
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Myriads
                 ?
                 So
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 conclude
                 that
                 Posterity
                 cannot
                 but
                 fix
                 upon
                 these
                 Men
                 as
                 a
                 Pattern
                 and
                 Example
                 of
                 Valour
                 for
                 ever
                 ;
                 who
                 though
                 compassed
                 about
                 with
                 inextricable
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 and
                 wearied
                 out
                 in
                 their
                 Bodies
                 with
                 overcoming
                 ,
                 yet
                 in
                 their
                 Minds
                 were
                 unconquerable
                 .
                 These
                 therefore
                 are
                 the
                 only
                 Men
                 (
                 we
                 read
                 of
                 )
                 that
                 became
                 more
                 famous
                 by
                 their
                 being
                 overcome
                 ,
                 than
                 others
                 by
                 their
                 most
                 glorious
                 Victories
                 ;
                 for
                 we
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Judgment
                 of
                 Mens
                 Virtues
                 by
                 the
                 Event
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 their
                 solid
                 and
                 well-grounded
                 Resolutions
                 :
                 For
                 Fortune
                 is
                 the
                 Mistress
                 of
                 the
                 First
                 ,
                 but
                 every
                 Man's
                 Reason
                 is
                 the
                 Advocate
                 for
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 who
                 can
                 judge
                 there
                 were
                 ever
                 braver
                 Men
                 than
                 these
                 ?
                 who
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 the
                 Thousandth
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 yet
                 were
                 acted
                 with
                 such
                 brave
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 dare
                 to
                 try
                 their
                 Courage
                 with
                 an
                 incredible
                 Multitude
                 ;
                 not
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 the
                 least
                 hope
                 or
                 expectation
                 of
                 overcoming
                 upon
                 so
                 unequal
                 Terms
                 ,
                 but
                 resolving
                 with
                 undaunted
                 Resolutions
                 and
                 noble
                 Souls
                 to
                 surpass
                 all
                 that
                 ever
                 was
                 done
                 in
                 former
                 Ages
                 .
                 They
                 knew
                 indeed
                 they
                 were
                 then
                 to
                 fight
                 with
                 Barbarians
                 :
                 But
                 yet
                 they
                 concluded
                 ,
                 that
                 thereby
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 sharers
                 in
                 Fame
                 and
                 Glory
                 with
                 all
                 that
                 ever
                 were
                 before
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 only
                 Men
                 (
                 since
                 the
                 Memory
                 of
                 Man
                 )
                 that
                 chose
                 rather
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 preserve
                 their
                 own
                 Lives
                 ,
                 even
                 with
                 a
                 Contempt
                 of
                 Dangers
                 that
                 were
                 insuperable
                 ;
                 judging
                 it
                 more
                 desirable
                 for
                 Men
                 of
                 Valour
                 so
                 to
                 signalize
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 these
                 the
                 common
                 Liberty
                 of
                 Greece
                 ows
                 more
                 than
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 afterwards
                 overcame
                 Xerxes
                 in
                 following
                 Battels
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 being
                 astonished
                 with
                 such
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 and
                 unheard
                 of
                 Attempt
                 ,
                 were
                 afterwards
                 much
                 discourag'd
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 little
                 heart
                 to
                 Fight
                 .
                 The
                 Spirits
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 were
                 inflamed
                 with
                 the
                 desire
                 of
                 gaining
                 the
                 like
                 honour
                 with
                 their
                 Countrymen
                 .
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 these
                 alone
                 seem'd
                 to
                 have
                 born
                 away
                 with
                 them
                 the
                 immortal
                 Memory
                 of
                 an
                 unparallell'd
                 Valour
                 ,
                 above
                 all
                 before
                 them
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 their
                 Praises
                 have
                 been
                 set
                 forth
                 not
                 only
                 by
                 Historians
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 many
                 Poets
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 ,
                 that
                 famous
                 †
                 Milean
                 Poet
                 *
                 Simonides
                 has
                 described
                 this
                 noble
                 Action
                 ,
                 with
                 high
                 Strains
                 of
                 Commendation
                 worthy
                 of
                 their
                 Valour
                 ,
                 thus
                 —
              
               
                 
                   At
                   fam'd
                   Thermopyle
                   these
                   brave
                   Souls
                   got
                   ,
                
                 
                   An
                   honourable
                   Death
                   ,
                   and
                   Noble
                   Lot
                   ;
                
                 
                   Their
                   Tomb
                   an
                   Altar
                   bears
                   ,
                   which
                   doth
                   record
                
                 
                   Their
                   Ancestors
                   ;
                   and
                   Death
                   doth
                   Life
                   afford
                
                 
                   Vnto
                   their
                   Fame
                   ,
                   nor
                   Rust
                   ,
                   nor
                   Times
                   Teeth
                   shall
                
                 
                   Devour
                   the
                   Trophies
                   of
                   their
                   Funeral
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Praise
                   of
                   Grecian
                   Heroes
                   to
                   maintain
                   ,
                
                 
                   Their
                   Countrys
                   Freedom
                   that
                   were
                   Slain
                   ,
                
                 
                   This
                   Chappel
                   doth
                   contain
                   .
                
                 
                   Leonidas
                   above
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Spartan
                   King
                   will
                   this
                   attest
                   ;
                
                 
                   Who
                   gave
                   proof
                   to
                   Posterity
                   ,
                
                 
                   That
                   real
                   Valour
                   cannot
                   dye
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 Having
                 now
                 said
                 enough
                 of
                 these
                 Gallant
                 Men
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 return
                 where
                 we
                 broke
                 off
                 .
                 Xerxes
                 thus
                 possess'd
                 of
                 the
                 Passes
                 ,
                 obtain'd
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Proverb
                 )
                 only
                 in
                 a
                 *
                 Cadmean
                 Victory
                 ,
                 lost
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Destruction
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 few
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 in
                 comparison
                 .
                 And
                 having
                 now
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Straights
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 his
                 way
                 open
                 ,
                 he
                 determin'd
                 to
                 try
                 his
                 Fortune
                 in
                 a
                 Sea-Fight
                 :
                 To
                 that
                 purpose
                 he
                 forthwith
                 sent
                 for
                 Megabates
                 the
                 Admiral
                 of
                 his
                 Navy
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 make
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 strength
                 of
                 his
                 Navy
                 to
                 join
                 Battel
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 who
                 without
                 delay
                 obeys
                 the
                 King's
                 Command
                 ,
                 and
                 looses
                 from
                 Pydna
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 sails
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 Coasts
                 or
                 Promontory
                 of
                 Magnesia
                 call'd
                 Sepias
                 ,
                 where
                 meeting
                 with
                 a
                 violent
                 Storm
                 and
                 Tempest
                 ,
                 he
                 lost
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 his
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Storm
                 was
                 over
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 arrived
                 at
                 Aphetas
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 Magnesia
                 .
                 From
                 thence
                 he
                 sent
                 forth
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 the
                 Officers
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 sail
                 about
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 to
                 the
                 Right
                 Hand
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 †
                 Eubea
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 surround
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 The
                 Grecians
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 lay
                 at
                 Anchor
                 at
                 Artemesia
                 in
                 Eubea
                 ,
                 whose
                 Navy
                 was
                 at
                 the
                 most
                 not
                 above
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fourscore
                 Sail
                 ,
                 whereof
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Forty
                 were
                 fitted
                 out
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 by
                 the
                 other
                 
                   Grecians
                   .
                   Euribiades
                
                 ,
                 a
                 Spartan
                 ,
                 was
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ;
                 and
                 Themistocles
                 the
                 Athenian
                 took
                 care
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 relating
                 to
                 it
                 .
                 
                 This
                 Man
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 singular
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Military
                 Experience
                 ,
                 was
                 not
                 only
                 in
                 great
                 Reputation
                 and
                 Authority
                 with
                 the
                 Grecians
                 in
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 with
                 Euribiades
                 himself
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 were
                 ready
                 at
                 his
                 Command
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Sea-Officers
                 were
                 in
                 Consultation
                 where
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 commodious
                 Place
                 to
                 join
                 Battel
                 ;
                 whilst
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 were
                 for
                 abiding
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 receive
                 the
                 Enemy
                 as
                 they
                 then
                 lay
                 ;
                 only
                 Themistocles
                 was
                 of
                 a
                 contrary
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 and
                 declared
                 ,
                 that
                 that
                 Party
                 ever
                 had
                 the
                 advantage
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 good
                 order
                 made
                 the
                 first
                 Onset
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 For
                 if
                 they
                 then
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 in
                 Disorder
                 and
                 Confusion
                 ,
                 by
                 coming
                 out
                 of
                 several
                 Ports
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 the
                 Attack
                 would
                 probably
                 be
                 successful
                 and
                 prosperous
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Counsel
                 and
                 Advice
                 of
                 Themistocles
                 prevailing
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Grecian
                 Fleet
                 in
                 order
                 of
                 Battel
                 ,
                 set
                 sail
                 against
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 who
                 coming
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 several
                 Ports
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 dispers'd
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 order
                 ,
                 were
                 met
                 by
                 the
                 Navy
                 of
                 Themistocles
                 ,
                 who
                 sunk
                 many
                 of
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 as
                 many
                 more
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Fleets
                 of
                 both
                 Parties
                 now
                 come
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 Battel
                 join'd
                 ,
                 some
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Fleets
                 prevail'd
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 without
                 absolute
                 Victory
                 on
                 either
                 ,
                 till
                 Night
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 Contest
                 .
                 Presently
                 follow'd
                 a
                 most
                 dreadful
                 Tempest
                 ,
                 whereby
                 many
                 Ships
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Fleet
                 were
                 forc'd
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Harbours
                 ,
                 and
                 lost
                 .
                 So
                 as
                 God
                 dimself
                 seem'd
                 to
                 fight
                 for
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 by
                 reducing
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 to
                 a
                 less
                 number
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Grecians
                 might
                 be
                 an
                 equal
                 Match
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 better
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 brunt
                 of
                 a
                 Sea-Fight
                 .
                 Hence
                 it
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Grecians
                 grew
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 confident
                 and
                 couragious
                 :
                 And
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 Hand
                 ,
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ever
                 more
                 fearful
                 in
                 all
                 Attempts
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 after
                 the
                 Storm
                 was
                 over
                 ,
                 having
                 again
                 brought
                 together
                 their
                 Navy
                 ,
                 they
                 
                 made
                 down
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 :
                 The
                 Grecians
                 inforc'd
                 with
                 Fifty
                 Athenian
                 Ships
                 ,
                 made
                 ready
                 ,
                 and
                 undauntedly
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 .
                 And
                 here
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 Fight
                 was
                 almost
                 like
                 that
                 at
                 Thermopyle
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Persians
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 charge
                 through
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 to
                 pass
                 into
                 ‖
                 Euripus
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 in
                 Eubea
                 ,
                 defended
                 the
                 Straights
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 again
                 a
                 fierce
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 sides
                 lost
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 :
                 But
                 Night
                 drawing
                 on
                 again
                 ,
                 both
                 Parties
                 were
                 forc'd
                 into
                 their
                 Harbours
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 reported
                 that
                 the
                 Athenians
                 on
                 the
                 Grecian
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Zidonians
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 bravely
                 behav'd
                 themselves
                 in
                 both
                 Battels
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Grecians
                 afterwards
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Defeat
                 and
                 Slaughter
                 made
                 at
                 Thermopyle
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 being
                 certainly
                 informed
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Persians
                 were
                 marching
                 towards
                 Athens
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 great
                 consternation
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 sailing
                 back
                 to
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 they
                 there
                 lay
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Athenians
                 seeing
                 the
                 extream
                 Hazard
                 all
                 were
                 in
                 ,
                 who
                 remain'd
                 in
                 Athens
                 ,
                 put
                 on
                 Board
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 Necessaries
                 ,
                 and
                 whatever
                 else
                 they
                 could
                 ,
                 and
                 transported
                 'em
                 into
                 Salamis
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 understanding
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 withdrawn
                 from
                 
                 their
                 former
                 station
                 ,
                 presently
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 made
                 for
                 Eubaea
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 first
                 takes
                 the
                 City
                 Istiea
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 raz'd
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 wasts
                 and
                 destroys
                 the
                 whole
                 Country
                 before
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Xerxes
                 marches
                 from
                 Thermopyle
                 through
                 the
                 Consines
                 of
                 Phocia
                 ,
                 
                 razes
                 all
                 the
                 Towns
                 far
                 and
                 near
                 ,
                 and
                 wasts
                 and
                 spoils
                 all
                 before
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Phocians
                 who
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 Contest
                 with
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Multitude
                 ,
                 forsook
                 their
                 Towns
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Inhabitants
                 betook
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 difficult
                 Passages
                 and
                 Defences
                 of
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Parnassus
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 the
                 King
                 entring
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Doreans
                 ,
                 forbore
                 from
                 Pillage
                 and
                 Spoil
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 that
                 no
                 Injury
                 should
                 be
                 done
                 there
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 his
                 Friends
                 and
                 Associates
                 .
                 But
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Forces
                 left
                 there
                 ,
                 he
                 commanded
                 to
                 invade
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 burn
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Apollo
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 rob
                 and
                 carry
                 away
                 all
                 that
                 they
                 found
                 there
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 led
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 incamp'd
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 to
                 spoil
                 the
                 Delphian
                 God
                 ,
                 were
                 advanc'd
                 as
                 far
                 
                 as
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Pallas
                 ,
                 there
                 arose
                 a
                 sudden
                 and
                 incredible
                 Tempest
                 ,
                 and
                 Storm
                 of
                 Hail
                 and
                 Wind
                 ,
                 with
                 dreadful
                 Thunder
                 and
                 Lightning
                 ,
                 wherewith
                 great
                 Rocks
                 were
                 rent
                 asunder
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 them
                 by
                 Heaps
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 that
                 surviv'd
                 ,
                 being
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 this
                 Portent
                 of
                 the
                 Immortal
                 Gods
                 ,
                 ran
                 away
                 with
                 all
                 haste
                 and
                 speed
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 by
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 ,
                 the
                 Oracle
                 of
                 Delphos
                 was
                 preserv'd
                 from
                 Ruin
                 and
                 Robbery
                 .
                 They
                 of
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 continue
                 the
                 Memory
                 of
                 this
                 wonderful
                 Appearance
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 to
                 Posterity
                 for
                 ever
                 ,
                 erected
                 a
                 great
                 Trophy
                 or
                 Monument
                 near
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Pallas
                 ,
                 on
                 which
                 they
                 engraved
                 this
                 Elogy
                 —
              
               
                 
                   A
                   grateful
                   Gift
                   to
                   Jove
                   ,
                   the
                   Delphians
                   Me
                
                 
                   Have
                   rais'd
                   ,
                   proud
                   Monument
                   of
                   Victory
                   .
                
                 
                   By
                   Phoebus
                   help
                   ,
                   who
                   Medean
                   Bands
                   confound
                   ,
                
                 
                   Peserv'd
                   the
                   †
                   Temple
                   that
                   with
                   Brass
                   was
                   Crown'd
                   .
                
              
               
                 Xerxes
                 passing
                 through
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 wasted
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Thespians
                 ,
                 and
                 burnt
                 Platea
                 ,
                 forsaken
                 before
                 of
                 its
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 these
                 Parts
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Families
                 and
                 all
                 their
                 Concerns
                 ,
                 had
                 withdrawn
                 themselves
                 into
                 Peloponesus
                 :
                 From
                 thence
                 he
                 passed
                 into
                 Attica
                 ,
                 continuing
                 still
                 his
                 Devastation
                 and
                 Ruin
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 :
                 And
                 Athens
                 it self
                 he
                 razes
                 
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 burns
                 the
                 Temples
                 .
              
               
                 Whilst
                 Xerxes
                 was
                 thus
                 imploy'd
                 ,
                 his
                 Fleet
                 (
                 having
                 first
                 spoil'd
                 Eubaea
                 and
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Attica
                 )
                 loos'd
                 from
                 Eubaea
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 Attica
                 .
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 the
                 Corcyreans
                 lay
                 about
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 with
                 Threescore
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 pretended
                 )
                 recover
                 the
                 Cape
                 or
                 Promontory
                 of
                 Malea
                 .
                 But
                 other
                 Writers
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 was
                 rather
                 done
                 out
                 of
                 Policy
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 observe
                 how
                 the
                 issue
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 was
                 like
                 to
                 succeed
                 ,
                 and
                 submit
                 to
                 the
                 Persians
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 Victors
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 Conquerors
                 ,
                 might
                 believe
                 they
                 came
                 so
                 far
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 assist
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 when
                 News
                 was
                 brought
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 that
                 were
                 at
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Country
                 was
                 burnt
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Pallas
                 laid
                 in
                 Rubbish
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 extreamly
                 griev'd
                 and
                 dejected
                 .
                 An
                 exceeding
                 fear
                 likewise
                 seiz'd
                 the
                 other
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 seeing
                 themselves
                 besieged
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 )
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 coopt
                 up
                 together
                 within
                 Peloponesus
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 it
                 was
                 determin'd
                 that
                 the
                 Leaders
                 
                 and
                 Officers
                 should
                 consult
                 and
                 give
                 their
                 Opinion
                 what
                 place
                 was
                 fittest
                 and
                 most
                 convenient
                 wherein
                 to
                 try
                 their
                 Fortune
                 in
                 a
                 Sea-Fight
                 .
                 Many
                 and
                 various
                 Opinions
                 were
                 proposed
                 and
                 bandied
                 to
                 and
                 fro
                 in
                 this
                 matter
                 :
                 The
                 Peloponesians
                 ,
                 as
                 those
                 who
                 only
                 minded
                 their
                 own
                 security
                 ,
                 advised
                 that
                 the
                 Fight
                 might
                 be
                 near
                 the
                 Isthmus
                 :
                 For
                 Fortifying
                 the
                 Isthmus
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Wall
                 ,
                 if
                 things
                 did
                 not
                 succeed
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 presently
                 withdraw
                 themselves
                 into
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 as
                 into
                 a
                 Place
                 of
                 greatest
                 Safety
                 and
                 Defence
                 :
                 But
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 penned
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 little
                 Island
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 run
                 into
                 Mischiefs
                 inextricable
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Themistocles
                 advised
                 to
                 fight
                 at
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 within
                 the
                 Straights
                 they
                 were
                 sure
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 might
                 fight
                 with
                 a
                 few
                 Ships
                 against
                 many
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 it
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 to
                 fight
                 near
                 the
                 Isthmus
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 great
                 disadvantage
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 must
                 fight
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Sea
                 ,
                 where
                 
                 the
                 Enemy
                 would
                 have
                 room
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 a
                 few
                 Vessels
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 )
                 would
                 soon
                 be
                 destroyed
                 by
                 such
                 a
                 Multitude
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Reasons
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 others
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 purpose
                 in
                 reference
                 to
                 the
                 Business
                 in
                 Hand
                 ,
                 being
                 seasonably
                 and
                 wisely
                 offer'd
                 by
                 Themistocles
                 ,
                 brought
                 over
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 his
                 Opinion
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 being
                 now
                 therefore
                 determin'd
                 in
                 this
                 General
                 Council
                 ,
                 to
                 Fight
                 within
                 the
                 Straights
                 of
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Captains
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 prepared
                 themselves
                 for
                 Battel
                 against
                 the
                 
                   Persians
                   :
                   Euribiades
                
                 therefore
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 Themistocles
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 encourage
                 the
                 People
                 against
                 the
                 Danger
                 approaching
                 :
                 But
                 they
                 were
                 
                 struck
                 with
                 such
                 Terror
                 and
                 Fear
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 regarded
                 not
                 the
                 Advice
                 or
                 Commands
                 of
                 their
                 Leaders
                 and
                 Officers
                 ;
                 but
                 every
                 one
                 to
                 save
                 himself
                 ,
                 hasted
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 pass
                 over
                 from
                 Salamis
                 to
                 Peloponesus
                 .
              
               
                 Neither
                 were
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Forces
                 by
                 Land
                 ,
                 seized
                 with
                 less
                 Fear
                 and
                 Terror
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 being
                 likewise
                 much
                 dejected
                 by
                 the
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 those
                 valiant
                 Men
                 at
                 Thermopile
                 :
                 And
                 then
                 the
                 misery
                 of
                 the
                 Atheniaus
                 ,
                 was
                 ever
                 before
                 their
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 which
                 amazed
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 a
                 damp
                 upon
                 all
                 their
                 Hopes
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 *
                 General
                 Council
                 discerning
                 the
                 Tumult
                 and
                 distracting
                 Fears
                 among
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 made
                 an
                 Order
                 for
                 the
                 Inclosing
                 of
                 the
                 Isthmus
                 with
                 a
                 Wall
                 ;
                 and
                 thereupon
                 many
                 Hearts
                 and
                 Hands
                 joining
                 together
                 ,
                 the
                 Work
                 was
                 compleated
                 :
                 And
                 so
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 ,
                 defended
                 themselves
                 by
                 a
                 Wall
                 drawn
                 out
                 along
                 from
                 †
                 Lecheum
                 to
                 Cenchrea
                 *
                 Forty
                 Furlongs
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 now
                 the
                 Fleet
                 at
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 Mutiny
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 that
                 degree
                 of
                 Fear
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 would
                 obey
                 their
                 Officers
                 .
                 Themistocles
                 therefore
                 perceiving
                 that
                 Euribiades
                 ,
                 the
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 was
                 not
                 regarded
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Violence
                 of
                 the
                 Furious
                 Popularity
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 restrained
                 ;
                 and
                 considering
                 likewise
                 that
                 the
                 Straits
                 and
                 Difficulties
                 of
                 the
                 Places
                 at
                 Salamis
                 were
                 of
                 great
                 Advantage
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 obtain
                 the
                 Victory
                 ,
                 resolved
                 upon
                 this
                 Project
                 :
                 He
                 commanded
                 one
                 chosen
                 
                 out
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 to
                 go
                 privately
                 as
                 a
                 Deserter
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 to
                 let
                 him
                 know
                 that
                 the
                 Grecians
                 had
                 resolved
                 to
                 pass
                 over
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Fleet
                 from
                 Salamis
                 into
                 the
                 
                   Isthmus
                   .
                   Xerxes
                
                 gives
                 credit
                 to
                 what
                 was
                 related
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 thing
                 very
                 probable
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 resolved
                 with
                 all
                 haste
                 and
                 diligence
                 ,
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 Land
                 and
                 Sea-Forces
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 from
                 joining
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 purpose
                 commanded
                 the
                 Ships
                 he
                 had
                 from
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 to
                 possess
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 Straits
                 and
                 narrow
                 Seas
                 between
                 Salamis
                 and
                 Megaris
                 ,
                 and
                 orders
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Navy
                 to
                 make
                 for
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 without
                 delay
                 to
                 Fight
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 The
                 King's
                 Gallies
                 were
                 drawn
                 up
                 distinctly
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Natiòns
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 all
                 of
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Language
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 more
                 readily
                 aid
                 and
                 assist
                 one
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Fleet
                 setting
                 forth
                 in
                 this
                 Order
                 ,
                 the
                 Phaenicians
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Grecians
                 joyn'd
                 with
                 the
                 Persians
                 were
                 plac'd
                 in
                 the
                 Left.
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Ionians
                 sent
                 with
                 great
                 Secrecy
                 a
                 certain
                 Samian
                 unto
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 to
                 acquaint
                 them
                 what
                 the
                 King
                 determined
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 what
                 Method
                 and
                 order
                 all
                 things
                 were
                 hastning
                 forward
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 themselves
                 (
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Battel
                 was
                 join'd
                 )
                 were
                 resolved
                 to
                 desert
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 which
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Samian
                 had
                 thus
                 privily
                 discover'd
                 to
                 
                   Euribiades
                   ,
                   Themistocles
                
                 
                 (
                 his
                 Matters
                 succeeding
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Hearts
                 desire
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 contrived
                 ,
                 )
                 with
                 great
                 Joy
                 encourag'd
                 the
                 Navy
                 to
                 Fight
                 .
                 The
                 Grecians
                 recovering
                 their
                 Spirits
                 at
                 the
                 Message
                 sent
                 by
                 the
                 Ionians
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 stirred
                 up
                 with
                 fresh
                 hope
                 by
                 the
                 present
                 Circumstances
                 of
                 Affairs
                 to
                 Fight
                 )
                 against
                 their
                 former
                 Determinations
                 ,
                 loosed
                 from
                 Salamis
                 with
                 great
                 Resolution
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Fleet
                 being
                 disposed
                 in
                 order
                 of
                 Battel
                 by
                 Euribiades
                 and
                 Themistocles
                 ,
                 the
                 Left
                 Wing
                 was
                 committed
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 and
                 Athenians
                 against
                 the
                 Phenicians
                 ,
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Right
                 Wing
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Phenicians
                 were
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 in
                 great
                 Reputation
                 for
                 Maritime
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 their
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 their
                 singular
                 and
                 ancient
                 Skill
                 in
                 Navigation
                 .
                 The
                 †
                 Aegineans
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 of
                 Megara
                 ,
                 were
                 plac'd
                 in
                 the
                 Left
                 Wing
                 ,
                 for
                 these
                 were
                 conceived
                 (
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 best
                 Seamen
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 was
                 concluded
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 fight
                 with
                 the
                 greatest
                 Obstinacy
                 and
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 had
                 no
                 where
                 to
                 fly
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Grecians
                 for
                 Security
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 worst
                 .
                 The
                 middle
                 Battel
                 was
                 supplied
                 by
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
              
               
                 Things
                 being
                 thus
                 order'd
                 and
                 prepar'd
                 ,
                 they
                 forthwith
                 set
                 sail
                 and
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 Straits
                 and
                 Passages
                 between
                 Salamis
                 and
                 Heraclea
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 he
                 commanded
                 the
                 Admiral
                 of
                 his
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 that
                 without
                 any
                 stop
                 or
                 delay
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 plac'd
                 himself
                 upon
                 an
                 Eminence
                 over
                 against
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 he
                 might
                 see
                 all
                 the
                 Passages
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Persians
                 ,
                 indeed
                 at
                 the
                 First
                 ,
                 while
                 they
                 could
                 sail
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Seas
                 ,
                 every
                 
                 one
                 kept
                 his
                 station
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 began
                 to
                 enter
                 the
                 Straits
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 were
                 Forc'd
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Order
                 ,
                 which
                 occasion'd
                 a
                 great
                 Tumult
                 ,
                 and
                 Confusion
                 amongst
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 who
                 led
                 the
                 Van
                 ,
                 fell
                 in
                 First
                 with
                 great
                 Valour
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 sunk
                 at
                 the
                 First
                 Charge
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 Terror
                 seized
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ;
                 for
                 upon
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 the
                 Admiral
                 many
                 took
                 upon
                 e'm
                 to
                 command
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 out
                 several
                 and
                 different
                 Orders
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 durst
                 not
                 proceed
                 further
                 but
                 tackt
                 about
                 and
                 made
                 to
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Athenians
                 perceiving
                 the
                 Terror
                 and
                 Confusion
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 fiercely
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 ;
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 they
                 struck
                 through
                 with
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 their
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 and
                 brusht
                 off
                 the
                 Oars
                 of
                 others
                 :
                 And
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 Gallies
                 in
                 the
                 Flight
                 ,
                 lying
                 open
                 with
                 their
                 Broad-sides
                 to
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Ships
                 ,
                 by
                 multitude
                 of
                 strokes
                 were
                 pierc'd
                 through
                 and
                 through
                 ;
                 So
                 that
                 now
                 ,
                 not
                 having
                 time
                 to
                 turn
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 their
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 they
                 fled
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 they
                 could
                 with
                 their
                 *
                 Oars
                 revers'd
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Phenicians
                 ,
                 and
                 Cyprian
                 Ships
                 being
                 now
                 dispersed
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 to
                 Fly
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Cilicians
                   ,
                   Pamphylians
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Lycians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 next
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 fought
                 indeed
                 at
                 the
                 First
                 very
                 obstinately
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 stoutest
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 routed
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 away
                 ,
                 they
                 hasted
                 also
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Danger
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 other
                 Wing
                 ,
                 the
                 Fight
                 was
                 for
                 some
                 small
                 time
                 doubtful
                 ,
                 the
                 Contest
                 being
                 vigorous
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Phenicians
                 and
                 Cyprians
                 being
                 driven
                 a-shoar
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Athenians
                 making
                 Head
                 upon
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 Shock
                 ,
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 lost
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 in
                 the
                 Flight
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 noble
                 Grecians
                 got
                 a
                 glorious
                 Victory
                 at
                 Sea
                 over
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 this
                 Battel
                 ,
                 Forty
                 Ships
                 of
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Fleet
                 were
                 lost
                 ;
                 but
                 above
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Gallies
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 were
                 sunk
                 ,
                 besides
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 taken
                 with
                 their
                 Ships
                 and
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 King
                 being
                 thus
                 unexpectedly
                 overcome
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Rage
                 slew
                 the
                 Phenicians
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 fled
                 ;
                 threatning
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 due
                 time
                 he
                 would
                 measure
                 out
                 Punishments
                 for
                 them
                 proportionable
                 to
                 their
                 Demerits
                 ;
                 who
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 the
                 King's
                 Threats
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 made
                 for
                 Attica
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Night
                 following
                 they
                 sailed
                 into
                 Asia
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 Themistocles
                 ,
                 justly
                 esteem'd
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 this
                 Victory
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 contrives
                 
                 another
                 Stratagem
                 not
                 inferior
                 to
                 the
                 former
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Grecians
                 being
                 terrified
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 daring
                 to
                 fight
                 at
                 Land
                 against
                 so
                 many
                 Thousands
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 he
                 thus
                 diminishes
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 sends
                 his
                 Childrens
                 School-master
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 with
                 Instructions
                 to
                 acquaint
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Grecians
                 were
                 hasting
                 with
                 their
                 Fleet
                 to
                 the
                 Bridge
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 pull
                 
                 it
                 down
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Message
                 thè
                 King
                 believ'd
                 ,
                 as
                 very
                 probable
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 terrible
                 Fright
                 ,
                 lest
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 then
                 the
                 whole
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Seas
                 ,
                 should
                 block
                 up
                 his
                 Passage
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 return
                 ;
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 therefore
                 to
                 be
                 gone
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 leave
                 Mardonius
                 behind
                 him
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 both
                 of
                 Horse
                 and
                 Foot
                 ,
                 consisting
                 of
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Four
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 Men.
                 These
                 Two
                 pieces
                 of
                 Military
                 Policy
                 contriv'd
                 by
                 Themistocles
                 ,
                 crown'd
                 the
                 Grecians
                 with
                 the
                 renown
                 of
                 Two
                 glorious
                 Victories
                 :
                 And
                 thus
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Greece
                 .
                 But
                 now
                 having
                 declared
                 sufficient
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 ,
                 the
                 things
                 that
                 were
                 transacted
                 in
                 Europe
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 go
                 on
                 to
                 those
                 done
                 elsewhere
                 in
                 Foreign
                 Parts
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 II.
                 
              
               
                 
                   How
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   invaded
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   and
                   were
                   routed
                   by
                   Gelon
                   .
                
              
               
                 THE
                 Carthaginians
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 before
                 agreed
                 between
                 them
                 and
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Greeks
                 in
                 Sicily
                 )
                 had
                 made
                 great
                 preparation
                 for
                 War
                 :
                 And
                 now
                 all
                 things
                 being
                 in
                 readiness
                 ,
                 they
                 chose
                 Amil●●r
                 General
                 of
                 their
                 Army
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 Authority
                 amongst
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 both
                 with
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 Forces
                 ,
                 looses
                 from
                 Carthage
                 .
                 The
                 Land
                 Army
                 was
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Fleet
                 above
                 Two
                 Thousand
                 Sail
                 ,
                 besides
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 for
                 the
                 carrying
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 above
                 Three
                 Thousand
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Sailing
                 through
                 the
                 Libian
                 Sea
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 a
                 Storm
                 ,
                 he
                 lost
                 his
                 Ships
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 Horses
                 and
                 Chariots
                 were
                 on
                 Board
                 :
                 And
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 
                 to
                 Pannormus
                 ,
                 the
                 Port
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 heard
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 now
                 an
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 much
                 afraid
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 by
                 the
                 favour
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 had
                 escaped
                 the
                 Danger
                 .
                 There
                 he
                 lay
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Three
                 Days
                 ,
                 refreshing
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 repairing
                 his
                 Ships
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 marched
                 by
                 Land
                 against
                 Himera
                 ,
                 his
                 Fleet
                 sailing
                 over
                 against
                 him
                 near
                 the
                 Shoar
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 plac'd
                 his
                 Army
                 in
                 Two
                 Camps
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 one
                 his
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 his
                 Naval
                 Forces
                 .
                 Under
                 all
                 his
                 Long
                 Ships
                 or
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 he
                 caus'd
                 deep
                 Trenches
                 to
                 be
                 drawn
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 barracado'd
                 round
                 with
                 Timber
                 .
                 His
                 Land
                 Forces
                 he
                 encamped
                 in
                 Front
                 ,
                 over
                 against
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 Extending
                 the
                 Fortifications
                 from
                 the
                 Barracado
                 of
                 his
                 other
                 Camp
                 to
                 the
                 Hills
                 that
                 overtopt
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 thus
                 blockt
                 up
                 the
                 Place
                 on
                 the
                 West
                 side
                 ,
                 he
                 unladed
                 all
                 the
                 Ships
                 of
                 Burden
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Meat
                 and
                 Provision
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 away
                 what
                 Ships
                 he
                 had
                 left
                 ,
                 for
                 Corn
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 other
                 Provision
                 and
                 Victuals
                 they
                 could
                 buy
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 him
                 from
                 Africa
                 and
                 Sardinia
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 himself
                 march'd
                 towards
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 a
                 choice
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 routed
                 the
                 Himerians
                 that
                 came
                 sorth
                 to
                 oppose
                 him
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 struck
                 a
                 great
                 Terror
                 into
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 .
              
               
                 Hereupon
                 Theron
                 Prince
                 of
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 aid
                 sufficient
                 with
                 him
                 for
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 Himera
                 ;
                 yet
                 being
                 now
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Fright
                 ,
                 sent
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 to
                 Gelon
                 for
                 Succours
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 prepared
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 beforehand
                 ,
                 and
                 understanding
                 the
                 fear
                 the
                 Himerians
                 were
                 in
                 ,
                 without
                 delay
                 ,
                 marched
                 out
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 with
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Fifty
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 swift
                 March
                 came
                 to
                 Himera
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 he
                 reviv'd
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 the
                 Himerians
                 ,
                 and
                 freed
                 them
                 from
                 all
                 Fear
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Army
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 encamped
                 near
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 fortified
                 himself
                 both
                 with
                 a
                 Wall
                 and
                 deep
                 Trench
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 sent
                 forth
                 all
                 his
                 Horse
                 to
                 seek
                 out
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 dispersed
                 ,
                 forraging
                 all
                 over
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 These
                 Horse
                 setting
                 upon
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 roving
                 and
                 disorderly
                 dispers'd
                 ,
                 took
                 as
                 many
                 Prisoners
                 as
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 could
                 carry
                 back
                 ;
                 for
                 above
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 were
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 By
                 which
                 Exploit
                 ,
                 the
                 Authority
                 and
                 Glory
                 of
                 Gelon
                 was
                 much
                 advanc'd
                 ;
                 and
                 now
                 the
                 Himertans
                 began
                 to
                 contemn
                 their
                 Adversaries
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 (
                 with
                 no
                 less
                 courage
                 )
                 he
                 perform'd
                 other
                 things
                 ;
                 for
                 all
                 the
                 Gates
                 that
                 Thero
                 before
                 (
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 )
                 had
                 built
                 ,
                 he
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 Hand
                 (
                 in
                 contempt
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 )
                 caused
                 to
                 be
                 pull'd
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 the
                 Place
                 with
                 others
                 that
                 were
                 of
                 absolute
                 necessity
                 .
                 To
                 sum
                 up
                 all
                 ,
                 Gelon
                 being
                 an
                 expert
                 
                 Soldier
                 ,
                 and
                 prudent
                 in
                 Management
                 ,
                 set
                 his
                 Head
                 at
                 work
                 how
                 he
                 might
                 by
                 some
                 Stratagem
                 deceive
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 and
                 destroy
                 their
                 Forces
                 without
                 any
                 Danger
                 to
                 himself
                 or
                 his
                 Army
                 :
                 Which
                 Device
                 of
                 his
                 was
                 much
                 forwarded
                 by
                 an
                 Accident
                 that
                 then
                 happen'd
                 ,
                 for
                 as
                 things
                 then
                 stood
                 ,
                 resolving
                 upon
                 burning
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 it
                 fortun'd
                 Amilcar
                 being
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 Camp
                 with
                 his
                 Navy
                 ,
                 preparing
                 for
                 a
                 great
                 Festival
                 Day
                 to
                 Neptune
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Horse-men
                 brought
                 to
                 Gelon
                 a
                 C●●rier
                 taken
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 who
                 brought
                 Letters
                 from
                 the
                 Selim●●t●ans
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 was
                 written
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 send
                 the
                 Horse-men
                 to
                 him
                 at
                 the
                 Day
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 appointed
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 Day
                 whereon
                 he
                 had
                 determin'd
                 the
                 Sacrifice
                 Upon
                 the
                 same
                 Day
                 therefore
                 Gelon
                 sends
                 Horse-men
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 commanding
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 conveying
                 themselves
                 privately
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 to
                 Places
                 nearest
                 
                 and
                 most
                 convenient
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 Day
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 go
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Naval
                 Camp
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 Selinutian
                 Confederates
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 receiv'd
                 within
                 the
                 Wall
                 and
                 Fortification
                 ,
                 should
                 first
                 kill
                 Amilcar
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 set
                 Fire
                 to
                 the
                 Ships
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 gave
                 moreover
                 in
                 Charge
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 as
                 Spies
                 upon
                 the
                 next
                 Hills
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Horsemen
                 were
                 admitted
                 into
                 the
                 Fortification
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 give
                 notice
                 of
                 it
                 by
                 lifting
                 up
                 the
                 Sign
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 himself
                 at
                 Break
                 of
                 Day
                 (
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 drawn
                 up
                 )
                 waited
                 when
                 the
                 Sign
                 would
                 be
                 given
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Horse
                 being
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 Camp
                 about
                 Sun-Rising
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 admitted
                 by
                 the
                 Watch
                 for
                 Confederates
                 ;
                 being
                 entered
                 ,
                 without
                 delay
                 they
                 make
                 up
                 with
                 a
                 fierce
                 Charge
                 to
                 Amilcar
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 Sacrificing
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 killed
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 fired
                 the
                 Ships
                 .
                 And
                 presently
                 the
                 Sign
                 being
                 given
                 by
                 the
                 Spies
                 ,
                 Gelo
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ,
                 fell
                 into
                 the
                 Camp
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Officers
                 presently
                 drew
                 forth
                 all
                 their
                 Forces
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Camp
                 to
                 encounter
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 Ensigns
                 advanc'd
                 ,
                 fought
                 with
                 great
                 obstinacy
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Trumpets
                 in
                 both
                 Armies
                 sounded
                 a
                 Charge
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Emulation
                 each
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 exceed
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 Noise
                 and
                 Clamour
                 .
                 In
                 conclusion
                 ,
                 great
                 was
                 the
                 Slaughter
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 with
                 little
                 or
                 no
                 advantage
                 to
                 either
                 ;
                 when
                 presently
                 the
                 Flame
                 mounting
                 up
                 from
                 the
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 News
                 brought
                 of
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 the
                 General
                 ,
                 the
                 Grecians
                 (
                 now
                 encouraged
                 )
                 doubled
                 their
                 Shouts
                 ,
                 in
                 certain
                 hope
                 ,
                 and
                 confidence
                 of
                 Victory
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 altogether
                 discouraged
                 
                 and
                 in
                 Despair
                 ,
                 betook
                 themselves
                 to
                 Flight
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 Gelo
                 had
                 commanded
                 that
                 no
                 Prisoners
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 ,
                 the
                 Slaughter
                 in
                 the
                 Pursuit
                 was
                 very
                 grievous
                 ;
                 at
                 last
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Thousand
                 were
                 Slain
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 gain'd
                 a
                 Place
                 by
                 Nature
                 Fortify'd
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 gave
                 the
                 first
                 stop
                 to
                 the
                 Fury
                 of
                 the
                 Pursuers
                 :
                 But
                 because
                 they
                 wanted
                 Water
                 (
                 through
                 Extremity
                 of
                 Thirst
                 )
                 they
                 were
                 forced
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Conqueror's
                 Mercy
                 .
              
               
                 Gelo's
                 Name
                 was
                 now
                 renown'd
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Victory
                 obtain'd
                 meerly
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 prudent
                 Contrivance
                 ;
                 and
                 his
                 Praise
                 was
                 advanc'd
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Heavens
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 by
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 all
                 others
                 .
                 For
                 I
                 may
                 truly
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 have
                 no
                 History
                 of
                 any
                 General
                 ,
                 that
                 ever
                 before
                 him
                 put
                 in
                 Execution
                 ,
                 so
                 prudent
                 and
                 remarkable
                 a
                 Stratagem
                 ;
                 or
                 ever
                 slew
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 in
                 one
                 Battel
                 ,
                 or
                 took
                 so
                 many
                 Prisoners
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 some
                 Writers
                 account
                 this
                 Battel
                 nothing
                 inferior
                 to
                 the
                 
                 Fight
                 by
                 the
                 Grecians
                 at
                 Patea
                 ,
                 and
                 equal
                 this
                 Project
                 of
                 Gelo
                 to
                 the
                 Contrivances
                 and
                 Intreagues
                 of
                 Themistocles
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 highest
                 Commendations
                 (
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 both
                 so
                 remarkable
                 and
                 eminent
                 )
                 are
                 by
                 some
                 attributed
                 to
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 others
                 to
                 that
                 .
                 For
                 whereas
                 both
                 the
                 Greeks
                 and
                 Sicilians
                 before
                 Fighting
                 ,
                 were
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 the
                 News
                 of
                 Gelo's
                 Victory
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 first
                 prevailing
                 )
                 inspired
                 the
                 Grecians
                 with
                 greater
                 Courage
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Fortune
                 of
                 the
                 Generals
                 on
                 either
                 side
                 was
                 much
                 different
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 's
                 most
                 certain
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Persian
                 King
                 with
                 many
                 Thousands
                 more
                 escaped
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 Generals
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 all
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 were
                 so
                 slaughtered
                 and
                 destroyed
                 ,
                 that
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 reported
                 )
                 not
                 one
                 escaped
                 to
                 Carthage
                 to
                 carry
                 the
                 News
                 of
                 the
                 Defeat
                 .
                 Add
                 moreover
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 most
                 Noble
                 of
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 Pausanius
                 and
                 Themistocles
                 ,
                 were
                 most
                 unworthily
                 dealt
                 with
                 ,
                 even
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Countrymen
                 ;
                 the
                 one
                 for
                 his
                 Covetousness
                 and
                 Treason
                 ,
                 was
                 killed
                 by
                 his
                 Fellow
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 (
                 Banished
                 Greece
                 )
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fly
                 to
                 his
                 greatest
                 Enemy
                 Xerxes
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 live
                 in
                 Exile
                 .
                 Gelo
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 (
                 after
                 his
                 Success
                 ,
                 advanced
                 to
                 more
                 
                 Honour
                 by
                 the
                 Love
                 and
                 Favour
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Syracusians
                   ,
                
                 )
                 reigned
                 till
                 he
                 was
                 old
                 ,
                 and
                 died
                 admired
                 and
                 honoured
                 of
                 all
                 .
                 And
                 such
                 was
                 the
                 Esteem
                 and
                 grateful
                 Remembrance
                 the
                 Citizens
                 had
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 entire
                 Government
                 was
                 continued
                 in
                 his
                 Family
                 Three
                 Descents
                 .
                 Those
                 therefore
                 who
                 have
                 thus
                 highly
                 merited
                 ,
                 challenge
                 from
                 us
                 likewise
                 their
                 due
                 Honour
                 and
                 Praise
                 .
                 But
                 to
                 return
                 where
                 we
                 left
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Day
                 that
                 Gelo
                 routed
                 the
                 
                   Carthaginians
                   ,
                   Leonidas
                
                 at
                 Thermopyle
                 with
                 his
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 broke
                 into
                 the
                 Camp
                 of
                 Xerxes
                 with
                 more
                 than
                 ordinary
                 Valour
                 ;
                 as
                 if
                 the
                 Gods
                 on
                 purpose
                 had
                 contrived
                 and
                 effected
                 at
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 moment
                 of
                 time
                 ,
                 a
                 glorious
                 Victory
                 in
                 one
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 honourable
                 Death
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 in
                 another
                 .
              
               
               
                 After
                 the
                 Fight
                 at
                 Himera
                 ,
                 Twenty
                 Long
                 Ships
                 ,
                 which
                 Amilcar
                 had
                 †
                 drawn
                 out
                 ,
                 occasionally
                 for
                 necessary
                 Services
                 ,
                 made
                 their
                 Escape
                 ,
                 and
                 only
                 they
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 made
                 an
                 Attempt
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 being
                 either
                 Kill'd
                 or
                 Taken
                 .
                 But
                 being
                 overloaded
                 with
                 the
                 Multitude
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 meeting
                 with
                 cross
                 Winds
                 and
                 Tempests
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 all
                 Shipwrackt
                 and
                 lost
                 ,
                 save
                 only
                 a
                 few
                 that
                 escaped
                 in
                 a
                 small
                 Boat
                 ,
                 and
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Carthage
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 with
                 a
                 doleful
                 Cry
                 ,
                 declared
                 how
                 all
                 the
                 Army
                 that
                 was
                 carry'd
                 over
                 into
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 was
                 destroy'd
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 were
                 so
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 the
                 unexpected
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 their
                 Men
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 all
                 watcht
                 Night
                 and
                 Day
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Guard
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 Gelo
                 had
                 been
                 just
                 then
                 ready
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 Carthage
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 .
                 The
                 number
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 Slain
                 ,
                 affected
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 with
                 Lamentations
                 ;
                 and
                 private
                 Houses
                 and
                 Families
                 were
                 full
                 of
                 Tears
                 and
                 Complaints
                 ;
                 while
                 some
                 enquired
                 after
                 their
                 Children
                 ,
                 others
                 after
                 their
                 Brothers
                 :
                 A
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Orphans
                 now
                 bereft
                 of
                 their
                 Parents
                 ,
                 with
                 miserable
                 Cries
                 ,
                 bewailed
                 both
                 their
                 Deaths
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 own
                 Misery
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 now
                 left
                 naked
                 and
                 destitute
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 should
                 take
                 care
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 therefore
                 fearing
                 lest
                 Gelo
                 should
                 hasten
                 into
                 Africa
                 ,
                 sent
                 unto
                 him
                 Plenipotentiaries
                 ,
                 Men
                 both
                 of
                 great
                 Eloquence
                 and
                 Discretion
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 he
                 honourably
                 rewarded
                 the
                 Horsemen
                 that
                 destroy'd
                 Amilcar
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 all
                 others
                 that
                 had
                 done
                 any
                 remarkable
                 Service
                 ,
                 he
                 bestow'd
                 the
                 Marks
                 of
                 his
                 Favour
                 .
                 The
                 chiefest
                 of
                 the
                 Spoils
                 ,
                 he
                 kept
                 himself
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 intent
                 to
                 Dedicate
                 them
                 as
                 Ornaments
                 to
                 the
                 Temples
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 :
                 Many
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 he
                 gave
                 to
                 be
                 set
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Temples
                 of
                 the
                 Himereans
                 :
                 What
                 remain'd
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Captives
                 ,
                 he
                 distributed
                 amongst
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 proportionably
                 to
                 every
                 one's
                 Merit
                 .
                 And
                 those
                 Captives
                 that
                 fell
                 to
                 the
                 share
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 all
                 those
                 Places
                 (
                 with
                 their
                 Legs
                 shackl'd
                 )
                 imploy'd
                 in
                 publick
                 Works
                 for
                 the
                 Common
                 Good.
                 They
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 having
                 gotten
                 many
                 Captives
                 for
                 their
                 share
                 ,
                 enriched
                 both
                 their
                 City
                 and
                 Country
                 round
                 about
                 with
                 their
                 Labours
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 had
                 so
                 many
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 private
                 Citizens
                 had
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 a-piece
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 the
                 Multitude
                 of
                 their
                 Captives
                 and
                 Slaves
                 was
                 advanced
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 because
                 
                 they
                 sent
                 great
                 Assistance
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 by
                 reason
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 when
                 their
                 Army
                 was
                 routed
                 ,
                 fled
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Mid-land
                 and
                 Borders
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 all
                 taken
                 alive
                 ,
                 fill'd
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 Prisoners
                 .
                 The
                 greatest
                 part
                 were
                 set
                 apart
                 for
                 the
                 Publick
                 Service
                 ,
                 and
                 appointed
                 to
                 cut
                 and
                 hew
                 Stone
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 they
                 not
                 only
                 built
                 the
                 greatest
                 of
                 their
                 Temples
                 ,
                 but
                 made
                 Water-courses
                 or
                 Sinks
                 under-ground
                 ,
                 to
                 convey
                 Water
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 so
                 great
                 and
                 wide
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 the
                 Work
                 it self
                 was
                 contemptible
                 ,
                 yet
                 when
                 done
                 and
                 seen
                 ,
                 was
                 worthy
                 of
                 Admiration
                 .
                 The
                 Overseer
                 and
                 Master
                 of
                 the
                 Work
                 ,
                 was
                 one
                 Pheax
                 ,
                 an
                 excellent
                 Artificer
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 these
                 Conduits
                 were
                 called
                 Pheaces
                 .
                 The
                 Agrigentines
                 likewise
                 sunk
                 a
                 Fish-Pond
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 Costs
                 and
                 Expences
                 ,
                 Seven
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 Compass
                 ,
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Cubits
                 in
                 Depth
                 .
              
               
                 Into
                 this
                 ,
                 Water
                 was
                 brought
                 both
                 from
                 Fountains
                 and
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 sufficiently
                 supplied
                 with
                 Fish
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 Food
                 and
                 Pleasure
                 .
                 
                 And
                 upon
                 this
                 Pond
                 ,
                 fell
                 and
                 rested
                 great
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 Swans
                 ,
                 which
                 gave
                 a
                 most
                 pleasant
                 and
                 delightful
                 prospect
                 to
                 the
                 Eye
                 ;
                 but
                 by
                 neglect
                 of
                 succeeding
                 Ages
                 ,
                 it
                 grew
                 up
                 with
                 Mud
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 through
                 length
                 of
                 Time
                 ,
                 turned
                 wholly
                 into
                 dry
                 Ground
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Soil
                 there
                 being
                 very
                 fat
                 and
                 rich
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 planted
                 it
                 with
                 Vines
                 ,
                 and
                 replenished
                 it
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 which
                 yields
                 to
                 them
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 ,
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 Revenue
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Gelo
                 had
                 dismiss'd
                 his
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 he
                 marched
                 back
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 for
                 his
                 notable
                 Victory
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 only
                 had
                 in
                 great
                 Honour
                 and
                 Esteem
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 got
                 so
                 many
                 Prisoners
                 and
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Island
                 seem'd
                 to
                 have
                 all
                 Africa
                 under
                 her
                 Dominion
                 .
              
               
                 Ambassadors
                 came
                 continually
                 from
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 and
                 Princes
                 of
                 the
                 Adverse
                 Party
                 ,
                 begging
                 Pardon
                 for
                 their
                 Error
                 ,
                 and
                 promising
                 Observance
                 to
                 all
                 his
                 Commands
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 for
                 Gelo
                 ,
                 he
                 carry'd
                 himself
                 with
                 great
                 Complacency
                 
                 
                 towards
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 his
                 Prosperity
                 ,
                 behav'd
                 himself
                 with
                 great
                 Modesty
                 and
                 †
                 Humanity
                 ;
                 not
                 only
                 towards
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 towards
                 his
                 most
                 implacable
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 when
                 Embassadours
                 came
                 from
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 with
                 many
                 Tears
                 begging
                 his
                 Favour
                 ,
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 them
                 very
                 *
                 Courteously
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 upon
                 Condition
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 pay
                 Two
                 Thousand
                 Talents
                 of
                 Silver
                 for
                 the
                 Expences
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 build
                 †
                 Two
                 Temples
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Articles
                 of
                 the
                 League
                 might
                 be
                 kept
                 as
                 Sacred
                 .
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 being
                 thus
                 safe
                 beyond
                 their
                 hopes
                 ,
                 freely
                 consented
                 to
                 the
                 Demands
                 ,
                 and
                 promised
                 a
                 Crown
                 of
                 Gold
                 to
                 Damareta
                 ,
                 the
                 Wife
                 of
                 Gelo
                 :
                 For
                 by
                 making
                 their
                 Addresses
                 unto
                 her
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 chiefly
                 instrumental
                 for
                 the
                 procuring
                 of
                 the
                 Peace
                 .
                 And
                 after
                 she
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Crown
                 from
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 of
                 the
                 value
                 of
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Talents
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 Gelo
                 coin'd
                 it
                 into
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 it
                 from
                 her
                 ,
                 Damaret●●um
                 ,
                 every
                 Piece
                 worth
                 Ten
                 *
                 Attick
                 Drachmas
                 ,
                 called
                 likewise
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Sicilians
                   ,
                   Pentecontralitrons
                
                 ,
                 from
                 their
                 being
                 Fifty
                 Pounds
                 in
                 weight
                 .
              
               
                 Gelo
                 carry'd
                 himself
                 thus
                 graciously
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 chiefly
                 prompted
                 thereunto
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 generous
                 Disposition
                 ,
                 yet
                 not
                 without
                 some
                 Design
                 to
                 engage
                 all
                 by
                 Kindness
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 purpose
                 to
                 pass
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 over
                 into
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 joyn
                 with
                 them
                 against
                 the
                 Persians
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 ready
                 to
                 transport
                 his
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 Messengers
                 from
                 Corinth
                 brought
                 him
                 the
                 News
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 by
                 the
                 Grecians
                 at
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Xerxes
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 had
                 left
                 Europe
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 News
                 he
                 altered
                 his
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 and
                 commending
                 the
                 forwardness
                 of
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 called
                 a
                 General
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Command
                 that
                 all
                 should
                 meet
                 Arm'd
                 :
                 He
                 himself
                 when
                 the
                 Assembly
                 was
                 met
                 ,
                 came
                 in
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 without
                 any
                 Arms
                 ,
                 but
                 without
                 a
                 †
                 Tunick
                 ,
                 covered
                 only
                 with
                 a
                 Cloak
                 or
                 Mantle
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 Speech
                 set
                 forth
                 the
                 whole
                 Course
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 and
                 Actions
                 to
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ;
                 the
                 People
                 giving
                 evident
                 Testimony
                 of
                 their
                 Approbation
                 to
                 every
                 Word
                 that
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 and
                 admiring
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 so
                 expose
                 himself
                 amongst
                 Armed
                 Men
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Will
                 of
                 every
                 Person
                 that
                 might
                 have
                 a
                 Design
                 against
                 his
                 Life
                 ;
                 every
                 one
                 was
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 offering
                 him
                 any
                 Violence
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 oppressed
                 them
                 ,
                 .
                 that
                 all
                 with
                 one
                 Voice
                 proclaim'd
                 him
                 their
                 Benefactor
                 ,
                 their
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Deliverer
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 he
                 built
                 Two
                 Magnificent
                 Temples
                 ,
                 one
                 to
                 Ceres
                 ,
                 and
                 another
                 to
                 Proserpina
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Spoils
                 :
                 And
                 caused
                 a
                 *
                 Tripode
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 Sixteen
                 Talents
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 dedicated
                 as
                 a
                 Token
                 of
                 his
                 Gratitude
                 to
                 Apollo
                 at
                 Delphos
                 .
                 He
                 afterwards
                 determin'd
                 to
                 build
                 a
                 Temple
                 to
                 Ceres
                 in
                 Mount
                 Etna
                 ,
                 which
                 so
                 far
                 proceeded
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 Image
                 of
                 the
                 Deity
                 was
                 placed
                 in
                 her
                 Shrine
                 ;
                 but
                 by
                 Death
                 he
                 was
                 interrupted
                 in
                 his
                 Design
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Work
                 left
                 imperfect
                 .
                 
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 Pindar
                 the
                 Lyrick
                 Poet
                 flourished
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 are
                 all
                 the
                 things
                 that
                 were
                 done
                 this
                 Year
                 worthy
                 of
                 any
                 Remark
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 III.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Victory
                   of
                   the
                   Greeks
                   over
                   Mardonius
                   at
                   Platea
                   .
                
              
               
                 XAnthippus
                 being
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Quintus
                   Fabius
                   Vibulanus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Serrius
                   Cornelius
                   Cossus
                   ,
                   Roman
                
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 the
                 Persian
                 Fleet
                 (
                 all
                 but
                 the
                 Phaenicians
                 )
                 after
                 
                 the
                 Battel
                 at
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 lay
                 about
                 Cuma
                 :
                 And
                 there
                 continuing
                 all
                 Winter
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Spring
                 passed
                 over
                 to
                 Samos
                 to
                 guard
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Ionia
                 :
                 The
                 Fleet
                 consisted
                 of
                 Four
                 Hundred
                 Sail
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 jealous
                 of
                 the
                 Ionians
                 ,
                 they
                 kept
                 a
                 strict
                 Eye
                 upon
                 the
                 Cities
                 there
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Greece
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 great
                 Success
                 of
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 chiefly
                 owing
                 to
                 the
                 Valour
                 and
                 Conduct
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 all
                 were
                 of
                 Opinion
                 that
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 bering
                 lifted
                 up
                 )
                 would
                 now
                 contend
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 for
                 the
                 Dominion
                 of
                 the
                 Seas
                 :
                 And
                 this
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 foresaw
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 used
                 all
                 their
                 Arts
                 and
                 Endeavours
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 under
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 that
                 reason
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 to
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 the
                 Noble
                 Actions
                 in
                 that
                 Fight
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 distribute
                 Rewards
                 accordingly
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 prevailed
                 by
                 their
                 Interest
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 the
                 Day
                 should
                 be
                 given
                 to
                 them
                 of
                 Aegina
                 ,
                 and
                 among
                 the
                 Athenians
                 to
                 Amynias
                 ,
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Aesculus
                 the
                 Poet
                 ;
                 because
                 that
                 he
                 being
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 first
                 charg'd
                 the
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 and
                 sunk
                 both
                 him
                 and
                 his
                 Ship
                 together
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 Athenians
                 shewed
                 their
                 Resentment
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 undeservedly
                 
                 slighted
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 were
                 afraid
                 ,
                 lest
                 Themistocles
                 (
                 being
                 provoked
                 with
                 the
                 Indignity
                 )
                 should
                 contrive
                 some
                 considerable
                 Mischief
                 against
                 them
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 :
                 Therefore
                 to
                 stop
                 his
                 Mouth
                 ,
                 they
                 rewarded
                 him
                 doubly
                 above
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 understood
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 accepted
                 what
                 was
                 given
                 him
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 much
                 incens'd
                 ,
                 and
                 remov'd
                 him
                 from
                 his
                 Place
                 as
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 Xanthippus
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Family
                 of
                 Ariphron
                 ,
                 into
                 his
                 stead
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Distaste
                 given
                 by
                 the
                 Grecians
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 being
                 spread
                 Abroad
                 ,
                 Embassadors
                 came
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 both
                 from
                 the
                 Persians
                 and
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
                 The
                 Persian
                 Embassadors
                 spoke
                 to
                 this
                 effect
                 :
                 
                   That
                   if
                   the
                   Athenians
                   would
                   side
                   with
                   the
                   Persians
                   ;
                   they
                   should
                   have
                   what
                   part
                   of
                   Greece
                   they
                   would
                   chuse
                   ;
                   that
                   Mardonius
                   the
                   Persian
                   General
                   would
                   rebuild
                   their
                   Walls
                   and
                   their
                   Temples
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   City
                   should
                   have
                   and
                   enjoy
                   its
                   former
                   Laws
                   and
                   Liberties
                   .
                   On
                   the
                   other
                   Hand
                   ,
                   the
                   Lacedemonian
                   Embassadors
                   earnestly
                   intreated
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   would
                   not
                   make
                   any
                   League
                   with
                   the
                   Barbarians
                   ,
                   but
                   preserve
                   their
                   ancient
                   Amity
                   with
                   the
                   Grecians
                   ,
                   being
                   so
                   near
                   one
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   both
                   in
                   Nation
                   and
                   Language
                   .
                
              
               
                 To
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 the
                 Athenians
                 gave
                 this
                 Return
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Persian
                   had
                   no
                   Country
                   so
                   rich
                   ,
                   nor
                   Gold
                   so
                   heavy
                   ,
                   which
                   could
                   tempt
                   them
                   to
                   forsake
                   their
                   Confederates
                   the
                   Grecians
                   in
                   their
                   necessity
                   .
                   And
                   to
                   the
                   Lacedemonians
                   they
                   commanded
                   Answer
                   to
                   be
                   given
                   ,
                   That
                   as
                   heretofore
                   their
                   care
                   had
                   been
                   to
                   preserve
                   Greece
                   ,
                   so
                   for
                   the
                   future
                   to
                   their
                   utmost
                   Endeavour
                   they
                   would
                   defend
                   it
                   .
                   And
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   ,
                   desired
                   that
                   they
                   would
                   forthwith
                   with
                   all
                   their
                   Forces
                   pass
                   into
                   Attica
                   ,
                   in
                   regard
                   it
                   was
                   very
                   apparent
                   ,
                   that
                   Mardonius
                   when
                   he
                   came
                   to
                   understand
                   the
                   Athenians
                   to
                   be
                   so
                   Resolved
                   against
                   him
                   ,
                   would
                   invade
                   Athens
                   with
                   all
                   his
                   Force
                
                 :
                 And
                 so
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 pass
                 ;
                 for
                 Mardonius
                 Encamping
                 in
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 first
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 draw
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Peleponesus
                 to
                 a
                 Defection
                 ,
                 by
                 sending
                 Monies
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 to
                 the
                 Governors
                 and
                 Chief
                 Men.
                 And
                 after
                 when
                 he
                 received
                 the
                 Answer
                 return'd
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 he
                 rag'd
                 like
                 a
                 Mad
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 marched
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Attica
                 :
                 For
                 besides
                 those
                 which
                 Xerxes
                 left
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 many
                 out
                 of
                 Thrace
                 and
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Confederate
                 Cities
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 and
                 upwards
                 .
              
               
               
                 And
                 now
                 Attica
                 being
                 invaded
                 by
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Multitude
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 sent
                 
                 Messengers
                 to
                 the
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 and
                 desired
                 their
                 Aid
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 so
                 slow
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 violently
                 broke
                 in
                 upon
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 reduced
                 to
                 great
                 Streights
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 a
                 Second
                 time
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 that
                 they
                 could
                 in
                 that
                 Distraction
                 and
                 Hurry
                 carry
                 away
                 ,
                 left
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 fled
                 to
                 Salamis
                 .
              
               
                 Mardonius
                 greatly
                 inrag'd
                 ,
                 destroy'd
                 and
                 wasted
                 all
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 levelling
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 utterly
                 demolished
                 all
                 the
                 Temples
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 untouch'd
                 in
                 the
                 former
                 Desolation
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 his
                 returning
                 thus
                 to
                 Athens
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 determined
                 in
                 the
                 
                 general
                 *
                 Assembly
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 all
                 join
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 march
                 to
                 Platea
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 join
                 Battel
                 with
                 the
                 Persians
                 for
                 the
                 Liberty
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 And
                 made
                 Solemn
                 Vows
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 became
                 Victors
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 celebrate
                 and
                 set
                 apart
                 a
                 Festival
                 Day
                 ,
                 and
                 institute
                 Sports
                 to
                 the
                 Goddess
                 Libertas
                 at
                 Platea
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 the
                 General
                 Rendezvous
                 in
                 Peleponesus
                 ,
                 they
                 took
                 an
                 Oath
                 to
                 oblige
                 one
                 another
                 to
                 the
                 Prosecution
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 their
                 League
                 might
                 be
                 inviolably
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 all
                 Difficulties
                 might
                 be
                 undergone
                 with
                 undaunted
                 Courage
                 .
                 The
                 Form
                 of
                 the
                 Oath
                 was
                 thus
                 ,
                 —
                 
                   I
                   will
                   not
                   prefer
                   Life
                   before
                   Liberty
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   I
                   will
                   not
                   desert
                   my
                   Officers
                   ,
                   whether
                   they
                   live
                   or
                   dye
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   I
                   will
                   bury
                   my
                   Fellow-Souldiers
                   that
                   shall
                   fall
                   in
                   the
                   War
                   ,
                   how
                   many
                   soever
                   they
                   may
                   be
                   .
                   If
                   I
                   be
                   victorious
                   in
                   this
                   War
                   ,
                   I
                   will
                   not
                   destroy
                   or
                   spoil
                   any
                   City
                   of
                   my
                   Confederates
                   .
                   I
                   will
                   not
                   rebuild
                   any
                   of
                   the
                   Temples
                   that
                   are
                   burnt
                   or
                   ruin'd
                   ,
                   but
                   leave
                   them
                   as
                   Monuments
                   of
                   the
                   Impiety
                   of
                   the
                
                 Barbarians
                 
                   to
                   Posterity
                
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 they
                 had
                 thus
                 sworn
                 ,
                 they
                 march'd
                 over
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Citharon
                 into
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 and
                 incamp'd
                 at
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 the
                 Hill
                 ,
                 near
                 the
                 City
                 
                   Erythra
                   .
                   Aristides
                
                 was
                 the
                 Commander
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 Pausanias
                 the
                 Tutor
                 of
                 Leonidas
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 under
                 Age
                 )
                 was
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Mardonius
                 understood
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 enter'd
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 from
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 and
                 pitcht
                 his
                 Tents
                 at
                 the
                 
                 River
                 †
                 Aesopus
                 ,
                 and
                 fortify'd
                 himself
                 with
                 a
                 deep
                 Trench
                 ,
                 inclosing
                 his
                 Camp
                 round
                 with
                 a
                 Wall
                 of
                 Timber
                 .
                 The
                 Grecians
                 were
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Persians
                 were
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 .
                 The
                 Barbarians
                 began
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 who
                 all
                 the
                 Night
                 long
                 ,
                 roving
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Cavalry
                 ,
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Grecians
                 in
                 their
                 Camp
                 :
                 The
                 first
                 that
                 felt
                 the
                 Brunt
                 were
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 who
                 forthwith
                 in
                 good
                 order
                 valiantly
                 oppos'd
                 them
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Fight
                 was
                 very
                 hot
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 put
                 all
                 to
                 Flight
                 that
                 made
                 the
                 Onset
                 on
                 them
                 ;
                 only
                 the
                 Magareans
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 to
                 deal
                 with
                 the
                 General
                 and
                 best
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Horse
                 ,
                 were
                 over-press'd
                 ,
                 yet
                 gave
                 no
                 ground
                 ,
                 but
                 sent
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 for
                 Succors
                 .
                 When
                 Aristides
                 understood
                 their
                 Distress
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 sent
                 the
                 chief
                 of
                 such
                 Athenians
                 as
                 were
                 then
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 their
                 aid
                 ;
                 who
                 joyning
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 made
                 such
                 a
                 Charge
                 upon
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 soon
                 freed
                 the
                 Magareans
                 from
                 their
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 killing
                 the
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Horse
                 ,
                 with
                 many
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 flight
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 happy
                 success
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 fill'd
                 the
                 Grecians
                 with
                 hope
                 of
                 absolute
                 Victory
                 in
                 the
                 Conclusion
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 
                 they
                 remov'd
                 their
                 Camp
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Plain
                 ,
                 next
                 under
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 the
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 into
                 another
                 Place
                 more
                 convenient
                 for
                 obtaining
                 a
                 perfect
                 Victory
                 .
                 For
                 on
                 their
                 Right
                 Hand
                 was
                 an
                 high
                 Hill
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 their
                 Left
                 the
                 River
                 Asopus
                 for
                 their
                 Defence
                 :
                 Between
                 these
                 Two
                 they
                 encamp'd
                 ,
                 thus
                 guarded
                 by
                 a
                 natural
                 Fortification
                 .
                 The
                 straitness
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 thus
                 chosen
                 by
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 was
                 of
                 great
                 advantage
                 ,
                 and
                 did
                 much
                 conduce
                 to
                 the
                 Victory
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Persians
                 could
                 not
                 enlarge
                 their
                 Front
                 as
                 otherways
                 they
                 might
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 whereof
                 so
                 many
                 Thousands
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 became
                 useless
                 and
                 unprofitable
                 .
                 The
                 Generals
                 ,
                 Pausanias
                 and
                 Aristides
                 having
                 now
                 so
                 fair
                 an
                 Opportunity
                 ,
                 drew
                 out
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 advanced
                 in
                 Battalia
                 as
                 the
                 Ground
                 would
                 give
                 them
                 leave
                 .
              
               
                 Mardonius
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 Hand
                 ,
                 being
                 forc'd
                 to
                 march
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 close
                 Body
                 ,
                 drew
                 up
                 his
                 Men
                 to
                 the
                 best
                 advantage
                 he
                 could
                 devise
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Shout
                 meets
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 choicest
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 his
                 Life-Guard
                 ,
                 makes
                 the
                 first
                 Charge
                 upon
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 plac'd
                 in
                 Front
                 to
                 receive
                 
                 him
                 .
                 He
                 fought
                 with
                 an
                 high
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 amongst
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 stoutly
                 stood
                 their
                 Ground
                 ,
                 contemning
                 all
                 Danger
                 ,
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 likewise
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 
                 Mardonius
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 )
                 bore
                 the
                 Brunt
                 with
                 great
                 Courage
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 fell
                 (
                 valiantly
                 behaving
                 himself
                 )
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 discern'd
                 the
                 choice
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 were
                 all
                 either
                 kill'd
                 or
                 wounded
                 ,
                 their
                 Hearts
                 
                 fail'd
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 betook
                 themselves
                 to
                 Flight
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 as
                 hotly
                 pursu'd
                 by
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ;
                 however
                 the
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 got
                 within
                 the
                 Timber
                 Wall.
                 The
                 rest
                 (
                 being
                 Grecians
                 that
                 sided
                 with
                 Mardonius
                 )
                 fled
                 to
                 ,
                 and
                 shelter'd
                 themselves
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 Thebes
                 .
                 The
                 Remainder
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Forty
                 Thousand
                 and
                 upwards
                 ,
                 fled
                 another
                 way
                 ,
                 with
                 Artabazus
                 (
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 account
                 amongst
                 the
                 Persians
                 )
                 who
                 came
                 with
                 them
                 back
                 by
                 a
                 shorter
                 Cut
                 into
                 Phocis
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Dispersion
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 likewise
                 to
                 be
                 scatter'd
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 into
                 several
                 Parties
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   Plateans
                
                 and
                 Thespians
                 fiercely
                 pursued
                 those
                 that
                 fled
                 to
                 Thebes
                 .
                 The
                 
                   Corinthians
                   ,
                   Sicyonians
                
                 and
                 Philasians
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 few
                 others
                 ,
                 follow'd
                 close
                 upon
                 the
                 back
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 fled
                 with
                 Artabazus
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 besieged
                 and
                 assaulted
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 forc'd
                 within
                 the
                 Wall.
                 The
                 Thebans
                 receiving
                 those
                 that
                 fled
                 ,
                 issu'd
                 forth
                 ,
                 and
                 join'd
                 with
                 them
                 against
                 the
                 Athenians
                 their
                 Pursuers
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 fierce
                 and
                 bloody
                 Fight
                 before
                 the
                 City
                 Walls
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 bravely
                 standing
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 many
                 were
                 kill'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
                 But
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Courage
                 drave
                 the
                 Thebans
                 back
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 the
                 Athenians
                 march'd
                 back
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 join'd
                 with
                 
                 them
                 in
                 assaulting
                 the
                 Persians
                 within
                 the
                 Wall
                 ;
                 where
                 the
                 Fight
                 was
                 maintain'd
                 with
                 great
                 Obstinacy
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ;
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 on
                 the
                 one
                 Hand
                 ,
                 within
                 a
                 place
                 of
                 Strength
                 defending
                 themselves
                 with
                 great
                 Courage
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Grecians
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Might
                 ,
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 force
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 the
                 Fight
                 was
                 pursu'd
                 without
                 regard
                 or
                 fear
                 of
                 Death
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 many
                 were
                 wounded
                 ,
                 and
                 great
                 numbers
                 ,
                 with
                 Showers
                 of
                 Darts
                 were
                 there
                 Slain
                 .
                 But
                 neither
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 though
                 strongly
                 Fortify'd
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 could
                 withstand
                 the
                 fierce
                 Assault
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 but
                 whatever
                 was
                 in
                 their
                 way
                 ,
                 they
                 bore
                 down
                 all
                 before
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Grecian
                 Generals
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 and
                 Athenians
                 out
                 of
                 Emulation
                 and
                 desire
                 of
                 Glory
                 ,
                 strove
                 to
                 exceed
                 each
                 other
                 ,
                 encouraged
                 both
                 by
                 their
                 former
                 Victories
                 ,
                 and
                 prickt
                 forward
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 natural
                 Valour
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 Persians
                 Camp
                 was
                 entred
                 and
                 taken
                 by
                 Storm
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 cried
                 for
                 Quarter
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 found
                 no
                 Mercy
                 .
                 For
                 Pausanias
                 consider'd
                 the
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 afraid
                 lest
                 through
                 their
                 Number
                 (
                 which
                 far
                 exceeded
                 the
                 Grecians
                 )
                 some
                 unexpected
                 and
                 suddain
                 Mischief
                 should
                 happen
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 commanded
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 take
                 no
                 Prisoners
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 an
                 incredible
                 Slaughter
                 was
                 made
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 
                 scarce
                 ended
                 ,
                 when
                 more
                 than
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 were
                 already
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Sword.
                 
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Battel
                 was
                 ended
                 ,
                 the
                 Grecians
                 apply'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Burying
                 of
                 their
                 Dead
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 above
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 divided
                 the
                 Spoil
                 amongst
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 appointed
                 Judgment
                 to
                 be
                 given
                 concerning
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 was
                 done
                 with
                 more
                 than
                 ordinary
                 Valour
                 and
                 Courage
                 in
                 that
                 War.
                 By
                 the
                 Decree
                 of
                 Charitides
                 ,
                 amongst
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 Honour
                 was
                 attributed
                 to
                 Sparta
                 ;
                 and
                 amongst
                 the
                 Men
                 to
                 Pausanias
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Artabazus
                 with
                 swift
                 Marches
                 pass'd
                 through
                 Phocis
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 with
                 those
                 Forty
                 Thousand
                 Persians
                 that
                 fled
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 them
                 all
                 over
                 safe
                 into
                 Asia
                 .
                 The
                 Grecians
                 dedicated
                 a
                 Tenth
                 of
                 the
                 Spoils
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 thereof
                 a
                 Tripode
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 placed
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 and
                 engraved
                 upon
                 it
                 this
                 Elogy
                 ;
              
               
                 
                   The
                   stout
                   Defenders
                   of
                   Great
                   Greece
                   this
                   gave
                   ,
                
                 
                   From
                   Bondage
                   when
                   its
                   Cities
                   they
                   did
                   save
                   .
                
              
               
                 And
                 another
                 was
                 Engraven
                 by
                 the
                 common
                 Consent
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 those
                 Lacedemonians
                 who
                 died
                 at
                 Thermopyle
                 ,
                 in
                 these
                 Words
                 —
              
               
                 
                 
                   Of
                   Pelops
                   Country
                   one
                   Four
                   Thousand
                   brave
                
                 
                   Men
                   ,
                   to
                   *
                   Two
                   Millions
                   base
                   repulse
                   once
                   gave
                   .
                
              
               
                 And
                 another
                 by
                 a
                 Private
                 Hand
                 thus
                 ,
                 —
              
               
                 
                   Good
                   Stranger
                   tell
                   the
                   Spartans
                   here
                   we
                   lye
                   ,
                
                 
                   Stoutly
                   their
                   Laws
                   while
                   we
                   maintaining
                   dye
                   .
                
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 did
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 adorn
                 the
                 Sepulchers
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 fell
                 in
                 the
                 Persian
                 War
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 were
                 first
                 instituted
                 the
                 Funeral
                 Games
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Law
                 was
                 then
                 made
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Valorous
                 Exploits
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 buried
                 at
                 the
                 Publick
                 Charge
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 thenceforth
                 set
                 out
                 by
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 their
                 Orators
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 Pausanias
                 the
                 General
                 ,
                 causing
                 all
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Colours
                 ,
                 marched
                 against
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 and
                 required
                 the
                 first
                 Authors
                 of
                 the
                 Defection
                 to
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 delivered
                 up
                 to
                 Justice
                 .
                 The
                 Thebans
                 being
                 discouraged
                 both
                 with
                 the
                 Multitude
                 and
                 Valour
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 the
                 chief
                 Authors
                 of
                 the
                 Confederacy
                 with
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 yielded
                 themselves
                 up
                 to
                 Mercy
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 all
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 by
                 Pausanias
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 IV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   Fight
                   with
                   the
                   Persians
                   by
                   the
                   Grecians
                   in
                   Ionia
                   at
                   Mycale
                   .
                
              
               
                 THE
                 same
                 day
                 that
                 the
                 Battel
                 was
                 fought
                 at
                 Platea
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 another
                 great
                 Fight
                 with
                 the
                 Persians
                 in
                 Ionia
                 ,
                 which
                 I
                 shall
                 relate
                 from
                 the
                 beginning
                 .
              
               
                 Leotychidas
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 ,
                 and
                 Xanthippus
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Admirals
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Battel
                 at
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 came
                 with
                 their
                 Fleet
                 to
                 Aegina
                 ,
                 where
                 staying
                 some
                 few
                 Days
                 ,
                 they
                 fail'd
                 thence
                 to
                 Delos
                 with
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Gallies
                 .
                 While
                 they
                 staid
                 there
                 ,
                 Ambassadors
                 came
                 to
                 them
                 from
                 Samos
                 ,
                 entreating
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 assistant
                 to
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 to
                 regain
                 their
                 Liberty
                 .
              
               
                 Leotychidas
                 hereupon
                 calling
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 there
                 determined
                 to
                 assist
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 they
                 loos'd
                 from
                 Delos
                 .
                 The
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Fleet
                 being
                 then
                 in
                 Samos
                 ,
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Expedition
                 the
                 Grecians
                 intended
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 departed
                 from
                 Samos
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 Mycale
                 in
                 Ionia
                 ,
                 and
                 judging
                 themselves
                 not
                 strong
                 enough
                 to
                 encounter
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 they
                 hal'd
                 all
                 their
                 Ships
                 ashore
                 ,
                 and
                 compass'd
                 'em
                 in
                 both
                 with
                 a
                 Wall
                 and
                 a
                 deep
                 Trench
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 for
                 Land-Forces
                 from
                 Sardis
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Neighbouring
                 Places
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 were
                 presently
                 Mustered
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 procur'd
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 was
                 possible
                 ,
                 being
                 jealous
                 that
                 the
                 Ionians
                 were
                 ready
                 to
                 revolt
                 .
              
               
                 Leotychidas
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 well
                 provided
                 ,
                 sail'd
                 with
                 a
                 straight
                 Course
                 against
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 at
                 Mycale
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 before
                 him
                 a
                 Ship
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Herald
                 or
                 Cryer
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 greater
                 Voice
                 than
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 him
                 in
                 charge
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 he
                 approached
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 proclaim
                 with
                 a
                 loud
                 Voice
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Grecians
                 that
                 had
                 routed
                 the
                 Persians
                 at
                 Platea
                 ,
                 were
                 now
                 at
                 Hand
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 restore
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 in
                 Asia
                 to
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 done
                 by
                 those
                 with
                 Leotychidas
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 conceiv'd
                 that
                 upon
                 the
                 News
                 ,
                 the
                 Grecians
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 would
                 revolt
                 ,
                 and
                 great
                 Tumult
                 ,
                 and
                 Disorder
                 would
                 be
                 made
                 amongst
                 them
                 ;
                 which
                 happened
                 accordingly
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Cryer
                 came
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Persian
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 executed
                 his
                 Commands
                 ,
                 the
                 Persians
                 grew
                 jealous
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Grecians
                 began
                 to
                 consult
                 together
                 of
                 a
                 Revolt
                 .
                 The
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Fleet
                 having
                 well
                 debated
                 
                 and
                 considered
                 all
                 things
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 Affair
                 ,
                 landed
                 their
                 Forces
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 Day
                 ,
                 when
                 all
                 things
                 were
                 ready
                 for
                 the
                 Onset
                 ,
                 a
                 Rumor
                 was
                 on
                 a
                 suddain
                 spread
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Grecians
                 had
                 overcome
                 the
                 Persians
                 at
                 Platea
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Leotychidas
                 and
                 his
                 Collegues
                 drew
                 up
                 the
                 Army
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 ,
                 incouraging
                 them
                 to
                 fight
                 ,
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 several
                 Arguments
                 to
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 withall
                 singing
                 among
                 them
                 Songs
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 at
                 Platea
                 ,
                 thereby
                 the
                 more
                 to
                 stir
                 up
                 and
                 inflame
                 their
                 Spirits
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 Encounter
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Circumstances
                 of
                 Affairs
                 were
                 then
                 very
                 remarkable
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 's
                 certain
                 both
                 Armies
                 fought
                 on
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Day
                 ;
                 the
                 one
                 at
                 Mycale
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 at
                 Platea
                 .
                 Therefore
                 since
                 Leotychidas
                 could
                 not
                 then
                 know
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 at
                 Platea
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 conclude
                 that
                 this
                 Report
                 was
                 a
                 Stratagem
                 invented
                 by
                 him
                 on
                 purpose
                 ;
                 especially
                 considering
                 the
                 great
                 distance
                 of
                 Places
                 ,
                 the
                 News
                 could
                 not
                 possibly
                 arrive
                 in
                 
                 so
                 short
                 a
                 time
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 now
                 no
                 longer
                 confiding
                 in
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 took
                 away
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 encouraged
                 their
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 telling
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 Xerxes
                 was
                 at
                 hand
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 for
                 their
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 rais'd
                 up
                 their
                 Spirits
                 .
              
               
                 Both
                 Armies
                 being
                 now
                 drawn
                 up
                 in
                 Batalia
                 ,
                 and
                 advancing
                 one
                 towards
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Persians
                 saw
                 the
                 inconsiderable
                 Number
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 they
                 despised
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 charged
                 upon
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 shout
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Samians
                 and
                 Milesians
                 ,
                 determin'd
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 strength
                 they
                 could
                 make
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 with
                 a
                 swift
                 March
                 made
                 towards
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Ionians
                 conceiv'd
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 in
                 sight
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 thereby
                 more
                 incouraged
                 ,
                 which
                 fell
                 out
                 otherwise
                 ;
                 for
                 those
                 with
                 Leotychidas
                 being
                 seis'd
                 with
                 a
                 pannick
                 Fear
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 apprehension
                 and
                 suspition
                 that
                 Xerxes
                 ,
                 was
                 at
                 hand
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 from
                 Sardis
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 nothing
                 but
                 Confusion
                 and
                 Distraction
                 ,
                 through
                 various
                 Surmises
                 and
                 Opinions
                 amongst
                 them
                 .
                 Some
                 were
                 for
                 retiring
                 forthwith
                 to
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 others
                 were
                 for
                 standing
                 their
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 fighting
                 valiantly
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 Man.
                 Whilst
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 this
                 Terror
                 Disorder
                 and
                 Confusion
                 ,
                 the
                 Persian
                 Army
                 advanced
                 in
                 order
                 of
                 Battel
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 terrible
                 manner
                 with
                 great
                 shouts
                 fell
                 in
                 upon
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 receive
                 the
                 Charge
                 ,
                 having
                 now
                 no
                 time
                 left
                 for
                 further
                 Consultations
                 .
                 The
                 Battel
                 being
                 now
                 join'd
                 ,
                 great
                 Courage
                 ,
                 and
                 Resolution
                 was
                 shewn
                 on
                 all
                 hands
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 the
                 Fortune
                 of
                 the
                 Day
                 was
                 doubtful
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 fell
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Samian
                 and
                 Milesian
                 Armies
                 appear'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Courage
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 was
                 reviv'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Persians
                 so
                 flag'd
                 and
                 fail'd
                 that
                 they
                 forthwith
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 pursu'd
                 with
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 of
                 Leotychidas
                 and
                 Xanthippus
                 follow'd
                 them
                 close
                 at
                 their
                 Heels
                 ,
                 to
                 their
                 very
                 Tents
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Aeolians
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 though
                 then
                 almost
                 Conquerours
                 :
                 For
                 a
                 general
                 and
                 ardent
                 desire
                 of
                 Liberty
                 possess'd
                 all
                 the
                 Asian
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 many
                 neither
                 regarded
                 Leagues
                 made
                 ,
                 or
                 Hostages
                 given
                 ,
                 but
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 Grecians
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Rage
                 hew'd
                 down
                 and
                 slew
                 the
                 flying
                 Persians
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 were
                 routed
                 and
                 dispers'd
                 with
                 the
                 slaughter
                 of
                 Forty
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 ;
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 escap'd
                 to
                 their
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 fled
                 to
                 Sardis
                 .
              
               
                 Xerxes
                 being
                 inform'd
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 at
                 Platea
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 routing
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 at
                 Mycale
                 ,
                 leaving
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Forces
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Fright
                 fled
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 Ecbatana
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 all
                 was
                 over
                 ,
                 Leotychidas
                 and
                 Xanthippus
                 sail'd
                 back
                 to
                 Samos
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Ionians
                 and
                 Aeolians
                 as
                 their
                 Confederates
                 in
                 the
                 War.
                 And
                 some
                 time
                 after
                 used
                 many
                 persuasive
                 Arguments
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 leave
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 come
                 over
                 into
                 Europe
                 ,
                 promising
                 them
                 to
                 bestow
                 upon
                 them
                 the
                 Estates
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 
                 had
                 confederated
                 themselves
                 with
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 they
                 continued
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 in
                 continual
                 Alarms
                 by
                 Enemies
                 that
                 far
                 excell'd
                 them
                 in
                 strength
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 were
                 near
                 to
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 their
                 Friends
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 distance
                 by
                 Sea
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 assistant
                 to
                 them
                 so
                 opportunely
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 such
                 Seasons
                 as
                 their
                 Necessity
                 might
                 require
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 Promises
                 the
                 Ionians
                 ,
                 and
                 Aeolians
                 were
                 persuaded
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 observance
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 Desires
                 ,
                 prepar'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 take
                 Shipping
                 for
                 Europe
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 afterwards
                 changing
                 their
                 Minds
                 ,
                 now
                 persuaded
                 them
                 to
                 remain
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 ,
                 and
                 faithfully
                 promis'd
                 that
                 though
                 now
                 if
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 Greece
                 should
                 assist
                 them
                 ,
                 yet
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 ,
                 send
                 them
                 aid
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 they
                 who
                 were
                 only
                 oblig'd
                 so
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 
                 of
                 their
                 Kindred
                 and
                 Relation
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 jealous
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 Ionians
                 settled
                 in
                 new
                 Habitations
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 common
                 concurrence
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 own
                 Athens
                 as
                 their
                 Metropolitan
                 City
                 and
                 place
                 of
                 their
                 Original
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Ionians
                 upon
                 second
                 thoughts
                 determin'd
                 not
                 to
                 remove
                 out
                 of
                 Asia
                 .
              
               
                 Things
                 thus
                 accomplished
                 ,
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Army
                 divided
                 :
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 
                 sail'd
                 back
                 into
                 Laconia
                 ;
                 the
                 Athenians
                 with
                 the
                 Ionians
                 and
                 Islanders
                 ,
                 made
                 for
                 Sestos
                 ;
                 which
                 Xanthippus
                 the
                 General
                 took
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 Assault
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 put
                 a
                 Garrison
                 into
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 discharg'd
                 his
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 with
                 his
                 Citizens
                 to
                 Athens
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 event
                 and
                 issue
                 of
                 the
                 Medean
                 War
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 call'd
                 )
                 after
                 it
                 had
                 continu'd
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Two
                 Years
                 .
              
               
                 Herodotus
                 the
                 Historian
                 began
                 his
                 History
                 with
                 some
                 things
                 before
                 the
                 War
                 of
                 Troy
                 ,
                 and
                 relates
                 in
                 Nine
                 Books
                 ,
                 whatever
                 happen'd
                 of
                 Moment
                 almost
                 in
                 all
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 and
                 concludes
                 his
                 History
                 with
                 the
                 Fight
                 at
                 Micale
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 of
                 Sestos
                 .
                 During
                 these
                 Transactions
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 had
                 great
                 Wars
                 ,
                 and
                 shed
                 much
                 Blood
                 amongst
                 the
                 
                   Volsians
                   .
                   Spurius
                   Cassius
                
                 the
                 Year
                 before
                 Consul
                 ,
                 being
                 convicted
                 of
                 Treason
                 ,
                 for
                 aspiring
                 to
                 the
                 Supream
                 Government
                 ,
                 was
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 things
                 done
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 V.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Death
                   and
                   Commendation
                   of
                   Gelo
                   King
                   of
                   Syracuse
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Rebuilding
                   of
                   Athens
                   by
                   the
                   Policy
                   of
                   Themistocles
                   .
                
              
               
                 TImosthenes
                 being
                 Archon
                 or
                 Chief
                 Magistrate
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Cesus
                   Fabius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Aemilius
                   Mamerchus
                
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 setled
                 Peace
                 throughout
                 all
                 Sicily
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 was
                 utterly
                 broken
                 ,
                 and
                 Gelo
                 govern'd
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 with
                 that
                 Justice
                 and
                 Equity
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Laws
                 flourished
                 in
                 every
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 Plenty
                 every
                 where
                 abounded
                 .
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 making
                 a
                 Law
                 against
                 extravagant
                 Pomps
                 of
                 Funerals
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 not
                 only
                 taking
                 away
                 those
                 usual
                 vast
                 Expences
                 upon
                 the
                 Dead
                 ,
                 but
                 forbidding
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Curiosity
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 ;
                 Gelo
                 willing
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 to
                 confirm
                 what
                 the
                 People
                 agreed
                 upon
                 ,
                 confirm'd
                 this
                 new
                 Law
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Example
                 ;
                 for
                 falling
                 sick
                 ,
                 and
                 lying
                 upon
                 his
                 Death-bed
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 up
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 to
                 Hiere
                 his
                 eldest
                 Brother
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 that
                 the
                 Law
                 should
                 be
                 strictly
                 kept
                 in
                 reference
                 to
                 his
                 Funeral
                 .
                 After
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 his
                 Successor
                 in
                 burying
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 observ'd
                 his
                 Commands
                 .
                 His
                 Body
                 was
                 laid
                 in
                 his
                 Wife's
                 Inheritance
                 ,
                 within
                 the
                 
                   Nine
                   Towers
                
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 call'd
                 )
                 Places
                 of
                 great
                 and
                 sumptuous
                 Workmanship
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 whole
                 City
                 accompany'd
                 the
                 Body
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 about
                 ‖
                 Two
                 
                 Hundred
                 Stages
                 distant
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 Citizens
                 erected
                 a
                 stately
                 Monument
                 over
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 he
                 should
                 for
                 ever
                 after
                 be
                 honour'd
                 with
                 the
                 Honours
                 due
                 to
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Heroes
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Monument
                 was
                 in
                 after-times
                 destroy'd
                 by
                 the
                 Carthagians
                 in
                 their
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 Places
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Nine
                   Towers
                
                 (
                 through
                 Envy
                 )
                 were
                 demolished
                 by
                 Agathocles
                 .
                 But
                 yet
                 neither
                 
                 the
                 Hatred
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Envy
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 
                 nor
                 the
                 Force
                 nor
                 Fraud
                 of
                 any
                 other
                 Person
                 ,
                 was
                 able
                 to
                 eclipse
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 Gelo.
                 For
                 History
                 has
                 justly
                 preserv'd
                 his
                 Fame
                 ,
                 and
                 will
                 for
                 ever
                 hand
                 it
                 down
                 to
                 Posterity
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 just
                 ,
                 and
                 tending
                 much
                 to
                 correct
                 the
                 Irregularities
                 of
                 Humane
                 Conversation
                 ,
                 to
                 fix
                 a
                 Brand
                 and
                 Mark
                 of
                 Disgrace
                 upon
                 those
                 that
                 have
                 used
                 their
                 Power
                 wickedly
                 and
                 mischievously
                 ,
                 so
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 as
                 just
                 to
                 perpetuate
                 the
                 Memory
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 have
                 rul'd
                 justly
                 and
                 honourably
                 to
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 others
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 will
                 be
                 an
                 Inducement
                 to
                 Men
                 to
                 behave
                 themselves
                 so
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 merit
                 Commendation
                 
                 from
                 those
                 that
                 come
                 after
                 them
                 .
                 Gelo
                 reign'd
                 only
                 Six
                 Years
                 :
                 Hiero
                 his
                 Brother
                 and
                 Heir
                 ,
                 Eleven
                 Years
                 and
                 Eight
                 Months
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Victory
                 at
                 Platea
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 brought
                 back
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 
                 from
                 Troezen
                 and
                 Salamis
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Repairing
                 of
                 their
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 spared
                 neither
                 Cost
                 nor
                 Pains
                 in
                 that
                 ,
                 nor
                 in
                 any
                 other
                 thing
                 necessary
                 for
                 their
                 Defence
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 considering
                 that
                 the
                 Athenians
                 had
                 much
                 advanced
                 their
                 Reputation
                 by
                 their
                 Strength
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 fearing
                 lest
                 they
                 should
                 grow
                 too
                 strong
                 ,
                 determin'd
                 to
                 forbid
                 the
                 building
                 of
                 their
                 
                 Walls
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 sent
                 Embassadors
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 to
                 let
                 them
                 know
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 for
                 the
                 common
                 good
                 and
                 interest
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 that
                 Athens
                 should
                 be
                 walled
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 Xerxes
                 should
                 make
                 upon
                 them
                 a
                 Second
                 Invasion
                 with
                 fresh
                 and
                 greater
                 Forces
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 should
                 gain
                 Cities
                 out
                 of
                 Peloponesus
                 ready
                 wall'd
                 ,
                 he
                 might
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 as
                 out
                 of
                 Forts
                 and
                 Castles
                 ,
                 make
                 suddain
                 Incursions
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 with
                 ease
                 subdue
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 Embassadors
                 were
                 not
                 much
                 regarded
                 ,
                 they
                 imperiously
                 commanded
                 the
                 Carpenters
                 and
                 Smiths
                 to
                 
                 cease
                 from
                 the
                 Work.
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Athenians
                 not
                 knowing
                 what
                 to
                 resolve
                 
                 upon
                 ,
                 Themistocles
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 in
                 great
                 Favour
                 and
                 Authority
                 )
                 advis'd
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 not
                 at
                 present
                 make
                 any
                 Noise
                 or
                 Stir
                 about
                 the
                 matter
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 contend
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 would
                 easily
                 hinder
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Work
                 ,
                 by
                 making
                 an
                 Inrode
                 upon
                 them
                 with
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 Peloponesus
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 intimated
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 privately
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 (
                 with
                 such
                 others
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 should
                 appoint
                 )
                 would
                 go
                 as
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 argue
                 the
                 Case
                 with
                 them
                 concerning
                 the
                 Fortification
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 gave
                 in
                 charge
                 to
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 any
                 Embassadors
                 came
                 from
                 Lacedemon
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 detain
                 them
                 till
                 his
                 return
                 from
                 thence
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 they
                 should
                 with
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 go
                 on
                 with
                 the
                 Work
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 was
                 the
                 very
                 way
                 (
                 he
                 told
                 them
                 )
                 to
                 effect
                 their
                 Design
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Athenians
                 all
                 approv'd
                 of
                 his
                 Advice
                 ,
                 and
                 Themistocles
                 with
                 those
                 join'd
                 in
                 Embassy
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 set
                 forth
                 for
                 Sparta
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Work
                 with
                 might
                 and
                 main
                 ,
                 sparing
                 neither
                 House
                 nor
                 Sepulchre
                 for
                 Materials
                 :
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 Strangers
                 and
                 Servants
                 were
                 all
                 imploy'd
                 ,
                 and
                 none
                 permitted
                 to
                 be
                 idle
                 .
                 The
                 Work
                 went
                 on
                 beyond
                 expectation
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 Hands
                 ,
                 and
                 diligence
                 of
                 those
                 imploy'd
                 ,
                 advanc'd
                 to
                 Admiration
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 were
                 very
                 hot
                 with
                 Themistocles
                 concerning
                 the
                 Fortifying
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 denied
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 wish'd
                 them
                 not
                 rashly
                 to
                 believe
                 every
                 little
                 Story
                 spread
                 Abroad
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 to
                 send
                 some
                 faithful
                 Messengers
                 ,
                 who
                 might
                 bring
                 them
                 a
                 certain
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 truth
                 ,
                 how
                 Matters
                 went
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 further
                 Assurance
                 ,
                 he
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 himself
                 and
                 his
                 Associats
                 as
                 Hostages
                 to
                 the
                 Spartans
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 at
                 present
                 pacify'd
                 and
                 perswaded
                 by
                 what
                 Themistocles
                 
                 had
                 said
                 ,
                 took
                 him
                 and
                 his
                 Associates
                 into
                 Custody
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 sent
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 chief
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 strict
                 inquiry
                 and
                 observation
                 how
                 Affairs
                 were
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 space
                 ,
                 advanc'd
                 their
                 Walls
                 to
                 their
                 just
                 height
                 .
                 The
                 Spartan
                 Embassadors
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 entred
                 into
                 Athens
                 ,
                 being
                 very
                 turbulent
                 ,
                 and
                 sharply
                 threatning
                 the
                 Athenians
                 for
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 they
                 committed
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 Prison
                 ,
                 declaring
                 they
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 set
                 at
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 till
                 Themistocles
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 their
                 Embassadors
                 were
                 sent
                 Home
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 Trick
                 the
                 Laconians
                 being
                 deluded
                 ,
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 redeem
                 their
                 own
                 Embassadors
                 by
                 the
                 discharge
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 Policy
                 of
                 Themistocles
                 in
                 procuring
                 the
                 walling
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 both
                 with
                 effectual
                 speed
                 and
                 safety
                 ,
                 purchased
                 the
                 great
                 Love
                 and
                 Honour
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 .
              
               
                 Whilst
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 acting
                 in
                 Greece
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Tuscans
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 a
                 great
                 Victory
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 took
                 Tusculum
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 reduced
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Esculaneans
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 VI.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   inlarging
                   of
                   the
                   Haven
                   at
                   Athens
                   by
                   Themistocles
                   .
                   The
                   Treason
                   of
                   Pausanias
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Justice
                   of
                   Aristides
                   .
                
              
               
                 AT
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 ,
                 Adimantus
                 was
                 chosen
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Fabius
                   Vibulanus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   L.
                   Valerius
                
                 were
                 Consuls
                 of
                 Rome
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 Themistocles
                 for
                 his
                 excellent
                 Government
                 and
                 ingenuity
                 in
                 state
                 Policy
                 ,
                 was
                 in
                 great
                 esteem
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 but
                 over
                 all
                 
                 Greece
                 .
                 Being
                 hereby
                 encouraged
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 Business
                 (
                 by
                 further
                 and
                 greater
                 Services
                 )
                 to
                 enlarge
                 the
                 Bounds
                 and
                 
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 :
                 For
                 confidering
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 Haven
                 at
                 the
                 Pyreum
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 forced
                 to
                 
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 Phaleron
                 for
                 their
                 Port
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 strait
                 and
                 incommodious
                 ,
                 he
                 contriv'd
                 to
                 turn
                 that
                 into
                 an
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 require
                 the
                 least
                 Charge
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 would
                 be
                 the
                 most
                 beautiful
                 and
                 spacious
                 Haven
                 in
                 all
                 Greece
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 accomplished
                 ,
                 he
                 hop'd
                 would
                 conduce
                 to
                 the
                 making
                 the
                 Athenians
                 Masters
                 of
                 the
                 Seas
                 ;
                 who
                 then
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 famous
                 for
                 their
                 many
                 Victories
                 at
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 By
                 this
                 means
                 he
                 hop'd
                 the
                 Ionians
                 (
                 being
                 defcended
                 from
                 the
                 same
                 Ancestors
                 )
                 
                 would
                 be
                 brought
                 over
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 by
                 their
                 Assistance
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 restore
                 all
                 the
                 Grecians
                 in
                 Asia
                 to
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 for
                 ever
                 oblige
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 Friends
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
              
               
                 Moreover
                 he
                 concluded
                 that
                 the
                 Islanders
                 mov'd
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 strength
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 would
                 presently
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 judg'd
                 Persons
                 that
                 might
                 be
                 of
                 great
                 advantage
                 or
                 prejudice
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 very
                 well
                 understood
                 that
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 were
                 very
                 considerable
                 at
                 Land
                 ,
                 but
                 understood
                 little
                 of
                 Sea-Affairs
                 ;
                 but
                 yet
                 he
                 kept
                 all
                 private
                 to
                 himself
                 ,
                 being
                 assured
                 that
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 would
                 never
                 suffer
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 .
              
               
                 Therefore
                 in
                 a
                 Publick
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 he
                 told
                 the
                 Citizens
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 found
                 out
                 
                 something
                 of
                 very
                 great
                 moment
                 and
                 advantage
                 to
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 at
                 present
                 expedient
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 publick
                 ;
                 being
                 of
                 that
                 nature
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 fewer
                 that
                 were
                 acquainted
                 ,
                 the
                 better
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 wished
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 chuse
                 Two
                 whom
                 they
                 could
                 best
                 trust
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 he
                 would
                 discover
                 the
                 whole
                 Design
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 People
                 hereupon
                 chose
                 Two
                 ,
                 Aristides
                 and
                 Xanthippus
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 Men
                 of
                 Integrity
                 and
                 honest
                 Principles
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 they
                 emulated
                 Themistocles
                 ,
                 and
                 secretly
                 envy'd
                 him
                 for
                 the
                 Glory
                 and
                 Reputation
                 he
                 had
                 amongst
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 had
                 privately
                 heard
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 design'd
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Reasons
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 report
                 unto
                 the
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 that
                 what
                 Themistocles
                 had
                 contriv'd
                 ,
                 was
                 not
                 only
                 great
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 extraordinary
                 advantage
                 to
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 ease
                 to
                 be
                 effected
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 were
                 presently
                 taken
                 with
                 great
                 admiration
                 of
                 the
                 Man
                 ;
                 and
                 yet
                 as
                 soon
                 struck
                 with
                 a
                 suspition
                 ,
                 lest
                 by
                 these
                 Inventions
                 and
                 great
                 Designs
                 ,
                 he
                 aim'd
                 at
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 .
                 Therefore
                 they
                 commanded
                 he
                 should
                 forthwith
                 discover
                 his
                 Purposes
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 told
                 them
                 again
                 and
                 again
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 for
                 the
                 publick
                 good
                 openly
                 to
                 reveal
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 People
                 now
                 more
                 admiring
                 the
                 Courage
                 and
                 Constancy
                 of
                 the
                 Man
                 ,
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 reveal
                 the
                 business
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 privately
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 the
                 Senate
                 did
                 judge
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 matter
                 feasible
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 certain
                 advantage
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 ,
                 then
                 whatever
                 was
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Execution
                 of
                 his
                 Design
                 should
                 be
                 granted
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 informed
                 the
                 Senate
                 of
                 the
                 particulars
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 upon
                 the
                 Relation
                 ,
                 all
                 was
                 judg'd
                 both
                 easie
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 highest
                 Concern
                 and
                 Advantage
                 to
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 every
                 thing
                 at
                 length
                 was
                 granted
                 to
                 him
                 which
                 he
                 desired
                 (
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 effecting
                 of
                 his
                 Design
                 )
                 with
                 the
                 approbation
                 and
                 consent
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Assembly
                 then
                 broke
                 up
                 with
                 great
                 admiration
                 of
                 Themistocles
                 ,
                 every
                 
                 one
                 expecting
                 what
                 would
                 be
                 the
                 issue
                 of
                 their
                 Counsels
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 being
                 furnished
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 ,
                 both
                 as
                 to
                 Men
                 and
                 Money
                 ,
                 he
                 contriv'd
                 how
                 to
                 delude
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 a
                 Second
                 time
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 assur'd
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 they
                 had
                 
                 oppos'd
                 the
                 repairing
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 so
                 they
                 would
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 power
                 and
                 might
                 obstruct
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 the
                 Port.
                 
              
               
                 He
                 sent
                 therefore
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 who
                 should
                 let
                 them
                 know
                 how
                 much
                 it
                 tended
                 to
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 in
                 case
                 of
                 future
                 Invasions
                 by
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 in
                 some
                 Place
                 or
                 other
                 a
                 commodions
                 Haven
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 Contrivance
                 giving
                 a
                 check
                 and
                 stop
                 to
                 any
                 hasty
                 opposition
                 by
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 sets
                 upon
                 the
                 Work.
                 And
                 all
                 Hands
                 being
                 imployed
                 in
                 the
                 business
                 ,
                 the
                 Port
                 was
                 finished
                 upon
                 a
                 suddain
                 ,
                 and
                 beyond
                 all
                 expectation
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 advis'd
                 the
                 People
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 add
                 Twenty
                 Gallies
                 more
                 every
                 Year
                 to
                 the
                 Fleet
                 they
                 had
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 priviledge
                 with
                 freedom
                 from
                 all
                 Impositions
                 all
                 Strangers
                 and
                 Artificers
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 both
                 the
                 City
                 might
                 become
                 Populous
                 ,
                 and
                 store
                 of
                 Workmen
                 and
                 Tradesmen
                 might
                 be
                 had
                 with
                 little
                 pains
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 conceiv'd
                 both
                 necessary
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 for
                 the
                 increase
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 support
                 of
                 their
                 power
                 at
                 Sea
                 :
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 imploy'd
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 now
                 commanded
                 Pausanias
                 who
                 was
                 their
                 General
                 at
                 Platea
                 ,
                 to
                 free
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 from
                 the
                 Persian
                 Garrisons
                 which
                 still
                 remain'd
                 amongst
                 them
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 he
                 sail'd
                 from
                 Peloponesus
                 
                 (
                 with
                 Fifty
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 Athens
                 with
                 Thirty
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 Aristides
                 was
                 Admiral
                 )
                 to
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 deliver'd
                 the
                 Cities
                 from
                 the
                 Garrisons
                 that
                 were
                 fixt
                 amongst
                 them
                 .
                 Thence
                 sailing
                 back
                 to
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 Byzantium
                 ,
                 then
                 under
                 the
                 Persian
                 Yoke
                 ,
                 and
                 freed
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 being
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 ;
                 amongst
                 whom
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 of
                 great
                 Quality
                 were
                 taken
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 the
                 care
                 and
                 custody
                 of
                 Gongylus
                 of
                 Eretria
                 ,
                 under
                 pretence
                 to
                 reserve
                 them
                 for
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 truth
                 to
                 return
                 them
                 safe
                 to
                 Xerxes
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 contracted
                 a
                 private
                 Confederacy
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 to
                 marry
                 the
                 King's
                 Daughter
                 for
                 his
                 Reward
                 ,
                 in
                 undertaking
                 to
                 betray
                 Greece
                 .
                 All
                 these
                 Matters
                 were
                 transacted
                 by
                 Messengers
                 and
                 Interpreters
                 between
                 him
                 and
                 Artabazus
                 the
                 Persian
                 General
                 ,
                 who
                 secretly
                 fed
                 Pansanias
                 with
                 Money
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 he
                 corrupted
                 such
                 Grecians
                 as
                 were
                 for
                 his
                 Purpose
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Treason
                 was
                 discover'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Author
                 fell
                 under
                 just
                 Punishment
                 in
                 
                 this
                 manner
                 :
                 Giving
                 himself
                 up
                 to
                 Persian
                 Luxury
                 and
                 Excess
                 ,
                 and
                 carrying
                 it
                 with
                 great
                 Insolency
                 and
                 Tyranny
                 towards
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 committed
                 to
                 his
                 Charge
                 ,
                 all
                 highly
                 resented
                 his
                 Pride
                 and
                 Haughtiness
                 ,
                 especially
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 born
                 any
                 Office
                 and
                 place
                 of
                 Magistracy
                 in
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 .
                 The
                 Souldiers
                 therefore
                 every
                 where
                 murmuring
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 their
                 Meetings
                 ,
                 complaining
                 one
                 
                 to
                 another
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Pride
                 and
                 Tyranny
                 of
                 Pausanias
                 ,
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 at
                 length
                 deserted
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 to
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 to
                 accuse
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Aristides
                 the
                 Athenian
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 occasion
                 in
                 all
                 publick
                 Meetings
                 and
                 Assemblies
                 ,
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 fair
                 and
                 smooth
                 Words
                 so
                 far
                 wrought
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 prevail
                 with
                 them
                 to
                 put
                 themselves
                 under
                 the
                 Protection
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 help'd
                 forward
                 the
                 matter
                 to
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 was
                 this
                 that
                 follows
                 .
                 Pausanias
                 had
                 agreed
                 with
                 Artabazus
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 suffer
                 any
                 to
                 return
                 that
                 brought
                 him
                 Letters
                 from
                 himself
                 ,
                 lest
                 their
                 Intreagues
                 should
                 be
                 discovered
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 all
                 such
                 Messengers
                 were
                 kill'd
                 to
                 prevent
                 their
                 Return
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 taken
                 notice
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 suspected
                 by
                 *
                 one
                 imploy'd
                 in
                 that
                 Affair
                 ,
                 he
                 open'd
                 the
                 Letters
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Contents
                 being
                 now
                 confirm'd
                 in
                 his
                 former
                 Opinion
                 of
                 the
                 Destruction
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 Letter-Carriers
                 ,
                 he
                 deliver'd
                 the
                 Letters
                 to
                 the
                 Ephori
                 ;
                 who
                 not
                 being
                 fully
                 satisfied
                 of
                 the
                 truth
                 by
                 those
                 Letters
                 which
                 were
                 very
                 dark
                 ;
                 but
                 insisting
                 upon
                 further
                 and
                 clearer
                 Evidence
                 ,
                 the
                 Messenger
                 told
                 them
                 he
                 would
                 find
                 out
                 a
                 way
                 how
                 they
                 might
                 convict
                 him
                 of
                 his
                 Treason
                 ,
                 by
                 Testimony
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Mouth
                 .
              
               
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Messenger
                 forthwith
                 went
                 to
                 Tenarus
                 ,
                 to
                 pay
                 his
                 Devotion
                 in
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Neptune
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 wrought
                 a
                 double
                 †
                 Tent
                 ,
                 one
                 within
                 another
                 ,
                 within
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 were
                 conceal'd
                 
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Ephori
                 and
                 other
                 
                   Spartans
                   .
                   Pausanias
                
                 hastens
                 
                 thither
                 ,
                 and
                 inquires
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 what
                 was
                 the
                 ground
                 and
                 cause
                 of
                 his
                 Earnestness
                 in
                 his
                 Addresses
                 ;
                 who
                 complain'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 by
                 his
                 Letters
                 had
                 determin'd
                 his
                 Death
                 notwithstanding
                 his
                 Innocency
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Pausanias
                 declar'd
                 he
                 was
                 very
                 sorry
                 for
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 and
                 begg'd
                 his
                 Pardon
                 ,
                 and
                 entreated
                 him
                 to
                 conceal
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 and
                 promised
                 he
                 would
                 bountifully
                 reward
                 him
                 :
                 And
                 so
                 they
                 parted
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Ephori
                 and
                 those
                 with
                 them
                 took
                 little
                 notice
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 business
                 ;
                 but
                 a
                 while
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 with
                 the
                 authority
                 of
                 the
                 Ephori
                 ,
                 consulted
                 together
                 to
                 seize
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 him
                 to
                 his
                 Tryal
                 ;
                 which
                 he
                 foreseeing
                 ,
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 
                   Minerva
                   Chalcidica
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 being
                 at
                 a
                 stand
                 ,
                 whether
                 it
                 were
                 lawful
                 for
                 them
                 to
                 force
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 his
                 Mother
                 went
                 thither
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 a
                 Tile
                 she
                 brought
                 with
                 her
                 before
                 the
                 Gate
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 doing
                 or
                 saying
                 any
                 other
                 thing
                 ,
                 return'd
                 to
                 her
                 own
                 House
                 ;
                 which
                 when
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 understood
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Mother's
                 Sentence
                 )
                 they
                 made
                 up
                 the
                 Gate
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 he
                 was
                 famish'd
                 to
                 Death
                 .
                 His
                 Body
                 indeed
                 was
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 his
                 Friends
                 to
                 be
                 bury'd
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Deity
                 was
                 highly
                 incens'd
                 for
                 the
                 Violation
                 of
                 the
                 Sanctuary
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 Spartans
                 went
                 to
                 enquire
                 
                 at
                 the
                 Oracle
                 of
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 concerning
                 some
                 other
                 matters
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 commanded
                 to
                 restore
                 the
                 Suppliant
                 to
                 the
                 Goddess
                 :
                 Which
                 Command
                 being
                 impossible
                 for
                 them
                 to
                 observe
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 and
                 great
                 Consultations
                 among
                 'em
                 what
                 was
                 best
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 this
                 Resolve
                 ,
                 to
                 set
                 up
                 and
                 dedicate
                 Two
                 Brazen
                 Statues
                 of
                 Pausanias
                 in
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Minerva
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 done
                 accordingly
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 according
                 to
                 our
                 usual
                 manner
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 Course
                 of
                 our
                 History
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 used
                 to
                 advance
                 the
                 just
                 Praises
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 vertuous
                 
                 and
                 deserving
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 to
                 perpetuate
                 the
                 dishonourable
                 Actions
                 (
                 after
                 their
                 Deaths
                 )
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 acted
                 wickedly
                 ,
                 so
                 we
                 shall
                 not
                 let
                 pass
                 the
                 detestable
                 Malice
                 and
                 Treason
                 of
                 Pausanias
                 ,
                 without
                 Censure
                 .
                 For
                 who
                 could
                 not
                 but
                 admire
                 the
                 madness
                 of
                 this
                 Man
                 ?
                 who
                 after
                 his
                 Victory
                 obtain'd
                 at
                 Platea
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 other
                 noble
                 Actions
                 ,
                 being
                 grown
                 so
                 deservedly
                 famous
                 and
                 popular
                 among
                 
                 the
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 did
                 not
                 only
                 neglect
                 to
                 preserve
                 what
                 honour
                 and
                 authority
                 he
                 had
                 gain'd
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 a
                 sordid
                 manner
                 (
                 thirsting
                 after
                 the
                 Riches
                 and
                 effeminate
                 Delights
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Persians
                   ,
                
                 )
                 wickedly
                 stain'd
                 all
                 his
                 former
                 Glory
                 by
                 Treason
                 .
                 Grown
                 proud
                 by
                 success
                 ,
                 he
                 grew
                 weary
                 of
                 the
                 plain
                 Laconian
                 way
                 of
                 Living
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 himself
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Luxury
                 ,
                 Voluptuousness
                 ,
                 and
                 softness
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 whom
                 it
                 less
                 became
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 Men
                 to
                 imitate
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 knew
                 (
                 not
                 by
                 relation
                 from
                 others
                 )
                 but
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Experience
                 ,
                 how
                 much
                 the
                 severe
                 Discipline
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 did
                 exceed
                 the
                 soft
                 Manners
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 advancement
                 of
                 Vertue
                 and
                 Courage
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 his
                 Treason
                 not
                 only
                 brought
                 upon
                 himself
                 just
                 punishment
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 was
                 the
                 occasion
                 that
                 all
                 his
                 fellow
                 Citizens
                 were
                 deprived
                 of
                 the
                 Admiralty
                 at
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 For
                 the
                 great
                 care
                 and
                 integrity
                 of
                 Aristides
                 in
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 being
                 taken
                 notice
                 of
                 ,
                 as
                 likewise
                 his
                 Courtesie
                 and
                 Moderation
                 towards
                 all
                 
                 that
                 were
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 (
                 and
                 that
                 managed
                 with
                 an
                 apparent
                 demonstration
                 of
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Virtuons
                 Qualities
                 )
                 all
                 with
                 one
                 consent
                 chose
                 to
                 subject
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 The
                 Captains
                 and
                 Officers
                 therefore
                 sent
                 from
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 no
                 longer
                 regarding
                 Pausanias
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 admiring
                 Aristides
                 ,
                 submitted
                 in
                 every
                 thing
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 he
                 got
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 without
                 Blows
                 .
              
               
                 Aristides
                 therefore
                 forthwith
                 propounds
                 to
                 his
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 decreed
                 by
                 the
                 general
                 Consent
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 in
                 their
                 Publick
                 Assemblies
                 ,
                 that
                 from
                 thenceforth
                 a
                 common
                 Fond
                 or
                 Treasury
                 should
                 be
                 appointed
                 at
                 Delos
                 ,
                 where
                 all
                 the
                 Money
                 collected
                 for
                 publick
                 Service
                 should
                 be
                 kept
                 .
                 In
                 pursuance
                 of
                 which
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 better
                 managing
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Persians
                 (
                 wherewith
                 they
                 were
                 then
                 threatned
                 )
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 were
                 commanded
                 to
                 contribute
                 
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Abilities
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 so
                 liberally
                 done
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Sum
                 amounted
                 to
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Sixty
                 Talents
                 ;
                 which
                 he
                 so
                 equally
                 and
                 justly
                 disposed
                 of
                 (
                 being
                 made
                 Lord
                 Treasurer
                 )
                 that
                 he
                 gain'd
                 the
                 entire
                 consent
                 and
                 approbation
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 to
                 whatsoever
                 he
                 thought
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 .
              
               
               
                 And
                 now
                 having
                 accomplished
                 that
                 ,
                 which
                 above
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 seemed
                 to
                 be
                 most
                 difficult
                 ;
                 for
                 his
                 Justice
                 and
                 Integrity
                 ,
                 he
                 got
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Aristides
                 the
                 Just
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 time
                 that
                 Pausanias
                 by
                 his
                 Wickedness
                 depriv'd
                 his
                 Citizens
                 of
                 the
                 chief
                 Command
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 Aristides
                 by
                 his
                 Virtue
                 gain'd
                 for
                 the
                 Athenians
                 that
                 Sovereignty
                 which
                 they
                 never
                 had
                 before
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 Actions
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Hiero
                   King
                   of
                   Sicily
                   prepares
                   to
                   besiege
                   Agrigentum
                   ;
                   discovers
                   the
                   Treason
                   of
                   them
                   of
                   Himera
                   to
                   Thero
                   their
                   Prince
                   .
                   Expells
                   the
                   Cateneans
                   and
                   Naxians
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHen
                 Phedon
                 was
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 Seventy
                 Sixth
                 Olympiad
                 was
                 perform'd
                 ,
                 
                 in
                 which
                 Scamander
                 of
                 Mitylene
                 was
                 Victor
                 ;
                 the
                 Consuls
                 of
                 Rome
                 were
                 
                   Cesus
                   Fabius
                
                 and
                 
                   Spur.
                   Furius
                   Medullinus
                
                 .
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 died
                 Leotichidas
                 King
                 of
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Two
                 and
                 Twentieth
                 Year
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 succeeded
                 Archilaus
                 ,
                 who
                 reign'd
                 Two
                 and
                 Forty
                 Years
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 died
                 Anaxilaus
                 King
                 of
                 Rhegium
                 ,
                 and
                 Zancles
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 governed
                 Eighteen
                 Years
                 ,
                 and
                 Micychus
                 (
                 a
                 faithful
                 Trustee
                 )
                 was
                 admitted
                 into
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 upon
                 Condition
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 restore
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Children
                 of
                 the
                 deceased
                 King
                 when
                 they
                 
                 came
                 of
                 Age.
                 
              
               
                 Hiero
                 King
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Gelo
                 ,
                 had
                 a
                 jealous
                 Eye
                 towards
                 
                 his
                 Brother
                 Polyzelus
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 his
                 great
                 Interest
                 and
                 Esteem
                 among
                 the
                 People
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 contriv'd
                 how
                 to
                 take
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 way
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 end
                 ,
                 he
                 imploys
                 all
                 Mercenaries
                 and
                 Strangers
                 about
                 him
                 for
                 his
                 Guard
                 ,
                 judging
                 that
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 surest
                 way
                 for
                 the
                 keeping
                 Possession
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 when
                 the
                 *
                 Sybarites
                 were
                 besieged
                 by
                 the
                 †
                 Crotonites
                 ,
                 and
                 desir'd
                 assistance
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 committed
                 the
                 charge
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 to
                 Polyzelus
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 purpose
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 fall
                 in
                 the
                 Battel
                 .
                 But
                 Polyzelus
                 suspecting
                 the
                 Design
                 ,
                 refused
                 the
                 Command
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 fell
                 into
                 a
                 great
                 Rage
                 against
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 who
                 fled
                 to
                 Thero
                 King
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 Hiero
                 makes
                 all
                 preparation
                 
                 and
                 speed
                 to
                 besiege
                 them
                 both
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Thrasideus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Thero
                 being
                 Governor
                 of
                 Himera
                 ,
                 by
                 
                 his
                 harsh
                 and
                 severe
                 Government
                 ,
                 quite
                 lost
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 not
                 daring
                 to
                 complain
                 to
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 (
                 not
                 looking
                 upon
                 him
                 as
                 an
                 impartial
                 Judge
                 )
                 sent
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 Hiero
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 Accusations
                 against
                 Thrasideus
                 ,
                 and
                 offer
                 both
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 their
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 against
                 Thero
                 .
                 But
                 Hiero
                 (
                 judging
                 it
                 better
                 for
                 his
                 purpose
                 to
                 deal
                 with
                 Thero
                 in
                 a
                 calm
                 and
                 peaceable
                 manner
                 )
                 secretly
                 betrays
                 the
                 Himerians
                 and
                 their
                 Plots
                 against
                 him
                 .
                 All
                 things
                 being
                 made
                 apparent
                 and
                 plain
                 ,
                 Thero
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 reconcil'd
                 to
                 Hiero
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 
                 restores
                 Polyzelus
                 to
                 his
                 Brother
                 's
                 former
                 Love
                 and
                 Favour
                 ,
                 and
                 puts
                 to
                 death
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Traitors
                 of
                 Himera
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Hiero
                 expelled
                 the
                 Cataneans
                 and
                 Naxians
                 from
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 planted
                 the
                 Cities
                 with
                 new
                 Colonies
                 of
                 Five
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 out
                 of
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 from
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 
                   Catana
                   Aetna
                
                 ;
                 and
                 distributed
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Catana
                 ,
                 but
                 many
                 large
                 Tracts
                 adjoyning
                 ,
                 by
                 Lot
                 amongst
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 he
                 did
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 have
                 Succors
                 at
                 hand
                 upon
                 any
                 Pressing
                 occasion
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 be
                 honoured
                 after
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Founder
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 (
                 wherein
                 were
                 contained
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 The
                 Cataneans
                 and
                 Naxians
                 he
                 transplanted
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Leontines
                 ,
                 commanding
                 them
                 to
                 abide
                 there
                 in
                 common
                 freedom
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
              
               
               
                 Thero
                 in
                 like
                 manner
                 considering
                 how
                 Himera
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 measure
                 depopulated
                 ,
                 planted
                 the
                 Doreans
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 ordered
                 that
                 whosoever
                 would
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 inroll'd
                 Citizens
                 of
                 that
                 Place
                 .
                 These
                 govern'd
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 with
                 great
                 Commendation
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Fifty
                 Eight
                 Years
                 :
                 Not
                 long
                 after
                 which
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 raz'd
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 which
                 hath
                 continu'd
                 ruin'd
                 and
                 in
                 its
                 Rubbish
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VIII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Lacedemonians
                   quarrel
                   with
                   the
                   Athenians
                   for
                   the
                   Dominion
                   of
                   the
                   Sea.
                   
                
              
               
                 WHen
                 Dromoclides
                 was
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Fabius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Manlius
                
                 
                 Consuls
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 were
                 highly
                 concern'd
                 for
                 their
                 loss
                 of
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 being
                 greatly
                 exasperated
                 against
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 deserted
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 breath'd
                 out
                 Revenge
                 ,
                 with
                 just
                 Indignation
                 against
                 them
                 .
                 A
                 General
                 Council
                 therefore
                 being
                 call'd
                 ,
                 they
                 advis'd
                 together
                 concerning
                 War
                 to
                 be
                 proclaim'd
                 against
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 Recovery
                 of
                 their
                 Dominion
                 at
                 Sea
                 :
                 And
                 in
                 several
                 other
                 Assemblies
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 (
                 especially
                 the
                 Young
                 Men
                 )
                 were
                 very
                 hot
                 and
                 eager
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 vaunting
                 every
                 where
                 how
                 rich
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 if
                 they
                 succeeded
                 in
                 their
                 Design
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 all
                 would
                 be
                 encouraged
                 in
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 when
                 every
                 private
                 Family
                 hath
                 had
                 such
                 advantages
                 and
                 occasions
                 to
                 enrich
                 and
                 advance
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 they
                 call'd
                 to
                 mind
                 an
                 old
                 Prophesie
                 from
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 which
                 bid
                 them
                 
                 beware
                 of
                 having
                 but
                 an
                 half
                 Empire
                 ,
                 which
                 could
                 signifie
                 nothing
                 else
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 alledg'd
                 )
                 but
                 the
                 present
                 Circumstances
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 there
                 were
                 Two
                 Sovereignties
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 at
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 lost
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 they
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 Masters
                 but
                 of
                 a
                 Lame
                 Government
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 whole
                 City
                 almost
                 being
                 of
                 the
                 Opinion
                 for
                 a
                 War
                 ,
                 the
                 matter
                 was
                 again
                 referr'd
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 supposing
                 none
                 would
                 dare
                 to
                 contradict
                 the
                 general
                 Sense
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 .
                 But
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Senators
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Family
                 of
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 
                 call'd
                 Hetaemaridas
                 ,
                 (
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 Esteem
                 among
                 the
                 Citizens
                 for
                 his
                 Virtue
                 )
                 advised
                 quite
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 and
                 declar'd
                 his
                 Opinion
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 suffer
                 the
                 Athenians
                 quietly
                 to
                 enjoy
                 the
                 Dominion
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 the
                 Custom
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 of
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 to
                 contend
                 about
                 that
                 Sovereignty
                 .
                 And
                 urging
                 many
                 Reasons
                 for
                 the
                 confirmation
                 of
                 his
                 Opinion
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 not
                 at
                 first
                 very
                 grateful
                 )
                 he
                 at
                 length
                 prevail'd
                 both
                 with
                 the
                 Senate
                 and
                 People
                 to
                 wave
                 the
                 War.
                 And
                 so
                 it
                 was
                 concluded
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Advice
                 ,
                 as
                 most
                 advantagious
                 to
                 desist
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Athenians
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 were
                 in
                 great
                 fear
                 of
                 a
                 bloody
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Spartans
                 about
                 this
                 Command
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 they
                 built
                 many
                 Gallies
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 provided
                 a
                 great
                 Mass
                 of
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 and
                 sought
                 to
                 gain
                 all
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 and
                 Confederates
                 with
                 the
                 greatest
                 Demonstrations
                 of
                 kindness
                 and
                 courtesie
                 imaginable
                 .
                 But
                 hearing
                 of
                 what
                 was
                 resolv'd
                 and
                 determin'd
                 by
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 all
                 fear
                 of
                 War
                 being
                 now
                 vanish'd
                 ,
                 they
                 wholly
                 bent
                 their
                 Minds
                 to
                 advance
                 the
                 power
                 and
                 greatness
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 IX
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Hiero
                   breaks
                   the
                   power
                   of
                   the
                   Hetruscans
                   by
                   Sea.
                   
                
              
               
                 WHen
                 Acestoridas
                 was
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Cesus
                   Fabius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   T.
                   Virginius
                
                 
                 Consuls
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 Hiero
                 King
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 (
                 at
                 the
                 Request
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 of
                 Cuma
                 in
                 Italy
                 by
                 their
                 Ambassadors
                 who
                 were
                 greatly
                 annoy'd
                 by
                 the
                 Hetruscans
                 )
                 sent
                 a
                 considerable
                 Fleet
                 to
                 their
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 who
                 joyning
                 Battel
                 with
                 the
                 Hetruscans
                 of
                 Tyrenia
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Sea-Fight
                 sunk
                 several
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 obtain'd
                 a
                 compleat
                 Victory
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 Hetruscans
                 being
                 broken
                 ,
                 they
                 return'd
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 X.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   War
                   between
                   the
                   Tarentines
                   and
                   the
                   Japigians
                   .
                
              
               
                 MEnon
                 being
                 Archon
                 of
                 
                   Athens
                   ,
                   L.
                   Aemilius
                   Mamercus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   C.
                   Cornelius
                   L●ntulus
                
                 ,
                 Consuls
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 broke
                 out
                 a
                 War
                 between
                 the
                 Tarentines
                 and
                 the
                 
                 Japiges
                 ,
                 concerning
                 the
                 Limits
                 of
                 their
                 Lands
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 first
                 there
                 were
                 but
                 little
                 Skirmishes
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 Booties
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Enmity
                 increasing
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Slaughters
                 being
                 committed
                 far
                 and
                 near
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 it
                 broke
                 out
                 into
                 open
                 War.
                 The
                 Japiges
                 ,
                 of
                 their
                 Citizens
                 and
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 bring
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 above
                 Twenty
                 Thousand
                 Men.
                 The
                 Tarentines
                 understanding
                 the
                 great
                 Preparation
                 made
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 both
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 Citizens
                 and
                 Confederates
                 of
                 Rhegium
                 ,
                 likewise
                 take
                 the
                 Field
                 .
                 A
                 bloody
                 Battel
                 was
                 fought
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 many
                 kill'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 Japiges
                 became
                 absolute
                 Victors
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Pursuit
                 ,
                 the
                 Tarentines
                 were
                 scattered
                 ,
                 and
                 broken
                 into
                 Two
                 Parties
                 ,
                 whereof
                 one
                 fled
                 back
                 towards
                 Tarentum
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 were
                 furiously
                 driven
                 towards
                 Rhegium
                 .
                 The
                 Japiges
                 likewise
                 divided
                 themselves
                 into
                 Two
                 Parties
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 pursu'd
                 close
                 upon
                 the
                 back
                 of
                 the
                 Tarentines
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 distance
                 of
                 Place
                 was
                 but
                 very
                 small
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 made
                 .
                 The
                 other
                 Party
                 so
                 hotly
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 of
                 Rhegium
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 fell
                 in
                 pell-mell
                 with
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 took
                 and
                 possessed
                 it
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XI
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Death
                   of
                   Thero
                   Prince
                   of
                   Agrigentum
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Tyranny
                   of
                   his
                   Son
                   Thrasydeus
                   ,
                   who
                   Abdicated
                   the
                   Government
                   ,
                   and
                   kill'd
                   himself
                   .
                   Three
                   Hundred
                   of
                   the
                   Family
                   of
                   the
                   Fabii
                   slain
                   at
                   one
                   time
                   .
                
              
               
                 THE
                 next
                 Year
                 ,
                 Chares
                 was
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 
                   Rome
                   ,
                   Titus
                   Memius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 
                   Caius
                   Horatius
                
                 were
                 Consuls
                 .
                 Then
                 were
                 celebrated
                 the
                 Olympian
                 Games
                 at
                 Elis
                 ,
                 being
                 the
                 Seventy
                 .
                 Seventh
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 
                 in
                 which
                 Dancles
                 of
                 Argos
                 was
                 Victor
                 .
                 About
                 this
                 
                 time
                 ,
                 Thero
                 King
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 died
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Sixteenth
                 Year
                 
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 ,
                 and
                 Thrasydeus
                 his
                 Son
                 succeeded
                 .
              
               
                 Thero
                 governed
                 with
                 great
                 Moderation
                 and
                 Justice
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 therefore
                 was
                 greatly
                 loved
                 and
                 honoured
                 by
                 his
                 Subjects
                 :
                 And
                 at
                 his
                 Death
                 was
                 reverenced
                 as
                 a
                 Divine
                 Heroe
                 ;
                 but
                 his
                 Son
                 even
                 in
                 his
                 Father's
                 Life-time
                 ,
                 appeared
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 violent
                 and
                 bloody
                 Disposition
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 after
                 his
                 Father's
                 Death
                 ,
                 throwing
                 aside
                 all
                 restraint
                 of
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 he
                 rul'd
                 arbitrarily
                 and
                 tyrannically
                 :
                 For
                 which
                 
                 reason
                 his
                 Subjects
                 combin'd
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 not
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 intrusted
                 with
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 perfectly
                 hated
                 by
                 all
                 .
                 
                 And
                 therefore
                 within
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 after
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 an
                 end
                 suitable
                 to
                 his
                 Deserts
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 of
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Subjects
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 and
                 Himera
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 above
                 Twenty
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 and
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 these
                 went
                 against
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 But
                 Hiero
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Army
                 ,
                 
                 wasted
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 join'd
                 Battel
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 being
                 drawn
                 up
                 one
                 against
                 another
                 ,
                 were
                 slain
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 got
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 Two
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 ;
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 were
                 kill'd
                 above
                 Four
                 Thousand
                 .
              
               
                 Thrasideus
                 by
                 this
                 ill
                 Success
                 ,
                 perplexed
                 in
                 his
                 Mind
                 ,
                 Abdicated
                 his
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Megarians
                 call'd
                 Miseans
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 there
                 condemn'd
                 to
                 Dye
                 ,
                 slew
                 himself
                 .
                 The
                 Agrigentines
                 after
                 
                 they
                 had
                 restor'd
                 and
                 setled
                 their
                 Democratical
                 Government
                 ,
                 sent
                 an
                 Embassador
                 to
                 Hiero
                 ,
                 to
                 strike
                 up
                 a
                 Peace
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 had
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Veians
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Battel
                 at
                 Cremera
                 were
                 routed
                 ;
                 and
                 amongst
                 others
                 ,
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 of
                 the
                 Fabii
                 ,
                 all
                 of
                 one
                 Family
                 ,
                 were
                 slain
                 every
                 Man.
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 Affairs
                 and
                 Events
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Malice
                   of
                   the
                   Lacedemonians
                   against
                   Themistocles
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   Banishment
                   .
                   His
                   Praise
                   .
                
              
               
                 THE
                 next
                 Year
                 Praxiergus
                 being
                 Archon
                 of
                 
                   Athens
                   ,
                   Aulus
                   Virgilius
                   Tricostus
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 
                   C.
                   Servilius
                   ,
                   Roman
                
                 Consuls
                 ;
                 the
                 Eleans
                 who
                 before
                 lived
                 dispers'd
                 in
                 several
                 little
                 Villages
                 ,
                 now
                 imbody'd
                 themselves
                 into
                 one
                 City
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Elis.
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 observing
                 how
                 Sparta
                 was
                 contemn'd
                 and
                 evil
                 spoken
                 of
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Treachery
                 of
                 Pausanias
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Athens
                 grew
                 famous
                 for
                 their
                 Loyalty
                 and
                 Faithfulness
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 endeavour'd
                 all
                 they
                 could
                 to
                 stain
                 the
                 Athenians
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Blot
                 of
                 Ignominy
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 for
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 Themistocles
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 Repute
                 and
                 Esteem
                 amongst
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 they
                 accuse
                 him
                 of
                 Treason
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 consulted
                 with
                 Pausanias
                 how
                 
                 to
                 betray
                 Greece
                 to
                 Xerxes
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 more
                 to
                 provoke
                 the
                 Enemies
                 of
                 Themistocles
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 stir
                 them
                 up
                 to
                 accuse
                 him
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 use
                 both
                 of
                 Bribes
                 and
                 false
                 Insinuations
                 ,
                 affirming
                 that
                 Pausanias
                 discover'd
                 his
                 Treasonable
                 Design
                 of
                 betraying
                 Greece
                 unto
                 Themistocles
                 ,
                 and
                 solicited
                 him
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 both
                 in
                 Counsel
                 and
                 aid
                 other
                 ways
                 :
                 But
                 though
                 Themistocles
                 would
                 not
                 then
                 agree
                 to
                 do
                 that
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 look
                 upon
                 himself
                 obliged
                 to
                 discover
                 his
                 Friend
                 .
                 However
                 (
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 Potency
                 of
                 his
                 Adversaries
                 )
                 Themistocles
                 was
                 clearly
                 acquitted
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 his
                 Name
                 grew
                 more
                 famous
                 amongst
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 greatly
                 beloved
                 by
                 the
                 Citizens
                 for
                 the
                 former
                 eminent
                 Services
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 .
                 But
                 afterwards
                 (
                 when
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 Popularity
                 ,
                 he
                 became
                 suspected
                 by
                 some
                 ,
                 and
                 envy'd
                 by
                 others
                 )
                 unmindful
                 of
                 his
                 former
                 Deserts
                 )
                 they
                 determin'd
                 both
                 to
                 weaken
                 his
                 Authority
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 bring
                 down
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 his
                 Spirit
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 therefore
                 ,
                 they
                 Banish'd
                 him
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Judgment
                 of
                 Ostracism
                 .
                 This
                 
                 Law
                 was
                 instituted
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 were
                 expell'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 by
                 Pisistratus
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 Law
                 was
                 thus
                 ;
                 Every
                 Citizen
                 writ
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 him
                 in
                 a
                 Shell
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 
                 most
                 suspected
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 capacity
                 .
                 (
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 Power
                 and
                 Interest
                 )
                 to
                 overturn
                 the
                 Popular
                 Government
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 whose
                 Name
                 was
                 writ
                 in
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Shells
                 ,
                 was
                 forthwith
                 Banished
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Five
                 Years
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 Law
                 was
                 used
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 a
                 punishment
                 for
                 any
                 particular
                 
                 Offence
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 humble
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 proud
                 and
                 aspiring
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 Banishment
                 to
                 reduce
                 them
                 to
                 more
                 Moderation
                 and
                 Submission
                 .
              
               
                 Themistocles
                 thus
                 banish'd
                 from
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 went
                 to
                 Argos
                 ;
                 which
                 when
                 known
                 by
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 (
                 supposing
                 now
                 they
                 had
                 a
                 fair
                 opportunity
                 to
                 ruin
                 him
                 ,
                 )
                 they
                 sent
                 again
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 to
                 accuse
                 him
                 as
                 being
                 in
                 Conspiracy
                 with
                 Pausanias
                 in
                 his
                 Treason
                 ;
                 alledging
                 that
                 those
                 Injuries
                 which
                 did
                 concern
                 all
                 Greece
                 in
                 general
                 ,
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 determin'd
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 only
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 a
                 Common
                 Council
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 wont
                 upon
                 such
                 occasions
                 to
                 be
                 assembled
                 at
                 
                   Sparta
                   .
                   Themistocles
                
                 considering
                 that
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 were
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 expose
                 the
                 Athenians
                 to
                 Shame
                 and
                 Contempt
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 of
                 Athens
                 were
                 as
                 ready
                 to
                 oppose
                 them
                 ,
                 in
                 defending
                 their
                 Country
                 against
                 the
                 Crime
                 objected
                 ,
                 he
                 concluded
                 that
                 the
                 matter
                 concerning
                 him
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 agreed
                 to
                 be
                 heard
                 in
                 a
                 Common
                 and
                 General
                 Assembly
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 at
                 Sparta
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 had
                 had
                 experience
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 were
                 guided
                 more
                 by
                 Interest
                 and
                 Favour
                 ,
                 than
                 by
                 the
                 Rules
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 a
                 late
                 Experiment
                 was
                 apparent
                 in
                 a
                 Judgment
                 they
                 lately
                 gave
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Cause
                 between
                 them
                 of
                 Argos
                 and
                 Athens
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 Judges
                 in
                 that
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 were
                 so
                 envious
                 against
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 the
                 Athenians
                 provided
                 more
                 Ships
                 for
                 the
                 late
                 War
                 ,
                 than
                 all
                 the
                 Grecians
                 beside
                 ;
                 
                 yet
                 they
                 judg'd
                 them
                 worthy
                 of
                 no
                 more
                 Honour
                 than
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 :
                 For
                 these
                 Reasons
                 he
                 judg'd
                 it
                 not
                 advisable
                 to
                 trust
                 to
                 that
                 Assembly
                 at
                 Sparta
                 ;
                 for
                 from
                 his
                 late
                 defence
                 made
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 they
                 took
                 occasion
                 to
                 renew
                 their
                 Accusation
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 his
                 Justification
                 he
                 had
                 confess'd
                 he
                 had
                 received
                 Letters
                 from
                 Pausanias
                 ,
                 to
                 perswade
                 him
                 to
                 joyn
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Treason
                 ,
                 conceiving
                 this
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 strong
                 Argument
                 for
                 the
                 support
                 of
                 his
                 Innocency
                 ;
                 in
                 
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 concluded
                 ,
                 that
                 Pausanias
                 would
                 never
                 have
                 used
                 such
                 earnest
                 intreaty
                 ,
                 unless
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 disallow'd
                 of
                 Pausanias
                 his
                 Treasonable
                 Designs
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 these
                 Reasons
                 ,
                 Themistocles
                 fled
                 to
                 Admeius
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Molossians
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 his
                 Court
                 humbly
                 prayed
                 for
                 Protection
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 receiv'd
                 him
                 courteously
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 take
                 care
                 of
                 his
                 safety
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 sent
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 demand
                 Themistocles
                 ,
                 calling
                 him
                 Traytor
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 ruin
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 denouncing
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 King
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 unless
                 he
                 did
                 deliver
                 him
                 :
                 The
                 King
                 at
                 length
                 mov'd
                 with
                 their
                 Threats
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 pitying
                 his
                 late
                 Suppliant
                 on
                 the
                 one
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 desiring
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 imputation
                 of
                 ignominy
                 ,
                 of
                 harbouring
                 a
                 Traitor
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 advis'd
                 Themistocles
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 be
                 gone
                 as
                 privately
                 as
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 for
                 his
                 support
                 in
                 his
                 Flight
                 .
                 Having
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Supplies
                 necessary
                 ,
                 provided
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 for
                 
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 fled
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 from
                 the
                 Molossians
                 ,
                 and
                 finding
                 Two
                 Young
                 Merchants
                 of
                 Liguria
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 well
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 Voyage
                 ,
                 he
                 fled
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 unwearied
                 care
                 and
                 industry
                 of
                 the
                 Two
                 Young
                 Men
                 ,
                 he
                 deceiv'd
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 safe
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 
                 where
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 special
                 Friend
                 call'd
                 Lysithedas
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 wealth
                 and
                 interest
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 him
                 he
                 abode
                 .
                 This
                 Man
                 was
                 in
                 great
                 favour
                 with
                 Xerxes
                 the
                 Persian
                 
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 nobly
                 entertain'd
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 as
                 they
                 pass'd
                 that
                 way
                 :
                 By
                 which
                 means
                 he
                 became
                 very
                 familiar
                 and
                 endear'd
                 to
                 the
                 King.
                 The
                 Man
                 pitying
                 the
                 present
                 condition
                 of
                 Themistocles
                 ,
                 endeavour'd
                 all
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 prefer
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 to
                 do
                 him
                 all
                 the
                 service
                 that
                 was
                 in
                 his
                 power
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 when
                 Themistocles
                 desir'd
                 him
                 to
                 bring
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ;
                 he
                 at
                 first
                 refused
                 ,
                 alledging
                 if
                 he
                 did
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 would
                 take
                 off
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 so
                 much
                 Mischief
                 to
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 Yet
                 when
                 he
                 found
                 that
                 Themistocles
                 was
                 in
                 earnest
                 and
                 pressing
                 ,
                 he
                 yielded
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 ,
                 procur'd
                 him
                 a
                 safe
                 Conduct
                 into
                 Persia
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 a
                 Custom
                 there
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Concubines
                 
                 were
                 brought
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 carried
                 in
                 a
                 Chariot
                 close
                 cover'd
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 lawful
                 for
                 any
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 spie
                 or
                 inquire
                 who
                 was
                 so
                 carried
                 .
                 Lysitheidas
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 this
                 to
                 effect
                 what
                 he
                 design'd
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 procur'd
                 a
                 Chariot
                 sumptuously
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 Flags
                 and
                 Streamers
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 Themistocles
                 into
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 all
                 secresie
                 brought
                 him
                 safe
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ;
                 who
                 had
                 first
                 promis'd
                 Lysitheidas
                 
                 in
                 private
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 should
                 do
                 him
                 any
                 Injury
                 .
                 After
                 he
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 King's
                 presence
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 an
                 elegant
                 and
                 fluent
                 Discourse
                 ,
                 had
                 satisfied
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 been
                 any
                 ways
                 injurious
                 to
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 fairly
                 discharg'd
                 and
                 acquitted
                 .
                 And
                 being
                 thus
                 safe
                 by
                 the
                 favour
                 of
                 an
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 he
                 fell
                 presently
                 into
                 a
                 new
                 and
                 far
                 greater
                 danger
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 thus
                 —
              
               
                 Mandona
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Darius
                 that
                 destroy'd
                 the
                 Magi
                 ,
                 and
                 Sister
                 of
                 Xerxes
                 ,
                 
                 was
                 of
                 high
                 esteem
                 among
                 the
                 Persians
                 ;
                 she
                 lost
                 all
                 her
                 Children
                 in
                 the
                 Sea-Fight
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Persians
                 were
                 routed
                 ;
                 which
                 she
                 could
                 not
                 bear
                 without
                 great
                 trouble
                 ,
                 which
                 mov'd
                 all
                 to
                 pity
                 her
                 :
                 She
                 hearing
                 that
                 Themistocles
                 was
                 come
                 to
                 Court
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Mourning
                 Habit
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 many
                 Tears
                 ,
                 petitioned
                 the
                 King
                 her
                 Brother
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 kill
                 Themistocles
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 prevail
                 ,
                 she
                 solicited
                 the
                 Nobility
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 rais'd
                 a
                 tumultuous
                 Multitude
                 ,
                 to
                 demand
                 Justice
                 against
                 him
                 ;
                 who
                 rush'd
                 with
                 great
                 Clamours
                 and
                 Noise
                 into
                 the
                 Palace
                 ,
                 crying
                 out
                 for
                 Justice
                 against
                 Themistocles
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 told
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 call
                 a
                 Senate
                 ,
                 and
                 whatever
                 they
                 ordered
                 should
                 be
                 effected
                 .
                 Themistocles
                 had
                 time
                 sufficient
                 given
                 him
                 to
                 prepare
                 for
                 his
                 Trial
                 ;
                 within
                 which
                 time
                 he
                 perfectly
                 learnt
                 the
                 Persian
                 Language
                 ,
                 and
                 did
                 so
                 manage
                 and
                 plead
                 his
                 own
                 Cause
                 before
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 acquitted
                 both
                 of
                 Guilt
                 and
                 
                 Punishment
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 King
                 rejoic'd
                 at
                 his
                 Discharge
                 ,
                 and
                 honour'd
                 him
                 with
                 many
                 rich
                 Gifts
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 gave
                 to
                 him
                 in
                 Marriage
                 a
                 Virtuous
                 Persian
                 Lady
                 ,
                 of
                 Noble
                 Birth
                 ,
                 and
                 excellent
                 Beauty
                 :
                 And
                 order'd
                 him
                 many
                 Servants
                 to
                 wait
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 him
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 drinking
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 things
                 for
                 daily
                 use
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 for
                 necessity
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 delight
                 and
                 pleasure
                 .
                 He
                 bestow'd
                 likewise
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 Three
                 Cities
                 for
                 his
                 Support
                 and
                 Maintainance
                 :
                 Magnesia
                 near
                 the
                 River
                 Meander
                 (
                 the
                 richest
                 City
                 of
                 Asia
                 for
                 Corn
                 )
                 to
                 provide
                 him
                 Bread.
                 Mynutes
                 for
                 
                 Meat
                 and
                 Victuals
                 ,
                 being
                 near
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 where
                 much
                 Fish
                 was
                 caught
                 ;
                 and
                 Lampsacus
                 full
                 of
                 Vines
                 for
                 his
                 Drink
                 .
              
               
                 Themistocles
                 now
                 free
                 from
                 all
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 (
                 by
                 whom
                 he
                 was
                 undeservedly
                 banish'd
                 after
                 all
                 the
                 good
                 Services
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 richly
                 provided
                 for
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 afflicted
                 with
                 grievous
                 Slaughters
                 ,
                 )
                 lived
                 in
                 these
                 Cities
                 with
                 great
                 plenty
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 he
                 died
                 at
                 Magnesia
                 ,
                 
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 Buried
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Sumptuous
                 Monument
                 there
                 set
                 up
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 which
                 remains
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 .
              
               
                 Xerxes
                 long'd
                 to
                 renew
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 requir'd
                 Themistocles
                 to
                 
                 be
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 :
                 Who
                 assented
                 ,
                 upon
                 Condition
                 that
                 Xerxes
                 would
                 swear
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 undertake
                 the
                 War
                 without
                 him
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 a
                 Bull
                 was
                 sacrifi'd
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 Solemnity
                 the
                 King
                 swore
                 accordingly
                 .
                 Then
                 Themistocles
                 drunk
                 off
                 a
                 Cup
                 of
                 the
                 Bull
                 's
                 Blood
                 ,
                 and
                 immediately
                 fell
                 down
                 Dead
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 was
                 Xerxes
                 diverted
                 ,
                 and
                 Themistocles
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 his
                 Death
                 )
                 left
                 behind
                 him
                 a
                 remarkable
                 Evidence
                 of
                 his
                 Sincerity
                 in
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 we
                 are
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 the
                 bravest
                 Man
                 amongst
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 justly
                 doubted
                 whether
                 he
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 with
                 
                 the
                 stain
                 of
                 any
                 Guilt
                 or
                 Treachery
                 against
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 believ'd
                 that
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 ingrateful
                 for
                 all
                 the
                 good
                 Services
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 forc'd
                 him
                 most
                 unjustly
                 into
                 extream
                 Hardships
                 and
                 Dangers
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 we
                 impartially
                 and
                 without
                 Envy
                 ,
                 examine
                 the
                 Temper
                 and
                 Actions
                 of
                 the
                 Man
                 ,
                 we
                 cannot
                 but
                 judge
                 him
                 in
                 every
                 respect
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 bravest
                 and
                 most
                 accomplished
                 Person
                 of
                 any
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 mention'd
                 .
                 Therefore
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 justly
                 admir'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Athenians
                 should
                 wilfully
                 deprive
                 themselves
                 of
                 so
                 excellent
                 a
                 Person
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 Sparta
                 was
                 in
                 greatest
                 power
                 above
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 Eurybiades
                 the
                 Spartan
                 was
                 High
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 who
                 but
                 he
                 by
                 his
                 Counsels
                 and
                 Management
                 ,
                 robb'd
                 all
                 the
                 Spartans
                 of
                 their
                 Glory
                 ?
                 Whom
                 have
                 we
                 ever
                 heard
                 of
                 that
                 by
                 one
                 Action
                 did
                 accomplish
                 that
                 which
                 advanc'd
                 his
                 Honour
                 above
                 all
                 Generals
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 City
                 above
                 all
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 Greece
                 it self
                 above
                 all
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ?
                 What
                 General
                 ever
                 had
                 less
                 Advantages
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 subject
                 to
                 greater
                 and
                 more
                 eminent
                 Dangers
                 ?
                 Who
                 ever
                 obtain'd
                 so
                 glorious
                 a
                 Victory
                 ,
                 opposing
                 the
                 combin'd
                 strength
                 of
                 all
                 Asia
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Citizens
                 of
                 a
                 poor
                 ruin'd
                 City
                 ?
                 Who
                 ever
                 advanc'd
                 his
                 Country
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 height
                 and
                 extent
                 of
                 Power
                 by
                 his
                 honourable
                 Actions
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 Peace
                 ?
                 Who
                 ever
                 so
                 preserved
                 his
                 
                 Country
                 in
                 the
                 greatest
                 heat
                 of
                 a
                 devouring
                 War
                 ?
                 By
                 one
                 well
                 laid
                 Stratagem
                 of
                 pulling
                 down
                 a
                 Bridge
                 ,
                 he
                 ruin'd
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Land-Forces
                 ,
                 causing
                 them
                 to
                 divide
                 one
                 half
                 from
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 making
                 it
                 more
                 easie
                 for
                 the
                 Grecians
                 to
                 destroy
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 Therefore
                 if
                 we
                 seriously
                 consider
                 the
                 things
                 done
                 by
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 exactly
                 and
                 particularly
                 examine
                 them
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 evidently
                 appear
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 most
                 unworthily
                 dealt
                 with
                 by
                 a
                 City
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 by
                 his
                 Virtue
                 and
                 Valour
                 advanc'd
                 to
                 the
                 highest
                 pitch
                 of
                 Glory
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 that
                 City
                 which
                 was
                 esteemed
                 and
                 reputed
                 the
                 Justest
                 and
                 Wisest
                 ,
                 was
                 to
                 him
                 most
                 Cruel
                 and
                 Unjust
                 .
              
               
                 Though
                 this
                 may
                 seem
                 a
                 long
                 digression
                 in
                 the
                 praise
                 of
                 Themistocles
                 ,
                 yet
                 we
                 conceiv'd
                 it
                 an
                 inexcusable
                 neglect
                 ,
                 slightly
                 to
                 pass
                 over
                 his
                 excellent
                 and
                 incomparable
                 Virtues
                 .
                 During
                 these
                 Times
                 ,
                 Micythus
                 Prince
                 of
                 Rhegium
                 ,
                 and
                 Zancles
                 built
                 Teuxuntum
                 in
                 Italy
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XIII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Cymon
                   the
                   Athenian
                   General
                   ,
                   gains
                   many
                   Places
                   for
                   the
                   Athenians
                   ;
                   routs
                   the
                   Persians
                   by
                   a
                   Stratagem
                   at
                   Eurymedentum
                   .
                
              
               
                 DEmotion
                 or
                 Dromodides
                 being
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 chose
                 
                   P.
                   Valerius
                
                 
                 Publicola
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Naulius
                   Rufus
                
                 Consuls
                 .
              
               
                 During
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Demotion
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 chose
                 Cymon
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Miltiades
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 pass
                 
                 over
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 to
                 aid
                 the
                 Confederate
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 free
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 as
                 yet
                 garrison'd
                 by
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 He
                 came
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 to
                 Bizantium
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 Eion
                 from
                 the
                 Persians
                 ;
                 and
                 forced
                 Scyrus
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Pelasgi
                 and
                 Delopes
                 inhabited
                 ;
                 and
                 appointing
                 one
                 amongst
                 the
                 Athenians
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Repair
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 divided
                 the
                 Country
                 by
                 Lot.
                 
              
               
                 From
                 hence
                 (
                 with
                 his
                 Mind
                 and
                 Thoughts
                 full
                 of
                 great
                 Projects
                 )
                 he
                 sail'd
                 back
                 
                 to
                 the
                 Pyreum
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 furnished
                 with
                 more
                 Ships
                 and
                 sufficient
                 Provision
                 ,
                 he
                 puts
                 forth
                 again
                 with
                 a
                 Navy
                 of
                 two
                 hundred
                 Sail.
                 
              
               
                 At
                 length
                 with
                 the
                 Ionians
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 he
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 Fleet
                 
                 of
                 three
                 hundred
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 for
                 Caria
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 there
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Cities
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea-Coast
                 ,
                 immediately
                 revolted
                 from
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 (
                 which
                 were
                 filled
                 with
                 the
                 natural
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 Persian
                 Garrisons
                 )
                 
                 Cymon
                 took
                 by
                 Storm
                 .
                 All
                 being
                 thus
                 brought
                 under
                 his
                 Power
                 in
                 
                   Caria
                   ,
                   Lycia
                
                 wholly
                 submitted
                 and
                 came
                 under
                 his
                 Protection
                 .
                 By
                 those
                 that
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 the
                 Fleet
                 was
                 greatly
                 encreased
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Persians
                 prepared
                 Land-Forces
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 but
                 their
                 Seamen
                 were
                 of
                 Phenicia
                 and
                 
                   Cilicia
                   :
                   Tithraustes
                   ,
                   Xerexs
                
                 his
                 Bastard
                 Son
                 ,
                 was
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 Cymon
                 having
                 Intelligence
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Persian
                 Fleet
                 lay
                 at
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 makes
                 straight
                 
                 thither
                 ,
                 and
                 joyns
                 Battle
                 with
                 his
                 Two
                 hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 Ships
                 ,
                 against
                 Three
                 hundred
                 and
                 forty
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 fought
                 stoutly
                 and
                 bravely
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ;
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 Victory
                 fell
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 besides
                 many
                 that
                 were
                 sunk
                 and
                 destroyed
                 )
                 took
                 above
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Ships
                 with
                 their
                 Men.
                 The
                 rest
                 flying
                 to
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 left
                 their
                 Ships
                 and
                 ran
                 ashore
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 empty
                 Vessels
                 afterwards
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 Cymon
                 being
                 not
                 yet
                 satisfied
                 with
                 this
                 Victory
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 sail'd
                 away
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Design
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Land-Army
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 then
                 encamp'd
                 at
                 Eurymedon
                 ,
                 contriving
                 to
                 delude
                 them
                 by
                 a
                 Stratagem
                 ;
                 
                 he
                 fill'd
                 the
                 Ships
                 he
                 had
                 taken
                 with
                 the
                 stoutest
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 with
                 Turbans
                 and
                 
                 other
                 Ornaments
                 attired
                 like
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 who
                 deceiv'd
                 by
                 the
                 Make
                 and
                 Furniture
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Ships
                 ,
                 took
                 them
                 for
                 a
                 fresh
                 Supply
                 ,
                 and
                 received
                 the
                 Athenians
                 as
                 Friends
                 .
              
               
                 Cymon
                 when
                 Night
                 came
                 ,
                 landed
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 taken
                 as
                 a
                 Friend
                 ,
                 he
                 rushed
                 into
                 the
                 Camp
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 now
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Confusion
                 and
                 Terror
                 ,
                 (
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 killing
                 all
                 before
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 amongst
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 Pheredates
                 in
                 his
                 Tent
                 ,
                 the
                 King's
                 Nephew
                 on
                 his
                 Brother's
                 side
                 ,
                 another
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 Army
                 .
                 )
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 through
                 the
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 Assault
                 ,
                 were
                 totally
                 routed
                 and
                 put
                 to
                 flight
                 ;
                 and
                 such
                 a
                 Fear
                 and
                 Consternation
                 surprized
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 of
                 'em
                 knew
                 not
                 by
                 whom
                 they
                 were
                 broken
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 imagine
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 assaulted
                 by
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 no
                 Land-Army
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 verily
                 perswaded
                 ;
                 but
                 thought
                 that
                 the
                 Pisideans
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 provoked
                 ,
                 had
                 risen
                 in
                 Arms
                 against
                 them
                 .
                 Supposing
                 therefore
                 this
                 Impression
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 from
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 they
                 fled
                 to
                 their
                 Ships
                 as
                 to
                 their
                 Friends
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 the
                 Night
                 was
                 very
                 dark
                 ,
                 the
                 Mistake
                 was
                 the
                 greater
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 mischievous
                 ,
                 none
                 knowing
                 certainly
                 what
                 to
                 do
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Persians
                 in
                 this
                 Confusion
                 were
                 slaughtered
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 Cymon
                 having
                 before
                 directed
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 should
                 lift
                 up
                 a
                 burning
                 Torch
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 all
                 repair
                 thither
                 ,
                 gave
                 the
                 Sign
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 fearing
                 some
                 Disaster
                 might
                 happen
                 by
                 his
                 Men
                 being
                 scatter'd
                 and
                 dispers'd
                 in
                 seeking
                 after
                 the
                 Pillage
                 of
                 the
                 Field
                 ;
                 at
                 the
                 Sight
                 of
                 the
                 Torch
                 they
                 left
                 off
                 pillaging
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 return'd
                 to
                 their
                 Ships
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 they
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 Trophy
                 near
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 sail'd
                 back
                 to
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 
                 fraught
                 with
                 two
                 glorious
                 Victories
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 at
                 Land.
                 For
                 it
                 was
                 never
                 before
                 known
                 ,
                 that
                 such
                 great
                 Things
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 were
                 ever
                 done
                 by
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Army
                 .
                 From
                 this
                 time
                 Cymon
                 for
                 the
                 great
                 Atchievments
                 he
                 had
                 bravely
                 and
                 wisely
                 perform'd
                 ,
                 both
                 by
                 his
                 Valour
                 and
                 Policy
                 ,
                 was
                 highly
                 advanc'd
                 in
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 amongst
                 his
                 Fellow-Citizens
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 took
                 Three
                 hundred
                 and
                 forty
                 Ships
                 ,
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 vast
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 .
                 The
                 Persians
                 greatly
                 perplexed
                 with
                 this
                 dreadful
                 Blow
                 ,
                 fell
                 a
                 Building
                 a
                 greater
                 Number
                 of
                 Ships
                 than
                 they
                 had
                 before
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 great
                 Successes
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 after
                 this
                 struck
                 them
                 with
                 Fear
                 and
                 Terror
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 City
                 increas'd
                 both
                 in
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 became
                 famous
                 abroad
                 for
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 their
                 Arms.
                 The
                 Athenians
                 dedicated
                 the
                 Tenths
                 of
                 the
                 Spoil
                 to
                 their
                 Gods
                 ,
                 with
                 this
                 Epigram
                 ;
              
               
                 
                   Since
                   Seas
                   from
                   
                     Europe
                     ,
                     Asia
                  
                   did
                   divide
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   Mars
                   first
                   rag'd
                   with
                   bloody
                   Hand
                   ,
                
                 
                   Among
                   Mankind
                   the
                   Sun
                   hath
                   not
                   espy'd
                
                 
                   So
                   sad
                   a
                   Fight
                   from
                   Sea
                   or
                   Land.
                
                 
                   From
                   the
                   Phenician
                   Fleet
                   when
                   strongly
                   man'd
                   ,
                
                 
                   An
                   Hundred
                   Ships
                   were
                   took
                   ,
                   these
                   slew
                
                 
                   Thousands
                   of
                   Medes
                   ,
                   made
                   Asia
                   sighing
                   stand
                
                 
                   Sad
                   ,
                   and
                   oppress'd
                   with
                   th'
                   Armed
                   Crew
                   .
                
              
               
                 These
                 were
                 the
                 things
                 done
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XIV
                 .
              
               
                 
                   A
                   great
                   Earthquake
                   in
                   Sparta
                   ;
                   the
                   War
                   upon
                   them
                   by
                   the
                   Helots
                   and
                   Missenians
                   .
                
              
               
                 PHedon
                 was
                 now
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Furius
                   Medullinus
                
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Manlius
                   Vulso
                
                 Consuls
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 when
                 a
                 most
                 sad
                 and
                 unexpected
                 Calamity
                 
                 happened
                 to
                 the
                 Spartans
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 an
                 Earthquake
                 there
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 Houses
                 were
                 wholly
                 overturn'd
                 ,
                 but
                 above
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Souls
                 buried
                 in
                 the
                 Rubbish
                 .
                 
                 The
                 City
                 shak'd
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 by
                 the
                 violent
                 Fall
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 Houses
                 miserably
                 perished
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Houshold-goods
                 and
                 Riches
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 were
                 by
                 this
                 dreadful
                 Shake
                 swallow'd
                 up
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 were
                 they
                 punished
                 as
                 by
                 some
                 angry
                 Deity
                 taking
                 Vengeance
                 upon
                 their
                 Crimes
                 .
                 And
                 were
                 afterwards
                 brought
                 under
                 many
                 other
                 Calamities
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 Men
                 upon
                 the
                 Accounts
                 following
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Helots
                 and
                 Missenians
                 (
                 inraged
                 not
                 long
                 before
                 against
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 )
                 
                 bridled
                 their
                 Anger
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 whilst
                 they
                 fear'd
                 the
                 Power
                 and
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Sparta
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 observ'd
                 that
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 Inhabitants
                 were
                 destroyed
                 by
                 the
                 late
                 Earthquake
                 (
                 setting
                 light
                 by
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 )
                 they
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 joint
                 Force
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Spartans
                 .
                 But
                 Archidamus
                 King
                 of
                 Sparta
                 by
                 his
                 Prudence
                 had
                 preserv'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 from
                 the
                 late
                 Ruin
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 these
                 resolutely
                 goes
                 forth
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 For
                 while
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 this
                 terrible
                 Convulsion
                 ,
                 Archidamus
                 suddenly
                 headed
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 hasten'd
                 into
                 the
                 open
                 Field
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 follow
                 him
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 this
                 remnant
                 
                 was
                 preserv'd
                 .
                 Having
                 then
                 marshal'd
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 he
                 prepared
                 for
                 Battle
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Helots
                 with
                 the
                 Missenians
                 in
                 their
                 first
                 Heat
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 Confidence
                 march'd
                 against
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 supposing
                 there
                 was
                 none
                 to
                 make
                 any
                 Defence
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 understood
                 that
                 Archidamus
                 was
                 ready
                 with
                 the
                 Citizens
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 ,
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 Country
                 ,
                 they
                 desisted
                 from
                 their
                 Design
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 
                 from
                 a
                 Fort
                 they
                 had
                 in
                 Missenia
                 they
                 made
                 daily
                 inrodes
                 into
                 Laconia
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Spartans
                 send
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 for
                 Aid
                 ,
                 who
                 furnish'd
                 them
                 with
                 Supplies
                 :
                 
                 And
                 at
                 length
                 ,
                 by
                 their
                 Diligence
                 in
                 procuring
                 Assistance
                 from
                 the
                 rest
                 
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 they
                 got
                 together
                 an
                 Army
                 equal
                 to
                 their
                 Enemies
                 :
                 Nay
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 far
                 superior
                 ;
                 but
                 afterwards
                 they
                 dismis'd
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 in
                 truth
                 ,
                 suspecting
                 that
                 they
                 favour'd
                 the
                 Messenians
                 ,
                 but
                 pretending
                 that
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 Confederates
                 were
                 sufficient
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 Service
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 looking
                 upon
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 Slight
                 and
                 an
                 Affront
                 ,
                 departed
                 grumbling
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 Indignation
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Hearts
                 boyling
                 with
                 Revenge
                 against
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ;
                 which
                 Hatred
                 increased
                 every
                 day
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 Cause
                 of
                 the
                 Enmity
                 between
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 which
                 afterwards
                 broke
                 out
                 into
                 open
                 Hostility
                 ,
                 and
                 fill'd
                 the
                 Cities
                 with
                 Cruelty
                 and
                 Bloodshed
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 Greece
                 with
                 Misery
                 and
                 Calamity
                 :
                 But
                 we
                 shall
                 write
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 distinctly
                 in
                 their
                 due
                 place
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 besieged
                 Ithome
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 all
                 the
                 Helots
                 revolted
                 from
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Messenians
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 though
                 the
                 War
                 had
                 continued
                 ten
                 Years
                 compleat
                 ,
                 wasting
                 one
                 another
                 with
                 various
                 Successes
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 decide
                 the
                 Controversy
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   War
                   between
                   the
                   Argives
                   and
                   the
                   Mycenians
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHen
                 Theaginidas
                 was
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Emilius
                   Mamercus
                
                 and
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Vopiscus
                   Julius
                
                 ,
                 Consuls
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 began
                 the
                 Seventy
                 Eighth
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 wherein
                 
                   Parmenidas
                   Possidoniates
                
                 was
                 Victor
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 the
                 War
                 broke
                 out
                 between
                 the
                 Argives
                 and
                 the
                 Mycenians
                 upon
                 the
                 following
                 Occasion
                 .
                 The
                 Mycenians
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 Renown
                 and
                 Glory
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 would
                 never
                 submit
                 to
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 Argives
                 ,
                 as
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 in
                 the
                 Territory
                 of
                 Argos
                 did
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 still
                 governed
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 distinct
                 from
                 them
                 of
                 Argos
                 .
                 They
                 contended
                 likewise
                 with
                 the
                 Argives
                 ,
                 concerning
                 the
                 Holy
                 Rights
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Juno
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 sole
                 Management
                 of
                 the
                 Nemean
                 Games
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Argives
                 made
                 a
                 Law
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 should
                 aid
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 at
                 Thermophyle
                 ,
                 unless
                 the
                 Spartans
                 would
                 relinquish
                 and
                 give
                 up
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 to
                 them
                 of
                 Argos
                 ,
                 they
                 of
                 Mycena
                 only
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Cities
                 in
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 Argos
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 And
                 lastly
                 ,
                 they
                 of
                 Argos
                 were
                 jealous
                 ,
                 lest
                 by
                 the
                 Growth
                 of
                 their
                 Power
                 ,
                 their
                 ancient
                 Courage
                 should
                 so
                 revive
                 as
                 to
                 contend
                 with
                 them
                 for
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 .
                 For
                 these
                 Reasons
                 they
                 had
                 an
                 evil
                 Eye
                 to
                 the
                 Mycenians
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 time
                 not
                 long
                 before
                 had
                 a
                 longing
                 Desire
                 to
                 ruin
                 their
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 they
                 thought
                 a
                 fit
                 Occasion
                 and
                 Opportunity
                 was
                 offer'd
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 accomplish
                 what
                 they
                 before
                 design'd
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Spartans
                 seemed
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 Condition
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 late
                 Calamity
                 ,
                 to
                 aid
                 and
                 assist
                 them
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 they
                 marched
                 against
                 'em
                 
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 both
                 from
                 Argos
                 and
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 routed
                 'em
                 ,
                 drove
                 'em
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 their
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 Mycenians
                 made
                 a
                 stout
                 Defence
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 but
                 wearied
                 out
                 and
                 wasted
                 by
                 Famine
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 Laccdemonians
                 partly
                 thro'
                 Wars
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 thro'
                 the
                 late
                 Ruins
                 by
                 the
                 Earthquake
                 unable
                 to
                 assist
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 Confederates
                 failing
                 )
                 they
                 became
                 a
                 Prey
                 to
                 the
                 Conquerors
                 .
                 The
                 Argives
                 made
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 Captives
                 ,
                 and
                 consecrated
                 a
                 Tenth
                 of
                 the
                 Spoil
                 to
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 the
                 City
                 even
                 with
                 
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
                 Such
                 was
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 Mycena
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 in
                 former
                 times
                 flourishing
                 
                 in
                 all
                 Prosperity
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 bred
                 and
                 brought
                 up
                 Men
                 famous
                 in
                 their
                 Generations
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 glorious
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 by
                 brave
                 and
                 noble
                 Actions
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 lies
                 wast
                 and
                 forsaken
                 unto
                 this
                 day
                 .
                 These
                 were
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XVI
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Death
                   of
                   Hiero.
                   
                
              
               
                 LYsiatus
                 being
                 Governour
                 or
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 chose
                 
                   Lucius
                   Pinarius
                   Mamercinus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Furius
                   Fusus
                
                 their
                 Consuls
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 Hiero
                 King
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 invited
                 to
                 him
                 with
                 many
                 rich
                 Presents
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Anaxalius
                 ,
                 Prince
                 of
                 Zancles
                 ,
                 now
                 Messina
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 them
                 in
                 mind
                 how
                 kind
                 Gelon
                 had
                 been
                 to
                 their
                 Father
                 ,
                 and
                 advis'd
                 'em
                 now
                 they
                 were
                 come
                 to
                 Mens
                 Estate
                 ,
                 to
                 call
                 Micythus
                 their
                 Tutor
                 to
                 account
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 and
                 Government
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Hands
                 .
                 Being
                 return'd
                 to
                 Rhegium
                 ,
                 they
                 forthwith
                 demanded
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 Micythus
                 of
                 his
                 Administration
                 ;
                 who
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 just
                 and
                 honest
                 Man
                 ,
                 call'd
                 together
                 all
                 the
                 Friends
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 young
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 so
                 full
                 and
                 clear
                 Account
                 of
                 his
                 Trust
                 ,
                 that
                 
                 all
                 then
                 present
                 admir'd
                 his
                 Justice
                 and
                 Faithfulness
                 .
                 The
                 Youths
                 now
                 sorry
                 for
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 desir'd
                 him
                 to
                 take
                 upon
                 him
                 again
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 their
                 Father
                 ,
                 to
                 order
                 and
                 dispose
                 of
                 all
                 Affairs
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 fit
                 .
                 But
                 Micythus
                 utterly
                 refus'd
                 to
                 be
                 any
                 longer
                 concern'd
                 ;
                 but
                 giving
                 up
                 all
                 ,
                 ship'd
                 his
                 Goods
                 ,
                 and
                 sail'd
                 forth
                 from
                 Rhegium
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 general
                 Love
                 and
                 Favour
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 
                 for
                 Greece
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 lived
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Time
                 in
                 great
                 Repute
                 at
                 Tegea
                 in
                 
                   Arcadia
                   .
                   Hiero
                
                 dyed
                 at
                 Catena
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 repeopled
                 by
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 there
                 buried
                 with
                 great
                 Pomp
                 and
                 Solemnity
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 reigned
                 Eleven
                 Years
                 .
                 He
                 left
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 to
                 Thrasybulus
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 who
                 reigned
                 only
                 one
                 Year
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XVII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Thrasybulus
                   King
                   of
                   Syracuse
                   depos'd
                   by
                   Force
                   of
                   Arms
                   for
                   his
                   Tyranny
                   .
                
              
               
                 NOw
                 was
                 Lysanias
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Appius
                   Claudius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Titus
                   Quintus
                
                 
                 
                   Capitolinus
                   ,
                   Roman
                
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 during
                 whose
                 Governments
                 ,
                 Thrasybulus
                 lost
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 :
                 Concerning
                 whom
                 ,
                 inasmuch
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 our
                 purpose
                 particularly
                 and
                 distinctly
                 to
                 write
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 necessary
                 to
                 look
                 a
                 little
                 back
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 things
                 may
                 be
                 more
                 clearly
                 understood
                 from
                 the
                 beginning
                 .
                 Gelo
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Dinome
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 for
                 Valour
                 and
                 Military
                 Discipline
                 excelling
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 notable
                 Stratagem
                 (
                 as
                 you
                 have
                 heard
                 )
                 routed
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 And
                 using
                 his
                 Victory
                 with
                 all
                 Moderation
                 towards
                 them
                 he
                 had
                 subdued
                 ,
                 and
                 dealing
                 kindly
                 and
                 courteously
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Neighbours
                 ,
                 was
                 greatly
                 honoured
                 among
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 Sweetness
                 of
                 his
                 Disposition
                 ,
                 liv'd
                 belov'd
                 of
                 all
                 in
                 Peace
                 and
                 Quietness
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 his
                 days
                 .
              
               
                 Hiero
                 the
                 eldest
                 of
                 his
                 Brothers
                 succeeded
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 but
                 far
                 unlike
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Government
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 covetous
                 ,
                 cruel
                 and
                 altogether
                 a
                 Stranger
                 to
                 the
                 Candor
                 and
                 Sincerity
                 of
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 whereof
                 many
                 were
                 inclin'd
                 to
                 a
                 Defection
                 and
                 Revolt
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Memory
                 of
                 
                 Gelo's
                 Generosity
                 and
                 general
                 Kindness
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 restrain'd
                 them
                 from
                 outward
                 Force
                 and
                 Violence
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 Hiero
                 was
                 dead
                 ,
                 Thrasybulus
                 his
                 Brother
                 advancing
                 to
                 the
                 
                 Crown
                 ,
                 exceeded
                 his
                 Predecessor
                 in
                 all
                 Vice
                 and
                 Wickedness
                 :
                 For
                 being
                 more
                 cruel
                 and
                 bloody
                 in
                 his
                 Nature
                 ,
                 he
                 slaughtered
                 the
                 Citizens
                 against
                 all
                 Law
                 and
                 
                 Justice
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 false
                 Accusations
                 banished
                 many
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 consiscated
                 their
                 Estates
                 .
                 At
                 last
                 hating
                 his
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 hating
                 him
                 for
                 the
                 Injuries
                 they
                 had
                 suffer'd
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 a
                 Standing
                 Army
                 ,
                 to
                 defend
                 himself
                 against
                 the
                 fear'd
                 Revolt
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 growing
                 every
                 day
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 into
                 the
                 Hatred
                 of
                 his
                 People
                 ,
                 abusing
                 some
                 ,
                 taking
                 away
                 the
                 
                 Lives
                 of
                 many
                 others
                 ;
                 the
                 People
                 not
                 able
                 longer
                 to
                 endure
                 his
                 Cruelties
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 general
                 Defection
                 ,
                 and
                 rose
                 up
                 in
                 Arms
                 ,
                 to
                 procure
                 their
                 Liberty
                 by
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 shake
                 off
                 that
                 Yoke
                 of
                 Slavery
                 and
                 Tyranny
                 they
                 were
                 under
                 .
                 Thrasibulus
                 seeing
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 in
                 Arms
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 first
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 cool
                 them
                 by
                 fair
                 words
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 incens'd
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 opposing
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 Forces
                 from
                 Catana
                 ,
                 a
                 Colony
                 not
                 long
                 before
                 plac'd
                 there
                 by
                 Hiero
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 other
                 Confederates
                 and
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 he
                 got
                 together
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Fifteen
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 possessed
                 himself
                 of
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 call'd
                 Acridina
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Island
                 which
                 was
                 strongly
                 Fortify'd
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 he
                 made
                 many
                 Sallies
                 and
                 Incursions
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 at
                 first
                 kept
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 call'd
                 Ithica
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 annoy'd
                 Thrasibulus
                 :
                 And
                 sent
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 
                   Gela
                   ,
                   Agrigentum
                   ,
                   Selenunte
                
                 and
                 Himera
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 in
                 the
                 Heart
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 desiring
                 aid
                 and
                 assistance
                 for
                 the
                 recovering
                 of
                 their
                 Liberty
                 .
                 These
                 readily
                 answered
                 their
                 Request
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 them
                 seasonable
                 Supplies
                 ,
                 some
                 Regiments
                 of
                 Foot
                 ,
                 others
                 Troops
                 of
                 Horse
                 ,
                 others
                 Ships
                 furnished
                 with
                 all
                 necessaries
                 for
                 War
                 :
                 Thus
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 having
                 a
                 considerable
                 Force
                 both
                 of
                 a
                 Fleet
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Army
                 by
                 Land
                 ,
                 the
                 Siracusians
                 offer'd
                 Battel
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land.
                 But
                 Thrasibulus
                 being
                 forsaken
                 of
                 his
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 now
                 none
                 to
                 trust
                 unto
                 
                 but
                 his
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 betook
                 himself
                 only
                 to
                 Acridina
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 wholly
                 to
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 fought
                 with
                 them
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 beaten
                 ,
                 losing
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 fled
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 escaped
                 into
                 the
                 Island
                 .
                 Presently
                 after
                 he
                 drew
                 out
                 his
                 Men
                 from
                 Acridina
                 ,
                 and
                 joined
                 Battel
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Suburbs
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 again
                 routed
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 retreated
                 a
                 Second
                 time
                 within
                 his
                 Post
                 in
                 Acridina
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 length
                 being
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 hope
                 to
                 regain
                 his
                 Sovereignty
                 ,
                 
                 he
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 terms
                 of
                 Agreement
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 departed
                 into
                 *
                 Locros
                 .
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 thus
                 freed
                 from
                 Slavery
                 ,
                 suffered
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 to
                 march
                 away
                 peaceably
                 .
                 They
                 freed
                 likewise
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 from
                 such
                 Garrisons
                 as
                 were
                 put
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 restored
                 to
                 every
                 place
                 the
                 Democracy
                 .
                 From
                 thenceforth
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 lived
                 in
                 great
                 Peace
                 and
                 Prosperity
                 ,
                 and
                 injoy'd
                 a
                 popular
                 Government
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Threescore
                 Years
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 .
                 This
                 Thrasibulus
                 receiv'd
                 a
                 well
                 order'd
                 and
                 constituted
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 but
                 basely
                 lost
                 it
                 by
                 his
                 wickedness
                 ;
                 and
                 spent
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Days
                 at
                 Locris
                 as
                 a
                 private
                 Man.
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 done
                 in
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   Rome
                
                 first
                 created
                 Four
                 to
                 be
                 Tribunes
                 
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 
                   Caius
                   Sicinius
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Numitorius
                   ,
                   Marcus
                   Duillius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Spurius
                   Aquilius
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XVIII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Murder
                   of
                   Xerxes
                   by
                   Artabanus
                   .
                
              
               
                 AT
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 ,
                 Lysitheus
                 was
                 made
                 Chief
                 Governor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Valerius
                   Publicola
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Titus
                   Aemilius
                   Mamercus
                
                 ,
                 Consuls
                 of
                 Rome
                 .
                 In
                 their
                 times
                 Artabanus
                 of
                 Hircania
                 ,
                 in
                 great
                 esteem
                 with
                 Xerxes
                 ,
                 and
                 Captain
                 of
                 his
                 Guard
                 ,
                 contriv'd
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 by
                 the
                 Murder
                 of
                 the
                 King.
                 He
                 reveals
                 his
                 Design
                 to
                 Mithridates
                 the
                 Eunuch
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Chamberlains
                 (
                 whom
                 he
                 most
                 consided
                 in
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 his
                 near
                 Kinsman
                 ,
                 and
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 oblig'd
                 by
                 many
                 instances
                 of
                 his
                 Favour
                 .
                 )
                 Mithridates
                 presently
                 complies
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 brings
                 Artabanus
                 privately
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 into
                 the
                 Bed-Chamber
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 entred
                 ,
                 without
                 delay
                 murthers
                 the
                 King
                 :
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Fact
                 runs
                 to
                 the
                 King's
                 Sons
                 ,
                 Two
                 of
                 whom
                 ,
                 Darius
                 the
                 Eldest
                 ,
                 and
                 Artaxerxes
                 ,
                 were
                 then
                 at
                 Court
                 :
                 Hytaspes
                 the
                 Third
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 was
                 Governor
                 of
                 
                   Bactria
                   .
                   Artabanus
                
                 in
                 the
                 dead
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 hastens
                 to
                 Artaxerxes
                 ,
                 and
                 tells
                 him
                 that
                 Darius
                 had
                 murther'd
                 his
                 Father
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 perswades
                 Artaxerxes
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 slothfully
                 suffer
                 his
                 Brother
                 to
                 settle
                 himself
                 on
                 the
                 Throne
                 ,
                 
                 but
                 revenge
                 his
                 Father's
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 upon
                 himself
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 effecting
                 whereof
                 ,
                 he
                 promis'd
                 him
                 to
                 bring
                 in
                 the
                 King's
                 Guards
                 for
                 his
                 Assistance
                 .
                 Artaxerxes
                 was
                 easily
                 persuaded
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Guards
                 kills
                 his
                 Brother
                 .
                 Artabanus
                 seeing
                 his
                 Treachery
                 to
                 succeed
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 hearts
                 Desire
                 ,
                 now
                 boasts
                 before
                 all
                 his
                 Sons
                 that
                 the
                 time
                 was
                 come
                 for
                 his
                 advancement
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 came
                 to
                 Artaxerxes
                 with
                 his
                 Sword
                 drawn
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 Wounds
                 him
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 not
                 being
                 much
                 hurt
                 ,
                 bravely
                 Defends
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 kills
                 Artabanus
                 upon
                 the
                 place
                 .
                 Having
                 thus
                 not
                 only
                 preserv'd
                 himself
                 ,
                 but
                 reveng'd
                 
                 the
                 Murther
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 established
                 in
                 the
                 Throne
                 of
                 Persia
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 Xerxes
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 reign'd
                 Twenty
                 Years
                 .
                 But
                 his
                 Successor
                 continued
                 Forty
                 Four.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XIX
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   War
                   between
                   the
                   Athenians
                   and
                   the
                   Aegineans
                   .
                
              
               
                 THE
                 following
                 Year
                 wherein
                 Archimedes
                 was
                 Archon
                 of
                 
                   Athens
                   ,
                   Aulus
                   Virgilius
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 
                   Titus
                   Numitius
                   ,
                   Roman
                
                 Consuls
                 ;
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 Year
                 of
                 the
                 Seventy
                 Ninth
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 Xenophon
                 the
                 Corinthian
                 won
                 the
                 Prize
                 :
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Thrasians
                 revolted
                 from
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 Differences
                 arising
                 concerning
                 the
                 Mines
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 reduc'd
                 by
                 force
                 to
                 their
                 Obedience
                 .
                 The
                 Aegineans
                 likewise
                 rebell'd
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 subdued
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 besieg'd
                 their
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 grown
                 proud
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 through
                 their
                 great
                 Successes
                 and
                 Victories
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 but
                 their
                 Riches
                 at
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 a
                 brave
                 and
                 well
                 furnished
                 Navy
                 ,
                 were
                 ever
                 Enemies
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ;
                 who
                 therefore
                 entred
                 the
                 *
                 Island
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 laid
                 waste
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 raze
                 the
                 City
                 Aegina
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 :
                 Hereupon
                 now
                 grown
                 great
                 in
                 power
                 ,
                 they
                 carried
                 not
                 themselves
                 with
                 that
                 Humanity
                 and
                 Courtesie
                 towards
                 their
                 Confederates
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 used
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 but
                 domineer'd
                 every
                 where
                 with
                 a
                 proud
                 and
                 high
                 Hand
                 .
                 This
                 imperious
                 way
                 of
                 theirs
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 Consultations
                 for
                 a
                 general
                 Defection
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 particular
                 Places
                 determin'd
                 it
                 of
                 their
                 
                 own
                 accord
                 ,
                 without
                 flagging
                 for
                 ,
                 or
                 expecting
                 the
                 results
                 of
                 a
                 General
                 Assembly
                 .
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 acting
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 being
                 now
                 every
                 where
                 
                 Masters
                 at
                 Sea
                 )
                 sent
                 a
                 Colony
                 of
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 to
                 Amphipolis
                 (
                 chosen
                 partly
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 partly
                 from
                 among
                 the
                 Confederates
                 )
                 and
                 divided
                 the
                 Country
                 by
                 Lot
                 :
                 For
                 sometime
                 they
                 kept
                 under
                 the
                 Thrasians
                 that
                 bordered
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 attempted
                 to
                 proceed
                 further
                 into
                 the
                 heart
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 those
                 that
                 enter'd
                 Thrace
                 were
                 wholly
                 cut
                 off
                 by
                 the
                 †
                 Edones
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XX.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Egyptians
                   revolt
                   from
                   the
                   Persians
                   .
                   New
                   Troubles
                   in
                   Sicily
                   :
                
              
               
                 TLepolemus
                 being
                 Governor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 were
                 
                   Titus
                   Quintius
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 
                   Quintus
                   Arbilius
                   Structus
                   .
                   Artaxerxes
                
                 now
                 newly
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Throne
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 first
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 an
                 Hand
                 in
                 the
                 Murther
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 setled
                 Affairs
                 so
                 as
                 he
                 
                 thought
                 most
                 conducing
                 to
                 the
                 interest
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 remov'd
                 those
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 whom
                 he
                 most
                 suspected
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 others
                 whom
                 he
                 most
                 confided
                 in
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 room
                 .
                 He
                 took
                 care
                 to
                 store
                 up
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Provisions
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 furnish
                 his
                 Army
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 ;
                 and
                 ruling
                 with
                 all
                 Justice
                 and
                 Equity
                 ,
                 he
                 grew
                 into
                 high
                 Esteem
                 among
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Xerxes
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Troubles
                 in
                 Persia
                 occasion'd
                 thereby
                 ,
                 fell
                 a
                 plotting
                 how
                 to
                 recover
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 
                 end
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 rose
                 against
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 and
                 drave
                 the
                 Questors
                 or
                 Persian
                 Treasurers
                 out
                 of
                 Egypt
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 they
                 set
                 up
                 one
                 Inarus
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 King
                 ;
                 who
                 first
                 had
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 
                 natural
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 increas'd
                 his
                 Forces
                 by
                 Mercenary
                 Foreigners
                 .
                 He
                 sent
                 likewise
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 desiring
                 their
                 aid
                 ,
                 with
                 Promises
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 regain'd
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 should
                 be
                 for
                 their
                 Service
                 and
                 Advantage
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 his
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 ever
                 and
                 in
                 every
                 thing
                 grateful
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 conceiving
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 much
                 to
                 their
                 advantage
                 ,
                 if
                 by
                 what
                 force
                 they
                 could
                 make
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 drain
                 the
                 Persians
                 of
                 their
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 gain
                 likewise
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 to
                 their
                 interest
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 ready
                 to
                 serve
                 them
                 upon
                 all
                 occasions
                 ,
                 determin'd
                 to
                 send
                 to
                 their
                 Assistance
                 a
                 Navy
                 of
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Sail
                 ;
                 and
                 
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 all
                 Hands
                 were
                 at
                 work
                 to
                 make
                 ready
                 a
                 Fleet.
                 Artaxerxes
                 receiving
                 the
                 News
                 of
                 the
                 Revolt
                 of
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 ,
                 resolved
                 to
                 exceed
                 them
                 both
                 in
                 number
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 Provisions
                 of
                 War
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 forthwith
                 rais'd
                 Souldiers
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Provinces
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 rigg'd
                 out
                 his
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 omitted
                 nothing
                 necessary
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Juncture
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Asia
                 and
                 Egypt
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Sicily
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 cast
                 off
                 the
                 Kingly
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 restored
                 all
                 the
                 
                 Cities
                 to
                 liberty
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 greatly
                 flourished
                 ;
                 for
                 having
                 a
                 rich
                 and
                 fertile
                 Soyl
                 ,
                 and
                 Peace
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 they
                 grew
                 very
                 rich
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Land
                 abounding
                 in
                 Labourers
                 ,
                 Cattel
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Conveniences
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 comfort
                 and
                 happiness
                 of
                 Man's
                 Life
                 ,
                 much
                 being
                 now
                 laid
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 nothing
                 expended
                 in
                 Wars
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 continu'd
                 not
                 long
                 thus
                 ,
                 but
                 again
                 broke
                 forth
                 into
                 Wars
                 and
                 Seditions
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 following
                 .
                 Thrasibulus
                 being
                 deposed
                 ,
                 they
                 call'd
                 a
                 General
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 to
                 consult
                 about
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 a
                 Popular
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 it
                 was
                 unanimously
                 decreed
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Statue
                 should
                 be
                 erected
                 to
                 *
                 Jove
                 the
                 Deliverer
                 ,
                 as
                 high
                 as
                 a
                 Colossus
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 Yearly
                 upon
                 the
                 Day
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 rid
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 and
                 regain'd
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 Sacrifices
                 offered
                 ,
                 and
                 Solemn
                 Games
                 celebrated
                 :
                 At
                 which
                 Solemnities
                 they
                 likewise
                 vow'd
                 to
                 sacrifice
                 Four
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Oxen
                 ,
                 and
                 therewith
                 to
                 feast
                 all
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 
                 Magistrates
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 ancient
                 Custom
                 )
                 should
                 be
                 chosen
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Citizens
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 Strangers
                 who
                 were
                 made
                 Denizens
                 by
                 Gelon
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 admitted
                 to
                 these
                 Honours
                 ,
                 looking
                 upon
                 them
                 either
                 as
                 unworthy
                 ,
                 or
                 
                 fearing
                 lest
                 they
                 (
                 being
                 always
                 inur'd
                 to
                 Monarchy
                 )
                 should
                 endeavour
                 a
                 change
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 no
                 vain
                 conception
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Event
                 after
                 made
                 evident
                 .
                 For
                 Gelon
                 had
                 infranchis'd
                 above
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 ,
                 above
                 Seven
                 Thousand
                 remain'd
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 being
                 inraged
                 thus
                 to
                 be
                 excluded
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 incapable
                 of
                 being
                 chosen
                 
                 Magistrates
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 plot
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 joining
                 together
                 ,
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 Acridina
                 ,
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 forementioned
                 Island
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 which
                 Places
                 were
                 strongly
                 wall'd
                 and
                 fortify'd
                 .
              
               
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 in
                 this
                 Confusion
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 possessed
                 themselves
                 of
                 another
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 especially
                 towards
                 the
                 Epipole
                 ,
                 defending
                 themselves
                 with
                 a
                 Wall
                 and
                 strong
                 Guards
                 .
                 The
                 Seditious
                 were
                 so
                 penn'd
                 up
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 grew
                 scant
                 in
                 their
                 Provisions
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 far
                 less
                 in
                 number
                 than
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 were
                 much
                 better
                 Souldiers
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 when
                 ever
                 they
                 made
                 any
                 Sallies
                 ,
                 in
                 every
                 Skirmish
                 they
                 went
                 off
                 with
                 Success
                 .
                 But
                 being
                 so
                 close
                 shut
                 up
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 nigh
                 famished
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 state
                 of
                 Sicily
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Year
                 Conon
                 was
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Quintus
                   Fabius
                   Vibulanus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Tiberius
                 
                 
                   Aemilius
                   Mamercus
                
                 were
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 Artaxerxes
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 made
                 Archemenes
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Darius
                 his
                 great
                 Uncle
                 ,
                 General
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 intended
                 against
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 which
                 consisted
                 of
                 above
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 and
                 Foot
                 :
                 With
                 these
                 he
                 march'd
                 into
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 and
                 incamp'd
                 near
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 refresh'd
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 Battel
                 .
                 The
                 Egyptian
                 Forces
                 were
                 made
                 up
                 of
                 Africans
                 and
                 Egyptians
                 ,
                 and
                 waited
                 in
                 expectation
                 of
                 further
                 Aid
                 from
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ;
                 who
                 at
                 length
                 arrived
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 joining
                 with
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 ,
                 the
                 Battel
                 began
                 with
                 great
                 Resolution
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
                 The
                 Persians
                 indeed
                 were
                 far
                 more
                 in
                 number
                 ;
                 
                 but
                 the
                 Athenians
                 with
                 great
                 Valour
                 and
                 Courage
                 breaking
                 in
                 upon
                 that
                 Wing
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Persians
                 that
                 was
                 plac'd
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 killing
                 and
                 destroying
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 pursuit
                 ,
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 was
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 fled
                 to
                 a
                 place
                 call'd
                 the
                 †
                 
                   White
                   Wall.
                
                 The
                 Athenians
                 by
                 whose
                 Valour
                 the
                 Victory
                 was
                 obtain'd
                 ,
                 follow'd
                 close
                 after
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 Besieged
                 it
                 .
                 But
                 Artaxerxes
                 having
                 intelligence
                 of
                 the
                 Overthrow
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 sent
                 some
                 he
                 could
                 most
                 confide
                 in
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 to
                 induce
                 the
                 Spartans
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 thinking
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 to
                 force
                 them
                 back
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 necessary
                 defence
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 would
                 neither
                 accept
                 of
                 the
                 Money
                 ,
                 nor
                 hearken
                 to
                 any
                 other
                 Proposals
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 Being
                 thus
                 without
                 hopes
                 of
                 Aid
                 from
                 the
                 
                   Lacedemonians
                   ,
                   Artaxerxes
                
                 prepar'd
                 a
                 new
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Artabazus
                 and
                 Megabysus
                 ,
                 both
                 very
                 Valiant
                 Men
                 ,
                 Generals
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 them
                 against
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXI
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Persians
                   Expedition
                   into
                   Aegypt
                   .
                   Wars
                   in
                   Sicily
                   .
                
              
               
                 AT
                 
                   Athens
                   ,
                   Euippas
                
                 was
                 Archon
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Quintus
                   Servilius
                
                 and
                 
                   Spurius
                   Posthumus
                
                 
                 Albus
                 ,
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 time
                 Artabasus
                 and
                 Megabyzus
                 appointed
                 Generals
                 for
                 the
                 Aegyptian
                 War
                 ,
                 marched
                 away
                 for
                 Aegypt
                 with
                 above
                 Three
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 and
                 Foot.
                 When
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 Cilicia
                 and
                 Phenicia
                 ,
                 they
                 refresh'd
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 the
                 
                   Cyprians
                   ,
                   Phenicians
                
                 and
                 Cilicians
                 to
                 set
                 forth
                 a
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 who
                 furnished
                 out
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Sail
                 fitted
                 both
                 with
                 Men
                 ,
                 Provisions
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 convenient
                 and
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 Sea-Fight
                 .
                 In
                 Preparations
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 training
                 of
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 imploying
                 themselves
                 in
                 other
                 Acts
                 of
                 Military
                 Discipline
                 ,
                 they
                 spent
                 almost
                 a
                 whole
                 Year
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 closely
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 Persians
                 at
                 the
                 
                   White
                   Wall
                
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 valiantly
                 defended
                 and
                 not
                 likely
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 after
                 a
                 Years
                 Siege
                 .
                 In
                 Sicily
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 at
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 before-named
                 Revolters
                 daily
                 assaulted
                 
                 Acridina
                 with
                 the
                 adjoyning
                 Island
                 ;
                 and
                 tho'
                 they
                 overcame
                 the
                 Rebels
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 drive
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 fortify'd
                 .
                 But
                 afterwards
                 when
                 both
                 Armies
                 were
                 drawn
                 out
                 into
                 the
                 open
                 Field
                 ,
                 the
                 Fight
                 being
                 obstinate
                 ,
                 many
                 were
                 killed
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Victory
                 was
                 at
                 length
                 gain'd
                 by
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 After
                 the
                 Battle
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 crown'd
                 Six
                 hundred
                 Men
                 who
                 were
                 most
                 active
                 in
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 a
                 *
                 Mina
                 in
                 Money
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Reward
                 of
                 his
                 Valour
                 .
                 During
                 these
                 Combustions
                 ,
                 Deucetius
                 General
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 began
                 a
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Catana
                 ,
                 for
                 withholding
                 the
                 Lands
                 of
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 likewise
                 ingaged
                 against
                 
                 Catana
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Cataneans
                 had
                 these
                 Lands
                 divided
                 to
                 them
                 by
                 Lot
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 first
                 plac'd
                 a
                 Colony
                 there
                 by
                 Hiero
                 the
                 late
                 King.
                 And
                 therefore
                 defended
                 their
                 Right
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Force
                 and
                 Power
                 they
                 could
                 .
                 But
                 being
                 overcome
                 in
                 several
                 Battles
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 forced
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 leave
                 Catana
                 ,
                 and
                 possessed
                 themselves
                 
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 Etna
                 ,
                 formerly
                 call'd
                 Eunetia
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 ancient
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Catana
                 after
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 of
                 Banishment
                 ,
                 return'd
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 former
                 Habitations
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 all
                 others
                 that
                 were
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 proper
                 Cities
                 in
                 the
                 times
                 of
                 Hiero
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 ,
                 were
                 forthwith
                 
                 restored
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Usurpers
                 were
                 every
                 where
                 ejected
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Gelones
                   ,
                   Acragentines
                
                 and
                 Himereans
                 .
                 The
                 Rhegians
                 and
                 Zancleans
                 likewise
                 threw
                 off
                 the
                 regal
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Anaxilas
                 ,
                 and
                 asserted
                 the
                 Liberty
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 the
                 Gelones
                 seating
                 themselves
                 at
                 Camerina
                 ,
                 again
                 divided
                 the
                 Land
                 by
                 Lots
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 determining
                 to
                 root
                 up
                 all
                 those
                 they
                 took
                 for
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 confederated
                 together
                 (
                 by
                 virtue
                 of
                 a
                 public
                 Edict
                 )
                 against
                 all
                 the
                 Foreigners
                 ,
                 and
                 restored
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 banished
                 ,
                 to
                 their
                 ancient
                 Cities
                 ;
                 transplanting
                 all
                 the
                 Strangers
                 (
                 that
                 had
                 before
                 usurped
                 )
                 to
                 Messena
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 manner
                 all
                 the
                 Seditions
                 and
                 Tumults
                 through
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Sicily
                 were
                 appeased
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 almost
                 all
                 were
                 forced
                 from
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 Foreigners
                 ,
                 and
                 reduced
                 to
                 the
                 ancient
                 Form
                 of
                 a
                 Common-wealth
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 public
                 Lands
                 divided
                 by
                 Lot
                 to
                 the
                 Citizens
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Now
                 Phasiclides
                 was
                 Governour
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Eightieth
                 Olympiad
                 was
                 celebrated
                 ,
                 
                 in
                 which
                 Tharillus
                 the
                 Thessalian
                 was
                 Victor
                 .
                 And
                 at
                 Rome
                 were
                 chosen
                 
                   Quintus
                   Fabius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Titus
                   Quintius
                   Capitolinus
                
                 ,
                 Consuls
                 .
                 In
                 Asia
                 ,
                 the
                 Persian
                 Commanders
                 now
                 in
                 Cilicia
                 had
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Sail
                 ,
                 well
                 
                 man'd
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 in
                 every
                 respect
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 with
                 the
                 Land-Army
                 through
                 Syria
                 and
                 Phenicia
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 Memphis
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 Fleet
                 sailing
                 all
                 along
                 by
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 near
                 the
                 Shoar
                 )
                 where
                 they
                 forthwith
                 rais'd
                 the
                 Siege
                 at
                 the
                 
                   White
                   Wall
                
                 ;
                 both
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 and
                 Athenians
                 being
                 amaz'd
                 at
                 the
                 Approach
                 of
                 such
                 an
                 Enemy
                 :
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Persians
                 presently
                 call
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 prudently
                 resolved
                 to
                 decline
                 fighting
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 to
                 endeavour
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 by
                 some
                 politick
                 Stratagem
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 knowing
                 that
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Fleet
                 lay
                 at
                 Anchor
                 at
                 an
                 Island
                 call'd
                 *
                 Prosopitis
                 ,
                 they
                 diverted
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 (
                 which
                 encompassed
                 the
                 Island
                 )
                 by
                 deep
                 Trenches
                 made
                 in
                 the
                 adjoyning
                 Continent
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 joyn'd
                 the
                 Island
                 to
                 Main-land
                 .
                 The
                 Aegyptians
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 discern'd
                 all
                 the
                 Ships
                 ,
                 stood
                 upon
                 dry
                 Land
                 ,
                 struck
                 with
                 Amazement
                 ,
                 forsook
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 submitted
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 thus
                 
                 forsaken
                 ,
                 and
                 seeing
                 the
                 Fleet
                 made
                 useless
                 ,
                 set
                 Fire
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Ships
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 not
                 come
                 into
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 And
                 nothing
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 their
                 present
                 Circumstances
                 ,
                 they
                 encourag'd
                 and
                 advis'd
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 not
                 do
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 should
                 be
                 a
                 blemish
                 and
                 disgrace
                 to
                 the
                 Courage
                 and
                 Valour
                 they
                 had
                 before
                 shewn
                 in
                 former
                 Encounters
                 .
              
               
                 Soaring
                 therefore
                 above
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 lost
                 their
                 Lives
                 at
                 Thermopole
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 safety
                 of
                 Greece
                 they
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 fight
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Commanders
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Persians
                   ,
                   Artabazus
                
                 and
                 Megabizus
                 seeing
                 the
                 Courage
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 considering
                 their
                 former
                 Losses
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 
                 Athenians
                 upon
                 this
                 Condition
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 should
                 depart
                 out
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 without
                 Hurt
                 or
                 Prejudice
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 thus
                 preserv'd
                 (
                 thro'
                 their
                 own
                 Valour
                 )
                 leave
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 and
                 marching
                 thro'
                 Africk
                 to
                 Cyrene
                 ,
                 from
                 thence
                 they
                 all
                 came
                 safe
                 (
                 beyond
                 their
                 hopes
                 )
                 unto
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 .
                 During
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 Ephialtes
                 Son
                 of
                 Simonidas
                 ,
                 Tribune
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 stir'd
                 up
                 the
                 Rabble
                 against
                 
                 the
                 Areopagites
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 the
                 Power
                 from
                 the
                 Senate
                 in
                 
                   Mars
                   Hill
                
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 overturn
                 the
                 ancient
                 and
                 laudable
                 Laws
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 But
                 such
                 wicked
                 Designs
                 went
                 not
                 unpunish'd
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 kill'd
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 not
                 known
                 by
                 whom
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 ended
                 his
                 days
                 in
                 Dishonour
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   War
                   between
                   the
                   Epidaurians
                   and
                   the
                   Athenians
                   .
                
              
               
                 THE
                 former
                 Year
                 ended
                 ,
                 Philocles
                 governed
                 Athens
                 the
                 next
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 
                   Rome
                   ,
                   Aulus
                   Posthumius
                
                 were
                 Consuls
                 :
                 In
                 their
                 times
                 was
                 begun
                 the
                 War
                 by
                 
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 and
                 Epidaurians
                 against
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 a
                 sharp
                 Battel
                 ,
                 overcame
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Fleet
                 made
                 out
                 against
                 the
                 Halienses
                 ,
                 and
                 invaded
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 slaughter'd
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 The
                 Peloponesians
                 make
                 Head
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 sight
                 them
                 at
                 Cerryphalia
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Athenians
                 again
                 rout
                 them
                 .
                 Grown
                 now
                 consident
                 with
                 these
                 Successes
                 ,
                 and
                 observing
                 the
                 Aegineans
                 (
                 puffed
                 up
                 with
                 the
                 Victories
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 obtain'd
                 )
                 to
                 carry
                 it
                 as
                 Enemies
                 towards
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 determin'd
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 Execution
                 thereof
                 ,
                 sent
                 forth
                 against
                 them
                 a
                 great
                 Fleet
                 :
                 They
                 of
                 Aegina
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 trusting
                 to
                 their
                 Skill
                 
                 and
                 former
                 Successes
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 despised
                 the
                 great
                 Forces
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 small
                 Navy
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 few
                 other
                 Ships
                 lately
                 built
                 ,
                 venture
                 a
                 Sea-Fight
                 ,
                 
                 but
                 were
                 beaten
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 Seventy
                 of
                 their
                 Vessels
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 now
                 they
                 were
                 wholly
                 discouraged
                 and
                 dejected
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 were
                 forced
                 to
                 submit
                 
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 These
                 things
                 were
                 done
                 by
                 Leocrates
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Nine
                 Months
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Aeginetes
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Deucetius
                 King
                 of
                 Sicily
                 (
                 very
                 Rich
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 Noble
                 Family
                 )
                 built
                 Menenum
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 by
                 Lot
                 the
                 adjacent
                 Lands
                 ,
                 amongst
                 them
                 of
                 the
                 Colony
                 brought
                 thither
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 Besieged
                 the
                 Famous
                 City
                 Morgantina
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 by
                 all
                 his
                 Countrymen
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXIII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   War
                   between
                   the
                   Corinthians
                   and
                   Megareans
                   .
                
              
               
                 THE
                 next
                 year
                 Bion
                 was
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Publius
                   Servilius
                   Structus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 
                   Lutius
                   Aebutius
                   Eliuas
                   ,
                   Roman
                
                 Consuls
                 .
                 During
                 their
                 Government
                 ,
                 broke
                 out
                 the
                 War
                 between
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 and
                 Megareans
                 about
                 the
                 Limits
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 first
                 they
                 made
                 inroads
                 into
                 one
                 anothers
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 proceeded
                 with
                 little
                 Skirmishes
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 difference
                 growing
                 higher
                 and
                 hotter
                 ,
                 the
                 Megarians
                 (
                 suspecting
                 their
                 own
                 weakness
                 )
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 they
                 ballanced
                 their
                 Enemies
                 in
                 Strength
                 and
                 Power
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 sent
                 a
                 considerable
                 Army
                 from
                 Peloponesus
                 against
                 Magera
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 sent
                 Aids
                 to
                 the
                 Magerians
                 under
                 Myromides
                 their
                 General
                 ,
                 a
                 very
                 Valiant
                 Man.
                 The
                 Armies
                 presently
                 ingag'd
                 ,
                 and
                 great
                 Valour
                 and
                 Obstinacy
                 was
                 shew'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 the
                 Success
                 was
                 very
                 doubtful
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ;
                 till
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 Athenians
                 got
                 the
                 day
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 And
                 a
                 few
                 Days
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 Victors
                 in
                 another
                 Battel
                 fought
                 at
                 Cimolia
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 likewise
                 kill'd
                 many
                 .
                 Within
                 a
                 few
                 Days
                 after
                 ,
                 a
                 Third
                 Battel
                 was
                 fought
                 .
                 —
                 Here
                 something
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 wanting
                 
                 in
                 the
                 Greek
                 Copy
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Phoceans
                 made
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Doreans
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 originally
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 inhabited
                 Three
                 Cities
                 lying
                 under
                 Mount
                 Parnassus
                 ,
                 †
                 
                   Cytinium
                   ,
                   Boium
                
                 and
                 Erineus
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 the
                 Doreans
                 ,
                 (
                 being
                 overcome
                 )
                 lost
                 their
                 Cities
                 to
                 the
                 *
                 other
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 being
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Blood
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 sent
                 them
                 aid
                 under
                 Nicomedes
                 ,
                 formerly
                 General
                 of
                 Cleomedes
                 ,
                 who
                 led
                 forth
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Fifteen
                 Hundred
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 rais'd
                 as
                 many
                 more
                 out
                 of
                 Peloponesus
                 as
                 made
                 up
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 ;
                 with
                 these
                 he
                 march'd
                 to
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 the
                 Dores
                 ,
                 he
                 being
                 Tutor
                 and
                 Governor
                 of
                 Pleistonactis
                 their
                 King
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 a
                 Child
                 .
                 Having
                 conquered
                 the
                 Phoceans
                 ,
                 and
                 recover'd
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 upon
                 Articles
                 of
                 Peace
                 between
                 the
                 Two
                 Nations
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Athenians
                 understood
                 that
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 had
                 made
                 an
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Phocean
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 ready
                 to
                 return
                 home
                 ,
                 they
                 consulted
                 how
                 to
                 cut
                 them
                 off
                 in
                 their
                 Passage
                 by
                 the
                 way
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 ,
                 having
                 resolv'd
                 upon
                 the
                 attempt
                 ,
                 they
                 took
                 to
                 their
                 aid
                 and
                 assistance
                 the
                 Argives
                 and
                 Thessalians
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 making
                 out
                 against
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Fifty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 man'd
                 with
                 above
                 Fourteen
                 Thousand
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 they
                 stopt
                 the
                 Passages
                 through
                 *
                 Geranea
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Contrivances
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 turn'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 way
                 towards
                 Tanagra
                 in
                 Beotia
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 march'd
                 swiftly
                 after
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 Two
                 Armies
                 join'd
                 Battel
                 ;
                 and
                 although
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 (
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Fight
                 )
                 deserted
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 joyn'd
                 with
                 the
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 and
                 the
                 Argives
                 stood
                 manfully
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 many
                 were
                 kill'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 the
                 Night
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 Dispute
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 sent
                 much
                 Provision
                 out
                 of
                 Attica
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 understood
                 by
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 ,
                 they
                 conceiving
                 this
                 to
                 be
                 now
                 a
                 fit
                 opportunity
                 to
                 do
                 some
                 notable
                 Service
                 ,
                 (
                 having
                 refreshed
                 themselves
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 marched
                 out
                 to
                 meet
                 the
                 Carriages
                 :
                 And
                 being
                 that
                 the
                 Guard
                 that
                 attended
                 them
                 ,
                 never
                 suspected
                 any
                 Design
                 ,
                 but
                 admitted
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 as
                 Friends
                 ,
                 the
                 Contest
                 grew
                 hot
                 whether
                 should
                 get
                 or
                 lose
                 
                 all
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 (
                 being
                 at
                 first
                 thus
                 admitted
                 )
                 kill'd
                 all
                 they
                 met
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 being
                 well
                 prepared
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 taken
                 at
                 unawares
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 that
                 were
                 encamp'd
                 ,
                 hearing
                 of
                 what
                 mischief
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 hasten'd
                 to
                 the
                 Relief
                 of
                 their
                 Countrymen
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 with
                 great
                 Rage
                 upon
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 ,
                 and
                 routed
                 them
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 Charge
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 Armies
                 being
                 now
                 drawn
                 up
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ,
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 a
                 general
                 Battel
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 fought
                 with
                 great
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 kill'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
                 The
                 issue
                 and
                 event
                 being
                 doubtful
                 ,
                 both
                 the
                 one
                 side
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 suspected
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 the
                 Day
                 ;
                 but
                 Night
                 growing
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Victory
                 still
                 remaining
                 doubtful
                 ,
                 Messengers
                 were
                 dispatch'd
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Truce
                 at
                 length
                 agreed
                 upon
                 for
                 Four
                 Months
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXIV
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   War
                   between
                   the
                   Athenians
                   and
                   the
                   Beotians
                   .
                
              
               
                 THIS
                 Year
                 ended
                 ,
                 Mnesitheides
                 was
                 chosen
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 Lucius
                 
                 Lucretius
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Titus
                   Viturius
                   Cicurinus
                
                 were
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 their
                 Governments
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 being
                 brought
                 low
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 League
                 with
                 Xerxes
                 ,
                 endeavour'd
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 Artifices
                 they
                 could
                 ,
                 to
                 regain
                 their
                 former
                 Power
                 and
                 Sovereignty
                 ;
                 for
                 being
                 greatly
                 despis'd
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 Beotians
                 who
                 had
                 shaken
                 off
                 their
                 Authority
                 ,
                 they
                 apply'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 to
                 assist
                 them
                 in
                 recovering
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Beotia
                 :
                 And
                 for
                 this
                 Kindness
                 they
                 
                 promis'd
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 at
                 all
                 the
                 Charge
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 then
                 begun
                 against
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Spartans
                 should
                 not
                 need
                 to
                 bring
                 any
                 Land-Forces
                 out
                 of
                 Peloponesus
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 judging
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 much
                 to
                 their
                 advantage
                 ,
                 to
                 gratifie
                 the
                 Thebans
                 in
                 their
                 Request
                 ,
                 conceiving
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 thus
                 strengthen'd
                 and
                 supported
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 become
                 a
                 Bulwark
                 against
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 especially
                 the
                 Thebans
                 having
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 a
                 great
                 and
                 well
                 disciplin'd
                 Army
                 at
                 Tanagra
                 ,
                 they
                 enlarg'd
                 the
                 Bounds
                 and
                 Circuit
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 and
                 compell'd
                 all
                 the
                 Beotians
                 to
                 the
                 subjection
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Athenians
                 to
                 obviate
                 the
                 Designs
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 a
                 considerable
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Myronides
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Callias
                 ,
                 General
                 .
                 Having
                 chosen
                 a
                 competent
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 he
                 told
                 them
                 the
                 Day
                 wherein
                 he
                 intended
                 to
                 march
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Day
                 came
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 (
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 Command
                 given
                 )
                 did
                 not
                 appear
                 ;
                 yet
                 with
                 those
                 he
                 had
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 for
                 Beotia
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 and
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 persuaded
                 him
                 to
                 stay
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 came
                 up
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 Myronides
                 being
                 both
                 a
                 Prudent
                 and
                 Valiant
                 Commander
                 ,
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   it
                   did
                   not
                   become
                   a
                   General
                   to
                   Loyter
                   ,
                   for
                   it
                   was
                   a
                   shrew'd
                   Sign
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   who
                   were
                   slow
                   and
                   dilatory
                   in
                   their
                   March
                   towards
                   their
                   Enemy
                   ,
                   would
                   be
                   Cowards
                   in
                   the
                   Fight
                   ,
                   and
                   would
                   prefer
                   their
                   own
                   safety
                   before
                   the
                   good
                   of
                   their
                   Country
                   .
                   For
                   they
                
                 (
                 said
                 he
                 )
                 
                   that
                   readily
                   appear'd
                   at
                   the
                   Day
                   appointed
                   ,
                   gave
                   an
                   evident
                   Testimony
                   of
                   their
                   Valour
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   were
                   resolv'd
                   not
                   to
                   shrink
                   in
                   the
                   Day
                   of
                   Battel
                   .
                
                 Which
                 by
                 the
                 Sequel
                 did
                 appear
                 ;
                 
                 for
                 he
                 march'd
                 against
                 the
                 Thebans
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 far
                 less
                 in
                 number
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 but
                 much
                 excelling
                 in
                 Prowess
                 and
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 brave
                 Resolution
                 of
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 utterly
                 routed
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 which
                 Victory
                 was
                 not
                 inferiour
                 to
                 any
                 that
                 were
                 ever
                 obtain'd
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 in
                 former
                 Times
                 .
                 For
                 neither
                 that
                 at
                 Marathon
                 ,
                 nor
                 at
                 Platea
                 against
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 other
                 Exploit
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 did
                 exceed
                 this
                 of
                 Myronides
                 against
                 the
                 Thebans
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 obtain'd
                 against
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 others
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 was
                 gain'd
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 themselves
                 alone
                 ,
                 against
                 the
                 
                 most
                 Valiant
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Beotians
                 were
                 ever
                 accounted
                 for
                 stoutness
                 and
                 hardyness
                 ,
                 not
                 inferior
                 to
                 any
                 in
                 Greece
                 ;
                 which
                 in
                 after-times
                 was
                 confirm'd
                 ;
                 for
                 at
                 Leuctra
                 and
                 Mantinea
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 alone
                 fought
                 both
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 
                 and
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 purchas'd
                 to
                 themselves
                 great
                 Renown
                 ,
                 and
                 became
                 reputed
                 (
                 and
                 that
                 not
                 unworthily
                 )
                 the
                 best
                 Commanders
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 .
              
               
                 Although
                 this
                 Battel
                 was
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Famous
                 ,
                 yet
                 no
                 Author
                 has
                 writ
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 the
                 manner
                 or
                 order
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 However
                 by
                 this
                 glorious
                 Victory
                 over
                 the
                 
                   Beotians
                   ,
                   Myronides
                
                 has
                 equaliz'd
                 his
                 Memory
                 with
                 those
                 illustrious
                 Generals
                 ,
                 
                   Themistocles
                   ,
                   Miltiades
                
                 and
                 Cimon
                 .
                 Immediately
                 after
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 Tanagra
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 demolisht
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 running
                 over
                 all
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 wasted
                 all
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 the
                 Spoil
                 and
                 Riches
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 amongst
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Beotians
                 inraged
                 with
                 the
                 wasting
                 and
                 destroying
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 came
                 together
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 march'd
                 against
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 
                 The
                 Fight
                 began
                 amongst
                 the
                 Vineyards
                 of
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 sides
                 being
                 fully
                 resolved
                 ,
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 continued
                 a
                 whole
                 Day
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 length
                 with
                 great
                 difficulty
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 prevail'd
                 .
              
               
                 Myronides
                 shortly
                 wan
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 except
                 Thebes
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 rais'd
                 
                 his
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 Locrians
                 (
                 call'd
                 Opuntians
                 )
                 routed
                 them
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 Onset
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 their
                 submission
                 took
                 Hostages
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 broke
                 into
                 Pharsalia
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 as
                 much
                 ease
                 overcame
                 the
                 Phoceans
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 did
                 the
                 Locrians
                 ,
                 and
                 receiving
                 Hostages
                 ,
                 marched
                 for
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 and
                 charging
                 them
                 with
                 Treason
                 ,
                 commanded
                 them
                 to
                 recall
                 those
                 they
                 had
                 Banished
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Pharsalians
                 refusing
                 to
                 obey
                 ,
                 he
                 besieged
                 the
                 †
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 (
                 after
                 a
                 long
                 and
                 stout
                 Defence
                 )
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 take
                 by
                 Force
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 raised
                 his
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 to
                 Athens
                 ;
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 receiv'd
                 with
                 great
                 Acclamations
                 of
                 Praise
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 noble
                 Acts
                 he
                 had
                 in
                 so
                 short
                 a
                 time
                 accomplish'd
                 .
                 These
                 were
                 the
                 Remarks
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXV
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Athenians
                   invade
                   the
                   Spartans
                   by
                   Tolmides
                   .
                
              
               
                 THE
                 Eighty
                 First
                 Olympiad
                 was
                 celebrated
                 at
                 Elis
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Polymnastus
                 
                 Cyreneus
                 was
                 Victor
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 Callias
                 was
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Servius
                   Sulpitius
                
                 and
                 
                   Publius
                   Volumnius
                   Amintinus
                
                 were
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 .
                 Then
                 Tolmides
                 the
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Fleet
                 out
                 of
                 Emulation
                 to
                 the
                 glory
                 of
                 Myronides
                 ,
                 
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 Business
                 to
                 do
                 something
                 more
                 than
                 ordinary
                 remarkable
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 for
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 none
                 before
                 had
                 ever
                 attempted
                 to
                 invade
                 Laconia
                 ,
                 he
                 advis'd
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 Inroad
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 undertaking
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 but
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Armed
                 Men
                 Aboard
                 his
                 Ships
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 waste
                 Laconia
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 an
                 Eclipse
                 upon
                 the
                 Spartans
                 Glory
                 .
                 Having
                 got
                 the
                 Consent
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 designing
                 privately
                 to
                 get
                 more
                 
                 Men
                 than
                 he
                 at
                 first
                 required
                 ,
                 he
                 conceiv'd
                 this
                 Project
                 :
                 All
                 were
                 of
                 opinion
                 that
                 a
                 choice
                 should
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 strongest
                 ,
                 young
                 and
                 most
                 spriteful
                 Men
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 .
                 But
                 Tolmides
                 designing
                 far
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 Thousand
                 yielded
                 to
                 him
                 for
                 his
                 intended
                 Enterprize
                 :
                 He
                 goes
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 ablest
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 tells
                 'em
                 each
                 singly
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 intended
                 to
                 chuse
                 him
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 far
                 more
                 for
                 their
                 Credit
                 and
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 to
                 offer
                 themselves
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 ,
                 than
                 being
                 chosen
                 to
                 be
                 compell'd
                 to
                 the
                 Service
                 .
                 When
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 he
                 had
                 persuaded
                 above
                 Three
                 Thousand
                 to
                 give
                 in
                 their
                 Names
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 ,
                 and
                 discern'd
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 be
                 backward
                 ,
                 he
                 then
                 proceeded
                 to
                 the
                 choice
                 of
                 the
                 Thousand
                 granted
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Consent
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 all
                 things
                 
                 were
                 ready
                 for
                 the
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 he
                 set
                 Sail
                 with
                 Fifty
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 Thousand
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 arriving
                 at
                 Methon
                 in
                 Laconia
                 ,
                 took
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 speedy
                 Succour
                 sent
                 by
                 the
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 quit
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 for
                 Gythium
                 ,
                 a
                 Port
                 Town
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 likewise
                 took
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 burnt
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 all
                 the
                 Shipping
                 and
                 Naval
                 Provisions
                 ,
                 wasting
                 the
                 
                 Country
                 round
                 about
                 .
                 Thence
                 he
                 bent
                 his
                 Course
                 for
                 Zacynthus
                 in
                 Cephalania
                 ,
                 and
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 that
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 brought
                 all
                 the
                 Towns
                 in
                 Cephalania
                 to
                 a
                 submission
                 ,
                 he
                 sail'd
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 to
                 Naupactus
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 
                 opposite
                 Shore
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 gain'd
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 Assault
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 plac'd
                 a
                 Colony
                 of
                 the
                 Noblest
                 Families
                 of
                 the
                 Messenians
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 before
                 (
                 upon
                 Agreement
                 )
                 dismis'd
                 by
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 For
                 about
                 this
                 time
                 in
                 a
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Messenians
                 and
                 the
                 Helots
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 had
                 reduced
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 Subjection
                 .
                 And
                 them
                 of
                 Ithomea
                 they
                 discharg'd
                 upon
                 Articles
                 of
                 Submission
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 before
                 said
                 :
                 And
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 Helots
                 ,
                 those
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 the
                 Authors
                 and
                 Ringleaders
                 of
                 the
                 Defection
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 the
                 rest
                 Slaves
                 .
              
               
                 Sosistratus
                 now
                 Pretor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 chose
                 for
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 
                   Publius
                   Valelerius
                
                 
                 Publicola
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Clodius
                   Rhegillanus
                
                 .
                 During
                 their
                 Government
                 ,
                 Tolmides
                 continued
                 in
                 Beotia
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 made
                 Pericles
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Xanthes
                 General
                 of
                 a
                 select
                 number
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 committed
                 to
                 him
                 Fifty
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Command
                 to
                 invade
                 Peloponesus
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 he
                 wasted
                 
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 passed
                 into
                 Acarnania
                 ,
                 near
                 the
                 Island
                 Oeniades
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 brought
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 to
                 a
                 Submission
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 during
                 this
                 Year
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 gain'd
                 many
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 became
                 famous
                 for
                 their
                 Military
                 Discipline
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 glorious
                 Successes
                 in
                 their
                 Wars
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXVI
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   War
                   in
                   Sicily
                   between
                   the
                   Aegestines
                   and
                   the
                   Lilybeans
                   .
                   The
                   Custom
                   of
                   writing
                   upon
                   an
                   Olive-Leaf
                   the
                   Names
                   of
                   such
                   as
                   were
                   to
                   be
                   banish'd
                   in
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   call'd
                   Petalism
                   .
                
              
               
                 IN
                 this
                 Year
                 Ariston
                 was
                 Chief
                 Magistrate
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Quintus
                   Fabius
                   Vibulanus
                
                 
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Cornelius
                   Curetinus
                
                 ,
                 Consuls
                 of
                 Rome
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 their
                 Government
                 ,
                 a
                 Peace
                 was
                 made
                 between
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 for
                 Five
                 Years
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 mediation
                 of
                 Cimon
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Sicily
                 a
                 War
                 broke
                 out
                 between
                 the
                 Aegestines
                 and
                 the
                 Lilybeans
                 concerning
                 
                 some
                 Lands
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Mazarus
                 :
                 After
                 a
                 sharp
                 Battel
                 fought
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 kill'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 they
                 began
                 to
                 cool
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 was
                 taken
                 in
                 every
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 new
                 division
                 of
                 the
                 Lands
                 was
                 made
                 by
                 Lot
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 every
                 one
                 was
                 to
                 take
                 his
                 share
                 as
                 it
                 fell
                 ,
                 the
                 shares
                 fell
                 so
                 confus'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Cities
                 broke
                 out
                 again
                 into
                 Civil
                 Discords
                 and
                 Dissentions
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 Mischiefs
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 greatly
                 smarted
                 .
                 For
                 one
                 call'd
                 Tyndarides
                 ,
                 a
                 rash
                 conceited
                 Fellow
                 ,
                 who
                 protecting
                 and
                 feeding
                 many
                 poor
                 People
                 ,
                 
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 sought
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Party
                 to
                 further
                 his
                 Design
                 in
                 obtaining
                 of
                 the
                 Principality
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 evident
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 aim'd
                 at
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 power
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 brought
                 to
                 his
                 Trial
                 and
                 condemn'd
                 to
                 dye
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 bringing
                 him
                 back
                 to
                 the
                 Goal
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 by
                 the
                 Party
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 prepared
                 ,
                 as
                 aforesaid
                 ,
                 by
                 Force
                 rescu'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 Officers
                 .
                 This
                 rais'd
                 a
                 Tumult
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 caus'd
                 the
                 chief
                 and
                 soberest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 to
                 join
                 together
                 against
                 them
                 ;
                 who
                 presently
                 apprehended
                 the
                 Innovators
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 them
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 Tyndarides
                 to
                 death
                 .
                 When
                 several
                 Attempts
                 were
                 made
                 of
                 this
                 kind
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 were
                 infected
                 with
                 this
                 itch
                 of
                 Dominion
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 were
                 at
                 length
                 forc'd
                 after
                 the
                 Example
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 
                 a
                 Law
                 not
                 much
                 differing
                 from
                 that
                 of
                 Ostracism
                 at
                 Athens
                 :
                 For
                 there
                 every
                 Citizen
                 was
                 to
                 write
                 in
                 *
                 a
                 Shell
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 him
                 whom
                 they
                 conceiv'd
                 to
                 be
                 most
                 powerful
                 to
                 possess
                 himself
                 of
                 Sovereignty
                 .
                 So
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 were
                 to
                 write
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 him
                 who
                 was
                 thought
                 to
                 be
                 most
                 potent
                 upon
                 an
                 †
                 Olive-Leaf
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Leaves
                 were
                 counted
                 ,
                 he
                 whose
                 Name
                 was
                 upon
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Leaves
                 ,
                 was
                 Banish'd
                 for
                 Five
                 Years
                 .
              
               
                 By
                 this
                 means
                 they
                 conceiv'd
                 they
                 should
                 bring
                 down
                 the
                 aspiring
                 Minds
                 of
                 
                 the
                 great
                 ones
                 to
                 some
                 moderation
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 hereby
                 intend
                 the
                 punishment
                 of
                 any
                 Crime
                 that
                 was
                 committed
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 prevention
                 of
                 Mischief
                 ,
                 by
                 impairing
                 the
                 Estates
                 ,
                 and
                 weakning
                 the
                 interest
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 might
                 be
                 ambitious
                 .
                 
                 That
                 therefore
                 which
                 the
                 Athenians
                 call'd
                 Ostracism
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 call'd
                 Petalism
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 continu'd
                 long
                 amongst
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 abolished
                 within
                 a
                 short
                 
                 time
                 after
                 by
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 for
                 these
                 Reasons
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 several
                 of
                 the
                 chief
                 and
                 best
                 deserving
                 Men
                 were
                 by
                 this
                 Law
                 banish'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 who
                 were
                 beloved
                 by
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 Men
                 of
                 great
                 use
                 in
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 withdrew
                 themselves
                 from
                 all
                 publick
                 business
                 ,
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 ,
                 betook
                 themselves
                 to
                 private
                 Lives
                 :
                 But
                 minding
                 thus
                 their
                 own
                 private
                 Concerns
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 they
                 fell
                 into
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Profuseness
                 and
                 Luxury
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 basest
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 taking
                 upon
                 them
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 to
                 Innovations
                 and
                 Disturbances
                 in
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 all
                 things
                 ran
                 a
                 Second
                 time
                 into
                 Sedition
                 and
                 Confusion
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 continual
                 and
                 mighty
                 Storm
                 of
                 Trouble
                 and
                 Disorder
                 shook
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 arose
                 many
                 Ringleaders
                 and
                 Seducers
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 especially
                 Young
                 Conceited
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 thought
                 none
                 spoke
                 like
                 themselves
                 ,
                 nor
                 no
                 Wisdom
                 like
                 theirs
                 .
                 In
                 Sum
                 ,
                 many
                 instead
                 of
                 the
                 Principles
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 Justice
                 and
                 Honesty
                 ,
                 instill'd
                 
                 nothing
                 into
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 but
                 wicked
                 Notions
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 Manners
                 and
                 Practice
                 .
                 In
                 time
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 their
                 only
                 business
                 to
                 heap
                 together
                 Riches
                 ,
                 but
                 had
                 no
                 regard
                 at
                 all
                 to
                 Amity
                 and
                 Justice
                 amongst
                 Men.
                 The
                 Decree
                 therefore
                 of
                 Petalism
                 ,
                 upon
                 more
                 mature
                 Consideration
                 ,
                 was
                 repeal'd
                 within
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 it
                 was
                 put
                 in
                 execution
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Sicily
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXVII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Pericles
                   makes
                   an
                   Inrode
                   into
                   Peloponesus
                   .
                   Besieg'd
                   
                     Scycion
                     .
                     Phaylus
                  
                   in
                   Sicily
                   made
                   Admiral
                   against
                   the
                   Tyrrhenian
                   Pirats
                   ;
                   is
                   corrupted
                   and
                   banish'd
                   .
                   The
                   Original
                   of
                   the
                   Palici
                   :
                   And
                   the
                   Stories
                   of
                   the
                   Temple
                   ,
                   and
                   Wonders
                   of
                   the
                   Craters
                   in
                   Sicily
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHen
                 Lysicrates
                 was
                 Governor
                 of
                 
                   Athens
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Nausius
                   Rutillius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Lucius
                 
                 
                   Minutius
                   Augurinus
                
                 ,
                 were
                 celebrated
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 During
                 their
                 times
                 ,
                 Pericles
                 the
                 Athenian
                 General
                 made
                 an
                 Inrode
                 into
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 the
                 
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Scycions
                 .
                 The
                 Scycions
                 march'd
                 out
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 Battel
                 being
                 join'd
                 ,
                 Pericles
                 routed
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 many
                 in
                 the
                 Pursuit
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 driven
                 the
                 rest
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 laid
                 Siege
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 .
                 But
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 a
                 valiant
                 Assault
                 ,
                 and
                 saw
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 
                 win
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 had
                 sent
                 Aid
                 to
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 ,
                 he
                 withdrew
                 his
                 Army
                 from
                 Scycion
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 into
                 Acarnania
                 ,
                 there
                 wasting
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Oeniades
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 loaded
                 himself
                 with
                 Booties
                 and
                 Plunder
                 ,
                 left
                 Acarnania
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 into
                 Chersonesus
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 the
                 Country
                 by
                 Lot
                 amongst
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Citizens
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Tolmides
                 the
                 other
                 General
                 made
                 a
                 Descent
                 into
                 Eubea
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Naxians
                 amongst
                 another
                 Thousand
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 the
                 †
                 Tyrrhenians
                 infesting
                 the
                 Sea
                 with
                 Pyracies
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 chose
                 one
                 Phaylus
                 to
                 be
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Descent
                 upon
                 *
                 Tyrhenia
                 .
                 Being
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 well
                 provided
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 first
                 attempt
                 ,
                 he
                 wasts
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 Aethalia
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 corrupted
                 by
                 the
                 Hetruscans
                 with
                 Money
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 into
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 without
                 doing
                 any
                 thing
                 memorable
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 banish'd
                 him
                 
                 for
                 his
                 Treason
                 ,
                 and
                 chose
                 another
                 call'd
                 Apelles
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 him
                 with
                 Threescore
                 Ships
                 against
                 the
                 †
                 Tyrrhenians
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 he
                 wasts
                 the
                 Sea-coasts
                 of
                 Tyrhenia
                 ,
                 and
                 sails
                 to
                 Corsica
                 ,
                 then
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 Hetruscians
                 ,
                 and
                 harrased
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 wholly
                 subdued
                 Aethalia
                 ,
                 return'd
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 Prisoners
                 and
                 much
                 spoil
                 .
              
               
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 Ducetius
                 Prince
                 of
                 the
                 Siculi
                 ,
                 reduced
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Nation
                 (
                 except
                 Hybla
                 )
                 into
                 one
                 Society
                 and
                 Community
                 .
                 This
                 Man
                 being
                 both
                 Wise
                 and
                 Valiant
                 ,
                 bent
                 his
                 Mind
                 
                 for
                 the
                 accomplishing
                 of
                 something
                 great
                 and
                 unusual
                 ;
                 for
                 having
                 a
                 rich
                 Treasury
                 ,
                 he
                 remov'd
                 the
                 City
                 Neas
                 ,
                 the
                 Place
                 
                 of
                 his
                 Birth
                 ,
                 into
                 a
                 plain
                 Champain
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 a
                 famous
                 City
                 near
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 the
                 †
                 Palici
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 call'd
                 )
                 from
                 whom
                 he
                 call'd
                 the
                 City
                 Palicon
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 those
                 Deities
                 now
                 fall
                 in
                 our
                 way
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 not
                 fit
                 we
                 should
                 altogether
                 pass
                 by
                 the
                 strange
                 and
                 indeed
                 incredible
                 Stories
                 that
                 are
                 related
                 concerning
                 this
                 Temple
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 that
                 great
                 wonder
                 there
                 call'd
                 the
                 *
                 Craters
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Temple
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 preferr'd
                 before
                 all
                 others
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 Antiquity
                 and
                 Religious
                 Worship
                 ,
                 especially
                 for
                 the
                 strange
                 and
                 wonderful
                 things
                 done
                 there
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 first
                 in
                 this
                 Temple
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 hollows
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Craters
                 ,
                 not
                 
                 very
                 large
                 in
                 compass
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 incredible
                 depth
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 break
                 out
                 great
                 sparks
                 of
                 Fire
                 and
                 Water
                 ,
                 like
                 as
                 from
                 boiling
                 Pots
                 or
                 Caldrons
                 .
                 The
                 Water
                 cast
                 forth
                 ,
                 resembles
                 so
                 many
                 Streams
                 of
                 Fire
                 ;
                 but
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 certainty
                 what
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 for
                 none
                 hitherto
                 ever
                 durst
                 approach
                 it
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 violent
                 irruption
                 of
                 the
                 Fiery
                 Matter
                 is
                 so
                 wonderful
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 immediate
                 effect
                 of
                 some
                 divine
                 Power
                 .
                 It
                 smells
                 like
                 Brimstone
                 ,
                 as
                 most
                 predominant
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 bottomless
                 Gulf
                 roars
                 and
                 makes
                 a
                 most
                 dreadful
                 and
                 horrible
                 noise
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 far
                 more
                 to
                 be
                 admir'd
                 is
                 this
                 ,
                 That
                 this
                 River
                 of
                 Fire
                 neither
                 flows
                 nor
                 makes
                 any
                 stay
                 upon
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 a
                 continual
                 motion
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 amazing
                 force
                 ,
                 hurls
                 it self
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Air.
                 This
                 Place
                 therefore
                 by
                 these
                 wonderful
                 
                 instances
                 of
                 some
                 Divine
                 Presence
                 ,
                 being
                 accounted
                 Sacred
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 Solemn
                 and
                 Sacred
                 Oaths
                 were
                 used
                 here
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 ,
                 and
                 due
                 Punishments
                 were
                 without
                 delay
                 executed
                 by
                 the
                 Deity
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Perjur'd
                 Person
                 ;
                 For
                 it
                 hath
                 been
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 such
                 have
                 been
                 struck
                 blind
                 as
                 they
                 have
                 gone
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 great
                 Veneration
                 that
                 Persons
                 have
                 had
                 for
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 has
                 often
                 been
                 the
                 occasion
                 that
                 matters
                 of
                 great
                 Controversy
                 (
                 where
                 Might
                 was
                 likely
                 to
                 overcome
                 Right
                 )
                 have
                 been
                 decided
                 by
                 an
                 Oath
                 in
                 this
                 Place
                 .
                 This
                 Temple
                 likewise
                 at
                 some
                 times
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 Place
                 of
                 Refuge
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 special
                 help
                 for
                 injured
                 Servants
                 to
                 protect
                 them
                 against
                 the
                 cruelty
                 of
                 their
                 Severe
                 Masters
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 who
                 fly
                 thither
                 ,
                 cannot
                 be
                 drawn
                 thence
                 ,
                 but
                 continue
                 safe
                 there
                 ,
                 till
                 by
                 the
                 Mediation
                 of
                 Friends
                 they
                 are
                 reconcil'd
                 to
                 their
                 Masters
                 ,
                 and
                 mutual
                 Oaths
                 taken
                 for
                 the
                 faithful
                 Performance
                 of
                 what
                 is
                 promis'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 was
                 never
                 known
                 ,
                 that
                 ever
                 any
                 broke
                 his
                 Faith
                 with
                 his
                 Servant
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 case
                 ,
                 such
                 an
                 †
                 awe
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 )
                 was
                 upon
                 them
                 .
                 This
                 Temple
                 is
                 situated
                 in
                 a
                 most
                 pleasant
                 Plain
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 beautiful
                 Porches
                 ,
                 Galleries
                 and
                 other
                 stately
                 Buildings
                 ,
                 becoming
                 the
                 dignity
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 But
                 of
                 this
                 sufficient
                 is
                 said
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 we
                 return
                 to
                 what
                 we
                 were
                 before
                 relating
                 .
              
               
                 Deucetius
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 wall'd
                 in
                 his
                 new
                 City
                 Palicon
                 ,
                 divided
                 the
                 Country
                 adjacent
                 among
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 They
                 grew
                 wonderfully
                 rich
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 ,
                 
                 both
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 fruitfulness
                 of
                 the
                 Soil
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 Sun-shine
                 lasted
                 not
                 long
                 ,
                 for
                 destroy'd
                 it
                 was
                 ,
                 and
                 lies
                 waste
                 and
                 desolate
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 .
                 The
                 reason
                 of
                 which
                 shall
                 be
                 declared
                 in
                 its
                 proper
                 Place
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Italy
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Sacking
                 of
                 Sibaris
                 by
                 the
                 Crotonians
                 ,
                 one
                 Thessalus
                 ,
                 about
                 Eight
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Years
                 after
                 getting
                 together
                 the
                 remnant
                 of
                 the
                 Sibarites
                 ,
                 rebuilt
                 Sibaris
                 ,
                 situated
                 between
                 two
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 Sybaris
                 and
                 Crathis
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Sibarites
                 growing
                 rich
                 suddenly
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 fruitfulness
                 of
                 the
                 Soil
                 ,
                 possess'd
                 the
                 City
                 only
                 Six
                 Years
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 again
                 ejected
                 ;
                 which
                 we
                 intend
                 to
                 relate
                 more
                 fully
                 in
                 the
                 following
                 Book
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XXVIII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Contests
                   between
                   Deucetius
                   and
                   the
                   Agrigentines
                   .
                   His
                   strange
                   Submission
                   to
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   ,
                   who
                   sent
                   him
                   to
                   Corinth
                   ,
                   with
                   promise
                   to
                   supply
                   him
                   with
                   Necessaries
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHen
                 Antidotus
                 was
                 Governor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 chose
                 
                   Lucius
                   Publius
                   Posthumus
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Horatius
                
                 Consuls
                 .
                 In
                 their
                 time
                 ,
                 Deucetius
                 the
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Siculi
                 took
                 Aetna
                 ,
                 whose
                 Prince
                 was
                 kill'd
                 by
                 Treachery
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 led
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 ,
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 Motyum
                 ,
                 a
                 Garrison
                 of
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 .
                 They
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 sent
                 aid
                 to
                 them
                 of
                 Motyum
                 ,
                 but
                 his
                 Army
                 fought
                 and
                 routed
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 Place
                 .
                 The
                 Winter
                 approaching
                 ,
                 all
                 return'd
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Cities
                 .
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 Bilco
                 ,
                 the
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 the
                 Author
                 (
                 as
                 was
                 supposed
                 )
                 of
                 that
                 ruin
                 that
                 was
                 brought
                 upon
                 them
                 in
                 this
                 Battel
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 was
                 judg'd
                 to
                 have
                 had
                 secret
                 Correspondence
                 with
                 Deucetius
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 Return
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 another
                 General
                 ,
                 committing
                 to
                 him
                 an
                 Army
                 well
                 appointed
                 
                 in
                 all
                 respects
                 ,
                 with
                 strict
                 Orders
                 to
                 ruin
                 and
                 destroy
                 Deucetius
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 end
                 he
                 led
                 forth
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 found
                 Deucetius
                 encamp'd
                 near
                 
                 Nomae
                 ,
                 where
                 a
                 Battel
                 was
                 fought
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 many
                 kill'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 the
                 Siculi
                 after
                 a
                 valiant
                 Resistance
                 at
                 last
                 fled
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 great
                 slaughter
                 was
                 made
                 of
                 'em
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Pursuit
                 .
                 Many
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 escap'd
                 ,
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Forts
                 and
                 Strong
                 Holds
                 ,
                 for
                 few
                 had
                 Hearts
                 and
                 Courage
                 enough
                 to
                 run
                 the
                 same
                 Fortune
                 with
                 Deucetius
                 .
              
               
                 Whilst
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 thus
                 acting
                 ,
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 retook
                 the
                 Castle
                 of
                 
                 Motyum
                 by
                 force
                 ,
                 wherein
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 was
                 a
                 Garrison
                 of
                 Deucetius
                 ;
                 then
                 they
                 march'd
                 to
                 the
                 Victorious
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 encamp'd
                 together
                 :
                 But
                 Deucetius
                 having
                 lost
                 all
                 his
                 Treasure
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 Battel
                 ,
                 was
                 brought
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 extremity
                 ,
                 partly
                 through
                 the
                 Treachery
                 of
                 some
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 through
                 the
                 Cowardize
                 of
                 others
                 of
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 who
                 deserted
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 length
                 seeing
                 matters
                 brought
                 to
                 so
                 desperate
                 a
                 Condition
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Friends
                 
                 who
                 were
                 yet
                 about
                 him
                 were
                 ready
                 to
                 lay
                 violent
                 Hands
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 execution
                 of
                 their
                 Treacheries
                 ,
                 he
                 fled
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 whilst
                 it
                 was
                 yet
                 dark
                 ,
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 Market-place
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 down
                 before
                 the
                 Altars
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 an
                 humble
                 Suppliant
                 ,
                 gave
                 up
                 both
                 himself
                 and
                 his
                 Country
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 The
                 strangeness
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 brought
                 a
                 great
                 Concourse
                 of
                 People
                 together
                 into
                 the
                 Market-place
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 a
                 General
                 Assembly
                 of
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 was
                 call'd
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 it
                 was
                 debated
                 what
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 in
                 this
                 matter
                 .
                 Some
                 who
                 were
                 used
                 and
                 lov'd
                 to
                 speak
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 persuaded
                 them
                 to
                 take
                 him
                 as
                 an
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 his
                 many
                 Acts
                 of
                 Hostility
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 punish
                 him
                 accordingly
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Wiser
                 sort
                 of
                 the
                 Senators
                 who
                 were
                 then
                 present
                 ,
                 declar'd
                 that
                 the
                 Suppliant
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 preserved
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 a
                 reverend
                 regard
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 to
                 the
                 Providence
                 of
                 God
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 not
                 have
                 respect
                 so
                 much
                 to
                 what
                 Deucetius
                 deserved
                 ,
                 as
                 seriously
                 to
                 consider
                 what
                 was
                 fit
                 and
                 just
                 for
                 them
                 to
                 do
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 case
                 .
                 To
                 kill
                 one
                 whom
                 Providence
                 had
                 laid
                 as
                 a
                 Suppliant
                 at
                 their
                 Feet
                 ,
                 was
                 unjust
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 preserve
                 and
                 keep
                 to
                 the
                 Rules
                 of
                 Piety
                 towards
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 Humanity
                 towards
                 Men
                 that
                 submit
                 to
                 Mercy
                 ,
                 greatly
                 became
                 the
                 Generosity
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 People
                 unanimously
                 cried
                 out
                 ,
                 
                   Let
                   the
                   Suppliant
                   be
                   safe
                   .
                   Deucetius
                
                 thus
                 deliver'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 sent
                 him
                 back
                 to
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 him
                 there
                 to
                 continue
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Days
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Promise
                 to
                 supply
                 him
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 his
                 comfortable
                 support
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 having
                 perform'd
                 our
                 Promise
                 in
                 setting
                 forth
                 those
                 things
                 that
                 happened
                 the
                 Year
                 next
                 before
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Expedition
                 into
                 Cyprus
                 under
                 Cymon
                 their
                 General
                 ,
                 we
                 conclude
                 this
                 Book
                 .
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               THE
               Historical
               Library
               OF
               
                 Diodorus
                 the
                 Sicilian
              
               .
               BOOK
               XII
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 PREFACE
                 .
              
               
                 
                   HE
                   who
                   seriously
                   considers
                   the
                   incertainty
                   and
                   instability
                   of
                   Humane
                   Affairs
                   ,
                   must
                   needs
                   be
                   struck
                   with
                   great
                   admiration
                   ;
                   for
                   he
                   'll
                   find
                   that
                   nothing
                   which
                   amongst
                   Men
                   is
                   accounted
                   Good
                   ,
                   is
                   purely
                   such
                   ;
                   nor
                   any
                   thing
                   that
                   is
                   esteemed
                   Bad
                   ,
                   is
                   perfectly
                   or
                   absolutely
                   evil
                   ,
                   without
                   some
                   ingredient
                   of
                   Profit
                   and
                   Advantage
                   :
                   Which
                   Lesson
                   we
                   may
                   learn
                   from
                   what
                   is
                   before
                   Related
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   ponder
                   and
                   digest
                   things
                   well
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   Expedition
                   of
                
                 Xerxes
                 
                   the
                   King
                   of
                
                 Persia
                 into
                 Greece
                 
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   his
                   vast
                   Army
                   ,
                   terrify'd
                   the
                
                 Grecians
                 
                   to
                   the
                   highest
                   degree
                   ,
                   who
                   were
                   by
                   that
                   War
                   in
                   great
                   danger
                   to
                   be
                   brought
                   into
                   absolute
                   Slavery
                   ,
                   and
                   might
                   justly
                   fear
                   that
                
                 Greece
                 
                   was
                   likely
                   to
                   fall
                   into
                   the
                   same
                   condition
                   with
                   the
                
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 
                   who
                   were
                   not
                   long
                   before
                   brought
                   under
                   the
                   power
                   of
                   the
                
                 Persians
                 .
                 
                   But
                   beyond
                   all
                   expectation
                   ,
                   the
                   event
                   of
                   this
                   War
                   ,
                   was
                   wonderful
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                
                 Grecians
                 
                   were
                   not
                   only
                   deliver'd
                   from
                   this
                   threatning
                   Storm
                   ,
                   but
                   by
                   that
                   occasion
                   gain'd
                   an
                   everlasting
                   Renown
                   ,
                   and
                   every
                   City
                   in
                
                 Greece
                 
                   thereby
                   abounded
                   with
                   so
                   much
                   Wealth
                   ,
                   that
                   their
                   suddain
                   Turn
                   of
                   Fortune
                   into
                   such
                   a
                   height
                   of
                   Prosperity
                   was
                   admir'd
                   by
                   all
                   :
                   For
                   Fifty
                   Years
                   together
                   from
                   that
                   time
                   ,
                
                 Greece
                 
                   flourished
                   in
                   all
                   Felicity
                   ;
                   in
                   which
                   time
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Wealth
                   that
                   abounded
                   amongst
                   them
                   ,
                   all
                   good
                   Arts
                   were
                   highly
                   improv'd
                   ,
                   and
                   excellent
                   Artists
                   are
                   recorded
                   to
                   have
                   flourished
                   in
                   this
                   Age
                   ;
                   amongst
                   whom
                   was
                
                 Phidias
                 
                   that
                   famous
                   Statuary
                   ;
                   and
                   several
                   other
                   Arts
                   and
                   Sciences
                
                 
                 
                   then
                   advanced
                   to
                   an
                   extraordinary
                   degree
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   great
                   honour
                   of
                
                 Greece
                 
                   was
                   Philosophy
                   and
                   Oratory
                   ,
                   and
                   chiefly
                   among
                   the
                
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 
                   Those
                   that
                   were
                   eminent
                   for
                   Philosophy
                   ,
                   were
                
                 Socrates
                 ,
                 Plato
                 and
                 Aristotle
                 :
                 
                   For
                   Oratory
                
                 ,
                 Pericles
                 ,
                 Isocrates
                 
                   and
                   his
                   Scholars
                   .
                   There
                   were
                   others
                   no
                   less
                   famous
                   for
                   Military
                   Discipline
                   and
                   excellent
                   Commanders
                   ,
                   as
                
                 Miltiades
                 ,
                 Themistocles
                 ,
                 Aristides
                 ,
                 Cimon
                 ,
                 Mironides
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   many
                   others
                   ,
                   of
                   whom
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   too
                   tedious
                   to
                   give
                   a
                   particular
                   account
                   .
                   For
                   the
                
                 Athenian
                 
                   Name
                   was
                   highly
                   honoured
                   almost
                   through
                   all
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   ;
                   for
                   they
                   so
                   enlarged
                   
                   their
                   Dominion
                   that
                   by
                   their
                   own
                   strength
                   without
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   the
                
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 
                 
                   and
                   them
                   of
                
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 
                   they
                   routed
                   the
                   mighty
                   Armies
                   of
                   the
                
                 Persians
                 ,
                 
                   both
                   by
                   Sea
                   and
                   Land
                   ;
                   and
                   did
                   so
                   weaken
                   that
                   great
                   Empire
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   compell'd
                   it
                   upon
                   Treaties
                   to
                   set
                   free
                   all
                   the
                
                 Grecian
                 
                   Cities
                   in
                
                 Asia
                 :
                 
                   The
                   particulars
                   whereof
                   are
                   distinctly
                   and
                   at
                   large
                   related
                   in
                   the
                   former
                   Book
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   this
                   we
                   have
                   at
                   present
                   in
                   hand
                   .
                   And
                   now
                   we
                   are
                   come
                   to
                   the
                   Matters
                   design'd
                   to
                   be
                   treated
                   of
                   ,
                   endeavouring
                   (
                   as
                   near
                   as
                   we
                   can
                   )
                   to
                   fix
                   the
                   time
                   when
                   things
                   were
                   done
                   .
                   We
                   began
                   the
                   Book
                   next
                   before
                   this
                   with
                   the
                   Passage
                   of
                
                 Xerxes
                 into
                 Greece
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   continued
                   it
                   with
                   an
                   account
                   of
                   affairs
                   every
                   where
                   happening
                   from
                   that
                   time
                   to
                   the
                   Year
                   next
                   before
                   the
                   Expedition
                   of
                   the
                
                 Athenians
                 against
                 Cyprus
                 under
                 Cymon
                 
                   their
                   General
                   .
                   In
                   this
                   we
                   shall
                   begin
                   with
                   that
                   Expedition
                   ,
                   and
                   proceed
                   to
                   the
                   VVar
                   decreed
                   by
                   the
                
                 Athenians
                 
                   against
                   the
                
                 Syracusians
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Cymon
                   the
                   Athenian
                   Admiral
                   .
                   his
                   Expedition
                   into
                   Cyprus
                   .
                   Peace
                   concluded
                   between
                   the
                   Persians
                   and
                   
                     Athenians
                     .
                     Cymon
                  
                   dyes
                   in
                   Cyprus
                   .
                
              
               
                 EVthydemus
                 being
                 chief
                 Governor
                 of
                 
                   Athens
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Quintus
                   Cinnatius
                
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Fabius
                   Vibulanus
                   Roman
                
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 Fortune
                 frown'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ;
                 
                 for
                 in
                 assisting
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 against
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 they
                 lost
                 all
                 their
                 Ships
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 *
                 Prosopis
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 a
                 new
                 War
                 was
                 Determin'd
                 against
                 the
                 Persians
                 for
                 the
                 Liberties
                 of
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Cities
                 in
                 Asia
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 this
                 purpose
                 the
                 Athenians
                 rigg'd
                 out
                 a
                 Navy
                 of
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Cymon
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Miltiades
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 him
                 to
                 make
                 streight
                 for
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 invade
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 Accordingly
                 he
                 forthwith
                 Sail'd
                 thither
                 
                 with
                 a
                 brave
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 well'd
                 Man'd
                 and
                 Victual'd
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 in
                 every
                 respect
                 sufficiently
                 provided
                 .
                 Artabasus
                 was
                 then
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 with
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Ships
                 at
                 Cyprus
                 :
                 And
                 Megabyzus
                 was
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Persian
                 Land
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 incamp'd
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 in
                 Cilicia
                 .
              
               
                 Cymon
                 being
                 Master
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 landed
                 his
                 Men
                 at
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 Citium
                 and
                 Malus
                 ,
                 but
                 used
                 his
                 Victory
                 with
                 great
                 Moderation
                 and
                 Humanity
                 ;
                 having
                 receiv'd
                 
                 Intelligence
                 that
                 Fleets
                 were
                 come
                 from
                 Phenicia
                 and
                 Celicia
                 to
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Islanders
                 ,
                 he
                 hois'd
                 up
                 Sail
                 ,
                 Fought
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 sunk
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 an
                 Hundred
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 their
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 pursued
                 the
                 rest
                 even
                 to
                 Phenicia
                 .
                 The
                 Persians
                 with
                 the
                 remnant
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 that
                 was
                 left
                 fled
                 to
                 Megabyzus
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 lay
                 incamp'd
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 without
                 delay
                 pursued
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 landed
                 
                 their
                 Men
                 and
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 but
                 lost
                 in
                 this
                 Fight
                 Anaxicrates
                 ,
                 Vice
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 who
                 Fought
                 with
                 much
                 Gallantry
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 fell
                 with
                 Honour
                 .
                 However
                 the
                 Athenians
                 got
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 return'd
                 to
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 Sail'd
                 back
                 to
                 Cyprus
                 .
                 These
                 were
                 the
                 things
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 Year
                 of
                 the
                 Cyprian
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 when
                 Pedieus
                 was
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 bestow'd
                 the
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 upon
                 
                   Marcus
                   Valerius
                   Lactuca
                
                 and
                 
                   Sporius
                   Virginius
                   Tricostus
                
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 
                 time
                 of
                 their
                 Government
                 Cymon
                 continuing
                 Master
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 brought
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Cyprus
                 under
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 :
                 But
                 Salamis
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 strong
                 Persian
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 well
                 stor'd
                 with
                 Arms
                 ,
                 Ammunition
                 and
                 Provision
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 ;
                 therefore
                 he
                 judg'd
                 it
                 of
                 mighty
                 consequence
                 and
                 Advantage
                 if
                 he
                 could
                 gain
                 this
                 Place
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 conceiv'd
                 if
                 this
                 were
                 done
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 would
                 easily
                 fall
                 into
                 his
                 Hands
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Persians
                 would
                 be
                 altogether
                 discourag'd
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 relieve
                 Salamis
                 (
                 the
                 Athenians
                 being
                 Masters
                 
                 at
                 Sea
                 )
                 would
                 be
                 deserted
                 and
                 despised
                 by
                 all
                 their
                 Confederats
                 .
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 he
                 concluded
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 of
                 Cyprus
                 were
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 subdu'd
                 ,
                 the
                 chief
                 ends
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 were
                 obtain'd
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 it
                 happend
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Athenians
                 
                 laying
                 close
                 Siege
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 Assaulted
                 and
                 Batter'd
                 it
                 every
                 day
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Garrison
                 being
                 well
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Arms
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 necessaries
                 ,
                 easily
                 defended
                 themselves
                 from
                 the
                 Walls
                 against
                 all
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Artaxerxes
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 defeating
                 of
                 his
                 Armies
                 in
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 call'd
                 together
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 determin'd
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 most
                 for
                 the
                 Public
                 Good
                 to
                 make
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Grecians
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 Expresses
                 were
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Generals
                 and
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 to
                 make
                 Peace
                 with
                 them
                 upon
                 any
                 Terms
                 .
                 Artabasus
                 and
                 Megabyzus
                 forthwith
                 dispatch'd
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 to
                 treat
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 whose
                 Conditions
                 being
                 accepted
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 likewise
                 Plenipotentiaries
                 ,
                 the
                 chief
                 of
                 whom
                 was
                 Callias
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Hipponicus
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 Articles
                 of
                 Peace
                 between
                 the
                 Persians
                 and
                 the
                 Athenians
                 
                 and
                 their
                 Confederats
                 ,
                 to
                 wit
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 in
                 Asia
                 should
                 be
                 free
                 and
                 govern'd
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 .
                 That
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Commanders
                 with
                 any
                 Force
                 should
                 come
                 within
                 three
                 Days
                 Journey
                 of
                 the
                 Sea.
                 That
                 they
                 should
                 not
                 Sail
                 in
                 any
                 Man
                 of
                 War
                 between
                 *
                 Phaselis
                 and
                 †
                 Cyane
                 .
                 When
                 these
                 were
                 confirm'd
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 and
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 agreed
                 and
                 engaged
                 not
                 to
                 invade
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 of
                 Artaxes
                 .
                 Peace
                 thus
                 concluded
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 withdrew
                 their
                 Forces
                 from
                 Cyprus
                 Triumphing
                 in
                 the
                 glory
                 of
                 their
                 Victories
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 advantages
                 of
                 the
                 Peace
                 .
                 But
                 whilst
                 the
                 Army
                 stay'd
                 in
                 
                   Cyprus
                   ,
                   Cymon
                
                 fell
                 Sick
                 and
                 there
                 Dyed
                 .
                 
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 Philiscus
                 being
                 chief
                 Ruler
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 chusing
                 
                   Titus
                   Romilius
                   Vaticanus
                
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Veturius
                   Cicurinus
                
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 was
                 Celebrated
                 the
                 Eighty
                 Third
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Crison
                 of
                 Himera
                 carried
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Megarians
                 revolted
                 from
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 Embassadors
                 sent
                 to
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 with
                 which
                 Treachery
                 the
                 Athenians
                 inrag'd
                 sent
                 their
                 Forces
                 into
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 who
                 rob'd
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 every
                 where
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 loaden
                 with
                 Plunder
                 return'd
                 home
                 .
                 The
                 Citizens
                 indeed
                 issued
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 for
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 ingag'd
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 beaten
                 and
                 driven
                 within
                 their
                 Walls
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 II.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Megarians
                   revolt
                   from
                   the
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   beaten
                   .
                   The
                   Athenians
                   routed
                   at
                   Cheronea
                   by
                   the
                   Beotians
                   .
                   Many
                   Cities
                   revolt
                   .
                   A
                   Peace
                   is
                   Concluded
                   .
                
              
               
                 AFter
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 when
                 Tymarchides
                 was
                 chief
                 Governor
                 of
                 
                   Athens
                   ,
                   Sporius
                   Tarpeius
                
                 and
                 
                   Aulus
                   Asterius
                   Fontinus
                
                 being
                 created
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 the
                 
                 Lacedemonians
                 made
                 an
                 Irruption
                 into
                 Attica
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 the
                 Country
                 far
                 and
                 near
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 taken
                 several
                 Forts
                 and
                 Castles
                 return'd
                 into
                 Peloponesus
                 .
                 However
                 Tolmedes
                 the
                 Athenian
                 General
                 took
                 Cheronea
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Beotians
                 joyning
                 together
                 supriz'd
                 him
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 a
                 Bloody
                 Battel
                 was
                 Fought
                 at
                 Cheronea
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Tolmedes
                 was
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 though
                 Fighting
                 with
                 great
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 all
                 kill'd
                 or
                 taken
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 remarkable
                 Slaughter
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 compell'd
                 for
                 the
                 redeeming
                 of
                 the
                 Captives
                 ,
                 to
                 restore
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Beotia
                 under
                 their
                 dominion
                 unto
                 their
                 ancient
                 Liberties
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 Calimachus
                 was
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 and
                 Sextus
                 
                 
                   Quintilius
                   Tergeminus
                   Roman
                
                 Consuls
                 ;
                 In
                 Greece
                 many
                 Cities
                 revolted
                 from
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 grown
                 very
                 low
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 late
                 defeat
                 at
                 Cheronea
                 ,
                 
                 especially
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Eubea
                 were
                 plotting
                 and
                 contriving
                 some
                 dangerous
                 Designs
                 .
                 Pericles
                 ,
                 therefore
                 being
                 made
                 General
                 ,
                 makes
                 for
                 Eubea
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 assaulted
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Hestieans
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 Captives
                 ,
                 and
                 transplanted
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 so
                 terrified
                 the
                 rest
                 that
                 
                 they
                 all
                 submitted
                 unto
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Government
                 .
                 And
                 a
                 Peace
                 was
                 concluded
                 for
                 
                 Thirty
                 Years
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Articles
                 were
                 Sign'd
                 and
                 Seal'd
                 by
                 Callias
                 and
                 Chares
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 III.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   War
                   between
                   the
                   Agrigentines
                   and
                   Syracusians
                   in
                   Sicily
                   .
                   The
                   War
                   between
                   them
                   of
                   Crotona
                   and
                   the
                   
                     Siberites
                     .
                     Sibaris
                  
                   raz'd
                   .
                   The
                   Building
                   of
                   
                     Thurium
                     .
                     Charondas
                  
                   his
                   good
                   Laws
                   in
                   Thurium
                   .
                   His
                   remarkable
                   Death
                   .
                   The
                   Laws
                   of
                   Zaleucus
                   of
                   Locris
                   .
                
              
               
                 IN
                 Sicily
                 Wars
                 arose
                 between
                 them
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 and
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 for
                 these
                 
                 Reasons
                 .
                 After
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 had
                 broken
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 Ducetius
                 Prince
                 of
                 the
                 Siculi
                 ,
                 upon
                 his
                 submission
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 for
                 Mercy
                 ,
                 they
                 pardon'd
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 lead
                 a
                 private
                 Life
                 at
                 Corinth
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 continued
                 not
                 long
                 there
                 before
                 he
                 broke
                 all
                 his
                 Engagements
                 and
                 Agreements
                 ,
                 and
                 pretending
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 commanded
                 by
                 the
                 Oracle
                 to
                 People
                 the
                 *
                 pleasant
                 Sea
                 Coast
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 he
                 arriv'd
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 as
                 Colonies
                 to
                 Plant
                 there
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 Siculi
                 join'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 amongst
                 them
                 one
                 Archonides
                 ,
                 Prince
                 of
                 †
                 Erbita
                 :
                 While
                 he
                 was
                 intent
                 upon
                 his
                 Colony
                 ,
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 partly
                 out
                 of
                 envy
                 to
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 because
                 they
                 had
                 spar'd
                 Deucetius
                 their
                 common
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 without
                 their
                 Consent
                 ,
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 Siculi
                 then
                 divided
                 ;
                 some
                 joyn'd
                 with
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 ,
                 others
                 with
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 and
                 great
                 Armies
                 are
                 rais'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Cities
                 are
                 pressed
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 with
                 great
                 Importunity
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 emcamping
                 one
                 over
                 against
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 River
                 Himera
                 ,
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 a
                 Battle
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 got
                 the
                 day
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 a
                 Thousand
                 of
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 upon
                 the
                 Place
                 .
                 But
                 presently
                 after
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 sent
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 to
                 make
                 Peace
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 agreed
                 unto
                 upon
                 Conditions
                 .
                 Whilst
                 things
                 were
                 thus
                 acting
                 in
                 Sicily
                 the
                 City
                 Thurium
                 was
                 Built
                 in
                 Italy
                 :
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 
                 occasion
                 ;
              
               
                 The
                 Grecians
                 sometime
                 before
                 having
                 Built
                 Sybaris
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 the
                 City
                 grew
                 very
                 Rich
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 fruitfulness
                 of
                 the
                 Soil
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 Situated
                 between
                 two
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 Crathis
                 and
                 Sybaris
                 (
                 from
                 whence
                 it
                 took
                 it's
                 Name
                 )
                 and
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 having
                 a
                 large
                 and
                 rich
                 Country
                 to
                 Till
                 ,
                 they
                 grew
                 Rich
                 on
                 a
                 
                 suddain
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 in
                 many
                 into
                 the
                 Freedom
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 flourish'd
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 degree
                 as
                 that
                 they
                 seem'd
                 to
                 exceed
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Italy
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 populous
                 that
                 this
                 one
                 City
                 had
                 in
                 it
                 three
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 There
                 was
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 one
                 call'd
                 Telys
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 great
                 Influence
                 over
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 This
                 Man
                 by
                 raising
                 Scandals
                 amongst
                 the
                 the
                 Citizens
                 against
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 the
                 Richest
                 ,
                 so
                 far
                 at
                 length
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 the
                 Sybarites
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 Banish'd
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 wealthy
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 confiscated
                 
                 their
                 Estates
                 to
                 the
                 public
                 Use
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Banish'd
                 Men
                 went
                 to
                 Crotona
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 (
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 suppliants
                 )
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Altars
                 erected
                 in
                 the
                 Forum
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 Telys
                 sent
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 the
                 Crotonians
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 the
                 banish'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 or
                 expect
                 War.
                 A
                 Council
                 was
                 call'd
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 question
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 should
                 deliver
                 up
                 the
                 *
                 Suppliants
                 to
                 the
                 Sybarites
                 or
                 ingage
                 in
                 a
                 War
                 with
                 an
                 Enemy
                 more
                 powerful
                 than
                 themselves
                 .
                 The
                 Senate
                 and
                 People
                 made
                 some
                 doubt
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 first
                 inclin'd
                 to
                 deliver
                 them
                 up
                 rather
                 than
                 endure
                 the
                 War.
                 But
                 afterwards
                 Pythagoras
                 advising
                 them
                 to
                 protect
                 the
                 Suppliants
                 they
                 chang'd
                 their
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 and
                 determin'd
                 to
                 Fight
                 in
                 their
                 Defence
                 .
              
               
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Sybarites
                 took
                 the
                 Field
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 three
                 hundred
                 Thousand
                 Men.
                 The
                 Crotonians
                 had
                 but
                 an
                 hundred
                 Thousand
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 commanded
                 by
                 Milo
                 the
                 Wrestler
                 ,
                 who
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 Onset
                 put
                 to
                 flight
                 that
                 Wing
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 which
                 was
                 opposite
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 of
                 invincible
                 Strength
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 Courage
                 answerable
                 to
                 his
                 Strength
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 been
                 six
                 times
                 Victor
                 at
                 the
                 Olympick
                 Games
                 ;
                 when
                 he
                 began
                 his
                 Fight
                 he
                 was
                 Crown'd
                 with
                 Olmpick
                 
                 Wealths
                 ,
                 wearing
                 (
                 like
                 Hercules
                 )
                 a
                 Lion's
                 Skin
                 and
                 a
                 Club
                 ;
                 at
                 last
                 he
                 gain'd
                 an
                 absolute
                 Victory
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 was
                 much
                 admir'd
                 by
                 his
                 Country-Men
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 rout
                 the
                 Crotonians
                 gave
                 no
                 Quarter
                 ,
                 but
                 Kill'd
                 all
                 they
                 took
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 was
                 destroyed
                 ,
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 sackt
                 and
                 miserably
                 laid
                 wast
                 and
                 desolate
                 .
                 But
                 within
                 fifty
                 eight
                 Years
                 
                 after
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 arriv'd
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 Plant
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 within
                 less
                 than
                 five
                 Years
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 rebuilt
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 likewise
                 ejected
                 by
                 the
                 Crotonians
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 Calimachus
                 was
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 this
                 City
                 began
                 to
                 be
                 Inhabited
                 :
                 But
                 shortly
                 after
                 it
                 had
                 chang'd
                 both
                 it's
                 Name
                 and
                 
                 Place
                 ,
                 being
                 Built
                 elsewhere
                 by
                 Lampo
                 and
                 Xenocrates
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 upon
                 this
                 occasion
                 .
                 The
                 Sybarites
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 a
                 second
                 time
                 ,
                 sent
                 Embassadors
                 into
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 desir'd
                 aid
                 from
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 and
                 Athenians
                 to
                 assist
                 them
                 in
                 restoring
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 desiring
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 send
                 a
                 Colony
                 to
                 partake
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 rejected
                 their
                 Address
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Athenians
                 resolved
                 to
                 assist
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 ten
                 Ships
                 with
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 the
                 Sybarites
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 Lampo
                 and
                 Xenocrates
                 
                 were
                 Generals
                 :
                 And
                 Proclamation
                 was
                 made
                 through
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Peloponesus
                 by
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Heralds
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 lawful
                 for
                 any
                 that
                 would
                 ,
                 to
                 Plant
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 intended
                 new
                 Colony
                 .
                 Many
                 comply'd
                 ,
                 especially
                 being
                 mov'd
                 thereunto
                 by
                 the
                 Oracle
                 of
                 Apollo
                 ,
                 who
                 advis'd
                 them
                 to
                 Build
                 a
                 City
                 there
                 where
                 there
                 was
                 little
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 Bread
                 without
                 Measure
                 .
              
               
                 Setting
                 Sail
                 therefore
                 for
                 Italy
                 ,
                 they
                 at
                 length
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Sybaris
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 made
                 diligent
                 search
                 for
                 the
                 Place
                 commended
                 to
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 Deity
                 .
                 And
                 finding
                 a
                 Fountain
                 or
                 Spring
                 (
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 Sybaris
                 )
                 which
                 was
                 call'd
                 Thuria
                 ,
                 issuing
                 it's
                 Waters
                 through
                 a
                 brazen
                 Pipe
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Medymnum
                 ,
                 which
                 signifies
                 a
                 Bushel
                 (
                 judging
                 this
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Place
                 foretold
                 by
                 the
                 Oracle
                 )
                 they
                 compass'd
                 it
                 in
                 with
                 a
                 Wall
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 Built
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 calling
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 the
                 Spring
                 Thurium
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 City
                 in
                 length
                 contain'd
                 four
                 Streets
                 :
                 The
                 first
                 they
                 call'd
                 Heraclea
                 ,
                 the
                 second
                 Aphrodisiade
                 ,
                 the
                 third
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 the
                 fourth
                 Dionysiad
                 .
                 The
                 bredth
                 was
                 divided
                 into
                 three
                 Streets
                 ;
                 the
                 first
                 call'd
                 Heroa
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 Thuria
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 last
                 Thurina
                 .
                 When
                 all
                 these
                 Streets
                 were
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Houses
                 ,
                 the
                 City
                 appear'd
                 very
                 compact
                 and
                 beautiful
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Thurians
                 continued
                 not
                 long
                 at
                 Peace
                 amongst
                 
                 themselves
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 grievous
                 Sedition
                 (
                 and
                 not
                 without
                 some
                 cause
                 )
                 began
                 to
                 disturb
                 their
                 Common-wealth
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Sybarites
                 ,
                 the
                 ancient
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 shar'd
                 all
                 the
                 chief
                 Places
                 of
                 the
                 Magistracy
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 only
                 the
                 inferior
                 
                 Offices
                 to
                 the
                 new
                 Colonies
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Wives
                 of
                 the
                 antient
                 Citizens
                 were
                 first
                 admitted
                 to
                 Sacrifice
                 before
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 lately
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 Freedom
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 they
                 ingross'd
                 all
                 the
                 Land
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 it
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 far
                 off
                 to
                 the
                 new
                 Comers
                 .
                 This
                 Fire
                 of
                 Dissention
                 broke
                 out
                 into
                 a
                 devouring
                 Flame
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 that
                 the
                 new
                 Colony
                 (
                 then
                 more
                 powerful
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 )
                 destroy'd
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 ancient
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Power
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Country
                 being
                 very
                 Rich
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 than
                 was
                 sufficient
                 for
                 them
                 that
                 remain'd
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 for
                 many
                 out
                 of
                 Greece
                 to
                 till
                 and
                 improve
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 they
                 divided
                 both
                 the
                 Houses
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 that
                 were
                 destitute
                 of
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Land
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 The
                 Inhabitants
                 grew
                 very
                 Rich
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 entring
                 into
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Crotonians
                 ,
                 govern'd
                 their
                 Common-wealth
                 from
                 thenceforth
                 with
                 great
                 Commendation
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 setled
                 a
                 Democracy
                 ,
                 divided
                 the
                 Citizens
                 into
                 ten
                 Tribes
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 them
                 Names
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Countries
                 :
                 Three
                 that
                 came
                 out
                 of
                 Peloponesus
                 they
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Arcadian
                   ,
                   Achaian
                
                 and
                 Elean
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Number
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 came
                 from
                 other
                 more
                 remote
                 Parts
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 they
                 nam'd
                 the
                 
                   Beotian
                   ,
                   Amphyctonidae
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Doridae
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Tribes
                 .
                 The
                 four
                 residue
                 from
                 other
                 Countries
                 of
                 Greece
                 they
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Jadans
                   ,
                   Athenaidae
                   ,
                   Enboedae
                
                 and
                 Islanders
                 .
                 Out
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 learned
                 and
                 best
                 accomplish'd
                 Citizens
                 they
                 chose
                 for
                 their
                 Legislator
                 Charonidas
                 ,
                 who
                 examin'd
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 every
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 pickt
                 out
                 of
                 every
                 one
                 what
                 he
                 judged
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 best
                 ,
                 and
                 digested
                 them
                 all
                 into
                 one
                 Body
                 or
                 Systeme
                 :
                 But
                 
                 he
                 added
                 many
                 himself
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Contrivance
                 :
                 To
                 rehearse
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 unprofitable
                 to
                 the
                 Reader
                 .
                 And
                 first
                 he
                 institued
                 ,
                 That
                 whoever
                 
                 Married
                 a
                 second
                 Wife
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 a
                 Stepmother
                 amongst
                 his
                 Children
                 ,
                 should
                 
                 be
                 remov'd
                 from
                 the
                 Senate
                 and
                 Common
                 Assemblies
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 judg'd
                 that
                 Man
                 could
                 never
                 advise
                 his
                 Country
                 well
                 who
                 was
                 so
                 imprudent
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Family
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 once
                 well
                 Marry'd
                 ought
                 to
                 rest
                 satisfied
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 Happiness
                 ;
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 unfortunate
                 in
                 their
                 first
                 Match
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 against
                 their
                 own
                 experience
                 commit
                 a
                 second
                 Fault
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 kind
                 ,
                 justly
                 deserve
                 to
                 be
                 noted
                 for
                 Fools
                 .
                 To
                 False
                 Accusers
                 he
                 appointed
                 this
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 led
                 through
                 the
                 City
                 Crown'd
                 with
                 the
                 Shrub-Tamarisk
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 might
                 
                 appear
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Offender
                 was
                 guilty
                 of
                 the
                 highest
                 Wickedness
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 reported
                 that
                 some
                 Convicted
                 of
                 this
                 Offence
                 ,
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 disgrace
                 have
                 kill'd
                 themselves
                 .
                 By
                 the
                 severity
                 of
                 this
                 Law
                 false
                 Informers
                 (
                 the
                 Plague
                 of
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 )
                 were
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Citizens
                 lived
                 in
                 great
                 prosperity
                 .
                 Charonidas
                 made
                 likewise
                 a
                 new
                 Law
                 (
                 never
                 before
                 instituted
                 by
                 any
                 former
                 Legislator
                 )
                 concerning
                 keeping
                 bad
                 Company
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 found
                 by
                 Experience
                 ,
                 That
                 both
                 the
                 Manners
                 and
                 Judgments
                 of
                 good
                 and
                 honest
                 
                 Men
                 were
                 often
                 depraved
                 by
                 the
                 society
                 and
                 familiarity
                 of
                 wicked
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 drawn
                 aside
                 from
                 the
                 Paths
                 of
                 Virtue
                 to
                 the
                 filthiness
                 of
                 Vice
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 such
                 Company
                 like
                 an
                 infectious
                 Disease
                 seised
                 the
                 Minds
                 of
                 the
                 very
                 best
                 with
                 it's
                 Contagion
                 and
                 Corruption
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 way
                 to
                 Vice
                 is
                 down
                 the
                 Hill
                 with
                 a
                 very
                 easy
                 descent
                 ;
                 by
                 reason
                 whereof
                 many
                 of
                 more
                 than
                 ordinary
                 Integrity
                 ,
                 (
                 insnar'd
                 with
                 the
                 inticing
                 Charms
                 of
                 Pleasure
                 )
                 have
                 fallen
                 into
                 the
                 highest
                 degree
                 of
                 Wickedness
                 ;
                 desiring
                 therefore
                 to
                 prevent
                 this
                 mischief
                 he
                 severly
                 forbad
                 the
                 keeping
                 company
                 and
                 familiarity
                 with
                 lewd
                 Men
                 :
                 And
                 fram'd
                 a
                 Process
                 against
                 ill
                 Society
                 ,
                 and
                 impos'd
                 a
                 severe
                 Fine
                 upon
                 such
                 as
                 should
                 be
                 found
                 Guilty
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 made
                 moreover
                 another
                 Law
                 more
                 excellent
                 than
                 this
                 ,
                 past
                 
                 by
                 ,
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 ancient
                 Lawmakers
                 :
                 That
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 all
                 the
                 Children
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 should
                 learn
                 to
                 *
                 Write
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 City
                 should
                 pay
                 the
                 Master
                 Wages
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 knew
                 that
                 they
                 who
                 were
                 poor
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 be
                 at
                 the
                 Charge
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 consequence
                 must
                 lose
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 Instruction
                 for
                 their
                 Children
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 prefer'd
                 (
                 and
                 not
                 without
                 Cause
                 )
                 the
                 †
                 knowledge
                 of
                 Writing
                 to
                 be
                 learnt
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 before
                 all
                 other
                 Arts
                 ;
                 For
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 this
                 many
                 things
                 conducing
                 to
                 the
                 publice
                 Good
                 are
                 preserv'd
                 to
                 Posterity
                 ;
                 as
                 Suffrages
                 ,
                 Decrees
                 ,
                 Epistles
                 ,
                 Wills
                 Laws
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 Instruction
                 .
                 Who
                 can
                 sufficiently
                 set
                 forth
                 the
                 praises
                 this
                 Art
                 ?
                 By
                 this
                 the
                 Memory
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 is
                 preserv'd
                 amongst
                 the
                 living
                 ;
                 by
                 these
                 Messengers
                 ,
                 they
                 that
                 are
                 at
                 the
                 greatest
                 distance
                 ,
                 far
                 absent
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 Convers'd
                 with
                 as
                 present
                 .
                 These
                 preserve
                 the
                 Opinions
                 of
                 the
                 wisest
                 Men
                 ,
                 the
                 Answers
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 the
                 Learning
                 of
                 Philosophers
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Sciences
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 hand
                 them
                 down
                 to
                 Posterity
                 for
                 ever
                 .
                 Life
                 is
                 due
                 to
                 Nature
                 ,
                 but
                 how
                 to
                 live
                 well
                 we
                 ow
                 to
                 the
                 Books
                 of
                 the
                 Learned
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 by
                 this
                 good
                 Law
                 (
                 at
                 the
                 public
                 Care
                 and
                 Charge
                 )
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 illiterate
                 before
                 (
                 wholly
                 depriv'd
                 of
                 those
                 great
                 Blessings
                 )
                 were
                 now
                 improv'd
                 by
                 more
                 happy
                 Education
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 (
                 we
                 may
                 say
                 )
                 he
                 far
                 exceeded
                 those
                 former
                 Lawmakers
                 who
                 appointed
                 Phisicians
                 for
                 the
                 curing
                 of
                 private
                 Mens
                 Distempers
                 at
                 the
                 charge
                 of
                 the
                 Public
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 provided
                 cures
                 for
                 Mens
                 Bodies
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 for
                 Ignorance
                 and
                 disease
                 of
                 Mens
                 Souls
                 .
                 And
                 we
                 never
                 desire
                 to
                 have
                 need
                 of
                 a
                 
                 Phisician
                 ,
                 but
                 are
                 always
                 unwilling
                 to
                 part
                 with
                 a
                 learned
                 Man
                 :
                 Many
                 Poets
                 have
                 Celebrated
                 these
                 Laws
                 concerning
                 evil
                 Company
                 ;
                 among
                 others
                 are
                 these
                 .
                 —
              
               
                 
                   If
                   one
                   Herd
                   with
                   bad
                   Company
                
                 
                   I
                   ask
                   not
                   what
                   he
                   is
                   ,
                   but
                   ,
                   see
                   ,
                
                 
                   Such
                   as
                   his
                   Friends
                   are
                   such
                   is
                   he
                   .
                   
                
              
               
                 Of
                 his
                 Law
                 concerning
                 Stepmothers
                 mention
                 is
                 made
                 thus
                 ,
                 The
                 lawgiver
                 (
                 say
                 they
                 )
                 Charonidas
                 ,
                 amongst
                 others
                 made
                 this
                 Law.
                 —
              
               
                 
                   Let
                   him
                   have
                   no
                   repute
                   but
                   of
                   a
                   Fool
                
                 
                   That
                   sets
                   a
                   Stepdame
                   o're
                   his
                   House
                   to
                   Rule
                   :
                
                 
                   Nor
                   let
                   him
                   for
                   a
                   civil
                   Office
                   sue
                   ,
                
                 
                   Who
                   to
                   an
                   old
                   Plague
                   dares
                   to
                   add
                   a
                   new
                   :
                
                 
                 
                   If
                   good
                   luck
                   in
                   a
                   Wife
                   thou
                   hast
                   had
                   ,
                   then
                
                 
                   Stick
                   at
                   a
                   good
                   hand
                   ;
                   if
                   bad
                   ,
                   as
                   most
                   Men
                   ,
                
                 
                   Th'
                   art
                   Mad
                   if
                   thou
                   seekst
                   to
                   be
                   curs'd
                   again
                   .
                
              
               
                 In
                 truth
                 he
                 who
                 miscarries
                 twice
                 in
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 may
                 justly
                 be
                 accounted
                 a
                 Fool.
                 For
                 what
                 Philemon
                 the
                 Comick
                 Poet
                 says
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 have
                 often
                 escap'd
                 Shipwrack
                 ,
                 some
                 have
                 apply'd
                 to
                 this
                 Case
                 .
              
               
                 
                   I
                   wonder
                   not
                   that
                   one
                   the
                   Sea
                   should
                   enter
                
                 
                   And
                   Sail
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   he
                   made
                   the
                   second
                   venture
                   .
                
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 no
                 wonder
                 to
                 see
                 a
                 Man
                 Marry
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 see
                 him
                 twice
                 Marry
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 's
                 safer
                 and
                 more
                 advisable
                 for
                 a
                 Man
                 to
                 expose
                 himself
                 twice
                 to
                 the
                 dangers
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 the
                 hazards
                 of
                 a
                 second
                 Wife
                 .
                 For
                 most
                 sad
                 and
                 cruel
                 discords
                 often
                 arise
                 in
                 Families
                 between
                 Parents
                 and
                 Children
                 by
                 the
                 tricks
                 and
                 devices
                 of
                 Stepmothers
                 .
                 Hence
                 we
                 have
                 the
                 frequent
                 and
                 horrid
                 pieces
                 of
                 Villany
                 of
                 this
                 kind
                 represented
                 upon
                 the
                 Stage
                 by
                 the
                 Tragedians
                 .
              
               
                 Charonidas
                 fram'd
                 another
                 very
                 good
                 Law
                 concerning
                 the
                 Guardianship
                 of
                 Orphans
                 .
                 
                 Upon
                 the
                 first
                 view
                 there
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 little
                 in
                 it
                 worthy
                 taking
                 notice
                 of
                 ;
                 but
                 Examining
                 it
                 more
                 closely
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 discern
                 much
                 in
                 it
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 excellent
                 Contrivance
                 .
                 Their
                 Estates
                 he
                 commited
                 to
                 the
                 care
                 and
                 Guardianship
                 of
                 next
                 of
                 Kin
                 on
                 their
                 Fathers
                 side
                 ,
                 but
                 their
                 Education
                 and
                 the
                 custody
                 of
                 their
                 Persons
                 
                 to
                 them
                 of
                 the
                 Mothers
                 .
                 At
                 first
                 here
                 seems
                 nothing
                 of
                 any
                 great
                 weight
                 in
                 this
                 Law
                 ,
                 but
                 upon
                 more
                 serious
                 Consideration
                 ,
                 it
                 will
                 evidently
                 appear
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 most
                 excellent
                 Constitution
                 :
                 For
                 if
                 the
                 Cause
                 be
                 seriously
                 pry'd
                 into
                 why
                 he
                 order'd
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Estate
                 to
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Education
                 of
                 the
                 Person
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 the
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Prudence
                 of
                 the
                 Lawmaker
                 will
                 be
                 very
                 evident
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 on
                 the
                 Mother's
                 side
                 would
                 never
                 contrive
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 prejudice
                 to
                 the
                 Person
                 whose
                 Estate
                 could
                 never
                 come
                 and
                 descend
                 to
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 mischief
                 was
                 prevented
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Kindred
                 of
                 the
                 Father's
                 side
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Person
                 was
                 not
                 committed
                 to
                 their
                 Custody
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Estate
                 of
                 the
                 Orphan
                 was
                 to
                 fall
                 to
                 the
                 Father's
                 Kindred
                 in
                 case
                 of
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 presum'd
                 they
                 would
                 take
                 care
                 to
                 preserve
                 and
                 improve
                 it
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 prospect
                 of
                 the
                 possibility
                 of
                 it's
                 coming
                 unto
                 themselves
                 .
                 Another
                 Law
                 he
                 made
                 against
                 those
                 that
                 ran
                 
                 away
                 from
                 their
                 Colours
                 or
                 refus'd
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 Arms
                 for
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 :
                 For
                 whereas
                 former
                 Lawgivers
                 made
                 it
                 Death
                 ,
                 his
                 Edict
                 was
                 ,
                 That
                 such
                 Men
                 should
                 sit
                 three
                 days
                 in
                 the
                 Forum
                 cloth'd
                 in
                 Womans
                 Apparel
                 ;
                 which
                 Constitution
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 more
                 moderate
                 than
                 those
                 in
                 other
                 places
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 disgrace
                 did
                 work
                 more
                 upon
                 ingenious
                 Spirits
                 to
                 deterr
                 them
                 from
                 softness
                 and
                 effeminatness
                 ;
                 judging
                 it
                 far
                 better
                 to
                 dye
                 than
                 to
                 undergo
                 so
                 much
                 disgrace
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 way
                 he
                 destroy'd
                 not
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 Guilty
                 ,
                 but
                 reserv'd
                 them
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 Service
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 as
                 occasion
                 should
                 be
                 ;
                 who
                 in
                 all
                 likelyhood
                 after
                 such
                 disgrace
                 would
                 carry
                 themselves
                 better
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour
                 to
                 wipe
                 off
                 the
                 stain
                 of
                 their
                 former
                 reproach
                 by
                 doing
                 something
                 more
                 than
                 ordinary
                 for
                 the
                 time
                 to
                 come
                 .
                 The
                 Severity
                 and
                 Strictness
                 likewise
                 
                 of
                 his
                 Laws
                 gave
                 a
                 perpetual
                 vigor
                 to
                 them
                 ;
                 For
                 it
                 was
                 absolutly
                 forbidden
                 to
                 depart
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 from
                 the
                 Letter
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 tho'
                 it
                 were
                 never
                 so
                 severe
                 or
                 inconvenient
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 any
                 were
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 repealed
                 or
                 amended
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 power
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 judg'd
                 it
                 fit
                 and
                 just
                 for
                 every
                 Man
                 to
                 Stoop
                 to
                 the
                 
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Lawgiver
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 suffer
                 the
                 Cavils
                 and
                 Exceptions
                 of
                 every
                 private
                 Man
                 to
                 prevail
                 (
                 nay
                 though
                 they
                 seem'd
                 to
                 tend
                 to
                 the
                 Public
                 good
                 )
                 was
                 most
                 absurd
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 he
                 restrain'd
                 those
                 that
                 would
                 in
                 giving
                 of
                 of
                 Judgment
                 for
                 criminal
                 Matters
                 bring
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Glosses
                 and
                 Expositions
                 against
                 the
                 express
                 Words
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 ,
                 lest
                 by
                 their
                 Cavils
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Laws
                 should
                 come
                 to
                 nothing
                 .
                 And
                 hereupon
                 it
                 is
                 reported
                 that
                 some
                 Prosecutors
                 
                 against
                 Criminals
                 said
                 to
                 the
                 Judges
                 ,
                 that
                 either
                 the
                 Law
                 or
                 the
                 Malefactor
                 must
                 of
                 necessity
                 be
                 preserv'd
                 ,
                 Charonidas
                 therefore
                 appointed
                 something
                 more
                 than
                 usual
                 concerning
                 the
                 amendment
                 of
                 the
                 Laws
                 .
                 For
                 whereas
                 he
                 saw
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 in
                 diverse
                 Cities
                 who
                 rashly
                 ,
                 and
                 hand
                 over
                 head
                 going
                 about
                 to
                 correct
                 and
                 amend
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 did
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 (
                 by
                 corrupting
                 them
                 )
                 involve
                 the
                 common
                 People
                 in
                 Seditions
                 ;
                 he
                 publish'd
                 this
                 most
                 excellent
                 Law
                 (
                 differing
                 from
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 before
                 )
                 That
                 any
                 Person
                 who
                 would
                 have
                 any
                 Law
                 to
                 be
                 
                 altered
                 or
                 amended
                 ,
                 a
                 Council
                 should
                 be
                 call'd
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 who
                 would
                 have
                 an
                 alteration
                 ,
                 
                 should
                 have
                 a
                 Rope
                 put
                 about
                 his
                 Neck
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 continue
                 while
                 the
                 Votes
                 of
                 the
                 People-concerning
                 the
                 change
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 were
                 in
                 taking
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 the
                 Assembly
                 did
                 approve
                 of
                 the
                 new
                 Law
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 Author
                 should
                 be
                 discharg'd
                 ;
                 
                 but
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 rejected
                 ,
                 then
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 forthwith
                 hang'd
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 so
                 severe
                 a
                 Caution
                 to
                 prevent
                 Innovation
                 ,
                 new
                 Law-makers
                 disappear'd
                 ,
                 and
                 none
                 durst
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 whisper
                 any
                 thing
                 concerning
                 the
                 amendment
                 or
                 alteration
                 of
                 the
                 Laws
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 that
                 time
                 forward
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 at
                 Thurium
                 only
                 Three
                 (
                 forc'd
                 by
                 urgent
                 Provocations
                 )
                 that
                 appear'd
                 and
                 stood
                 up
                 to
                 persuade
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 Abrogation
                 of
                 some
                 Laws
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Law
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 who
                 struck
                 out
                 the
                 Eye
                 
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 should
                 have
                 his
                 own
                 Eye
                 pluckt
                 out
                 .
                 It
                 happened
                 that
                 one
                 who
                 had
                 only
                 one
                 Eye
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 injury
                 of
                 another
                 )
                 lost
                 that
                 also
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 altogether
                 
                 blind
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 case
                 although
                 the
                 Offender
                 was
                 to
                 lose
                 his
                 Eye
                 for
                 the
                 injury
                 done
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 punishment
                 was
                 not
                 thought
                 equivalent
                 to
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Offence
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 who
                 made
                 his
                 Fellow
                 Citizen
                 wholly
                 blind
                 ,
                 although
                 by
                 losing
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 he
                 satisfied
                 the
                 letter
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 loss
                 and
                 prejudice
                 was
                 not
                 equal
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 it
                 was
                 conceiv'd
                 to
                 be
                 most
                 equitable
                 and
                 just
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 who
                 depriv'd
                 another
                 of
                 his
                 sight
                 wholly
                 ,
                 should
                 lose
                 both
                 his
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 punishment
                 were
                 proportion'd
                 to
                 the
                 Offence
                 .
                 This
                 blind
                 Man
                 therefore
                 (
                 mov'd
                 and
                 heated
                 with
                 the
                 pain
                 and
                 indignity
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 )
                 complain'd
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 his
                 sad
                 Condition
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 his
                 Address
                 to
                 them
                 
                 for
                 amendment
                 of
                 the
                 Law.
                 At
                 length
                 having
                 the
                 Rope
                 about
                 his
                 Neck
                 ,
                 he
                 prevail'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Law
                 was
                 abolish'd
                 ,
                 and
                 another
                 made
                 more
                 effectual
                 in
                 its
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 he
                 escap'd
                 hanging
                 .
                 Another
                 Law
                 likewise
                 was
                 moderated
                 ,
                 whereby
                 power
                 was
                 given
                 to
                 the
                 Wife
                 in
                 some
                 cases
                 ,
                 to
                 leave
                 her
                 Husband
                 ,
                 and
                 marry
                 whom
                 else
                 she
                 thought
                 fit
                 .
                 For
                 one
                 grown
                 old
                 (
                 being
                 forsaken
                 by
                 his
                 young
                 Wife
                 )
                 proposed
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 for
                 an
                 amendment
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 to
                 have
                 this
                 further
                 Addition
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 lawful
                 for
                 any
                 Wife
                 that
                 had
                 a
                 desire
                 to
                 leave
                 
                 her
                 Husband
                 ,
                 to
                 marry
                 any
                 other
                 Man
                 ,
                 provided
                 he
                 were
                 no
                 younger
                 than
                 her
                 former
                 Husband
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 who
                 cast
                 off
                 his
                 Wife
                 ,
                 should
                 marry
                 none
                 younger
                 than
                 the
                 Wife
                 he
                 rejected
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 succeeded
                 so
                 well
                 in
                 his
                 Proposal
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 having
                 the
                 Law
                 amended
                 ,
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 escap'd
                 the
                 Rope
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 ,
                 his
                 Wife
                 that
                 had
                 a
                 Mind
                 to
                 a
                 young
                 Fellow
                 ,
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 him
                 again
                 .
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Third
                 Law
                 (
                 which
                 Solon
                 likewise
                 had
                 made
                 )
                 which
                 was
                 amended
                 ,
                 was
                 that
                 concerning
                 Virgins
                 and
                 Orphans
                 .
                 The
                 Law
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 where
                 there
                 was
                 an
                 Heiress
                 left
                 ,
                 the
                 next
                 of
                 Kin
                 might
                 demand
                 her
                 in
                 Marriage
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 a
                 young
                 Woman
                 an
                 Orphan
                 ,
                 might
                 demand
                 him
                 that
                 was
                 of
                 her
                 next
                 Kindred
                 in
                 Marriage
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 forc'd
                 to
                 marry
                 her
                 ;
                 or
                 if
                 she
                 were
                 poor
                 ,
                 give
                 her
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 *
                 
                 Drachma's
                 for
                 her
                 Portion
                 .
                 There
                 was
                 an
                 Orphan
                 of
                 this
                 kind
                 left
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 Family
                 ,
                 but
                 yet
                 extream
                 Poor
                 ;
                 she
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 her
                 Poverty
                 in
                 no
                 likelihood
                 to
                 get
                 a
                 Husband
                 ,
                 made
                 her
                 application
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 many
                 Tears
                 bemoaned
                 her
                 desolate
                 condition
                 ,
                 and
                 despicable
                 state
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 desir'd
                 an
                 amendment
                 of
                 the
                 Law
                 to
                 this
                 purpose
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 lieu
                 of
                 the
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 
                 Drachma's
                 ,
                 the
                 next
                 of
                 Kin
                 whom
                 by
                 the
                 Law
                 the
                 Orphan
                 might
                 demand
                 in
                 Marriage
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 forc'd
                 to
                 marry
                 her
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 commiserating
                 her
                 Condition
                 ,
                 chang'd
                 the
                 Law
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 she
                 was
                 delivered
                 from
                 
                 the
                 Rope
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rich
                 Kinsman
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 marry
                 the
                 poor
                 Maid
                 without
                 any
                 Dowry
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 it
                 remains
                 we
                 should
                 speak
                 of
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Charonidas
                 ,
                 concerning
                 which
                 ,
                 
                 there
                 happened
                 something
                 remarkable
                 and
                 wonderful
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 gone
                 forth
                 against
                 some
                 Robbers
                 that
                 made
                 inroads
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 before
                 he
                 return'd
                 ,
                 there
                 happened
                 a
                 Tumult
                 to
                 be
                 rais'd
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 in
                 one
                 of
                 their
                 Common
                 Assemblies
                 .
                 Determining
                 therefore
                 to
                 make
                 diligent
                 Enquiry
                 into
                 the
                 Cause
                 and
                 Authors
                 of
                 the
                 Sedition
                 ,
                 he
                 came
                 hastily
                 in
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 Sword
                 girt
                 at
                 his
                 side
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 Law
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 should
                 come
                 arm'd
                 into
                 the
                 Senate-house
                 ;
                 but
                 had
                 forgotten
                 his
                 Sword
                 then
                 at
                 his
                 Side
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 rushed
                 into
                 the
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 gave
                 an
                 occasion
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 maligned
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 accuse
                 him
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 one
                 cries
                 out
                 ,
                 
                   You
                   break
                   the
                   Law
                   which
                   you
                   your self
                   made
                   .
                   No
                   ,
                
                 says
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   but
                   I
                   will
                   confirm
                   it
                
                 ;
                 and
                 forthwith
                 ran
                 himself
                 through
                 .
                 †
                 Some
                 Writers
                 ascribe
                 this
                 Fact
                 to
                 Diocles
                 the
                 Law-maker
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 having
                 spoken
                 enough
                 of
                 Charonidas
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 relate
                 something
                 in
                 short
                 of
                 Zaleuchus
                 the
                 Law-maker
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 much
                 alike
                 in
                 their
                 Consultations
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 bent
                 their
                 Minds
                 and
                 Thoughts
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 flourished
                 in
                 Cities
                 near
                 adjoyning
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 .
                 Zaleuchus
                 was
                 an
                 Italian
                 born
                 at
                 Locris
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 noble
                 Family
                 ,
                 of
                 great
                 Learning
                 ,
                 and
                 Scholar
                 to
                 Pythagoras
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 of
                 great
                 esteem
                 and
                 account
                 in
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 chosen
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 Law-maker
                 .
                 He
                 began
                 his
                 Laws
                 first
                 with
                 the
                 Worship
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 In
                 the
                 Preface
                 he
                 requires
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   in
                   the
                   First
                   place
                   ,
                   and
                   above
                   all
                   ,
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   fully
                   perswaded
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   undoubtedly
                   believe
                   that
                   there
                   were
                   Gods
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   devoutly
                   looking
                   up
                   to
                   Heaven
                   ,
                   and
                   viewing
                   the
                   Beauty
                   and
                   admirable
                   Harmony
                   and
                   Order
                   thereof
                   ,
                   they
                   should
                   judge
                   and
                   certainly
                   conclude
                   ,
                   that
                   that
                   great
                   Work
                   was
                   not
                   of
                   Men
                   ,
                   or
                   came
                   there
                   by
                   chance
                   :
                   And
                   therefore
                   he
                   ordain'd
                   ,
                   they
                   should
                   adore
                   and
                   worship
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   from
                   whom
                   all
                   that
                   is
                   good
                   descends
                   upon
                   Men.
                   And
                   to
                   that
                   end
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   ought
                   to
                   have
                   their
                   Minds
                   pure
                   and
                   unspotted
                   ,
                   inasmuch
                   as
                   the
                   Gods
                   are
                   better
                   pleas'd
                   with
                   the
                   just
                   and
                   honest
                   Actions
                   of
                   Righteous
                   Men
                   ,
                   than
                   with
                   all
                   their
                   costly
                   Sacrifices
                   .
                
                 Having
                 made
                 this
                 Preface
                 or
                 Introduction
                 ,
                 he
                 then
                 subjoyns
                 his
                 Precepts
                 .
                 First
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   none
                   should
                   be
                   implacable
                   
                   one
                   against
                   another
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   all
                   should
                   so
                   manage
                   their
                   Animosities
                   ;
                   as
                   to
                   keep
                   a
                   reserve
                   in
                   a
                   short
                   time
                   to
                   be
                   reconcil'd
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   full
                   Friendship
                   with
                   their
                   Adversaries
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   any
                   did
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   such
                   a
                   Man
                   should
                   be
                   reputed
                   of
                   a
                   fierce
                   and
                   inhumane
                   Disposition
                   .
                   Secondly
                   ,
                   He
                   commanded
                   the
                   Magistrates
                   
                   that
                   they
                   should
                   not
                   be
                   Proud
                   and
                   Domineering
                   ;
                   that
                   they
                   should
                   not
                   give
                   Judgment
                   in
                   any
                   matter
                   ,
                   either
                   for
                   Love
                   or
                   Hatred
                   .
                
                 And
                 in
                 other
                 particulars
                 ,
                 he
                 devised
                 many
                 things
                 with
                 great
                 Wisdom
                 ,
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Ingenuity
                 .
                 3.
                 
                 Whereas
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 Countries
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 excess
                 and
                 extravagance
                 of
                 Women
                 
                 much
                 Silver
                 was
                 spent
                 and
                 wasted
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 witty
                 and
                 ingenious
                 kind
                 of
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 he
                 restrain'd
                 their
                 Excess
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 ordered
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   no
                   Woman
                   that
                   was
                   Free
                   of
                   the
                   City
                   should
                   be
                   attended
                   Abroad
                   with
                   any
                   more
                   than
                   one
                   Servant
                   ,
                   unless
                   she
                   were
                   Drunk
                   .
                   That
                   none
                   should
                   walk
                   abroad
                   in
                   the
                   Night
                   ,
                   except
                   it
                   were
                   with
                   an
                   intent
                   to
                   play
                   the
                   Who●e
                   ,
                   nor
                   wear
                   golden
                   Ornaments
                   or
                   Garments
                   embroider'd
                   with
                   Gold
                   ,
                   unless
                   with
                   the
                   same
                   intent
                   :
                   Nor
                   that
                   any
                   
                   Man
                   should
                   wear
                   a
                   Gold
                   Ring
                   ,
                   of
                   a
                   Milesian
                   Garment
                   ,
                   unless
                   he
                   were
                   guilty
                   of
                   Fornication
                   or
                   Adultery
                   .
                
                 By
                 these
                 dishonourable
                 Exceptions
                 and
                 Conditions
                 of
                 Indempnity
                 (
                 which
                 were
                 Punishments
                 in
                 themselves
                 )
                 he
                 easily
                 restrain'd
                 the
                 Citizens
                 from
                 Luxury
                 and
                 Excess
                 ,
                 for
                 none
                 were
                 willing
                 to
                 expose
                 themselves
                 as
                 laughing-stocks
                 to
                 their
                 Fellow
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 by
                 owning
                 themselves
                 guilty
                 of
                 such
                 foul
                 Offences
                 .
                 Many
                 other
                 Laws
                 concerning
                 Contracts
                 and
                 other
                 Differences
                 which
                 might
                 arise
                 ,
                 were
                 with
                 great
                 Judgment
                 made
                 by
                 him
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 too
                 tedious
                 particularly
                 to
                 relate
                 ,
                 and
                 beside
                 the
                 scope
                 and
                 intent
                 of
                 our
                 History
                 :
                 We
                 shall
                 therefore
                 return
                 whence
                 we
                 made
                 a
                 digression
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Lysimachides
                 was
                 chief
                 Ruler
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Romans
                 conferr'd
                 the
                 Consular
                 dignity
                 upon
                 
                   Titus
                   Menenius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Poplius
                   Sestius
                   Capitolinus
                
                 .
                 In
                 their
                 time
                 the
                 Sybarites
                 that
                 had
                 escap'd
                 in
                 the
                 late
                 Sedition
                 ,
                 seated
                 themselves
                 at
                 the
                 River
                 Tarentum
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 continu'd
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 length
                 were
                 rooted
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 utterly
                 destroy'd
                 by
                 the
                 Brutii
                 .
                 In
                 Greece
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 having
                 recovered
                 Eubea
                 ,
                 drave
                 the
                 Hestians
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 sending
                 thither
                 a
                 Colony
                 of
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Citizens
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 they
                 divided
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 Land
                 adjacent
                 amongst
                 them
                 by
                 Lot.
                 
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 IV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Of
                   the
                   Decemviri
                   in
                   Rome
                   ,
                   chosen
                   to
                   make
                   Laws
                   .
                   The
                   War
                   between
                   the
                   Thurians
                   and
                   Tarentines
                   .
                   The
                   sad
                   Story
                   of
                   the
                   Daughter
                   of
                   one
                   
                     Lucius
                     Virginius
                  
                   in
                   Rome
                   ,
                   which
                   caus'd
                   a
                   disturbance
                   and
                   great
                   Sedition
                   .
                   The
                   Law
                   of
                   the
                   Twelve
                   Tables
                   .
                   Peace
                   all
                   over
                   the
                   World.
                   
                
              
               
                 WHen
                 Praxitiles
                 was
                 Governor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 Eighty
                 Fourth
                 Olympiad
                 was
                 
                 celebrated
                 (
                 in
                 which
                 Crison
                 of
                 Himera
                 was
                 Victor
                 )
                 and
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 Ten
                 Persons
                 (
                 call'd
                 the
                 Decem-viri
                 )
                 were
                 chosen
                 to
                 compose
                 new
                 Laws
                 .
                 *
                 
                   Publius
                   Claudius
                   Regillanus
                   ,
                   Titus
                
                 †
                 
                   Minutius
                   ,
                   Sporius
                   Viturius
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Julius
                   ,
                
                 *
                 
                   Caius
                   Sulpitius
                   ,
                   Publius
                   Sestius
                
                 ,
                 †
                 
                   Romilius
                   ,
                   Sporius
                   Posthumius
                
                 ,
                 *
                 Culbinius
                 and
                 
                   Publius
                   Horatius
                
                 .
                 By
                 these
                 Persons
                 were
                 Laws
                 made
                 .
                 In
                 their
                 time
                 a
                 War
                 broke
                 out
                 between
                 the
                 Thurians
                 and
                 them
                 of
                 Tarentum
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 War
                 the
                 Countries
                 were
                 wasted
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 by
                 Inroads
                 by
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 Invasions
                 from
                 Sea
                 ;
                 many
                 small
                 Battels
                 and
                 Skirmishes
                 were
                 fought
                 ,
                 but
                 nothing
                 done
                 of
                 any
                 moment
                 .
              
               
                 Lysanias
                 being
                 chief
                 Ruler
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 again
                 chose
                 Ten
                 Men
                 for
                 
                 making
                 of
                 Laws
                 .
                 
                   Appius
                   Claudius
                   ,
                   Marcus
                   Cornelius
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Minutius
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Sergius
                   ,
                   Quintus
                   Pitilius
                   ,
                   Marcus
                   Rabuleius
                   ,
                   T.
                   Antonius
                   Meranda
                   ,
                   Q.
                   Fabius
                   Vibulanus
                   ,
                   C.
                   Duilius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Sp.
                   Oppius
                
                 .
                 But
                 these
                 could
                 not
                 perfect
                 the
                 Business
                 wherein
                 they
                 were
                 imploy'd
                 ;
                 for
                 †
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 fell
                 in
                 Love
                 with
                 a
                 beautiful
                 Virgin
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 small
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 debauch
                 by
                 Money
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 gain
                 his
                 Design
                 by
                 those
                 means
                 ,
                 he
                 subborn'd
                 a
                 *
                 Fellow
                 fit
                 for
                 his
                 purpose
                 to
                 claim
                 her
                 for
                 his
                 Bondslave
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 bring
                 her
                 before
                 the
                 Decem-viri
                 ,
                 and
                 demand
                 Judgment
                 against
                 her
                 as
                 his
                 Slave
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 easily
                 obtain'd
                 from
                 a
                 corrupt
                 Judge
                 ,
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 the
                 Villany
                 .
                 She
                 being
                 delivered
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 the
                 Sycophant
                 Knave
                 carry'd
                 her
                 away
                 as
                 his
                 Bond-maid
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 ‖
                 Father
                 of
                 the
                 Young
                 Woman
                 ,
                 mov'd
                 with
                 Grief
                 and
                 Rage
                 at
                 the
                 indignity
                 offer'd
                 ,
                 hasten'd
                 to
                 the
                 Court
                 ,
                 where
                 seeing
                 no
                 hopes
                 of
                 redress
                 ,
                 he
                 follow'd
                 his
                 Daughter
                 close
                 behind
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 spying
                 a
                 Knife
                 in
                 a
                 Butcher's
                 Shop
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 pass'd
                 by
                 ,
                 he
                 snatcht
                 it
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 stabb'd
                 his
                 Daughter
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 indignity
                 and
                 disgrace
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 condition
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 without
                 delay
                 ,
                 hastening
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 Army
                 that
                 was
                 then
                 encamp'd
                 at
                 Algidum
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 many
                 Tears
                 declar'd
                 his
                 miserable
                 Condition
                 ,
                 and
                 implor'd
                 their
                 Assistance
                 ;
                 which
                 on
                 the
                 suddain
                 affected
                 them
                 all
                 with
                 Commiseration
                 ,
                 and
                 great
                 sorrow
                 at
                 his
                 Calamity
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 (
                 being
                 all
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 with
                 a
                 resolution
                 to
                 relieve
                 the
                 distressed
                 Father
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 they
                 rush
                 into
                 Rome
                 ,
                 and
                 possess
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 Aventine
                 Mount.
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Day
                 brake
                 ,
                 the
                 Decem-viri
                 ,
                 being
                 inform'd
                 of
                 the
                 Rage
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 against
                 the
                 wickedness
                 of
                 the
                 Fact
                 (
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 resolving
                 to
                 defend
                 their
                 Collegue
                 )
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 Young
                 Men
                 to
                 dispute
                 the
                 matter
                 with
                 their
                 Adversaries
                 by
                 the
                 Sword.
                 And
                 now
                 a
                 great
                 and
                 bloody
                 Fight
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 when
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Quality
                 ,
                 foreseeing
                 the
                 danger
                 ,
                 interpos'd
                 by
                 Messengers
                 to
                 both
                 Parties
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 compose
                 the
                 Difference
                 ;
                 intreating
                 and
                 earnestly
                 beseeching
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 forbear
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 involve
                 their
                 Country
                 in
                 Blood
                 and
                 Destruction
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 matter
                 was
                 agreed
                 upon
                 these
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 
                 should
                 be
                 Ten
                 call'd
                 *
                 Tribunes
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 chosen
                 ,
                 who
                 should
                 have
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 over
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 might
                 protect
                 the
                 common
                 Liberty
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Consuls
                 every
                 Year
                 should
                 be
                 chosen
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Senators
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 .
                 Yea
                 ,
                 further
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 have
                 Power
                 to
                 chuse
                 both
                 Consuls
                 out
                 from
                 among
                 themselves
                 if
                 they
                 thought
                 fit
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 Law
                 was
                 then
                 made
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Check
                 to
                 the
                 exorbitant
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 Patricians
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 
                 under
                 colour
                 of
                 their
                 great
                 and
                 high
                 Birth
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 glory
                 of
                 their
                 Families
                 ,
                 with
                 insufferable
                 Pride
                 engross'd
                 to
                 themselves
                 all
                 the
                 power
                 and
                 authority
                 of
                 
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Amongst
                 the
                 Conditions
                 it
                 was
                 further
                 added
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Tribunes
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 every
                 Year
                 ,
                 should
                 appoint
                 as
                 many
                 new
                 ones
                 in
                 their
                 room
                 to
                 succeed
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 did
                 neglect
                 it
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 burnt
                 alive
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 the
                 Tribunes
                 could
                 not
                 agree
                 in
                 their
                 Choice
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 should
                 continue
                 still
                 in
                 their
                 Offices
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Commotion
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
              
               
                 Diphilus
                 being
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 created
                 
                   Marcüs
                   Horatius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Valerius
                   Potitus
                
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 who
                 perfected
                 the
                 Laws
                 which
                 suffered
                 an
                 irruption
                 by
                 the
                 Sedition
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 were
                 then
                 Ten
                 of
                 the
                 Twelve
                 Tables
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 call'd
                 )
                 only
                 finished
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 Two
                 were
                 added
                 by
                 these
                 Consuls
                 .
                 The
                 Roman
                 Laws
                 thus
                 perfected
                 ,
                 the
                 Consuls
                 ordered
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 engraven
                 upon
                 Twelve
                 Tables
                 of
                 Brass
                 ,
                 and
                 fix'd
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Pleaders
                 Desk
                 in
                 the
                 face
                 of
                 the
                 Court.
                 And
                 these
                 Laws
                 thus
                 written
                 briefly
                 and
                 plainly
                 without
                 any
                 flourish
                 of
                 Words
                 remain
                 unto
                 this
                 Day
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 time
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 done
                 ,
                 most
                 Nations
                 through
                 the
                 World
                 were
                 at
                 Peace
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Persians
                 made
                 a
                 double
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 
                 whereby
                 Liberty
                 was
                 restor'd
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 of
                 Asia
                 .
                 The
                 other
                 afterwards
                 was
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 
                 it
                 was
                 agreed
                 quite
                 contrary
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 should
                 remain
                 under
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 In
                 like
                 manner
                 ,
                 the
                 Grecians
                 were
                 at
                 Peace
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 Spartans
                 having
                 entred
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 for
                 Thirty
                 Years
                 .
                 And
                 all
                 was
                 likewise
                 quiet
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 having
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 Gelon
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Cities
                 submitted
                 to
                 them
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 after
                 the
                 Slaughter
                 at
                 Himera
                 ,
                 accepted
                 of
                 Terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 .
                 And
                 all
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 
                   Italy
                   ,
                   France
                   ,
                   Spain
                
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 were
                 at
                 perfect
                 Concord
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 .
                 Therefore
                 we
                 have
                 no
                 account
                 in
                 History
                 of
                 any
                 thing
                 memorable
                 done
                 in
                 War
                 during
                 this
                 time
                 ;
                 but
                 all
                 were
                 every
                 where
                 at
                 rest
                 ,
                 solacing
                 themselves
                 with
                 Sports
                 and
                 Sacred
                 Festivals
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Jollities
                 ,
                 the
                 common
                 Attendants
                 of
                 a
                 prosperous
                 State
                 and
                 Condition
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 V.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   War
                   between
                   the
                   Samians
                   and
                   the
                   Melesians
                   .
                   A
                   Sedition
                   in
                   Samos
                   ,
                   which
                   revolts
                   from
                   the
                   Athenians
                   .
                   The
                   War
                   in
                   Sicily
                   by
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   against
                   the
                   Trinacrians
                   .
                
              
               
                 TImocles
                 was
                 now
                 chief
                 Governour
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Larius
                   Herminius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Titus
                   Virginius
                   Tricostus
                   ,
                   Roman
                
                 Consuls
                 .
                 In
                 their
                 time
                 the
                 Samians
                 break
                 forth
                 into
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Milesians
                 concerning
                 
                 *
                 Priene
                 ;
                 and
                 discerning
                 the
                 Athenians
                 more
                 to
                 favour
                 the
                 Milesians
                 ,
                 they
                 revolted
                 from
                 them
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Athenians
                 sent
                 Pericles
                 (
                 made
                 Admiral
                 some
                 time
                 before
                 )
                 with
                 Forty
                 Sail
                 against
                 the
                 Samians
                 ,
                 who
                 approached
                 their
                 City
                 ,
                 easily
                 reduced
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 established
                 a
                 Democracy
                 .
                 And
                 having
                 impos'd
                 a
                 Mulct
                 of
                 Eighty
                 Talents
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 as
                 many
                 Youths
                 for
                 Hostages
                 ,
                 he
                 committed
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 care
                 and
                 custody
                 of
                 the
                 Lemnians
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 having
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 finish'd
                 with
                 good
                 success
                 all
                 for
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 sent
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 to
                 Athens
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 a
                 grievous
                 Sedition
                 happen'd
                 in
                 Samos
                 ,
                 some
                 being
                 for
                 the
                 Democracy
                 ,
                 
                 others
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 set
                 up
                 an
                 Aristocracy
                 ,
                 whereby
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 mighty
                 popular
                 Tumult
                 .
                 They
                 who
                 were
                 against
                 the
                 Democracy
                 went
                 over
                 to
                 Sardis
                 in
                 Asia
                 to
                 Pissuthines
                 the
                 Persian
                 Governor
                 to
                 desire
                 aid
                 ,
                 who
                 lends
                 them
                 Seven
                 Hundred
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 hoping
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 to
                 bring
                 Samos
                 under
                 his
                 power
                 .
                 
                 The
                 Samians
                 with
                 this
                 aid
                 ,
                 loosing
                 from
                 Asia
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 stole
                 secretly
                 upon
                 
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 their
                 Accomplices
                 ,
                 enter'd
                 and
                 surpriz'd
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 thus
                 easily
                 possess'd
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 eject
                 all
                 of
                 the
                 contrary
                 Faction
                 .
                 Then
                 having
                 stollen
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 the
                 Hostages
                 out
                 of
                 Lemnos
                 ,
                 and
                 strengthen'd
                 Samos
                 with
                 Garrisons
                 ,
                 they
                 declare
                 themselves
                 open
                 Enemies
                 against
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ;
                 who
                 again
                 send
                 against
                 them
                 Pericles
                 with
                 Sixty
                 Sail
                 ;
                 who
                 overcame
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 Sea
                 Fight
                 though
                 they
                 had
                 Seventy
                 Sail.
                 Upon
                 this
                 (
                 with
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 Twenty
                 Five
                 Ships
                 ,
                 which
                 join'd
                 him
                 from
                 Chios
                 and
                 Mitylene
                 )
                 he
                 besieg'd
                 Samos
                 ;
                 and
                 some
                 few
                 Days
                 after
                 ,
                 leaving
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Forces
                 to
                 maintain
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 he
                 made
                 against
                 the
                 Phenician
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Persians
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 aid
                 of
                 the
                 Samians
                 .
                 The
                 Samians
                 taking
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 opportunity
                 of
                 his
                 departure
                 ,
                 suddenly
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Fleet
                 and
                 routed
                 them
                 ;
                 with
                 which
                 success
                 they
                 grew
                 very
                 proud
                 and
                 haughty
                 .
                 But
                 Pericles
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 ruin
                 of
                 his
                 Fleet
                 left
                 behind
                 ,
                 return'd
                 without
                 delay
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 strong
                 and
                 numerous
                 Navy
                 ,
                 fully
                 resolving
                 utterly
                 to
                 ruin
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Fleet
                 ;
                 And
                 being
                 speedily
                 supplied
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 with
                 Threescore
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 Thirty
                 from
                 Chios
                 and
                 Mitylene
                 ,
                 he
                 renew'd
                 the
                 Siege
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 ,
                 wearying
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 continual
                 Assaults
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 those
                 warlike
                 Engines
                 call'd
                 Battering
                 Rams
                 ,
                 and
                 Scorpions
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 assistance
                 and
                 ingenuity
                 
                 of
                 Artemon
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 his
                 fierce
                 and
                 violent
                 Assaults
                 ,
                 battering
                 down
                 the
                 Walls
                 with
                 his
                 Engines
                 ,
                 the
                 City
                 fell
                 into
                 his
                 Hands
                 .
                 And
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 the
                 Authors
                 of
                 the
                 defection
                 ,
                 he
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Samians
                 to
                 pay
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Talents
                 in
                 Compensation
                 for
                 the
                 charge
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 He
                 carry'd
                 away
                 likewise
                 all
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 demolish'd
                 the
                 Walls
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 restored
                 the
                 Democracy
                 ,
                 return'd
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Thirty
                 Years
                 Truce
                 between
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 continued
                 unviolated
                 .
                 And
                 with
                 these
                 things
                 was
                 this
                 Year
                 remarkable
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Myrichides
                 govern'd
                 the
                 state
                 of
                 
                   Athens
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Julius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Geganius
                
                 
                 were
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 .
                 The
                 Eleans
                 then
                 celebrated
                 the
                 Eighty
                 Fifth
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Crisus
                 of
                 Himera
                 was
                 the
                 Second
                 Victor
                 .
                 In
                 these
                 times
                 in
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   Ducetius
                
                 formerly
                 Prince
                 of
                 the
                 Siculi
                 ,
                 planted
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Callatines
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 setled
                 there
                 many
                 Colonies
                 ,
                 began
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 take
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 power
                 over
                 the
                 Siculi
                 :
                 But
                 falling
                 sick
                 ,
                 both
                 his
                 Life
                 and
                 his
                 Designs
                 
                 vanish'd
                 together
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 now
                 being
                 Lords
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Sicily
                 (
                 except
                 Trinacria
                 )
                 
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 gain
                 that
                 likewise
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 exceedingly
                 jealous
                 of
                 the
                 Trinacrians
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 very
                 rich
                 ,
                 lest
                 they
                 should
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 after
                 gain
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Siculi
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 they
                 were
                 related
                 as
                 Kindred
                 .
                 This
                 City
                 both
                 then
                 and
                 ever
                 ,
                 had
                 many
                 valiant
                 Men
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 was
                 ever
                 esteem'd
                 the
                 principal
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Siculi
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 good
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 Men
                 of
                 brave
                 and
                 daring
                 Spirits
                 .
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 therefore
                 gathered
                 together
                 all
                 their
                 Forces
                 both
                 from
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 among
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 against
                 the
                 Trinacrians
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 destitute
                 of
                 all
                 assistance
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 were
                 subject
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 bloody
                 Battel
                 hard
                 put
                 to
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 a
                 resolute
                 and
                 valiant
                 opposition
                 ,
                 all
                 gallantly
                 dy'd
                 upon
                 the
                 spot
                 .
                 For
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 wounded
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 to
                 undergo
                 the
                 disgrace
                 of
                 being
                 Captives
                 ,
                 dispatched
                 themselves
                 .
                 They
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 having
                 obtain'd
                 this
                 Victory
                 over
                 a
                 People
                 never
                 before
                 subdu'd
                 ,
                 
                 made
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 Captives
                 ,
                 and
                 raz'd
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
                 The
                 richest
                 of
                 the
                 Spoils
                 they
                 sent
                 to
                 Delphos
                 as
                 a
                 grateful
                 Offering
                 to
                 the
                 Gods.
                 
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 VI.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Corinthian
                   War
                   against
                   
                     Corcyra
                     .
                     Potidea
                  
                   revolts
                   from
                   the
                   Athenians
                   .
                   Quarrels
                   in
                   
                     Thurium
                     .
                     Meton's
                  
                   Year
                   .
                   Heraclea
                   in
                   Italy
                   built
                   .
                   Potidea
                   besieg'd
                   by
                   Phormio
                   .
                
              
               
                 GLaucides
                 the
                 Chief
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 
                   Athens
                   ,
                   Titus
                   Quintus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Agrippa
                   Furius
                
                 ,
                 
                 Consuls
                 of
                 Rome
                 :
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 (
                 being
                 Victorious
                 as
                 is
                 before
                 related
                 )
                 fell
                 a
                 building
                 of
                 Ships
                 of
                 Three
                 Oars
                 upon
                 a
                 Bank
                 ,
                 and
                 doubling
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 their
                 Horse
                 ,
                 busi'd
                 themselves
                 in
                 raising
                 a
                 Land-Army
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 .
                 raise
                 ,
                 and
                 get
                 together
                 a
                 great
                 Treasure
                 and
                 Fond
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 they
                 exacted
                 larger
                 Contributions
                 from
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 they
                 did
                 with
                 a
                 Design
                 to
                 subject
                 all
                 Sicily
                 by
                 degrees
                 to
                 their
                 Dominion
                 .
              
               
                 Whilst
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 in
                 doing
                 ,
                 the
                 Corinthian
                 War
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 's
                 call'd
                 )
                 broke
                 
                 forth
                 upon
                 the
                 following
                 occasion
                 .
                 The
                 Epidamnians
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 the
                 Adriatick
                 Sea
                 ,
                 being
                 Colonies
                 brought
                 from
                 Corcyra
                 and
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 were
                 greatly
                 distress'd
                 with
                 Tumults
                 and
                 Seditions
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 stronger
                 Party
                 cast
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 contrary
                 Faction
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 the
                 Exiles
                 join'd
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 calling
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 to
                 their
                 Assistance
                 and
                 Confederacy
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 against
                 Epidamnum
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Fleet
                 :
                 And
                 being
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 were
                 very
                 strong
                 ,
                 they
                 easily
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 besieged
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 They
                 of
                 Epidamnum
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 resist
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Force
                 ,
                 
                 sent
                 to
                 Corcyra
                 for
                 aid
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Stock
                 and
                 Kindred
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 disregarded
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 their
                 Application
                 to
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 ,
                 owning
                 that
                 City
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 only
                 Metropolis
                 ,
                 and
                 desired
                 a
                 Supply
                 of
                 more
                 Citizens
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 ejected
                 .
                 The
                 Corinthians
                 partly
                 out
                 of
                 pity
                 to
                 them
                 of
                 Epidamnum
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 out
                 of
                 an
                 old
                 grudge
                 they
                 bore
                 them
                 of
                 Corcyra
                 (
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 only
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Colonies
                 ,
                 brought
                 from
                 them
                 thither
                 ,
                 neglected
                 to
                 send
                 to
                 them
                 as
                 their
                 Metropolis
                 ,
                 the
                 usual
                 Offerings
                 )
                 decreed
                 Aid
                 to
                 be
                 sent
                 to
                 them
                 of
                 Epidamnum
                 .
                 And
                 accordingly
                 they
                 sent
                 both
                 a
                 new
                 Supply
                 of
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Guard
                 of
                 Souldiers
                 sufficient
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 Corcyreans
                 much
                 inrag'd
                 at
                 this
                 ,
                 fitted
                 out
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Fifty
                 Sail
                 against
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Admiral
                 of
                 which
                 Fleet
                 after
                 his
                 arrival
                 commanded
                 them
                 of
                 Epidamnum
                 ,
                 to
                 receive
                 the
                 Exiles
                 :
                 And
                 then
                 by
                 Ambassadors
                 propos'd
                 to
                 the
                 Corinthian
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 matter
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Colony
                 ,
                 might
                 rather
                 be
                 ended
                 in
                 an
                 orderly
                 Course
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 than
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms.
                 But
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 refusing
                 ,
                 it
                 came
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 a
                 War
                 ;
                 and
                 Fleets
                 were
                 prepared
                 ,
                 and
                 Associations
                 and
                 Confederacies
                 made
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 :
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 Causes
                 of
                 that
                 Corinthian
                 War.
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 made
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Volsci
                 .
                 At
                 first
                 they
                 began
                 with
                 light
                 and
                 small
                 Skirmishes
                 ;
                 but
                 at
                 length
                 in
                 a
                 formal
                 Battel
                 the
                 Romans
                 became
                 Victorious
                 ,
                 and
                 slew
                 most
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 upon
                 the
                 Field
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Theodorus
                 govern'd
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Romans
                 constituted
                 
                   Marcus
                   Genusius
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 
                   Agrippa
                   Curtius
                   Chelon
                
                 ,
                 Consuls
                 ;
                 in
                 Italy
                 the
                 Nation
                 of
                 the
                 Campanians
                 began
                 to
                 flourish
                 ;
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 the
                 Fruitfulness
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 round
                 about
                 them
                 .
                 In
                 Asia
                 the
                 Archaeanactidae
                 had
                 now
                 held
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Cimmerian
                   Bosphorus
                
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Two
                 and
                 Forty
                 Years
                 ;
                 to
                 whom
                 then
                 succeeded
                 Spartacus
                 ,
                 who
                 reign'd
                 Seven
                 Years
                 .
                 In
                 Greece
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 and
                 Corcyreans
                 were
                 preparing
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 Navies
                 for
                 Fights
                 at
                 Sea
                 :
                 And
                 presently
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 
                 made
                 towards
                 the
                 Enemy
                 with
                 Seventy
                 Gallies
                 bravely
                 sitted
                 out
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Corcyreans
                 met
                 them
                 with
                 Fourscore
                 ,
                 routed
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Epidamnum
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 all
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 their
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 but
                 put
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 the
                 Sword.
                 The
                 Corinthians
                 by
                 this
                 overthrow
                 ,
                 wholly
                 discouraged
                 ,
                 return'd
                 into
                 Peloponesus
                 .
                 
                 The
                 Corcyreans
                 now
                 become
                 Masters
                 of
                 this
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 invaded
                 the
                 Confederates
                 of
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 their
                 Country
                 .
              
               
               
                 This
                 Year
                 ended
                 ,
                 Euthymenis
                 entred
                 upon
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 
                 Rome
                 Three
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 were
                 appointed
                 Magistrates
                 with
                 Consular
                 dignity
                 ,
                 
                   Aulus
                   Sempronius
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Atilius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Titus
                   Celius
                
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 ,
                 not
                 long
                 before
                 overcome
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 determined
                 to
                 put
                 forth
                 another
                 Navy
                 more
                 glorious
                 than
                 the
                 former
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 getting
                 together
                 Materials
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 hiring
                 Ship-Carpenters
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 they
                 built
                 Ships
                 with
                 all
                 care
                 and
                 earnestness
                 ,
                 and
                 prepared
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Arms
                 and
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 thing
                 necessary
                 for
                 War
                 ;
                 some
                 Ships
                 they
                 built
                 new
                 ,
                 others
                 they
                 repaired
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 they
                 borrow'd
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 .
                 Nor
                 were
                 they
                 of
                 Corcyra
                 idle
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 nothing
                 inferior
                 to
                 their
                 Enemies
                 in
                 care
                 and
                 diligence
                 ;
                 whence
                 it
                 was
                 apparent
                 how
                 dreadful
                 a
                 War
                 was
                 like
                 to
                 ensue
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 sent
                 a
                 Colony
                 to
                 Amphipolis
                 ,
                 chosen
                 partly
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Forts
                 and
                 Castles
                 .
              
               
                 Nausimachus
                 being
                 chief
                 Ruler
                 of
                 
                   Athens
                   ,
                   Titus
                   Quintus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Geganius
                   Macerinus
                
                 were
                 chosen
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Eleans
                 celebrated
                 the
                 
                 Eighty
                 Sixth
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Theopompus
                 of
                 Thessaly
                 carry'd
                 away
                 the
                 Prize
                 .
                 The
                 Corcyreans
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Preparations
                 that
                 were
                 making
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 to
                 desire
                 their
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 done
                 likewise
                 by
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 .
                 The
                 Assemblies
                 being
                 called
                 ,
                 and
                 audience
                 given
                 to
                 the
                 Embassadors
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 determin'd
                 to
                 joyn
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 Corcyra
                 .
                 
                 And
                 without
                 delay
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 them
                 Ten
                 Ships
                 of
                 Three
                 Oars
                 in
                 a
                 Seat
                 ,
                 well
                 Man'd
                 and
                 provided
                 ,
                 promising
                 to
                 send
                 them
                 more
                 ,
                 as
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 occasion
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Corinthians
                 (
                 now
                 abandoned
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 )
                 having
                 Ninety
                 Ships
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 borrow'd
                 Sixty
                 more
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 made
                 up
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 furnished
                 it
                 with
                 choice
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 made
                 out
                 against
                 the
                 Corcyreans
                 ,
                 to
                 fight
                 them
                 upon
                 the
                 first
                 opportunity
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Corcyreans
                 heard
                 that
                 their
                 Enemies
                 Fleet
                 was
                 near
                 at
                 Hand
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 forth
                 against
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 Navy
                 of
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 accounting
                 those
                 of
                 Athens
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Fleets
                 engaged
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 with
                 great
                 Resolution
                 ;
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 at
                 the
                 
                 first
                 had
                 the
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Twenty
                 Sail
                 from
                 Athens
                 just
                 then
                 appearing
                 (
                 sent
                 in
                 pursuance
                 of
                 a
                 second
                 Address
                 made
                 to
                 them
                 )
                 the
                 Corcyreans
                 got
                 the
                 Day
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 Day
                 the
                 Corcyreans
                 appear'd
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Strength
                 in
                 a
                 Line
                 of
                 Battel
                 ,
                 daring
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 to
                 Fight
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 kept
                 within
                 their
                 Harbours
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 avoided
                 further
                 Fighting
                 .
              
               
                 Antilochides
                 now
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 at
                 
                   Rome
                   Marcus
                   Fabius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Posthumius
                   Aebutius
                
                 
                 †
                 Aulicus
                 were
                 made
                 Consuls
                 :
                 In
                 their
                 times
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 greatly
                 resented
                 the
                 Confederacy
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 Corcyra
                 ,
                 especially
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Victory
                 obtain'd
                 ,
                 was
                 chiefly
                 by
                 their
                 means
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 being
                 inrag'd
                 ,
                 and
                 seeking
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 means
                 they
                 could
                 to
                 be
                 reveng'd
                 ,
                 they
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 their
                 Colony
                 at
                 Potidea
                 to
                 revolt
                 .
                 In
                 like
                 manner
                 Perdicas
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 not
                 long
                 
                 before
                 incens'd
                 against
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 *
                 Chalcidica
                 to
                 revolt
                 ,
                 and
                 leave
                 the
                 Cities
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coast
                 ,
                 and
                 withdraw
                 only
                 into
                 one
                 called
                 Olynthus
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Athenians
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 defection
                 of
                 Potidea
                 ,
                 sent
                 forth
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Thirty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 with
                 Command
                 both
                 to
                 destroy
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Rebels
                 ,
                 and
                 storm
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 They
                 according
                 to
                 order
                 ,
                 bent
                 their
                 Course
                 for
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 Corinthians
                 sent
                 Two
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 Besieged
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Athenians
                 sent
                 as
                 many
                 to
                 strengthen
                 it
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 a
                 great
                 
                 Battel
                 was
                 fought
                 in
                 the
                 Isthmus
                 near
                 Pallene
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 Victors
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 above
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 And
                 then
                 straiter
                 Siege
                 was
                 laid
                 to
                 Potidea
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 built
                 a
                 new
                 City
                 in
                 Propontis
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 call'd
                 Letoanum
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Italy
                 the
                 Romans
                 sent
                 new
                 Colonies
                 into
                 Ardea
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 the
                 Country
                 amongst
                 them
                 by
                 Lot.
                 
              
               
                 Now
                 Charetes
                 executed
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Romans
                 made
                 
                 
                   Quintus
                   Furius
                   Fusus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Manius
                   Papyrius
                   Crassus
                
                 Consuls
                 .
                 In
                 Italy
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Thurium
                 (
                 being
                 composed
                 of
                 People
                 gathered
                 from
                 several
                 Places
                 )
                 began
                 to
                 quarrel
                 and
                 disagree
                 concerning
                 what
                 City
                 chiefly
                 Thurium
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 reputed
                 
                 a
                 Colony
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 should
                 be
                 acknowledg'd
                 the
                 Founder
                 .
                 For
                 first
                 they
                 
                 of
                 Athens
                 challeng'd
                 it
                 ,
                 affirming
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 came
                 from
                 thence
                 .
                 Next
                 they
                 of
                 Peloponesus
                 (
                 because
                 many
                 Cities
                 sent
                 Colonies
                 from
                 thence
                 )
                 claim'd
                 the
                 right
                 of
                 being
                 accounted
                 Founders
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 manner
                 (
                 there
                 being
                 many
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 Members
                 of
                 the
                 Colony
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 done
                 much
                 towards
                 its
                 Advancement
                 ,
                 )
                 there
                 arose
                 great
                 Dissentions
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 challenging
                 the
                 dignity
                 and
                 honour
                 as
                 due
                 to
                 himself
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 they
                 of
                 Thurium
                 sent
                 to
                 Delphos
                 to
                 consult
                 there
                 who
                 should
                 be
                 esteemed
                 and
                 taken
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 Founder
                 .
                 The
                 Oracle
                 answered
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 himself
                 should
                 be
                 so
                 taken
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 great
                 doubt
                 being
                 resolv'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Thurians
                 declar'd
                 Apollo
                 their
                 Founder
                 :
                 And
                 so
                 this
                 Difference
                 being
                 remov'd
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 lived
                 in
                 Peace
                 as
                 formerly
                 .
                 In
                 
                   Greece
                   ,
                   Archidamus
                
                 King
                 of
                 Lacedemon
                 died
                 ,
                 having
                 reign'd
                 Forty
                 Two
                 Years
                 ,
                 and
                 Agis
                 
                 succeeded
                 ,
                 who
                 reign'd
                 Seven
                 and
                 Forty
                 Years
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 Apseudes
                 was
                 chief
                 Governor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Titus
                   Minenius
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 
                   Proculus
                   Geganius
                   Macerinus
                   ,
                   Roman
                
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 Spartacus
                 King
                 of
                 Bosphorus
                 died
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 Reigned
                 Seventeen
                 Years
                 ;
                 whom
                 Seleucus
                 succeeding
                 ,
                 Reign'd
                 only
                 Four
                 Years
                 .
                 At
                 Athens
                 flourished
                 that
                 famous
                 Astrologer
                 Meton
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Pausanias
                 ,
                 who
                 then
                 published
                 his
                 Table
                 of
                 the
                 Cycle
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 called
                 Enneadeceterides
                 ,
                 beginning
                 from
                 the
                 Thirteenth
                 of
                 the
                 Attick
                 Month
                 *
                 Scirrophorion
                 :
                 For
                 in
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Nineteen
                 Years
                 the
                 Stars
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 State
                 and
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 compleat
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 a
                 great
                 Year
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 by
                 some
                 it
                 is
                 called
                 Meton's
                 Year
                 .
                 
                 This
                 Man
                 in
                 this
                 Discovery
                 ,
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 exactly
                 true
                 to
                 a
                 wonder
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Motions
                 and
                 Aspects
                 of
                 the
                 Stars
                 ,
                 fully
                 agree
                 with
                 this
                 Description
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 following
                 the
                 Rule
                 of
                 this
                 Table
                 ,
                 have
                 never
                 err'd
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 .
                 In
                 Italy
                 they
                 of
                 Tarentum
                 ,
                 drave
                 out
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Siris
                 ,
                 and
                 bringing
                 a
                 new
                 Colony
                 thither
                 ,
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 call'd
                 Heraclea
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Pythodorus
                 govern'd
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Titus
                   Quintius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Titus
                   Menenius
                   Agrippa
                
                 ,
                 were
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 the
                 Eleans
                 celebrated
                 the
                 Eighty
                 Seventh
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 was
                 Victor
                 Sophron
                 of
                 
                 of
                 Amphracion
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 Spurius
                 †
                 Manius
                 affecting
                 Sovereignty
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 was
                 kill'd
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 in
                 a
                 Signal
                 Battel
                 at
                 Potidea
                 (
                 wherein
                 they
                 were
                 Conquerors
                 )
                 lost
                 their
                 General
                 
                   Callias
                   .
                   Phormio
                
                 was
                 advanced
                 to
                 his
                 Place
                 ,
                 who
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 renew'd
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 press'd
                 hard
                 upon
                 it
                 with
                 continual
                 Assaults
                 :
                 But
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Valour
                 and
                 
                 Obstinacy
                 of
                 the
                 Defendants
                 ,
                 the
                 Siege
                 continued
                 long
                 .
              
               
                 Here
                 Thucydides
                 the
                 Athenian
                 begins
                 his
                 History
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 proceeds
                 to
                 relate
                 
                 the
                 War
                 between
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 Peloponesian
                 War.
                 It
                 continued
                 Seven
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Years
                 ,
                 but
                 Thucydides
                 writes
                 only
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 Two
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Years
                 ,
                 in
                 Eight
                 Books
                 ,
                 others
                 say
                 Nine
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 VII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Peloponesian
                   War.
                   Potidea
                   Revolts
                   ;
                   Besieg'd
                   by
                   the
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   surrendred
                   upon
                   Articles
                   .
                   Nicias
                   made
                   the
                   Athenian
                   Admiral
                   .
                   Gorgias
                   an
                   excellent
                   Orator
                   sent
                   from
                   Leontine
                   in
                   Sicily
                   to
                   Athens
                   .
                   A
                   Peace
                   concluded
                   after
                   the
                   War
                   had
                   continu'd
                   Ten
                   Years
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHen
                 Euthydemus
                 govern'd
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 created
                 Three
                 Military
                 
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 invested
                 with
                 Consular
                 Power
                 ;
                 
                   Manius
                   Emilius
                   Mamercus
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Julius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Quintius
                
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 broke
                 forth
                 that
                 War
                 between
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 Peloponesian
                 War
                 ,
                 of
                 longest
                 continuance
                 of
                 any
                 we
                 read
                 of
                 in
                 History
                 .
              
               
                 According
                 to
                 the
                 Design
                 of
                 our
                 History
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 convenient
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 Place
                 ,
                 to
                 
                 declare
                 the
                 Causes
                 of
                 this
                 War.
                 The
                 Athenians
                 now
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 Dominion
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 brought
                 over
                 to
                 Athens
                 all
                 the
                 Money
                 they
                 had
                 laid-up
                 at
                 Delos
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 gathered
                 together
                 from
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 almost
                 to
                 the
                 value
                 of
                 Eight
                 Thousand
                 *
                 Talents
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Pericles
                 Treasurer
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 noble
                 Family
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Eloquence
                 far
                 exceeded
                 others
                 of
                 his
                 Fellow
                 Citizens
                 :
                 But
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 having
                 spent
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Money
                 (
                 intrusted
                 with
                 him
                 )
                 upon
                 his
                 private
                 occasions
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 call'd
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 account
                 ,
                 through
                 grief
                 of
                 his
                 incapacity
                 to
                 discharge
                 himself
                 ,
                 he
                 fell
                 Sick
                 :
                 And
                 being
                 thus
                 disturb'd
                 in
                 his
                 Mind
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 make
                 satisfaction
                 ,
                 Alcibiades
                 his
                 Nephew
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 under
                 Age
                 ,
                 and
                 under
                 his
                 Care
                 and
                 Guardianship
                 )
                 directed
                 him
                 into
                 a
                 way
                 how
                 to
                 extricate
                 himself
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 trouble●
                 .
                 For
                 seeing
                 his
                 Uncle
                 so
                 disturb'd
                 ,
                 he
                 ask'd
                 the
                 Reason
                 ;
                 who
                 answered
                 ,
                 
                   I
                   am
                   studying
                   how
                   I
                   shall
                   give
                   an
                   Account
                   to
                   the
                   People
                   for
                   the
                   Moneys
                   committed
                   to
                   my
                   Care
                   and
                   Custody
                   .
                
                 He
                 replied
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   it
                   were
                   better
                   for
                   him
                   to
                   consider
                   and
                   advise
                   how
                   he
                   might
                   give
                   no
                   account
                   at
                   all
                   .
                   Pericles
                
                 hereupon
                 following
                 the
                 Advice
                 of
                 the
                 Young
                 Man
                 ,
                 contriv'd
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 ways
                 imaginable
                 how
                 he
                 might
                 involve
                 the
                 Athenians
                 in
                 some
                 great
                 War.
                 For
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 he
                 foresaw
                 
                 he
                 should
                 avoid
                 the
                 Account
                 ,
                 inasmuch
                 as
                 the
                 City
                 would
                 be
                 so
                 distracted
                 with
                 Cares
                 and
                 Fears
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 conjuncture
                 .
                 To
                 forward
                 this
                 Design
                 ,
                 an
                 Accident
                 fell
                 out
                 very
                 opportunely
                 upon
                 the
                 following
                 occasion
                 .
                 Phidias
                 had
                 made
                 the
                 Statue
                 of
                 Minerva
                 ,
                 and
                 Pericles
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Xantippe
                 ,
                 was
                 imploy'd
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Work
                 done
                 :
                 But
                 some
                 of
                 
                 Phidias's
                 Workmen
                 and
                 Servants
                 fell
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 stir'd
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 Enemies
                 of
                 Pericles
                 ,
                 they
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Altars
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 And
                 being
                 commanded
                 to
                 declare
                 the
                 Reason
                 of
                 a
                 thing
                 so
                 unusual
                 ,
                 they
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 could
                 make
                 it
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 Phidias
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 connivance
                 and
                 help
                 of
                 Pericles
                 ,
                 had
                 imbezilled
                 a
                 great
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Goddess
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 an
                 Assembly
                 was
                 call'd
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 the
                 Enemies
                 of
                 Pericles
                 mov'd
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 apprehend
                 Phidias
                 ,
                 and
                 charge
                 Pericles
                 with
                 the
                 Sacrilege
                 .
                 They
                 accus'd
                 likewise
                 *
                 Anaxagoras
                 the
                 Sophist
                 ,
                 the
                 Master
                 of
                 Pericles
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 impious
                 Opinions
                 concerning
                 the
                 Gods
                 ;
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Calumnies
                 they
                 loaded
                 likewise
                 Pericles
                 ,
                 chiefly
                 designing
                 to
                 stain
                 the
                 glory
                 ,
                 and
                 weaken
                 the
                 interest
                 of
                 so
                 brave
                 a
                 Man.
                 But
                 Pericles
                 being
                 well
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 Disposition
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 as
                 knowing
                 that
                 they
                 highly
                 valued
                 Men
                 of
                 worth
                 ,
                 in
                 times
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 threatned
                 with
                 War
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 present
                 Circumstances
                 of
                 Affairs
                 making
                 it
                 at
                 such
                 times
                 of
                 absolute
                 necessity
                 :
                 )
                 And
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 times
                 of
                 Peace
                 (
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 nothing
                 to
                 do
                 but
                 giving
                 the
                 Reins
                 to
                 Envy
                 and
                 Malice
                 )
                 blackned
                 the
                 same
                 Men
                 with
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Calumny
                 ;
                 therefore
                 judg'd
                 it
                 advantagious
                 for
                 his
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 could
                 engage
                 the
                 City
                 in
                 some
                 considerable
                 War
                 ,
                 that
                 thereby
                 having
                 occasion
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 deaf
                 to
                 all
                 Acccusations
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 should
                 have
                 no
                 time
                 or
                 leisure
                 to
                 call
                 him
                 to
                 an
                 Account
                 .
                 To
                 help
                 on
                 this
                 his
                 Design
                 ,
                 
                 it
                 was
                 lately
                 decreed
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 of
                 Megara
                 ,
                 should
                 have
                 no
                 Traffick
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 either
                 by
                 Sea
                 or
                 Land
                 :
                 The
                 Megareans
                 therefore
                 made
                 their
                 Address
                 for
                 Relief
                 to
                 the
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 who
                 agreed
                 to
                 their
                 Requests
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 
                 unanimous
                 Assent
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 with
                 order
                 to
                 require
                 them
                 to
                 rescind
                 the
                 Decree
                 against
                 them
                 of
                 Megara
                 ;
                 And
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 refus'd
                 ,
                 then
                 that
                 their
                 Embassadors
                 should
                 denounce
                 War
                 against
                 
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 name
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 and
                 their
                 Confederates
                 .
                 Upon
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Embassadors
                 ,
                 an
                 Assembly
                 was
                 call'd
                 to
                 debate
                 this
                 matter
                 ;
                 where
                 Pericles
                 ,
                 (
                 that
                 far
                 surpass'd
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 in
                 Eloquence
                 and
                 strength
                 of
                 Reason
                 )
                 gave
                 his
                 Reasons
                 against
                 the
                 abrogating
                 of
                 the
                 Decree
                 .
                 He
                 alledged
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 step
                 to
                 Bondage
                 and
                 Slavery
                 ,
                 and
                 against
                 the
                 common
                 good
                 to
                 yield
                 to
                 the
                 Demands
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ;
                 but
                 advis'd
                 them
                 rather
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 draw
                 all
                 their
                 Goods
                 and
                 Concerns
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 now
                 Masters
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 a
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 And
                 hereupon
                 making
                 an
                 accurate
                 Discourse
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 he
                 told
                 them
                 what
                 a
                 Multitude
                 of
                 Confederats
                 they
                 had
                 ,
                 what
                 a
                 brave
                 and
                 well
                 man'd
                 Fleet
                 they
                 were
                 Masters
                 of
                 ,
                 what
                 a
                 vast
                 Treasure
                 they
                 were
                 possessed
                 of
                 ,
                 brought
                 from
                 Delos
                 ,
                 gather'd
                 from
                 the
                 common
                 Contribution
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 amounting
                 to
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 *
                 Talents
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 Four
                 Thousand
                 of
                 it
                 were
                 spent
                 in
                 the
                 building
                 of
                 the
                 †
                 Propyle
                 ,
                 or
                 Citadel
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Siege
                 at
                 Potidea
                 ,
                 yet
                 every
                 Year
                 Four
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Sixty
                 Talents
                 were
                 rais'd
                 by
                 Tribute
                 from
                 their
                 Confederates
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Adornments
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Shows
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Persian
                 Spoils
                 amouned
                 to
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 Talents
                 more
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Temples
                 and
                 other
                 publick
                 Works
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 great
                 Riches
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 very
                 Image
                 of
                 Minerva
                 it self
                 alone
                 was
                 worth
                 Fifty
                 Talents
                 of
                 Gold
                 ;
                 whose
                 Ornaments
                 were
                 so
                 plac'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 taken
                 off
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 when
                 necessity
                 requir'd
                 might
                 be
                 borrow'd
                 from
                 the
                 
                 Goddess
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 be
                 faithfully
                 restor'd
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 Peace
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Estate
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 he
                 told
                 them
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 Enjoyment
                 of
                 a
                 long
                 Peace
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 grown
                 exceeding
                 Rich
                 ;
                 he
                 added
                 moreover
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 Twelve
                 Thousand
                 Armed
                 Men
                 ,
                 besides
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 were
                 in
                 their
                 Garrisons
                 .
                 And
                 those
                 in
                 their
                 Garrisons
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 their
                 Colonies
                 ,
                 were
                 more
                 than
                 Seventeen
                 Thousand
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 ready
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Sail.
                 On
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 the
                 Spartans
                 were
                 Poor
                 ,
                 and
                 far
                 inferior
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 in
                 Naval
                 Forces
                 .
                 Having
                 fired
                 the
                 Citizens
                 with
                 these
                 Discourses
                 ,
                 he
                 vehemently
                 pressed
                 the
                 People
                 not
                 to
                 give
                 ear
                 to
                 the
                 imperious
                 Demands
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 :
                 And
                 by
                 the
                 earnestness
                 of
                 his
                 Speech
                 ,
                 he
                 easily
                 prevail'd
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 reason
                 he
                 was
                 called
                 
                   Olympius
                   .
                   Aristophanes
                
                 the
                 Comick
                 Poet
                 ,
                 who
                 flourished
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Pericles
                 ,
                 mentions
                 these
                 things
                 in
                 the
                 Verses
                 following
                 —
              
               
                 
                   Ye
                   Poor
                   and
                   Country
                   Swains
                   ,
                   consider
                   well
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   Words
                   I
                   speak
                   ;
                   if
                   you
                   would
                   know
                   ,
                   they
                   'll
                   tell
                
                 
                   Your
                   Country
                   how
                   destroy'd
                   ;
                   a
                   Spark
                   but
                   small
                   ,
                
                 
                   Brought
                   from
                   
                   Megara's
                   Law
                   ,
                   blown
                   up
                   with
                   all
                
                 
                   By
                   him
                   ,
                   hath
                   rais'd
                   such
                   Smoak
                   of
                   War
                   ,
                   Blood
                   ,
                   Fears
                   ,
                
                 
                   As
                   draws
                   from
                   Eyes
                   of
                   Greece
                   continual
                   Tears
                   .
                
              
               
                 And
                 likewise
                 the
                 Comick
                 Poet
                 Eupolis
                 ,
                 in
                 other
                 Verses
                 ,
                 says
                 of
                 Pericles
                 ,
                 whom
                 
                 they
                 call
                 Olympius
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Thunder
                   and
                   Lightening
                   he
                   rais'd
                   in
                   Greece
                   ,
                
                 
                   Of
                   Eloquence
                   who
                   was
                   the
                   Masterpiece
                   ;
                
                 
                   Only
                   among
                   the
                   Orators
                   ,
                   his
                   Darts
                
                 
                   Were
                   left
                   fast
                   fixed
                   in
                   the
                   Hearers
                   Hearts
                   .
                
              
               
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 causes
                 of
                 the
                 Peloponesian
                 War
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 related
                 by
                 Ephorus
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 principal
                 Grecian
                 Cities
                 thus
                 provoked
                 to
                 War
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 (
                 in
                 a
                 general
                 Convention
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 Peloponesus
                 )
                 declar'd
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 sent
                 their
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 offensive
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 Embassadors
                 were
                 likewise
                 sent
                 ,
                 to
                 desire
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Ships
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 in
                 Sicily
                 and
                 Italy
                 .
              
               
               
                 And
                 now
                 being
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 rais'd
                 a
                 Land-Army
                 from
                 several
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 prepared
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 War
                 ,
                 they
                 first
                 begin
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 in
                 Beotia
                 the
                 City
                 Platea
                 was
                 a
                 free
                 City
                 ,
                 in
                 league
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 :
                 
                 But
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 designing
                 to
                 enslave
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 in
                 contrivance
                 with
                 the
                 Beotians
                 promis'd
                 to
                 bring
                 the
                 City
                 under
                 their
                 Power
                 if
                 they
                 would
                 but
                 send
                 them
                 a
                 Guard
                 of
                 Souldiers
                 .
                 The
                 Beotians
                 therefore
                 sent
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Souldiers
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 to
                 Platea
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 let
                 into
                 the
                 Gates
                 ,
                 the
                 Traytors
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 the
                 City
                 into
                 their
                 Hands
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Plateans
                 willing
                 to
                 approve
                 their
                 
                 Faithfulness
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 at
                 first
                 thinking
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 were
                 entr'd
                 )
                 sent
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 them
                 to
                 treat
                 and
                 make
                 Terms
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 Day
                 appear'd
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 of
                 Platea
                 understood
                 how
                 small
                 a
                 Number
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 as
                 one
                 Man
                 came
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 Fought
                 with
                 great
                 resolution
                 for
                 their
                 Common
                 Liberty
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 the
                 Fight
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 Streets
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 being
                 better
                 Souldiers
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 destroy'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Plateans
                 :
                 But
                 afterwards
                 they
                 in
                 the
                 Houses
                 ,
                 even
                 the
                 very
                 Boys
                 and
                 Children
                 by
                 throwing
                 down
                 Tyles
                 from
                 the
                 Roofs
                 so
                 sorely
                 gall'd
                 the
                 Thebans
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fly
                 ;
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 who
                 got
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 clearly
                 escap'd
                 ,
                 but
                 another
                 part
                 that
                 fled
                 for
                 shelter
                 to
                 a
                 little
                 House
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 were
                 compell'd
                 to
                 give
                 
                 up
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 will
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Thebans
                 being
                 inform'd
                 by
                 them
                 that
                 had
                 escap'd
                 ,
                 of
                 this
                 misfortune
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 force
                 hasten'd
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 By
                 reason
                 of
                 which
                 suddain
                 incursion
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 who
                 liv'd
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 abroad
                 being
                 taken
                 at
                 unawares
                 ,
                 were
                 kill'd
                 and
                 many
                 Prisoners
                 taken
                 ;
                 the
                 whole
                 Country
                 being
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Fears
                 Devastations
                 and
                 Robberies
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Plateans
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Thebans
                 to
                 intreat
                 them
                 to
                 depart
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Coasts
                 ,
                 promising
                 they
                 would
                 release
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 conditions
                 the
                 Matter
                 was
                 Compos'd
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Thebans
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Captives
                 and
                 restor'd
                 the
                 Plunder
                 to
                 them
                 of
                 Platea
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 return'd
                 home
                 .
                 The
                 Plateans
                 had
                 sometime
                 before
                 sent
                 to
                 Athens
                 for
                 Aid
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 brought
                 much
                 of
                 their
                 Goods
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 The
                 Athenians
                 hearing
                 of
                 their
                 Distress
                 hastned
                 away
                 to
                 them
                 a
                 competent
                 Number
                 of
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 who
                 tho'
                 they
                 March'd
                 with
                 all
                 expedition
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 
                 could
                 not
                 prevent
                 the
                 Thebans
                 :
                 But
                 what
                 was
                 left
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 they
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 Town
                 :
                 The
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 infirm
                 ,
                 they
                 got
                 together
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 convey'd
                 them
                 to
                 Athens
                 .
              
               
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 judging
                 the
                 Athenians
                 had
                 broke
                 the
                 League
                 ,
                 gather'd
                 Forces
                 together
                 from
                 all
                 parts
                 both
                 from
                 Sparta
                 and
                 from
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 .
                 The
                 Confederats
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 were
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 wholly
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 Argives
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 then
                 stood
                 Neuters
                 .
                 Those
                 out
                 of
                 Peloponesus
                 were
                 the
                 
                   Megareans
                   ,
                   Ambraciots
                   ,
                   Leucadians
                   ,
                   Phocians
                   ,
                   Beotians
                   ,
                
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Locrians
                 over
                 against
                 Eubea
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 those
                 of
                 Amphissa
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Carians
                   ,
                   Dorians
                   ,
                   Ionians
                
                 ,
                 them
                 of
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Islanders
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Melus
                 and
                 Thera
                 .
                 The
                 Thracians
                 likewise
                 were
                 their
                 Confederats
                 ,
                 except
                 those
                 of
                 Calcidica
                 and
                 Potidea
                 .
                 Besides
                 these
                 there
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 the
                 Messenians
                 in
                 Naupactus
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Corcyreans
                 .
                 *
                 All
                 the
                 rest
                 sent
                 Land-Forces
                 .
                 These
                 Confederats
                 stood
                 firm
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 having
                 at
                 length
                 rais'd
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 made
                 Archidamus
                 their
                 King
                 ,
                 General
                 ,
                 who
                 made
                 an
                 Irruption
                 into
                 Attica
                 ,
                 besieg'd
                 their
                 Castles
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 wasted
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 inflamed
                 with
                 desire
                 of
                 Revenge
                 for
                 this
                 Destruction
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 were
                 eager
                 to
                 be
                 out
                 to
                 Fight
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ;
                 but
                 Pericles
                 the
                 General
                 advis'd
                 the
                 hot
                 Youths
                 to
                 forbear
                 a
                 while
                 ,
                 telling
                 them
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 drive
                 the
                 Spartans
                 out
                 without
                 Fighting
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 
                 end
                 he
                 fitted
                 out
                 an
                 hundred
                 Gallies
                 well
                 Man'd
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 the
                 command
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 to
                 Carcinus
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Officers
                 ,
                 with
                 order
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 descent
                 into
                 Peloponesus
                 .
                 Accordingly
                 they
                 laid
                 wast
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 ,
                 took
                 several
                 Castles
                 ,
                 and
                 struck
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 with
                 great
                 Consternation
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 without
                 delay
                 they
                 withdrew
                 their
                 Forces
                 out
                 of
                 Attica
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 it
                 their
                 chief
                 care
                 now
                 to
                 defend
                 Peloponesus
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 now
                 freed
                 by
                 this
                 ingenious
                 Contrivance
                 from
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 highly
                 Honour'd
                 Pericles
                 as
                 a
                 wise
                 Commander
                 and
                 one
                 able
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
              
               
               
                 Apolodorus
                 now
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 chose
                 Marcus
                 *
                 Genarius
                 and
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Sergius
                
                 Consuls
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Athenian
                 General
                 ceas'd
                 not
                 to
                 wast
                 and
                 plunder
                 the
                 Sea-Coast
                 of
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 and
                 destroy
                 their
                 Castles
                 .
                 And
                 being
                 join'd
                 with
                 Fifty
                 Gallies
                 of
                 Three
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 from
                 Corsyra
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 more
                 dreadful
                 incursion
                 into
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 on
                 the
                 †
                 Sea-Coast
                 ,
                 and
                 up
                 further
                 into
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 burning
                 all
                 the
                 Towns
                 before
                 him
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 made
                 for
                 Methone
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 Laconia
                 ,
                 wasting
                 and
                 plundering
                 the
                 Country
                 in
                 his
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 attempted
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 it self
                 .
                 There
                 Brasidas
                 a
                 Spartan
                 (
                 a
                 young
                 Man
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 great
                 Strength
                 and
                 Valour
                 )
                 seeing
                 Methone
                 likely
                 to
                 be
                 lost
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 other
                 Spartans
                 joining
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 made
                 his
                 way
                 through
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 dispers'd
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 in
                 their
                 several
                 Posts
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 slaughter
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 got
                 safe
                 into
                 the
                 Castle
                 .
                 After
                 the
                 Athenians
                 had
                 made
                 several
                 Assaults
                 (
                 in
                 which
                 Brasidas
                 behav'd
                 himself
                 with
                 great
                 bravery
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 dangers
                 )
                 and
                 saw
                 no
                 hopes
                 of
                 gaining
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 they
                 return'd
                 to
                 their
                 Ships
                 .
                 But
                 Brasidas
                 who
                 had
                 preserv'd
                 Methone
                 by
                 his
                 valour
                 and
                 resolute
                 Defence
                 ,
                 was
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 amongst
                 the
                 Spartans
                 .
                 And
                 being
                 incourag'd
                 by
                 this
                 Success
                 in
                 several
                 Encounters
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 he
                 behav'd
                 himself
                 with
                 that
                 Valour
                 that
                 he
                 gain'd
                 a
                 great
                 Name
                 and
                 Reputation
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Athenians
                 roul'd
                 about
                 to
                 Elis
                 ,
                 wasted
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 Pheras
                 ,
                 
                 a
                 Castle
                 of
                 the
                 Eleans
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 they
                 sent
                 relief
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 beaten
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 who
                 took
                 Pheras
                 by
                 Storm
                 .
                 Yet
                 within
                 a
                 while
                 after
                 the
                 Eleans
                 coming
                 upon
                 them
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Strength
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 Sail'd
                 back
                 to
                 Cephalenia
                 ;
                 where
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 league
                 with
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 return'd
                 to
                 Athens
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 Cleopompus
                 ,
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 Admiral
                 of
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 thirty
                 
                 Sail
                 ,
                 was
                 commanded
                 into
                 Eubea
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Locrians
                 .
                 He
                 invaded
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 all
                 the
                 Sea-tract
                 of
                 Locris
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 Thronium
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 routed
                 the
                 Locrians
                 in
                 a
                 Land-Fight
                 at
                 Aelopes
                 .
                 He
                 then
                 Fortisied
                 the
                 Island
                 Atalante
                 ,
                 near
                 Locris
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 both
                 a
                 Defence
                 against
                 the
                 Locrians
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 from
                 thence
                 he
                 might
                 with
                 more
                 ease
                 make
                 incursions
                 upon
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 the
                 Athenians
                 cast
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 out
                 of
                 Aegina
                 ,
                 for
                 favouring
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 accused
                 )
                 and
                 brought
                 new
                 Colonies
                 
                 thither
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 Country
                 amongst
                 them
                 by
                 Lot.
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 appointed
                 *
                 Thyre
                 to
                 the
                 ejected
                 Aeginites
                 for
                 their
                 habitation
                 ;
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 forthwith
                 alloted
                 Naupactus
                 for
                 a
                 receptacle
                 for
                 the
                 Messenians
                 ,
                 formerly
                 ejected
                 by
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 the
                 Athenians
                 sent
                 Pericles
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 against
                 them
                 of
                 Megara
                 ,
                 who
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 harras'd
                 the
                 Country
                 and
                 taken
                 much
                 Spoil
                 and
                 Plunder
                 ,
                 return'd
                 to
                 Athens
                 .
              
               
                 Shortly
                 after
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 with
                 their
                 Confederats
                 broke
                 a
                 second
                 time
                 into
                 Attica
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 down
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 burnt
                 the
                 Towns
                 and
                 most
                 miserably
                 destroy'd
                 
                 almost
                 the
                 whole
                 Country
                 ,
                 except
                 Tetrapolis
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 spar'd
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 former
                 kindness
                 in
                 receiving
                 of
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 and
                 subduing
                 (
                 by
                 Arms
                 from
                 thence
                 )
                 Euristheus
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 conceiv'd
                 it
                 just
                 and
                 equal
                 to
                 shew
                 kindness
                 to
                 them
                 who
                 had
                 deserv'd
                 so
                 well
                 from
                 their
                 Predecessors
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 during
                 this
                 incursion
                 durst
                 not
                 come
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 but
                 kept
                 close
                 withim
                 
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 whereof
                 a
                 great
                 Plague
                 raged
                 amongst
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 a
                 Multitude
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 People
                 being
                 throng'd
                 together
                 ,
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 reasonably
                 concluded
                 that
                 through
                 the
                 straitness
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 the
                 Air
                 was
                 corrupted
                 ,
                 and
                 caused
                 the
                 Infection
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 means
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 weakn'd
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 drive
                 the
                 Enemy
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 but
                 sent
                 out
                 Pericles
                 again
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 into
                 Peloponesus
                 ;
                 who
                 wasting
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 some
                 Cities
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 leave
                 Attica
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Athenians
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 wast
                 and
                 spoil
                 made
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 great
                 destruction
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 by
                 the
                 Plague
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 fell
                 into
                 great
                 discontent
                 and
                 vexation
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 enrag'd
                 ,
                 at
                 Pericles
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 look'd
                 upon
                 as
                 the
                 great
                 Incendiary
                 and
                 occasion
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 depriv'd
                 him
                 of
                 the
                 Magistracy
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 slight
                 and
                 frivolous
                 Surmizes
                 laid
                 a
                 Mulct
                 upon
                 him
                 of
                 Thirty
                 Talents
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 sent
                 Embassadors
                 
                 to
                 Sparta
                 to
                 treat
                 of
                 Peace
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 slighted
                 by
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 (
                 who
                 would
                 admit
                 of
                 no
                 reasonable
                 Terms
                 ,
                 )
                 they
                 were
                 reduced
                 to
                 a
                 necessity
                 to
                 chuse
                 Pericles
                 General
                 again
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 Actions
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
               
               
                 Epaminondas
                 this
                 Year
                 was
                 chief
                 Ruler
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Papyrius
                   Crassus
                
                 and
                 
                 
                   Marcus
                   Comelius
                
                 *
                 
                   Macerinus
                   Roman
                
                 Consuls
                 :
                 At
                 which
                 time
                 Pericles
                 the
                 General
                 Died
                 at
                 Athens
                 .
                 A
                 Man
                 in
                 Nobility
                 of
                 Birth
                 ,
                 greatness
                 of
                 Estate
                 ,
                 in
                 Eloquence
                 ,
                 Arts
                 and
                 Stratagems
                 of
                 War
                 far
                 beyond
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 .
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 very
                 hot
                 and
                 earnest
                 to
                 recover
                 Potidea
                 by
                 force
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 sent
                 Hagno
                 thither
                 with
                 the
                 Army
                 formerly
                 commanded
                 by
                 
                   Pericles
                   .
                   Hagno
                
                 thereupon
                 Sail'd
                 thither
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 all
                 the
                 preparation
                 for
                 the
                 Siege
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 viz.
                 Engines
                 of
                 all
                 Sorts
                 for
                 an
                 Assault
                 ,
                 
                 Arms
                 and
                 Darts
                 ,
                 and
                 sufficient
                 Provision
                 for
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 .
                 However
                 though
                 he
                 continually
                 batter'd
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 in
                 many
                 places
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 spent
                 much
                 time
                 to
                 no
                 purpose
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 being
                 taken
                 by
                 Storm
                 added
                 courage
                 to
                 the
                 Defendants
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 hight
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 commanding
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 made
                 them
                 very
                 resolute
                 :
                 Besides
                 ,
                 a
                 Disease
                 hapn'd
                 among
                 the
                 Besiegers
                 which
                 destroy'd
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 greatly
                 discourag'd
                 .
                 Notwithstanding
                 Hagno
                 knowing
                 that
                 the
                 Athenians
                 had
                 been
                 at
                 the
                 charge
                 of
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Talents
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 highly
                 incens'd
                 against
                 them
                 of
                 Potidea
                 (
                 because
                 they
                 
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 made
                 a
                 Defection
                 )
                 durst
                 not
                 leave
                 the
                 Siege
                 :
                 But
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 might
                 persisted
                 ,
                 and
                 stir'd
                 up
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 even
                 above
                 their
                 Strength
                 to
                 force
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 But
                 at
                 length
                 considering
                 that
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 were
                 lost
                 both
                 in
                 the
                 Assaults
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 infection
                 of
                 the
                 Disease
                 ,
                 leaving
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 to
                 maintain
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 having
                 lost
                 above
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Men.
                 After
                 he
                 was
                 gone
                 ,
                 they
                 of
                 Potidea
                 (
                 being
                 brought
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 extremity
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Provision
                 )
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Besiegers
                 to
                 treat
                 with
                 them
                 upon
                 Terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 readily
                 accepted
                 and
                 imbrac'd
                 with
                 both
                 Arms
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 Peace
                 was
                 made
                 upon
                 the
                 Terms
                 following
                 ,
                 to
                 wit
                 ,
                 That
                 
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 should
                 draw
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 nothing
                 away
                 with
                 them
                 but
                 every
                 Man
                 one
                 Suit
                 of
                 Apparel
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 Woman
                 two
                 .
              
               
                 Matters
                 being
                 thus
                 compos'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Potideans
                 with
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Articles
                 )
                 left
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 setled
                 themselves
                 among
                 the
                 Calcideans
                 in
                 Thrace
                 ;
                 after
                 which
                 the
                 Athenians
                 sent
                 a
                 Colony
                 of
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Persons
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 divided
                 both
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 Country
                 adjacent
                 amongst
                 them
                 by
                 Lot.
                 
              
               
                 Phormio
                 being
                 now
                 made
                 Admiral
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 with
                 Twenty
                 Ships
                 sail'd
                 round
                 Peloponesus
                 and
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Naupactum
                 ,
                 where
                 possessing
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Greek
                 Criseus
                 ,
                 he
                 stopt
                 the
                 Passages
                 against
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 their
                 Ships
                 could
                 not
                 come
                 forth
                 .
                 But
                 their
                 King
                 Archidamus
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 began
                 a
                 new
                 expedition
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 march'd
                 into
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Platea
                 (
                 ready
                 and
                 prepar'd
                 to
                 wast
                 and
                 destroy
                 the
                 Country
                 )
                 he
                 first
                 solicited
                 that
                 City
                 to
                 revolt
                 :
                 
                 But
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 prevail
                 ,
                 he
                 fell
                 a
                 robbing
                 and
                 spoiling
                 the
                 Country
                 all
                 along
                 as
                 he
                 went.
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 Besieg'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 in
                 hopes
                 to
                 weary
                 them
                 out
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Provision
                 :
                 He
                 incessantly
                 likewise
                 Batter'd
                 the
                 Walls
                 with
                 his
                 Engines
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 frequent
                 Assaults
                 .
                 But
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Attempts
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 march'd
                 back
                 into
                 Peloponesus
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Athenians
                 made
                 Xenophon
                 and
                 Phanomachus
                 Generals
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 to
                 go
                 into
                 Thrace
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 came
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 Pactolus
                 in
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 they
                 burnt
                 spoil'd
                 and
                 rob'd
                 the
                 Country
                 all
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 the
                 very
                 standing
                 Corn.
                 But
                 they
                 of
                 Olynthus
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Beotians
                 ,
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 slew
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 their
                 Generals
                 .
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 by
                 the
                 advice
                 of
                 the
                 Ambraciots
                 with
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 and
                 a
                 few
                 Ships
                 under
                 Cnemus
                 their
                 Captain
                 ,
                 made
                 for
                 Acarnania
                 and
                 being
                 inforc'd
                 by
                 a
                 considerable
                 Number
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 Cnemus
                 arriv'd
                 there
                 and
                 incamp'd
                 near
                 the
                 City
                 Stratos
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Acarnanians
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 came
                 suddainly
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 surpriz'd
                 him
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 and
                 drove
                 him
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Oeniades
                 .
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Phormio
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Commander
                 with
                 his
                 twenty
                 Ships
                 met
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Forty
                 Seven
                 
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 Fought
                 them
                 ,
                 sunk
                 the
                 Admiral
                 and
                 disabl'd
                 many
                 others
                 ,
                 took
                 Twelve
                 with
                 the
                 Men
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 pursu'd
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 the
                 Continent
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 thus
                 unexpectedly
                 beaten
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 remaining
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Fleet
                 got
                 into
                 Patrae
                 in
                 Achaia
                 .
                 This
                 Battel
                 was
                 at
                 a
                 Place
                 call'd
                 Rhium
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Athenians
                 erected
                 a
                 Trophy
                 ,
                 and
                 Dedicated
                 a
                 Ship
                 in
                 the
                 Isthmos
                 to
                 Neptune
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 so
                 return'd
                 to
                 their
                 Confederat
                 City
                 Naupactus
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 sent
                 other
                 Ships
                 to
                 join
                 the
                 remainder
                 of
                 their
                 Fleet
                 that
                 were
                 at
                 Patra
                 .
                 And
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 rendezvouz'd
                 at
                 *
                 Rhium
                 ,
                 whither
                 likewise
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 Land-Army
                 March'd
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 encamp'd
                 near
                 to
                 their
                 Fleet.
                 
              
               
                 Phormio
                 encourag'd
                 by
                 the
                 late
                 Victory
                 ,
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 though
                 they
                 far
                 exceeded
                 him
                 Number
                 ,
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 without
                 some
                 loss
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 went
                 off
                 but
                 half
                 Conqueror
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 enforc'd
                 with
                 Twenty
                 more
                 Ships
                 from
                 Athens
                 ,
                 tlie
                 Lacedemonians
                 made
                 off
                 for
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 and
                 durst
                 never
                 attempt
                 any
                 more
                 to
                 Fight
                 at
                 Sea.
                 And
                 these
                 are
                 the
                 things
                 reported
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
               
                 Diotinus
                 executing
                 the
                 place
                 of
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 created
                 
                 Caius
                 †
                 Junius
                 and
                 
                   Proculus
                   Virginius
                   Tricostus
                
                 Consuls
                 :
                 And
                 they
                 of
                 Elis
                 celebrated
                 the
                 eighty
                 eighth
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Simmachus
                 of
                 Messina
                 in
                 Sicily
                 carry'd
                 away
                 the
                 Prize
                 .
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Cnemus
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Admiral
                 while
                 he
                 lay
                 at
                 Corinth
                 contriv'd
                 how
                 to
                 surprize
                 the
                 Pyreum
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 understood
                 by
                 his
                 
                 Spies
                 that
                 no
                 Shipping
                 lay
                 there
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 Guard
                 was
                 appointed
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Place
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 secure
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 Negligent
                 ,
                 conceiving
                 none
                 durst
                 be
                 so
                 bold
                 as
                 to
                 come
                 up
                 thither
                 to
                 attempt
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 that
                 Nature
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 having
                 brought
                 Forty
                 Ships
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 to
                 Megaris
                 ,
                 with
                 these
                 well
                 Man'd
                 he
                 set
                 Sail
                 from
                 thence
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 past
                 over
                 to
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 surpriz'd
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 Castle
                 Budorium
                 ,
                 and
                 seiz'd
                 their
                 Ships
                 and
                 harras'd
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 They
                 of
                 Salamis
                 firing
                 their
                 Beacons
                 ,
                 the
                 
                 Athenians
                 suspected
                 that
                 the
                 Pyreum
                 was
                 taken
                 ,
                 and
                 ran
                 all
                 with
                 great
                 fear
                 and
                 confusion
                 to
                 their
                 Arms
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 better
                 inform'd
                 made
                 away
                 for
                 Salamis
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 thus
                 frustrated
                 in
                 their
                 Design
                 ,
                 left
                 Salamis
                 and
                 return'd
                 home
                 .
                 After
                 their
                 departure
                 the
                 Athenians
                 had
                 a
                 more
                 watchful
                 Eye
                 upon
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 there
                 a
                 strong
                 Garrison
                 ;
                 and
                 fortifi'd
                 the
                 Pyreum
                 with
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 sufficient
                 Guards
                 for
                 it's
                 Defence
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Sitalces
                 King
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 but
                 a
                 Small
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 yet
                 by
                 his
                 Valour
                 and
                 Prudence
                 greatly
                 enlarg'd
                 his
                 Dominions
                 ;
                 being
                 a
                 Man
                 
                 both
                 Just
                 and
                 Kind
                 to
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 Valiant
                 and
                 Diligent
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 War.
                 He
                 made
                 his
                 chief
                 care
                 to
                 preserve
                 and
                 increase
                 his
                 Stores
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 he
                 grew
                 so
                 very
                 Rich
                 that
                 he
                 gain'd
                 larger
                 Territories
                 than
                 ever
                 any
                 King
                 of
                 Thrace
                 had
                 done
                 before
                 him
                 .
                 For
                 that
                 part
                 which
                 lay
                 by
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coast
                 ran
                 along
                 from
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 the
                 Abderites
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Ister
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 from
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 main
                 Land
                 ,
                 was
                 of
                 as
                 great
                 extent
                 as
                 a
                 swift
                 Footman
                 could
                 Travel
                 over
                 in
                 Thirteen
                 Days
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Prince
                 was
                 possess'd
                 of
                 so
                 large
                 a
                 Country
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 yearly
                 Revenue
                 amounted
                 to
                 above
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Talents
                 .
                 During
                 his
                 Reign
                 a
                 War
                 broke
                 forth
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 occasion
                 he
                 rais'd
                 out
                 of
                 Thrace
                 more
                 than
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 's
                 necessary
                 that
                 we
                 
                 declare
                 the
                 Causes
                 of
                 this
                 War
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 the
                 following
                 account
                 may
                 be
                 better
                 understood
                 .
              
               
                 Sitacles
                 had
                 entr'd
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Articles
                 
                 was
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 faithfully
                 Assist
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 wherein
                 they
                 were
                 engag'd
                 in
                 Thrace
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 he
                 rais'd
                 a
                 powerful
                 Army
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 to
                 take
                 Calcidea
                 by
                 Force
                 :
                 And
                 likewise
                 for
                 the
                 hatred
                 he
                 had
                 to
                 Perdiccas
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 restore
                 Amyntas
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Philip
                 ,
                 to
                 his
                 Father's
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 For
                 these
                 Causes
                 he
                 was
                 necessitated
                 to
                 raise
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 Army
                 .
                 When
                 all
                 things
                 were
                 in
                 readyness
                 he
                 Marc'hd
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 out
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 and
                 entr
                 d
                 Macedonia
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 struck
                 with
                 terror
                 at
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 dar'd
                 not
                 to
                 oppose
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 getting
                 in
                 all
                 their
                 Fruits
                 and
                 Goods
                 they
                 could
                 within
                 their
                 Garrisons
                 ,
                 they
                 kept
                 close
                 within
                 their
                 Forts
                 and
                 Walls
                 .
                 The
                 Thracians
                 brought
                 Amyntas
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 as
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 first
                 treated
                 the
                 Cities
                 by
                 Messengers
                 and
                 fair
                 Speeches
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 none
                 would
                 hearken
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 Assaulted
                 the
                 first
                 Castle
                 in
                 his
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 it
                 by
                 Storm
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 and
                 Garrisons
                 (
                 through
                 fear
                 )
                 
                 surrender'd
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 .
                 After
                 they
                 had
                 run
                 through
                 all
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 loaded
                 with
                 Rich
                 Booty
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 against
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 Calcideans
                 .
              
               
               
                 Whilst
                 Sitalces
                 was
                 thus
                 imploy'd
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Thessalians
                   ,
                   Achaians
                   ,
                   Magnesians
                
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Grecians
                 inhabiting
                 within
                 Macedon
                 and
                 Thermopyle
                 ,
                 confederated
                 and
                 rais'd
                 a
                 mighty
                 Army
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 afraid
                 lest
                 the
                 Thracians
                 who
                 were
                 so
                 
                 powerful
                 ,
                 should
                 make
                 an
                 inroad
                 into
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 them
                 under
                 the
                 Thracian
                 Yoke
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 Calcideans
                 did
                 the
                 like
                 .
                 Sitalces
                 hereupon
                 being
                 inform'd
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Armies
                 rais'd
                 against
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 knowing
                 his
                 Army
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 indure
                 the
                 sharpness
                 of
                 the
                 approaching
                 Winter
                 ,
                 struck
                 up
                 a
                 Peace
                 with
                 Perdiccas
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 confirmation
                 thereof
                 ,
                 contracted
                 a
                 Marriage
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 march'd
                 his
                 Army
                 back
                 into
                 Thrace
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 whilst
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 on
                 foot
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 with
                 
                 their
                 Confederates
                 made
                 another
                 irruption
                 out
                 of
                 Peloponesus
                 into
                 Attica
                 ,
                 under
                 their
                 King
                 Archidamus
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 destroy'd
                 all
                 the
                 standing
                 Corn
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 near
                 ripe
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 havock
                 and
                 spoil
                 all
                 over
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 they
                 return'd
                 to
                 their
                 respective
                 Habitations
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 were
                 not
                 in
                 heart
                 to
                 oppose
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 under
                 sore
                 Calamities
                 by
                 Plague
                 and
                 Famine
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 altogether
                 despair'd
                 of
                 any
                 good
                 issue
                 and
                 event
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 things
                 observable
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
               
                 Euclides
                 was
                 Ruler
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Romans
                 chose
                 Three
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 of
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 Marcus
                 *
                 
                   Mannius
                   ,
                   Quintus
                   Su'pitius
                   Pretextatus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Servitius
                   Cornelius
                   Cossus
                
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 them
                 of
                 Leontum
                 ,
                 a
                 Colony
                 brought
                 thither
                 from
                 the
                 Calcideans
                 ,
                 originally
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 overpress'd
                 by
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 great
                 danger
                 to
                 lose
                 their
                 City
                 ,
                 sent
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 Athens
                 for
                 speedy
                 and
                 seasonable
                 aid
                 ,
                 to
                 deliver
                 them
                 from
                 their
                 present
                 Exigency
                 .
                 The
                 chief
                 among
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 ,
                 was
                 Gorgias
                 the
                 Orator
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 Eloquent
                 Man
                 of
                 his
                 time
                 .
                 He
                 
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 taught
                 the
                 Rules
                 of
                 Rhetorick
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 so
                 famous
                 for
                 his
                 wise
                 and
                 learned
                 Orations
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 his
                 Scholars
                 as
                 a
                 Gratuity
                 ,
                 gave
                 him
                 an
                 Hundred
                 †
                 
                 Mina's
                 apiece
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 Audience
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 an
                 Oration
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 concerning
                 the
                 League
                 desired
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 new
                 and
                 ingenious
                 way
                 of
                 speaking
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 so
                 taken
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 otherwise
                 Men
                 of
                 great
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Eloquence
                 )
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 struck
                 with
                 admiration
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 adorn'd
                 his
                 Speech
                 with
                 most
                 excellent
                 Figures
                 ,
                 *
                 and
                 artificial
                 composures
                 of
                 Words
                 and
                 Sentences
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 Opposites
                 ,
                 Paranomacisms
                 ,
                 equal
                 Periods
                 like
                 Terminations
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 gingling
                 strains
                 of
                 Rhetorical
                 Wit
                 ,
                 to
                 allure
                 and
                 intice
                 his
                 Auditors
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 for
                 its
                 novelty
                 ,
                 was
                 much
                 admired
                 .
                 But
                 now
                 it
                 's
                 lookt
                 upon
                 to
                 savour
                 too
                 much
                 of
                 affectation
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 ridiculous
                 ,
                 especially
                 when
                 by
                 frequency
                 and
                 often
                 repetition
                 it
                 becomes
                 fulsome
                 and
                 tedious
                 .
                 Gorgias
                 having
                 perswaded
                 the
                 Athenians
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Leontines
                 ,
                 return'd
                 to
                 Leontinum
                 with
                 great
                 Reputation
                 for
                 his
                 Eloquence
                 .
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Athenians
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 before
                 ,
                 had
                 an
                 hankering
                 Mind
                 after
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 richness
                 of
                 the
                 Soyl
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 were
                 now
                 more
                 willingly
                 perswaded
                 by
                 Gorgias
                 ,
                 and
                 decreed
                 to
                 send
                 Aid
                 as
                 was
                 desir'd
                 .
                 The
                 pretence
                 was
                 to
                 assist
                 them
                 who
                 were
                 their
                 own
                 Countrymen
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 brought
                 into
                 great
                 straits
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 truth
                 their
                 chief
                 Design
                 was
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Island
                 ;
                 for
                 not
                 many
                 Years
                 before
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 War
                 broke
                 forth
                 between
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 and
                 them
                 of
                 Corcyra
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 address'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 for
                 Aid
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 side
                 with
                 the
                 Corcyreans
                 ,
                 because
                 Corcyra
                 was
                 so
                 situated
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 ready
                 and
                 convenient
                 Pass
                 over
                 from
                 thence
                 into
                 Sicily
                 .
                 In
                 short
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 being
                 now
                 Masters
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 where
                 successful
                 ,
                 had
                 many
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 richly
                 furnished
                 ,
                 both
                 with
                 Men
                 and
                 Money
                 ,
                 had
                 many
                 Cities
                 under
                 their
                 power
                 ,
                 were
                 possess'd
                 of
                 a
                 mighty
                 Treasure
                 in
                 ready
                 Money
                 brought
                 from
                 Delos
                 ,
                 gathered
                 from
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Greece
                 to
                 the
                 value
                 of
                 above
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 †
                 Talents
                 .
              
               
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 likewise
                 many
                 excellent
                 Officers
                 ,
                 and
                 expert
                 Commanders
                 ;
                 by
                 these
                 Advantages
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 grown
                 very
                 confident
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 both
                 overcome
                 the
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 having
                 subdu'd
                 all
                 Greece
                 )
                 win
                 also
                 the
                 
                 
                 whole
                 Island
                 of
                 Sicily
                 .
                 These
                 were
                 the
                 Reasons
                 induced
                 them
                 to
                 resolve
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 Leontines
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 sent
                 them
                 
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Sail
                 of
                 Ships
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 command
                 of
                 Lachetes
                 and
                 Chabrias
                 .
                 With
                 these
                 they
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Rhegium
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 
                 their
                 Colonies
                 there
                 and
                 at
                 Calcidea
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Ships
                 more
                 ,
                 which
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 former
                 ;
                 from
                 thence
                 they
                 loos'd
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 first
                 to
                 the
                 Lipare
                 Islands
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 ravag'd
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 Confederates
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 made
                 to
                 *
                 Locris
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Five
                 Ships
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Locrians
                 ,
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 one
                 of
                 their
                 Castles
                 .
                 The
                 Siculi
                 bordering
                 upon
                 the
                 †
                 Myleans
                 coming
                 to
                 their
                 aid
                 ,
                 the
                 Armies
                 engag'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 Conquerors
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 above
                 a
                 Thousand
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 no
                 fewer
                 than
                 Six
                 Hundred
                 Prisoners
                 :
                 And
                 presently
                 after
                 they
                 took
                 the
                 Castle
                 by
                 Storm
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Forty
                 Ships
                 more
                 were
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Fleet
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 War
                 with
                 more
                 Vigour
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 command
                 of
                 Eurymedon
                 and
                 Sophocles
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 all
                 join'd
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 up
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Sail.
                 But
                 while
                 the
                 War
                 was
                 carrying
                 on
                 ,
                 the
                 Leontines
                 by
                 their
                 Embassadors
                 ,
                 struck
                 up
                 a
                 Peace
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 return'd
                 Home
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 receiv'd
                 all
                 the
                 Leontines
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 them
                 all
                 free
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 that
                 time
                 appointed
                 the
                 City
                 Leontium
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Fort
                 or
                 Garrison
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 Condition
                 of
                 Sicily
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Greece
                 ,
                 they
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 Lesbos
                 revolted
                 from
                 the
                 Athenians
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 
                 Reason
                 was
                 ,
                 because
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 throughout
                 Lesbos
                 ,
                 were
                 by
                 order
                 and
                 decree
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 remov'd
                 and
                 brought
                 into
                 *
                 Mitylene
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 also
                 they
                 entred
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 advis'd
                 them
                 how
                 they
                 might
                 become
                 Masters
                 at
                 Sea.
                 To
                 accomplish
                 which
                 Design
                 ,
                 they
                 promis'd
                 them
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Ships
                 :
                 The
                 Spartans
                 gave
                 a
                 very
                 quick
                 ear
                 to
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 whilst
                 they
                 were
                 preparing
                 a
                 Navy
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 Clinippides
                 with
                 Forty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 to
                 waft
                 over
                 an
                 Army
                 into
                 Lesbos
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 joyn'd
                 with
                 other
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 made
                 for
                 Mitylene
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 Sea-Fight
                 routed
                 the
                 Mityleans
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 besieged
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 resolved
                 to
                 assist
                 them
                 of
                 Mitylene
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 prepared
                 a
                 brave
                 Navy
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Athenians
                 enforc'd
                 their
                 Army
                 with
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 more
                 sent
                 into
                 Lesbos
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 arriv'd
                 .
                 Paches
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Epiderus
                 ,
                 was
                 General
                 of
                 this
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 who
                 when
                 he
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Mitylene
                 (
                 joining
                 with
                 the
                 former
                 Army
                 )
                 laid
                 a
                 more
                 strait
                 Siege
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 ;
                 and
                 contiually
                 assaulted
                 the
                 City
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land.
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 sent
                 Five
                 and
                 Forty
                 Ships
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Alcidas
                 ,
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 Mitylenes
                 ;
                 and
                 again
                 invaded
                 Attica
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ;
                 who
                 fell
                 upon
                 those
                 Places
                 that
                 were
                 before
                 untouch'd
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 most
                 shamefully
                 pillaged
                 and
                 wasted
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 they
                 return'd
                 Home
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Mitylenes
                 ,
                 oppress'd
                 with
                 Famine
                 ,
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 seditious
                 Tumults
                 ,
                 upon
                 Conditions
                 surrender
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 After
                 which
                 a
                 Council
                 was
                 held
                 at
                 Athens
                 what
                 
                 they
                 should
                 do
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 Mitylene
                 :
                 There
                 was
                 one
                 Cleon
                 an
                 Orator
                 ,
                 a
                 cruel
                 and
                 violent
                 spirited
                 Man
                 ,
                 stir'd
                 up
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 kill
                 all
                 the
                 Mitylenes
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 Men
                 grown
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 sell
                 all
                 the
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 for
                 Slaves
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 
                 voted
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 as
                 Cleon
                 had
                 perswaded
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 to
                 Mitylene
                 ,
                 to
                 acquaint
                 the
                 Governor
                 with
                 the
                 Decree
                 .
                 When
                 Paches
                 had
                 read
                 it
                 ,
                 another
                 to
                 the
                 contrary
                 presently
                 came
                 to
                 his
                 Hand
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Paches
                 understanding
                 the
                 Athenians
                 had
                 chang'd
                 their
                 Minds
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 joy
                 call'd
                 the
                 Mitylenes
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 remitted
                 their
                 faults
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 freed
                 them
                 from
                 their
                 fears
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 demolished
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 Mitylene
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 of
                 Lesbos
                 by
                 Lot
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 Lands
                 belonging
                 to
                 Methymna
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 issue
                 of
                 the
                 Lesbean
                 defection
                 from
                 Athens
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 (
                 still
                 carrying
                 on
                 the
                 Siege
                 at
                 Platea
                 )
                 drew
                 a
                 Wall
                 round
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 fortify'd
                 it
                 with
                 several
                 Forts
                 and
                 strong
                 Guards
                 for
                 its
                 Defence
                 .
                 The
                 Siege
                 continuing
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 Relief
                 coming
                 from
                 
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 were
                 greatly
                 press'd
                 both
                 with
                 want
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 who
                 were
                 cut
                 off
                 in
                 the
                 frequent
                 Assaults
                 .
                 All
                 therefore
                 being
                 doubtful
                 what
                 the
                 issue
                 might
                 be
                 ,
                 a
                 Council
                 was
                 call'd
                 to
                 advise
                 what
                 was
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 their
                 Preservation
                 .
                 Many
                 thought
                 it
                 most
                 advisable
                 to
                 capitulate
                 ;
                 but
                 there
                 were
                 others
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 were
                 for
                 breaking
                 through
                 the
                 Guards
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 fly
                 to
                 Athens
                 .
                 In
                 pursuance
                 whereof
                 ,
                 observing
                 the
                 darkness
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 for
                 Capitulating
                 ,
                 were
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 to
                 assault
                 a
                 remote
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Wall
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 ,
                 they
                 who
                 intended
                 to
                 break
                 through
                 the
                 Guards
                 (
                 whilst
                 their
                 Enemies
                 were
                 busied
                 in
                 assisting
                 their
                 Fellows
                 that
                 were
                 assaulted
                 )
                 scaled
                 another
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 (
                 having
                 got
                 Ladders
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 )
                 and
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Guards
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 escap'd
                 to
                 Athens
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 next
                 Day
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 were
                 in
                 great
                 vexation
                 at
                 the
                 escape
                 of
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 their
                 Forces
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 bent
                 all
                 their
                 Minds
                 and
                 Strength
                 with
                 all
                 expedition
                 to
                 force
                 the
                 Place
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Plateans
                 being
                 terrify'd
                 ,
                 gave
                 up
                 both
                 themselves
                 and
                 their
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 mercy
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Commanders
                 put
                 this
                 Question
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 that
                 they
                 sent
                 for
                 from
                 among
                 the
                 Plateans
                 ,
                 What
                 good
                 Offices
                 or
                 Services
                 they
                 had
                 ever
                 done
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ?
                 And
                 when
                 one
                 by
                 one
                 confessed
                 they
                 knew
                 of
                 none
                 ;
                 they
                 asked
                 them
                 again
                 ,
                 Whether
                 they
                 had
                 ever
                 done
                 the
                 Spartans
                 any
                 harm
                 ?
                 And
                 when
                 none
                 deny'd
                 that
                 ,
                 they
                 order'd
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 be
                 slain
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 all
                 that
                 remain'd
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 were
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Town
                 it self
                 was
                 raz'd
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lands
                 belonging
                 to
                 it
                 let
                 to
                 farm
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 
                 of
                 Platea
                 for
                 their
                 faithfulness
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 became
                 involv'd
                 in
                 great
                 Misery
                 ,
                 and
                 undeservedly
                 perished
                 .
              
               
                 Whilst
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 in
                 doing
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 Sedition
                 and
                 ‖
                 civil
                 Discord
                 arose
                 in
                 Corcyra
                 upon
                 the
                 following
                 occasion
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 Battel
                 at
                 Epidamnum
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Corcyreans
                 were
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 ;
                 and
                 while
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 custody
                 ,
                 they
                 promis'd
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 releas'd
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 undertake
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 Corcyra
                 into
                 their
                 Hands
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 welcome
                 and
                 grateful
                 Offer
                 to
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 .
                 A
                 considerable
                 Number
                 of
                 Talents
                 therefore
                 being
                 colourably
                 procur'd
                 from
                 their
                 Friends
                 for
                 their
                 Redemption
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 all
                 discharg'd
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 return'd
                 into
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 minding
                 the
                 performance
                 of
                 their
                 Contract
                 ,
                 they
                 First
                 seised
                 upon
                 the
                 chief
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 especially
                 those
                 who
                 could
                 most
                 influence
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 afterwards
                 cut
                 their
                 Throats
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 quite
                 dissolved
                 the
                 Democracy
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Corcyreans
                 were
                 presently
                 assisted
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 recoverd
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 resolved
                 to
                 execute
                 Justice
                 upon
                 
                 the
                 Ringleaders
                 of
                 the
                 Defection
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 (
                 through
                 fear
                 of
                 punishment
                 )
                 fled
                 for
                 refuge
                 to
                 the
                 Altars
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 Suppliants
                 begg'd
                 Pardon
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 .
              
               
                 Euthydemus
                 was
                 Governor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 when
                 Three
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 invested
                 
                 with
                 Consular
                 Power
                 were
                 again
                 chosen
                 at
                 
                   Rome
                   ,
                   Marcus
                   Fabius
                   ,
                   Phalinius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Sereulius
                
                 .
                 In
                 their
                 time
                 the
                 Plague
                 broke
                 out
                 afresh
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 freed
                 from
                 this
                 Contagion
                 but
                 very
                 lately
                 before
                 :
                 It
                 rag'd
                 so
                 exceedingly
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 lost
                 Four
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 Hundred
                 Horse
                 ;
                 and
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 Freemen
                 and
                 Servants
                 ,
                 above
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 because
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 History
                 may
                 require
                 a
                 Declaration
                 of
                 the
                 Causes
                 of
                 this
                 violent
                 Distemper
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 necessary
                 for
                 us
                 in
                 this
                 place
                 to
                 set
                 them
                 forth
                 .
              
               
                 Abundance
                 of
                 Rain
                 had
                 fallen
                 in
                 the
                 Winter
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 whereof
                 ,
                 the
                 Earth
                 being
                 over-wet
                 in
                 many
                 Places
                 (
                 especially
                 in
                 low
                 and
                 hollow
                 Grounds
                 )
                 the
                 Water
                 lay
                 like
                 standing
                 Pools
                 ;
                 and
                 those
                 being
                 corrupted
                 and
                 putrify'd
                 by
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Summer
                 ,
                 thence
                 proceeded
                 a
                 Mist
                 of
                 gross
                 and
                 stinking
                 Vapours
                 ,
                 which
                 corrupted
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 often
                 happens
                 about
                 filthy
                 Marishes
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 the
                 want
                 of
                 good
                 Food
                 ,
                 much
                 advanc'd
                 the
                 progress
                 of
                 the
                 Disease
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Year
                 before
                 ,
                 the
                 Fruits
                 by
                 too
                 much
                 Rain
                 were
                 crude
                 and
                 unwholsom
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 was
                 likewise
                 a
                 Third
                 cause
                 of
                 this
                 Distemper
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 this
                 ;
                 the
                 *
                 Etesian
                 Winds
                 this
                 Summer
                 blew
                 not
                 ,
                 by
                 whose
                 gentle
                 Breezes
                 ,
                 the
                 violent
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 was
                 constantly
                 allay'd
                 before
                 at
                 other
                 times
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Heat
                 being
                 now
                 excessive
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Air
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 inflam'd
                 ,
                 Mens
                 Bodies
                 now
                 wanting
                 the
                 usual
                 Refreshment
                 ,
                 contracted
                 an
                 evil
                 Habit
                 ;
                 from
                 whence
                 arose
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 vehement
                 and
                 immoderate
                 heat
                 )
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 burning
                 Distempers
                 .
                 And
                 hence
                 it
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 seiz'd
                 with
                 this
                 Disease
                 ,
                 to
                 free
                 themselves
                 from
                 the
                 burning
                 heat
                 that
                 was
                 in
                 their
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 cast
                 themselves
                 into
                 Pits
                 and
                 Wells
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 judg'd
                 that
                 
                 so
                 grievous
                 a
                 Distemper
                 was
                 from
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 charge
                 given
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 they
                 purg'd
                 the
                 Island
                 Delos
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 formerly
                 dedicated
                 
                 to
                 Apollo
                 )
                 now
                 polluted
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 conceiv'd
                 )
                 by
                 burying
                 many
                 dead
                 Bodies
                 there
                 .
                 Therefore
                 all
                 the
                 Graves
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 were
                 dug
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Urns
                 were
                 transported
                 into
                 the
                 next
                 Island
                 to
                 Delos
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Rhene
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 Law
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 lawful
                 for
                 any
                 for
                 the
                 time
                 to
                 come
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 bury
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 bear
                 any
                 Child
                 in
                 Delos
                 .
                 They
                 then
                 likewise
                 reviv'd
                 the
                 Panegyrick
                 Festival
                 in
                 Delos
                 ,
                 now
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 disus'd
                 .
                 While
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 thus
                 religiously
                 imploy'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 with
                 their
                 Confederates
                 in
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 incamp'd
                 in
                 the
                 Isthmos
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 consulted
                 together
                 concerning
                 the
                 invading
                 of
                 Attica
                 again
                 .
                 But
                 there
                 then
                 happening
                 such
                 terrible
                 †
                 Earthquakes
                 in
                 several
                 parts
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 so
                 terrify'd
                 and
                 possess'd
                 them
                 with
                 fear
                 and
                 awe
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 all
                 return'd
                 to
                 their
                 respective
                 Countries
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 horrible
                 Concussions
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 were
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 Cities
                 near
                 the
                 Sea
                 were
                 sunk
                 and
                 drown'd
                 .
                 And
                 whereas
                 that
                 Tract
                 of
                 Land
                 near
                 Locris
                 was
                 before
                 a
                 Peninsula
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 the
                 Earthquake
                 ,
                 a
                 Channel
                 was
                 made
                 through
                 the
                 Isthmos
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Place
                 turn'd
                 into
                 an
                 Island
                 now
                 call'd
                 †
                 Atalante
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 doing
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 sent
                 new
                 Colonies
                 into
                 Trachin
                 ,
                 and
                 changed
                 its
                 Name
                 into
                 *
                 Heraclea
                 .
                 The
                 Reason
                 was
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Trachinians
                 having
                 had
                 Wars
                 with
                 the
                 Oeteans
                 many
                 Years
                 ,
                 had
                 lost
                 most
                 of
                 their
                 Citizens
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 being
                 almost
                 depopulated
                 ,
                 they
                 addressed
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 (
                 whose
                 Colonies
                 they
                 were
                 )
                 to
                 repeople
                 their
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 were
                 their
                 Countrymen
                 ,
                 and
                 Hercules
                 their
                 Ancestor
                 in
                 times
                 long
                 past
                 ,
                 had
                 resided
                 at
                 Trachin
                 ,
                 resolved
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 a
                 large
                 and
                 beautiful
                 City
                 :
                 And
                 to
                 this
                 end
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 a
                 Colony
                 thither
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 others
                 in
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Four
                 Thousand
                 ;
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 pleased
                 ,
                 were
                 receiv'd
                 as
                 Members
                 of
                 the
                 Cololony
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 number
                 was
                 little
                 less
                 than
                 Six
                 Thousand
                 .
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 Trachin
                 was
                 at
                 length
                 so
                 far
                 inlarged
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 contain'd
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 divided
                 the
                 Land
                 adjoining
                 by
                 Lot
                 ,
                 they
                 call'd
                 the
                 City
                 Heraclea
                 .
              
               
                 Stratocles
                 being
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 Consular
                 dignity
                 was
                 conferr'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Three
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 at
                 
                   Rome
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Furius
                
                 *
                 Metellus
                 ,
                 †
                 
                   Lucius
                   Pinarius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   S.
                   Posthumius
                   Albus
                
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 time
                 
                 of
                 their
                 Government
                 ,
                 Demosthenes
                 made
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 with
                 Thirty
                 Ships
                 well
                 man'd
                 ,
                 join'd
                 with
                 Fifteen
                 more
                 from
                 Corcyra
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Aids
                 from
                 the
                 
                   Cephaleans
                   ,
                   Acarnanians
                
                 and
                 Messenians
                 inhabiting
                 ‖
                 Naupactus
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 set
                 sail
                 for
                 Leucas
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 harrased
                 and
                 wasted
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Leucadia
                 ,
                 he
                 bent
                 his
                 Course
                 for
                 Aetolia
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 burnt
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Villages
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 making
                 head
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 routed
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 who
                 fled
                 to
                 Naupactus
                 .
                 The
                 Aetolians
                 incouraged
                 with
                 this
                 Victory
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 aid
                 of
                 Three
                 Thousand
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 march'd
                 against
                 Naupactus
                 (
                 which
                 the
                 Messeneans
                 then
                 inhabited
                 )
                 but
                 were
                 repulsed
                 .
                 From
                 thence
                 they
                 made
                 an
                 Expedition
                 against
                 *
                 Molycria
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Athenian
                 General
                 Demosthenes
                 ,
                 fearing
                 lest
                 they
                 should
                 attack
                 Naupactus
                 ,
                 sent
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 out
                 of
                 Arcarnania
                 to
                 strengthen
                 the
                 Garrison
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 continu'd
                 in
                 Acarnania
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 upon
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Ambraciots
                 in
                 their
                 March
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 them
                 almost
                 all
                 off
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 the
                 whole
                 Strength
                 of
                 the
                 †
                 City
                 came
                 out
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 destroy'd
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 likewise
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 almost
                 made
                 desolate
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 he
                 entred
                 into
                 a
                 Consultation
                 of
                 assaulting
                 Ambracia
                 ,
                 hoping
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 easily
                 won
                 by
                 reason
                 there
                 were
                 few
                 left
                 to
                 defend
                 it
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Acarnanians
                 fearing
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 Masters
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 have
                 more
                 troublesome
                 Neighbours
                 than
                 the
                 Ambraciots
                 were
                 ,
                 refused
                 to
                 follow
                 Demosthenes
                 :
                 Upon
                 this
                 Mutiny
                 the
                 Acarnanians
                 became
                 Friends
                 with
                 the
                 Ambraciots
                 ,
                 and
                 entred
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 of
                 Peace
                 and
                 Amity
                 for
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Years
                 .
                 Demosthenes
                 thus
                 deserted
                 by
                 the
                 Acarnanians
                 ,
                 returns
                 with
                 Twenty
                 Sail
                 to
                 Athens
                 .
                 Presently
                 after
                 the
                 Ambraciots
                 (
                 having
                 lately
                 smarted
                 so
                 much
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 great
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 )
                 desir'd
                 a
                 Garrison
                 from
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
              
               
               
                 Demosthenes
                 afterwards
                 marching
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 to
                 *
                 Pylus
                 in
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 determin'd
                 to
                 draw
                 a
                 Wall
                 round
                 the
                 Place
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 naturally
                 Fortify'd
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 Hundred
                 Stadia's
                 from
                 Messena
                 :
                 And
                 being
                 well
                 furnished
                 with
                 Multitudes
                 
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 in
                 Twenty
                 Days
                 space
                 he
                 finished
                 the
                 Work.
                 But
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Fortifying
                 of
                 Pylus
                 ,
                 prepar'd
                 great
                 Forces
                 ,
                 both
                 by
                 Land
                 and
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Forty
                 Five
                 Sail
                 well
                 man'd
                 and
                 provided
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 Twelve
                 Thousand
                 Land
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 made
                 against
                 Pylus
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 seem'd
                 to
                 them
                 a
                 thing
                 dishonourable
                 ,
                 to
                 suffer
                 them
                 who
                 durst
                 not
                 come
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 to
                 defend
                 Attica
                 from
                 Devastations
                 ,
                 now
                 to
                 nestle
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 Fortifications
                 in
                 Peloponesus
                 .
                 They
                 incamp'd
                 therefore
                 with
                 their
                 Army
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 command
                 of
                 Thrasymedes
                 near
                 to
                 Pylus
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 undergo
                 all
                 hardships
                 
                 and
                 hazards
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 subdue
                 the
                 Place
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 they
                 stood
                 with
                 their
                 Fleet
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 to
                 block
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 Passage
                 and
                 Entrance
                 from
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 their
                 Forces
                 at
                 Land
                 ,
                 they
                 assaulted
                 the
                 Walls
                 with
                 one
                 Body
                 after
                 another
                 by
                 turns
                 ,
                 pressing
                 on
                 with
                 wonderful
                 Obstinacy
                 and
                 Resolution
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 put
                 likewise
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 choice
                 of
                 their
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 and
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 Island
                 Sphacteria
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 ran
                 out
                 at
                 length
                 over-against
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 Harbour
                 was
                 the
                 safer
                 and
                 securer
                 from
                 Storms
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 they
                 did
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 a
                 Place
                 very
                 commodious
                 ,
                 and
                 useful
                 for
                 the
                 carrying
                 on
                 of
                 the
                 Siege
                 .
                 They
                 likewise
                 continu'd
                 the
                 Assaults
                 every
                 Day
                 ,
                 without
                 intermission
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 Wounds
                 upon
                 Wounds
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Towers
                 and
                 Bulwarks
                 upon
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 remitted
                 nothing
                 of
                 their
                 Heat
                 and
                 Resolution
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 Multitudes
                 were
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 wounded
                 ,
                 in
                 striving
                 to
                 storm
                 a
                 Place
                 most
                 strongly
                 Fortify'd
                 .
                 
                 For
                 the
                 Athenians
                 being
                 possess'd
                 of
                 a
                 Town
                 of
                 natural
                 Strength
                 ,
                 and
                 abundantly
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Arms
                 and
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 Defence
                 ,
                 most
                 vigorously
                 repell'd
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 hop'd
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 frustrated
                 this
                 Design
                 ,
                 Peloponesus
                 would
                 be
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 War
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 by
                 degrees
                 wast
                 and
                 destroy
                 their
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 whilst
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 managed
                 at
                 the
                 Siege
                 with
                 the
                 greatest
                 heat
                 imaginable
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Spartans
                 exercis'd
                 all
                 their
                 Force
                 and
                 Power
                 ,
                 (
                 amongst
                 many
                 others
                 that
                 purchas'd
                 Honour
                 by
                 their
                 Gallantry
                 )
                 Brasidas
                 mounted
                 to
                 the
                 highest
                 step
                 of
                 Glory
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 the
                 other
                 Captains
                 and
                 Commanders
                 in
                 the
                 Fleet
                 durst
                 not
                 make
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Shoar
                 with
                 the
                 Ships
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 sharp
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 difficulty
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 he
                 acting
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 an
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 loud
                 Voice
                 commanded
                 ,
                 and
                 incessantly
                 urged
                 the
                 Pilot
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 regard
                 to
                 the
                 Ship
                 ,
                 to
                 force
                 it
                 ashore
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 said
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 base
                 thing
                 for
                 the
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 resolving
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 pretended
                 to
                 be
                 victorious
                 )
                 should
                 be
                 more
                 sparing
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 than
                 their
                 Lives
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 suffer
                 the
                 Athenians
                 to
                 Lord
                 it
                 in
                 Laconia
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Pilot
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 run
                 the
                 Ship
                 ashore
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 Brasidas
                 (
                 resolvedly
                 fixing
                 himself
                 upon
                 the
                 *
                 Hatches
                 )
                 encountered
                 with
                 a
                 whole
                 Troop
                 of
                 Athenians
                 that
                 made
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 first
                 assaulted
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 Darts
                 flying
                 thick
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 receiving
                 many
                 Wounds
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 much
                 Blood
                 )
                 he
                 fell
                 down
                 as
                 dead
                 ;
                 and
                 his
                 Arm
                 slipping
                 off
                 Board
                 ,
                 and
                 hanging
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ship
                 ,
                 his
                 Buckler
                 catcht
                 by
                 the
                 Waves
                 ,
                 dropt
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Left
                 Hand
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 seiz'd
                 presently
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 lying
                 half
                 Dead
                 amongst
                 the
                 Heaps
                 of
                 those
                 he
                 had
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 was
                 taken
                 
                 up
                 and
                 carry'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ship
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Men
                 ;
                 Thus
                 far
                 excelling
                 others
                 in
                 Valour
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 others
                 have
                 been
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 because
                 they
                 basely
                 threw
                 away
                 their
                 Shields
                 ,
                 he
                 by
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 his
                 ,
                 gain'd
                 the
                 highest
                 Honour
                 and
                 Reputation
                 .
                 However
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 obstinately
                 persisted
                 in
                 the
                 Siege
                 at
                 Pylus
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 loss
                 of
                 their
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 Here
                 any
                 one
                 may
                 justly
                 admire
                 at
                 the
                 wonderful
                 and
                 various
                 turns
                 and
                 changes
                 of
                 Fortune
                 at
                 Pylus
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Athenians
                 drave
                 the
                 Spartans
                 out
                 of
                 Laconia
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 who
                 were
                 usually
                 Victors
                 at
                 Land
                 (
                 now
                 forc'd
                 from
                 Land
                 )
                 over-power
                 the
                 Athenians
                 at
                 Sea
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 who
                 were
                 before
                 Masters
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 now
                 repel
                 their
                 Enemies
                 at
                 Land.
                 But
                 the
                 Siege
                 continuing
                 very
                 long
                 ,
                 they
                 who
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 were
                 in
                 great
                 hazard
                 to
                 be
                 famish'd
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Fleet
                 now
                 commanding
                 
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 stop'd
                 all
                 Provision
                 that
                 way
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 therefore
                 now
                 fearing
                 what
                 would
                 become
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 block'd
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 
                 sent
                 to
                 Athens
                 to
                 treat
                 upon
                 Terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 nothing
                 of
                 Peace
                 would
                 be
                 hearkened
                 unto
                 ,
                 they
                 desired
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 accept
                 of
                 an
                 Exchange
                 ,
                 and
                 receive
                 as
                 many
                 Prisoners
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Men
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 this
                 was
                 refus'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Ambassadors
                 very
                 freely
                 and
                 sharply
                 even
                 in
                 Athens
                 it self
                 ,
                 told
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 their
                 refusing
                 to
                 exchange
                 one
                 equal
                 number
                 for
                 another
                 ,
                 they
                 own'd
                 that
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 were
                 of
                 more
                 worth
                 and
                 value
                 than
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 Being
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 these
                 straits
                 and
                 necessities
                 ,
                 they
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 Sphacteria
                 ,
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 submit
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Athenians
                 took
                 them
                 all
                 Prisoners
                 .
                 The
                 number
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 Spartans
                 (
                 who
                 then
                 delivered
                 up
                 themselves
                 )
                 were
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Twenty
                 ;
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fourscore
                 .
                 Cleon
                 the
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 brought
                 
                 them
                 all
                 bound
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 decreed
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 would
                 make
                 an
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 all
                 be
                 preserved
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 they
                 persisted
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 all
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 sent
                 for
                 the
                 best
                 Soldiers
                 of
                 the
                 Messenians
                 that
                 inhabited
                 Naupactus
                 ,
                 and
                 join'd
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 with
                 them
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 Pylus
                 ,
                 judging
                 the
                 Messenians
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 
                 inveterate
                 hatred
                 they
                 had
                 towards
                 the
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 very
                 eager
                 to
                 spoil
                 Laconia
                 by
                 Sallies
                 from
                 so
                 strong
                 a
                 Fortification
                 :
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 condition
                 were
                 things
                 at
                 Pylus
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Artaxerxes
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 died
                 ,
                 having
                 reign'd
                 Forty
                 Years
                 :
                 
                 Xerxes
                 succeeded
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 reign'd
                 only
                 one
                 Year
                 .
                 In
                 Italy
                 the
                 Aequi
                 rebell'd
                 against
                 the
                 Romanś
                 ;
                 to
                 suppress
                 whom
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 created
                 
                   Aulus
                   Posthumius
                
                 Dictator
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Julius
                
                 ,
                 Master
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 ;
                 who
                 made
                 an
                 inrode
                 with
                 a
                 brave
                 Army
                 into
                 their
                 Country
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Aequi
                 presently
                 Fought
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 routed
                 .
                 A
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Romans
                 carry'd
                 away
                 great
                 Spoil
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 Slaughter
                 ,
                 the
                 Aequi
                 submitted
                 to
                 the
                 mercy
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Romans
                   .
                   Posthumius
                
                 having
                 thus
                 bravely
                 manag'd
                 the
                 War
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 Custom
                 )
                 triumph'd
                 .
                 A
                 thing
                 something
                 incredible
                 is
                 reported
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 by
                 this
                 Posthumius
                 ;
                 to
                 wit
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 put
                 his
                 own
                 Son
                 to
                 
                 Death
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Battel
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 spritely
                 heat
                 of
                 Youth
                 ,
                 pressing
                 on
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 his
                 Post
                 assign'd
                 him
                 by
                 his
                 Father
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Year
                 ended
                 ,
                 †
                 Isarchus
                 was
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 
                   Rome
                   ,
                   Titus
                   Quintius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Julius
                
                 were
                 Consuls
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Eighty
                 Ninth
                 Olympiad
                 was
                 celebrated
                 at
                 Elis
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 Symmachus
                 was
                 again
                 Victor
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Athenians
                 made
                 Nicias
                 Admiral
                 of
                 their
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 Threescore
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 at
                 Arms
                 ,
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 ,
                 was
                 ordered
                 to
                 invade
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Confederates
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 he
                 forthwith
                 made
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Island
                 Melus
                 ,
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 besieged
                 the
                 City
                 many
                 days
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 only
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Islands
                 of
                 the
                 Cyclades
                 stood
                 firm
                 and
                 constant
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 a
                 Colony
                 from
                 
                   Sparta
                   .
                   Nicias
                
                 knowing
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 in
                 a
                 condition
                 able
                 to
                 storm
                 the
                 Place
                 (
                 which
                 made
                 a
                 resolute
                 Defence
                 )
                 pass'd
                 to
                 Oropus
                 in
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 and
                 leaving
                 his
                 Fleet
                 there
                 ,
                 march'd
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 into
                 Tanagria
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 join'd
                 with
                 new
                 Supplies
                 from
                 Athens
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 
                 of
                 Hipponicus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Callias
                 :
                 Both
                 these
                 together
                 proceeded
                 in
                 wasting
                 and
                 spoiling
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Thebans
                 came
                 out
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Athenians
                 routed
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 .
                 When
                 all
                 was
                 over
                 ,
                 Hipponicus
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 return'd
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 Nicias
                 to
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ;
                 who
                 sailing
                 along
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Locris
                 ,
                 wasts
                 and
                 destroys
                 many
                 Places
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea-shoar
                 .
                 Here
                 Forty
                 Ships
                 came
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 from
                 the
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 which
                 (
                 with
                 those
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 )
                 made
                 up
                 a
                 Navy
                 of
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Sail
                 ;
                 he
                 had
                 likewise
                 a
                 brave
                 Army
                 of
                 Land
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 he
                 made
                 for
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 and
                 landing
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 engaged
                 with
                 the
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 ,
                 beat
                 them
                 twice
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 
                 the
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 erected
                 a
                 Trophy
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Fight
                 there
                 were
                 kill'd
                 only
                 Eight
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 but
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 of
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 .
                 Thence
                 he
                 sail'd
                 toward
                 *
                 Cremmion
                 ,
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 Castle
                 by
                 Assault
                 .
                 Presently
                 after
                 ,
                 he
                 marches
                 back
                 ,
                 Fortifying
                 the
                 Castle
                 in
                 †
                 Methone
                 by
                 the
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 put
                 in
                 a
                 strong
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 wasted
                 the
                 Country
                 adjoining
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 (
                 spoiling
                 and
                 harrasing
                 all
                 along
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea-Coast
                 )
                 return'd
                 to
                 Athens
                 .
                 Not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 sent
                 forth
                 Threescore
                 Sail
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 Two
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 at
                 Arms
                 against
                 *
                 Cythera
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 command
                 of
                 Nicias
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 landed
                 his
                 Men
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 the
                 City
                 after
                 a
                 short
                 Siege
                 surrendred
                 ,
                 and
                 leaving
                 there
                 a
                 good
                 Garrison
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 he
                 passed
                 over
                 to
                 Pelōponesus
                 ,
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Country
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 †
                 Thyre
                 (
                 situated
                 between
                 the
                 Consines
                 of
                 Laconia
                 and
                 Argos
                 )
                 by
                 Assault
                 ,
                 and
                 demolish'd
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 Captives
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Aeginetes
                 who
                 inhabited
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 Tantalus
                 the
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 Prisoners
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 detain'd
                 with
                 other
                 Prisoners
                 .
              
               
                 Whilst
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 acting
                 ,
                 the
                 Megareans
                 now
                 tir'd
                 out
                 with
                 the
                 War
                 they
                 had
                 both
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 their
                 Exiles
                 (
                 after
                 many
                 Messages
                 backwards
                 and
                 forwards
                 between
                 the
                 two
                 Cities
                 ,
                 )
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 of
                 Megara
                 (
                 incens'd
                 against
                 the
                 Exiles
                 )
                 promis'd
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Commanders
                 to
                 betray
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 Hippocrates
                 and
                 Demosthenes
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Generals
                 (
                 by
                 Compact
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 Megara
                 )
                 sent
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 Six
                 Hundred
                 Souldiers
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 Traitors
                 let
                 in
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Treachery
                 being
                 discover'd
                 ,
                 the
                 
                 People
                 were
                 divided
                 into
                 Two
                 Factions
                 ,
                 one
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 accord
                 made
                 Proclamation
                 ,
                 that
                 whosoever
                 would
                 ,
                 might
                 join
                 with
                 the
                 Megareans
                 and
                 Athethenians
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 thus
                 deserted
                 by
                 them
                 of
                 Megara
                 ,
                 the
                 Watch
                 which
                 was
                 all
                 along
                 upon
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 left
                 their
                 station
                 ,
                 and
                 fled
                 into
                 the
                 Arsinal
                 call'd
                 Nicea
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Megareans
                 kept
                 all
                 their
                 Naval
                 Stores
                 and
                 Provisions
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 intrench'd
                 round
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 Castle
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 sending
                 for
                 Workmen
                 from
                 Athens
                 ,
                 compass'd
                 in
                 Nicea
                 with
                 a
                 Wall.
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 fearing
                 they
                 should
                 all
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Place
                 were
                 taken
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 delivered
                 up
                 Nicea
                 upon
                 Conditions
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 Thus
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Megara
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Brasidas
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 rais'd
                 in
                 Sparta
                 and
                 other
                 Parts
                 of
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 marcht
                 to
                 Megara
                 ,
                 and
                 drave
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 surprized
                 with
                 this
                 suddain
                 and
                 unexpected
                 approach
                 )
                 out
                 of
                 Nicea
                 ,
                 and
                 reduc'd
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 its
                 former
                 obedience
                 
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 marched
                 through
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 Dion
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 .
                 Thence
                 going
                 on
                 to
                 Acanthus
                 ,
                 he
                 assisted
                 the
                 Chalcedeans
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 by
                 Threats
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 by
                 fair
                 and
                 plausible
                 Arguments
                 ,
                 wrought
                 upon
                 the
                 chief
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Acanthians
                 to
                 desert
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 brought
                 over
                 many
                 other
                 of
                 the
                 Thracians
                 to
                 join
                 as
                 Confederates
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ;
                 and
                 henceforward
                 desiring
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 War
                 with
                 more
                 Vigour
                 ,
                 sent
                 for
                 Soldiers
                 out
                 of
                 Lacedemon
                 to
                 strengthen
                 his
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Spartans
                 hereupon
                 sent
                 to
                 him
                 a
                 Thousand
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Souldiers
                 amongst
                 the
                 *
                 Helots
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 had
                 long
                 before
                 design'd
                 to
                 root
                 out
                 ,
                 hoping
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 would
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 :
                 And
                 there
                 was
                 another
                 vile
                 act
                 of
                 cruelty
                 committed
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 determin'd
                 utterly
                 to
                 destroy
                 all
                 the
                 Helots
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 Proclamation
                 that
                 whosoever
                 of
                 the
                 Helots
                 had
                 done
                 any
                 service
                 for
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 made
                 Free
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 they
                 should
                 send
                 in
                 their
                 Names
                 :
                 When
                 Two
                 Thousand
                 had
                 writ
                 their
                 Names
                 ,
                 they
                 order'd
                 the
                 most
                 powerful
                 and
                 chief
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 to
                 cut
                 all
                 the
                 Helots
                 Throats
                 in
                 their
                 several
                 Houses
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 great
                 dread
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 lest
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 an
                 opportunity
                 they
                 should
                 join
                 with
                 their
                 Enemies
                 and
                 so
                 be
                 instrumental
                 to
                 the
                 ruin
                 of
                 Sparta
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 when
                 these
                 Helots
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 other
                 supplies
                 from
                 their
                 Confederates
                 join'd
                 with
                 Brasidas
                 ,
                 his
                 Army
                 was
                 very
                 Strong
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 strengthen'd
                 he
                 March'd
                 
                 his
                 Forces
                 to
                 
                   Amphipolis
                   .
                   Aristogoras
                
                 the
                 Milesian
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 brought
                 Colonies
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 when
                 he
                 fled
                 from
                 Darius
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 .
                 But
                 after
                 Aristogoras
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 were
                 ejected
                 by
                 the
                 Thracians
                 call'd
                 Edones
                 .
                 Two
                 and
                 Thirty
                 Years
                 after
                 the
                 Athenians
                 sent
                 thither
                 a
                 Colony
                 of
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 Men.
                 But
                 these
                 being
                 destroy'd
                 by
                 the
                 Thracians
                 at
                 Drabiscum
                 two
                 Years
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 Thracians
                 recover'd
                 the
                 City
                 under
                 Apion
                 ,
                 their
                 General
                 .
                 This
                 City
                 subject
                 to
                 so
                 frequent
                 changes
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 Brasidas
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 business
                 to
                 subdue
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 marching
                 thither
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 encamp'd
                 at
                 the
                 Bridge
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Suburbs
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 they
                 of
                 
                 Amphipolis
                 being
                 greatly
                 terrify'd
                 ,
                 surrendred
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 upon
                 conditions
                 that
                 all
                 
                 that
                 would
                 ,
                 might
                 leave
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 their
                 effects
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 soon
                 after
                 he
                 took
                 in
                 many
                 other
                 neighbouring
                 Cities
                 ,
                 amongst
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 chief
                 were
                 Sime
                 and
                 Galepsus
                 ,
                 both
                 Colonies
                 of
                 the
                 Thracians
                 ,
                 and
                 Myrcinus
                 a
                 Town
                 of
                 the
                 Edones
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 likewise
                 fell
                 a
                 building
                 new
                 Ships
                 at
                 the
                 River
                 Strymon
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 for
                 fresh
                 Supplies
                 from
                 Lacedemonia
                 and
                 other
                 Confederates
                 .
                 He
                 also
                 caus'd
                 great
                 store
                 of
                 Arms
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 arm'd
                 the
                 new
                 rais'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 himself
                 with
                 Darts
                 ,
                 Weapons
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Provisions
                 .
                 And
                 being
                 thus
                 compleatly
                 provided
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 from
                 Amphipolis
                 ,
                 and
                 encamp'd
                 at
                 a
                 Place
                 call'd
                 *
                 Acte
                 .
                 Here
                 were
                 Five
                 of
                 the
                 Towns
                 partly
                 inhabited
                 by
                 Grecians
                 of
                 Andros
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 by
                 a
                 mixt
                 multitude
                 of
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 descended
                 from
                 the
                 †
                 Bissalte
                 ,
                 People
                 of
                 a
                 double
                 Tongue
                 .
                 Having
                 brought
                 these
                 under
                 his
                 Power
                 ,
                 he
                 fell
                 upon
                 Toron
                 ,
                 built
                 by
                 the
                 Chalcideans
                 ,
                 but
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 Here
                 by
                 the
                 Treachery
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 he
                 was
                 let
                 into
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 won
                 Toron
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 far
                 the
                 Expedition
                 of
                 Brasidas
                 prosper'd
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Battel
                 fought
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 
                 at
                 Delium
                 in
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Beotians
                 upon
                 the
                 accounts
                 following
                 :
                 The
                 then
                 present
                 Government
                 in
                 Beotia
                 was
                 displeasing
                 to
                 some
                 ,
                 who
                 desir'd
                 to
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 Democracy
                 in
                 the
                 Cities
                 .
                 These
                 Malecontents
                 
                 discovered
                 their
                 Designs
                 to
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Generals
                 ,
                 Hippocrates
                 and
                 Demosthenes
                 ,
                 and
                 engaged
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 the
                 Cities
                 in
                 Beotia
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 welcome
                 Overture
                 to
                 the
                 Commanders
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 the
                 Business
                 might
                 the
                 better
                 be
                 effected
                 ,
                 they
                 divided
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 Demosthenes
                 with
                 the
                 greater
                 part
                 made
                 an
                 incursion
                 into
                 Beotia
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Beotians
                 being
                 well
                 prepared
                 ,
                 having
                 had
                 notice
                 of
                 the
                 Treachery
                 ,
                 he
                 marcht
                 back
                 without
                 doing
                 any
                 thing
                 .
                 Hippocrates
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 invaded
                 Delium
                 ,
                 possessed
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 March
                 of
                 the
                 Beotians
                 that
                 way
                 ,
                 fortify'd
                 Delium
                 with
                 a
                 Wall
                 ;
                 which
                 lies
                 near
                 to
                 Oropia
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 Beotia
                 lying
                 towards
                 the
                 Mountains
                 .
                 But
                 Pantoedas
                 the
                 Beotian
                 General
                 ,
                 gathered
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 choicest
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 and
                 a
                 swift
                 March
                 made
                 for
                 Delium
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 little
                 less
                 than
                 Twenty
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 were
                 more
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 so
                 well
                 arm'd
                 ;
                 for
                 coming
                 hastily
                 and
                 suddenly
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 many
                 were
                 ill
                 furnished
                 ,
                 both
                 as
                 to
                 Arms
                 and
                 other
                 Necessaries
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 condition
                 of
                 
                 both
                 Armies
                 ,
                 yet
                 very
                 hot
                 and
                 eager
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 to
                 fight
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 Beotians
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 ,
                 the
                 Orchomeans
                 in
                 the
                 Left
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Beotians
                 in
                 the
                 main
                 Body
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 were
                 call'd
                 Heniochans
                 and
                 Paraebates
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 the
                 Charioteers
                 ,
                 or
                 those
                 that
                 fought
                 in
                 Chariots
                 ,
                 were
                 plac'd
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 ;
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 best
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 in
                 number
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 join
                 Battel
                 ,
                 before
                 they
                 were
                 perfectly
                 drawn
                 up
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 was
                 fought
                 with
                 great
                 Courage
                 and
                 Resolution
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
                 The
                 Athenian
                 Horse
                 charg'd
                 with
                 that
                 Bravery
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 beginning
                 they
                 put
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Horse
                 to
                 flight
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 Foot
                 engaged
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Army
                 that
                 opposed
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Charge
                 were
                 quite
                 broken
                 in
                 pieces
                 and
                 routed
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 chas'd
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Beotians
                 ,
                 and
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 a
                 long
                 way
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 (
                 being
                 strong
                 Bodied
                 Men
                 )
                 left
                 the
                 chase
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 other
                 Pursuers
                 ,
                 hew'd
                 them
                 down
                 ,
                 dispers'd
                 and
                 utterly
                 routed
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 thus
                 the
                 Thebans
                 highly
                 advanc'd
                 their
                 Reputation
                 by
                 this
                 signal
                 Victory
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 fled
                 to
                 Oropus
                 ,
                 others
                 to
                 Delium
                 ;
                 some
                 made
                 to
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 fled
                 every
                 way
                 ,
                 as
                 their
                 Lot
                 and
                 Fortune
                 led
                 them
                 ,
                 till
                 Night
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 Pursuit
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 not
                 
                 above
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 of
                 the
                 Beotians
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 but
                 many
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 Night
                 had
                 not
                 come
                 on
                 ,
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 had
                 been
                 cut
                 off
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 sav'd
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 a
                 check
                 to
                 the
                 fury
                 of
                 the
                 Conquerors
                 .
                 Yet
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Slain
                 was
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 that
                 with
                 the
                 Price
                 of
                 the
                 Spoils
                 the
                 Thebans
                 built
                 a
                 great
                 Walk
                 or
                 Gallery
                 in
                 the
                 Forum
                 ,
                 and
                 adorn'd
                 it
                 with
                 many
                 *
                 Statues
                 of
                 Brass
                 ;
                 and
                 even
                 cover'd
                 over
                 the
                 Temples
                 with
                 Brass
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 publick
                 Buildings
                 in
                 the
                 Market
                 Place
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Arms
                 and
                 Shields
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 And
                 with
                 the
                 Riches
                 got
                 in
                 this
                 Fight
                 ,
                 they
                 set
                 up
                 Sports
                 and
                 Shews
                 at
                 Delium
                 .
              
               
               
                 After
                 this
                 Victory
                 ,
                 the
                 Beotians
                 assaulted
                 Delium
                 with
                 that
                 fury
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 greater
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Garrison
                 were
                 kill'd
                 in
                 defending
                 the
                 Place
                 .
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 only
                 were
                 taken
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 escaped
                 to
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 other
                 Inhabitants
                 came
                 to
                 Athens
                 .
                 Into
                 this
                 Disaster
                 fell
                 the
                 Athenians
                 by
                 their
                 crafty
                 Designs
                 against
                 the
                 Beotians
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 
                   Asia
                   ,
                   Xerxes
                
                 the
                 Persian
                 King
                 died
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 reigned
                 one
                 Year
                 ,
                 some
                 say
                 only
                 Two
                 Months
                 .
                 To
                 him
                 succeeded
                 Sogdianus
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 only
                 of
                 Seven
                 Months
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 Darius
                 injoy'd
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 Nineteen
                 Years
                 .
                 With
                 
                 this
                 Year
                 Antiochus
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 the
                 noble
                 Writer
                 of
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ends
                 his
                 History
                 ,
                 beginning
                 at
                 King
                 Cocalus
                 ,
                 and
                 consisting
                 of
                 Nine
                 Books
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Amyntas
                 was
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 
                   Athens
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Papirius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Lucius
                 
                 Julius
                 were
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 .
                 In
                 their
                 time
                 the
                 Scioneans
                 now
                 slighting
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 late
                 Defeat
                 given
                 them
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 defection
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 up
                 their
                 City
                 into
                 the
                 protection
                 of
                 Brasidas
                 ,
                 then
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 in
                 Thrace
                 .
                 And
                 those
                 who
                 escap'd
                 out
                 of
                 Lesbos
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 Mitylene
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 no
                 small
                 Number
                 )
                 (
                 some
                 time
                 before
                 contriving
                 how
                 to
                 return
                 into
                 their
                 Country
                 )
                 join'd
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 Antandrus
                 ;
                 from
                 whence
                 taking
                 their
                 opportunity
                 ,
                 they
                 issued
                 forth
                 and
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Garrison
                 at
                 Mitylene
                 :
                 At
                 which
                 the
                 Athenians
                 being
                 incens'd
                 ,
                 command
                 was
                 given
                 to
                 Aristides
                 and
                 Symmachus
                 ,
                 to
                 lead
                 the
                 Army
                 against
                 
                 them
                 ;
                 who
                 having
                 passed
                 over
                 the
                 Forces
                 into
                 Lesbos
                 ,
                 after
                 some
                 few
                 Assaults
                 ,
                 took
                 Antandrus
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Exiles
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 expelled
                 the
                 rest
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 And
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 strenghned
                 the
                 Place
                 with
                 a
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 they
                 departed
                 from
                 Lesbos
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 Lamachus
                 ,
                 with
                 Ten
                 Ships
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 ,
                 Sail'd
                 for
                 Pontus
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 with
                 his
                 Fleet
                 at
                 Heraclea
                 ,
                 and
                 near
                 the
                 River
                 Cacheta
                 ,
                 lost
                 all
                 his
                 Ships
                 .
                 For
                 abundance
                 of
                 Rain
                 falling
                 ,
                 the
                 Rain
                 by
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 the
                 Stream
                 ,
                 dash'd
                 in
                 Pieces
                 all
                 the
                 Vessels
                 against
                 the
                 Rocks
                 lying
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Athenians
                 made
                 a
                 Truce
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 
                 for
                 a
                 Year
                 ,
                 upon
                 these
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 that
                 was
                 then
                 under
                 the
                 Power
                 and
                 Government
                 of
                 each
                 other
                 ,
                 should
                 so
                 remain
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
                 And
                 after
                 several
                 Debates
                 and
                 Consultations
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 Judged
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 wisest
                 course
                 to
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 destructive
                 Contentions
                 between
                 themselves
                 for
                 ever
                 after
                 .
                 That
                 which
                 chiefly
                 mov'd
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 was
                 the
                 earnest
                 desire
                 they
                 had
                 to
                 release
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 taken
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 Sphacteria
                 .
                 Thus
                 far
                 the
                 Truce
                 went
                 on
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 agree
                 concerning
                 Scione
                 ,
                 though
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 were
                 consented
                 to
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
                 The
                 Contention
                 was
                 so
                 hot
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 
                 further
                 overtures
                 of
                 Peace
                 were
                 at
                 an
                 end
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 War
                 was
                 still
                 carry'd
                 on
                 upon
                 the
                 Account
                 of
                 Scione
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 City
                 Menda
                 fell
                 off
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 which
                 caused
                 
                 a
                 greater
                 heat
                 and
                 resolution
                 for
                 the
                 keeping
                 of
                 Scione
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 Brasidas
                 remov'd
                 all
                 the
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 best
                 Goods
                 out
                 of
                 Scione
                 and
                 Menda
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 strong
                 Garrisons
                 into
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 were
                 so
                 enraged
                 at
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 Decree
                 to
                 put
                 all
                 the
                 Sciones
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 when
                 ever
                 they
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 they
                 sent
                 Nicias
                 and
                 Nicostrates
                 with
                 Fifty
                 Sail
                 against
                 them
                 :
                 
                 They
                 first
                 set
                 upon
                 Menda
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 took
                 by
                 the
                 Treachery
                 of
                 some
                 within
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 Besieg'd
                 Scione
                 ,
                 compassing
                 it
                 round
                 with
                 a
                 Wall
                 ,
                 and
                 press'd
                 upon
                 
                 it
                 with
                 continual
                 Assaults
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Garrison
                 in
                 Scione
                 being
                 very
                 strong
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 provided
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 ,
                 easily
                 defended
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 greatly
                 gall'd
                 the
                 Besiegers
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 things
                 done
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Year
                 following
                 ,
                 Alceus
                 governing
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Opicter
                   Lucretius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Sergius
                
                 *
                 
                   Fideniates
                   ,
                   Roman
                
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 cast
                 the
                 Delians
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Hands
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 kept
                 secret
                 correspondence
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 alledg'd
                 )
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 Being
                 thus
                 expuls'd
                 ,
                 Pharnaces
                 the
                 Persian
                 Lord
                 Lieutenant
                 gave
                 them
                 the
                 City
                 †
                 Adramyttium
                 to
                 inhabit
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 sent
                 forth
                 Cleon
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Body
                 of
                 Foot
                 unto
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ;
                 who
                 arriving
                 at
                 Scione
                 ,
                 shipt
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 lay
                 before
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 sail'd
                 with
                 them
                 to
                 Torona
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 intelligence
                 that
                 Brasidas
                 was
                 gone
                 from
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 left
                 but
                 few
                 Soldiers
                 at
                 Torona
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 Place
                 ,
                 he
                 approached
                 as
                 close
                 as
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 and
                 besieged
                 it
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 ;
                 at
                 length
                 he
                 took
                 it
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 the
                 Women
                 
                 and
                 Children
                 Captives
                 ;
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 he
                 bound
                 in
                 Chains
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 them
                 to
                 Athens
                 ;
                 having
                 left
                 at
                 Torona
                 a
                 small
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Forces
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Strymon
                 in
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 Scione
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 distant
                 Thirty
                 Stages
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 Amphipolis
                 )
                 which
                 he
                 fiercely
                 assaulted
                 .
                 But
                 here
                 having
                 intelligence
                 that
                 Brasidas
                 incamp'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 at
                 Amphipolis
                 ,
                 he
                 makes
                 against
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 swift
                 March
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 inform'd
                 of
                 the
                 approach
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 sets
                 forth
                 in
                 Battalia
                 to
                 meet
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 they
                 presently
                 join'd
                 Battel
                 ,
                 the
                 Victory
                 continuing
                 very
                 doubtful
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 where
                 it
                 would
                 fall
                 ,
                 both
                 sides
                 bravely
                 behaving
                 themselves
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Generals
                 
                 fought
                 with
                 that
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 each
                 would
                 gain
                 the
                 Victory
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Hands
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Officers
                 themselves
                 ,
                 with
                 undaunted
                 Courage
                 rush'd
                 into
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 many
                 brave
                 Men
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 breathed
                 out
                 their
                 last
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 Brasidas
                 fell
                 in
                 the
                 Bed
                 of
                 Honour
                 ,
                 amongst
                 Heaps
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 slain
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Hand
                 .
                 Cleon
                 likewise
                 was
                 slain
                 in
                 the
                 thickest
                 of
                 the
                 Combatants
                 :
                 And
                 now
                 both
                 Armies
                 were
                 at
                 a
                 stand
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 Consternation
                 at
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 their
                 Generals
                 ;
                 but
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 got
                 the
                 day
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 Trophy
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Athenians
                 upon
                 a
                 Truce
                 made
                 ,
                 bury'd
                 their
                 Dead
                 ,
                 and
                 sail'd
                 back
                 to
                 Athens
                 .
                 When
                 some
                 who
                 return'd
                 to
                 Lacedemon
                 gave
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 and
                 Death
                 of
                 Brasidas
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 reported
                 that
                 his
                 Mother
                 
                 asked
                 how
                 he
                 behaved
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 Battel
                 .
                 To
                 whom
                 Answer
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   went
                   beyond
                   all
                   the
                
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 she
                 replied
                 ,
                 
                   Her
                   Son
                
                 Brasidas
                 
                   was
                   an
                   Honest
                   and
                   Good
                   Man
                   ,
                   but
                   much
                   inferiour
                   to
                   many
                   other
                
                 Spartans
                 
                   in
                   Valour
                
                 .
                 What
                 she
                 said
                 being
                 nois'd
                 through
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 the
                 Ephori
                 decreed
                 her
                 publick
                 Honours
                 ,
                 because
                 she
                 prefer'd
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 her
                 Country
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 particular
                 praise
                 of
                 her
                 Son.
                 After
                 this
                 Battel
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 determin'd
                 to
                 make
                 
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 for
                 Fifty
                 Years
                 ,
                 and
                 did
                 so
                 upon
                 these
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 should
                 be
                 discharg'd
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Cities
                 taken
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 should
                 be
                 restored
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 the
                 Peloponesian
                 War
                 that
                 had
                 now
                 continu'd
                 
                 Ten
                 Years
                 ,
                 was
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 ended
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VIII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   continuance
                   of
                   the
                   Peloponesian
                   War.
                   The
                   War
                   by
                   the
                   Romans
                   against
                   the
                   Fidinates
                   for
                   putting
                   their
                   Ambassadors
                   to
                   death
                   .
                   The
                   Quarrels
                   between
                   the
                   Aegistines
                   and
                   the
                   Seluntines
                   in
                   Sicily
                   .
                   The
                   Expedition
                   of
                   the
                   Athenians
                   against
                   Sicily
                   under
                   Nicias
                   ,
                   being
                   the
                   Sixteenth
                   Year
                   of
                   the
                   Peloponesian
                   War.
                   
                
              
               
                 ARiston
                 was
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Romans
                 committed
                 the
                 Consulship
                 
                 to
                 
                   Titus
                   Quintius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Aulus
                   Cornelius
                   Cossus
                
                 .
                 The
                 Peloponesian
                 War
                 was
                 scarcely
                 ended
                 ,
                 when
                 new
                 Commotions
                 and
                 Dissentions
                 broke
                 out
                 afresh
                 ,
                 occasion'd
                 as
                 follows
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 and
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 common
                 Consent
                 of
                 all
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 had
                 enter'd
                 into
                 Terms
                 of
                 Truce
                 and
                 Peace
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 they
                 privately
                 confederated
                 in
                 a
                 League
                 Offensive
                 and
                 Defensive
                 ,
                 without
                 taking
                 in
                 the
                 Cities
                 that
                 had
                 sided
                 with
                 either
                 Party
                 ;
                 which
                 rais'd
                 a
                 suspicion
                 as
                 if
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Design
                 laid
                 by
                 this
                 secret
                 Association
                 to
                 inslave
                 all
                 
                 Greece
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Cities
                 in
                 Greece
                 sent
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 enter'd
                 into
                 mutual
                 Leagues
                 to
                 join
                 together
                 against
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 and
                 Athenians
                 .
                 The
                 most
                 potent
                 Grecian
                 Cities
                 in
                 this
                 Confederacy
                 were
                 Four
                 ,
                 
                   Argos
                   ,
                   Thebes
                   ,
                   Corinth
                
                 and
                 Elis.
                 And
                 indeed
                 there
                 was
                 some
                 reason
                 to
                 suspect
                 these
                 Two
                 Cities
                 had
                 some
                 Design
                 against
                 Greece
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Articles
                 of
                 the
                 League
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Clause
                 superjoyn'd
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 lawful
                 for
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 Lacedemonians
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 when
                 they
                 thought
                 fit
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 add
                 to
                 ,
                 or
                 take
                 any
                 thing
                 from
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 before
                 solemnly
                 agreed
                 to
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 had
                 created
                 Ten
                 Magistrates
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 invested
                 with
                 full
                 power
                 to
                 manage
                 all
                 Affairs
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 whereas
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 did
                 
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 very
                 evident
                 at
                 what
                 the
                 insatiable
                 Ambition
                 of
                 the
                 Two
                 Cities
                 pointed
                 .
                 Many
                 therefore
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 now
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 common
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 considering
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 Athens
                 to
                 be
                 low
                 ,
                 by
                 their
                 late
                 overthrow
                 at
                 Delium
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 honour
                 and
                 glory
                 of
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 much
                 diminished
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Captives
                 of
                 the
                 noblest
                 of
                 their
                 Citizens
                 taken
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 Sphacteria
                 ,
                 they
                 conspir'd
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 committed
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 power
                 and
                 management
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 Argos
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 ancient
                 noble
                 Actions
                 done
                 by
                 that
                 City
                 ,
                 challeng'd
                 above
                 all
                 others
                 that
                 preeminence
                 and
                 prerogative
                 ;
                 for
                 long
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 migration
                 of
                 the
                 Heraclidae
                 into
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 Kings
                 of
                 Greece
                 came
                 out
                 of
                 Argos
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 besides
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 a
                 long
                 Peace
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 grown
                 very
                 rich
                 and
                 populous
                 .
              
               
                 Argos
                 now
                 concluding
                 that
                 the
                 chief
                 Command
                 was
                 lodg'd
                 in
                 themselves
                 ,
                 pickt
                 out
                 a
                 Thousand
                 of
                 the
                 strongest
                 young
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 best
                 ability
                 for
                 Estates
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 freed
                 from
                 all
                 publick
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 maintain'd
                 at
                 the
                 common
                 Charge
                 .
                 These
                 were
                 continually
                 by
                 daily
                 Exercise
                 ,
                 to
                 inure
                 themselves
                 to
                 Martial
                 Discipline
                 :
                 
                 And
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 a
                 plentiful
                 allowance
                 ,
                 and
                 constant
                 care
                 and
                 diligence
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 they
                 became
                 most
                 expert
                 Souldiers
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 perceiv'd
                 all
                 Peloponesus
                 had
                 conspir'd
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 foreseeing
                 the
                 greatness
                 and
                 danger
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 preparation
                 for
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 was
                 possible
                 .
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 ,
                 they
                 
                 manumitted
                 a
                 Thousand
                 of
                 the
                 Helots
                 that
                 were
                 with
                 Brasidas
                 :
                 And
                 afterwards
                 they
                 restored
                 the
                 Citizens
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 Priviledges
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 in
                 Sphacteria
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 had
                 before
                 degraded
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 disgrace
                 they
                 had
                 brought
                 upon
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 Moreover
                 they
                 brought
                 in
                 many
                 who
                 had
                 formerly
                 done
                 great
                 Service
                 in
                 the
                 Wars
                 ,
                 by
                 crying
                 them
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 feeding
                 them
                 by
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 to
                 incourage
                 them
                 to
                 shew
                 the
                 like
                 instances
                 of
                 their
                 Valour
                 in
                 the
                 hazards
                 of
                 the
                 approaching
                 War.
                 They
                 carried
                 themselves
                 likewise
                 with
                 more
                 kindness
                 towards
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 strove
                 to
                 gain
                 and
                 win
                 by
                 courtesie
                 and
                 civility
                 ,
                 those
                 they
                 had
                 disoblig'd
                 and
                 alienated
                 from
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 went
                 a
                 quite
                 contrary
                 way
                 ;
                 for
                 conceiving
                 that
                 those
                 whom
                 
                 they
                 suspected
                 to
                 be
                 false
                 ,
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 discourag'd
                 by
                 fear
                 of
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 they
                 put
                 them
                 in
                 mind
                 of
                 that
                 severe
                 Revenge
                 taken
                 in
                 the
                 business
                 of
                 †
                 Scione
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 when
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 taken
                 ,
                 they
                 put
                 all
                 the
                 Men
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 all
                 the
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 as
                 Captives
                 ,
                 and
                 planted
                 the
                 Island
                 with
                 the
                 Plateans
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 banish'd
                 their
                 Country
                 for
                 their
                 faithfulness
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Campanians
                 in
                 Italy
                 march'd
                 against
                 Cuma
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 routed
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Cumeans
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 several
                 Assaults
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 took
                 it
                 by
                 force
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 
                 plunder'd
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 as
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 they
                 repeopled
                 it
                 with
                 Colonies
                 sent
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 chief
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 was
                 
                   Aristophilus
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Quintius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 
                   Aulus
                   Sempronius
                
                 ,
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 of
                 Elis
                 celebrated
                 the
                 Ninetieth
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Hiperbius
                 the
                 Syracusian
                 was
                 crown'd
                 with
                 Victory
                 .
                 And
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 by
                 command
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 restor'd
                 the
                 Island
                 Delos
                 to
                 the
                 Deleans
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 that
                 inhabited
                 Attramitium
                 in
                 Delium
                 ,
                 return'd
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 because
                 Pylus
                 was
                 not
                 given
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 the
                 War
                 began
                 to
                 break
                 out
                 afresh
                 between
                 the
                 Two
                 Cities
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 understood
                 by
                 them
                 of
                 Argos
                 ,
                 they
                 enter'd
                 into
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 breach
                 growing
                 wider
                 and
                 wider
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 perswaded
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 ,
                 that
                 leaving
                 their
                 Association
                 with
                 the
                 Confederate
                 Cities
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 condition
                 and
                 confusion
                 of
                 Affairs
                 stood
                 Peloponesus
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 other
                 Places
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Bounds
                 of
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Aenians
                   ,
                   Dolopeans
                
                 and
                 Melcans
                 ,
                 confederated
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 upon
                 *
                 Heraclea
                 in
                 Trachinia
                 .
                 The
                 Heracleans
                 march'd
                 against
                 them
                 with
                 great
                 Forces
                 ,
                 wherewith
                 they
                 bravely
                 fought
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 totally
                 routed
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Army
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 by
                 Flight
                 got
                 within
                 their
                 Walls
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Beotians
                 for
                 aid
                 ,
                 who
                 sent
                 them
                 a
                 Thousand
                 of
                 heavy
                 arm'd
                 Men
                 from
                 Thebes
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 assistance
                 they
                 repell'd
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Olyntheans
                 .
                 
                 made
                 an
                 Expedition
                 against
                 the
                 City
                 *
                 Micyberna
                 ,
                 then
                 a
                 Garrison
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 forc'd
                 out
                 the
                 Guards
                 there
                 ,
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 .
              
               
                 Archias
                 was
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Papyrius
                   Mugillanus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Servilius
                
                 
                 Structus
                 ,
                 were
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Argives
                 proclaim'd
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 neglected
                 to
                 offer
                 the
                 usual
                 Frankincense
                 to
                 
                   Apollo
                   Pythius
                
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Alcibiades
                 the
                 Athenian
                 General
                 came
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Argos
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 the
                 Argives
                 being
                 Forc'd
                 ,
                 invaded
                 Troezena
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 was
                 Confederated
                 with
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 burnt
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Towns
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 they
                 return'd
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 being
                 greatly
                 inrag'd
                 at
                 the
                 Injuries
                 done
                 against
                 all
                 Law
                 and
                 Justice
                 to
                 them
                 of
                 Troezena
                 ,
                 denounce
                 War
                 against
                 Argos
                 ;
                 in
                 prosecution
                 whereof
                 ,
                 they
                 rais'd
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 thereof
                 made
                 Agis
                 their
                 King
                 ,
                 General
                 ,
                 who
                 march'd
                 with
                 all
                 
                 speed
                 against
                 the
                 Argives
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 spoil
                 and
                 havock
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 made
                 up
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 offer'd
                 them
                 Battel
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Argives
                 being
                 join'd
                 with
                 Three
                 Thousand
                 of
                 the
                 Eleans
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Mantineans
                 ,
                 march'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 just
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 ready
                 to
                 joyn
                 Battel
                 ,
                 the
                 Generals
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 by
                 their
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 Truce
                 for
                 Four
                 Months
                 ;
                 so
                 both
                 Armies
                 return'd
                 ,
                 without
                 doing
                 any
                 thing
                 :
                 But
                 both
                 the
                 Cities
                 were
                 incens'd
                 at
                 the
                 Authors
                 of
                 the
                 Truce
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 they
                 of
                 Argos
                 cast
                 Stones
                 at
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 order'd
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 ;
                 which
                 had
                 been
                 executed
                 if
                 by
                 great
                 intercession
                 their
                 Lives
                 had
                 not
                 been
                 spared
                 ;
                 but
                 their
                 Goods
                 were
                 confiscated
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Houses
                 pull'd
                 down
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Lucedemonians
                 also
                 intended
                 to
                 have
                 put
                 Agis
                 to
                 Death
                 ;
                 but
                 upon
                 his
                 
                 promise
                 to
                 wipe
                 off
                 the
                 stain
                 of
                 the
                 late
                 miscarriage
                 by
                 his
                 future
                 Services
                 ,
                 with
                 much
                 adoe
                 he
                 was
                 spar'd
                 .
                 However
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 ,
                 they
                 join'd
                 with
                 him
                 Ten
                 Persons
                 ,
                 approv'd
                 for
                 their
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 without
                 whose
                 Advice
                 he
                 was
                 strictly
                 charg'd
                 not
                 to
                 do
                 any
                 thing
                 for
                 the
                 time
                 to
                 come
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Athenians
                 had
                 sent
                 forth
                 a
                 Thousand
                 well-arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Horse
                 by
                 Sea
                 to
                 them
                 of
                 Argos
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 command
                 of
                 Nichetes
                 
                 and
                 Nichostratus
                 (
                 to
                 whom
                 Alcibiades
                 join'd
                 himself
                 (
                 though
                 then
                 in
                 no
                 command
                 )
                 for
                 the
                 great
                 love
                 and
                 kindness
                 he
                 bore
                 towards
                 the
                 Mantineans
                 and
                 
                   Eleans
                   ,
                
                 )
                 the
                 Argives
                 in
                 a
                 common
                 Assembly
                 decreed
                 ,
                 that
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 former
                 Agreement
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 make
                 it
                 their
                 business
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 War
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Power
                 .
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 all
                 the
                 Officers
                 incouraged
                 every
                 one
                 their
                 own
                 Souldiers
                 ;
                 who
                 readily
                 and
                 heartily
                 follow'd
                 their
                 Leaders
                 ,
                 and
                 encamp'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 There
                 it
                 was
                 concluded
                 to
                 be
                 most
                 advisable
                 to
                 begin
                 first
                 with
                 an
                 Expedition
                 against
                 Orchomenia
                 in
                 Arcadia
                 .
                 To
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 having
                 advanced
                 into
                 Arcadia
                 ,
                 they
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 wearled
                 it
                 out
                 with
                 
                 daily
                 Assaults
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 taken
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 they
                 march'd
                 to
                 Tegea
                 ,
                 determining
                 to
                 force
                 that
                 likewise
                 .
                 The
                 Tegeans
                 desiring
                 speedy
                 aid
                 from
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 they
                 with
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 their
                 whole
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 made
                 for
                 Mantinea
                 ,
                 conceiving
                 that
                 by
                 Besieging
                 of
                 that
                 ,
                 a
                 stop
                 would
                 be
                 easily
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Tegea
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Mantineans
                 (
                 being
                 inforc'd
                 by
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 )
                 march'd
                 out
                 with
                 the
                 Youth
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 an
                 Army
                 in
                 the
                 Field
                 ready
                 to
                 oppose
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 Presently
                 hereupon
                 Battel
                 was
                 joyn'd
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 select
                 Band
                 of
                 the
                 Argives
                 (
                 consisting
                 of
                 a
                 Thousand
                 well
                 disciplin'd
                 and
                 expert
                 Souldiers
                 )
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 put
                 the
                 Enemy
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 in
                 the
                 Pursuit
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 returning
                 from
                 
                 the
                 Pursuit
                 and
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 those
                 they
                 had
                 routed
                 in
                 another
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Conquering
                 Argives
                 ,
                 and
                 surrounding
                 them
                 ,
                 made
                 no
                 question
                 but
                 to
                 cut
                 them
                 off
                 every
                 Man
                 :
                 And
                 whereas
                 these
                 brave
                 Men
                 ,
                 although
                 far
                 inferior
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 prevail'd
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 measure
                 against
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 King
                 (
                 being
                 earnest
                 to
                 perform
                 his
                 Promise
                 to
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 wipe
                 off
                 the
                 stain
                 of
                 his
                 former
                 disgrace
                 by
                 some
                 great
                 and
                 remarkable
                 Action
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 ran
                 through
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Difficulties
                 in
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 kill'd
                 them
                 all
                 upon
                 the
                 spot
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 been
                 prevented
                 ;
                 for
                 Pharax
                 (
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Ten
                 ,
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 as
                 his
                 Council
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 authority
                 in
                 Lacedemon
                 )
                 commanded
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 to
                 open
                 a
                 way
                 for
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 ,
                 lest
                 fighting
                 with
                 Men
                 in
                 a
                 desperate
                 condition
                 ,
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 experience
                 what
                 Valour
                 can
                 do
                 when
                 it
                 's
                 driven
                 to
                 a
                 necessity
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 restrain'd
                 by
                 his
                 Command
                 ,
                 a
                 Passage
                 was
                 made
                 for
                 the
                 Enemy
                 to
                 break
                 through
                 ,
                 as
                 Pharax
                 had
                 ordered
                 .
                 
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 ;
                 these
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 got
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 having
                 gain'd
                 an
                 eminent
                 Victory
                 ,
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 Trophy
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 Home
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 former
                 Year
                 ended
                 ,
                 Antopha
                 was
                 chief
                 Governour
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 
                   Caius
                   Furius
                
                 ,
                 *
                 Quintilius
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Marcus
                   Posthumus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Aulus
                   Cornelius
                
                 ,
                 bore
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 the
                 Argives
                 and
                 Lacedemonians
                 had
                 several
                 Meetings
                 and
                 Messages
                 to
                 and
                 fro
                 ,
                 about
                 entring
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 effected
                 
                 accordingly
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Mantineans
                 (
                 now
                 deserted
                 by
                 
                 the
                 Garrison
                 put
                 in
                 there
                 by
                 the
                 Argives
                 )
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 come
                 under
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Thousand
                 choice
                 Men
                 before
                 spoken
                 of
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Argos
                 ,
                 conspir'd
                 to
                 overthrow
                 the
                 Democracy
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 up
                 an
                 Aristocracy
                 from
                 among
                 
                 themselves
                 :
                 And
                 having
                 many
                 Associates
                 and
                 Abettors
                 in
                 this
                 Affair
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 wealthiest
                 and
                 most
                 couragious
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 they
                 forthwith
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Tribunes
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Heads
                 and
                 chief
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 for
                 Popular
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 their
                 Throats
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 being
                 terrified
                 ,
                 repealed
                 all
                 the
                 ancient
                 Laws
                 ,
                 and
                 began
                 to
                 order
                 all
                 Affairs
                 in
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Will
                 and
                 Pleasure
                 of
                 these
                 Men.
                 And
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 thus
                 govern'd
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Eight
                 Months
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 by
                 an
                 insurrection
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 depos'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Democracy
                 restor'd
                 .
              
               
                 Another
                 Disturbance
                 likewise
                 arose
                 in
                 Greece
                 ;
                 for
                 upon
                 a
                 Difference
                 happening
                 between
                 the
                 Phoceans
                 and
                 the
                 Locrians
                 ,
                 the
                 matter
                 came
                 to
                 a
                 decision
                 by
                 the
                 Sword.
                 The
                 Phoceans
                 were
                 Conquerors
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 kill'd
                 above
                 a
                 Thousand
                 of
                 the
                 Locrians
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Niceas
                 ,
                 took
                 Two
                 
                 Cities
                 ,
                 *
                 Cithera
                 and
                 †
                 Nicea
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 *
                 Melus
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 taken
                 by
                 Storm
                 )
                 they
                 put
                 all
                 (
                 but
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 them
                 they
                 made
                 Captives
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Italy
                 the
                 Fidenates
                 put
                 the
                 Roman
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Death
                 upon
                 a
                 light
                 occasion
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 base
                 act
                 of
                 Injustice
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Rome
                 were
                 highly
                 incens'd
                 ,
                 and
                 decreed
                 to
                 revenge
                 it
                 by
                 a
                 War.
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 they
                 made
                 
                   Manius
                   Aemilius
                
                 Dictator
                 ,
                 and
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Custom
                 ,
                 join'd
                 with
                 him
                 
                   Aulus
                   Cornelius
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Master
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 .
                 When
                 all
                 things
                 were
                 in
                 readiness
                 ,
                 he
                 marcht
                 against
                 the
                 Fidenates
                 with
                 all
                 expedition
                 ,
                 who
                 drew
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 met
                 him
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 sharp
                 Ingagement
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 continu'd
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 many
                 were
                 cut
                 off
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 they
                 parted
                 at
                 length
                 upon
                 equal
                 Terms
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 Euphemus
                 was
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Furius
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Quinctius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Aulus
                   Sempronius
                
                 again
                 executed
                 the
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 inforc'd
                 by
                 the
                 Aid
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 made
                 an
                 incursion
                 into
                 Argaia
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 small
                 Town
                 of
                 of
                 Argias
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 raz'd
                 the
                 Castle
                 .
                 Then
                 hearing
                 that
                 they
                 of
                 Argos
                 had
                 enlarged
                 their
                 Walls
                 out
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 they
                 marched
                 thither
                 ,
                 and
                 pull'd
                 them
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 Home
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 made
                 Alcibiades
                 General
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 Twenty
                 Ships
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 ,
                 was
                 order'd
                 to
                 do
                 the
                 utmost
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 restore
                 the
                 Argives
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 Government
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 was
                 such
                 Confusion
                 and
                 Disorder
                 there
                 ,
                 that
                 great
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 for
                 the
                 advancing
                 of
                 the
                 Aristocracy
                 .
                 Alcibiades
                 therefore
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 
                 to
                 Argos
                 ,
                 call'd
                 an
                 Assembly
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 for
                 the
                 Popular
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 caus'd
                 those
                 who
                 seem'd
                 to
                 side
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 to
                 be
                 banished
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 setled
                 the
                 Democracy
                 ,
                 return'd
                 to
                 Athens
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 invaded
                 Argaia
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 
                 waste
                 and
                 spoil
                 in
                 many
                 Places
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 plac'd
                 the
                 Exiles
                 of
                 Argos
                 in
                 Orneas
                 ,
                 and
                 Fortified
                 and
                 walled
                 the
                 Place
                 round
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 it
                 lay
                 in
                 Argaia
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 put
                 in
                 there
                 a
                 strong
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 they
                 order'd
                 them
                 to
                 waste
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Argos
                 with
                 continual
                 Excursions
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 were
                 march'd
                 back
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 sent
                 Forty
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 Twelve
                 Hundred
                 Souldiers
                 
                 to
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Argives
                 .
                 With
                 this
                 Aid
                 they
                 march'd
                 against
                 Orneas
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 it
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 putting
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Garrison
                 and
                 the
                 Exiles
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 they
                 expelled
                 the
                 rest
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 things
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 Fifteenth
                 Year
                 of
                 the
                 Peloponesian
                 War.
                 
              
               
               
                 In
                 the
                 Sixteenth
                 Year
                 ,
                 when
                 Aristomnestes
                 was
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Titus
                   Claudius
                
                 
                 
                   Spurius
                   ,
                   Nautius
                   Lucius
                   Sergius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Sextus
                   Julius
                
                 ,
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 executed
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 the
                 Ninety
                 First
                 Olympiad
                 was
                 celebrated
                 at
                 Elis
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Exaneus
                 of
                 Acragentum
                 was
                 Victor
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 the
                 Bysantines
                 and
                 Chalcedeans
                 joining
                 with
                 the
                 Thracians
                 ,
                 pass'd
                 over
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 into
                 Bithynia
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Country
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 taken
                 several
                 small
                 Towns
                 by
                 force
                 ,
                 they
                 executed
                 most
                 horrid
                 cruelty
                 .
                 For
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 gathered
                 together
                 a
                 great
                 multitude
                 of
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 
                 they
                 cut
                 all
                 their
                 Throats
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Aegistines
                 and
                 Seluntines
                 in
                 Sicily
                 went
                 to
                 Blows
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Differences
                 between
                 them
                 concerning
                 the
                 Bounds
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 the
                 River
                 divided
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 the
                 several
                 Cities
                 that
                 were
                 at
                 variance
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Seluntines
                 pass'd
                 over
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Lands
                 lying
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 ;
                 and
                 incroaching
                 still
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 ,
                 they
                 gain'd
                 the
                 next
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 laugh'd
                 and
                 jeer'd
                 at
                 those
                 they
                 thus
                 abus'd
                 .
                 Provoked
                 with
                 these
                 Indignities
                 ,
                 the
                 Aegistines
                 at
                 first
                 thought
                 to
                 win
                 them
                 by
                 fair
                 Words
                 ,
                 and
                 dissuaded
                 them
                 all
                 they
                 could
                 from
                 seizing
                 of
                 other
                 Mens
                 Estates
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 they
                 turn'd
                 a
                 deaf
                 Ear
                 ,
                 the
                 Proprietors
                 rose
                 up
                 in
                 
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 drove
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 recontinued
                 their
                 ancient
                 Possessions
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 Fire
                 of
                 Strife
                 and
                 Contention
                 was
                 kindled
                 ,
                 and
                 Armies
                 were
                 rais'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 to
                 decide
                 the
                 Controversie
                 by
                 the
                 Sword.
                 Both
                 Armies
                 being
                 drawn
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 a
                 sharp
                 Battel
                 was
                 fought
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Seluntines
                 got
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Aegistines
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 Aegistines
                 being
                 very
                 much
                 weakened
                 by
                 this
                 Slaughter
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 unable
                 of
                 themselves
                 to
                 oppose
                 their
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 they
                 First
                 sought
                 Aid
                 and
                 Assistance
                 from
                 them
                 of
                 Acragentum
                 and
                 Syracuse
                 :
                 But
                 these
                 failing
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Carthage
                 for
                 relief
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 likewise
                 refus'd
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 they
                 sought
                 to
                 get
                 Confederates
                 beyond
                 the
                 Seas
                 :
                 And
                 this
                 prov'd
                 successful
                 ;
                 for
                 whereas
                 the
                 Leontines
                 had
                 been
                 driven
                 both
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 and
                 Country
                 by
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 remaining
                 of
                 these
                 Exiles
                 consulted
                 together
                 and
                 determin'd
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 they
                 were
                 descended
                 .
                 The
                 matter
                 was
                 debated
                 and
                 decreed
                 in
                 a
                 Common
                 Assembly
                 of
                 all
                 their
                 Allies
                 ,
                 that
                 Embassadors
                 should
                 be
                 sent
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 to
                 desire
                 their
                 Assistance
                 for
                 the
                 Relief
                 of
                 the
                 oppressed
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 withal
                 to
                 promise
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 do
                 their
                 utmost
                 endeavour
                 to
                 serve
                 the
                 Athenians
                 in
                 all
                 their
                 Concerns
                 in
                 Sicily
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 came
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 Leontines
                 pleaded
                 their
                 Kindred
                 and
                 
                 ancient
                 Allyances
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Aegistines
                 promis'd
                 a
                 great
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 for
                 the
                 carrying
                 on
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 power
                 to
                 oppose
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 the
                 Athenians
                 thought
                 fit
                 First
                 to
                 send
                 some
                 prudent
                 Citizens
                 to
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 better
                 to
                 understand
                 the
                 State
                 and
                 Condition
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Aegistines
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 Aegista
                 ,
                 the
                 Aegistines
                 with
                 great
                 Ostentation
                 and
                 Vanity
                 ,
                 shew'd
                 them
                 a
                 great
                 mass
                 of
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 in
                 part
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 part
                 borrow'd
                 .
                 When
                 
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 were
                 return'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 great
                 Riches
                 of
                 the
                 Aegistines
                 was
                 nois'd
                 Abroad
                 ,
                 an
                 Assembly
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 was
                 call'd
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 War
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 in
                 Sicily
                 was
                 propos'd
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 Niceas
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Niceratus
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 account
                 amongst
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 argued
                 with
                 great
                 prudence
                 against
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 alledging
                 it
                 impossible
                 both
                 to
                 contend
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 to
                 send
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Force
                 as
                 they
                 must
                 needs
                 do
                 ,
                 into
                 parts
                 beyond
                 the
                 Seas
                 .
                 And
                 alledg'd
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 hitherto
                 to
                 subdue
                 Greece
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 in
                 vain
                 to
                 think
                 to
                 bring
                 the
                 greatest
                 Island
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 under
                 their
                 power
                 .
                 He
                 added
                 moreover
                 ,
                 when
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 of
                 so
                 large
                 an
                 Empire
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 often
                 attempted
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 conquer
                 it
                 ,
                 could
                 they
                 suppose
                 that
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 far
                 inferior
                 in
                 Strength
                 and
                 Power
                 ,
                 could
                 subdue
                 an
                 Island
                 the
                 most
                 potent
                 in
                 Arms
                 of
                 all
                 others
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ?
                 After
                 he
                 had
                 spoken
                 this
                 and
                 much
                 more
                 ,
                 suitable
                 
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 Occasion
                 ,
                 Alcibiades
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 chief
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 
                 Athens
                 ,
                 persuaded
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 prosecute
                 the
                 War.
                 This
                 Man
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 Eloquent
                 Speaker
                 of
                 all
                 amongst
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 Nobleness
                 of
                 his
                 Birth
                 ,
                 and
                 greatness
                 of
                 his
                 Estate
                 ,
                 and
                 Skill
                 in
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 far
                 exceeded
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 upon
                 his
                 persuasion
                 ,
                 without
                 delay
                 rigg'd
                 out
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 
                 Thirty
                 Sail
                 from
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Hundred
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 .
                 In
                 these
                 compleatly
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 all
                 Provisions
                 and
                 Necessaries
                 ,
                 they
                 put
                 Five
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 well
                 Arm'd
                 ,
                 and
                 appointed
                 Three
                 Generals
                 ,
                 
                   Alcibiades
                   ,
                   Nicias
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Lamachus
                 for
                 this
                 Expedition
                 ;
                 and
                 thus
                 were
                 the
                 Athenians
                 then
                 imploy'd
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 being
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 between
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 our
                 design'd
                 Method
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 pursue
                 the
                 things
                 that
                 follow'd
                 in
                 the
                 next
                 Book
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               
                 
                   The
                   MAPP
                   of
                   Antient
                   Greece
                   Expressing
                   especially
                   the
                   Places
                   mentioned
                   in
                   THVCYDIDES
                   .
                   by
                   THO
                   :
                   HOBBES
                
                 
              
            
             
             
               
                 
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               THE
               Historical
               Library
               OF
               
                 Diodorus
                 the
                 Sicilian
              
               .
               BOOK
               XIII
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 PREFACE
                 .
              
               
                 
                   IF
                   we
                   should
                   imitate
                   others
                   in
                   the
                   compiling
                   of
                   their
                   Histories
                   ,
                   we
                   should
                
                 
                 
                   first
                   in
                   the
                   Preface
                   of
                   every
                   Book
                   ,
                   observe
                   some
                   things
                   pertinent
                   to
                   the
                   Occasion
                   and
                   Subject
                   in
                   Hand
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   descend
                   to
                   the
                   continuation
                   of
                   our
                   Discourse
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   Actions
                   and
                   Affairs
                   that
                   follow
                   next
                   in
                   order
                   :
                   For
                   by
                   some
                   small
                   intermission
                   from
                   writing
                   ,
                   we
                   gain
                   a
                   breathing
                   fit
                   ;
                   the
                   fruit
                   and
                   advantage
                   by
                   Prefaces
                   .
                   But
                   in
                   as
                   much
                   as
                   we
                   have
                   promis'd
                   to
                   endeavour
                   in
                   a
                   few
                   Books
                   ,
                   not
                   only
                   to
                   relate
                   things
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   done
                   ,
                   but
                   likewise
                   to
                   comprehend
                   in
                   that
                   Relation
                   ,
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   above
                   Eleven
                   Hundred
                   Years
                   ,
                   it
                   's
                   necessary
                   to
                   avoid
                   Prefaces
                   ,
                   and
                   come
                   presently
                   to
                   the
                   matters
                   in
                   Hand
                   .
                   Only
                   promising
                   this
                   to
                   inform
                   the
                   Reader
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   Six
                   former
                   Books
                   ,
                   are
                   contain'd
                   the
                   things
                   done
                   in
                   all
                   Parts
                   of
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   from
                   the
                
                 Trojan
                 
                   War
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   time
                   the
                
                 Athenians
                 
                   decreed
                   the
                   War
                   against
                   the
                
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 
                   to
                   which
                   from
                   the
                   Destruction
                   of
                
                 Troy
                 ,
                 
                   is
                   Seven
                   Hundred
                   and
                   Threescore
                   Years
                   :
                   And
                   that
                   we
                   shall
                   begin
                   this
                   Book
                   with
                   that
                   Expedition
                   against
                   the
                
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   end
                   it
                   at
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   the
                   Second
                
                 Carthaginian
                 
                   War
                   against
                
                 Dionysius
                 
                   the
                   Tyrant
                   of
                
                 Syracuse
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Athenian
                   Fleet
                   rigg'd
                   out
                   for
                   
                     Sicily
                     .
                     Alcibiades
                  
                   accus'd
                   ;
                   Flies
                   ;
                   Is
                   Condemned
                   ;
                   Goes
                   to
                   Sparta
                   out
                   of
                   Italy
                   .
                   The
                   Syracusians
                   send
                   for
                   Aid
                   to
                   
                     Lacedemon
                     .
                     Gylippus
                  
                   is
                   sent
                   to
                   them
                   .
                   The
                   Battel
                   at
                   Syracuse
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHen
                 Cabrias
                 bore
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Romans
                 invested
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Sergius
                   ,
                   Marcus
                   Servilius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Papyrius
                
                 ,
                 Three
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 with
                 Consular
                 dignity
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 having
                 decreed
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 rigg'd
                 out
                 a
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 prepar'd
                 with
                 great
                 diligence
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Expedition
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 they
                 commission'd
                 Three
                 Generals
                 ,
                 
                   Alcibiades
                   ,
                   Nicias
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Lamachus
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 they
                 committed
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 War.
                 The
                 richer
                 sort
                 to
                 ingratiate
                 themselves
                 with
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 supply'd
                 the
                 Fleet
                 with
                 Arms
                 ,
                 others
                 promis'd
                 to
                 advance
                 Money
                 towards
                 the
                 Victualling
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 and
                 providing
                 Pay
                 for
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 .
                 Many
                 likewise
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 both
                 Citizens
                 and
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 freely
                 offer'd
                 
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Generals
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 listed
                 and
                 inroll'd
                 :
                 And
                 all
                 were
                 so
                 confident
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 ready
                 to
                 divide
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Sicily
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 by
                 Lot.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Navy
                 was
                 ready
                 to
                 set
                 sail
                 ;
                 when
                 on
                 the
                 sudden
                 in
                 one
                 Night
                 ,
                 
                 all
                 the
                 Statues
                 of
                 the
                 Goddess
                 Minerva
                 through
                 the
                 City
                 (
                 which
                 were
                 very
                 many
                 )
                 had
                 their
                 Heads
                 struck
                 off
                 .
                 The
                 Populacy
                 conceiv'd
                 this
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 by
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 meaner
                 sort
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 some
                 in
                 authority
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 destory
                 the
                 Democracy
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 they
                 were
                 highly
                 incens'd
                 at
                 the
                 wickedness
                 of
                 the
                 fact
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 great
                 Rewards
                 to
                 find
                 out
                 the
                 Authors
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 and
                 told
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 new
                 Moon
                 about
                 Midnight
                 ,
                 he
                 saw
                 several
                 Persons
                 go
                 into
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 a
                 Foreigner
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 Alcibiades
                 was
                 one
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 the
                 Senate
                 askt
                 him
                 how
                 he
                 could
                 know
                 him
                 at
                 such
                 a
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 ?
                 He
                 answered
                 ,
                 he
                 discerned
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 light
                 of
                 the
                 Moon
                 :
                 By
                 which
                 Contradiction
                 he
                 detected
                 his
                 own
                 Falshood
                 ,
                 and
                 never
                 after
                 could
                 the
                 least
                 Discovery
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 that
                 Fact
                 by
                 any
                 Person
                 whatsoever
                 .
              
               
                 However
                 notwithstanding
                 this
                 Accident
                 ,
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Forty
                 Gallies
                 were
                 rigg'd
                 out
                 ,
                 besides
                 Ships
                 of
                 Burden
                 and
                 other
                 Ships
                 ,
                 for
                 transporting
                 of
                 Horses
                 ,
                 
                 Provisions
                 and
                 other
                 Necessaries
                 ,
                 whereof
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 number
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Expedition
                 there
                 went
                 forth
                 with
                 them
                 above
                 Seven
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 at
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 Slingers
                 ,
                 and
                 Horsemen
                 sent
                 from
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 besides
                 those
                 belonging
                 to
                 their
                 Fleet.
                 
              
               
                 During
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Officers
                 had
                 a
                 private
                 Consult
                 with
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 concerning
                 the
                 Administration
                 of
                 Affairs
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 in
                 case
                 they
                 should
                 conquer
                 the
                 
                 Island
                 .
                 Where
                 at
                 length
                 it
                 was
                 determined
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 of
                 Selinuntium
                 and
                 Syracuse
                 should
                 be
                 carry'd
                 away
                 as
                 Captives
                 and
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 rest
                 should
                 have
                 only
                 a
                 Yearly
                 Tribute
                 impos'd
                 upon
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 the
                 Officers
                 with
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 march'd
                 down
                 into
                 the
                 *
                 Piraeum
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 follow'd
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Multitude
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 Citizens
                 and
                 Strangers
                 throughout
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 ;
                 every
                 one
                 making
                 it
                 his
                 business
                 to
                 take
                 leave
                 of
                 his
                 Friend
                 or
                 Relation
                 .
                 The
                 Ships
                 lay
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Harbour
                 with
                 their
                 Fore-decks
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 Flags
                 and
                 Streamers
                 erect
                 ,
                 and
                 shining
                 with
                 the
                 splendor
                 of
                 the
                 Arms.
                 The
                 Shoar
                 round
                 the
                 Harbour
                 was
                 fill'd
                 with
                 †
                 Altars
                 of
                 Incense
                 ,
                 and
                 Silver
                 Bowls
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 were
                 poured
                 out
                 into
                 Golden
                 Cups
                 ,
                 Drink-Offerings
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 by
                 them
                 who
                 worshipped
                 the
                 Deity
                 ,
                 and
                 earnestly
                 pray'd
                 for
                 the
                 happy
                 Success
                 of
                 the
                 Expedition
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 length
                 they
                 set
                 sail
                 from
                 the
                 Pyraeum
                 ,
                 and
                 sailing
                 round
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 †
                 Corcyra
                 :
                 For
                 here
                 they
                 were
                 commanded
                 to
                 stay
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 were
                 join'd
                 by
                 some
                 others
                 of
                 their
                 Neighbour
                 Confederates
                 .
                 Being
                 all
                 come
                 up
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 passing
                 through
                 the
                 Ionian
                 Sea
                 ,
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Promontory
                 *
                 of
                 Japygia
                 ;
                 hence
                 sailing
                 along
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 refused
                 by
                 the
                 Tarrentines
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 passing
                 by
                 the
                 likewise
                 of
                 Metapontum
                 and
                 Heraclea
                 ,
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Thurians
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 they
                 were
                 courteously
                 received
                 :
                 Loosing
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 for
                 Crotona
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 bought
                 some
                 Provisions
                 :
                 And
                 sailing
                 by
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 
                   Juno
                   Lacinia
                
                 ,
                 pass'd
                 under
                 the
                 Promontory
                 call'd
                 Dioscurias
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 leaving
                 Tesasletius
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 call'd
                 )
                 and
                 Locris
                 behind
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 anchor'd
                 near
                 Rhegium
                 and
                 invited
                 the
                 Rhegians
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 who
                 answered
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 must
                 first
                 advise
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 Italians
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 heard
                 that
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 within
                 their
                 *
                 Seas
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 Three
                 Generals
                 ,
                 invested
                 with
                 Absoute
                 Power
                 ,
                 
                   Hermocrates
                   ,
                   Sicanus
                
                 and
                 Heraclides
                 ,
                 who
                 rais'd
                 Souldiers
                 and
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 through
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 to
                 press
                 them
                 with
                 all
                 earnestness
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 Arms
                 for
                 the
                 common
                 safety
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ;
                 For
                 that
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 under
                 Colour
                 of
                 a
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 )
                 had
                 no
                 other
                 Design
                 but
                 to
                 subdue
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 the
                 Acragentines
                 and
                 Naxians
                 ,
                 answered
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 abide
                 firm
                 in
                 their
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 The
                 Camarians
                 and
                 Messenians
                 ,
                 declared
                 they
                 were
                 for
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 refused
                 to
                 return
                 any
                 Answer
                 to
                 what
                 was
                 propos'd
                 .
                 The
                 Himereans
                 and
                 Seluntians
                 ,
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 Gela
                 and
                 Catanea
                 ,
                 promis'd
                 their
                 Assistance
                 .
                 The
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 †
                 Siculi
                 (
                 though
                 they
                 favoured
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 )
                 yet
                 desired
                 to
                 be
                 at
                 ease
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 knowing
                 what
                 to
                 resolve
                 ,
                 judg'd
                 it
                 most
                 advisable
                 to
                 consider
                 a
                 while
                 of
                 the
                 business
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 better
                 able
                 to
                 discern
                 what
                 was
                 like
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 issue
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Aegistines
                 plainly
                 declaring
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 contribute
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 
                 above
                 Thirty
                 Talents
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Generals
                 accused
                 them
                 of
                 Treachery
                 ;
                 and
                 setting
                 Sail
                 from
                 Rhegium
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Naxus
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 friendly
                 and
                 courteously
                 received
                 by
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 they
                 made
                 to
                 Catana
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 of
                 Catana
                 refus'd
                 entrance
                 to
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 yet
                 admitted
                 the
                 Generals
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 a
                 common
                 Assembly
                 ;
                 where
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Generals
                 treated
                 with
                 them
                 concerning
                 the
                 entring
                 into
                 a
                 mutual
                 League
                 offensive
                 and
                 defensive
                 ;
                 but
                 whilst
                 Alcibiades
                 was
                 making
                 an
                 Harangue
                 to
                 court
                 
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 broke
                 through
                 a
                 little
                 Gate
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 the
                 Cataneans
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
              
               
                 Whilst
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 acting
                 Abroad
                 ,
                 they
                 who
                 were
                 Enemies
                 to
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 
                 (
                 through
                 private
                 Peaks
                 and
                 Grudges
                 )
                 at
                 Athens
                 took
                 Occasion
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 maiming
                 and
                 spoiling
                 of
                 the
                 Images
                 ,
                 and
                 accused
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Common
                 Assemblies
                 of
                 a
                 Conspiracy
                 against
                 the
                 Democracy
                 ;
                 which
                 Accusation
                 was
                 much
                 supported
                 and
                 further'd
                 by
                 what
                 had
                 then
                 lately
                 happen'd
                 at
                 Argos
                 :
                 For
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 chief
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 conspiring
                 with
                 others
                 of
                 their
                 Dependents
                 ,
                 to
                 overturn
                 the
                 Democracy
                 in
                 Argos
                 ,
                 were
                 all
                 destroy'd
                 by
                 the
                 Citizens
                 .
                 This
                 Attempt
                 of
                 innovation
                 there
                 ,
                 
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Accusation
                 at
                 Athens
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 readily
                 believed
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 People
                 being
                 with
                 all
                 earnestness
                 stir'd
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 Orators
                 ,
                 sent
                 a
                 Ship
                 from
                 Salamis
                 to
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 to
                 recall
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 abide
                 his
                 Trial.
                 
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 
                   Catana
                   ,
                   Alcibiades
                
                 was
                 made
                 acquainted
                 by
                 the
                 Messengers
                 ,
                 
                 what
                 Order
                 they
                 had
                 from
                 the
                 People
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 he
                 (
                 with
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 accused
                 with
                 him
                 )
                 went
                 on
                 Ship-board
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 Gally
                 ,
                 and
                 together
                 with
                 that
                 from
                 Salamis
                 set
                 Sail
                 from
                 Catana
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Thurium
                 ,
                 either
                 through
                 Consciousness
                 of
                 the
                 Guilt
                 of
                 his
                 Impiety
                 ,
                 or
                 through
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Danger
                 ,
                 he
                 and
                 all
                 those
                 accused
                 with
                 him
                 made
                 their
                 Escape
                 .
                 
                 Those
                 who
                 were
                 on
                 Board
                 the
                 Salamian
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 made
                 great
                 inquiry
                 after
                 Alcibiades
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 found
                 ,
                 they
                 Sail'd
                 back
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 gave
                 an
                 Account
                 what
                 had
                 happen'd
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 gave
                 Judgment
                 of
                 Death
                 upon
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 
                 his
                 Fellow
                 Fugitives
                 ,
                 (
                 their
                 Names
                 being
                 only
                 put
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Court
                 )
                 without
                 being
                 further
                 heard
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Alcibiades
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 Italy
                 to
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 perswaded
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 to
                 invade
                 the
                 Athenians
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Generals
                 that
                 remain'd
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 sail'd
                 with
                 their
                 Forces
                 to
                 Aegista
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Hyccara
                 ,
                 a
                 small
                 Town
                 of
                 the
                 Siculi
                 ;
                 out
                 of
                 whose
                 Spoils
                 they
                 rais'd
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Talents
                 .
                 And
                 having
                 receiv'd
                 Thirty
                 Talents
                 more
                 from
                 the
                 Aegistines
                 ,
                 they
                 sail'd
                 back
                 to
                 Catana
                 ;
                 where
                 having
                 consulted
                 how
                 to
                 posses
                 themselves
                 of
                 a
                 Place
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 chief
                 Port
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 with-little
                 or
                 no
                 hazard
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 thither
                 a
                 Trusty
                 Fellow
                 of
                 Catana
                 ,
                 not
                 
                 suspected
                 by
                 the
                 Syracusian
                 Officers
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 acquaint
                 them
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Cataneans
                 had
                 plotted
                 upon
                 a
                 sudden
                 to
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Souldiers
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 laid
                 aside
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 burn
                 all
                 their
                 Shipping
                 in
                 their
                 Harbour
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 this
                 might
                 be
                 the
                 better
                 effected
                 ,
                 they
                 desir'd
                 the
                 Commanders
                 to
                 appear
                 with
                 their
                 Army
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Design
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 defeated
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Catanean
                 came
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 he
                 delivered
                 his
                 Message
                 .
                 The
                 Generals
                 believing
                 what
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 appointed
                 a
                 Night
                 when
                 they
                 would
                 march
                 out
                 with
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 back
                 the
                 Man
                 to
                 Catana
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 Night
                 appointed
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 led
                 forth
                 their
                 Men
                 towards
                 Catana
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 with
                 great
                 Silence
                 )
                 made
                 out
                 with
                 their
                 Fleet
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 Port
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ;
                 and
                 seizing
                 upon
                 Olympius
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Places
                 bordering
                 round
                 about
                 ,
                 they
                 there
                 fortify'd
                 their
                 Camp.
                 But
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 understanding
                 the
                 Treachery
                 ,
                 return'd
                 with
                 a
                 swift
                 March
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 upon
                 their
                 Enemies
                 Camp.
                 They
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 issued
                 forth
                 ,
                 and
                 Battel
                 was
                 join'd
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Athenians
                 kill'd
                 Four
                 Hundred
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 flight
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Generals
                 discerning
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 exceeded
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 their
                 Horse
                 (
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 the
                 better
                 provided
                 for
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 )
                 sail'd
                 back
                 to
                 Catana
                 .
              
               
                 Messengers
                 likewise
                 were
                 sent
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 with
                 Letters
                 to
                 the
                 Democracy
                 to
                 
                 desire
                 more
                 Horse
                 and
                 Moneys
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Siege
                 they
                 were
                 about
                 to
                 begin
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 long
                 and
                 tedious
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 decreed
                 ,
                 that
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Talents
                 and
                 some
                 Troops
                 of
                 Horse
                 should
                 be
                 sent
                 into
                 Sicily
                 .
              
               
                 During
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 Diagoras
                 surnamed
                 the
                 *
                 Atheist
                 ,
                 accused
                 for
                 his
                 Impiety
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 Attica
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 Talent
                 of
                 Silver
                 was
                 promis'd
                 as
                 a
                 Reward
                 by
                 the
                 Voice
                 of
                 the
                 common
                 Cryer
                 ,
                 to
                 any
                 that
                 should
                 kill
                 him
                 .
                 In
                 Italy
                 the
                 Romans
                 had
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Aequi
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Lavinium
                 by
                 Assault
                 :
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 Actions
                 produc'd
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
               
                 Pisander
                 now
                 executed
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Romans
                 created
                 
                 Four
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 as
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 
                   Publius
                   Lucretius
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Servilius
                   ,
                   Agrippa
                   Memenius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Spurius
                   Veturius
                
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 sent
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 Corinth
                 and
                 Lacedemon
                 ,
                 to
                 desire
                 Aid
                 ,
                 and
                 earnestly
                 intreated
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 extremity
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 by
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 determin'd
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Gylippus
                 General
                 .
                 The
                 Corinthians
                 sent
                 only
                 Two
                 Gallies
                 under
                 Pythes
                 to
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 Gylippus
                 into
                 Sicily
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 ,
                 while
                 they
                 were
                 preparing
                 a
                 greater
                 Fleet
                 to
                 be
                 sent
                 after
                 them
                 .
                 Nicias
                 and
                 Lamachus
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Generals
                 at
                 Catana
                 ,
                 
                 having
                 receiv'd
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Talents
                 ,
                 and
                 re-inforc'd
                 with
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Horse
                 from
                 Athens
                 ,
                 set
                 Sail
                 for
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 arriving
                 there
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 unsuspected
                 by
                 them
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 possess
                 themselves
                 of
                 †
                 Epipole
                 ;
                 which
                 they
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 perceiving
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 Sally
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 drive
                 them
                 thence
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 forc'd
                 back
                 within
                 their
                 Walls
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 there
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Horse
                 from
                 Aegina
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fifty
                 from
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 which
                 made
                 up
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 above
                 Eight
                 Hundred
                 Horse
                 :
                 Being
                 inforc'd
                 ,
                 they
                 drew
                 a
                 Trench
                 round
                 Labdalus
                 ,
                 and
                 blockt
                 up
                 the
                 City
                 Syracuse
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 with
                 a
                 Wall.
                 At
                 which
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 were
                 greatly
                 terrify'd
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 building
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 they
                 sally'd
                 out
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 a
                 Skirmish
                 with
                 Horse
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 were
                 beaten
                 back
                 with
                 great
                 loss
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 Athenians
                 with
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Army
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 a
                 Place
                 call'd
                 Polichna
                 ,
                 commanding
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 and
                 drew
                 a
                 Wall
                 about
                 it
                 ,
                 wherein
                 they
                 included
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 now
                 Syracuse
                 was
                 Besieg'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
                 With
                 these
                 many
                 Misfortunes
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 were
                 greatly
                 discouraged
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 heard
                 that
                 Gylippus
                 was
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Himera
                 ,
                 and
                 raising
                 Men
                 ,
                 they
                 began
                 to
                 take
                 Heart
                 .
                 For
                 Gylippus
                 as
                 
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Himera
                 ,
                 with
                 Four
                 Gallies
                 only
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 secur'd
                 his
                 Ships
                 ,
                 brought
                 in
                 them
                 of
                 Himera
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 them
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Geleans
                   ,
                   Selinuntians
                
                 and
                 Sicanians
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 and
                 listed
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 all
                 mustered
                 ,
                 made
                 up
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 Three
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Horse
                 ;
                 with
                 which
                 he
                 march'd
                 through
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 entred
                 into
                 Syracuse
                 :
                 And
                 after
                 a
                 few
                 Days
                 ,
                 led
                 forth
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 with
                 those
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 a
                 sharp
                 Battel
                 was
                 fought
                 ,
                 
                 wherein
                 Lamachus
                 the
                 Athenian
                 General
                 was
                 kill'd
                 .
                 But
                 at
                 length
                 (
                 after
                 many
                 kill'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 )
                 the
                 Athenians
                 got
                 the
                 Day
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 Fight
                 ,
                 came
                 in
                 Thirteen
                 Gallies
                 from
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 whereupon
                 Gylippus
                 having
                 drawn
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 out
                 of
                 these
                 Ships
                 ,
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 assaulted
                 the
                 Epipole
                 :
                 And
                 though
                 the
                 Athenians
                 made
                 a
                 Sally
                 ,
                 yet
                 after
                 a
                 sharp
                 Dispute
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 routed
                 by
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ;
                 who
                 presently
                 demolish'd
                 the
                 Walls
                 and
                 Fortifications
                 through
                 all
                 the
                 Epipole
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 having
                 lost
                 this
                 Place
                 ,
                 led
                 away
                 their
                 Army
                 to
                 another
                 Post
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 things
                 thus
                 perform'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 sent
                 Embassadors
                 a
                 Second
                 time
                 to
                 Corinth
                 and
                 Lacedemon
                 for
                 further
                 Supplies
                 .
                 To
                 whom
                 were
                 sent
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 from
                 
                   Corinth
                   ,
                   Beotia
                
                 and
                 Sicyon
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 Sparta
                 Six
                 Hundred
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Gylippus
                 traversing
                 the
                 Country
                 about
                 from
                 Town
                 to
                 Town
                 in
                 several
                 Parts
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 brought
                 in
                 many
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 reinforc'd
                 with
                 Three
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 from
                 the
                 Himereans
                 and
                 Sicanians
                 ,
                 
                 he
                 march'd
                 his
                 Army
                 through
                 the
                 Heart
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 having
                 intelligence
                 of
                 their
                 coming
                 ,
                 cut
                 off
                 one
                 half
                 of
                 them
                 by
                 an
                 Ambush
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 came
                 safe
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 they
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 being
                 incouraged
                 with
                 fresh
                 Supplies
                 ,
                 determin'd
                 to
                 try
                 their
                 Fortune
                 in
                 a
                 Sea-Fight
                 :
                 What
                 Shipping
                 they
                 had
                 left
                 ,
                 they
                 set
                 forth
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 others
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 made
                 use
                 and
                 †
                 trial
                 of
                 in
                 the
                 little
                 Harbour
                 .
              
               
                 Nicias
                 the
                 Athenian
                 General
                 ,
                 acquainted
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 by
                 Letters
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 were
                 much
                 inforc'd
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 putting
                 forth
                 a
                 great
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 intent
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 a
                 Sea-Fight
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 desir'd
                 more
                 Shipping
                 and
                 Moneys
                 to
                 be
                 sent
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Collegue
                 to
                 bear
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Burden
                 and
                 Care
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 For
                 Alcibiades
                 being
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 Lamachus
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 he
                 only
                 remain'd
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 very
                 infirm
                 and
                 unhealthful
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 the
                 Athenians
                 sent
                 into
                 Sicily
                 about
                 the
                 Summer
                 Solstice
                 ,
                 Ten
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Eurymedon
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Forty
                 Talents
                 of
                 Silver
                 :
                 But
                 withal
                 preparing
                 and
                 designing
                 to
                 send
                 a
                 greater
                 Fleet
                 at
                 the
                 Spring
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 
                 they
                 rais'd
                 Men
                 and
                 Money
                 in
                 every
                 Place
                 from
                 among
                 their
                 Confederates
                 .
                 In
                 Peloponesus
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 by
                 the
                 instigation
                 of
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 broke
                 the
                 League
                 they
                 had
                 made
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 this
                 War
                 continu'd
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Twelve
                 Years
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 II.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Lacedemonians
                   invade
                   Attica
                   .
                   The
                   Fight
                   at
                   Sea
                   between
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   and
                   
                     Athenians
                     .
                     Eurymedon
                  
                   and
                   Demosthenes
                   arrive
                   in
                   Sicily
                   .
                   A
                   Plague
                   in
                   the
                   Athenian
                   Camp.
                   Another
                   Fight
                   between
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   and
                   Athenians
                   .
                   The
                   latter
                   routed
                   at
                   Sea.
                   The
                   Athenians
                   ruin'd
                   in
                   Sicily
                   .
                   Nicholaus's
                   long
                   Oration
                   .
                   Gylippus
                   his
                   Answer
                   .
                
              
               
                 THis
                 Year
                 ended
                 ,
                 Cleocritus
                 governed
                 in
                 chief
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 Rome
                 Four
                 
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 executed
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 Consuls
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   Aulus
                   Sempronius
                   ,
                   Marcus
                   Papyrius
                   ,
                   Quintus
                   Fabius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Spurius
                   Nautius
                
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 invaded
                 Attica
                 under
                 Agis
                 their
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 Alcibiades
                 the
                 Athenian
                 .
                 They
                 seize
                 upon
                 Decelia
                 ,
                 a
                 Place
                 very
                 strong
                 and
                 fit
                 for
                 a
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 they
                 built
                 a
                 Fort
                 ;
                 from
                 whence
                 this
                 War
                 was
                 call'd
                 the
                 Decelian
                 War.
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 sent
                 Charides
                 with
                 Thirty
                 Sail
                 into
                 Laconia
                 ,
                 and
                 decreed
                 Fourscore
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 Thousand
                 Souldiers
                 to
                 be
                 sent
                 into
                 Sicily
                 .
              
               
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 a
                 Sea-Fight
                 before
                 determin'd
                 ,
                 made
                 out
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Fourscore
                 Sail
                 well
                 Mann'd
                 ,
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 whom
                 the
                 Athenians
                 met
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Sixty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 whereupon
                 began
                 a
                 fierce
                 Fight
                 :
                 
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Athenians
                 came
                 running
                 to
                 the
                 Sea-side
                 from
                 every
                 Quarter
                 ,
                 from
                 their
                 Posts
                 and
                 Forts
                 ,
                 some
                 out
                 of
                 Curiosity
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 others
                 to
                 be
                 assistant
                 to
                 their
                 Countrymen
                 in
                 their
                 Flight
                 ,
                 in
                 case
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 worsted
                 .
                 The
                 Syracusian
                 Officers
                 foreseeing
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 likely
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 as
                 now
                 they
                 did
                 ,
                 had
                 before
                 given
                 secret
                 Orders
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 as
                 a
                 Guard
                 for
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 to
                 Assault
                 the
                 Forts
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 which
                 were
                 full
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 Naval
                 Preparations
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Provisions
                 .
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 therefore
                 easily
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 Forts
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 slightly
                 guarded
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 came
                 from
                 the
                 Sea-shoar
                 in
                 aid
                 of
                 their
                 Fellows
                 .
                 
                 Hereupon
                 a
                 great
                 Noise
                 and
                 Clamour
                 being
                 made
                 about
                 the
                 Forts
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 Souldiers
                 now
                 engag'd
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 were
                 struck
                 with
                 great
                 Terrour
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 back
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 betook
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 Forts
                 and
                 Fortresses
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 ;
                 whom
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 pursu'd
                 ,
                 without
                 observing
                 any
                 order
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Athenians
                 discerning
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 hope
                 nor
                 way
                 left
                 of
                 escaping
                 at
                 Land
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 had
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 Two
                 of
                 their
                 Forts
                 )
                 tackt
                 about
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 renew
                 the
                 Fight
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Line
                 of
                 Battel
                 ,
                 they
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 separated
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 their
                 Line
                 broken
                 and
                 disordered
                 by
                 the
                 Pursuit
                 )
                 and
                 sunk
                 Eleven
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 pursuing
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 the
                 Island
                 .
                 After
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 both
                 sides
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 Trophy
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 for
                 their
                 Victory
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 for
                 their
                 Success
                 at
                 Land.
                 The
                 Fight
                 at
                 Sea
                 having
                 this
                 Issue
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Victory
                 so
                 hardly
                 obtain'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 understanding
                 that
                 Demosthenes
                 within
                 a
                 few
                 Days
                 would
                 be
                 with
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 were
                 resolved
                 not
                 to
                 attempt
                 any
                 thing
                 further
                 ,
                 till
                 those
                 Forces
                 arriv'd
                 .
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 lay
                 all
                 at
                 stake
                 ,
                 and
                 try
                 the
                 utmost
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 Army
                 of
                 Demosthenes
                 came
                 up
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 they
                 fac'd
                 the
                 
                 Athenian
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 did
                 all
                 they
                 could
                 every
                 Day
                 to
                 provoke
                 them
                 to
                 a
                 Battel
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 that
                 time
                 Aristo
                 a
                 Corinthian
                 Commander
                 of
                 a
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 advis'd
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Fore-Castles
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 shorter
                 and
                 lower
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 of
                 great
                 advantage
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 Fights
                 at
                 Sea
                 afterwards
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Fore-Castles
                 of
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Gallies
                 were
                 both
                 very
                 slender
                 and
                 high
                 built
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 whereof
                 their
                 Beaks
                 made
                 no
                 impression
                 ,
                 but
                 where
                 they
                 met
                 with
                 those
                 equal
                 in
                 height
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Enemy
                 receiv'd
                 no
                 great
                 Prejudice
                 by
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Vessels
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 (
                 having
                 their
                 Fore-Decks
                 low
                 and
                 strong
                 built
                 ,
                 )
                 often
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 Stroke
                 sunk
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Gallies
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 before
                 related
                 )
                 many
                 Days
                 dar'd
                 the
                 Athenians
                 to
                 Fight
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 to
                 no
                 purpose
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 kept
                 close
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 drawn
                 forth
                 by
                 any
                 means
                 .
                 But
                 afterwards
                 (
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 longer
                 to
                 indure
                 the
                 Insolencies
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 )
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 set
                 upon
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 great
                 Haven
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 length
                 engag'd
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet.
                 The
                 Athenians
                 indeed
                 excell'd
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 
                 the
                 swiftness
                 of
                 their
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 expertness
                 and
                 diligence
                 of
                 the
                 Sea-men
                 :
                 But
                 because
                 the
                 fight
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 strait
                 and
                 narrow
                 Place
                 ,
                 this
                 advantage
                 was
                 of
                 no
                 use
                 to
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 therefore
                 being
                 confusedly
                 mixt
                 with
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 giving
                 them
                 no
                 respite
                 or
                 time
                 to
                 withdraw
                 ,
                 they
                 drove
                 them
                 from
                 off
                 their
                 Decks
                 and
                 their
                 Fore-Castles
                 ,
                 with
                 Stones
                 and
                 Spears
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 
                 with
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 pierc'd
                 through
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 they
                 boarded
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Fight
                 seem'd
                 within
                 the
                 Ships
                 ,
                 just
                 like
                 a
                 Battel
                 at
                 Land.
                 All
                 things
                 thus
                 going
                 to
                 rack
                 on
                 the
                 Athenians
                 side
                 ,
                 they
                 fled
                 outright
                 with
                 great
                 precipitation
                 ;
                 whom
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 pursu'd
                 close
                 ,
                 and
                 sunk
                 Seven
                 of
                 their
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 disabled
                 many
                 more
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 being
                 now
                 grown
                 confident
                 ,
                 by
                 their
                 late
                 Victories
                 both
                 at
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 ,
                 presently
                 arrives
                 Eurimedon
                 and
                 Demosthenes
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 
                 great
                 Army
                 from
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 many
                 Auxiliaries
                 from
                 Thurium
                 and
                 
                 *
                 Messapia
                 which
                 join'd
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 Passage
                 .
                 These
                 Generals
                 brought
                 with
                 them
                 more
                 than
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Ten
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 besides
                 Seamen
                 :
                 But
                 Arms
                 ,
                 Moneys
                 ,
                 Engines
                 for
                 a
                 Siege
                 and
                 other
                 Provisions
                 were
                 on
                 board
                 other
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 were
                 again
                 discourag'd
                 ,
                 judging
                 they
                 were
                 never
                 able
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 to
                 cope
                 with
                 so
                 potent
                 an
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 Demosthenes
                 having
                 now
                 persuaded
                 his
                 Collegues
                 to
                 seise
                 upon
                 the
                 Epipole
                 ,
                 (
                 for●
                 otherwise
                 he
                 could
                 never
                 straiten
                 the
                 City
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 )
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 with
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 heavy
                 Arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 light
                 Arm'd
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 the
                 Assault
                 being
                 unexpected
                 they
                 took
                 some
                 Forts
                 ,
                 and
                 entring
                 within
                 the
                 Fortifications
                 ,
                 demolish'd
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Wall.
                 But
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 running
                 together
                 from
                 all
                 parts
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 assaulted
                 ,
                 and
                 Hermocrates
                 with
                 a
                 choice
                 Band
                 of
                 lusty
                 Young
                 Men
                 hasting
                 in
                 with
                 aid
                 and
                 assistance
                 ;
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 driven
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 the
                 darkness
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 and
                 ignorance
                 of
                 the
                 Passages
                 were
                 dispers'd
                 and
                 scatter'd
                 far
                 from
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 with
                 their
                 Auxiliaries
                 with
                 a
                 close
                 persuit
                 kill'd
                 Two
                 Thousand
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 of
                 
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 wounded
                 many
                 that
                 got
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 Arms.
                 
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 encounter
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 sent
                 Sicanus
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Officers
                 with
                 twelve
                 Gallies
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 both
                 to
                 inform
                 them
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 and
                 likewise
                 to
                 desire
                 further
                 Aid
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Athenians
                 (
                 their
                 affairs
                 now
                 declining
                 so
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 worse
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                 Plague
                 breaking
                 forth
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 a
                 stinking
                 marsh
                 Ground
                 near
                 adjoyning
                 )
                 consulted
                 what
                 was
                 sit
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 exigency
                 .
                 Demosthenes
                 was
                 of
                 Opinion
                 without
                 delay
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 saying
                 it
                 was
                 far
                 more
                 commendable
                 to
                 venture
                 their
                 Lives
                 for
                 their
                 Country
                 against
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 than
                 to
                 lie
                 still
                 in
                 Sicily
                 doing
                 nothing
                 .
                 But
                 Nicias
                 said
                 it
                 was
                 base
                 and
                 dishonourable
                 
                 to
                 leave
                 the
                 Siege
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 plentifully
                 supply'd
                 ,
                 both
                 with
                 Shipping
                 Men
                 and
                 Money
                 .
                 And
                 moreover
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 involv'd
                 in
                 great
                 Danger
                 by
                 those
                 whose
                 common
                 practice
                 it
                 was
                 ,
                 to
                 asperse
                 the
                 Generals
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 make
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 and
                 return
                 to
                 their
                 Country
                 without
                 the
                 order
                 and
                 command
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 Among
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 then
                 present
                 at
                 the
                 Consult
                 some
                 approv'd
                 of
                 the
                 Advice
                 of
                 Demosthenes
                 for
                 returning
                 ;
                 others
                 agreed
                 with
                 Nicias
                 .
                 But
                 nothing
                 being
                 determin'd
                 ,
                 they
                 lay
                 idle
                 without
                 any
                 Action
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 great
                 Aids
                 and
                 Supplies
                 came
                 to
                 them
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 from
                 the
                 
                   Siculi
                   ,
                   Selenuntians
                   ,
                   Geleans
                   ,
                   Himereans
                
                 and
                 Camarineans
                 ,
                 which
                 encourag'd
                 them
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 it
                 discourag'd
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 the
                 Plague
                 so
                 rag'd
                 and
                 increas'd
                 that
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 Perish'd
                 ,
                 which
                 caus'd
                 them
                 all
                 now
                 to
                 repent
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 not
                 return'd
                 before
                 .
                 The
                 Athenian
                 Army
                 therefore
                 being
                 in
                 a
                 tumult
                 ,
                 and
                 hasting
                 to
                 their
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 Nicias
                 himself
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 a
                 Compliance
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 both
                 the
                 Generals
                 agreeing
                 in
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 Shipt
                 their
                 Baggage
                 and
                 Lumber
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 all
                 Aboard
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 hoist
                 up
                 Sail.
                 And
                 the
                 Generals
                 caus'd
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 Proclaim'd
                 that
                 upon
                 a
                 Sign
                 given
                 all
                 should
                 be
                 ready
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 loytred
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 left
                 behind
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Night
                 before
                 they
                 intended
                 to
                 set
                 Sail
                 ,
                 the
                 Moon
                 was
                 Ecclips'd
                 ,
                 which
                 occasion'd
                 Nicias
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 
                 naturally
                 Superstitious
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 in
                 great
                 uneasiness
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Plague
                 )
                 to
                 advise
                 with
                 the
                 Sooth-sayers
                 .
                 By
                 whom
                 Answer
                 was
                 given
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 must
                 not
                 by
                 any
                 means
                 Sail
                 of
                 three
                 Days
                 :
                 Into
                 which
                 Opinion
                 Demosthenes
                 and
                 those
                 of
                 his
                 party
                 likewise
                 were
                 led
                 through
                 their
                 Superstition
                 .
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 understanding
                 
                 by
                 Deserters
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 the
                 stay
                 ,
                 Man'd
                 all
                 their
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 Seventy
                 Four.
                 And
                 drawing
                 out
                 their
                 Land-Forces
                 ,
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Athenians
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land.
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 the
                 Athenians
                 Man'd
                 Fourscore
                 and
                 Six
                 Gallies
                 and
                 gave
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 to
                 Eurymedon
                 ,
                 against
                 whom
                 was
                 oppos'd
                 Agatharcus
                 the
                 Syracusian
                 General
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 left
                 Wing
                 they
                 plac'd
                 Euthydemus
                 ,
                 in
                 opposition
                 to
                 Sicanus
                 ,
                 who
                 Commanded
                 for
                 the
                 
                   Syracusians
                   .
                   Menander
                
                 Commanded
                 the
                 middle
                 Battle
                 on
                 the
                 Athenians
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 Pithes
                 the
                 Corinthian
                 for
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 And
                 altho'
                 the
                 Athenians
                 Line
                 of
                 Battel
                 stretch'd
                 out
                 further
                 in
                 length
                 than
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 because
                 their
                 Ships
                 were
                 more
                 ;
                 yet
                 that
                 which
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 advantage
                 prov'd
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 ruin
                 in
                 the
                 Issue
                 .
              
               
               
                 For
                 Eurymedon
                 striving
                 to
                 surround
                 the
                 Wing
                 opposite
                 to
                 him
                 (
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 being
                 sever'd
                 from
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 )
                 was
                 driven
                 by
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 (
                 who
                 bore
                 down
                 upon
                 him
                 )
                 into
                 the
                 Creek
                 Dascones
                 ,
                 before
                 possess'd
                 by
                 other
                 Syracusians
                 ;
                 where
                 being
                 hemm'd
                 in
                 within
                 the
                 Straits
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 (
                 upon
                 a
                 mortal
                 Wound
                 given
                 )
                 he
                 fell
                 down
                 Dead
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 seven
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 were
                 destroy'd
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 the
                 report
                 spread
                 abroad
                 that
                 the
                 General
                 was
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 lost
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 chiefest
                 of
                 the
                 Gallies
                 
                 which
                 were
                 next
                 in
                 place
                 and
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 Vessels
                 lost
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 give
                 back
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 press'd
                 forward
                 and
                 (
                 heated
                 by
                 their
                 late
                 success
                 )
                 fell
                 
                 with
                 great
                 fury
                 upon
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 forc'd
                 them
                 to
                 an
                 absolute
                 Flight
                 ,
                 and
                 driving
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 Shallows
                 of
                 the
                 Haven
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Vessels
                 were
                 stranded
                 among
                 the
                 Shelvs
                 and
                 Sands
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 Sicanus
                 the
                 Syracusian
                 Admiral
                 fill'd
                 *
                 a
                 Ship
                 with
                 Fagots
                 ,
                 Fire-brands
                 and
                 Pitch
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 it
                 on
                 Fire
                 among
                 the
                 Ships
                 floating
                 upon
                 the
                 Shallows
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 the
                 Athenians
                 with
                 all
                 expedition
                 extinguish'd
                 the
                 Flames
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 other
                 way
                 left
                 to
                 escape
                 ,
                 they
                 valiantly
                 grappled
                 with
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 threw
                 them
                 overboard
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Land-forces
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 ready
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 to
                 Aid
                 them
                 that
                 fled
                 that
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 bestirring
                 themselves
                 with
                 extraordinary
                 Valour
                 and
                 contempt
                 of
                 all
                 Dangers
                 routed
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 at
                 Land.
                 But
                 they
                 being
                 Victors
                 at
                 Sea
                 return'd
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 having
                 not
                 lost
                 many
                 Men
                 in
                 the
                 Sea-Fight
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 lost
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Two
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 and
                 Eighty
                 Gallies
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 now
                 conceiving
                 that
                 their
                 City
                 was
                 safe
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 their
                 business
                 remaining
                 was
                 to
                 break
                 into
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Camp
                 and
                 ruin
                 their
                 Army
                 ,
                 block'd
                 up
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 their
                 Haven
                 with
                 Ships
                 join'd
                 ,
                 and
                 fastned
                 together
                 ,
                 to
                 hinder
                 the
                 
                 Flight
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 by
                 Sea.
                 To
                 which
                 end
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 Bridge
                 with
                 Boats
                 ,
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Sihps
                 fixt
                 with
                 Anchors
                 ,
                 compacted
                 and
                 fastned
                 together
                 with
                 Iron
                 Chains
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 perceiving
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 penn'd
                 up
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 way
                 of
                 escape
                 remaining
                 ,
                 consulted
                 and
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 sill
                 what
                 Ships
                 they
                 had
                 remaing
                 with
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 their
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 that
                 with
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 their
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 and
                 resoulteness
                 of
                 their
                 Souldiers
                 (
                 now
                 ready
                 to
                 Fight
                 as
                 Men
                 in
                 a
                 desperate
                 condition
                 )
                 they
                 might
                 strike
                 a
                 Terror
                 into
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 chiefest
                 of
                 the
                 Officers
                 and
                 best
                 and
                 most
                 expert
                 Souldiers
                 Imbark'd
                 and
                 Man'd
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fifteen
                 Gallies
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 they
                 plac'd
                 in
                 order
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 (
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Land-Souldiers
                 for
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 their
                 Walls
                 )
                 fitted
                 out
                 Seventy
                 Four
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 attended
                 by
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 young
                 Boys
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 (
                 not
                 yet
                 of
                 full
                 Age
                 )
                 in
                 other
                 Ships
                 as
                 Auxiliaries
                 to
                 be
                 ready
                 to
                 aid
                 and
                 assist
                 their
                 Parents
                 .
                 The
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 Harbour
                 and
                 every
                 high
                 Place
                 within
                 the
                 City
                 were
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 Spectators
                 .
                 For
                 both
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 and
                 all
                 others
                 unfit
                 to
                 bear
                 Arms
                 (
                 with
                 great
                 concern
                 and
                 trembling
                 of
                 Heart
                 )
                 stood
                 to
                 view
                 the
                 Fight
                 in
                 
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 judge
                 how
                 things
                 were
                 like
                 to
                 go
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Nicias
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenian
                 General
                 ,
                 viewing
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 seriously
                 considering
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 danger
                 ,
                 left
                 his
                 Post
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 on
                 board
                 a
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 and
                 sail'd
                 round
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 to
                 the
                 Commanders
                 
                 and
                 Captains
                 of
                 every
                 Gally
                 ,
                 earnestly
                 intreating
                 them
                 with
                 his
                 Hands
                 lift
                 up
                 to
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 that
                 every
                 one
                 would
                 strive
                 to
                 out-do
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 improve
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 the
                 present
                 opportunity
                 ,
                 being
                 the
                 last
                 ground
                 of
                 hope
                 they
                 were
                 ever
                 like
                 to
                 injoy
                 ,
                 for
                 in
                 their
                 valour
                 in
                 the
                 Sea-Fight
                 now
                 approaching
                 ,
                 lay
                 the
                 safety
                 and
                 preservation
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 and
                 of
                 their
                 
                 Country
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 were
                 Fathers
                 he
                 put
                 in
                 mind
                 of
                 their
                 Children
                 :
                 Those
                 that
                 were
                 nobly
                 born
                 he
                 earnestly
                 press'd
                 and
                 exhorted
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 careful
                 to
                 avoid
                 what
                 ever
                 would
                 stain
                 the
                 Honor
                 and
                 Glory
                 of
                 their
                 Families
                 :
                 Those
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 advanc'd
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 for
                 their
                 former
                 good
                 Services
                 ,
                 he
                 advis'd
                 now
                 to
                 approve
                 themselves
                 worthy
                 of
                 those
                 marks
                 of
                 Honor
                 they
                 then
                 bore
                 .
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 them
                 in
                 mind
                 of
                 the
                 Trophies
                 at
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 earnestly
                 adjuring
                 them
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 prostitute
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 become
                 Slaves
                 to
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 Speech
                 ,
                 Nicias
                 return'd
                 to
                 the
                 Army
                 at
                 Land.
                 When
                 they
                 in
                 the
                 Fleet
                 had
                 Sung
                 the
                 †
                 Paean
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 out
                 with
                 a
                 Design
                 to
                 break
                 the
                 Blockade
                 at
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Harbour
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 sail'd
                 up
                 in
                 order
                 of
                 Battle
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 with
                 that
                 speed
                 that
                 they
                 drove
                 them
                 off
                 the
                 
                 Bomb
                 and
                 forc'd
                 them
                 to
                 Fight
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 confusion
                 some
                 Sail'd
                 towards
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 others
                 made
                 into
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 towards
                 the
                 Fortifications
                 ;
                 and
                 thus
                 their
                 Lines
                 being
                 broke
                 ,
                 the
                 Fleet
                 was
                 presently
                 separated
                 and
                 dispers'd
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 disappointed
                 ,
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 Fight
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 in
                 the
                 Harbour
                 it
                 little
                 
                 Squadrons
                 and
                 small
                 Parties
                 :
                 However
                 the
                 Fight
                 was
                 obstinate
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 exceeding
                 in
                 Number
                 of
                 Ships
                 ,
                 seeing
                 no
                 other
                 hopes
                 of
                 safety
                 ,
                 undauntedly
                 despis'd
                 all
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 and
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 die
                 Valiantly
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 knowing
                 their
                 Parents
                 and
                 Children
                 were
                 observing
                 them
                 ,
                 put
                 themselves
                 forth
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 striving
                 to
                 improve
                 his
                 Valour
                 ,
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Victory
                 for
                 his
                 Country
                 .
                 Many
                 there
                 were
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 their
                 Ships
                 were
                 pierced
                 through
                 by
                 the
                 violent
                 Assault
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 leapt
                 into
                 the
                 Ships
                 that
                 pierc'd
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 bravely
                 upon
                 their
                 Fore-castles
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 Others
                 with
                 grappling
                 Irons
                 ,
                 so
                 join'd
                 the
                 Ships
                 together
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 forc'd
                 their
                 Enemy
                 to
                 fight
                 on
                 Board
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 at
                 Land.
                 And
                 there
                 were
                 not
                 a
                 few
                 that
                 when
                 their
                 own
                 Ships
                 were
                 disabled
                 ,
                 boarded
                 their
                 Adversaries
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 and
                 threw
                 them
                 overboard
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 their
                 Vessels
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 crashing
                 of
                 Ships
                 one
                 against
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Cries
                 and
                 Shouts
                 of
                 the
                 Combatants
                 and
                 Dying
                 Men
                 ,
                 was
                 heard
                 in
                 every
                 Place
                 throughout
                 the
                 whole
                 Harbour
                 :
                 For
                 sometimes
                 one
                 single
                 Vessel
                 was
                 surrounded
                 ,
                 and
                 struck
                 through
                 with
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 many
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 Water
                 forcing
                 in
                 at
                 the
                 Breaches
                 ,
                 the
                 Ship
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Men
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 sunk
                 together
                 .
                 And
                 many
                 (
                 after
                 their
                 Ships
                 were
                 sunk
                 )
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 save
                 themselves
                 by
                 Swimming
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 struck
                 through
                 with
                 Darts
                 ,
                 and
                 wounded
                 with
                 Spears
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 miserably
                 perish'd
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Masters
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 were
                 amazed
                 ,
                 
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Confusion
                 and
                 Disorder
                 of
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 seeing
                 nothing
                 but
                 tumult
                 and
                 horror
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 one
                 Ship
                 often
                 set
                 upon
                 by
                 many
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 was
                 commanded
                 ,
                 not
                 regarded
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Advice
                 to
                 one
                 ,
                 disagreeable
                 to
                 the
                 Circumstances
                 of
                 another
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 all
                 ,
                 none
                 attending
                 to
                 what
                 was
                 said
                 .
                 For
                 what
                 by
                 Storms
                 of
                 Darts
                 ,
                 crashing
                 of
                 Ships
                 ,
                 brushing
                 off
                 of
                 Oars
                 ,
                 increase
                 of
                 Noise
                 and
                 Clamour
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 engag'd
                 ,
                 and
                 loud
                 Shouts
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 incouraging
                 them
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 none
                 heard
                 what
                 Orders
                 were
                 given
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Shoar
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 in
                 one
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Athenians
                 in
                 another
                 .
                 By
                 which
                 means
                 ,
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 driven
                 in
                 the
                 Fight
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 were
                 sometimes
                 succour'd
                 by
                 them
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 .
                 The
                 Spectators
                 upon
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 gave
                 great
                 Shouts
                 when
                 they
                 discerned
                 any
                 advantage
                 gain'd
                 by
                 their
                 Friends
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 danger
                 to
                 be
                 overcome
                 ,
                 they
                 fill'd
                 the
                 Air
                 with
                 doleful
                 Groans
                 and
                 Lamentations
                 ,
                 calling
                 upon
                 their
                 Gods
                 for
                 deliverance
                 .
                 Sometimes
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Gallies
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 were
                 destroy'd
                 under
                 the
                 very
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Kindred
                 and
                 Relations
                 Butcher'd
                 before
                 their
                 Faces
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 Parents
                 were
                 the
                 Eye-Witnesses
                 of
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 their
                 Children
                 ,
                 Wives
                 of
                 the
                 miserable
                 end
                 of
                 their
                 Husbands
                 ,
                 and
                 Brothers
                 of
                 their
                 Brothers
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 after
                 the
                 Fight
                 had
                 lasted
                 long
                 (
                 with
                 much
                 Slaughter
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 )
                 yet
                 the
                 Battel
                 was
                 still
                 carry'd
                 on
                 ,
                 for
                 none
                 (
                 never
                 so
                 greatly
                 press'd
                 )
                 durst
                 fly
                 to
                 Land.
                 For
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ask'd
                 them
                 which
                 made
                 towards
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 intended
                 to
                 Sail
                 to
                 Athens
                 by
                 Land
                 ?
                 So
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 on
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 demanded
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 fled
                 towards
                 them
                 ,
                 
                   Why
                   they
                   were
                   now
                   ready
                   
                   to
                   betray
                   their
                   Country
                   ,
                   who
                   would
                   not
                   suffer
                   them
                   that
                   staid
                   on
                   Shoar
                   to
                   imbarque
                   with
                   them
                   ?
                   Did
                   they
                   shut
                   up
                   the
                   Mouth
                   of
                   the
                   Harbour
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   they
                   
                   would
                   prevent
                   the
                   Escape
                   of
                   the
                   Enemy
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   they
                   themselves
                   might
                   have
                   the
                   better
                   Excuse
                   to
                   fly
                   to
                   the
                   Shoar
                   ?
                   And
                   being
                   that
                   every
                   Man
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   die
                   ,
                   what
                   more
                   honourable
                   Death
                   could
                   they
                   desire
                   ,
                   than
                   that
                   for
                   their
                   Country
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   now
                   a
                   witness
                   of
                   the
                   Engagement
                   ,
                   and
                   whom
                   they
                   basely
                   and
                   sordidly
                   desert
                   ?
                
                 With
                 these
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 Reproaches
                 did
                 they
                 who
                 fled
                 to
                 Land
                 ,
                 meet
                 with
                 from
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 plac'd
                 on
                 the
                 Shoar
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 they
                 return'd
                 to
                 the
                 Battel
                 ,
                 though
                 greatly
                 disabled
                 in
                 their
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Bodies
                 so
                 wounded
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 scarce
                 able
                 to
                 defend
                 themselves
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 Athenians
                 nearest
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fly
                 .
                 Presently
                 after
                 ,
                 they
                 that
                 
                 were
                 next
                 gave
                 back
                 ,
                 till
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 made
                 away
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 pursu'd
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Shout
                 .
                 Those
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 that
                 escap'd
                 (
                 being
                 driven
                 upon
                 the
                 Shelves
                 and
                 Sands
                 )
                 leap'd
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 broken
                 and
                 shatter'd
                 
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 and
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Land
                 Army
                 .
                 The
                 Harbour
                 was
                 now
                 full
                 of
                 Arms
                 and
                 Wrecks
                 of
                 Ships
                 every
                 where
                 .
                 Threescore
                 of
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Ships
                 were
                 absolutely
                 destroy'd
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 Eight
                 were
                 lost
                 ,
                 and
                 Eleven
                 disabled
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 tow'd
                 as
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Gallies
                 to
                 the
                 Shoar
                 as
                 they
                 could
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 out
                 the
                 Dead
                 Bodies
                 of
                 their
                 Citizens
                 and
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 them
                 an
                 Honourable
                 Burial
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 throng'd
                 together
                 to
                 the
                 Generals
                 Tents
                 ,
                 desiring
                 them
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 to
                 regard
                 the
                 Ships
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 preservation
                 both
                 of
                 
                 themselves
                 and
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 .
                 Thereupon
                 Demostbenes
                 declar'd
                 that
                 more
                 Ships
                 were
                 forthwith
                 to
                 be
                 man'd
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 force
                 the
                 Blockade
                 ,
                 which
                 if
                 done
                 presently
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 all
                 easily
                 escape
                 .
              
               
                 Nicias
                 was
                 of
                 a
                 contrary
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 and
                 advis'd
                 the
                 leaving
                 the
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 march
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 heart
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 to
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ;
                 whose
                 Opinion
                 all
                 embrac'd
                 :
                 And
                 having
                 burnt
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 they
                 forthwith
                 made
                 it
                 their
                 business
                 to
                 march
                 away
                 .
                 Their
                 Design
                 of
                 Decamping
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 being
                 known
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 Hermocrates
                 advis'd
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 to
                 draw
                 out
                 all
                 their
                 Forces
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 stop
                 all
                 the
                 Passes
                 on
                 the
                 High-Ways
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Officers
                 not
                 approving
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 because
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 were
                 wounded
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 wearied
                 and
                 tir'd
                 out
                 by
                 the
                 late
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 sent
                 some
                 Horsemen
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 Camp
                 ,
                 to
                 inform
                 them
                 that
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 had
                 laid
                 all
                 the
                 Ways
                 with
                 Souldiers
                 to
                 intrap
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 March.
                 The
                 Horse
                 coming
                 in
                 late
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 Athenians
                 believing
                 they
                 were
                 sent
                 out
                 of
                 kindness
                 to
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 Leontines
                 )
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 perplexity
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 stay'd
                 at
                 present
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 ;
                 though
                 they
                 might
                 have
                 pass'd
                 with
                 great
                 safety
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 not
                 been
                 thus
                 deluded
                 .
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 therefore
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 light
                 ,
                 sent
                 out
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 secur'd
                 all
                 the
                 narrow
                 Passes
                 on
                 the
                 Road.
                 The
                 Athenians
                 divided
                 the
                 Army
                 into
                 Two
                 Parts
                 ,
                 their
                 Sick
                 Men
                 and
                 *
                 Carriages
                 they
                 plac'd
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 ;
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 strong
                 and
                 able
                 to
                 fight
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 and
                 Rear
                 :
                 Demosthenes
                 led
                 these
                 ,
                 and
                 Nicias
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 they
                 march'd
                 towards
                 Catana
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 drew
                 Fifty
                 Gallies
                 left
                 behind
                 ,
                 with
                 Ropes
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 ordered
                 all
                 their
                 Sea-men
                 and
                 Souldiers
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 arm'd
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 pursu'd
                 after
                 the
                 Athenians
                 
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 continually
                 vexed
                 ,
                 galled
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 tir'd
                 out
                 the
                 
                 Rear
                 .
                 Pressing
                 thus
                 upon
                 their
                 Backs
                 for
                 Three
                 Days
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 possessing
                 all
                 the
                 Passes
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Way
                 to
                 Catana
                 was
                 quite
                 blockt
                 up
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 being
                 chas'd
                 through
                 the
                 Helorine
                 Way
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Assinarus
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 going
                 forward
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 absolutely
                 coup'd
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 kill'd
                 Eighteen
                 Thousand
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Seven
                 Thousand
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 among
                 whom
                 were
                 Demosthenes
                 and
                 Nicias
                 the
                 Generals
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 were
                 given
                 as
                 a
                 Prey
                 to
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 no
                 Way
                 being
                 left
                 to
                 escape
                 )
                 were
                 
                 forc'd
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 their
                 Arms
                 but
                 themselves
                 ,
                 as
                 Captives
                 to
                 their
                 Enemy's
                 Mercy
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 this
                 happy
                 Success
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 erected
                 Two
                 Trophies
                 ,
                 and
                 fixt
                 to
                 them
                 the
                 Arms
                 of
                 the
                 Generals
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 return'd
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 gave
                 publick
                 Thanks
                 unto
                 the
                 Gods.
                 The
                 next
                 Day
                 an
                 Assembly
                 was
                 call'd
                 ,
                 to
                 consider
                 what
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 with
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 .
                 There
                 Diocles
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 highest
                 Esteem
                 among
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 deliver'd
                 his
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Athenian
                   Generals
                   should
                   be
                   first
                   Scourg'd
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   put
                   Death
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Prisoners
                   should
                   be
                   sent
                   to
                   the
                   Quarries
                   .
                   And
                   that
                   they
                   that
                   had
                   any
                   ways
                   assisted
                   the
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   sold
                   under
                   the
                   Spear
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   no
                   more
                   than
                   Two
                   ‖
                   Cotyles
                   of
                   Corn
                   a
                   Day
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   allow'd
                   to
                   every
                   Prisoner
                   .
                
                 When
                 the
                 Decree
                 was
                 read
                 ,
                 Hermocrates
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 Assembly
                 began
                 to
                 speak
                 ,
                 and
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   it
                   was
                   more
                   commendable
                   to
                   use
                   a
                   Victory
                   with
                   Moderation
                   and
                   Humanity
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   overcome
                   .
                
              
               
                 The
                 People
                 murmuring
                 and
                 grumbling
                 at
                 this
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 pleasing
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 one
                 Nicholaus
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 lost
                 Two
                 Sons
                 in
                 this
                 War
                 ,
                 ascends
                 the
                 Desk
                 ,
                 supported
                 by
                 his
                 Servants
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 Age.
                 At
                 which
                 the
                 People
                 ceas'd
                 their
                 Murmuing
                 ,
                 supposing
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 sharp
                 against
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 .
                 Silence
                 being
                 made
                 ,
                 the
                 Old
                 Man
                 began
                 thus
                 ,
                 
                   Ye
                   Inhabitants
                   of
                   Syracuse
                   ,
                   I
                   my self
                   have
                   born
                   no
                   small
                   
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Calamities
                   of
                   this
                   War
                   ;
                   for
                   being
                   the
                   Father
                   of
                   Two
                   Sons
                   ,
                   I
                   readily
                   sent
                   them
                   forth
                   to
                   venture
                   their
                   Lives
                   for
                   the
                   defence
                   of
                   their
                   Country
                   ;
                   
                   and
                   for
                   them
                   were
                   sent
                   a
                   Messenger
                   ,
                   who
                   inform'd
                   〈…〉
                   e
                   of
                   the
                   Death
                   of
                   them
                   both
                   ;
                   and
                   though
                   I
                   am
                   every
                   Day
                   desiring
                   they
                   were
                   alive
                   ,
                   yet
                   considering
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   their
                   Deaths
                   ,
                   I
                   cannot
                   but
                   judge
                   them
                   happy
                   ,
                   and
                   bewail
                   my
                   own
                   Life
                   ,
                   and
                   count
                   my self
                   most
                   miserable
                   :
                   For
                   they
                   by
                   losing
                   of
                   their
                   Lives
                   ,
                   (
                   which
                   as
                   a
                   Debt
                   to
                   Nature
                   ,
                   they
                   must
                   of
                   necessity
                   some
                   time
                   or
                   other
                   have
                   parted
                   with
                   )
                   for
                   the
                   safety
                   of
                   their
                   Country
                   ,
                   have
                   left
                   an
                   immortal
                   Honour
                   behind
                   them
                   .
                   But
                   I
                   now
                   in
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   my
                   Days
                   ,
                   being
                   depriv'd
                   of
                   the
                   helps
                   of
                   my
                   old
                   Age
                   ,
                   am
                   doubly
                   afflicted
                   ,
                   whilst
                   I
                   have
                   both
                   lost
                   my
                   Children
                   ,
                   and
                   likewise
                   all
                   hopes
                   of
                   Posterity
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   more
                   glorious
                   their
                   ends
                   
                   were
                   ,
                   the
                   more
                   grateful
                   and
                   desirable
                   is
                   their
                   Memory
                   ;
                   therefore
                   the
                   very
                   Name
                   of
                   the
                   Athenians
                   is
                   most
                   deservedly
                   hateful
                   to
                   me
                   ,
                   whom
                   you
                   see
                   led
                   and
                   supported
                   by
                   the
                   Hands
                   of
                   my
                   Servants
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   of
                   my
                   Children
                   .
                   Ye
                   Syracusians
                   ,
                   if
                   I
                   had
                   discerned
                   that
                   this
                   present
                   Assembly
                   had
                   been
                   appointed
                   to
                   consult
                   and
                   advise
                   something
                   in
                   favour
                   of
                   the
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   I
                   should
                   (
                   as
                   Justly
                   I
                   might
                   )
                   for
                   the
                   many
                   Slaughters
                   and
                   Calamities
                   brought
                   by
                   them
                   upon
                   the
                   Country
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   my
                   own
                   particular
                   Miseries
                   ,
                   most
                   bitterly
                   inveigh
                   against
                   them
                   .
                   But
                   seeing
                   we
                   are
                   here
                   debating
                   about
                   shewing
                   Compassion
                   to
                   the
                   Afflicted
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   to
                   spread
                   Abroad
                   through
                   all
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   the
                   Honour
                   and
                   Glory
                   of
                   the
                   People
                   of
                   Syracuse
                   ,
                   I
                   now
                   desire
                   with
                   all
                   †
                   Lenity
                   and
                   Gentleness
                   ,
                   to
                   propose
                   what
                   I
                   conceive
                   may
                   be
                   every
                   way
                   for
                   the
                   advantage
                   of
                   the
                   Commonweath
                   .
                   The
                   Athenians
                   indeed
                   have
                   justly
                   deserved
                   to
                   undergo
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Punishments
                   for
                   their
                   Madness
                   and
                   Folly
                   :
                   In
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   for
                   their
                   Impiety
                   towards
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   and
                   next
                   for
                   their
                   great
                   injury
                   done
                   to
                   us
                   .
                   God
                   is
                   certainly
                   good
                   in
                   this
                   ,
                   in
                   bringing
                   those
                   into
                   Misery
                   and
                   Distress
                   ,
                   who
                   not
                   contented
                   with
                   their
                   own
                   abundance
                   ,
                   fall
                   by
                   an
                   unjust
                   War
                   upon
                   others
                   .
                   Who
                   would
                   ever
                   have
                   thought
                   that
                   the
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   who
                   had
                   brought
                   over
                   Ten
                   Thousand
                   Talents
                   from
                   Delos
                   ,
                   and
                   invaded
                   Sicily
                   with
                   a
                   Fleet
                   of
                   Two
                   Hundred
                   Sail
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   an
                   Army
                   of
                   Forty
                   Thousand
                   Men
                   ,
                   should
                   have
                   
                   been
                   brought
                   so
                   low
                   ,
                   into
                   such
                   Calamities
                   as
                   now
                   they
                   are
                   ?
                   For
                   after
                   so
                   so
                   great
                   a
                   Preparation
                   ,
                   neither
                   Ship
                   nor
                   Man
                   return'd
                   to
                   bring
                   the
                   News
                   of
                   their
                   destruction
                   .
                   And
                   now
                   ,
                   O
                   ye
                   Syracusians
                   ,
                   since
                   ye
                   see
                   by
                   experience
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Proud
                   and
                   Ambitious
                   are
                   hateful
                   both
                   to
                   God
                   and
                   Man
                   ,
                   (
                   adoring
                   the
                   Deity
                   )
                   take
                   heed
                   of
                   doing
                   any
                   thing
                   cruel
                   and
                   inhumane
                   .
                   For
                   what
                   Honour
                   is
                   it
                   ,
                   to
                   destroy
                   him
                   that
                   lies
                   prostrate
                   at
                   our
                   Feet
                   ?
                   What
                   glory
                   to
                   be
                   sierce
                   and
                   cruel
                   in
                   taking
                   Revenge
                   ?
                   For
                   he
                   that
                   is
                   Implacable
                   towards
                   Men
                   
                   in
                   Distress
                   ,
                   is
                   injurious
                   to
                   the
                   common
                   frailty
                   and
                   weakness
                   of
                   Mankind
                   .
                   No
                   Man
                   is
                   so
                   subtil
                   as
                   to
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   baffle
                   Fate
                   ;
                   who
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   sporting
                   her self
                   in
                   Mens
                   Miseries
                   ,
                   oftentimes
                   on
                   a
                   sudden
                   draws
                   a
                   black
                   Cloud
                   over
                   their
                   Prosperity
                   .
                   And
                   here
                   perhaps
                   some
                   may
                   say
                   ,
                   The
                   Athenians
                   have
                   most
                   unjustly
                   committed
                   many
                   Slaughters
                   among
                   us
                   ,
                   and
                   now
                   we
                   have
                   power
                   to
                   take
                   full
                   revenge
                   .
                   Have
                   not
                   the
                   Athenians
                   suffered
                   already
                   above
                   the
                   degree
                   and
                   measure
                   of
                   their
                   Offence
                   ?
                   Have
                   ye
                   not
                   sufficiently
                   punished
                   the
                   Prisoners
                   ?
                   Consider
                   when
                   they
                   deliver'd
                   up
                   themselves
                   with
                   their
                   Arms
                   into
                   your
                   Hands
                   ,
                   they
                   did
                   it
                   relying
                   upon
                   the
                   mercy
                   of
                   the
                   Conquerors
                   .
                   Therefore
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   a
                   base
                   thing
                   ,
                   to
                   deceive
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   good
                   Opinion
                   and
                   Hope
                   they
                   had
                   of
                   your
                   Humanity
                   .
                   Certainly
                   they
                   that
                   are
                   implacable
                   and
                   obstinate
                   in
                   their
                   Hatred
                   ,
                   will
                   sight
                   it
                   out
                   to
                   the
                   last
                   ;
                   but
                   these
                   instead
                   of
                   Enemies
                   ,
                   gave
                   up
                   themselves
                   to
                   you
                   as
                   Suppliants
                   .
                   For
                   they
                   that
                   render
                   their
                   Bodies
                   to
                   the
                   Enemy
                   
                   in
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   Battel
                   ,
                   undoubtedly
                   do
                   it
                   in
                   hopes
                   of
                   Preservation
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   they
                   are
                   hurried
                   to
                   Execution
                   (
                   though
                   they
                   were
                   perswaded
                   to
                   the
                   contrary
                   )
                   they
                   indeed
                   fall
                   into
                   an
                   unexpected
                   Calamity
                   ;
                   but
                   they
                   who
                   act
                   so
                   Cruelly
                   ,
                   may
                   justly
                   be
                   termed
                   *
                   raging
                   Fools
                   :
                   But
                   it
                   becomes
                   those
                   who
                   would
                   rule
                   others
                   ,
                   to
                   recommend
                   themselves
                   rather
                   by
                   Mercy
                   and
                   Clemency
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   seek
                   to
                   establish
                   their
                   Grandeur
                   by
                   Force
                   and
                   Power
                   .
                   For
                   they
                   who
                   are
                   driven
                   to
                   Obedience
                   through
                   Fear
                   ,
                   are
                   ready
                   to
                   execute
                   their
                   Hatred
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   see
                   their
                   opportunity
                   to
                   Rebel
                   .
                   But
                   they
                   love
                   those
                   that
                   rule
                   them
                   with
                   gentleness
                   and
                   moderation
                   ,
                   and
                   do
                   all
                   they
                   can
                   to
                   advance
                   and
                   strengthen
                   their
                   interest
                   .
                   What
                   overthrew
                   the
                   Empire
                   of
                   the
                   Medes
                   ,
                   but
                   then
                   cruelty
                   to
                   their
                   Subjects
                   ?
                   For
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   the
                   Persians
                   made
                   a
                   defection
                   ,
                   most
                   of
                   the
                   Nations
                   together
                   with
                   them
                   rebell'd
                   .
                   How
                   did
                   Cyrus
                   who
                   was
                   but
                   a
                   Private
                   Man
                   ,
                   gain
                   the
                   Sovereignty
                   of
                   all
                   Asia
                   ,
                   but
                   by
                   his
                   Courtesie
                   and
                   Kindness
                   to
                   those
                   he
                   had
                   subdu'd
                   ?
                   He
                   did
                   not
                   only
                   forbear
                   to
                   execute
                   cruelty
                   upon
                   King
                   
                   Cresus
                   ,
                   but
                   heap'd
                   many
                   Favours
                   upon
                   him
                   .
                   And
                   such
                   was
                   his
                   Practice
                   towards
                   other
                   Kings
                   and
                   People
                   :
                   His
                   Mercy
                   and
                   Lenity
                   being
                   thereupon
                   published
                   in
                   every
                   Place
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   of
                   Asia
                   flock'd
                   together
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   strove
                   to
                   be
                   his
                   Confederates
                   .
                   But
                   why
                   do
                   I
                   speak
                   of
                   Times
                   and
                   Places
                   so
                   far
                   remote
                   ,
                   when
                   in
                   this
                   very
                   City
                   of
                   ours
                   ,
                   Gelon
                   from
                   an
                   ordinary
                   Man
                   ,
                   became
                   Prince
                   of
                   all
                   Sicily
                   ;
                   all
                   the
                   Cities
                   giving
                   up
                   themselves
                   freely
                   to
                   his
                   Government
                   ?
                   The
                   Courtesie
                   and
                   winning
                   Behaviour
                   of
                   the
                   Man
                   ,
                   gain'd
                   upon
                   
                   every
                   Person
                   ,
                   especially
                   his
                   tenderness
                   towards
                   them
                   that
                   were
                   in
                   Distress
                   .
                   Therefore
                   guided
                   by
                   this
                   Example
                   (
                   at
                   a
                   time
                   when
                   this
                   our
                   City
                   rul'd
                   over
                   all
                   Sicily
                   )
                   let
                   us
                   not
                   slight
                   that
                   which
                   was
                   so
                   commendable
                   in
                   our
                   Ancestors
                   ,
                   nor
                   behave
                   our selves
                   like
                   Beasts
                   ,
                   fierce
                   and
                   inexorable
                   towards
                   Men
                   in
                   Misery
                   .
                   It
                   will
                   ill
                   become
                   us
                   to
                   give
                   occasion
                   to
                   those
                   that
                   envy
                   us
                   ,
                   to
                   say
                   †
                   that
                   we
                   us'd
                   our
                   Success
                   and
                   Prosperity
                   unworthily
                   .
                   How
                   desirable
                   a
                   thing
                   is
                   it
                   when
                   we
                   are
                   in
                   Affliction
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   some
                   to
                   sympathize
                   with
                   us
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   we
                   are
                   in
                   Prosperity
                   ,
                   to
                   have
                   others
                   to
                   rejoyce
                   with
                   us
                   !
                   Victory
                   is
                   many
                   times
                   gain'd
                   by
                   Fortune
                   and
                   Chance
                   ,
                   but
                   Humanity
                   and
                   Mercy
                   in
                   a
                   time
                   of
                   Success
                   ,
                   are
                   clear
                   instances
                   of
                   the
                   Virtue
                   of
                   the
                   Conqueror
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Wherefore
                   envy
                   not
                   your
                   Country
                   this
                   Honour
                   ,
                   whereby
                   they
                   will
                   be
                   Famous
                   all
                   the
                   World
                   over
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   shall
                   be
                   said
                   that
                   it
                   did
                   not
                   only
                   overcome
                   the
                   Athenians
                   by
                   Arms
                   ,
                   but
                   by
                   Mercy
                   and
                   Humanity
                   .
                   And
                   hence
                   it
                   will
                   appear
                   that
                   they
                   who
                   ingross
                   to
                   themselves
                   all
                   the
                   praise
                   and
                   commendation
                   due
                   to
                   Mercy
                   and
                   Generosity
                   ,
                   are
                   far
                   out-done
                   by
                   your
                   Lenity
                   and
                   Compassion
                   .
                   And
                   that
                   they
                   who
                   first
                   dedicated
                   an
                   Altar
                   to
                   Mercy
                   ,
                   may
                   find
                   the
                   very
                   same
                   in
                   the
                   City
                   of
                   Syracuse
                   .
                   And
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   a
                   convincing
                   Argument
                   to
                   all
                   Mankind
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   were
                   most
                   justly
                   cut
                   off
                   ,
                   and
                   we
                   most
                   deservedly
                   crown'd
                   with
                   Success
                   ;
                   because
                   they
                   so
                   unjustly
                   fell
                   upon
                   those
                   who
                   afterwards
                   shew'd
                   Mercy
                   to
                   such
                   implacable
                   Enemies
                   ;
                   
                   and
                   that
                   we
                   overcame
                   such
                   a
                   sort
                   of
                   Men
                   as
                   most
                   unjustly
                   made
                   War
                   upon
                   them
                   who
                   learnt
                   to
                   shew
                   Mercy
                   even
                   by
                   the
                   Cruelty
                   and
                   Injustice
                   of
                   their
                   Enemies
                   .
                   And
                   hence
                   will
                   follow
                   that
                   the
                   Athenians
                   shall
                   not
                   only
                   undergo
                   the
                   Censures
                   of
                   others
                   ,
                   but
                   will
                   likewise
                   condemn
                   themselves
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   should
                   endeavour
                   by
                   an
                   unjust
                   War
                   to
                   destroy
                   such
                   Men.
                   It
                   is
                   certainly
                   a
                   most
                   comenable
                   thing
                   ,
                   to
                   lay
                   the
                   first
                   Foundation
                   of
                   Friendship
                   ,
                   and
                   extinguish
                   Dissentions
                   ,
                   
                   by
                   shewing
                   of
                   Mercy
                   .
                   A
                   good
                   understanding
                   amongst
                   Friends
                   ,
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   everlasting
                   ,
                   but
                   Enmity
                   with
                   Adversaries
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   but
                   temporary
                   .
                   By
                   this
                   means
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   Friends
                   would
                   increase
                   ,
                   and
                   Enemies
                   would
                   be
                   the
                   fewer
                   .
                   But
                   to
                   continue
                   Hatred
                   and
                   Discord
                   for
                   ever
                   ,
                   and
                   intail
                   them
                   to
                   Posterity
                   ,
                   is
                   neither
                   just
                   nor
                   safe
                   .
                   For
                   sometimes
                   it
                   falls
                   out
                   that
                   they
                   who
                   now
                   seem
                   to
                   be
                   more
                   potent
                   than
                   the
                   other
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   moment
                   are
                   brought
                   lower
                   than
                   those
                   they
                   formerly
                   overcame
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   clearly
                   evinced
                   to
                   us
                   by
                   the
                   event
                   of
                   the
                   present
                   War.
                   They
                   who
                   even
                   now
                   besieg'd
                   our
                   City
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   that
                   purpose
                   hemm'd
                   us
                   in
                   with
                   a
                   Wall
                   ,
                   by
                   a
                   turn
                   of
                   Fortune
                   are
                   now
                   become
                   our
                   Prisoners
                   ,
                   as
                   you
                   all
                   see
                   :
                   It
                   's
                   therefore
                   our
                   great
                   Prudence
                   in
                   the
                   Miseries
                   of
                   others
                   ,
                   to
                   shew
                   Compassion
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   
                   expect
                   to
                   find
                   the
                   same
                   our selves
                   in
                   their
                   Condition
                   .
                   This
                   present
                   Life
                   is
                   full
                   of
                   Paradoxes
                   and
                   Mutations
                   ,
                   as
                   Seditions
                   ,
                   Robberies
                   ,
                   Wars
                   ,
                   among
                   which
                   Humane
                   Nature
                   can
                   scarce
                   avoid
                   loss
                   and
                   prejudice
                   :
                   Therefore
                   if
                   we
                   shut
                   up
                   all
                   Bowels
                   of
                   Mercy
                   towards
                   the
                   Distressed
                   and
                   Vanquished
                   ,
                   we
                   establish
                   a
                   bloody
                   Law
                   for
                   ever
                   against
                   our selves
                   .
                   For
                   it
                   's
                   impossible
                   that
                   they
                   who
                   are
                   cruel
                   towards
                   others
                   ,
                   should
                   find
                   Mercy
                   afterwards
                   themselves
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   they
                   that
                   act
                   barbarously
                   should
                   be
                   gently
                   used
                   ;
                   or
                   that
                   those
                   who
                   destroy
                   so
                   many
                   Men
                   against
                   the
                   common
                   custom
                   of
                   the
                   Greeks
                   ,
                   when
                   a
                   change
                   of
                   Fortune
                   comes
                   ,
                   should
                   obtain
                   the
                   common
                   Rights
                   and
                   Privileges
                   of
                   all
                   other
                   Men.
                   For
                   which
                   of
                   the
                   Grecians
                   ever
                   put
                   to
                   Death
                   those
                   that
                   submitted
                   and
                   delivered
                   up
                   themselves
                   upon
                   hopes
                   and
                   belief
                   of
                   Mercy
                   from
                   the
                   Conquerors
                   ?
                   Or
                   who
                   ever
                   prefer'd
                   Cruelty
                   before
                   Mercy
                   ?
                   or
                   Precipitation
                   and
                   Rashness
                   before
                   Prudence
                   ?
                   All
                   Mankind
                   indeed
                   agree
                   in
                   this
                   ,
                   to
                   destroy
                   an
                   Enemy
                   in
                   Fight
                   by
                   all
                   ways
                   imaginable
                   ;
                   but
                   yet
                   to
                   spare
                   those
                   who
                   submit
                   and
                   yield
                   up
                   themselves
                   .
                   For
                   in
                   the
                   one
                   case
                   Obstinacy
                   is
                   corrected
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   other
                   Mercy
                   is
                   exercised
                   .
                   For
                   our
                   Rage
                   is
                   naturally
                   cool'd
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   see
                   him
                   that
                   was
                   an
                   Enemy
                   ,
                   upon
                   change
                   of
                   his
                   Fortune
                   ,
                   now
                   lye
                   at
                   our
                   Foot
                   ,
                   submitting
                   himself
                   to
                   the
                   will
                   and
                   pleasure
                   of
                   the
                   Conqueror
                   :
                   Especially
                   Men
                   of
                   mild
                   and
                   good
                   Tempers
                   are
                   toucht
                   with
                   a
                   Sense
                   of
                   Compassion
                   ,
                   through
                   Affection
                   to
                   the
                   same
                   Common
                   Nature
                   with
                   themselves
                   .
                   Even
                   
                   the
                   Athenians
                   in
                   the
                   Peloponesian
                   War
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   took
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   Lacedemonians
                   in
                   the
                   Illand
                   Sphacteria
                   ,
                   yet
                   restor'd
                   them
                   to
                   the
                   Spartans
                   upon
                   Ransom
                   .
                   The
                   Lacedemonians
                   likewise
                   when
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   Athenians
                   and
                   their
                   Confederates
                   fell
                   into
                   their
                   Hands
                   ,
                   used
                   the
                   like
                   Clemency
                   ;
                   and
                   it
                   was
                   Honourably
                   done
                   of
                   them
                   both
                   :
                   For
                   Grecians
                   should
                   lay
                   aside
                   their
                   Enmity
                   after
                   Conquest
                   ,
                   and
                   forbear
                   Punishment
                   after
                   the
                   Enemy
                   is
                   subdu'd
                   .
                   He
                   that
                   revenges
                   himself
                   upon
                   the
                   Conquered
                   ,
                   after
                   he
                   hath
                   submitted
                   to
                   Mercy
                   ,
                   punishes
                   not
                   an
                   Enemy
                   ,
                   but
                   rather
                   wickedly
                   insults
                   over
                   the
                   weakness
                   of
                   Mankind
                   .
                   Concerning
                   this
                   severity
                   one
                   made
                   use
                   of
                   these
                   Savings
                   of
                   the
                   ancient
                   Philosophers
                   ,
                   
                     O
                     man
                     !
                     be
                     not
                     overwise
                     .
                     Know
                     thy self
                     .
                     Consider
                     Fortune
                     commands
                     all
                     things
                     .
                  
                   What
                   I
                   beseech
                   you
                   was
                   the
                   Reason
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   Grecians
                   in
                   former
                   Ages
                   ,
                   after
                   their
                   Victories
                   ,
                   did
                   not
                   make
                   their
                   Trophies
                   of
                   Stone
                   ,
                   but
                   of
                   ordinary
                   Wood
                   ?
                   Was
                   it
                   not
                   that
                   as
                   they
                   continu'd
                   but
                   a
                   short
                   time
                   ,
                   so
                   the
                   Memory
                   of
                   former
                   Feuds
                   and
                   Differences
                   should
                   in
                   a
                   little
                   time
                   vanish
                   ?
                   If
                   you
                   are
                   resolv'd
                   to
                   perpetuate
                   your
                   Hatred
                   and
                   Animosities
                   ,
                   then
                   learn
                   first
                   to
                   slight
                   the
                   inconstancy
                   of
                   Humane
                   Affairs
                   .
                   Many
                   times
                   a
                   small
                   occasion
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   little
                   turn
                   of
                   Fortune
                   ,
                   has
                   given
                   a
                   check
                   to
                   the
                   Insolencies
                   of
                   the
                   Proudest
                   of
                   Men.
                   And
                   if
                   you
                   purpose
                   at
                   any
                   time
                   to
                   put
                   an
                   end
                   to
                   the
                   War
                   (
                   which
                   is
                   probable
                   )
                   how
                   can
                   you
                   have
                   a
                   better
                   opportunity
                   than
                   this
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   by
                   your
                   Mercy
                   and
                   Clemency
                   towards
                   the
                   Conquered
                   ,
                   you
                   lay
                   the
                   Foundations
                   of
                   Peace
                   and
                   
                   Amity
                   ?
                   Do
                   you
                   think
                   the
                   Athenians
                   by
                   this
                   loss
                   in
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   have
                   no
                   more
                   Forces
                   left
                   ,
                   who
                   are
                   Lords
                   almost
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Islands
                   of
                   Greece
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   Sea-Coasts
                   of
                   Europe
                   and
                   Asia
                   ?
                   For
                   not
                   long
                   ago
                   ,
                   though
                   they
                   lost
                   Three
                   Hundred
                   Gallies
                   in
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   yet
                   they
                   compell'd
                   the
                   King
                   (
                   who
                   seem'd
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Conqueror
                   )
                   to
                   make
                   Peace
                   with
                   them
                   upon
                   Terms
                   on
                   his
                   Part
                   dishonourable
                   .
                   And
                   heretofore
                   
                   though
                   Xerxes
                   had
                   destroy'd
                   their
                   City
                   ,
                   yet
                   not
                   long
                   after
                   they
                   overcame
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   became
                   Masters
                   of
                   all
                   Greece
                   .
                   This
                   noble
                   City
                   thrives
                   in
                   the
                   midst
                   of
                   the
                   greatest
                   Calamities
                   ,
                   and
                   nothing
                   small
                   and
                   mean
                   is
                   the
                   subject
                   of
                   any
                   of
                   its
                   Consultations
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   it
                   is
                   both
                   honourable
                   and
                   profitable
                   ,
                   that
                   we
                   should
                   rather
                   (
                   by
                   sparing
                   the
                   Captives
                   )
                   enter
                   into
                   a
                   League
                   of
                   Friendship
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   widen
                   the
                   breach
                   by
                   destroying
                   of
                   them
                   .
                   For
                   if
                   we
                   put
                   them
                   to
                   Death
                   ,
                   we
                   only
                   gratify
                   our
                   Rage
                   with
                   a
                   little
                   unprofitable
                   Pleasure
                   for
                   the
                   present
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   we
                   preserve
                   them
                   ,
                   they
                   (
                   whom
                   we
                   use
                   so
                   well
                   )
                   will
                   be
                   for
                   
                   ever
                   grateful
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   all
                   Mankind
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   reap
                   eternal
                   Praise
                   and
                   Honour
                   .
                   *
                   Yea
                   ,
                   but
                   may
                   some
                   say
                   ,
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Grecians
                   have
                   kill'd
                   their
                   Prisoners
                   .
                   What
                   then
                   ?
                   if
                   they
                   have
                   been
                   prais'd
                   and
                   honour'd
                   for
                   this
                   Cruelty
                   ,
                   let
                   us
                   then
                   imitate
                   them
                   who
                   have
                   been
                   so
                   careful
                   to
                   preserve
                   their
                   Honour
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   the
                   best
                   and
                   chiefest
                   among
                   us
                   justly
                   condemn
                   them
                   ,
                   let
                   not
                   us
                   do
                   the
                   same
                   things
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   who
                   did
                   apparently
                   so
                   wickedly
                   .
                   As
                   long
                   as
                   these
                   Men
                   who
                   have
                   yielded
                   up
                   themselves
                   to
                   our
                   Mercy
                   ,
                   suffer
                   nothing
                   sad
                   and
                   doleful
                   from
                   us
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   Nations
                   will
                   blame
                   the
                   Athenians
                   :
                   But
                   when
                   they
                   hear
                   that
                   you
                   have
                   destroy'd
                   the
                   Prisoners
                   against
                   the
                   Law
                   of
                   Nations
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   Shame
                   and
                   Disgrace
                   will
                   fall
                   upon
                   your selves
                   .
                   And
                   if
                   there
                   be
                   any
                   regard
                   to
                   desert
                   ,
                   we
                   may
                   consider
                   that
                   the
                   glory
                   of
                   the
                   City
                   of
                   Athens
                   is
                   such
                   ,
                   that
                   all
                   acknowledge
                   themselves
                   bound
                   to
                   be
                   grateful
                   for
                   the
                   Benesits
                   and
                   Advantages
                   reapt
                   from
                   thence
                   .
                   These
                   are
                   they
                   who
                   first
                   enobled
                   Greece
                   with
                   †
                   civil
                   Education
                   ;
                   for
                   when
                   by
                   the
                   special
                   bounty
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   only
                   among
                   them
                   ,
                   they
                   freely
                   imparted
                   it
                   to
                   all
                   others
                   .
                   These
                   fram'd
                   Laws
                   ,
                   by
                   means
                   whereof
                   ,
                   Men
                   that
                   before
                   lived
                   like
                   Beasts
                   ,
                   were
                   brought
                   into
                   orderly
                   Society
                   to
                   live
                   together
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Rules
                   of
                   Justice
                   :
                   These
                   were
                   they
                   who
                   first
                   of
                   all
                   protected
                   those
                   in
                   Distress
                   that
                   fled
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   caused
                   the
                   Laws
                   for
                   the
                   receiving
                   and
                   defending
                   of
                   Suppliants
                   in
                   such
                   case
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   inviolably
                   observ'd
                   amongst
                   all
                   other
                   Nations
                   ;
                   and
                   it
                   were
                   a
                   most
                   unworthy
                   thing
                   now
                   to
                   deny
                   the
                   benefit
                   of
                   those
                   Laws
                   to
                   them
                   who
                   were
                   the
                   Authors
                   of
                   them
                   .
                   And
                   thus
                   
                   much
                   in
                   general
                   to
                   all
                   .
                   And
                   now
                   I
                   shall
                   hint
                   something
                   particularly
                   to
                   some
                   of
                   you
                   ,
                   concerning
                   the
                   Duties
                   incumbent
                   upon
                   such
                   as
                   should
                   have
                   regard
                   to
                   the
                   welfare
                   and
                   happiness
                   of
                   Mankind
                   .
                   You
                   that
                   are
                   the
                   Orators
                   and
                   Men
                   of
                   Learning
                   of
                   this
                   City
                   ,
                   You
                   I
                   say
                   have
                   Compassion
                   on
                   them
                   ,
                   whose
                   Country
                   is
                   the
                   Nursery
                   of
                   all
                   Learning
                   ,
                   and
                   honourable
                   Education
                   .
                   All
                   you
                   who
                   are
                   initiated
                   into
                   the
                   Holy
                   Mysteries
                   ,
                   spare
                   and
                   save
                   those
                   by
                   whom
                   ye
                   were
                   instructed
                   .
                   You
                   who
                   have
                   reaped
                   any
                   advantage
                   by
                   ingenious
                   Education
                   ,
                   now
                   be
                   grateful
                   for
                   that
                   advantage
                   .
                   You
                   who
                   hereafter
                   hope
                   for
                   improvement
                   
                   thence
                   ,
                   debar
                   not
                   your selves
                   by
                   your
                   Cruelty
                   now
                   .
                   For
                   where
                   shall
                   Strangers
                   be
                   instructed
                   in
                   the
                   liberal
                   Arts
                   ,
                   if
                   Athens
                   be
                   destroy'd
                   ?
                   Some
                   short
                   Resentment
                   indeed
                   they
                   do
                   deserve
                   for
                   the
                   present
                   Offence
                   ,
                   but
                   their
                   many
                   good
                   Acts
                   may
                   justly
                   challenge
                   Returns
                   of
                   kindess
                   and
                   good-will
                   .
                   Besides
                   this
                   merit
                   of
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   if
                   any
                   do
                   but
                   consider
                   the
                   private
                   Circumstances
                   of
                   the
                   Prisoners
                   ,
                   there
                   will
                   be
                   just
                   cause
                   and
                   ground
                   found
                   to
                   shew
                   them
                   Mercy
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   Confederates
                   being
                   under
                   the
                   command
                   of
                   their
                   Superiors
                   ,
                   are
                   forc'd
                   to
                   be
                   ingag'd
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   War
                   with
                   them
                   .
                   Wherefore
                   though
                   it
                   may
                   be
                   thought
                   just
                   to
                   execute
                   Revenge
                   upon
                   them
                   that
                   were
                   the
                   chief
                   Authors
                   of
                   the
                   Injuries
                   ,
                   yet
                   certainly
                   it
                   's
                   very
                   fit
                   and
                   commendable
                   to
                   pardon
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   Offenders
                   
                   against
                   their
                   Wills.
                   What
                   shall
                   I
                   say
                   of
                   Nicias
                   ?
                   who
                   from
                   the
                   beginning
                   (
                   favouring
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   )
                   dissuaded
                   the
                   Athenians
                   from
                   this
                   Expedition
                   against
                   Sicily
                   ;
                   and
                   was
                   always
                   kind
                   and
                   courteous
                   to
                   all
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   that
                   ever
                   came
                   thither
                   .
                   How
                   base
                   and
                   unworthy
                   then
                   would
                   it
                   be
                   to
                   put
                   Nicias
                   to
                   Death
                   ,
                   who
                   was
                   our
                   Advocate
                   in
                   the
                   Senate
                   at
                   Athens
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   he
                   (
                   finding
                   no
                   mercy
                   for
                   all
                   his
                   kindnesses
                   )
                   should
                   undergo
                   a
                   rigorous
                   and
                   implacable
                   Revenge
                   for
                   his
                   Obedience
                   to
                   his
                   Governors
                   ?
                   So
                   that
                   though
                   Alcibiades
                   (
                   who
                   was
                   the
                   great
                   promoter
                   of
                   this
                   War
                   )
                   avoided
                   by
                   his
                   flight
                   ,
                   Revenge
                   both
                   from
                   us
                   and
                   the
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   yet
                   he
                   who
                   was
                   the
                   most
                   courteous
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   cannot
                   be
                   thought
                   worthy
                   of
                   common
                   favour
                   .
                   Considering
                   therefore
                   the
                   Catastrophies
                   of
                   this
                   present
                   Life
                   ,
                   I
                   cannot
                   but
                   compassionate
                   so
                   ,
                   unfortunate
                   a
                   condition
                   .
                   For
                   not
                   long
                   ago
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   esteem'd
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   bravest
                   Men
                   of
                   Greece
                   ,
                   and
                   most
                   applauded
                   for
                   the
                   integrity
                   of
                   his
                   Life
                   and
                   Conversation
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Eyes
                   and
                   well-Wishes
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   City
                   every
                   where
                   follow'd
                   him
                   :
                   But
                   now
                   with
                   his
                   Arms
                   Pinion'd
                   in
                   Chains
                   of
                   Captivity
                   ,
                   of
                   a
                   
                   deform'd
                   Countenance
                   ,
                   suffering
                   under
                   the
                   miserable
                   condition
                   of
                   a
                   Slave
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   Fortune
                   in
                   this
                   Man's
                   Life
                   ,
                   glory'd
                   to
                   shew
                   the
                   greatness
                   of
                   her
                   power
                   ,
                   under
                   whose
                   bountiful
                   indulgence
                   towards
                   us
                   ,
                   we
                   ought
                   to
                   carry
                   it
                   (
                   as
                   becomes
                   the
                   state
                   and
                   condition
                   of
                   Men
                   )
                   with
                   Humanity
                   and
                   Moderation
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   to
                   insult
                   with
                   barbarous
                   Cruelty
                   ,
                   over
                   them
                   who
                   are
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Stock
                   and
                   Original
                   with
                   our selves
                   .
                
                 Nicholaus
                 having
                 thus
                 spoken
                 to
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 ended
                 his
                 Oration
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 affected
                 his
                 Auditors
                 with
                 Pity
                 and
                 Compassion
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Gylippus
                 the
                 Laconian
                 burning
                 with
                 implacable
                 Hatred
                 against
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 
                 ascends
                 the
                 Tribunal
                 ,
                 and
                 speaks
                 thus
                 ;
                 
                   I
                   am
                   in
                   great
                   admiration
                   ,
                   O
                   ye
                   Syracusians
                   ,
                   to
                   see
                   you
                   led
                   aside
                   by
                   inticing
                   Words
                   ,
                   even
                   while
                   you
                   are
                   under
                   the
                   smart
                   of
                   your
                   miserable
                   Butcheries
                   you
                   really
                   groan
                   under
                   .
                   If
                   in
                   the
                   very
                   height
                   of
                   Danger
                   you
                   are
                   so
                   cool
                   in
                   your
                   Revenge
                   towards
                   them
                   who
                   came
                   hither
                   on
                   purpose
                   to
                   ruin
                   your
                   Country
                   ,
                   why
                   do
                   we
                   contend
                   when
                   we
                   are
                   not
                   at
                   all
                   injur'd
                   ?
                   I
                   intreat
                   you
                   by
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   O
                   ye
                   Syracusians
                   ,
                   to
                   give
                   me
                   leave
                   ,
                   while
                   I
                   freely
                   declare
                   to
                   you
                   my
                   Opinion
                   :
                   For
                   being
                   a
                   Spartan
                   ,
                   I
                   must
                   be
                   forc'd
                   to
                   speak
                   after
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   the
                   Spartans
                   :
                   And
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   ,
                   some
                   may
                   inquire
                   ,
                   how
                   comes
                   it
                   to
                   pass
                   ,
                   that
                   Nicholaus
                   professes
                   himself
                   to
                   bear
                   so
                   much
                   Compassion
                   towards
                   the
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   who
                   have
                   made
                   his
                   Old
                   Age
                   the
                   more
                   miserable
                   by
                   the
                   Loss
                   of
                   his
                   Sons
                   ?
                   And
                   now
                   appears
                   in
                   the
                   Assembly
                   in
                   a
                   mournful
                   Habit
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   the
                   shedding
                   of
                   many
                   Tears
                   ,
                   pleads
                   for
                   mercy
                   for
                   them
                   who
                   have
                   murthered
                   his
                   own
                   Children
                   ?
                   Certainly
                   he
                   is
                   no
                   good
                   Man
                   ,
                   that
                   so
                   far
                   forgets
                   the
                   Death
                   of
                   his
                   nearest
                   Relations
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   ,
                   judge
                   
                   it
                   fit
                   and
                   just
                   to
                   spare
                   them
                   who
                   were
                   their
                   most
                   bitter
                   and
                   implacable
                   Enemies
                   .
                   How
                   many
                   are
                   here
                   present
                   now
                   in
                   this
                   great
                   Assembly
                   ,
                   who
                   are
                   lamenting
                   for
                   the
                   death
                   of
                   their
                   Children
                   ?
                   At
                   which
                   Words
                   ,
                   when
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   Assembly
                   sent
                   forth
                   loud
                   Groans
                   ,
                   he
                   added
                   ,
                   I
                   discern
                   (
                   says
                   he
                   )
                   that
                   those
                   Sighs
                   are
                   the
                   Witnesses
                   of
                   the
                   Miserie
                   's
                   suffered
                   .
                   How
                   many
                   Brothers
                   ,
                   Kindred
                   and
                   Friends
                   lost
                   in
                   this
                   War
                   ,
                   do
                   ye
                   now
                   in
                   vain
                   desire
                   ?
                
                 At
                 which
                 ,
                 when
                 many
                 more
                 manifested
                 their
                 Sorrow
                 ;
                 
                   Seest
                   thou
                   not
                   ,
                   (
                   says
                   Gylippus
                   )
                   O
                   Nicholaus
                   !
                   how
                   many
                   the
                   Athenians
                   have
                   made
                   Miserable
                   ?
                   All
                   these
                   without
                   any
                   cause
                   ,
                   have
                   they
                   depriv'd
                   of
                   their
                   dearest
                   and
                   nearest
                   Relations
                   ,
                   who
                   ought
                   so
                   much
                   the
                   more
                   to
                   hate
                   the
                   name
                   of
                   the
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   by
                   how
                   much
                   they
                   bore
                   the
                   greater
                   love
                   to
                   their
                   Relations
                   ,
                   Kindred
                   and
                   Friends
                   .
                   How
                   absurd
                   and
                   unjust
                   a
                   thing
                   is
                   it
                   ,
                   O
                   ye
                   Syracusians
                   ,
                   for
                   Men
                   voluntarily
                   to
                   sacrifice
                   their
                   Lives
                   for
                   you
                   ,
                   and
                   you
                   not
                   to
                   revenge
                   their
                   Bloods
                   upon
                   their
                   inveterate
                   Enemies
                   ?
                   Nay
                   ,
                   being
                   so
                   far
                   from
                   praising
                   those
                   who
                   have
                   lost
                   their
                   
                   lives
                   in
                   defence
                   of
                   the
                   common
                   liberty
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   prefer
                   the
                   Safety
                   of
                   the
                   Enemies
                   ,
                   before
                   the
                   Honour
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   have
                   deserved
                   so
                   well
                   .
                   You
                   have
                   made
                   a
                   Law
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Sepulchers
                   of
                   your
                   Countrymen
                   shall
                   be
                   adorned
                   and
                   beautify'd
                   :
                   What
                   greater
                   Ornament
                   can
                   ye
                   invent
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   destroy
                   their
                   Murderers
                   ?
                   Unless
                   it
                   be
                   (
                   if
                   the
                   Gods
                   permit
                   )
                   that
                   by
                   making
                   these
                   Enemies
                   Free-men
                   of
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   you
                   determine
                   to
                   set
                   them
                   up
                   as
                   living
                   Trophies
                   for
                   the
                   remembrance
                   of
                   your
                   Dead
                   Friends
                   .
                   But
                   now
                   the
                   Denomination
                   of
                   Enemies
                   is
                   changed
                   into
                   that
                   of
                   Suppliants
                   .
                   From
                   whence
                   arises
                   this
                   Tenderness
                   ?
                   For
                   they
                   who
                   first
                   compiled
                   Laws
                   concerning
                   these
                   matters
                   ,
                   decreed
                   Mercy
                   to
                   the
                   Distressed
                   ,
                   but
                   Punishment
                   to
                   them
                   that
                   acted
                   Wickedly
                   .
                   And
                   now
                   under
                   which
                   of
                   these
                   Denominations
                   shall
                   we
                   account
                   the
                   Prisoners
                   ?
                   As
                   Distressed
                   
                   and
                   Afflicted
                   ?
                   But
                   what
                   evil
                   Spirit
                   was
                   it
                   that
                   compell'd
                   them
                   to
                   make
                   War
                   against
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   without
                   any
                   Provocation
                   ?
                   and
                   breaking
                   all
                   the
                   Bonds
                   of
                   Peace
                   (
                   which
                   is
                   so
                   desirable
                   amongst
                   all
                   )
                   to
                   plot
                   and
                   contrive
                   the
                   destruction
                   of
                   your
                   City
                   ?
                   Therefore
                   as
                   they
                   began
                   an
                   unjust
                   War
                   ,
                   let
                   them
                   with
                   Courage
                   or
                   without
                   ,
                   suffer
                   and
                   undergo
                   the
                   events
                   of
                   War
                   :
                   For
                   if
                   they
                   had
                   been
                   Conquerors
                   ,
                   we
                   should
                   have
                   felt
                   their
                   inexorable
                   Cruelty
                   ;
                   but
                   now
                   being
                   subdu'd
                   ,
                   they
                   seek
                   to
                   avoid
                   the
                   Punishment
                   in
                   the
                   most
                   low
                   and
                   humble
                   posture
                   of
                   Distressed
                   Suppliants
                   .
                   What
                   if
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   answered
                   ,
                   that
                   their
                   Covetousness
                   and
                   wicked
                   Ambition
                   has
                   hurl'd
                   them
                   into
                   these
                   Calamities
                   ?
                   Let
                   them
                   not
                   therefore
                   accuse
                   Fortune
                   ,
                   nor
                   challenge
                   to
                   themselves
                   the
                   name
                   of
                   Suppliants
                   ;
                   for
                   this
                   is
                   only
                   due
                   to
                   them
                   who
                   are
                   fallen
                   into
                   Misfortunes
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   have
                   preserv'd
                   their
                   Innocency
                   and
                   Integrity
                   :
                   But
                   they
                   who
                   make
                   it
                   the
                   
                   business
                   of
                   their
                   Lives
                   to
                   act
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Injustice
                   ,
                   shut
                   up
                   all
                   the
                   Doors
                   and
                   Passages
                   of
                   Mercy
                   against
                   themselves
                   .
                   What
                   is
                   it
                   that
                   is
                   most
                   base
                   which
                   they
                   will
                   not
                   devise
                   ?
                   What
                   Wickedness
                   will
                   they
                   not
                   commit
                   ?
                   It
                   's
                   the
                   special
                   property
                   of
                   Covetousness
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   content
                   with
                   its
                   present
                   Condition
                   ,
                   but
                   violently
                   to
                   lust
                   after
                   things
                   remote
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   is
                   not
                   our
                   own
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   most
                   notoriously
                   done
                   by
                   these
                   Men
                   :
                   For
                   though
                   they
                   were
                   the
                   most
                   happy
                   and
                   prosperous
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Grecians
                   ,
                   yet
                   not
                   being
                   able
                   to
                   bear
                   the
                   weight
                   of
                   
                   their
                   own
                   greatness
                   ,
                   they
                   thirsted
                   after
                   Sicily
                   (
                   though
                   separated
                   from
                   them
                   by
                   so
                   large
                   a
                   Sea
                   )
                   to
                   divide
                   it
                   by
                   Lot
                   amongst
                   themselves
                   .
                   A
                   most
                   horrid
                   and
                   wicked
                   thing
                   it
                   is
                   to
                   make
                   War
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   who
                   never
                   gave
                   any
                   occasion
                   or
                   provocation
                   :
                   And
                   this
                   these
                   Men
                   have
                   done
                   .
                   These
                   are
                   they
                   who
                   not
                   long
                   agoe
                   entred
                   into
                   a
                   League
                   with
                   us
                   of
                   Peace
                   and
                   Friendship
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   on
                   a
                   sudden
                   begirt
                   our
                   City
                   with
                   their
                   Forces
                   .
                   Certainly
                   it
                   's
                   a
                   great
                   piece
                   of
                   Pride
                   and
                   Presumption
                   ,
                   to
                   forejudge
                   the
                   Events
                   of
                   a
                   War
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   order
                   and
                   determine
                   the
                   Punishment
                   of
                   an
                   Enemy
                   ,
                   before
                   the
                   Conquest
                   :
                   And
                   this
                   they
                   did
                   not
                   omit
                   ;
                   for
                   before
                   they
                   came
                   into
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   enacted
                   in
                   their
                   common
                   Assemblies
                   ,
                   
                     That
                     the
                  
                   Syracusians
                   and
                   Selinuntians
                   
                     should
                     be
                     made
                     Slaves
                     ,
                     and
                     all
                     the
                     rest
                     brought
                     under
                     Tribute
                     .
                  
                   And
                   now
                   when
                   so
                   many
                   complicated
                   Vices
                   center
                   in
                   these
                   Men
                   ,
                   as
                   insatiable
                   Covetousness
                   ,
                   Fraud
                   and
                   Treachery
                   ,
                   insufferable
                   Pride
                   and
                   Insolency
                   ,
                   what
                   Man
                   in
                   his
                   Wits
                   can
                   shew
                   them
                   Mercy
                   ?
                   especially
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   so
                   well
                   known
                   how
                   they
                   dealt
                   with
                   them
                   of
                   Mitylene
                   :
                   For
                   after
                   they
                   had
                   subdu'd
                   them
                   ,
                   although
                   they
                   had
                   committed
                   no
                   Offence
                   ,
                   but
                   only
                   desir'd
                   to
                   preserve
                   their
                   Liberty
                   ,
                   yet
                   they
                   commanded
                   them
                   all
                   to
                   be
                   put
                   to
                   the
                   Sword
                   ;
                   a
                   most
                   cruel
                   and
                   barbarous
                   Act
                   ,
                   and
                   this
                   against
                   Grecians
                   ,
                   against
                   Confederates
                   ,
                   and
                   against
                   those
                   that
                   had
                   merited
                   better
                   things
                   at
                   their
                   Hands
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   let
                   them
                   not
                   think
                   it
                   grievous
                   to
                   suffer
                   that
                   themselves
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   have
                   executed
                   upon
                   others
                   :
                   For
                   it
                   's
                   but
                   
                   just
                   that
                   he
                   who
                   makes
                   a
                   Law
                   to
                   bind
                   others
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   subject
                   to
                   the
                   same
                   himself
                   .
                   But
                   why
                   do
                   I
                   speak
                   of
                   this
                   ?
                   when
                   they
                   took
                   *
                   Melus
                   ,
                   they
                   most
                   miserably
                   destroy'd
                   all
                   the
                   Youth
                   of
                   the
                   City
                   .
                   And
                   the
                   Scioneans
                   of
                   the
                   Colony
                   of
                   the
                   Meleans
                   underwent
                   the
                   same
                   Fate
                   .
                   So
                   that
                   these
                   Two
                   sorts
                   of
                   People
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   fell
                   into
                   the
                   cruel
                   Hands
                   of
                   the
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   were
                   so
                   totally
                   destroy'd
                   ,
                   that
                   there
                   was
                   none
                   left
                   to
                   bury
                   the
                   Dead
                   .
                   They
                   who
                   acted
                   these
                   things
                   ,
                   are
                   not
                   Scythians
                   ;
                   but
                   a
                   People
                   who
                   boast
                   of
                   Humanity
                   and
                   Mercy
                   above
                   all
                   other
                   .
                   These
                   are
                   they
                   that
                   by
                   Publick
                   Edict
                   ,
                   utterly
                   destroy'd
                   these
                   Cities
                   .
                   Now
                   can
                   ye
                   imagin
                   how
                   they
                   would
                   have
                   dealth
                   with
                   the
                   City
                   of
                   Syracuse
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   had
                   taken
                   it
                   ?
                   Certainly
                   ,
                   they
                   who
                   are
                   so
                   cruel
                   towards
                   their
                   own
                   Confederates
                   ,
                   would
                   have
                   invented
                   something
                   more
                   vile
                   and
                   horrid
                   to
                   have
                   executed
                   upon
                   Strangers
                   .
                   By
                   all
                   the
                   Rules
                   of
                   Law
                   and
                   Justice
                   therefore
                   ,
                   
                   there
                   's
                   no
                   Mercy
                   remains
                   for
                   these
                   Men
                   ,
                   who
                   have
                   debarr'd
                   themselves
                   of
                   all
                   Pity
                   and
                   Compassion
                   in
                   their
                   present
                   Calamities
                   .
                   For
                   whether
                   can
                   they
                   fly
                   ?
                   To
                   the
                   Gods
                   ?
                   whose
                   Worship
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Laws
                   of
                   the
                   Country
                   ,
                   they
                   endeavoured
                   to
                   root
                   up
                   ?
                   To
                   Men
                   ?
                   whom
                   with
                   all
                   their
                   might
                   they
                   were
                   studying
                   and
                   contriving
                   to
                   make
                   Slaves
                   ?
                   Will
                   they
                   make
                   their
                   Addresses
                   to
                   Ceres
                   and
                   Proserpina
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   came
                   hither
                   to
                   spoil
                   and
                   lay
                   waste
                   the
                   Island
                   dedicated
                   to
                   them
                   ?
                   So
                   it
                   is
                   .
                   But
                   say
                   some
                   ,
                   the
                   People
                   of
                   Athens
                   are
                   in
                   no
                   
                   fault
                   ,
                   but
                   Alcibiades
                   who
                   advis'd
                   ,
                   and
                   persuaded
                   to
                   this
                   War.
                   What
                   then
                   ?
                   We
                   know
                   that
                   they
                   who
                   advise
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   frame
                   their
                   Speeches
                   that
                   way
                   which
                   they
                   conceive
                   is
                   most
                   agreeable
                   to
                   the
                   Humour
                   of
                   their
                   Auditors
                   :
                   And
                   he
                   that
                   is
                   to
                   give
                   his
                   Vote
                   ,
                   often
                   trusts
                   to
                   the
                   Orator
                   what
                   he
                   would
                   have
                   to
                   be
                   urged
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   Orator
                   commands
                   not
                   the
                   People
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   People
                   order
                   the
                   Orator
                   to
                   propose
                   what
                   is
                   advisable
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   determine
                   what
                   they
                   think
                   fit
                   .
                   Besides
                   ,
                   if
                   we
                   pardon
                   the
                   Malefactors
                   upon
                   their
                   casting
                   the
                   fault
                   upon
                   their
                   Advisers
                   ,
                   we
                   furnish
                   every
                   wicked
                   Fellow
                   with
                   a
                   ready
                   Excuse
                   for
                   the
                   clearing
                   of
                   himself
                   .
                   To
                   speak
                   plainly
                   ,
                   it
                   would
                   be
                   the
                   unjustest
                   thing
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   to
                   give
                   thanks
                   to
                   the
                   People
                   for
                   all
                   the
                   good
                   and
                   advantage
                   we
                   at
                   any
                   time
                   reap
                   ,
                   and
                   execute
                   Revenge
                   upon
                   the
                   Orators
                   for
                   all
                   the
                   Injuries
                   we
                   suffer
                   .
                   It
                   's
                   to
                   be
                   admir'd
                   to
                   see
                   some
                   so
                   far
                   besotted
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   judge
                   it
                   fit
                   that
                   Alcibiades
                   now
                   out
                   of
                   our
                   reach
                   should
                   be
                   punish'd
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   the
                   Prisoners
                   now
                   justly
                   brought
                   to
                   judgment
                   should
                   be
                   discharged
                   ;
                   that
                   thereby
                   it
                   might
                   be
                   evident
                   to
                   all
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   are
                   so
                   sottish
                   ,
                   as
                   not
                   to
                   have
                   any
                   sense
                   of
                   that
                   which
                   is
                   ill
                   :
                   but
                   admit
                   the
                   truth
                   be
                   so
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Advisers
                   were
                   the
                   Cause
                   of
                   the
                   War
                   ,
                   then
                   let
                   the
                   People
                   accuse
                   them
                   because
                   they
                   have
                   led
                   them
                   into
                   such
                   a
                   Disaster
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   do
                   you
                   (
                   as
                   in
                   Justice
                   
                   you
                   ought
                   )
                   revenge
                   your selves
                   upon
                   the
                   Multitude
                   ,
                   by
                   whom
                   you
                   have
                   most
                   injuriously
                   suffered
                   .
                   The
                   Sum
                   of
                   all
                   is
                   this
                   ,
                   If
                   knowingly
                   and
                   advisedly
                   they
                   have
                   thus
                   wronged
                   you
                   ,
                   they
                   deserve
                   to
                   suffer
                   upon
                   that
                   account
                   ;
                   if
                   they
                   came
                   upon
                   you
                   rashly
                   and
                   inconsiderately
                   ,
                   they
                   are
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   spar'd
                   for
                   that
                   Reason
                   ,
                   lest
                   they
                   make
                   it
                   a
                   Practice
                   to
                   injure
                   others
                   others
                   ,
                   under
                   pretence
                   of
                   unadvisedness
                   and
                   inconsideration
                   .
                   For
                   it
                   's
                   not
                   just
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   
                   should
                   be
                   ruin'd
                   by
                   the
                   rashness
                   and
                   ignorance
                   of
                   the
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   nor
                   where
                   the
                   Damage
                   is
                   irrepairable
                   ,
                   to
                   admit
                   of
                   an
                   excuse
                   for
                   the
                   Offenders
                   .
                   Yea
                   ,
                   by
                   Jupiter
                   !
                   But
                   Niceas
                   (
                   say
                   some
                   )
                   pleaded
                   the
                   Cause
                   of
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   the
                   only
                   Person
                   dissuaded
                   the
                   People
                   from
                   the
                   War.
                   What
                   he
                   said
                   there
                   ,
                   indeed
                   we
                   heard
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   he
                   has
                   acted
                   here
                   ,
                   we
                   have
                   now
                   seen
                   .
                   For
                   he
                   who
                   there
                   argu'd
                   against
                   the
                   Expedition
                   ,
                   was
                   there
                   General
                   of
                   an
                   Army
                   against
                   us
                   ;
                   and
                   he
                   who
                   was
                   then
                   the
                   Syracusian
                   Advocate
                   ,
                   but
                   even
                   now
                   besieg'd
                   and
                   wall'd
                   in
                   their
                   City
                   .
                   He
                   who
                   was
                   then
                   so
                   well
                   affected
                   towards
                   you
                   ,
                   lately
                   commanded
                   the
                   continuance
                   both
                   of
                   the
                   War
                   and
                   the
                   Siege
                   ,
                   when
                   Demosthenes
                   and
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   would
                   have
                   drawn
                   off
                   and
                   return'd
                   .
                   I
                   judge
                   therefore
                   you
                   will
                   not
                   have
                   more
                   regard
                   to
                   Words
                   than
                   things
                   ,
                   to
                   Promises
                   than
                   Experiences
                   ,
                   to
                   things
                   dark
                   and
                   uncertain
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   seen
                   and
                   apparent
                   .
                   Yet
                   by
                   Jupiter
                   ,
                   I
                   confess
                   ,
                   it
                   's
                   a
                   very
                   wicked
                   thing
                   to
                   perpetuate
                   Enmities
                   and
                   differences
                   .
                   But
                   is
                   not
                   the
                   due
                   punishment
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   violate
                   the
                   peace
                   ,
                   the
                   most
                   natural
                   way
                   to
                   put
                   an
                   end
                   to
                   Hostilities
                   ?
                   It
                   's
                   certainly
                   most
                   unjust
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   's
                   apparent
                   if
                   they
                   had
                   been
                   Conquerors
                   ,
                   they
                   would
                   have
                   made
                   the
                   conquered
                   all
                   Slaves
                   ,
                   to
                   spare
                   them
                   now
                   they
                   are
                   conquered
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   they
                   had
                   done
                   nothing
                   amiss
                   :
                   For
                   thus
                   getting
                   their
                   Necks
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Halter
                   ,
                   they
                   'll
                   speak
                   you
                   fair
                   for
                   a
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   perhaps
                   remember
                   the
                   kindness
                   so
                   long
                   as
                   it
                   is
                   for
                   their
                   advantage
                   ,
                   but
                   no
                   longer
                   .
                   One
                   thing
                   more
                   I
                   have
                   to
                   say
                   ,
                   If
                   you
                   follow
                   this
                   Advice
                   ,
                   besides
                   many
                   other
                   Mischiefs
                   ,
                   you
                   disoblige
                   the
                   Lacedemonians
                   ,
                   who
                   readily
                   undertook
                   this
                   War
                   for
                   your
                   sakes
                   ,
                   and
                   sent
                   hither
                   Aids
                   and
                   Supplies
                   as
                   your
                   Confederates
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   might
                   have
                   been
                   
                   quiet
                   ,
                   and
                   suffered
                   Sicily
                   to
                   have
                   been
                   wasted
                   and
                   destroyed
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   if
                   you
                   release
                   the
                   Prisoners
                   ,
                   and
                   enter
                   into
                   a
                   new
                   League
                   with
                   the
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   evidently
                   appear
                   that
                   you
                   betray
                   your
                   Confederates
                   ;
                   and
                   whereas
                   it
                   's
                   now
                   in
                   your
                   power
                   to
                   ruin
                   and
                   destroy
                   the
                   common
                   Enemies
                   ,
                   by
                   discharging
                   of
                   those
                   who
                   are
                   the
                   best
                   of
                   their
                   Souldiers
                   ,
                   you
                   put
                   them
                   in
                   a
                   better
                   condition
                   for
                   a
                   Second
                   Encounter
                   .
                   I
                   can
                   never
                   be
                   persuaded
                   that
                   the
                   Athenians
                   who
                   bear
                   such
                   an
                   inveterate
                   Hatred
                   ,
                   will
                   ever
                   continue
                   long
                   to
                   be
                   your
                   Friends
                   .
                   Whilst
                   they
                   cannot
                   hurt
                   you
                   ,
                   so
                   long
                   they
                   'l
                   make
                   a
                   shew
                   of
                   Kindness
                   ,
                   
                   but
                   when
                   they
                   think
                   they
                   have
                   Power
                   enough
                   ,
                   then
                   they
                   'l
                   execute
                   what
                   before
                   they
                   long
                   designed
                   .
                   To
                   conclude
                   ,
                   I
                   earnestly
                   beseech
                   thee
                   ,
                   O
                   Jupiter
                   !
                   and
                   all
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Enemies
                   be
                   not
                   spar'd
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Confederacy
                   be
                   not
                   deserted
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   another
                   danger
                   of
                   Ruin
                   be
                   not
                   brought
                   upon
                   the
                   Country
                   .
                   And
                   to
                   you
                   ,
                   O
                   ye
                   Syracusians
                   ,
                   I
                   say
                   if
                   any
                   Mischief
                   happen
                   to
                   you
                   by
                   releasing
                   the
                   Enemy
                   ,
                   you
                   leave
                   no
                   colour
                   of
                   Excuse
                   for
                   your selves
                   .
                
              
               
                 Thus
                 spoke
                 the
                 Laconian
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 People
                 chang'd
                 their
                 Minds
                 ,
                 and
                 confirm'd
                 the
                 Advice
                 of
                 Diocles
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 delay
                 the
                 Generals
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 
                 Confederates
                 were
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Citizens
                 of
                 Athens
                 were
                 adjudg'd
                 ,
                 and
                 thrust
                 down
                 into
                 the
                 Quarries
                 .
                 But
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 well
                 bred
                 and
                 instructed
                 in
                 several
                 useful
                 Arts
                 ,
                 were
                 by
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 loos'd
                 from
                 their
                 Fetters
                 and
                 discharg'd
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 rest
                 almost
                 dy'd
                 miserably
                 through
                 ill
                 usage
                 
                 in
                 their
                 Imprisonment
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 III.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Diocles
                   instituted
                   Laws
                   for
                   Sicily
                   ;
                   suffer'd
                   by
                   one
                   of
                   his
                   own
                   Laws
                   .
                   Three
                   Hundred
                   appointed
                   to
                   govern
                   in
                   Athens
                   .
                   The
                   Athenians
                   beaten
                   at
                   Sea
                   by
                   the
                   Lacedemonians
                   at
                   
                     Oropus
                     .
                     Alcibiades
                  
                   recall'd
                   from
                   Banishment
                   .
                
              
               
                 THE
                 War
                 now
                 ended
                 ,
                 Diocles
                 prescrib'd
                 Laws
                 for
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 But
                 
                 one
                 thing
                 very
                 remarkable
                 happened
                 concerning
                 this
                 Man
                 :
                 For
                 being
                 of
                 an
                 inexorable
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 rigid
                 and
                 severe
                 against
                 the
                 Offenders
                 ,
                 amongst
                 other
                 Laws
                 which
                 he
                 made
                 ,
                 one
                 was
                 this
                 ;
                 
                   That
                   if
                   any
                   Man
                   came
                   arm'd
                   into
                   the
                   Court
                   ,
                   he
                   should
                   be
                   put
                   to
                   Death
                   ,
                   without
                   any
                   exception
                   of
                   Ignorance
                   ,
                   or
                   of
                   any
                   other
                   Circumstance
                   of
                   the
                   Fact
                   whatsoever
                   .
                
                 It
                 happened
                 that
                 some
                 Enemies
                 made
                 a
                 sudden
                 Incursion
                 into
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 go
                 forth
                 against
                 them
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 a
                 Seditious
                 Tumult
                 arose
                 near
                 the
                 Court
                 ;
                 
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 hasten'd
                 thither
                 with
                 his
                 Sword
                 by
                 his
                 Side
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 taken
                 notice
                 of
                 by
                 a
                 Private
                 Man
                 ,
                 who
                 cry'd
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   he
                   violated
                   the
                   Laws
                   he
                   himself
                   had
                   made
                   .
                   No
                   by
                
                 Jove
                 (
                 says
                 he
                 )
                 
                   I
                   'll
                   confirm
                   them
                
                 :
                 And
                 so
                 drawing
                 his
                 Sword
                 ,
                 ran
                 himself
                 through
                 .
                 These
                 were
                 the
                 Actions
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 when
                 Callias
                 govern'd
                 in
                 chief
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 chose
                 Four
                 
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 to
                 execute
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 †
                 
                   Publius
                   Cornelius
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Valerius
                   ,
                   Cneius
                   Fabius
                   Vibulanus
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Quintius
                   Cincinnatus
                
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 the
                 Ninety
                 Second
                 Olympiad
                 was
                 celebrated
                 at
                 Elis
                 ,
                 where
                 Exaenetus
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 was
                 Victor
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Athenians
                 began
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 contempt
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 Misfortunes
                 in
                 Sicily
                 .
                 For
                 soon
                 after
                 the
                 
                   Chians
                   ,
                   Samians
                   ,
                   Byzantines
                
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 fell
                 off
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 being
                 upon
                 this
                 Account
                 in
                 great
                 perplexity
                 ,
                 laid
                 aside
                 the
                 Democratical
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 chose
                 Four
                 Hundred
                 to
                 manage
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Commonwealth
                 .
                 The
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 being
                 now
                 devolv'd
                 upon
                 a
                 few
                 ,
                 they
                 built
                 more
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 rigg'd
                 out
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Forty
                 Sail.
                 After
                 some
                 Disagreement
                 amongst
                 the
                 Officers
                 ,
                 they
                 sail'd
                 to
                 Oropus
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Gallies
                 lay
                 at
                 Anchor
                 :
                 Hereupon
                 a
                 Battel
                 was
                 fought
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 prevail'd
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Two
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Sail.
                 
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 War
                 was
                 ended
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 they
                 rewarded
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 their
                 Confederates
                 (
                 of
                 whom
                 Gylippus
                 was
                 General
                 )
                 with
                 the
                 Spoils
                 taken
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 with
                 them
                 Five
                 and
                 Thirty
                 Gallies
                 to
                 assist
                 them
                 against
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 Hermocrates
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 Man
                 among
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 was
                 Admiral
                 .
                 Then
                 all
                 the
                 Booty
                 and
                 Prey
                 was
                 brought
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Spoils
                 they
                 adorn'd
                 the
                 Temples
                 ,
                 and
                 rewarded
                 every
                 Souldier
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Demerit
                 .
              
               
               
                 After
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 Diocles
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 Authority
                 amongst
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 prevail'd
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 Administration
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 altered
                 ,
                 by
                 chusing
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 by
                 Lot
                 ,
                 and
                 ordered
                 that
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 Law-makers
                 appointed
                 both
                 to
                 settle
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 new
                 Laws
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 Government
                 .
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 therefore
                 chose
                 such
                 from
                 among
                 the
                 Citizens
                 as
                 
                 they
                 judg'd
                 most
                 prudent
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 the
                 chiefest
                 was
                 Diocles
                 :
                 He
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 such
                 excellent
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Laws
                 (
                 though
                 
                 made
                 with
                 the
                 joint
                 help
                 of
                 others
                 )
                 were
                 call'd
                 from
                 him
                 the
                 Dioclean
                 Laws
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 only
                 admir'd
                 by
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 whilst
                 he
                 liv'd
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 dead
                 ,
                 they
                 honour'd
                 him
                 as
                 an
                 *
                 Hero
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 a
                 Temple
                 to
                 his
                 Memory
                 ,
                 which
                 Dionysius
                 afterwards
                 pull'd
                 down
                 when
                 he
                 built
                 the
                 new
                 Wall.
                 All
                 the
                 rest
                 likewise
                 of
                 the
                 Siculi
                 highly
                 valu'd
                 this
                 Man
                 :
                 And
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 through
                 Sicily
                 used
                 the
                 same
                 Laws
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 instituted
                 ,
                 till
                 such
                 time
                 as
                 the
                 Romans
                 brought
                 all
                 Sicily
                 under
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 Rome
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 in
                 times
                 long
                 after
                 
                   Diocles
                   ,
                   Cephalus
                
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Timoleon
                 and
                 Polydorus
                 ,
                 when
                 Hiero
                 reign'd
                 ,
                 instituted
                 Laws
                 for
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 yet
                 neither
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 ever
                 call'd
                 Lawmakers
                 ,
                 but
                 Interpreters
                 of
                 the
                 Law-maker
                 ;
                 because
                 the
                 former
                 Laws
                 being
                 written
                 in
                 old
                 and
                 obsolete
                 Language
                 ,
                 were
                 scarce
                 to
                 be
                 understood
                 .
                 And
                 whereas
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 things
                 in
                 these
                 Laws
                 very
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 great
                 Hatred
                 against
                 Knavery
                 and
                 Dishonesty
                 appears
                 chiefly
                 from
                 this
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 bitterest
                 and
                 severest
                 Punishments
                 are
                 levell'd
                 against
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 violate
                 Justice
                 .
                 His
                 great
                 dexterity
                 in
                 Civil
                 Affairs
                 is
                 evident
                 hence
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 appointed
                 a
                 certain
                 Mulct
                 or
                 Fine
                 almost
                 for
                 every
                 Offence
                 or
                 Cause
                 Private
                 or
                 Publick
                 ,
                 proportionable
                 to
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 .
                 He
                 's
                 very
                 concise
                 in
                 his
                 Expressions
                 ,
                 leaving
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 disquisition
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Learned
                 Reader
                 .
                 The
                 sad
                 manner
                 of
                 his
                 Death
                 is
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Testimony
                 of
                 the
                 Virtuous
                 Resolution
                 of
                 his
                 Mind
                 .
                 I
                 am
                 the
                 rather
                 desirous
                 to
                 speak
                 more
                 
                 than
                 ordinary
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 most
                 Authors
                 heretofore
                 mention
                 very
                 little
                 concerning
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 heard
                 of
                 the
                 ruin
                 of
                 their
                 Army
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 they
                 took
                 it
                 most
                 grievously
                 ,
                 yet
                 slackt
                 nothing
                 in
                 their
                 Contests
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 about
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 ,
                 but
                 prepar'd
                 a
                 greater
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 let
                 their
                 Money
                 fly
                 Abroad
                 amongst
                 all
                 their
                 Confederates
                 that
                 were
                 resolved
                 to
                 stick
                 by
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 extremity
                 ,
                 to
                 gain
                 and
                 keep
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 they
                 gave
                 full
                 Authority
                 to
                 Four
                 Hundred
                 Persons
                 chosen
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 to
                 rule
                 and
                 govern
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 :
                 For
                 in
                 their
                 present
                 
                 circumstances
                 ,
                 they
                 preferr'd
                 an
                 Oligarchy
                 before
                 their
                 former
                 Democracy
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 thing
                 did
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 answer
                 their
                 Expectations
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 much
                 more
                 unsuccessful
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 sent
                 forth
                 Two
                 Generals
                 that
                 were
                 at
                 Dissention
                 between
                 themselves
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Forty
                 Sail
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 And
                 although
                 the
                 present
                 distressed
                 Condition
                 ,
                 and
                 bad
                 state
                 of
                 Affairs
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 call'd
                 aloud
                 for
                 Peace
                 and
                 Concord
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Generals
                 did
                 all
                 they
                 could
                 to
                 widen
                 the
                 breach
                 ,
                 and
                 cherish
                 the
                 Enmities
                 and
                 Animosities
                 they
                 bore
                 one
                 against
                 another
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 sailing
                 to
                 Oropus
                 ,
                 unawares
                 and
                 unprepared
                 ,
                 they
                 fought
                 with
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 ,
                 where
                 through
                 their
                 carelesness
                 
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 sloath
                 and
                 inadvertency
                 in
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 they
                 lost
                 Two
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 the
                 rest
                 with
                 great
                 difficulty
                 into
                 Eretria
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 this
                 the
                 Confederates
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 considering
                 the
                 Overthrow
                 in
                 
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 late
                 ill
                 Management
                 of
                 the
                 Two
                 Commanders
                 )
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Lacedemonians
                   .
                   Darius
                
                 likewise
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 sought
                 earnestly
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 :
                 And
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 Pharnabazus
                 his
                 Lieutenant
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 supply'd
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 with
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 for
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Ships
                 from
                 Phenicia
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 ordered
                 to
                 be
                 sent
                 to
                 them
                 to
                 Beotia
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 when
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 involv'd
                 in
                 so
                 many
                 Mischiefs
                 at
                 one
                 time
                 ,
                 all
                 Men
                 thought
                 the
                 War
                 at
                 an
                 end
                 .
                 For
                 none
                 had
                 the
                 least
                 hopes
                 that
                 the
                 Athenians
                 could
                 make
                 any
                 further
                 opposition
                 ,
                 not
                 for
                 the
                 least
                 moment
                 of
                 time
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 thing
                 had
                 a
                 far
                 different
                 issue
                 from
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 commonly
                 suppos'd
                 ;
                 for
                 such
                 was
                 the
                 brave
                 Spirit
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 event
                 was
                 quite
                 contrary
                 ,
                 which
                 happened
                 upon
                 this
                 occasion
                 .
                 Alcibiades
                 being
                 Banished
                 from
                 Athens
                 ,
                 aided
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 very
                 useful
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 being
                 an
                 eloquent
                 Orator
                 ,
                 daring
                 and
                 bold
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 
                 noble
                 Family
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 greatest
                 Estate
                 of
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 esteemed
                 the
                 chief
                 Man
                 of
                 Athens
                 .
                 This
                 Man
                 having
                 a
                 great
                 desire
                 to
                 be
                 re-call'd
                 from
                 his
                 Banishment
                 ,
                 did
                 all
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 ingratiate
                 himself
                 into
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 by
                 doing
                 them
                 some
                 remarkable
                 Service
                 ,
                 at
                 such
                 a
                 time
                 as
                 when
                 they
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 lowest
                 ebb
                 of
                 Fortune
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 having
                 a
                 great
                 interest
                 in
                 Pharnabazus
                 ,
                 Darius's
                 Lieutenant
                 ,
                 and
                 understanding
                 that
                 he
                 design'd
                 to
                 send
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Ships
                 to
                 aid
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 
                 him
                 to
                 alter
                 his
                 Resolution
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 suggested
                 to
                 him
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 safe
                 for
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 too
                 strong
                 ,
                 nor
                 for
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 much
                 more
                 their
                 interest
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Ballance
                 equal
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 the
                 Two
                 Commonwealths
                 might
                 be
                 in
                 continual
                 War
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 Pharnabazus
                 conceiving
                 Alcibiades
                 had
                 given
                 him
                 sound
                 and
                 wholsome
                 Advice
                 ,
                 sends
                 back
                 the
                 Fleet
                 to
                 Phenicia
                 :
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 Aid
                 intended
                 for
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 was
                 prevented
                 by
                 Alcibiades
                 .
                 A
                 little
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 recall'd
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 made
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 overcame
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 in
                 several
                 Battels
                 ,
                 and
                 rais'd
                 up
                 his
                 Country
                 from
                 their
                 low
                 Estate
                 ,
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 height
                 of
                 glory
                 .
                 But
                 of
                 these
                 matters
                 we
                 shall
                 speak
                 more
                 fully
                 hereafter
                 ,
                 lest
                 we
                 should
                 transgress
                 the
                 due
                 order
                 of
                 an
                 History
                 by
                 too
                 much
                 Anticipation
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 IV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Government
                   by
                   Four
                   Hundred
                   abrogated
                   in
                   Athens
                   .
                   The
                   Victory
                   by
                   the
                   Athenians
                   over
                   the
                   Lacedemonians
                   at
                   Sea
                   ,
                   between
                   Sestus
                   and
                   Abydus
                   .
                   The
                   Persian
                   Garrison
                   driven
                   out
                   of
                   Antandris
                   by
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   the
                   Lacedemonians
                   .
                   Twenty
                   Two
                   Years
                   of
                   the
                   Peloponesian
                   War
                   ended
                   .
                   Here
                   Thucydides
                   ends
                   his
                   History
                   .
                
              
               
                 AFter
                 this
                 Year
                 was
                 ended
                 ,
                 Theopompus
                 govern'd
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Romans
                 invested
                 
                 Four
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 with
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 
                   Tiberius
                   Posthumius
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Cornelius
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Valerius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Caeso
                   Fabius
                
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Athenians
                 abrogated
                 the
                 authority
                 of
                 the
                 Four
                 Hundred
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 the
                 Democracy
                 .
                 Theramenes
                 
                 was
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 this
                 Change
                 (
                 a
                 sober
                 and
                 prudent
                 Man
                 )
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 only
                 Person
                 that
                 advis'd
                 the
                 recalling
                 of
                 Alcibiades
                 (
                 by
                 whom
                 they
                 recover'd
                 their
                 Strength
                 )
                 and
                 by
                 many
                 other
                 good
                 Offices
                 perform'd
                 by
                 Theramenes
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 ,
                 he
                 gain'd
                 great
                 Authority
                 and
                 Favour
                 with
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 But
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 following
                 things
                 happened
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 Two
                 Generals
                 were
                 chosen
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   Thrasyllus
                
                 and
                 Thrasybulus
                 ,
                 who
                 randevouz'd
                 a
                 Fleet
                 at
                 Samos
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 train'd
                 and
                 exercis'd
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 every
                 Day
                 to
                 inure
                 them
                 to
                 Fighting
                 at
                 Sea.
                 Mindarus
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 while
                 lay
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 at
                 Miletus
                 ,
                 expecting
                 the
                 Aids
                 from
                 Pharnabazus
                 ,
                 and
                 hearing
                 that
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Gallies
                 were
                 arriv'd
                 from
                 Phenicia
                 ,
                 was
                 confident
                 now
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 able
                 with
                 so
                 great
                 Supplies
                 ,
                 utterly
                 to
                 ruin
                 the
                 Athenian
                 State.
                 But
                 presently
                 after
                 having
                 intelligence
                 that
                 the
                 Fleet
                 was
                 return'd
                 to
                 Phenicia
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 persuasions
                 of
                 Alcibiades
                 (
                 being
                 now
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 hopes
                 of
                 any
                 assistance
                 from
                 him
                 )
                 he
                 furnish'd
                 some
                 Ships
                 he
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 from
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 other
                 Foreign
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 sends
                 Dorieus
                 with
                 Thirteen
                 Sail
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 had
                 lately
                 sent
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 Italy
                 )
                 to
                 Rhodes
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 heard
                 that
                 some
                 innovations
                 were
                 contriving
                 there
                 ;
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 (
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Eighty
                 Three
                 )
                 he
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 heard
                 that
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Navy
                 lay
                 at
                 Samos
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Commanders
                 saw
                 them
                 pass
                 by
                 ,
                 they
                 hasted
                 after
                 them
                 with
                 Threescore
                 Sail.
                 But
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 arriving
                 at
                 Chios
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 determined
                 to
                 sail
                 to
                 Lesbos
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 supplied
                 with
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 more
                 Ships
                 from
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 lest
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 overpower'd
                 by
                 Number
                 .
                 
              
               
                 While
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 thus
                 busied
                 ,
                 Mindarus
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Fleet
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 makes
                 for
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 next
                 Day
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Sigeum
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 hearing
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 sail'd
                 off
                 from
                 Chios
                 ,
                 having
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 their
                 Confederates
                 at
                 the
                 present
                 only
                 Three
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 made
                 after
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 Sigeum
                 ,
                 they
                 found
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 were
                 sail'd
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 save
                 only
                 Three
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 which
                 fell
                 forthwith
                 into
                 their
                 Hands
                 .
                 Loosing
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 *
                 Eleuntis
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 prepar'd
                 themselves
                 for
                 a
                 Sea-Fight
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 their
                 Enemies
                 were
                 fitting
                 themselves
                 for
                 a
                 Conflict
                 ,
                 they
                 likewise
                 for
                 Five
                 Days
                 together
                 imploy'd
                 themselves
                 in
                 exercising
                 and
                 trying
                 their
                 Rowers
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 order'd
                 their
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 which
                 consisted
                 of
                 Eighty
                 Eight
                 Sail
                 ,
                 into
                 a
                 Line
                 of
                 Battel
                 ,
                 and
                 stood
                 towards
                 the
                 Asian
                 Shoar
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 drew
                 out
                 theirs
                 all
                 along
                 the
                 Tract
                 lying
                 upon
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 Europe
                 ;
                 they
                 were
                 indeed
                 fewer
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 but
                 far
                 more
                 skilful
                 in
                 Sea-Affairs
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 plac'd
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 in
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 ,
                 commanded
                 by
                 Hermocrates
                 ;
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 in
                 the
                 Left
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Mindarus
                 .
                 
                 On
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   Thrasyllus
                
                 commanded
                 the
                 Right
                 ,
                 and
                 Thrasybulus
                 the
                 Left
                 Wing
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 first
                 the
                 great
                 Contest
                 was
                 for
                 the
                 Tide
                 ,
                 each
                 striving
                 to
                 gain
                 that
                 .
                 For
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 therefore
                 they
                 sail'd
                 round
                 one
                 another
                 ;
                 at
                 length
                 being
                 in
                 a
                 narrow
                 Sea
                 ,
                 they
                 fought
                 for
                 a
                 commodious
                 Station
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Battel
                 being
                 between
                 Sestus
                 and
                 Abydus
                 ,
                 the
                 Tide
                 in
                 those
                 Streights
                 
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 disadvantage
                 to
                 that
                 side
                 it
                 forc'd
                 upon
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Pilots
                 far
                 excelling
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 did
                 notable
                 Service
                 ,
                 in
                 many
                 respects
                 for
                 the
                 obtaining
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 although
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 exceeded
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 Number
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Assailants
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Skill
                 and
                 Diligence
                 of
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Pilots
                 over-ballanc'd
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 it
                 of
                 no
                 effect
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Force
                 strove
                 to
                 pierce
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Ships
                 were
                 plac'd
                 in
                 such
                 excellent
                 order
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 could
                 be
                 toucht
                 ,
                 save
                 only
                 the
                 very
                 end
                 of
                 their
                 Beaks
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Mindarus
                 considering
                 that
                 they
                 assaulted
                 them
                 in
                 vain
                 ,
                 commanded
                 that
                 a
                 few
                 Ships
                 ,
                 singly
                 by
                 themselves
                 should
                 cope
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 But
                 neither
                 in
                 this
                 case
                 was
                 the
                 diligence
                 of
                 the
                 Pilots
                 wanting
                 ;
                 for
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 motion
                 they
                 easily
                 declin'd
                 the
                 strokes
                 of
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 pierced
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 broad-sides
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 disabled
                 many
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 Dispute
                 waxing
                 very
                 hot
                 ,
                 they
                 not
                 only
                 pierc'd
                 
                 one
                 another's
                 Ships
                 with
                 their
                 Beaks
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 on
                 the
                 Decks
                 Fought
                 Hand
                 to
                 Hand
                 :
                 But
                 neither
                 side
                 as
                 yet
                 could
                 prevail
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 ,
                 there
                 appear'd
                 beyond
                 a
                 Promontory
                 Five
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Sail
                 sent
                 from
                 Athens
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 being
                 in
                 a
                 Consternation
                 at
                 
                 this
                 suddain
                 reinforcement
                 ,
                 tackt
                 about
                 for
                 Abydus
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 closely
                 and
                 eagerly
                 pursu'd
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 ended
                 the
                 Battel
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 all
                 the
                 Ships
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Syracusians
                   ,
                   Palleneans
                
                 and
                 Leucadians
                 ,
                 Eight
                 of
                 the
                 Chians
                 ,
                 Five
                 of
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 ,
                 and
                 Eleven
                 of
                 the
                 Ambraciats
                 were
                 taken
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 who
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 lost
                 Five
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 sunk
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Army
                 under
                 Thrasybulus
                 ,
                 erected
                 a
                 Trophy
                 in
                 the
                 Promontory
                 ,
                 where
                 stands
                 the
                 Monument
                 of
                 Hecuba
                 ;
                 and
                 Messengers
                 were
                 sent
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 intelligence
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 sail'd
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 to
                 Cyzion
                 :
                 For
                 this
                 City
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 the
                 Battel
                 ,
                 had
                 revolted
                 to
                 Pharnabazus
                 ,
                 Governour
                 under
                 Darius
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Clearchus
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 General
                 .
                 This
                 Place
                 not
                 being
                 fortify'd
                 ,
                 was
                 presently
                 surrender'd
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 the
                 Tribute
                 agreed
                 upon
                 ,
                 was
                 paid
                 by
                 them
                 of
                 Cyzium
                 ,
                 the
                 Fleet
                 return'd
                 to
                 Sestus
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Mindarus
                 the
                 Laoedemonian
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 who
                 fled
                 to
                 Abydus
                 ,
                 resits
                 the
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 and
                 orders
                 Epicles
                 the
                 Spartan
                 to
                 Eubea
                 ,
                 to
                 bring
                 to
                 him
                 Gallies
                 from
                 thence
                 ;
                 who
                 hastens
                 thither
                 ,
                 and
                 gets
                 together
                 Fifty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 fothwith
                 made
                 to
                 Sea
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 passing
                 under
                 Mount
                 Athos
                 ,
                 was
                 overtaken
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 violent
                 Tempest
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Fleet
                 was
                 lost
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 a
                 Man
                 escap'd
                 ,
                 save
                 only
                 Twelve
                 .
                 In
                 memory
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 an
                 Inscription
                 on
                 a
                 Monument
                 at
                 †
                 Coronea
                 ,
                 as
                 Ephorus
                 observes
                 in
                 these
                 Words
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   Out
                   of
                   the
                   Fifty
                   Gallies
                   of
                   Three
                   Oars
                   ,
                
                 
                   But
                   poor
                   Twelve
                   Men
                   on
                   Rocks
                   were
                   thrown
                   ,
                
                 
                   Of
                   Athos
                   Mount
                   and
                   sav'd
                   .
                   With
                   Wind
                   Sea
                   roars
                   ,
                
                 
                   Rest
                   of
                   the
                   Men
                   or
                   Ships
                   spares
                   none
                   .
                
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Alcibiades
                 with
                 Thirteen
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 sail'd
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 lay
                 at
                 Anchor
                 at
                 Samos
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 had
                 before
                 been
                 inform'd
                 ,
                 that
                 (
                 through
                 
                 the
                 Persuasions
                 of
                 
                   Alcibiades
                   )
                   Pharnabazus
                
                 would
                 not
                 send
                 the
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Ships
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 intended
                 )
                 in
                 aid
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 Being
                 therefore
                 courteously
                 receiv'd
                 by
                 them
                 that
                 lay
                 at
                 Samos
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 some
                 Proposals
                 for
                 his
                 Return
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 many
                 Promises
                 to
                 serve
                 his
                 Country
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 of
                 his
                 power
                 ,
                 absolutely
                 denying
                 the
                 Crimes
                 laid
                 to
                 his
                 Charge
                 ,
                 and
                 complain'd
                 of
                 his
                 hard
                 Fortune
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 compell'd
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 crafty
                 Designs
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 )
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 his
                 Arms
                 against
                 his
                 Country
                 .
                 His
                 Speech
                 was
                 highly
                 applauded
                 
                 by
                 the
                 common
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Messengers
                 reported
                 at
                 Athens
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 absolv'd
                 and
                 created
                 one
                 of
                 their
                 Generals
                 ;
                 for
                 considering
                 his
                 Valour
                 and
                 great
                 Interest
                 every
                 where
                 amongst
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 they
                 hop'd
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 much
                 for
                 their
                 advantage
                 if
                 they
                 again
                 receiv'd
                 him
                 into
                 his
                 favour
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 Theramenes
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 authority
                 in
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 eminent
                 for
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Prudence
                 as
                 ever
                 any
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 advis'd
                 the
                 recalling
                 
                 of
                 Alcibiades
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Messengers
                 return'd
                 to
                 Samos
                 with
                 this
                 account
                 ,
                 Alcibiades
                 joining
                 Nine
                 Ships
                 more
                 to
                 these
                 Thirteen
                 he
                 brought
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 sail'd
                 to
                 Halicarnassus
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 forc'd
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 pay
                 him
                 a
                 great
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 .
                 And
                 then
                 making
                 great
                 devastations
                 in
                 *
                 Meropides
                 ,
                 he
                 returns
                 with
                 much
                 Spoil
                 to
                 Samos
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 divides
                 the
                 Spoil
                 as
                 a
                 common
                 Booty
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 amongst
                 his
                 own
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 but
                 amongst
                 them
                 in
                 Samos
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 gains
                 them
                 all
                 over
                 to
                 his
                 interest
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 Antandros
                 with
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 drove
                 the
                 Garrison
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 restor'd
                 their
                 Country
                 to
                 their
                 Liberty
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Spartans
                 being
                 angry
                 at
                 Pharnabazus
                 ,
                 for
                 sending
                 the
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Ships
                 into
                 Phenicia
                 ,
                 entred
                 into
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Antandrians
                 .
              
               
                 Here
                 Thucydides
                 breaks
                 off
                 his
                 History
                 ,
                 containing
                 in
                 Eight
                 Books
                 (
                 which
                 
                 some
                 divide
                 into
                 Nine
                 )
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Two
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Years
                 .
                 Xenophon
                 and
                 Theopompus
                 begin
                 theirs
                 ,
                 where
                 Thucydides
                 ends
                 .
                 Xenophon
                 continues
                 his
                 History
                 for
                 the
                 term
                 of
                 Forty
                 Eight
                 Years
                 ;
                 but
                 Theopompus
                 goes
                 on
                 with
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Greece
                 Seventeen
                 Years
                 ,
                 and
                 ends
                 his
                 History
                 at
                 the
                 Sea-Fight
                 at
                 Cnidus
                 ,
                 compriz'd
                 in
                 Twelve
                 Books
                 .
                 Thus
                 stood
                 the
                 state
                 of
                 Affairs
                 in
                 Greece
                 and
                 Asia
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Romans
                 were
                 in
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Aequi
                 ,
                 and
                 entred
                 their
                 Country
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 their
                 City
                 call'd
                 †
                 Bolasus
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 it
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 V.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Commotions
                   in
                   Sicily
                   .
                   The
                   Carthaginians
                   invited
                   thither
                   by
                   the
                   Aegistines
                   .
                   A
                   Sea-Fight
                   at
                   Darclanum
                   between
                   the
                   Athenians
                   and
                   Lacedemonians
                   .
                   A
                   Sedition
                   in
                   Corcyra
                   .
                   The
                   Sea-Fight
                   at
                   Cyzicum
                   ;
                   and
                   at
                   Cleros
                   by
                   Land
                   ,
                   wherein
                   the
                   Athenians
                   were
                   Victors
                   .
                
              
               
                 THE
                 former
                 Year
                 ended
                 ,
                 Glaucippus
                 was
                 created
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 
                 
                   Rome
                   ,
                   Marcus
                   Cornelius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Furius
                
                 were
                 again
                 chosen
                 Consuls
                 .
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Aegistines
                 (
                 who
                 had
                 confederated
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 )
                 after
                 the
                 War
                 was
                 ended
                 in
                 Sicily
                 against
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 )
                 were
                 in
                 great
                 fear
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 had
                 just
                 cause
                 )
                 lest
                 the
                 Siculi
                 should
                 revenge
                 themselves
                 upon
                 them
                 for
                 the
                 many
                 acts
                 of
                 Hostility
                 they
                 committed
                 against
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 when
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 them
                 concerning
                 some
                 Boundaries
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 Dispute
                 ,
                 they
                 submitted
                 ,
                 lest
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 should
                 take
                 that
                 occasion
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 hazard
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 encroached
                 farther
                 upon
                 their
                 Territories
                 than
                 was
                 agreed
                 upon
                 ,
                 the
                 Aegistines
                 desir'd
                 aid
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 freely
                 offer'd
                 their
                 City
                 to
                 their
                 Protection
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Embassadors
                 came
                 to
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 deliver'd
                 their
                 Message
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 were
                 much
                 perplexed
                 what
                 to
                 resolve
                 :
                 The
                 desire
                 of
                 so
                 convenient
                 a
                 City
                 strongly
                 inclin'd
                 them
                 upon
                 one
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 who
                 had
                 lately
                 destroy'd
                 so
                 powerful
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 discourag'd
                 them
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 But
                 at
                 length
                 their
                 Ambition
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 City
                 previal'd
                 .
                 The
                 Answer
                 therefore
                 to
                 the
                 Embassadors
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 send
                 them
                 aid
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 this
                 Affair
                 (
                 in
                 case
                 it
                 should
                 break
                 out
                 into
                 a
                 War
                 )
                 they
                 made
                 Hannibal
                 General
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Law
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 Carthage
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 the
                 Grandchild
                 of
                 Amilcar
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 kill'd
                 at
                 Himera
                 at
                 the
                 Battel
                 fought
                 with
                 Gelon
                 )
                 and
                 Son
                 of
                 Ges●on
                 ,
                 who
                 for
                 killing
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 was
                 Banish'd
                 ,
                 and
                 liv'd
                 at
                 
                   Selinunta
                   .
                   Hannibal
                
                 therefore
                 in
                 regard
                 he
                 bore
                 a
                 natural
                 Hatred
                 against
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 desired
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Valour
                 to
                 wipe
                 off
                 the
                 stain
                 of
                 his
                 Family
                 ,
                 was
                 very
                 earnest
                 to
                 make
                 himself
                 
                 remarkable
                 by
                 some
                 eminent
                 Service
                 for
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 .
                 Therefore
                 when
                 he
                 understood
                 that
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 were
                 not
                 satisfy'd
                 with
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 Land
                 which
                 was
                 yielded
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Aegistines
                 sends
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 referring
                 the
                 Controversie
                 to
                 their
                 Determination
                 ;
                 in
                 Words
                 seeming
                 to
                 propose
                 all
                 things
                 fair
                 and
                 just
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 Truth
                 with
                 hopes
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 should
                 decline
                 the
                 Arbitration
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 would
                 cast
                 off
                 their
                 Confederacy
                 and
                 League
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 (
                 who
                 sent
                 likewise
                 their
                 Embassadors
                 )
                 refused
                 to
                 stand
                 to
                 their
                 Decision
                 ,
                 and
                 strongly
                 opposed
                 both
                 the
                 Carthaginean
                 and
                 Aegistean
                 Embassadors
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 were
                 at
                 length
                 resolved
                 both
                 to
                 be
                 at
                 peace
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 to
                 stand
                 to
                 their
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Embassadors
                 were
                 return'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Aegistines
                 Five
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 from
                 Africa
                 ,
                 and
                 Eight
                 Hundred
                 from
                 Campania
                 .
                 These
                 were
                 formerly
                 
                 hired
                 by
                 the
                 Calcideans
                 for
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 against
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 but
                 after
                 their
                 overthrow
                 sailing
                 back
                 ,
                 they
                 knew
                 not
                 under
                 whom
                 to
                 serve
                 .
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 therefore
                 bought
                 them
                 all
                 Horses
                 ,
                 and
                 giving
                 them
                 large
                 Pay
                 ,
                 plac'd
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 Garrison
                 at
                 Aegista
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 who
                 were
                 then
                 both
                 Rich
                 and
                 Populous
                 ,
                 valu'd
                 not
                 the
                 Aegistines
                 one
                 jot
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 the
                 first
                 with
                 a
                 well
                 form'd
                 Army
                 ,
                 they
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Country
                 next
                 adjoining
                 to
                 them
                 ;
                 at
                 length
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 far
                 exceeded
                 the
                 Aegistines
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 they
                 despis'd
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 dispers'd
                 themselves
                 ,
                 ravaging
                 all
                 over
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 The
                 Aegistean
                 Commanders
                 watching
                 their
                 opportunity
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 Carthagineans
                 and
                 Campanians
                 ,
                 set
                 upon
                 them
                 unawares
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 Assault
                 being
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 ,
                 they
                 easily
                 routed
                 and
                 put
                 them
                 to
                 flight
                 .
                 They
                 kill'd
                 a
                 Thousand
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 all
                 their
                 Baggage
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 Fight
                 ,
                 both
                 sides
                 sent
                 forth
                 their
                 Embassadors
                 ,
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 to
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Aegistines
                 
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 for
                 Aid
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 readily
                 promis'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 War.
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 foreseeing
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 committed
                 the
                 whole
                 management
                 thereof
                 to
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 giving
                 him
                 power
                 to
                 raise
                 what
                 Forces
                 he
                 thought
                 sit
                 ,
                 they
                 themselves
                 
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 providing
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 .
                 Hannibal
                 all
                 that
                 Summer
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 next
                 Winter
                 ,
                 raises
                 many
                 Mercenary
                 Souldiers
                 in
                 Spain
                 ,
                 and
                 lists
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Citizens
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 these
                 ,
                 raises
                 Men
                 in
                 every
                 City
                 throughout
                 all
                 Africa
                 ,
                 and
                 equips
                 out
                 a
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 intending
                 the
                 next
                 Spring
                 to
                 pass
                 over
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 into
                 Sicily
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Condition
                 were
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Sicily
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 *
                 Dorieus
                 the
                 Rhodean
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Italian
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 quieted
                 the
                 Tumult
                 in
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 passed
                 over
                 to
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 purpose
                 to
                 join
                 Mindarus
                 ,
                 who
                 then
                 lay
                 at
                 Abydus
                 ,
                 getting
                 together
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 ,
                 what
                 Vessels
                 he
                 could
                 from
                 the
                 Peloponesian
                 Confederates
                 .
                 When
                 Dorieus
                 was
                 come
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 Sigeum
                 of
                 Troas
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 who
                 then
                 lay
                 at
                 Anchor
                 at
                 Sestos
                 )
                 having
                 intelligence
                 of
                 his
                 Course
                 ,
                 made
                 out
                 against
                 him
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Seventy
                 Four
                 Sail.
                 Dorieus
                 altogether
                 ignorant
                 of
                 the
                 Preparations
                 
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 sails
                 on
                 securely
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 understood
                 what
                 a
                 powerful
                 Navy
                 was
                 making
                 towards
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 great
                 Consternation
                 ,
                 and
                 seeing
                 no
                 other
                 means
                 left
                 to
                 escape
                 ,
                 fled
                 to
                 Dardanum
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 landed
                 his
                 Men
                 ;
                 and
                 placing
                 a
                 Garrison
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 furnish'd
                 the
                 Place
                 with
                 abundance
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 some
                 upon
                 the
                 Foredecks
                 of
                 his
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 all
                 along
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 making
                 up
                 suddenly
                 
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 hale
                 off
                 the
                 Ships
                 from
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 pressing
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 in
                 so
                 many
                 Places
                 at
                 once
                 ,
                 they
                 almost
                 wearied
                 them
                 out
                 .
                 Mindarus
                 the
                 Peloponesian
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 hearing
                 the
                 Distress
                 Dorieus
                 was
                 in
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 set
                 Sail
                 from
                 Abidos
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 for
                 the
                 Promontory
                 of
                 ●Dardanum
                 ,
                 with
                 Fourscore
                 and
                 Four
                 Sail
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 .
                 The
                 Land
                 Forces
                 likewise
                 of
                 Pharnabazus
                 were
                 near
                 at
                 Hand
                 ,
                 to
                 support
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Fleet.
                 When
                 the
                 Navies
                 came
                 near
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 both
                 sides
                 prepar'd
                 to
                 Fight
                 .
                 Mindarus
                 commanding
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Ninety
                 Seven
                 Sail
                 ,
                 plac'd
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 in
                 the
                 Left
                 Wing
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 commanded
                 the
                 Right
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   Thrasybulus
                
                 led
                 the
                 Right
                 ,
                 and
                 Thrasyllus
                 the
                 Left
                 Wing
                 .
                 The
                 Lines
                 of
                 Battel
                 being
                 thus
                 disposed
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Sign
                 given
                 by
                 the
                 Admirals
                 ,
                 the
                 Trumpets
                 all
                 at
                 once
                 sounded
                 a
                 Charge
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Rowers
                 neglecting
                 nothing
                 on
                 their
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Pilots
                 every
                 where
                 minding
                 with
                 all
                 diligence
                 their
                 several
                 Helms
                 ,
                 a
                 Bloody
                 Fight
                 began
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 often
                 as
                 the
                 Ships
                 forc'd
                 forwards
                 to
                 pierce
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 so
                 often
                 did
                 the
                 Pilots
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 instant
                 of
                 time
                 carefully
                 move
                 and
                 turn
                 the
                 Ship
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Stroaks
                 only
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 the
                 Vessels
                 .
                 The
                 Souldiers
                 upon
                 the
                 Decks
                 when
                 at
                 first
                 they
                 saw
                 their
                 Broad-sides
                 lye
                 open
                 to
                 the
                 Assaults
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 be
                 discourag'd
                 ,
                 but
                 then
                 again
                 presently
                 when
                 they
                 discern'd
                 that
                 the
                 Charge
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 upon
                 them
                 was
                 eluded
                 by
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 the
                 Pilot
                 ,
                 their
                 Spirits
                 and
                 Courage
                 
                 reviv'd
                 .
                 Neither
                 were
                 they
                 less
                 active
                 ,
                 who
                 fought
                 upon
                 the
                 Decks
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 who
                 were
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 ,
                 ply'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 continually
                 with
                 Darts
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 they
                 fell
                 ,
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 covered
                 over
                 .
                 They
                 who
                 fought
                 at
                 Hand
                 ,
                 threw
                 their
                 Launces
                 one
                 at
                 another
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 piercing
                 through
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 their
                 Opposers
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 the
                 Pilots
                 themselves
                 .
                 If
                 the
                 Ships
                 fell
                 fowl
                 upon
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 then
                 they
                 disputed
                 it
                 with
                 their
                 Spears
                 :
                 And
                 many
                 times
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 close
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 board
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 fight
                 it
                 out
                 with
                 their
                 Swords
                 .
                 What
                 with
                 the
                 doleful
                 Complaints
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 hastening
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 Succour
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 worsted
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 triumphing
                 Shouts
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 Conquerors
                 ,
                 every
                 Place
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 Noise
                 and
                 Confusion
                 .
                 The
                 Fight
                 continu'd
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 with
                 great
                 obstinacy
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 till
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 Alcibiades
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 meerly
                 by
                 chance
                 sailing
                 from
                 Samos
                 to
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 with
                 Twenty
                 Ships
                 )
                 came
                 in
                 view
                 .
                 Before
                 he
                 came
                 near
                 ,
                 both
                 sides
                 hop'd
                 to
                 have
                 Succour
                 from
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 both
                 being
                 confident
                 ,
                 they
                 fought
                 with
                 more
                 Resolution
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 drew
                 near
                 (
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 being
                 still
                 in
                 the
                 dark
                 )
                 he
                 presently
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 Purple
                 Flag
                 from
                 his
                 own
                 Ship
                 as
                 a
                 Sign
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 before
                 order'd
                 and
                 agreed
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Fright
                 forthwith
                 fled
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 incouraged
                 with
                 this
                 happy
                 success
                 ,
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 might
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 
                 
                 took
                 Ten
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 ;
                 but
                 afterwards
                 a
                 great
                 Storm
                 arose
                 ,
                 which
                 much
                 obstructed
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Pursuit
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Sea
                 was
                 so
                 raging
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Pilots
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 manage
                 the
                 Helm
                 ,
                 nor
                 could
                 they
                 make
                 any
                 impression
                 with
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Ships
                 aim'd
                 at
                 ,
                 were
                 born
                 back
                 by
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 the
                 Waves
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 came
                 safe
                 to
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 and
                 March'd
                 to
                 the
                 Land-Army
                 of
                 Pharnabazus
                 :
                 The
                 Athenians
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Empty
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 press'd
                 on
                 with
                 great
                 Valour
                 and
                 Confidence
                 through
                 many
                 hazards
                 
                 and
                 difficulties
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 kept
                 off
                 by
                 the
                 Persian
                 Army
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 
                   Sestus
                   .
                   Pharnabazus
                
                 was
                 the
                 more
                 earnest
                 in
                 opposing
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 he
                 might
                 convince
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 no
                 ill
                 Design
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 sent
                 back
                 the
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Gallies
                 to
                 Phenicia
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 told
                 them
                 he
                 did
                 it
                 ,
                 because
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Egypt
                 and
                 Arabia
                 had
                 some
                 Designs
                 upon
                 Phenicia
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 issue
                 of
                 the
                 Fight
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Fleet
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Sestus
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 :
                 And
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 Day
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 their
                 Fleet
                 was
                 got
                 up
                 together
                 ,
                 they
                 set
                 up
                 another
                 Trophy
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 former
                 .
                 Mindarus
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Abydus
                 about
                 the
                 First
                 watch
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 falls
                 a
                 repairing
                 his
                 shatter'd
                 and
                 disabled
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 sends
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 for
                 Supplies
                 both
                 of
                 Land
                 and
                 Sea-Forces
                 .
                 For
                 whilst
                 his
                 Fleet
                 was
                 repairing
                 ,
                 he
                 determin'd
                 with
                 his
                 Land
                 Souldiers
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 Pharnabazus
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 besiege
                 the
                 Confederate
                 
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 in
                 Asia
                 :
                 The
                 *
                 Calcideans
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Eubeans
                 had
                 deserted
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 were
                 now
                 in
                 great
                 fear
                 (
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 inhabited
                 an
                 Island
                 )
                 lest
                 the
                 Athenians
                 being
                 Masters
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 would
                 invade
                 them
                 ;
                 they
                 solicited
                 therefore
                 the
                 Beotians
                 to
                 assist
                 them
                 to
                 stop
                 up
                 Euripus
                 ,
                 
                 by
                 which
                 Eubea
                 might
                 be
                 annexed
                 to
                 the
                 Continent
                 of
                 Beotia
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 the
                 Beotians
                 agreed
                 ,
                 beause
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 Eubea
                 would
                 be
                 but
                 as
                 the
                 Continent
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Island
                 to
                 others
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Work
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 strove
                 with
                 all
                 diligence
                 to
                 perfect
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 Orders
                 were
                 sent
                 forth
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 Foreigners
                 and
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 to
                 attend
                 upon
                 the
                 Business
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 Hands
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 at
                 Work
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 effected
                 .
                 The
                 Mould
                 began
                 at
                 Calcis
                 in
                 Eubea
                 on
                 the
                 one
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 Aulis
                 in
                 Beotia
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 :
                 For
                 here
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 narrowest
                 .
                 In
                 these
                 straits
                 the
                 Sea
                 was
                 very
                 boisterous
                 and
                 rugged
                 ,
                 but
                 after
                 this
                 Work
                 much
                 more
                 unquiet
                 and
                 raging
                 ,
                 the
                 Passage
                 being
                 made
                 so
                 very
                 strait
                 and
                 narrow
                 :
                 For
                 there
                 was
                 left
                 only
                 room
                 for
                 one
                 Ship
                 to
                 pass
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 Forts
                 built
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 upon
                 the
                 extremities
                 of
                 the
                 Mould
                 ,
                 and
                 Wooden
                 Bridges
                 made
                 over
                 the
                 Current
                 
                 for
                 Communication
                 .
              
               
                 Theramenes
                 ,
                 indeed
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 being
                 sent
                 thither
                 with
                 Thirty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 hinder
                 the
                 Project
                 ,
                 but
                 being
                 over-power'd
                 with
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 defended
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 imploy'd
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 over
                 his
                 Design
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 away
                 towards
                 the
                 Islands
                 .
                 And
                 purposing
                 to
                 relieve
                 the
                 Confederate
                 Cities
                 who
                 were
                 under
                 the
                 burden
                 of
                 Contributions
                 ,
                 he
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoiled
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 loaden
                 with
                 much
                 Spoil
                 and
                 Plunder
                 .
                 He
                 went
                 likewise
                 to
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Confederate
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 impos'd
                 upon
                 them
                 great
                 Mulcts
                 and
                 Fines
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 understood
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 secretly
                 contriving
                 some
                 Changes
                 and
                 Innovations
                 .
                 Thence
                 he
                 sail'd
                 to
                 †
                 Paros
                 ,
                 and
                 freeing
                 the
                 People
                 from
                 the
                 Oligarchy
                 there
                 ,
                 he
                 restor'd
                 the
                 Democracy
                 ,
                 and
                 exacted
                 a
                 great
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 from
                 them
                 who
                 set
                 up
                 the
                 Oligarchy
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 a
                 cruel
                 and
                 bloody
                 Sedition
                 arose
                 in
                 Corcyra
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 occasion'd
                 through
                 private
                 Grudges
                 and
                 Animosities
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 any
                 other
                 Cause
                 .
                 In
                 no
                 City
                 of
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 were
                 ever
                 such
                 horrid
                 Murthers
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 committed
                 ,
                 nor
                 ever
                 was
                 more
                 Rage
                 to
                 the
                 destruction
                 of
                 Mankind
                 heard
                 of
                 :
                 For
                 once
                 before
                 this
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 quarrelling
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 there
                 
                 were
                 Fifteen
                 Hundred
                 Slaughter'd
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 the
                 chiefest
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 .
                 But
                 these
                 Murders
                 following
                 were
                 much
                 more
                 miserable
                 ,
                 the
                 Sparks
                 of
                 old
                 Discords
                 being
                 blown
                 up
                 into
                 a
                 devouring
                 Flame
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 in
                 authority
                 at
                 Corcyra
                 ,
                 aspiring
                 to
                 an
                 Oligarchy
                 ,
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 People
                 favour'd
                 
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Two
                 People
                 contending
                 for
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 ,
                 took
                 different
                 measures
                 :
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 set
                 up
                 an
                 Oligarchy
                 in
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Athenians
                 establish'd
                 every
                 where
                 in
                 theirs
                 ,
                 a
                 Democracy
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Corcyrians
                 therefore
                 discerning
                 that
                 the
                 great
                 Men
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 intended
                 to
                 betray
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 sent
                 to
                 Athens
                 for
                 a
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Conon
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 sails
                 to
                 Corcyra
                 ,
                 and
                 leaves
                 there
                 Six
                 Hundred
                 Messenians
                 drawn
                 out
                 from
                 Naupactus
                 ;
                 and
                 passing
                 from
                 thence
                 with
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 anchor'd
                 at
                 
                 Juno's
                 Temple
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Six
                 Hundred
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 for
                 the
                 Democracy
                 ,
                 rush'd
                 into
                 the
                 Forum
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 set
                 upon
                 them
                 that
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 casting
                 some
                 into
                 Prisons
                 ,
                 killing
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 driving
                 above
                 a
                 Thousand
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 they
                 feared
                 the
                 number
                 and
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 they
                 manumitted
                 all
                 the
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 and
                 infranchiz'd
                 all
                 the
                 Strangers
                 .
                 The
                 Exiles
                 presently
                 fly
                 into
                 the
                 Continent
                 to
                 Epirus
                 ,
                 lying
                 over
                 against
                 them
                 .
                 A
                 few
                 Days
                 after
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 who
                 favour'd
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 ejected
                 ,
                 enter'd
                 the
                 
                 Forum
                 in
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 sending
                 for
                 the
                 Exiles
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 laid
                 all
                 at
                 stake
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 it
                 out
                 .
                 When
                 Night
                 parted
                 them
                 ,
                 Proposals
                 were
                 made
                 for
                 a
                 Pacification
                 ,
                 which
                 taking
                 effect
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 continu'd
                 in
                 their
                 Country
                 with
                 equal
                 Priviledges
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 issue
                 of
                 the
                 flight
                 of
                 the
                 Exiles
                 from
                 Corcyra
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Archelaus
                 King
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 march'd
                 against
                 the
                 Pydneans
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 revolted
                 ,
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 their
                 City
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ;
                 to
                 whose
                 assistance
                 Theramenes
                 came
                 with
                 some
                 Ships
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Siege
                 continuing
                 longer
                 than
                 he
                 expected
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 ‖
                 to
                 Thrace
                 to
                 Thrasybulus
                 the
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet.
                 But
                 Archelaus
                 at
                 length
                 takes
                 Pydnea
                 after
                 a
                 strait
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 removes
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 Twenty
                 Furlongs
                 further
                 from
                 the
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Winter
                 now
                 near
                 an
                 end
                 ,
                 Mindarus
                 randezouzes
                 his
                 Shipping
                 from
                 all
                 Quarters
                 ;
                 for
                 many
                 came
                 both
                 from
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Confederates
                 .
                 The
                 Athenian
                 Generals
                 who
                 lay
                 at
                 Sestus
                 ,
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Preparations
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 no
                 small
                 fear
                 lest
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 set
                 upon
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 at
                 once
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 lose
                 all
                 their
                 Navy
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 hailing
                 down
                 those
                 Ships
                 they
                 had
                 laid
                 up
                 at
                 Sestus
                 ,
                 they
                 sail'd
                 round
                 Chersonesus
                 ,
                 and
                 Anchor'd
                 at
                 Cardia
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 sent
                 to
                 Thrace
                 to
                 Thrasibulus
                 and
                 Theramenes
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 them
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 :
                 Alcibiades
                 likewise
                 they
                 re-call'd
                 from
                 Lesbos
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 now
                 the
                 Fleet
                 was
                 brought
                 together
                 with
                 that
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Admirals
                 long'd
                 to
                 fight
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 hazard
                 of
                 a
                 Battel
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Mindarus
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Admiral
                 sails
                 in
                 a
                 direct
                 Course
                 for
                 Cyzicum
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 lands
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 besieges
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Pharnabazus
                 joins
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 Assistance
                 takes
                 the
                 Place
                 by
                 Storm
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Admirals
                 were
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 make
                 for
                 Cyzicum
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 they
                 advanced
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 sailing
                 round
                 Chersonesus
                 ,
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Eleuntis
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 contriv'd
                 all
                 they
                 could
                 to
                 pass
                 by
                 Abydus
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 lest
                 the
                 Enemy
                 should
                 have
                 intelligence
                 of
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 :
                 Sailing
                 thence
                 to
                 *
                 Preconnesus
                 ,
                 they
                 there
                 lay
                 at
                 Anchor
                 all
                 Night
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 they
                 landed
                 their
                 Men
                 in
                 the
                 Territories
                 at
                 Cyzicum
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 command
                 to
                 Chareas
                 (
                 who
                 led
                 the
                 Army
                 )
                 to
                 march
                 strait
                 to
                 Cyzicum
                 .
                 The
                 Fleet
                 was
                 divided
                 
                 into
                 Three
                 Squadrons
                 ,
                 one
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 another
                 under
                 Theramenes
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Third
                 commanded
                 by
                 
                   Thrasybulus
                   .
                   Alcibiades
                
                 made
                 out
                 with
                 his
                 Squadron
                 far
                 from
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 dar'd
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 to
                 Fight
                 .
                 Theramenes
                 and
                 Thrasybulus
                 us'd
                 their
                 utmost
                 endeavour
                 to
                 close
                 in
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 prevent
                 their
                 Sailing
                 back
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 When
                 Mindarus
                 saw
                 only
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 which
                 was
                 with
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 (
                 having
                 no
                 intelligence
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 )
                 he
                 despised
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 Fourscore
                 Sail
                 (
                 in
                 great
                 Confidence
                 )
                 attacks
                 them
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 near
                 to
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 commanded
                 )
                 counterfeited
                 a
                 Flight
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 with
                 great
                 joy
                 hotly
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 as
                 Conquerors
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 Alcibiades
                 saw
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 decoy'd
                 and
                 drawn
                 them
                 far
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 lifts
                 up
                 his
                 Sign
                 from
                 his
                 Ship.
                 At
                 which
                 ,
                 all
                 his
                 Squadron
                 at
                 one
                 instant
                 tackt
                 about
                 full
                 in
                 front
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 
                 Theramenes
                 and
                 Thrasybuls
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 making
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 left
                 them
                 no
                 way
                 to
                 return
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 with
                 Mindarus
                 ,
                 considering
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 perceiving
                 how
                 they
                 were
                 outwitted
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Consternation
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 Athenians
                 appearing
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 return
                 of
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 intercepted
                 ,
                 Mindarus
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fly
                 to
                 a
                 Place
                 upon
                 that
                 Coast
                 call'd
                 Cleros
                 ,
                 where
                 Pharnabazus
                 was
                 encamp'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 But
                 Alcibiades
                 making
                 a
                 hot
                 Pursuit
                 after
                 them
                 ,
                 sunk
                 and
                 took
                 many
                 
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 forcing
                 the
                 rest
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 hale
                 them
                 thence
                 with
                 grapling
                 Irons
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 greater
                 Slaughter
                 among
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Army
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 assisted
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 .
                 And
                 indeed
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 lifted
                 up
                 with
                 their
                 Victory
                 )
                 evidenc'd
                 more
                 Valour
                 than
                 Prudence
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 far
                 exceeded
                 them
                 in
                 number
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Army
                 of
                 Pharnabazus
                 assisted
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 with
                 great
                 resolution
                 ,
                 and
                 fighting
                 from
                 Land
                 ,
                 had
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 a
                 certain
                 and
                 fixt
                 station
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 Thrasybulus
                 saw
                 the
                 aid
                 that
                 was
                 given
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 from
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 he
                 landed
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 succour
                 Alcibiades
                 ;
                 and
                 commanded
                 Theramenes
                 ,
                 that
                 with
                 all
                 expedition
                 he
                 should
                 join
                 the
                 Foot
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Chares
                 ,
                 and
                 fight
                 the
                 Enemy
                 at
                 Land.
                 Whilst
                 these
                 Orders
                 were
                 
                 in
                 executing
                 ,
                 Mindarus
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 General
                 ,
                 bore
                 all
                 the
                 brunt
                 in
                 preserving
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 Alcibiades
                 had
                 laid
                 hold
                 on
                 .
                 Clearchus
                 the
                 Spartan
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 and
                 Mercenary
                 Persians
                 fought
                 with
                 Thrasybulus
                 ,
                 who
                 for
                 some
                 considerable
                 time
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 Seamen
                 and
                 Archers
                 bore
                 up
                 with
                 great
                 Valour
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 killing
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 without
                 great
                 loss
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 :
                 And
                 just
                 when
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 inclos'd
                 round
                 with
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 of
                 Pharnabazus
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 falls
                 in
                 Theramenes
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 and
                 Chares
                 his
                 Foot.
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 those
                 with
                 Thrasybulus
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 before
                 almost
                 spent
                 ,
                 and
                 quite
                 out
                 of
                 Heart
                 ,
                 gather'd
                 Courage
                 ;
                 so
                 the
                 Fight
                 was
                 renew'd
                 ,
                 and
                 continu'd
                 very
                 hot
                 and
                 sharp
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 after
                 ;
                 till
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 gave
                 ground
                 were
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 their
                 whole
                 Body
                 began
                 to
                 break
                 in
                 pieces
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 with
                 Clearchus
                 being
                 forsaken
                 of
                 their
                 Fellows
                 (
                 after
                 many
                 Wounds
                 given
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 ,
                 and
                 Slaughters
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 )
                 were
                 forc'd
                 likewise
                 to
                 give
                 Ground
                 .
                 These
                 being
                 thus
                 broken
                 and
                 dispers'd
                 ,
                 Theramenes
                 hasted
                 to
                 assist
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 sorely
                 press'd
                 in
                 another
                 part
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 now
                 all
                 the
                 
                 Athenian
                 Forces
                 were
                 join'd
                 together
                 ,
                 yet
                 Mindarus
                 was
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 startled
                 at
                 the
                 approach
                 of
                 Theramenes
                 ,
                 but
                 divides
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 into
                 Two
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 commands
                 the
                 one
                 to
                 ingage
                 the
                 fresh
                 Supply
                 ,
                 and
                 keeping
                 the
                 other
                 with
                 himself
                 ,
                 earnestly
                 adjures
                 them
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 stain
                 the
                 honour
                 of
                 the
                 Spartan
                 Name
                 ;
                 especially
                 when
                 the
                 business
                 was
                 now
                 to
                 be
                 disputed
                 with
                 Alcibiades
                 by
                 
                 a
                 Fight
                 at
                 Land.
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Battel
                 for
                 the
                 safety
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 was
                 renew'd
                 with
                 great
                 Gallantry
                 ;
                 and
                 Mindarus
                 in
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 exposing
                 himself
                 to
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 beats
                 down
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ;
                 but
                 at
                 length
                 was
                 kill'd
                 by
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 of
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 fought
                 with
                 that
                 Valour
                 as
                 was
                 agreeable
                 to
                 the
                 fame
                 and
                 glory
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 .
                 Upon
                 his
                 Death
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 and
                 their
                 consederates
                 all
                 as
                 one
                 Man
                 fled
                 with
                 great
                 consternation
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 for
                 a
                 while
                 ,
                 but
                 understanding
                 that
                 Pharnabazus
                 was
                 hastning
                 after
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Party
                 of
                 Horse
                 ,
                 they
                 return'd
                 to
                 their
                 Ships
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 regain'd
                 the
                 *
                 City
                 ,
                 they
                 set
                 up
                 Two
                 Trophies
                 ,
                 one
                 for
                 their
                 Victory
                 
                 at
                 Sea
                 near
                 the
                 Island
                 Polydorus
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 call'd
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 for
                 that
                 at
                 Land
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Enemy
                 first
                 began
                 to
                 fly
                 .
                 The
                 Peloponesians
                 who
                 were
                 left
                 to
                 guard
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 escap'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 ,
                 march'd
                 away
                 to
                 Pharnabazus
                 his
                 Camp.
                 The
                 Athenians
                 being
                 now
                 possess'd
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 were
                 loaden
                 with
                 abundance
                 of
                 Spoil
                 ,
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Conquest
                 of
                 Two
                 Potent
                 Armies
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 News
                 of
                 this
                 Victory
                 was
                 brought
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 Success
                 was
                 so
                 unexpected
                 after
                 all
                 their
                 former
                 Losses
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 People
                 were
                 surpriz'd
                 with
                 Joy
                 at
                 such
                 a
                 happy
                 turn
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 and
                 offered
                 Sacrifices
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 instituted
                 Festivals
                 :
                 And
                 upon
                 this
                 was
                 rais'd
                 a
                 Thousand-Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Horse
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Valiant
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 for
                 the
                 carrying
                 on
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 The
                 City
                 likewise
                 sent
                 to
                 Alcibiades
                 a
                 Supply
                 of
                 Thirty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 to
                 incourage
                 him
                 with
                 greater
                 Confidence
                 (
                 especially
                 now
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 Masters
                 at
                 Sea
                 )
                 to
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Cities
                 who
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 VI.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Spartans
                   seek
                   for
                   Peace
                   .
                   The
                   Speech
                   of
                   Endius
                   .
                   The
                   Athenians
                   refuse
                   .
                
              
               
                 THe
                 Lacedemonians
                 receiving
                 certain
                 intelligence
                 of
                 their
                 rout
                 at
                 Cyzicum
                 ,
                 sent
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 Athens
                 to
                 treat
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 the
                 chief
                 of
                 whom
                 was
                 Endius
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 was
                 admitted
                 Audience
                 ,
                 he
                 came
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 spoke
                 in
                 the
                 Laconick
                 manner
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 and
                 pithy
                 Stile
                 ;
                 whose
                 Oration
                 I
                 judge
                 not
                 fitting
                 to
                 omit
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         The
                         Oration
                         of
                         Endius
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           WE
                           have
                           determin'd
                           to
                           make
                           Proposals
                           of
                           Peace
                           to
                           you
                           ,
                           O
                           ye
                           Athenians
                           ,
                           upon
                           these
                           Conditions
                           ,
                           That
                           the
                           Cities
                           gain'd
                           on
                           either
                           side
                           be
                           retain'd
                           :
                           That
                           the
                           Garrisons
                           every
                           where
                           be
                           dismiss'd
                           :
                           That
                           all
                           Prisoners
                           be
                           releas'd
                           ,
                           one
                           Athenian
                           for
                           one
                           Laconian
                           :
                           For
                           we
                           are
                           not
                           ignorant
                           that
                           the
                           War
                           is
                           very
                           mischievous
                           to
                           us
                           both
                           ,
                           but
                           much
                           more
                           to
                           you
                           ,
                           which
                           I
                           shall
                           make
                           apparent
                           from
                           the
                           things
                           themselves
                           ,
                           if
                           you
                           hearken
                           a
                           while
                           to
                           what
                           I
                           say
                           .
                           For
                           our
                           use
                           all
                           Peloponesus
                           is
                           improv'd
                           and
                           sow'd
                           ,
                           but
                           of
                           Attica
                           which
                           is
                           not
                           so
                           large
                           ,
                           you
                           have
                           but
                           a
                           part
                           in
                           Tillage
                           .
                           This
                           War
                           has
                           brought
                           over
                           many
                           Confederates
                           to
                           the
                           Laconians
                           ;
                           on
                           the
                           contrary
                           ,
                           the
                           Athenians
                           have
                           lost
                           as
                           many
                           as
                           we
                           have
                           gain'd
                           .
                           The
                           richest
                           King
                           of
                           the
                           World
                           maintains
                           our
                           Armies
                           ,
                           but
                           you
                           force
                           the
                           charge
                           of
                           the
                           War
                           from
                           the
                           poorest
                           of
                           the
                           Nations
                           .
                           Our
                           Souldiers
                           therefore
                           being
                           so
                           well
                           paid
                           ,
                           fight
                           chearfully
                           ,
                           but
                           yours
                           (
                           being
                           
                           forc'd
                           every
                           one
                           to
                           bear
                           their
                           own
                           Charges
                           )
                           seek
                           to
                           avoid
                           both
                           the
                           Toyl
                           and
                           the
                           Expence
                           .
                           Moreover
                           ,
                           when
                           our
                           Fleet
                           is
                           out
                           at
                           Sea
                           ,
                           we
                           are
                           more
                           in
                           want
                           of
                           Ships
                           than
                           Men
                           ;
                           but
                           the
                           greatest
                           part
                           of
                           your
                           Men
                           are
                           in
                           your
                           Ships
                           .
                           And
                           that
                           which
                           is
                           most
                           considerable
                           ,
                           although
                           we
                           are
                           inferior
                           to
                           you
                           at
                           Sea
                           ,
                           yet
                           by
                           the
                           Agreement
                           of
                           all
                           we
                           are
                           your
                           Superiors
                           at
                           Land
                           ;
                           for
                           the
                           Spartan
                           knows
                           not
                           how
                           to
                           fly
                           in
                           a
                           Battel
                           at
                           Land.
                           On
                           the
                           other
                           hand
                           you
                           fight
                           at
                           Sea
                           ,
                           not
                           with
                           any
                           hopes
                           to
                           gain
                           the
                           Sovereignty
                           at
                           Land
                           ,
                           but
                           to
                           preserve
                           your selves
                           from
                           utter
                           Destruction
                           .
                           Now
                           it
                           remains
                           that
                           I
                           give
                           you
                           satisfaction
                           ,
                           why
                           when
                           we
                           thus
                           far
                           excel
                           you
                           in
                           feats
                           of
                           Arms
                           ,
                           we
                           should
                           seek
                           to
                           you
                           for
                           Peace
                           .
                           In
                           truth
                           ,
                           though
                           I
                           cannot
                           say
                           ,
                           that
                           Sparta
                           has
                           gain'd
                           any
                           
                           thing
                           by
                           this
                           War
                           ,
                           yet
                           I
                           dare
                           affirm
                           their
                           Damage
                           has
                           not
                           been
                           so
                           great
                           as
                           that
                           of
                           the
                           Athenians
                           .
                           But
                           it
                           's
                           the
                           height
                           of
                           folly
                           ,
                           to
                           take
                           pleasure
                           in
                           common
                           Calamities
                           ,
                           because
                           our
                           Enemies
                           are
                           Fellow
                           Sufferers
                           ;
                           whereas
                           it
                           had
                           been
                           much
                           better
                           neither
                           of
                           us
                           had
                           had
                           the
                           Experience
                           .
                           Neither
                           does
                           the
                           content
                           and
                           satisfaction
                           by
                           the
                           destruction
                           of
                           thine
                           Enemy
                           ,
                           ballance
                           the
                           sorrow
                           that
                           is
                           conceiv'd
                           at
                           the
                           loss
                           of
                           thy
                           Friend
                           .
                           But
                           it
                           is
                           not
                           for
                           these
                           Reasons
                           only
                           that
                           we
                           desire
                           to
                           put
                           an
                           end
                           to
                           the
                           War
                           ,
                           but
                           we
                           are
                           prompted
                           hereunto
                           by
                           the
                           Custom
                           of
                           our
                           Country
                           ;
                           for
                           when
                           we
                           saw
                           by
                           these
                           Wars
                           so
                           many
                           horrid
                           Murthers
                           ,
                           and
                           so
                           much
                           Blood
                           lamentably
                           shed
                           ,
                           we
                           conceiv'd
                           it
                           our
                           duty
                           to
                           make
                           it
                           manifest
                           both
                           to
                           the
                           Gods
                           and
                           Men
                           ,
                           that
                           we
                           are
                           the
                           least
                           concern'd
                           in
                           the
                           causing
                           of
                           it
                           .
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Laconian
                 had
                 spoke
                 this
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 things
                 to
                 the
                 like
                 effect
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 moderate
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 inclin'd
                 to
                 Peace
                 ;
                 but
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 accustom'd
                 to
                 sow
                 the
                 Seeds
                 of
                 Dissention
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 private
                 gain
                 of
                 the
                 publick
                 Disorders
                 ,
                 were
                 for
                 War.
                 Of
                 this
                 Opinion
                 was
                 Cleopho
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 interest
                 among
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 who
                 coming
                 into
                 the
                 Assembly
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 
                 said
                 many
                 things
                 pertinent
                 to
                 the
                 business
                 in
                 hand
                 ,
                 he
                 chiefly
                 incourag'd
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 by
                 magnifying
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 their
                 late
                 Successes
                 ,
                 and
                 urging
                 all
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 manner
                 as
                 if
                 Fortune
                 (
                 contrary
                 to
                 her
                 usual
                 Custom
                 )
                 had
                 now
                 forgot
                 to
                 *
                 dispose
                 and
                 order
                 the
                 Successes
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 by
                 turns
                 and
                 mutual
                 Changes
                 to
                 each
                 
                 side
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 at
                 length
                 ru'd
                 this
                 mischievous
                 Advice
                 which
                 was
                 so
                 little
                 to
                 their
                 advantage
                 ;
                 for
                 being
                 thus
                 deceiv'd
                 with
                 flattering
                 Discourses
                 fram'd
                 only
                 to
                 please
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 brought
                 so
                 low
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 could
                 never
                 after
                 recover
                 their
                 former
                 Strength
                 and
                 Grandeur
                 ;
                 but
                 these
                 things
                 shall
                 be
                 hereafter
                 related
                 in
                 their
                 due
                 Place
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 therefore
                 (
                 being
                 thus
                 puff'd
                 up
                 with
                 their
                 Victories
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 very
                 confident
                 because
                 Alcibiades
                 was
                 their
                 General
                 )
                 concluded
                 they
                 should
                 recover
                 their
                 former
                 Esteem
                 and
                 Reputation
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Hannibal
                   the
                   Carthaginian
                   invades
                   Sicily
                   .
                   The
                   miserable
                   destruction
                   of
                   Selinunte
                   .
                   The
                   ruin
                   likewise
                   of
                   Himera
                   .
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Hermocrates
                   in
                   Sicily
                   .
                
              
               
                 THE
                 Affairs
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 thus
                 ended
                 ,
                 Diocles
                 was
                 chosen
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 at
                 
                   Rome
                   ,
                   Quintus
                   Fabius
                
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Furius
                
                 were
                 Consuls
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 Hannibal
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 General
                 musters
                 an
                 Army
                 out
                 of
                 Spain
                 and
                 Africa
                 ,
                 and
                 puts
                 them
                 on
                 Borad
                 Threescore
                 long
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 provides
                 Fifteen
                 Hundred
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 ,
                 to
                 convey
                 Provision
                 ,
                 Engines
                 ,
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 Siege
                 .
                 Passing
                 over
                 the
                 African
                 Sea
                 with
                 his
                 Navy
                 ,
                 he
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Lilibeum
                 ,
                 a
                 Promontory
                 in
                 Sicily
                 over
                 against
                 Africa
                 .
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 some
                 Selinuntine
                 Horsemen
                 being
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Fleet
                 make
                 towards
                 them
                 ,
                 speeded
                 away
                 in
                 all
                 haste
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 intelligence
                 to
                 their
                 Countrymen
                 of
                 the
                 Approach
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 dispatch'd
                 Messengers
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 to
                 desire
                 Aid
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Hannibal
                 landed
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 markt
                 out
                 his
                 Camp
                 ,
                 beginning
                 at
                 a
                 Pond
                 call'd
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 Lilibeum
                 ;
                 but
                 many
                 Years
                 after
                 ,
                 it
                 gave
                 name
                 to
                 a
                 Town
                 built
                 in
                 that
                 Place
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Hannibal's
                 whole
                 Army
                 (
                 as
                 Ephorus
                 relates
                 )
                 consisted
                 of
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 Timeus
                 says
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 much
                 above
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 .
                 He
                 drew
                 up
                 all
                 his
                 Ships
                 into
                 the
                 Creek
                 near
                 Motys
                 ,
                 intending
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 should
                 hereby
                 be
                 assur'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 invaded
                 not
                 Sicily
                 with
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 them
                 either
                 by
                 Sea
                 or
                 Land.
                 Then
                 being
                 join'd
                 by
                 the
                 Aegestines
                 and
                 other
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 his
                 Camp
                 from
                 Lilibeum
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 towards
                 Selinunte
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Mazarus
                 ,
                 he
                 takes
                 Emporium
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 Assault
                 .
                 Approaching
                 afterwards
                 nearer
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 divides
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Two
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 encamping
                 round
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 raises
                 his
                 Engines
                 and
                 Batteries
                 ,
                 and
                 begins
                 to
                 assault
                 the
                 Town
                 with
                 great
                 Vigour
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 built
                 Six
                 high
                 Towers
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 as
                 many
                 Battering
                 Rams
                 
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 his
                 Darters
                 and
                 Slingers
                 forc'd
                 the
                 Citizens
                 from
                 the
                 Forts
                 and
                 Bulwarks
                 .
                 The
                 Selinuntines
                 had
                 been
                 now
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 disus'd
                 from
                 Sieges
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 only
                 People
                 of
                 Sicily
                 
                 that
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 against
                 Gelon
                 ,
                 they
                 little
                 expected
                 they
                 should
                 have
                 been
                 brought
                 into
                 such
                 Dangers
                 by
                 them
                 whom
                 they
                 had
                 so
                 far
                 engag'd
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 were
                 in
                 great
                 Consternation
                 and
                 Amazement
                 ,
                 seeing
                 the
                 abundance
                 of
                 Engines
                 ,
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 and
                 imminent
                 Danger
                 wherewith
                 they
                 were
                 inviron'd
                 .
                 Yet
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 altogether
                 without
                 hope
                 ;
                 but
                 expecting
                 speedy
                 Aid
                 from
                 Syracuse
                 and
                 other
                 Confederate
                 Cities
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 People
                 as
                 one
                 Man
                 join'd
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 drove
                 the
                 Enemy
                 from
                 the
                 Walls
                 .
                 The
                 Young
                 Men
                 couragiously
                 slighted
                 all
                 Hazards
                 :
                 The
                 Old
                 Men
                 ran
                 from
                 Place
                 to
                 Place
                 upon
                 the
                 Walls
                 to
                 furnish
                 the
                 other
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 ,
                 beseeching
                 them
                 not
                 to
                 suffer
                 the
                 Enemy
                 to
                 enter
                 .
                 The
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 brought
                 Meat
                 and
                 Weapons
                 to
                 them
                 who
                 were
                 fightfor
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 not
                 regarding
                 that
                 Modesty
                 and
                 Sobriety
                 which
                 in
                 times
                 
                 of
                 Peace
                 they
                 were
                 commendable
                 for
                 :
                 The
                 Fear
                 was
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 that
                 even
                 Women
                 were
                 regardless
                 of
                 the
                 Dangers
                 .
              
               
                 Hannibal
                 promis'd
                 the
                 Plunder
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 to
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 applies
                 his
                 Engines
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 (
                 whom
                 he
                 reliev'd
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 with
                 fresh
                 Supplies
                 )
                 begins
                 the
                 Assault
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 first
                 Word
                 of
                 Command
                 ,
                 at
                 one
                 instant
                 the
                 Trumpets
                 sounded
                 to
                 Battel
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Shout
                 ran
                 up
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Posts
                 ;
                 the
                 Walls
                 were
                 batter'd
                 by
                 the
                 Rams
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 from
                 the
                 High
                 Towers
                 ,
                 gall'd
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 with
                 
                 their
                 Darts
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 injoying
                 a
                 long
                 Peace
                 ,
                 their
                 Hands
                 were
                 not
                 inur'd
                 to
                 Action
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 were
                 easily
                 driven
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 the
                 Wooden
                 Towers
                 being
                 far
                 higher
                 than
                 they
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 being
                 batter'd
                 down
                 ,
                 the
                 Campanians
                 willing
                 to
                 make
                 themselves
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 rush'd
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 greatly
                 terrify'd
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 presently
                 many
                 coming
                 in
                 to
                 assist
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 repuls'd
                 with
                 great
                 Loss
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Rubbish
                 lying
                 in
                 the
                 way
                 where
                 they
                 enter'd
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 driven
                 back
                 to
                 the
                 Breach
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 cumber'd
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 were
                 cut
                 off
                 .
                 Night
                 approaching
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 drew
                 off
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 sent
                 forth
                 some
                 Horsemen
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 to
                 
                   Agrigentum
                   ,
                   Gela
                
                 and
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 to
                 desire
                 aid
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 any
                 longer
                 to
                 stand
                 it
                 out
                 against
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 Army
                 .
                 The
                 Geleans
                 and
                 Agrigentines
                 thought
                 it
                 best
                 to
                 wait
                 for
                 the
                 Aids
                 from
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 that
                 with
                 conjoin'd
                 Forces
                 they
                 might
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 having
                 certain
                 intelligence
                 that
                 Selinunte
                 was
                 Besieg'd
                 ,
                 without
                 delay
                 struck
                 a
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Chalcideans
                 (
                 with
                 whom
                 they
                 were
                 then
                 in
                 War
                 )
                 and
                 gather'd
                 all
                 their
                 Forces
                 together
                 from
                 every
                 Place
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 they
                 suppos'd
                 that
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 only
                 Besieg'd
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 in
                 any
                 danger
                 to
                 be
                 suddenly
                 taken
                 ,
                 they
                 protracted
                 the
                 time
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 greater
                 Preparation
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Hannibal
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 light
                 ,
                 renew'd
                 the
                 Assault
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 where
                 the
                 Breach
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 of
                 another
                 Breach
                 made
                 in
                 another
                 part
                 near
                 adjoining
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 remov'd
                 the
                 Rubbish
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 choicest
                 of
                 his
                 fresh
                 Men
                 he
                 sets
                 upon
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 ,
                 and
                 forces
                 them
                 by
                 degrees
                 to
                 give
                 Ground
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 quite
                 to
                 break
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 now
                 had
                 all
                 at
                 stake
                 .
                 Many
                 fell
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 
                 were
                 still
                 supply'd
                 with
                 fresh
                 Men
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 had
                 none
                 to
                 reinforce
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 Assault
                 was
                 renew'd
                 every
                 Day
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Nine
                 Days
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 Resolution
                 and
                 Courage
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 loss
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 when
                 the
                 †
                 Iberians
                 began
                 to
                 enter
                 at
                 the
                 Breaches
                 ,
                 the
                 Women
                 from
                 the
                 tops
                 of
                 the
                 Houses
                 ,
                 fill'd
                 all
                 Places
                 with
                 Cries
                 and
                 Lamentations
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 now
                 judging
                 the
                 Town
                 to
                 be
                 lost
                 ,
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 block
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 nar̄row
                 Passages
                 and
                 Streets
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 the
                 Contest
                 continu'd
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 .
                 But
                 while
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 were
                 making
                 their
                 way
                 by
                 force
                 ,
                 the
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 from
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 the
                 Houses
                 mawl'd
                 them
                 with
                 Tiles
                 and
                 Stones
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 were
                 sorely
                 gall'd
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 come
                 up
                 together
                 in
                 those
                 narrow
                 Passages
                 ,
                 the
                 Walls
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 being
                 strongly
                 man'd
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 being
                 so
                 vex'd
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 cast
                 down
                 Stones
                 upon
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 the
                 Houses
                 .
                 This
                 throwing
                 down
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 from
                 the
                 Roofs
                 of
                 the
                 Houses
                 ,
                 continu'd
                 till
                 Evening
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 still
                 renewing
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 by
                 pouring
                 fresh
                 Men
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 were
                 tir'd
                 out
                 ,
                 their
                 number
                 decreasing
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Enemies
                 still
                 increasing
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 were
                 at
                 last
                 forc'd
                 to
                 desert
                 the
                 Straits
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 City
                 thus
                 taken
                 ,
                 nothing
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 seen
                 but
                 weeping
                 and
                 wailing
                 among
                 
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ;
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 among
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 exultation
                 and
                 *
                 shouts
                 of
                 Victory
                 :
                 Those
                 were
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 their
                 Misery
                 every
                 where
                 before
                 their
                 Eyes
                 ;
                 These
                 now
                 Victorious
                 ,
                 commanded
                 to
                 kill
                 and
                 destroy
                 where
                 and
                 whom
                 they
                 pleas'd
                 :
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 got
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 together
                 in
                 the
                 Market-Place
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 fought
                 it
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 Man.
                 The
                 Barbarians
                 raging
                 in
                 all
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 rifled
                 all
                 the
                 Houses
                 :
                 The
                 Persons
                 
                 they
                 found
                 there
                 ,
                 they
                 either
                 burnt
                 them
                 and
                 their
                 Houses
                 together
                 ,
                 or
                 dragging
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 Streets
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 respect
                 to
                 Age
                 or
                 Sex
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 were
                 Women
                 or
                 Children
                 ,
                 Young
                 or
                 old
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 pity
                 or
                 commiseration
                 ,
                 they
                 put
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 the
                 barbarous
                 manner
                 of
                 their
                 
                 Country
                 ,
                 they
                 mangled
                 their
                 Carcases
                 ;
                 some
                 carry'd
                 about
                 multitudes
                 of
                 Hands
                 tied
                 round
                 their
                 Bodies
                 ;
                 others
                 in
                 Ostentation
                 ,
                 bore
                 about
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 the
                 Slain
                 upon
                 the
                 Points
                 of
                 their
                 Swords
                 and
                 Spears
                 .
                 They
                 only
                 spar'd
                 Wives
                 who
                 fled
                 with
                 their
                 Children
                 to
                 the
                 Temples
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 these
                 only
                 was
                 Favour
                 shew'd
                 ,
                 not
                 out
                 of
                 any
                 Compassion
                 to
                 the
                 Miserable
                 ,
                 but
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 fear
                 they
                 had
                 lest
                 the
                 Women
                 being
                 desperate
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 hopes
                 of
                 Mercy
                 ,
                 should
                 burn
                 the
                 Temples
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 they
                 should
                 lose
                 the
                 Riches
                 and
                 Treasures
                 that
                 were
                 laid
                 up
                 in
                 those
                 Places
                 .
                 For
                 these
                 Barbarians
                 so
                 far
                 exceed
                 all
                 other
                 Men
                 in
                 Impiety
                 ,
                 that
                 whereas
                 others
                 (
                 lest
                 they
                 should
                 offend
                 the
                 Deity
                 )
                 always
                 spare
                 them
                 who
                 fly
                 to
                 their
                 Temples
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 moderate
                 their
                 Cruelty
                 towards
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 very
                 end
                 and
                 purpose
                 that
                 they
                 may
                 have
                 a
                 better
                 opportunity
                 sacrilegiously
                 to
                 rob
                 the
                 Temples
                 .
                 The
                 razing
                 and
                 ruining
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 continu'd
                 till
                 late
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ;
                 all
                 the
                 Houses
                 were
                 burnt
                 or
                 pull'd
                 down
                 ;
                 every
                 Place
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 Blood
                 and
                 dead
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 Sixteen
                 Thousand
                 being
                 there
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 than
                 Five
                 
                 Thousand
                 carry'd
                 away
                 Captives
                 .
                 The
                 Grecians
                 who
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 seeing
                 the
                 inconstancy
                 of
                 the
                 things
                 of
                 this
                 Life
                 ,
                 greatly
                 commiserated
                 the
                 condition
                 of
                 these
                 miserable
                 People
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Matrons
                 in
                 want
                 of
                 Food
                 and
                 Sustenance
                 amongst
                 the
                 Flouts
                 and
                 Jeers
                 of
                 an
                 insulting
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 pass'd
                 all
                 that
                 Night
                 in
                 sorrow
                 and
                 sadness
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 be
                 Eye-Witnesses
                 of
                 the
                 sufferings
                 of
                 their
                 Daughters
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 kind
                 as
                 is
                 shameful
                 to
                 relate
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 cruel
                 Lust
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 sparing
                 neither
                 Girls
                 nor
                 Virgins
                 grown
                 up
                 ,
                 afflicted
                 these
                 poor
                 People
                 with
                 unspeakable
                 Misery
                 .
                 The
                 Mothers
                 
                 while
                 they
                 considered
                 the
                 Slavery
                 they
                 were
                 to
                 undergo
                 in
                 Lybia
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 they
                 and
                 their
                 Children
                 were
                 subjected
                 in
                 great
                 Contempt
                 and
                 Disgrace
                 to
                 the
                 brutish
                 Lusts
                 of
                 domineering
                 Masters
                 (
                 whose
                 Language
                 they
                 understood
                 not
                 ,
                 and
                 whose
                 Actions
                 were
                 altogether
                 Beastly
                 )
                 were
                 in
                 Grief
                 and
                 Sorrow
                 even
                 to
                 see
                 their
                 Children
                 alive
                 ;
                 for
                 every
                 Injury
                 and
                 Disgrace
                 offer'd
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 affected
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 a
                 Dagger
                 had
                 pierc'd
                 their
                 own
                 Hearts
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 yield
                 them
                 any
                 other
                 Relief
                 but
                 Groans
                 and
                 Lamentations
                 ;
                 in
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 they
                 accounted
                 their
                 Parents
                 and
                 Kindred
                 that
                 had
                 lost
                 their
                 Lives
                 in
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 happy
                 ,
                 whose
                 Eyes
                 saw
                 not
                 those
                 Brutish
                 and
                 Beastly
                 acts
                 of
                 Barbarous
                 Cruelty
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 notwithstanding
                 ,
                 Two
                 Thousand
                 Six
                 Hundred
                 that
                 escap'd
                 and
                 fled
                 to
                 Agrigentum
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 received
                 with
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Humanity
                 and
                 Tenderness
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 distributed
                 to
                 every
                 Family
                 ,
                 Corn
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 Stores
                 ,
                 and
                 desir'd
                 every
                 private
                 Person
                 (
                 who
                 yet
                 were
                 very
                 ready
                 on
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 )
                 liberally
                 to
                 
                 supply
                 them
                 with
                 all
                 necessaries
                 for
                 their
                 Sustenance
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 doing
                 ,
                 Three
                 Thousand
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Souldiers
                 sent
                 from
                 Syracuse
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 ,
                 came
                 to
                 Agrigentum
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 heard
                 that
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 taken
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 to
                 demand
                 the
                 Redemption
                 of
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 forbear
                 robbing
                 of
                 the
                 Temples
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 They
                 return'd
                 with
                 this
                 Answer
                 from
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 preserve
                 their
                 own
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 now
                 justly
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 condition
                 of
                 Slaves
                 .
                 That
                 the
                 Gods
                 were
                 angry
                 at
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 had
                 forsaken
                 Selinunte
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 sent
                 Empediones
                 Embassador
                 a
                 Second
                 time
                 ,
                 Hannibal
                 restor'd
                 to
                 him
                 all
                 his
                 Estate
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 always
                 favour'd
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 sometime
                 before
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 taken
                 ,
                 had
                 advised
                 the
                 Citizens
                 not
                 to
                 withstand
                 :
                 He
                 pardon'd
                 likewise
                 all
                 those
                 Prisoners
                 that
                 were
                 of
                 his
                 Kindred
                 ,
                 and
                 permitted
                 those
                 that
                 fled
                 to
                 Agrigentum
                 to
                 repeople
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 till
                 the
                 Lands
                 ,
                 upon
                 paying
                 Tribute
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 Thus
                 was
                 this
                 City
                 taken
                 ,
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Two
                 Years
                 after
                 the
                 Building
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 Hannibal
                 had
                 demolish'd
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 away
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Army
                 toward
                 Himera
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 longing
                 desire
                 to
                 ruin
                 this
                 City
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Town
                 occasion'd
                 the
                 Banishment
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 ;
                 and
                 here
                 it
                 was
                 that
                 his
                 Grandfather
                 Amilcar
                 
                 was
                 routed
                 by
                 Gelon
                 ,
                 who
                 kill'd
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Thousand
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 almost
                 as
                 many
                 Prisoners
                 .
                 In
                 revenge
                 whereof
                 ,
                 Hannibal
                 speeds
                 away
                 with
                 Forty
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 incamps
                 upon
                 an
                 Hill
                 at
                 some
                 distance
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 (
                 to
                 whom
                 join'd
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 and
                 Sicanians
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Twenty
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 )
                 he
                 Besieges
                 
                 
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 Batters
                 the
                 Walls
                 with
                 his
                 Engines
                 in
                 several
                 Places
                 at
                 once
                 ;
                 and
                 with
                 fresh
                 Succours
                 even
                 wearies
                 out
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 effecting
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 forwardness
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 late
                 Successes
                 )
                 was
                 of
                 no
                 small
                 advantage
                 .
                 Whilst
                 he
                 was
                 undermining
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 he
                 supported
                 them
                 with
                 great
                 Pieces
                 of
                 Timber
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 setting
                 them
                 on
                 Fire
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 tumbled
                 down
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 sharp
                 Conflict
                 :
                 These
                 striving
                 to
                 enter
                 by
                 force
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 dread
                 of
                 undergoing
                 the
                 same
                 fate
                 and
                 destruction
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 Selinunte
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Besieged
                 endeavouring
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 might
                 ,
                 to
                 defend
                 their
                 Parents
                 ,
                 Children
                 and
                 Country
                 ,
                 beat
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 repair'd
                 the
                 Wall.
                 For
                 there
                 had
                 before
                 come
                 to
                 their
                 assistance
                 Four
                 Thousand
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Confederates
                 from
                 Agrigentum
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Diocles
                 the
                 Syracusian
                 .
                 Then
                 Night
                 coming
                 on
                 ,
                 it
                 gave
                 a
                 check
                 to
                 the
                 Fury
                 of
                 the
                 Besiegers
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 there
                 was
                 an
                 intermission
                 of
                 the
                 Assault
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 Day
                 ,
                 the
                 Besieged
                 resolving
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 pen'd
                 up
                 as
                 the
                 
                 Selinuntines
                 were
                 (
                 through
                 Sloathfulness
                 )
                 plac'd
                 the
                 Guards
                 upon
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 Sally
                 ,
                 and
                 broke
                 in
                 on
                 a
                 suddain
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 were
                 struck
                 with
                 Terror
                 and
                 Amazement
                 ,
                 conceiving
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Confederates
                 of
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 were
                 come
                 to
                 their
                 Relief
                 .
                 
                 The
                 Salliants
                 therefore
                 being
                 far
                 more
                 daring
                 and
                 *
                 skilful
                 in
                 their
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 the
                 last
                 hope
                 of
                 their
                 safety
                 lying
                 in
                 the
                 good
                 Success
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 they
                 cut
                 off
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 first
                 opposed
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 the
                 whole
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 in
                 †
                 great
                 disorder
                 and
                 confusion
                 fell
                 upon
                 them
                 (
                 for
                 they
                 never
                 suspected
                 that
                 the
                 Besiegd
                 durst
                 ever
                 have
                 attempted
                 any
                 such
                 thing
                 )
                 yet
                 they
                 were
                 under
                 no
                 small
                 disadvantages
                 ;
                 for
                 Fourscore
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 running
                 in
                 Confusion
                 together
                 ,
                 beat
                 down
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 incommodated
                 themselves
                 than
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 The
                 Himereans
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 being
                 in
                 sight
                 of
                 their
                 Parents
                 ,
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 their
                 Friends
                 and
                 Relations
                 upon
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 exposed
                 themselves
                 without
                 fear
                 ,
                 to
                 all
                 dangers
                 for
                 the
                 common
                 safety
                 .
                 The
                 Barbarians
                 therefore
                 astonish'd
                 with
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 unexpectedness
                 of
                 the
                 Onset
                 ,
                 turn'd
                 their
                 Backs
                 ,
                 and
                 fled
                 in
                 great
                 precipitation
                 to
                 their
                 Fellows
                 incampt
                 upon
                 the
                 Hill
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 Himereans
                 pursu'd
                 ,
                 calling
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 not
                 to
                 give
                 any
                 Quarter
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Encounter
                 there
                 were
                 kill'd
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 above
                 Six
                 Thousand
                 (
                 as
                 Timeus
                 relates
                 )
                 but
                 Ephorus
                 says
                 Twenty
                 Thousand
                 .
                 Hannibal
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 so
                 distressed
                 ,
                 drew
                 out
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 encamped
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Relief
                 of
                 his
                 shattered
                 Troops
                 ,
                 setting
                 upon
                 the
                 Himereans
                 now
                 in
                 disorder
                 by
                 the
                 Pursuit
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 there
                 began
                 another
                 sharp
                 Dispute
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 ,
                 at
                 
                 length
                 the
                 Himereans
                 were
                 put
                 to
                 flight
                 ;
                 but
                 Three
                 Thousand
                 of
                 them
                 stood
                 their
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 bore
                 the
                 brunt
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Carthaginian
                 Army
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 signaliz'd
                 their
                 Valour
                 ,
                 all
                 died
                 upon
                 the
                 Spot
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 Fight
                 ,
                 Five
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Gallies
                 which
                 were
                 sometime
                 before
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 aid
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 from
                 the
                 Siculi
                 ,
                 now
                 returning
                 Home
                 ,
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Himera
                 ;
                 but
                 a
                 Rumour
                 spread
                 through
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Forces
                 and
                 Confederates
                 were
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Relief
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Himereans
                   .
                   Hannibal
                
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 imbarques
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 best
                 Souldiers
                 in
                 his
                 Gallies
                 which
                 lay
                 at
                 Motys
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 Sail
                 for
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 to
                 surprize
                 the
                 City
                 now
                 that
                 it
                 wanted
                 sufficient
                 ●trength
                 to
                 defend
                 it
                 as
                 he
                 suppos'd
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 Diocles
                 ,
                 Commander
                 in
                 chief
                 of
                 them
                 who
                 were
                 sent
                 in
                 aid
                 of
                 the
                 Himereans
                 ,
                 advis'd
                 the
                 Captains
                 of
                 the
                 Vessels
                 to
                 sail
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 lest
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 lost
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 their
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 next
                 Fight
                 ,
                 their
                 own
                 City
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 by
                 force
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 end
                 it
                 was
                 thought
                 advisable
                 to
                 leave
                 the
                 City
                 for
                 a
                 while
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 imbarque
                 one
                 half
                 of
                 
                 Diocles's
                 Forces
                 to
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 the
                 Fleet
                 till
                 they
                 were
                 past
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Himera
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 leave
                 the
                 other
                 half
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 till
                 the
                 Gallies
                 return'd
                 .
                 The
                 Himereans
                 took
                 this
                 grievously
                 ,
                 but
                 being
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 in
                 their
                 power
                 to
                 do
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 Gallies
                 were
                 fill'd
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 with
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 to
                 be
                 transported
                 to
                 Messena
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 Diocles
                 with
                 those
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 ,
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 his
                 Journey
                 back
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 leaving
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 slain
                 unbury'd
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Himereans
                 with
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 went
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 
                 as
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 otherwise
                 transported
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Shipping
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 watcht
                 every
                 Night
                 in
                 Arms
                 upon
                 the
                 
                 Bulwarks
                 .
                 And
                 although
                 the
                 Carthaginiaus
                 constantly
                 upon
                 the
                 approach
                 of
                 Day
                 made
                 frequent
                 Assaults
                 in
                 every
                 Place
                 found
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 upon
                 the
                 Walls
                 indefatigably
                 bore
                 the
                 brunt
                 ,
                 believing
                 the
                 Ships
                 would
                 return
                 speedily
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 very
                 Day
                 they
                 held
                 it
                 out
                 couragiously
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 next
                 Day
                 after
                 that
                 the
                 
                 Fleet
                 was
                 in
                 sight
                 far
                 off
                 ,
                 at
                 that
                 instant
                 the
                 Wall
                 was
                 batter'd
                 down
                 by
                 the
                 Engines
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Spanish
                 Regiment
                 in
                 a
                 full
                 Body
                 ,
                 rusht
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 forcing
                 the
                 Guard
                 from
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 another
                 part
                 that
                 possessing
                 the
                 Breaches
                 ,
                 made
                 way
                 for
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 to
                 enter
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 
                 enter'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 with
                 all
                 Savage
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 all
                 in
                 their
                 way
                 ,
                 till
                 by
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Hannibal
                 they
                 forbore
                 their
                 Butcheries
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 plunder'd
                 all
                 the
                 Houses
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 *
                 valuable
                 .
                 Here
                 Hannibal
                 robb'd
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 all
                 the
                 Temples
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 taken
                 out
                 those
                 that
                 fled
                 thither
                 for
                 Refuge
                 ,
                 he
                 set
                 them
                 on
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 raz'd
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Forty
                 Years
                 after
                 the
                 setling
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 there
                 .
                 Among
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 the
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 he
                 commanded
                 to
                 be
                 kept
                 safe
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Men
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Three
                 Thousand
                 ,
                 he
                 caus'd
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 a
                 rising
                 Ground
                 there
                 near
                 at
                 Hand
                 ,
                 where
                 Amilcar
                 his
                 Grandfather
                 perish'd
                 by
                 the
                 Army
                 of
                 Gelon
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Taunts
                 ,
                 and
                 marks
                 of
                 Disgrace
                 ,
                 put
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 
                 the
                 Sword.
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 disbanded
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 among
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 who
                 sided
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Countries
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 them
                 the
                 Campanians
                 ,
                 who
                 made
                 great
                 complaint
                 of
                 the
                 Injustice
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 contributing
                 so
                 much
                 to
                 their
                 Successes
                 ,
                 had
                 not
                 rewarded
                 them
                 proportionably
                 to
                 the
                 Services
                 they
                 had
                 done
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 However
                 Hannibal
                 ship'd
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 leaving
                 a
                 small
                 Guard
                 with
                 his
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 his
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 and
                 Gallies
                 loos'd
                 from
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 loaden
                 with
                 abundance
                 of
                 Prey
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 City
                 came
                 out
                 to
                 meet
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 him
                 with
                 loud
                 and
                 joyful
                 Acclamations
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 General
                 that
                 had
                 performed
                 greater
                 things
                 by
                 far
                 in
                 so
                 short
                 a
                 time
                 than
                 ever
                 any
                 before
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 Hermocrates
                 the
                 Syracusian
                 returned
                 into
                 Sicily
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 in
                 great
                 Esteem
                 
                 among
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 because
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 remarkably
                 serviceable
                 to
                 his
                 Country
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 afterwards
                 sent
                 as
                 Admiral
                 with
                 Thirty
                 Five
                 Sail
                 to
                 the
                 aid
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ;
                 but
                 by
                 a
                 contrary
                 Faction
                 at
                 Home
                 ,
                 being
                 condemn'd
                 to
                 Banishment
                 ,
                 he
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 in
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 deputed
                 by
                 the
                 Government
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 
                 having
                 receiv'd
                 a
                 considerable
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 from
                 Pharnabazus
                 ,
                 whose
                 Favourite
                 he
                 was
                 ,
                 he
                 sail'd
                 to
                 Messina
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 built
                 Five
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 hir'd
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Souldiers
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Money
                 ;
                 and
                 taking
                 likewise
                 with
                 him
                 a
                 Thousand
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 forc'd
                 from
                 Himera
                 ,
                 he
                 attempted
                 with
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 prevented
                 in
                 this
                 Design
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 to
                 Selinunte
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 in
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 a
                 Wall
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 got
                 together
                 as
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 as
                 surviv'd
                 the
                 late
                 Destruction
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 them
                 and
                 many
                 others
                 which
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 into
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 up
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 Six
                 Thousand
                 choice
                 Men.
                 From
                 thence
                 he
                 made
                 an
                 Excursion
                 ,
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Moty●ans
                 ,
                 overcame
                 them
                 that
                 issu'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 driving
                 the
                 rest
                 within
                 their
                 Walls
                 .
                 Presently
                 after
                 ,
                 he
                 broke
                 into
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 the
                 †
                 Panormitans
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 abundance
                 of
                 Plunder
                 .
                 He
                 kill'd
                 likewise
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 that
                 stood
                 in
                 Battalia
                 before
                 their
                 City
                 to
                 oppose
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 shut
                 up
                 the
                 rest
                 within
                 their
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 likewise
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Countries
                 that
                 were
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 high
                 Esteem
                 among
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 likewise
                 presently
                 began
                 to
                 repent
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 Banisht
                 one
                 whose
                 Valour
                 merited
                 so
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 contrary
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 often
                 nam'd
                 and
                 discours'd
                 of
                 in
                 Publick
                 Assemblies
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 gave
                 many
                 hints
                 and
                 signs
                 of
                 their
                 desire
                 to
                 have
                 him
                 recall'd
                 .
                 Hermocrates
                 therefore
                 understanding
                 that
                 his
                 Name
                 was
                 up
                 among
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 us'd
                 his
                 utmost
                 endeavour
                 to
                 return
                 ,
                 knowing
                 that
                 his
                 Enemies
                 and
                 Rivals
                 would
                 oppose
                 it
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 
                 Might
                 :
                 And
                 thus
                 stood
                 things
                 in
                 Sicily
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 VIII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Thrasybulus
                   assaults
                   Ephesus
                   .
                   The
                   Lacedemonians
                   besiege
                   Pylus
                   ;
                   surrender
                   Chalcedon
                   ,
                   
                     besieg'd
                     by
                  
                   Theramenes
                   ;
                   
                     and
                     afterward
                  
                   Byzantium
                   ,
                   
                     which
                     was
                     betray'd
                     to
                  
                   Alcibiades
                   .
                
              
               
                 IN
                 
                   Greece
                   ,
                   Thrasybulus
                
                 sent
                 from
                 Athens
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Thirty
                 Sail
                 well
                 man'd
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 of
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 sail'd
                 to
                 Ephesus
                 ;
                 where
                 landing
                 his
                 Men
                 in
                 two
                 places
                 ,
                 he
                 assaulted
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Townsmen
                 making
                 a
                 brisk
                 Sally
                 ,
                 there
                 began
                 a
                 sharp
                 Engagement
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 four
                 hundred
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 whole
                 Strength
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 fell
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 rest
                 getting
                 to
                 their
                 Ships
                 .
                 Thrasybulus
                 loos'd
                 from
                 thence
                 to
                 Lesbos
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Generals
                 ,
                 who
                 lay
                 at
                 Cyzicum
                 ,
                 pass'd
                 over
                 to
                 *
                 Chalcedon
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 a
                 Fort
                 call'd
                 Chrysopolis
                 ,
                 putting
                 into
                 it
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Garrison
                 ;
                 and
                 commanded
                 the
                 Governors
                 to
                 exact
                 the
                 Tenth
                 part
                 of
                 all
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 that
                 pass'd
                 that
                 way
                 from
                 Pontus
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 the
                 Forces
                 were
                 divided
                 ,
                 and
                 Theramenes
                 was
                 left
                 with
                 fifty
                 Sail
                 to
                 besiege
                 Chalcedon
                 and
                 Byzantium
                 .
                 But
                 Thrasybulus
                 was
                 sent
                 into
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 that
                 Country
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Athenians
                   .
                   Alcibiades
                
                 having
                 sent
                 away
                 Thrasybulus
                 with
                 thirty
                 Sail
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Pharnabasus
                 .
                 There
                 they
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 all
                 that
                 large
                 Tract
                 ,
                 and
                 fill'd
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 with
                 Plunder
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Generals
                 themselves
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 great
                 sum
                 of
                 Mony
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Sale
                 of
                 the
                 Spoils
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Design
                 to
                 case
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 the
                 burden
                 of
                 their
                 Contributions
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 understanding
                 that
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Forces
                 were
                 still
                 about
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 sent
                 Forces
                 against
                 Pylus
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Messenians
                 were
                 in
                 Garrison
                 .
                 At
                 Sea
                 indeed
                 they
                 had
                 Eleven
                 Ships
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 Five
                 were
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 man'd
                 with
                 Spartans
                 ;
                 but
                 their
                 Land
                 Army
                 was
                 but
                 small
                 .
                 With
                 these
                 they
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 
                 Fort
                 ,
                 both
                 by
                 Land
                 and
                 Sea.
                 But
                 when
                 Intelligence
                 was
                 brought
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 sent
                 out
                 Thirty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Anytus
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Anthemion
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Relief
                 of
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 .
                 In
                 his
                 Passing
                 thither
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 Storm
                 arose
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 recover
                 *
                 Malea
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 to
                 Athens
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 were
                 so
                 incens'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 condemn'd
                 him
                 to
                 die
                 as
                 a
                 Traitor
                 :
                 Anytus
                 brought
                 into
                 this
                 imminent
                 Danger
                 ,
                 redeem'd
                 his
                 Life
                 with
                 a
                 
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 ;
                 who
                 is
                 reported
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 First
                 Athenian
                 that
                 ever
                 revers'd
                 a
                 
                 Sentence
                 for
                 Money
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 Messenians
                 in
                 Pylus
                 ,
                 stood
                 it
                 out
                 against
                 all
                 Assaults
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 in
                 hopes
                 of
                 Relief
                 from
                 Athens
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 press'd
                 by
                 fresh
                 and
                 renew'd
                 Succors
                 from
                 the
                 Assailants
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Loss
                 of
                 Men
                 on
                 the
                 one
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 want
                 of
                 Provision
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 
                 to
                 surrender
                 upon
                 Terms
                 .
                 Thus
                 Pylus
                 was
                 reduc'd
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ;
                 the
                 Athenians
                 having
                 had
                 Possession
                 of
                 it
                 Fifteen
                 Years
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 time
                 it
                 was
                 fortify'd
                 by
                 Demosthenes
                 .
              
               
                 During
                 these
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 the
                 Megareans
                 took
                 Nisea
                 ,
                 then
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Athenians
                 sent
                 against
                 them
                 Leotrophides
                 and
                 Timarchus
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 four
                 Hundred
                 Horse
                 .
                 Against
                 whom
                 all
                 the
                 Megareans
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 some
                 from
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 marched
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 drew
                 up
                 in
                 
                 Battalia
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Hills
                 call'd
                 the
                 Horns
                 .
                 There
                 the
                 Athenians
                 fought
                 with
                 that
                 Valour
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 put
                 the
                 Enemy
                 to
                 Flight
                 ,
                 tho'
                 far
                 more
                 in
                 number
                 than
                 themselves
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Battle
                 ,
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 was
                 made
                 amongst
                 the
                 Megareans
                 ;
                 but
                 there
                 were
                 only
                 Twenty
                 kill'd
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 taking
                 the
                 Loss
                 of
                 Nicea
                 very
                 grievously
                 ,
                 wav'd
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 bent
                 all
                 the
                 
                 Heat
                 of
                 their
                 Pursuit
                 after
                 the
                 Megareans
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Rage
                 cut
                 down
                 multitudes
                 
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 made
                 Cratesipidas
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 and
                 man'd
                 five
                 and
                 twenty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 with
                 Supplies
                 sent
                 from
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 Commanded
                 him
                 to
                 succour
                 their
                 Allies
                 ;
                 who
                 spent
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 about
                 Ionia
                 ,
                 
                 doing
                 nothing
                 Considerable
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Mony
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Exiles
                 of
                 Chius
                 ,
                 he
                 both
                 restor'd
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 *
                 Citadel
                 of
                 the
                 Chians
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Exiles
                 were
                 ●eturn'd
                 ,
                 they
                 expell'd
                 those
                 that
                 Banish'd
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 six
                 Hundred
                 ,
                 who
                 possess'd
                 Themselves
                 of
                 a
                 place
                 call'd
                 †
                 Atarneus
                 ,
                 
                 opposite
                 upon
                 the
                 Continent
                 ,
                 naturally
                 fortify'd
                 ;
                 from
                 whence
                 afterwards
                 (
                 growing
                 Strong
                 )
                 they
                 they
                 weary'd
                 the
                 Chians
                 with
                 frequent
                 Invasions
                 .
                 During
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 Alcibiades
                 and
                 Thrasybulus
                 ,
                 having
                 fortify'd
                 Labsacus
                 ,
                 left
                 there
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Garrison
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 sail'd
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 to
                 Theramenes
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 besieging
                 Chalcedon
                 ,
                 having
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Seventy
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 five
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 .
                 The
                 Generals
                 ,
                 drawing
                 up
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 together
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 ,
                 Block't
                 up
                 the
                 City
                 by
                 a
                 Wall
                 of
                 Timber
                 ,
                 drawn
                 from
                 Sea
                 to
                 Sea.
                 Upon
                 which
                 Hippocrates
                 ,
                 made
                 Governor
                 there
                 by
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 (
                 whom
                 the
                 Laconians
                 
                 call
                 Harmostis
                 )
                 made
                 a
                 Sally
                 both
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Chalcedonians
                 :
                 And
                 joyning
                 Battle
                 with
                 Alcibiades
                 (
                 whose
                 Souldiers
                 fought
                 with
                 great
                 Resolution
                 )
                 Hippocrates
                 was
                 slain
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 more
                 kill'd
                 and
                 wounded
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 fled
                 back
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 Alcibiades
                 pass'd
                 over
                 into
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 and
                 Chersonesus
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Design
                 to
                 raise
                 Monies
                 .
                 But
                 Theramenes
                 came
                 to
                 Terms
                 with
                 the
                 Chalcedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 agreed
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 pay
                 the
                 same
                 Tribute
                 
                 that
                 they
                 did
                 before
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 drew
                 off
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 before
                 Byzantium
                 ,
                 designing
                 to
                 block
                 up
                 that
                 place
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Alcibiades
                 having
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 vast
                 Sum
                 of
                 Mony
                 ,
                 procured
                 
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Thracians
                 to
                 joyn
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 making
                 a
                 League
                 and
                 Association
                 with
                 all
                 them
                 of
                 Chersonesus
                 ,
                 he
                 loosed
                 from
                 thence
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Amy
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 *
                 Selymbria
                 by
                 Surrender
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 he
                 exacted
                 a
                 great
                 Sum
                 of
                 Mony
                 ;
                 and
                 placing
                 there
                 a
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 hasten'd
                 away
                 to
                 Theramenes
                 at
                 Byzantium
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 joyntly
                 assault
                 the
                 Town
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Strength
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 were
                 to
                 subdue
                 a
                 City
                 that
                 was
                 very
                 large
                 ,
                 and
                 full
                 of
                 Resolute
                 Men
                 ;
                 for
                 besides
                 the
                 Byzantines
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 very
                 numerous
                 ,
                 
                   Clearchus
                   Harmostes
                
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 ,
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 a
                 Strong
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 Peloponesians
                 and
                 of
                 Mercenaries
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 that
                 (
                 tho'
                 they
                 violently
                 assaulted
                 it
                 )
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 make
                 any
                 considerable
                 Impression
                 upon
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 being
                 gone
                 to
                 Pharnabazus
                 for
                 Mony
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Byzantines
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 taken
                 a
                 Distaste
                 at
                 his
                 Government
                 (
                 For
                 Clearchus
                 was
                 sharp
                 and
                 rigid
                 )
                 betray'd
                 the
                 City
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 in
                 this
                 Manner
                 :
                 The
                 Besiegers
                 made
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 would
                 raise
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 Ship
                 off
                 their
                 Army
                 into
                 Ionia
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Evening
                 ,
                 they
                 Sail'd
                 away
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 drew
                 off
                 their
                 Land-Forces
                 at
                 some
                 Distance
                 from
                 the
                 Town
                 ;
                 but
                 at
                 Midnight
                 the
                 Army
                 march'd
                 back
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 before
                 sent
                 back
                 their
                 Gallies
                 with
                 Orders
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 hale
                 the
                 Ships
                 of
                 the
                 Byzantines
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 Shout
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 all
                 the
                 Army
                 were
                 there
                 present
                 ,
                 they
                 themselves
                 with
                 the
                 Land-Forces
                 kept
                 ready
                 drawn
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 ,
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 in
                 Expectation
                 of
                 the
                 Sign
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Execution
                 of
                 these
                 Commands
                 ,
                 whilst
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 were
                 broken
                 in
                 pieces
                 by
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 others
                 by
                 Grappling-Irons
                 were
                 hal'd
                 forth
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 and
                 terrible
                 
                 Shout
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 ignorant
                 of
                 the
                 Treachery
                 ,
                 sally'd
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Traitors
                 gave
                 the
                 Sign
                 from
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Ladders
                 took
                 in
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 of
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 while
                 they
                 of
                 the
                 Garrison
                 were
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 Port.
                 But
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 being
                 inform'd
                 of
                 the
                 Treachery
                 ,
                 left
                 half
                 the
                 Forces
                 in
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 
                 rest
                 ,
                 ran
                 with
                 all
                 Speed
                 to
                 guard
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 now
                 disposess'd
                 .
                 And
                 altho'
                 the
                 whole
                 Athenian
                 Army
                 was
                 broke
                 in
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 were
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 discourag'd
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ;
                 but
                 with
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 Byzantines
                 so
                 couragiously
                 oppos'd
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 City
                 had
                 never
                 come
                 into
                 their
                 Hands
                 ,
                 if
                 Alcibiades
                 had
                 not
                 made
                 Proclamation
                 that
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 Byzantines
                 should
                 be
                 injur'd
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 a
                 thing
                 very
                 seasonably
                 advis'd
                 :
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Townsmen
                 turn'd
                 their
                 Arms
                 upon
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 (
                 fighting
                 it
                 out
                 with
                 great
                 Gallantry
                 )
                 were
                 kill'd
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 five
                 Hundred
                 ,
                 fled
                 ,
                 as
                 Suppliants
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 Altars
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 The
                 Athenians
                 restor'd
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 Byzantines
                 ,
                 and
                 renew'd
                 the
                 League
                 and
                 Confederacy
                 .
                 The
                 Suppliants
                 likewise
                 were
                 receiv'd
                 upon
                 Terms
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 deliver
                 up
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 their
                 Persons
                 should
                 be
                 Transported
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 there
                 to
                 be
                 dispos'd
                 of
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 People
                 should
                 think
                 fit
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 IX
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Theremenes
                   and
                   Alcibiades
                   return
                   to
                   Athens
                   ;
                   are
                   admir'd
                   by
                   the
                   People
                   .
                   Lysander
                   made
                   General
                   by
                   the
                   
                     Lacedemonians
                     .
                     Antiochus
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Athenian
                   Generals
                   ,
                   beaten
                   at
                   Ephesus
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   Sea-Fight
                   .
                   Agis
                   surprizes
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   Walls
                   of
                   Athens
                   ;
                   but
                   was
                   beaten
                   off
                   .
                   Alcibiades
                   accus'd
                   for
                   Assaulting
                   Cuma
                   ,
                   a
                   Confederate
                   City
                   .
                   Conon
                   made
                   Admiral
                   in
                   his
                   place
                   .
                
              
               
                 AFTER
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 ,
                 Euctemones
                 was
                 made
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 the
                 Romans
                 constituted
                 
                   Marcus
                   Papyrius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Spurius
                   Nautius
                
                 Consuls
                 .
                 Then
                 was
                 celebrated
                 the
                 Ninety-third
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Eubatus
                 of
                 Cyrene
                 got
                 the
                 
                 Victory
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Generals
                 (
                 now
                 possess'd
                 of
                 Byzantium
                 )
                 gain'd
                 
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 except
                 Abydus
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 left
                 Diodorus
                 and
                 Mantitheus
                 ,
                 with
                 sufficient
                 Forces
                 ,
                 Governours
                 in
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 themselves
                 (
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 perform'd
                 many
                 Famous
                 Exploits
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Honour
                 and
                 Safety
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 )
                 return'd
                 with
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 loaden
                 with
                 Spoils
                 to
                 Athens
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 drew
                 near
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 People
                 throng'd
                 out
                 with
                 great
                 Joy
                 to
                 meet
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 both
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 ran
                 together
                 into
                 the
                 Pyreum
                 ;
                 the
                 Arrival
                 of
                 the
                 Generals
                 filling
                 all
                 Persons
                 with
                 Admiration
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 brought
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 two
                 hundred
                 Ships
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 taken
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 with
                 much
                 Spoil
                 ;
                 and
                 their
                 own
                 Ships
                 were
                 gloriously
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 Arms
                 ,
                 Rich
                 Spoils
                 ,
                 and
                 Golden
                 Crowns
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 .
                 Every
                 Body
                 throng'd
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 to
                 see
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 even
                 left
                 without
                 an
                 Inhabitant
                 ,
                 whilst
                 both
                 Bond
                 and
                 Free
                 long'd
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 View
                 of
                 Him.
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 highly
                 Admir'd
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 
                 former
                 Athenians
                 were
                 judg'd
                 comparable
                 to
                 this
                 Man
                 ,
                 who
                 so
                 openly
                 and
                 confidently
                 had
                 stood
                 it
                 out
                 against
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 They
                 who
                 were
                 Poor
                 ,
                 and
                 under
                 Mulcts
                 and
                 Fines
                 ,
                 now
                 hop'd
                 they
                 had
                 an
                 Excellent
                 Advocate
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 raising
                 Tumults
                 and
                 Disturbances
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 could
                 free
                 them
                 from
                 their
                 Penuries
                 and
                 pressing
                 Necessities
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 daring
                 above
                 all
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Excellent
                 Speaker
                 :
                 In
                 times
                 of
                 War
                 a
                 Brave
                 Souldier
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 Skilful
                 a
                 Commander
                 ;
                 ready
                 
                 in
                 undertaking
                 any
                 Desperate
                 Enterprize
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 Comly
                 and
                 Bautiful
                 Countenance
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 Noble
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 Aspiring
                 Mind
                 .
                 All
                 were
                 so
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Expectation
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 concluded
                 his
                 Return
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Prosperity
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 
                 were
                 coupl'd
                 together
                 .
                 For
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Lacedemoniuns
                 were
                 Successful
                 and
                 Victorious
                 whilst
                 he
                 Assisted
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 they
                 hop'd
                 that
                 by
                 his
                 Return
                 ,
                 their
                 Affairs
                 would
                 change
                 to
                 the
                 Better
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Fleet
                 entred
                 into
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 all
                 Eyes
                 were
                 fix'd
                 upon
                 
                 Alcibiades's
                 Ship
                 ;
                 and
                 upon
                 his
                 Landing
                 ,
                 they
                 receiv'd
                 him
                 with
                 great
                 Acclamations
                 ,
                 and
                 Congratulated
                 his
                 Return
                 and
                 Victories
                 .
                 After
                 he
                 had
                 with
                 all
                 Courteous
                 Behaviour
                 Saluted
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 an
                 *
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 where
                 having
                 made
                 a
                 long
                 Defeence
                 for
                 the
                 Clearing
                 of
                 his
                 Innocency
                 ,
                 he
                 so
                 insinuated
                 himself
                 into
                 the
                 Good-will
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 cast
                 the
                 Blame
                 of
                 the
                 †
                 Dooms
                 and
                 Judgments
                 against
                 him
                 upon
                 the
                 City
                 it self
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 they
                 restor'd
                 all
                 his
                 Estate
                 ,
                 not
                 long
                 before
                 Consiscated
                 ,
                 and
                 threw
                 the
                 Records
                 of
                 his
                 Condemnation
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ;
                 and
                 Revers'd
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 that
                 were
                 Decreed
                 against
                 him
                 :
                 And
                 a
                 Decree
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 *
                 Eumolpides
                 should
                 take
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 absolve
                 him
                 from
                 that
                 Curse
                 they
                 had
                 pronounc'd
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 suppos'd
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 guilty
                 of
                 Prophaning
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Mysteries
                 .
                 At
                 last
                 they
                 made
                 him
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 him
                 full
                 Power
                 ,
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 ;
                 and
                 committed
                 all
                 their
                 Forces
                 to
                 his
                 Command
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 Constituted
                 .
                 other
                 Generals
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 fit
                 :
                 That
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 Adimantus
                 and
                 Thrasybulus
                 ;
                 and
                 He
                 Himself
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Sail
                 ,
                 pass'd
                 over
                 to
                 Andros
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 possess'd
                 Himself
                 of
                 the
                 Fort
                 
                 Gaurium
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 it
                 in
                 with
                 a
                 Wall.
                 But
                 the
                 Andrians
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Strenth
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Succours
                 ,
                 sent
                 to
                 them
                 from
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 sally'd
                 out
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 whereupon
                 a
                 sharp
                 Engagement
                 follow'd
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 Conquerors
                 ;
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 came
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 being
                 cum
                 off
                 .
                 Of
                 those
                 that
                 escap'd
                 ,
                 some
                 were
                 scatter'd
                 abroad
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 others
                 got
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 .
                 After
                 he
                 had
                 several
                 times
                 attempted
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 City
                 by
                 Assault
                 ,
                 and
                 saw
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 he
                 prevail
                 ,
                 left
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Garrison
                 in
                 the
                 Fort
                 (
                 by
                 him
                 
                 before
                 fortify'd
                 )
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Thrasybulus
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 Himself
                 sail'd
                 away
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 ,
                 Coos
                 ,
                 and
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 got
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 provision
                 for
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 although
                 they
                 had
                 lost
                 most
                 of
                 their
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 their
                 General
                 Mindarus
                 ;
                 yet
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 discourag'd
                 ,
                 but
                 created
                 Lysander
                 Admiral
                 of
                 their
                 Navy
                 ;
                 a
                 most
                 Expert
                 Souldier
                 ,
                 Bold
                 and
                 Daring
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 ready
                 to
                 undertake
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 through
                 all
                 Hazards
                 whatsoever
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 enter'd
                 upon
                 his
                 Command
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 no
                 small
                 number
                 of
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 throughout
                 all
                 Pelopenesus
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 the
                 Eleet
                 with
                 Seamen
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Circumstances
                 he
                 was
                 able
                 ;
                 and
                 presently
                 arriving
                 at
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 he
                 got
                 together
                 as
                 many
                 Ships
                 from
                 thence
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Towns
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 sail'd
                 away
                 with
                 what
                 Ships
                 h
                 ehad
                 ,
                 to
                 Ephesus
                 and
                 Miletus
                 ;
                 where
                 being
                 further
                 supply'd
                 from
                 these
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 others
                 from
                 Chios
                 ,
                 he
                 set
                 forth
                 from
                 Ephesus
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Seventy
                 Sail.
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 understood
                 that
                 Cyrus
                 ;
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Darius
                 ,
                 was
                 sent
                 from
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 
                 Journy
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 Sardis
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 several
                 Arguments
                 made
                 to
                 encourage
                 the
                 Young
                 Man
                 ,
                 to
                 prosecute
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 him
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 *
                 Daricans
                 for
                 Pay
                 of
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 with
                 Command
                 from
                 Cyrus
                 to
                 proceed
                 ,
                 without
                 doubting
                 his
                 Assistance
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 commanded
                 by
                 his
                 Father
                 to
                 spare
                 no
                 Costs
                 for
                 the
                 Supply
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 in
                 whatsoever
                 they
                 should
                 undertake
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 thence
                 he
                 return'd
                 to
                 Ephesus
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 for
                 the
                 Principal
                 Men
                 of
                 every
                 Neighbouring
                 Town
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 and
                 Confederacy
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 promis'd
                 if
                 the
                 War
                 succeeded
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 make
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 a
                 Prince
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 City
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 each
                 strove
                 to
                 exceed
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 supply'd
                 him
                 with
                 more
                 than
                 was
                 requir'd
                 ;
                 in
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 they
                 abundantly
                 furnish'd
                 Lysander
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 †
                 Necessary
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 sooner
                 than
                 could
                 in
                 reason
                 be
                 imagin'd
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Alcibiades
                 understood
                 that
                 Lysander
                 was
                 preparing
                 a
                 Fleet
                 at
                 Ephesus
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 away
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Navy
                 thither
                 ;
                 where
                 he
                 enter'd
                 the
                 Port
                 without
                 Opposition
                 ,
                 and
                 Anchor'd
                 with
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Vessels
                 near
                 Notium
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 the
                 Command
                 to
                 Antiochus
                 ,
                 the
                 Captain
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 with
                 strict
                 Charge
                 not
                 to
                 Fight
                 till
                 he
                 return'd
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 He
                 Himself
                 sail'd
                 with
                 several
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 to
                 Clazomenes
                 ;
                 which
                 City
                 (
                 yet
                 standing
                 firm
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 )
                 was
                 greatly
                 oppress'd
                 by
                 the
                 Devastations
                 made
                 by
                 some
                 Exiles
                 .
                 But
                 Antiochus
                 ,
                 naturally
                 Rash
                 and
                 Hasty
                 ,
                 earnestly
                 desirous
                 to
                 perform
                 something
                 Remarkable
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Contrivance
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Regard
                 to
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 Mans
                 Ten
                 of
                 the
                 Best
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 Commands
                 the
                 Captains
                 and
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 ready
                 and
                 prepar'd
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 ,
                 to
                 fall
                 in
                 where
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 Occasion
                 :
                 Upon
                 this
                 he
                 makes
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 dares
                 'em
                 to
                 Battle
                 .
                 Lysander
                 ,
                 being
                 inform'd
                 by
                 some
                 Deserters
                 ,
                 that
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 
                 with
                 the
                 Best
                 of
                 the
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 were
                 gone
                 off
                 ,
                 now
                 conceiv'd
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 sit
                 Opportunity
                 put
                 into
                 his
                 Hands
                 ,
                 to
                 do
                 something
                 worthy
                 of
                 the
                 Spartan
                 Name
                 :
                 In
                 Order
                 thereunto
                 ,
                 he
                 makes
                 forth
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 against
                 Antiochus
                 ;
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Ten
                 (
                 which
                 sail'd
                 before
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 which
                 Antiochus
                 was
                 )
                 he
                 presently
                 sinks
                 ,
                 and
                 puts
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 Flight
                 ,
                 and
                 pursues
                 them
                 till
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Officers
                 
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 in
                 great
                 Confusion
                 ,
                 came
                 up
                 to
                 their
                 Assistance
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Fleets
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 were
                 wholly
                 engag'd
                 ,
                 not
                 far
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 Land
                 :
                 In
                 short
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Disorder
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 )
                 were
                 beaten
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Loss
                 of
                 two
                 and
                 twenty
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 .
                 Some
                 few
                 of
                 the
                 Men
                 were
                 taken
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 rest
                 swam
                 to
                 Shore
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 Alcibiades
                 heard
                 of
                 the
                 Defeat
                 ,
                 he
                 sail'd
                 back
                 with
                 all
                 Speed
                 to
                 Notium
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 sufficiently
                 Man'd
                 ,
                 and
                 Refitted
                 his
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 he
                 sail'd
                 into
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Port
                 ;
                 but
                 Lysander
                 ,
                 not
                 daring
                 to
                 Engage
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 determin'd
                 to
                 sail
                 away
                 for
                 Samos
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 done
                 ,
                 Thrasybulus
                 the
                 Athenian
                 General
                 ,
                 with
                 fifteen
                 Gallies
                 came
                 up
                 to
                 ‖
                 Thasus
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 routed
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 about
                 two
                 hundred
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 so
                 straitly
                 besieg'd
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 length
                 they
                 were
                 inforc'd
                 to
                 receive
                 again
                 those
                 that
                 favour'd
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 take
                 in
                 a
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 and
                 renew
                 their
                 Confederacy
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 Thence
                 
                 he
                 sail'd
                 to
                 Abdera
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 Potent
                 City
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 them
                 over
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 These
                 were
                 the
                 things
                 done
                 by
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Generals
                 from
                 the
                 time
                 they
                 left
                 Athens
                 .
              
               
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Agis
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 King
                 ,
                 lay
                 incamp'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 
                 at
                 Deoelea
                 ;
                 where
                 having
                 Intelligence
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Flower
                 and
                 Strength
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 gone
                 away
                 with
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 up
                 to
                 Athens
                 silently
                 in
                 a
                 dark
                 Night
                 ,
                 having
                 with
                 him
                 eight
                 and
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 half
                 of
                 which
                 were
                 Old
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 very
                 well
                 arm'd
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 half
                 were
                 but
                 Raw
                 ,
                 and
                 *
                 Lightly
                 Arm'd
                 :
                 Besides
                 these
                 ,
                 there
                 follow'd
                 him
                 twelve
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 nine
                 of
                 which
                 were
                 Beotians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 from
                 Peloponesus
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 not
                 discern'd
                 by
                 the
                 Watch
                 ,
                 till
                 he
                 was
                 close
                 at
                 hand
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 fell
                 upon
                 them
                 unawares
                 ,
                 and
                 slew
                 some
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 the
                 rest
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 both
                 Young
                 and
                 Old
                 ,
                 were
                 commanded
                 generally
                 to
                 betake
                 themselves
                 to
                 Arms
                 ,
                 to
                 oppose
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Walls
                 round
                 the
                 City
                 were
                 presently
                 fill'd
                 with
                 them
                 that
                 ran
                 thither
                 from
                 all
                 Quarters
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 Light
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Commanders
                 saw
                 the
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 drawn
                 up
                 †
                 into
                 a
                 Body
                 ,
                 four
                 in
                 Depth
                 ,
                 and
                 eight
                 Furlongs
                 or
                 Stages
                 in
                 Front
                 ;
                 they
                 were
                 at
                 first
                 not
                 little
                 terrify'd
                 ,
                 especially
                 two
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 being
                 now
                 possess'd
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 after
                 some
                 time
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 out
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 Horse
                 ,
                 equal
                 in
                 number
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Horse
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 engag'd
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 face
                 of
                 them
                 upon
                 the
                 Walls
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 Contest
                 was
                 sharp
                 for
                 a
                 considerable
                 time
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 
                 Foot
                 drawn
                 up
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 said
                 before
                 ,
                 were
                 as
                 yet
                 five
                 Stages
                 from
                 the
                 Walls
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Horse
                 fought
                 close
                 under
                 them
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 one
                 side
                 the
                 Beotians
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 formerly
                 routed
                 the
                 Athenians
                 at
                 Delium
                 ,
                 look'd
                 upon
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 Dishonourable
                 thing
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 worsted
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 had
                 before
                 Conquer'd
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 were
                 known
                 by
                 all
                 them
                 upon
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 then
                 Eye-witnesses
                 either
                 of
                 their
                 Valour
                 ,
                 or
                 Cowardize
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 ,
                 through
                 all
                 difficulties
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 Conquerours
                 :
                 Accordingly
                 at
                 length
                 they
                 routed
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 ,
                 and
                 pursu'd
                 those
                 that
                 fled
                 ,
                 even
                 close
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 their
                 Foot
                 ;
                 who
                 making
                 up
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Horse
                 return'd
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 Agis
                 (
                 not
                 conceiving
                 it
                 now
                 a
                 fit
                 time
                 to
                 besiege
                 the
                 City
                 )
                 incamp'd
                 in
                 ‖
                 Academia
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 Day
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Athenians
                 erected
                 a
                 Trophy
                 ,
                 he
                 drew
                 out
                 his
                 Army
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ,
                 and
                 Challeng'd
                 them
                 to
                 Battel
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Athenians
                 march'd
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 drew
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 under
                 
                 the
                 Walls
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 gave
                 the
                 Onset
                 ;
                 but
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 showers
                 of
                 Darts
                 ,
                 wherewith
                 they
                 were
                 gall'd
                 from
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 draw
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 ,
                 after
                 great
                 Devastations
                 made
                 in
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 Attica
                 ,
                 they
                 return'd
                 to
                 Peloponesus
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 he
                 sails
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 from
                 Samos
                 to
                 Cuma
                 ,
                 where
                 
                 under
                 colour
                 and
                 pretence
                 of
                 feign'd
                 Crimes
                 ,
                 lay'd
                 to
                 the
                 Charge
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 he
                 wasts
                 and
                 spoils
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 And
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 takes
                 a
                 great
                 multitude
                 of
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 forces
                 them
                 away
                 to
                 his
                 Ships
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Cumeans
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 made
                 out
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Defence
                 and
                 Rescue
                 of
                 their
                 Country-men
                 :
                 Alcibiades
                 for
                 a
                 while
                 bore
                 the
                 Brunt
                 ,
                 but
                 being
                 overcome
                 by
                 fresh
                 Supplies
                 ,
                 both
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 the
                 Army
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fly
                 to
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 leave
                 their
                 Captives
                 behind
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 being
                 much
                 troubled
                 to
                 be
                 thus
                 baffled
                 ,
                 sent
                 for
                 the
                 Regiments
                 from
                 Mitylene
                 ,
                 and
                 drew
                 up
                 his
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 challenging
                 the
                 Cumeans
                 to
                 a
                 Battle
                 .
                 But
                 none
                 coming
                 ,
                 forth
                 ,
                 after
                 many
                 Devastations
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 to
                 Mitylene
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Cumeans
                 sent
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 in
                 their
                 Bill
                 against
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 in
                 form
                 of
                 Law
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoiled
                 ,
                 a
                 Confederated
                 City
                 and
                 
                 Country
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 done
                 them
                 any
                 Injury
                 ;
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Accusations
                 they
                 brought
                 against
                 him
                 :
                 For
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Garrison
                 in
                 Samos
                 (
                 bearing
                 him
                 a
                 Grudge
                 )
                 pass'd
                 over
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 accus'd
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Publick
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 secret
                 Friend
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 kept
                 a
                 close
                 and
                 intimate
                 Correspondence
                 with
                 Pharnabasus
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 very
                 purpose
                 ;
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 War
                 was
                 ended
                 ,
                 he
                 might
                 gain
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 Athens
                 .
                 These
                 Calumnies
                 being
                 easily
                 credited
                 by
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 ,
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 Alcibiades
                 began
                 to
                 wain
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 rather
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 late
                 Ill-success
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Miscarriages
                 at
                 Cuma
                 .
              
               
                 Henceforward
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 began
                 to
                 be
                 jealous
                 of
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 and
                 created
                 ten
                 other
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 
                   Conon
                   ,
                   Lysanias
                   ,
                   Diomedon
                   ,
                   Pericles
                   ,
                   Erasmides
                   ,
                   Aristocrates
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   Archestratus
                   ,
                   Protomachus
                   ,
                   Thrasybulus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Aristogenes
                 .
                 From
                 among
                 these
                 they
                 chose
                 out
                 Conon
                 to
                 be
                 Admiral
                 ;
                 and
                 forthwith
                 sent
                 him
                 to
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 to
                 demand
                 the
                 Fleet
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 gave
                 up
                 his
                 Charge
                 accordingly
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 daring
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 sail'd
                 only
                 with
                 one
                 Ship
                 to
                 Padyen
                 in
                 Thrace
                 .
                 For
                 ,
                 besides
                 the
                 Rage
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 afraid
                 many
                 Crimes
                 would
                 be
                 laid
                 to
                 his
                 charge
                 ;
                 many
                 (
                 now
                 he
                 lay
                 under
                 the
                 hatches
                 )
                 contriving
                 how
                 to
                 load
                 him
                 with
                 Accusations
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 upbraid
                 him
                 with
                 his
                 former
                 Faults
                 ;
                 the
                 greatest
                 of
                 which
                 was
                 that
                 concerning
                 the
                 Horses
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 set
                 upon
                 him
                 a
                 Mulct
                 of
                 *
                 Fifty
                 Talents
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 Diomedes
                 his
                 Friend
                 ,
                 lent
                 him
                 a
                 Chariot
                 with
                 four
                 Horses
                 ,
                 to
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 Olympia
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 subscrib'd
                 his
                 Name
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Custom
                 was
                 )
                 he
                 affirm'd
                 the
                 Horses
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 own
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 Victor
                 by
                 that
                 Chariot
                 and
                 Horses
                 ,
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 carry'd
                 away
                 the
                 Glory
                 ,
                 but
                 detain'd
                 the
                 Horses
                 from
                 him
                 that
                 so
                 friendly
                 and
                 kindly
                 repos'd
                 a
                 Trust
                 in
                 him
                 .
                 Revolving
                 therefore
                 all
                 these
                 things
                 in
                 his
                 Mind
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 afraid
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 now
                 they
                 had
                 an
                 Advantage
                 
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 would
                 rip
                 up
                 all
                 his
                 former
                 Miscarriages
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 the
                 greater
                 load
                 upon
                 him
                 .
                 Therefore
                 he
                 banish'd
                 himself
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 X.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Hermocrates
                   kill'd
                   at
                   Syracuse
                   ,
                   attempting
                   to
                   surprize
                   it
                   .
                
              
               
                 IN
                 this
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 the
                 †
                 Synouris
                 was
                 added
                 to
                 the
                 Olympian
                 Games
                 .
                 And
                 Plistonax
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 died
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 reign'd
                 ‖
                 Fifty
                 Years
                 .
                 To
                 whom
                 succeeded
                 Pausanias
                 ,
                 who
                 Govern'd
                 fourteen
                 Years
                 .
                 The
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 
                   Ialysus
                   ,
                   Lindus
                
                 and
                 Camirus
                 ,
                 Incorporated
                 themselves
                 into
                 one
                 City
                 ,
                 now
                 call'd
                 
                   Rhodes
                   .
                   Hermocrates
                
                 the
                 Syracusian
                 ,
                 march'd
                 out
                 of
                 Selinunte
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 to
                 Himera
                 ,
                 and
                 Encamp'd
                 in
                 the
                 Suburbs
                 of
                 that
                 late
                 ruin'd
                 City
                 .
                 *
                 Where
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 by
                 diligent
                 Enquiry
                 ,
                 found
                 out
                 in
                 what
                 place
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 had
                 their
                 Post
                 ,
                 he
                 gather'd
                 up
                 the
                 dead
                 Bodies
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 them
                 in
                 Chariots
                 richly
                 adorn'd
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 them
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 accompany'd
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 lawful
                 for
                 a
                 Banish'd
                 Man
                 to
                 go
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 not
                 to
                 set
                 a
                 Foot
                 within
                 the
                 Confines
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 he
                 committed
                 the
                 Care
                 of
                 Conveying
                 them
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 to
                 others
                 .
                 He
                 did
                 this
                 to
                 bring
                 an
                 Odium
                 upon
                 Diocles
                 (
                 who
                 oppos'd
                 his
                 Return
                 )
                 for
                 his
                 Neglect
                 in
                 not
                 Burying
                 the
                 Dead
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 regain
                 the
                 Good-will
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 himself
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 Humanity
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Bodies
                 were
                 brought
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 there
                 arose
                 a
                 Dissention
                 amongst
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 Diocles
                 oppos'd
                 the
                 Burial
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 People
                 were
                 unanimously
                 against
                 him
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 it
                 was
                 resolv'd
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 bury'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 grac'd
                 the
                 Solemnity
                 with
                 their
                 Presence
                 ,
                 and
                 Diocles
                 was
                 Banish'd
                 .
                 However
                 Hermocrates
                 was
                 never
                 the
                 nearer
                 being
                 Restor'd
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 very
                 jealous
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 ever
                 he
                 came
                 into
                 Authority
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 usurp
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 .
                 When
                 therefore
                 he
                 understood
                 that
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 to
                 no
                 purpose
                 to
                 strive
                 against
                 the
                 Stream
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 to
                 Selinunte
                 :
                 But
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 being
                 sent
                 to
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Faction
                 ,
                 he
                 hastens
                 away
                 with
                 three
                 thousand
                 Armed
                 
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 marching
                 through
                 Geloa
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 comes
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 before
                 appointed
                 ,
                 where
                 all
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 could
                 not
                 readily
                 follow
                 him
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 with
                 a
                 few
                 he
                 comes
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Gate
                 in
                 Acridana
                 ;
                 where
                 he
                 finds
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 before
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 Places
                 ;
                 there
                 he
                 stay'd
                 for
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 came
                 slowly
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 joyn'd
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Design
                 being
                 discover'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ran
                 Arm'd
                 into
                 the
                 Forum
                 ;
                 where
                 (
                 a
                 great
                 multitude
                 of
                 People
                 being
                 got
                 together
                 )
                 they
                 kill'd
                 Hermocrates
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 of
                 his
                 Accomplices
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 that
                 escap'd
                 (
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 cited
                 them
                 to
                 Appear
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 for
                 their
                 several
                 Tryals
                 )
                 they
                 condemn'd
                 to
                 Banishment
                 .
                 Some
                 therefore
                 that
                 were
                 ill
                 wounded
                 ,
                 were
                 by
                 their
                 Friends
                 reported
                 to
                 be
                 dead
                 ,
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 present
                 Fury
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 Amongst
                 whom
                 was
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 who
                 usurpt
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XI
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Callicratides
                   ,
                   the
                   Lacedemonian
                   General
                   .
                   The
                   Fight
                   at
                   Sea
                   in
                   the
                   Harbour
                   at
                   Mitylene
                   ,
                   between
                   Conon
                   and
                   Callicratides
                   .
                
              
               
                 THUS
                 things
                 pass'd
                 for
                 this
                 Year
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 close
                 of
                 which
                 Antigenes
                 was
                 chosen
                 
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 Athens
                 ;
                 and
                 
                   Manius
                   Aemilius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Valerius
                   ,
                   Roman
                
                 Consuls
                 .
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Conon
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 made
                 up
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 those
                 Ships
                 that
                 lay
                 at
                 Samos
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 for
                 others
                 from
                 the
                 Confederates
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 now
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 considerable
                 Navy
                 ,
                 he
                 hasted
                 away
                 to
                 fight
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 appointed
                 Callicratides
                 Admiral
                 ;
                 Lysander
                 being
                 discharg'd
                 of
                 that
                 Command
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 .
                 This
                 Callicratides
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 Young
                 Man
                 ,
                 of
                 
                 a
                 Plain
                 and
                 Honest
                 Mind
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Innocent
                 Conversation
                 ;
                 not
                 as
                 yet
                 tainted
                 with
                 the
                 Vices
                 and
                 ill
                 Manners
                 of
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 highly
                 esteem'd
                 among
                 the
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 Justice
                 and
                 Integrity
                 ;
                 and
                 every
                 Man
                 own'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 never
                 swerv'd
                 from
                 the
                 Rules
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 either
                 in
                 Publick
                 or
                 Private
                 Affairs
                 :
                 But
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 if
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 any
                 offer'd
                 to
                 corrupt
                 him
                 with
                 Bribes
                 ,
                 he
                 highly
                 resented
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 punish'd
                 them
                 accordingly
                 .
                 Having
                 now
                 receiv'd
                 his
                 Commission
                 ,
                 he
                 sails
                 to
                 Ephesus
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 had
                 the
                 Fleet
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 Lysander
                 ;
                 which
                 
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 that
                 he
                 got
                 together
                 from
                 other
                 parts
                 ,
                 made
                 up
                 a
                 Navy
                 of
                 an
                 hundred
                 and
                 forty
                 Sail.
                 The
                 Athenians
                 then
                 lay
                 at
                 Anchor
                 at
                 *
                 Delphinum
                 in
                 Chios
                 :
                 Against
                 whom
                 he
                 made
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 his
                 way
                 besieg'd
                 a
                 Fort
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ;
                 the
                 Garrison
                 there
                 ,
                 being
                 about
                 five
                 hundred
                 ,
                 were
                 terrify'd
                 at
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 ,
                 and
                 surrender'd
                 the
                 Place
                 upon
                 Articles
                 of
                 Safe
                 Conduct
                 .
                 Then
                 Callicratides
                 demolish'd
                 the
                 Fort
                 ,
                 and
                 sail'd
                 against
                 †
                 Teios
                 ;
                 and
                 surprizing
                 the
                 Place
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 got
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 sack'd
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Passing
                 thence
                 to
                 Lesbos
                 ,
                 he
                 lay
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 before
                 Methymna
                 ,
                 wherein
                 was
                 an
                 Athenian
                 Garrison
                 .
                 At
                 first
                 he
                 prevail'd
                 little
                 ,
                 tho'
                 he
                 press'd
                 hard
                 upon
                 it
                 with
                 daily
                 Assaults
                 :
                 But
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 being
                 let
                 in
                 by
                 the
                 Treachery
                 of
                 some
                 within
                 ,
                 he
                 sack'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 but
                 put
                 none
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 the
                 Place
                 to
                 the
                 Methymneans
                 .
                 Things
                 thus
                 prosperously
                 succeeding
                 ,
                 he
                 hasten'd
                 to
                 Mitylene
                 ,
                 and
                 committing
                 the
                 Heavy-Armed
                 Men
                 ,
                 to
                 Thorax
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 ,
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 march
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 with
                 the
                 Land-Army
                 ,
                 whilst
                 he
                 himself
                 made
                 with
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Shoar
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Conon
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 so
                 prepar'd
                 his
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 
                 (
                 which
                 consisted
                 of
                 seventy
                 Sail
                 )
                 for
                 a
                 Sea-fight
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 excell'd
                 all
                 the
                 Admirals
                 that
                 were
                 ever
                 before
                 him
                 .
                 With
                 these
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Aid
                 of
                 Methymna
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 found
                 it
                 was
                 taken
                 ,
                 he
                 lay
                 with
                 his
                 Fleet
                 at
                 an
                 Island
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Hundred
                   Islands
                
                 .
                 About
                 Break
                 of
                 day
                 next
                 Morning
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 discern'd
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Fleet
                 making
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 conceiving
                 it
                 not
                 advisable
                 to
                 fight
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 that
                 was
                 more
                 than
                 double
                 his
                 number
                 ,
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 sail
                 off
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 snapt
                 up
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Gallies
                 by
                 the
                 way
                 ,
                 determin'd
                 to
                 fight
                 rather
                 at
                 Mitylene
                 ;
                 concluding
                 
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 Conqueror
                 ,
                 he
                 could
                 there
                 pursue
                 them
                 with
                 greater
                 Advantage
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 Conquer'd
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 the
                 Port
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 wherein
                 to
                 shelter
                 himself
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 he
                 Embarks
                 all
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 commands
                 the
                 Rowers
                 to
                 row
                 but
                 gently
                 and
                 slowly
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 might
                 come
                 up
                 nearer
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 the
                 nearer
                 they
                 came
                 ,
                 were
                 more
                 eager
                 to
                 press
                 on
                 ,
                 in
                 confidence
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 overtake
                 and
                 destroy
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 behind
                 in
                 the
                 Rear
                 .
                 But
                 Conon
                 ,
                 by
                 degrees
                 falling
                 down
                 behind
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 the
                 Commanders
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 the
                 Peloponesian
                 Ships
                 ,
                 pursu'd
                 with
                 all
                 Eagerness
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 Means
                 ,
                 the
                 Rowers
                 now
                 wax'd
                 faint
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 drawn
                 away
                 far
                 from
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 :
                 which
                 Advantage
                 being
                 observ'd
                 by
                 Conon
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 now
                 approch'd
                 near
                 to
                 Mitylene
                 ,
                 he
                 set
                 up
                 the
                 Purple
                 Flag
                 from
                 
                 his
                 own
                 Ship
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 a
                 Sign
                 to
                 the
                 Officers
                 to
                 joyn
                 Battle
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Athenians
                 all
                 at
                 one
                 time
                 tack't
                 suddenly
                 about
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 reiterated
                 the
                 ‖
                 Pean
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Trumpets
                 sounded
                 a
                 Charge
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 this
                 sudden
                 Change
                 ,
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 were
                 amaz'd
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 what
                 hast
                 they
                 could
                 in
                 this
                 Extremity
                 ,
                 to
                 put
                 themselves
                 into
                 a
                 Line
                 of
                 Battle
                 ;
                 but
                 having
                 so
                 little
                 time
                 to
                 tack
                 about
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 great
                 Confusion
                 ;
                 especially
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Ships
                 ,
                 where
                 their
                 proper
                 place
                 was
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 deserted
                 ,
                 were
                 so
                 far
                 behind
                 .
                 Conon
                 therefore
                 ,
                 improving
                 the
                 Opportunity
                 put
                 into
                 his
                 Hands
                 ,
                 makes
                 straight
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 before
                 they
                 could
                 put
                 themselves
                 in
                 Order
                 of
                 Battle
                 ,
                 pierces
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 through
                 ,
                 and
                 brushes
                 off
                 the
                 Oars
                 of
                 others
                 .
                 But
                 not
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 Ships
                 that
                 engag'd
                 
                 on
                 that
                 Wing
                 against
                 Conon
                 ,
                 stirr'd
                 ;
                 but
                 with
                 their
                 Oars
                 revers'd
                 ,
                 bravely
                 kept
                 still
                 in
                 one
                 place
                 ,
                 till
                 their
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 came
                 up
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 left
                 Wing
                 of
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Fleet
                 put
                 them
                 (
                 with
                 whom
                 they
                 were
                 engag'd
                 )
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 and
                 hotly
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 all
                 the
                 Peloponesian
                 Fleet
                 came
                 up
                 together
                 ,
                 Conon
                 considering
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 drew
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 forty
                 Ships
                 return'd
                 to
                 Mitylene
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 whole
                 Peloponesian
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 spread
                 themselves
                 every
                 way
                 ,
                 greatly
                 amaz'd
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 who
                 had
                 before
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 that
                 fled
                 )
                 and
                 lying
                 in
                 their
                 way
                 to
                 prevent
                 their
                 Return
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 forc'd
                 them
                 upon
                 Shoar
                 ;
                 whither
                 being
                 closely
                 pursu'd
                 by
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 seeing
                 no
                 other
                 Remedy
                 )
                 forsook
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 to
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 fled
                 to
                 Mitylene
                 .
              
               
                 Callicratides
                 having
                 thus
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 thirty
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 seeing
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Fleet
                 was
                 now
                 broken
                 ,
                 concluded
                 that
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 fight
                 upon
                 Land
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 sail'd
                 straight
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 Conon
                 expecting
                 the
                 City
                 would
                 be
                 besieg'd
                 ,
                 made
                 what
                 Preparation
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 block
                 up
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Haven
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 shallow
                 ,
                 he
                 sunk
                 small
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 loaden
                 with
                 Stones
                 ;
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 deep
                 ,
                 he
                 fill'd
                 great
                 Ships
                 of
                 burden
                 with
                 Stones
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 sixt
                 them
                 with
                 Anchors
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Mitylenes
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 flockt
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 through
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 prepar'd
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 their
                 Defence
                 in
                 the
                 Siege
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 Callicratides
                 commanded
                 his
                 Men
                 to
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 incamp'd
                 near
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 erects
                 a
                 Trophy
                 for
                 his
                 Naval
                 Victory
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 Day
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 best
                 Ships
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 towards
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Design
                 both
                 to
                 enter
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 break
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 *
                 Boom
                 ;
                 giving
                 strict
                 Command
                 that
                 none
                 of
                 them
                 should
                 be
                 far
                 from
                 his
                 own
                 Ship.
                 Conon
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 Mans
                 the
                 Smaller
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 places
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Haven
                 in
                 Front
                 ,
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 puts
                 on
                 Board
                 the
                 longer
                 Vessels
                 the
                 other
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 Some
                 likewise
                 
                 were
                 order'd
                 to
                 guard
                 the
                 Shallows
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 the
                 Port
                 might
                 be
                 defended
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 by
                 Land
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 himself
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Squadron
                 ,
                 fought
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 which
                 was
                 open
                 into
                 the
                 Harbour
                 .
                 They
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 great
                 Ships
                 ,
                 pelted
                 the
                 Enemies
                 with
                 Stones
                 from
                 the
                 Main-Yard
                 :
                 Those
                 that
                 were
                 plac'd
                 near
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 oppos'd
                 them
                 that
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 Land.
                 The
                 Peloponesians
                 all
                 this
                 while
                 were
                 nothing
                 Inferior
                 to
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 in
                 Courage
                 and
                 Resolution
                 ;
                 for
                 ,
                 Charging
                 with
                 their
                 Ships
                 in
                 a
                 full
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 Best
                 of
                 thir
                 Men
                 upon
                 the
                 Decks
                 ,
                 it
                 resembled
                 both
                 a
                 Fight
                 at
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 together
                 :
                 And
                 they
                 fell
                 on
                 with
                 such
                 Fury
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 even
                 Dar'd
                 to
                 hurl
                 themselves
                 upon
                 the
                 Fore-Castles
                 of
                 the
                 Athenian
                 
                 Ships
                 ;
                 judging
                 that
                 they
                 whom
                 they
                 had
                 so
                 lately
                 beaten
                 ,
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 stand
                 the
                 Shock
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 Mitylenes
                 concluding
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 other
                 hopes
                 for
                 Safety
                 left
                 but
                 in
                 Victory
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 die
                 rather
                 than
                 to
                 desert
                 their
                 Posts
                 .
                 This
                 Obstinacy
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 continu'd
                 the
                 Fight
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ;
                 whilst
                 every
                 one
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 Fear
                 ,
                 expos'd
                 himself
                 to
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Dangers
                 :
                 Many
                 upon
                 the
                 Decks
                 ,
                 were
                 sorely
                 gall'd
                 by
                 showers
                 of
                 Darts
                 on
                 every
                 hand
                 :
                 Some
                 mortally
                 wounded
                 ,
                 fell
                 from
                 the
                 Decks
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ;
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 yet
                 untouch'd
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 unsensible
                 of
                 their
                 Wounds
                 ,
                 were
                 resolv'd
                 notwithstanding
                 to
                 stand
                 it
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 .
                 Many
                 were
                 kill'd
                 by
                 Stones
                 cast
                 down
                 upon
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 Main-yards
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 both
                 very
                 big
                 ,
                 and
                 thrown
                 from
                 an
                 high
                 place
                 ,
                 fell
                 with
                 the
                 greater
                 force
                 and
                 violence
                 ,
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Fight
                 had
                 continu'd
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 fell
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 Callicratides
                 commanded
                 a
                 Retreat
                 to
                 be
                 sounded
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 refresh
                 his
                 Men
                 :
                 But
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 he
                 puts
                 them
                 on
                 board
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 renews
                 the
                 Fight
                 .
                 And
                 after
                 a
                 long
                 Conflict
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 (
                 which
                 overpower'd
                 the
                 Athenians
                 )
                 and
                 Valour
                 of
                 those
                 upon
                 the
                 Decks
                 ,
                 he
                 so
                 far
                 prevail'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 drave
                 the
                 Athenians
                 from
                 their
                 Post
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 they
                 fled
                 into
                 the
                 inner
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ;
                 and
                 now
                 the
                 Passage
                 being
                 open
                 ,
                 Callicratides
                 casts
                 Ancho●
                 close
                 to
                 Mitylene
                 :
                 For
                 ,
                 gaining
                 the
                 Place
                 about
                 which
                 the
                 Contest
                 was
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 possess'd
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 which
                 yet
                 was
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Old
                 City
                 is
                 a
                 little
                 Island
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 added
                 of
                 latter
                 tim●●
                 ,
                 lies
                 straight
                 beyond
                 into
                 the
                 Land
                 :
                 Between
                 those
                 two
                 runs
                 a
                 certain
                 Euripus
                 ,
                 or
                 Current
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 City
                 is
                 more
                 strong
                 and
                 defensible
                 .
                 
                 Callicratides
                 therefore
                 ,
                 having
                 landed
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 besieg
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 begirt
                 it
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 Condition
                 of
                 Mitylene
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Therma
                   built
                   in
                   Sicily
                   by
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   .
                   They
                   raise
                   Forces
                   to
                   invade
                   Italy
                   .
                   The
                   noble
                   Temple
                   at
                   Agrigentum
                   .
                   The
                   ancient
                   Grandeur
                   of
                   that
                   City
                   .
                   The
                   Riches
                   of
                   Gellias
                   a
                   Citizen
                   there
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   others
                   .
                   Agrigentum
                   besieg'd
                   .
                   The
                   Syracusians
                   under
                   Daphneus
                   rout
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   near
                   
                     Agrigentum
                     .
                     Imilcar
                  
                   seizes
                   the
                   Syracusian
                   Fleet
                   ,
                   and
                   takes
                   all
                   the
                   Provision
                   going
                   to
                   Agrigentum
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   afterwards
                   quit
                   by
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   :
                   Their
                   miserable
                   Condition
                   .
                   The
                   Phalarian
                   Bull.
                   
                
              
               
                 IN
                 Sicily
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 sent
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 to
                 complain
                 of
                 the
                 late
                 War
                 made
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 persuade
                 them
                 to
                 Peace
                 for
                 the
                 time
                 to
                 come
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 return'd
                 a
                 doubtful
                 Answer
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 they
                 raise
                 again
                 a
                 numerous
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 unanimously
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 do
                 their
                 utmost
                 to
                 subdue
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Sicily
                 :
                 But
                 before
                 they
                 transported
                 their
                 Armies
                 ,
                 
                 having
                 got
                 together
                 out
                 of
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Cities
                 in
                 Africa
                 many
                 that
                 were
                 willing
                 to
                 transplant
                 themselves
                 ,
                 they
                 built
                 a
                 new
                 City
                 call'd
                 Therma
                 ,
                 near
                 
                 the
                 hot
                 Baths
                 in
                 Sicily
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Affairs
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 concluded
                 ;
                 at
                 
                   Athens
                   Callias
                
                 was
                 made
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 
                   Rome
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Furius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Cneius
                   Pompeius
                
                 were
                 created
                 Consuls
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 pusst
                 up
                 with
                 their
                 Successes
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 coveting
                 the
                 gaining
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 ,
                 determin'd
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 to
                 raise
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ;
                 and
                 thereof
                 made
                 Hannibal
                 General
                 (
                 the
                 same
                 that
                 had
                 raz'd
                 Selinunte
                 and
                 Himera
                 )
                 and
                 invested
                 him
                 with
                 full
                 power
                 for
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 But
                 because
                 he
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 excuse
                 himself
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 Age
                 ,
                 they
                 join'd
                 Imilco
                 in
                 Commission
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Hanno
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Family
                 .
                 These
                 Generals
                 consulted
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 some
                 eminent
                 Carthaginians
                 with
                 great
                 Sums
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 to
                 raise
                 Souldiers
                 both
                 out
                 of
                 Spain
                 and
                 the
                 *
                 Baleary
                 Islands
                 .
                 They
                 rais'd
                 likewise
                 throughout
                 
                   Lybia
                   ,
                   Carthaginians
                
                 and
                 Africans
                 ,
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 every
                 City
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 most
                 able
                 for
                 War.
                 There
                 came
                 likewise
                 to
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 Nations
                 and
                 Princes
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 Abroad
                 ,
                 both
                 Mauritanians
                 and
                 Numidians
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 from
                 the
                 Parts
                 near
                 to
                 Cyrene
                 .
                 Besides
                 these
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 transported
                 into
                 
                   Africa
                   ,
                   Campanians
                
                 hired
                 out
                 of
                 Italy
                 .
                 These
                 Campanians
                 they
                 had
                 experienc'd
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 useful
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 when
                 those
                 whom
                 they
                 had
                 left
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 some
                 old
                 Grudge
                 they
                 bore
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 were
                 suspected
                 to
                 be
                 ready
                 to
                 side
                 with
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 when
                 all
                 the
                 Forces
                 together
                 were
                 mustered
                 at
                 
                   Carthage
                   ,
                   Timeus
                
                 reports
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 much
                 above
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 ;
                 but
                 Ephorns
                 affirms
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 now
                 prepare
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Transporting
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Army
                 ;
                 they
                 equipt
                 out
                 all
                 their
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 together
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 .
                 Forty
                 of
                 their
                 Gallies
                 were
                 sent
                 before
                 into
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 presently
                 encounter'd
                 with
                 as
                 many
                 by
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 at
                 Eryx
                 ,
                 where
                 after
                 a
                 long
                 and
                 sharp
                 Dispute
                 ,
                 Fifteen
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Ships
                 were
                 sunk
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 by
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 Night
                 fled
                 clear
                 away
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 News
                 of
                 this
                 Defeat
                 was
                 brought
                 to
                 
                   Carthage
                   ,
                   Hannibal
                
                 the
                 General
                 sail'd
                 away
                 with
                 Fifty
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 contriving
                 both
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Victory
                 fruitless
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 better
                 likewise
                 to
                 secure
                 the
                 transport
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 coming
                 of
                 Hannibal
                 was
                 nois'd
                 through
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 all
                 were
                 of
                 Opinion
                 that
                 he
                 intended
                 forthwith
                 to
                 transport
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 thither
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 (
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 his
                 Preparations
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 now
                 like
                 to
                 lay
                 all
                 at
                 stake
                 )
                 were
                 struck
                 with
                 fear
                 and
                 amazement
                 .
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 therefore
                 sent
                 Embassadors
                 both
                 to
                 the
                 Grecians
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 to
                 desire
                 aid
                 and
                 assistance
                 .
                 They
                 sent
                 Letters
                 likewise
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 ,
                 to
                 intreat
                 them
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 stir
                 up
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 join
                 every
                 where
                 in
                 Arms
                 for
                 the
                 common
                 Defence
                 of
                 the
                 Liberty
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 The
                 Agrigentines
                 considering
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 
                 Army
                 ,
                 concluded
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 thing
                 was
                 in
                 truth
                 )
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 likeliest
                 first
                 to
                 feel
                 and
                 undergo
                 the
                 pressure
                 and
                 weight
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 determin'd
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Corn
                 and
                 other
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 thing
                 else
                 that
                 was
                 valuable
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 brought
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 For
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 both
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 were
                 very
                 rich
                 ;
                 
                 of
                 which
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 inconvenient
                 to
                 say
                 something
                 here
                 more
                 largely
                 .
                 Their
                 Vineyards
                 were
                 large
                 and
                 very
                 pleasant
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 abounded
                 with
                 Olives
                 ,
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 transported
                 and
                 sold
                 at
                 Carthage
                 .
                 
                 For
                 inasmuch
                 as
                 Africa
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 was
                 not
                 planted
                 with
                 this
                 sort
                 of
                 Fruit
                 ,
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 grew
                 very
                 rich
                 by
                 their
                 Trading
                 with
                 the
                 Lybians
                 .
                 Many
                 Marks
                 of
                 their
                 great
                 Wealth
                 remain
                 to
                 this
                 very
                 Day
                 ;
                 to
                 speak
                 a
                 little
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 I
                 conceive
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 a
                 digression
                 from
                 the
                 present
                 Subject
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 First
                 ,
                 The
                 stately
                 .
                 Buildings
                 and
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 their
                 Temples
                 ,
                 especially
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 do
                 sufficiently
                 witness
                 the
                 Grandeur
                 and
                 Riches
                 of
                 the
                 Men
                 of
                 that
                 Age.
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Buildings
                 ,
                 are
                 either
                 burnt
                 or
                 destroy'd
                 by
                 the
                 frequent
                 Stormings
                 of
                 that
                 City
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 
                   Jupiter
                   Olympus
                
                 was
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 laying
                 on
                 the
                 Roof
                 ,
                 a
                 stop
                 was
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Building
                 by
                 the
                 War
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 City
                 being
                 afterwards
                 sackt
                 ,
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 were
                 never
                 able
                 (
                 from
                 that
                 time
                 to
                 this
                 Day
                 )
                 to
                 finish
                 it
                 .
                 This
                 Temple
                 at
                 Agrigentum
                 was
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Forty
                 Foot
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 Threescore
                 in
                 breadth
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 in
                 height
                 (
                 besides
                 the
                 Foundation
                 ,
                 )
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Twenty
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 the
                 greatest
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 largeness
                 of
                 its
                 Foundation
                 ,
                 may
                 compare
                 with
                 any
                 other
                 elsewhere
                 :
                 For
                 though
                 the
                 Design
                 was
                 never
                 finished
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 ancient
                 Platform
                 is
                 still
                 visible
                 ;
                 for
                 whereas
                 some
                 build
                 up
                 their
                 Temples
                 only
                 with
                 Walls
                 ,
                 or
                 compass
                 them
                 round
                 with
                 Pillars
                 ,
                 this
                 is
                 built
                 both
                 with
                 the
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 for
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 there
                 rise
                 lofty
                 Pillars
                 round
                 on
                 the
                 outside
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 and
                 Foursquare
                 within
                 .
                 The
                 Compass
                 of
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 Pillars
                 on
                 the
                 outside
                 ,
                 are
                 Twenty
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 far
                 distant
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 a
                 Man
                 may
                 well
                 stand
                 between
                 each
                 ;
                 within
                 they
                 are
                 of
                 the
                 compass
                 of
                 Twelve
                 Foot.
                 The
                 largeness
                 and
                 height
                 of
                 the
                 Portico's
                 are
                 wonderful
                 ;
                 on
                 the
                 East
                 Side
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 is
                 carv'd
                 the
                 Giants
                 War
                 ;
                 of
                 exquisite
                 and
                 incomparable
                 Workmanship
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 West
                 Side
                 is
                 carv'd
                 the
                 Destruction
                 of
                 Troy
                 ,
                 where
                 may
                 be
                 seen
                 all
                 the
                 brave
                 Heroes
                 and
                 Commanders
                 in
                 their
                 proper
                 Habits
                 ,
                 most
                 admirably
                 represented
                 .
                 In
                 those
                 former
                 times
                 likewise
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Pond
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 cut
                 by
                 Art
                 ,
                 *
                 Seven
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 Compass
                 and
                 †
                 Twenty
                 Cubits
                 in
                 depth
                 :
                 Into
                 this
                 ,
                 with
                 wonderful
                 Art
                 ,
                 were
                 drawn
                 Currents
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 abundantly
                 supply'd
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fish
                 ready
                 for
                 their
                 use
                 ,
                 at
                 all
                 publick
                 Entertainments
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 Pond
                 likewise
                 fell
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 Swans
                 and
                 other
                 Fowl
                 which
                 entertain'd
                 the
                 Spectators
                 with
                 great
                 Delight
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 likewise
                 apparent
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 stateliness
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Sepulchers
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 were
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 the
                 charging
                 Horses
                 of
                 the
                 Heroes
                 there
                 interr'd
                 ;
                 others
                 with
                 those
                 little
                 Birds
                 that
                 the
                 Children
                 ,
                 both
                 Girls
                 and
                 Boys
                 fed
                 and
                 bred
                 up
                 in
                 their
                 Parents
                 Houses
                 .
                 All
                 which
                 ,
                 Timeus
                 affirms
                 he
                 saw
                 in
                 his
                 time
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Ninety
                 Second
                 Olympiad
                 there
                 were
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Chariots
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 all
                 with
                 white
                 Horses
                 ,
                 that
                 attended
                 upon
                 Exenetus
                 ,
                 the
                 Victor
                 at
                 the
                 Olypmick
                 Games
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 him
                 mounted
                 in
                 a
                 stately
                 Chariot
                 with
                 great
                 Pomp
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Their
                 nice
                 and
                 delicate
                 way
                 of
                 Living
                 (
                 till
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 their
                 very
                 Children
                 )
                 both
                 as
                 to
                 their
                 Food
                 and
                 Raiment
                 ,
                 was
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 wore
                 Garments
                 of
                 Cloth
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 their
                 Water-Pots
                 and
                 Boxes
                 of
                 Ointment
                 ,
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 .
                 There
                 was
                 one
                 Gellias
                 the
                 Richest
                 Man
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 ,
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 who
                 built
                 several
                 
                 Rooms
                 for
                 publick
                 Entertainment
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 House
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 Porters
                 at
                 his
                 Gates
                 ,
                 charging
                 them
                 to
                 invite
                 all
                 Strangers
                 that
                 pass'd
                 by
                 ,
                 to
                 come
                 in
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Guests
                 .
                 Many
                 others
                 of
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 imitated
                 his
                 Example
                 ,
                 who
                 made
                 it
                 their
                 business
                 (
                 after
                 the
                 ancient
                 manner
                 )
                 to
                 converse
                 freely
                 and
                 courteously
                 with
                 them
                 they
                 thus
                 invited
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 Empedocles
                 says
                 thus
                 of
                 them
                 —
                 
                   
                     Hospitibus
                     sancti
                     portus
                     ,
                     sine
                     labe
                     malorum
                     .
                  
                
              
               
               
                 It
                 happen'd
                 once
                 ,
                 that
                 Five
                 Hundred
                 Gelonian
                 Horsemen
                 came
                 to
                 his
                 House
                 in
                 
                 Winter-time
                 ;
                 whom
                 he
                 liberally
                 entertain'd
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 'em
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Wardrobe
                 with
                 Cloaks
                 and
                 Coats
                 .
                 Polyclitus
                 in
                 his
                 History
                 declares
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 Souldier
                 in
                 Agrigentum
                 ,
                 he
                 saw
                 a
                 Wine-Cellar
                 in
                 his
                 House
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 were
                 contain'd
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 great
                 *
                 Vessels
                 cut
                 out
                 of
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Rock
                 ,
                 each
                 of
                 which
                 receiv'd
                 an
                 Hundred
                 †
                 Hogsheads
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 near
                 to
                 these
                 was
                 plac'd
                 a
                 Cistern
                 of
                 pure
                 white
                 temper'd
                 Mortar
                 ,
                 containing
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Hogsheads
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 Liquor
                 ran
                 into
                 the
                 Vessels
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 that
                 this
                 Gellias
                 was
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 mean
                 Presence
                 ,
                 
                 but
                 of
                 admirable
                 Parts
                 and
                 Ingenuity
                 .
                 Being
                 once
                 sent
                 an
                 Embassador
                 to
                 the
                 ‖
                 Centuripines
                 ;
                 when
                 he
                 enter'd
                 into
                 the
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 People
                 fell
                 a
                 Laughing
                 ,
                 seeing
                 the
                 mean
                 Aspect
                 of
                 the
                 Man
                 ,
                 so
                 disagreeable
                 to
                 his
                 great
                 Fame
                 and
                 Reputation
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 this
                 sharp
                 Retort
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   what
                   they
                   saw
                   in
                   him
                   was
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   wonder'd
                   at
                   ,
                   because
                   the
                
                 Agrigentines
                 
                   always
                   send
                   the
                   comliest
                   and
                   handsomest
                   Men
                   to
                   the
                   noblest
                   Cities
                   ,
                   but
                   to
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   mean
                   and
                   of
                   little
                   note
                   such
                   as
                   himself
                   .
                
              
               
                 And
                 not
                 only
                 Gellias
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 many
                 other
                 Agrigentines
                 were
                 very
                 rich
                 .
                 
                 Antisthenes
                 surnam'd
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Marriage
                 of
                 his
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 feasted
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 through
                 every
                 Street
                 ,
                 and
                 procur'd
                 above
                 Eight
                 Hundred
                 Chariots
                 to
                 attend
                 upon
                 the
                 Bride
                 :
                 And
                 not
                 only
                 Horsemen
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 but
                 many
                 who
                 were
                 invited
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 went
                 before
                 the
                 new
                 Marry'd
                 Lady
                 in
                 
                 great
                 Pomp
                 and
                 Splendour
                 .
                 To
                 add
                 to
                 the
                 Solemnity
                 of
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 great
                 Preparations
                 for
                 Illuminations
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 order'd
                 that
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 saw
                 a
                 Flame
                 of
                 Fire
                 upon
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 the
                 Altars
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 Temples
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Piles
                 of
                 Wood
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 Streets
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Fewel
                 he
                 had
                 prepar'd
                 and
                 provided
                 in
                 the
                 Taverns
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 kindled
                 together
                 all
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 moment
                 :
                 Whose
                 Command
                 being
                 observ'd
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 instant
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Bride
                 was
                 led
                 forth
                 by
                 a
                 Multitude
                 that
                 bore
                 Torches
                 before
                 her
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 was
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 Flame
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 common
                 Streets
                 and
                 Ways
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 contain
                 those
                 that
                 attended
                 at
                 this
                 Solemnity
                 ;
                 all
                 were
                 so
                 zealous
                 to
                 further
                 and
                 incourage
                 the
                 Gallantry
                 and
                 Magnificence
                 of
                 the
                 Man.
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 there
                 were
                 more
                 than
                 Twenty
                 Thousand
                 Citizens
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 ;
                 but
                 taking
                 in
                 Strangers
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 †
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 is
                 reported
                 of
                 Antisthenes
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 his
                 Son
                 pressing
                 upon
                 a
                 poor
                 Man
                 his
                 Neighbour
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 force
                 him
                 to
                 sell
                 a
                 little
                 Spot
                 of
                 Land
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 chid
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 and
                 advis'd
                 him
                 to
                 forbear
                 a
                 while
                 ;
                 but
                 his
                 covetous
                 Desire
                 encreasing
                 the
                 more
                 ,
                 he
                 told
                 him
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 strive
                 to
                 make
                 his
                 Neighbour
                 Poor
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 desire
                 he
                 should
                 become
                 Rich
                 ;
                 for
                 being
                 Rich
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 covet
                 a
                 greater
                 piece
                 of
                 Land
                 ,
                 which
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 pay
                 for
                 lack
                 of
                 ready
                 Money
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 content
                 to
                 raise
                 Money
                 by
                 the
                 Sail
                 of
                 that
                 which
                 he
                 then
                 had
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 short
                 ,
                 the
                 Excess
                 and
                 Luxury
                 of
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 
                 Riches
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 height
                 of
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 which
                 ended
                 in
                 the
                 Sacking
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 a
                 Decree
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 upon
                 the
                 Guard
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 should
                 have
                 above
                 a
                 Bed
                 ,
                 a
                 Tent
                 ,
                 a
                 Woollen
                 Mantle
                 and
                 Two
                 Pillows
                 .
                 When
                 this
                 seem'd
                 a
                 hard
                 Law
                 ,
                 and
                 disturbance
                 to
                 their
                 Ease
                 and
                 Repose
                 ,
                 we
                 may
                 easily
                 judge
                 how
                 soft
                 and
                 luxurious
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 .
                 As
                 we
                 were
                 not
                 willing
                 to
                 let
                 these
                 things
                 pass
                 altogether
                 ,
                 so
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 break
                 off
                 ,
                 lest
                 we
                 omit
                 things
                 more
                 useful
                 and
                 necessary
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 having
                 landed
                 their
                 Forces
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 marcht
                 straight
                 against
                 
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 their
                 Army
                 into
                 Two
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 incamp'd
                 in
                 Two
                 several
                 Places
                 ;
                 one
                 Camp
                 was
                 upon
                 certain
                 Hills
                 ,
                 where
                 were
                 plac'd
                 Forty
                 Thousand
                 Spaniards
                 and
                 Africans
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 was
                 near
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 fortify'd
                 with
                 a
                 deep
                 Trench
                 and
                 a
                 Wall.
                 At
                 the
                 first
                 they
                 sent
                 Embassadors
                 to
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 ,
                 
                 to
                 invite
                 them
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 as
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 approve
                 of
                 that
                 ,
                 then
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 neuters
                 ,
                 and
                 enter
                 into
                 League
                 of
                 Peace
                 and
                 Amity
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 When
                 both
                 Offers
                 were
                 rejected
                 ,
                 they
                 forthwith
                 press'd
                 on
                 the
                 Siege
                 with
                 all
                 Vigour
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 listed
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 marshall'd
                 them
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 plac'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 were
                 appointed
                 as
                 Reserves
                 to
                 relieve
                 
                 their
                 Fellows
                 as
                 occasion
                 offered
                 .
                 Dexippus
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 was
                 the
                 Man
                 that
                 directed
                 them
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 lately
                 come
                 to
                 their
                 Assistance
                 with
                 Five
                 
                 Hundred
                 Souldiers
                 from
                 Gela
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 liv'd
                 about
                 that
                 time
                 (
                 as
                 Timeus
                 relates
                 )
                 at
                 Gela
                 ,
                 in
                 great
                 Esteem
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 Application
                 was
                 made
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 them
                 of
                 Agragentum
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 hire
                 as
                 many
                 Souldiers
                 as
                 possibly
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 and
                 come
                 to
                 their
                 Relief
                 :
                 Besides
                 these
                 ,
                 they
                 hir'd
                 Eight
                 Hundred
                 Campanians
                 who
                 had
                 formerly
                 serv'd
                 under
                 Imilcar
                 .
                 These
                 kept
                 the
                 Hill
                 Athenea
                 which
                 lay
                 over
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 a
                 very
                 commodious
                 Post
                 .
              
               
                 Imilcar
                 and
                 Hannibal
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Generals
                 having
                 view'd
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 found
                 out
                 a
                 Place
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 most
                 easie
                 to
                 enter
                 ,
                 brought
                 Two
                 Towers
                 of
                 
                 incredible
                 bigness
                 against
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 The
                 first
                 Day
                 out
                 of
                 these
                 they
                 made
                 an
                 Assault
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 kill'd
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 sounded
                 a
                 Retreat
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 Night
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 made
                 a
                 Sally
                 and
                 burnt
                 the
                 Engines
                 :
                 But
                 Hannibal
                 intending
                 to
                 assault
                 the
                 Town
                 in
                 several
                 Places
                 at
                 once
                 ,
                 commanded
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 to
                 pull
                 down
                 all
                 the
                 Monuments
                 and
                 Tombs
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 Rubbish
                 to
                 raise
                 Mounts
                 as
                 high
                 as
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 presently
                 done
                 ,
                 forwarded
                 by
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Multitude
                 .
                 But
                 then
                 a
                 sudden
                 Pang
                 of
                 *
                 Religion
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Army
                 ;
                 for
                 
                 Thero's
                 Monument
                 (
                 a
                 large
                 and
                 stately
                 Structure
                 )
                 was
                 beaten
                 down
                 by
                 a
                 Thunderbolt
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 the
                 advice
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Soothsayers
                 then
                 present
                 ,
                 put
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 the
                 perfecting
                 of
                 the
                 Design
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 the
                 Plague
                 
                 broke
                 out
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 many
                 were
                 destroyed
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 a
                 few
                 seiz'd
                 with
                 tormenting
                 and
                 miserable
                 Pains
                 ,
                 among
                 whom
                 Hannibal
                 himself
                 perish'd
                 .
                 Some
                 that
                 were
                 upon
                 the
                 Watch
                 ,
                 reported
                 they
                 saw
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 the
                 Apparitions
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 dead
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 Imilcar
                 seeing
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 were
                 possess'd
                 with
                 the
                 fear
                 and
                 awe
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 first
                 forbore
                 to
                 demolish
                 the
                 Sepulchers
                 :
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 made
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Custom
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 )
                 Supplications
                 to
                 the
                 Deities
                 ,
                 and
                 sacrific'd
                 a
                 Boy
                 to
                 Saturn
                 ,
                 and
                 threw
                 
                 a
                 Company
                 of
                 Priests
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Sacrifice
                 to
                 Neptune
                 .
                 Notwithstanding
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 Imilcar
                 forsook
                 not
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 but
                 choaking
                 up
                 the
                 River
                 with
                 Rubbish
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 brought
                 up
                 his
                 Engines
                 ,
                 and
                 renew'd
                 his
                 Assaults
                 every
                 Day
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 weighing
                 the
                 Condition
                 of
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 ,
                 and
                 fearing
                 lest
                 they
                 should
                 undergo
                 the
                 same
                 Fate
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 Himera
                 and
                 Selinunte
                 ,
                 were
                 desirous
                 to
                 send
                 them
                 aid
                 ;
                 And
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 having
                 encreas'd
                 their
                 Army
                 by
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 from
                 Italy
                 and
                 Messina
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 Daphneus
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 mustered
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 they
                 set
                 forwards
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 their
                 March
                 were
                 join'd
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Camarineans
                   ,
                   Geleans
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 heart
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 marcht
                 strait
                 for
                 Agrigentum
                 ,
                 having
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Thirty
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 which
                 sail'd
                 all
                 along
                 over
                 against
                 them
                 near
                 the
                 Shoar
                 .
                 Daphneus
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 above
                 Thirty
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Five
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 Imilcar
                 upon
                 intelligence
                 of
                 the
                 approach
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 sent
                 forth
                 against
                 them
                 the
                 †
                 Iberians
                 and
                 Campanians
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Forty
                 Thousand
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 had
                 pass'd
                 the
                 River
                 Himera
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 met
                 by
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Battel
                 was
                 join'd
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 the
                 Dispute
                 
                 had
                 continu'd
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 got
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 who
                 routed
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 above
                 Six
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 pursu'd
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 City
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Syracusian
                 General
                 perceiving
                 his
                 Men
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 disorder
                 and
                 confusion
                 by
                 their
                 Pursuit
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 fear
                 lest
                 Imilcar
                 breaking
                 in
                 upon
                 them
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 should
                 recover
                 the
                 Day
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 remembred
                 how
                 Himereus
                 had
                 formerly
                 lost
                 all
                 by
                 such
                 an
                 Oversight
                 .
                 The
                 
                 Barbarians
                 flying
                 into
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Camp
                 which
                 lay
                 nearest
                 to
                 Agrigentum
                 ,
                 the
                 Besieged
                 concluded
                 they
                 were
                 beaten
                 and
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 earnestly
                 desir'd
                 their
                 Commanders
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 lead
                 them
                 forth
                 ,
                 crying
                 out
                 ,
                 
                   Now
                   was
                   the
                   time
                   come
                   for
                   the
                   utter
                   ruin
                   and
                   destruction
                   of
                   their
                   Enemies
                   .
                
                 But
                 the
                 Officers
                 (
                 whether
                 corrupted
                 by
                 Money
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 reported
                 )
                 or
                 possess'd
                 with
                 fear
                 lest
                 Imilcar
                 should
                 slip
                 into
                 the
                 Town
                 when
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 were
                 gone
                 forth
                 )
                 would
                 not
                 stir
                 ,
                 but
                 commanded
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 to
                 abide
                 within
                 the
                 Town
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 they
                 that
                 fled
                 ,
                 came
                 safe
                 into
                 the
                 Camp.
                 But
                 Daphneus
                 march'd
                 forward
                 ,
                 and
                 incamp'd
                 in
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 the
                 Enemy
                 before
                 lay
                 ;
                 to
                 whom
                 flockt
                 presently
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 with
                 Dexippus
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 was
                 held
                 ,
                 where
                 all
                 shew'd
                 themselves
                 very
                 uneasie
                 and
                 discontented
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 the
                 opportunity
                 was
                 neglected
                 in
                 taking
                 full
                 .
                 Revenge
                 of
                 the
                 Conquer'd
                 
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 their
                 Officers
                 when
                 they
                 might
                 have
                 so
                 easily
                 destroy'd
                 them
                 by
                 a
                 Sally
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 had
                 suffer'd
                 so
                 many
                 Ten
                 Thousands
                 clearly
                 to
                 escape
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 a
                 Tumult
                 arising
                 in
                 the
                 Assembly
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 noise
                 and
                 clamour
                 ,
                 one
                 Menes
                 a
                 Camarinean
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Officers
                 ,
                 stood
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 accused
                 the
                 Commanders
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 so
                 exasperated
                 the
                 whole
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 accus'd
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 heard
                 to
                 speak
                 for
                 themselves
                 ;
                 but
                 Four
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 out
                 of
                 hand
                 ston'd
                 by
                 the
                 inraged
                 Multitude
                 .
                 The
                 Fifth
                 call'd
                 Argeus
                 ,
                 in
                 favour
                 of
                 his
                 Youth
                 ,
                 was
                 discharged
                 .
                 Dexippus
                 likewise
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 was
                 ill
                 spoken
                 of
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 who
                 was
                 General
                 of
                 so
                 considerable
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 ever
                 esteem'd
                 a
                 Man
                 more
                 expert
                 in
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 than
                 most
                 others
                 ,
                 should
                 carry
                 it
                 so
                 basely
                 and
                 treacherously
                 .
                 After
                 the
                 Council
                 was
                 broke
                 up
                 ,
                 Daphneus
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 force
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 Camp
                 ;
                 but
                 discerning
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 excellently
                 well
                 Fortify'd
                 ,
                 drew
                 off
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 blockt
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 Passages
                 with
                 his
                 Horse
                 ,
                 intercepted
                 the
                 Forragers
                 ,
                 and
                 prevented
                 all
                 Provision
                 being
                 brought
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 were
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 great
                 straits
                 and
                 necessities
                 ;
                 for
                 not
                 daring
                 to
                 ingage
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 starving
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Bread
                 ,
                 their
                 Misery
                 was
                 the
                 greater
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 were
                 famish'd
                 to
                 Death
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Campanians
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 came
                 to
                 
                 Imilcar's
                 Tent
                 ,
                 to
                 demand
                 their
                 allowance
                 of
                 Bread
                 ,
                 and
                 threatned
                 to
                 fall
                 off
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 it
                 not
                 .
                 But
                 Imilcar
                 being
                 inform'd
                 that
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 had
                 loaded
                 their
                 Ships
                 with
                 abundance
                 of
                 Corn
                 for
                 Agrigentum
                 (
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 rely'd
                 as
                 his
                 last
                 shift
                 )
                 persuaded
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 to
                 be
                 patient
                 
                 a
                 few
                 Days
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 pawn'd
                 to
                 them
                 the
                 drinking
                 Vessels
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Souldiers
                 :
                 Hereupon
                 he
                 sent
                 for
                 Forty
                 Gallies
                 from
                 Panormus
                 and
                 Motya
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 in
                 wait
                 for
                 the
                 Ships
                 that
                 brought
                 the
                 Provision
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 never
                 suspected
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 durst
                 appear
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 being
                 now
                 Winter
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 had
                 some
                 time
                 before
                 lost
                 their
                 Power
                 and
                 Dominion
                 there
                 .
                 Therefore
                 sailing
                 on
                 with
                 great
                 assurance
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 attack'd
                 by
                 Imilcar
                 ,
                 with
                 Forty
                 Sail
                 ;
                 who
                 presently
                 sunk
                 Eight
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 drave
                 the
                 rest
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 :
                 All
                 which
                 being
                 thus
                 taken
                 ,
                 the
                 Scene
                 of
                 Affairs
                 was
                 so
                 chang'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Campanians
                 that
                 were
                 with
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 
                 (
                 perceiving
                 the
                 desperate
                 Condition
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 )
                 corrupted
                 with
                 Fifteen
                 Talents
                 ,
                 fell
                 away
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 when
                 things
                 went
                 ill
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 were
                 very
                 profuse
                 and
                 prodigal
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 their
                 Corn
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 when
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 were
                 much
                 alter'd
                 to
                 their
                 advantage
                 ,
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 (
                 being
                 so
                 many
                 Thousands
                 penn'd
                 up
                 together
                 )
                 were
                 insensibly
                 and
                 by
                 degrees
                 brought
                 into
                 great
                 want
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 reported
                 that
                 Dexippus
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 also
                 was
                 brib'd
                 with
                 Fifteen
                 Talents
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 told
                 the
                 Italian
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 better
                 to
                 withdraw
                 ,
                 and
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 War
                 in
                 some
                 other
                 Place
                 ,
                 for
                 here
                 they
                 were
                 likely
                 to
                 be
                 starv'd
                 .
                 The
                 Officers
                 therefore
                 considering
                 of
                 
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 said
                 ,
                 march'd
                 away
                 with
                 the
                 Army
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 now
                 the
                 time
                 limited
                 by
                 their
                 Commissions
                 had
                 been
                 determin'd
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 their
                 departure
                 ,
                 the
                 Generals
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 Officers
                 met
                 in
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 ordered
                 that
                 an
                 Account
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 what
                 Provision
                 was
                 left
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 a
                 Return
                 was
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 Scarcity
                 ,
                 they
                 saw
                 it
                 was
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 to
                 quit
                 the
                 Place
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 they
                 commanded
                 all
                 to
                 be
                 ready
                 to
                 be
                 gone
                 the
                 next
                 Night
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 lamentable
                 out-cry
                 
                 in
                 every
                 House
                 throughout
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 ,
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 being
                 in
                 a
                 distraction
                 through
                 fear
                 and
                 dread
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 on
                 the
                 one
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 care
                 of
                 their
                 Goods
                 and
                 Estates
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 which
                 now
                 they
                 must
                 be
                 forc'd
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 measure
                 to
                 leave
                 to
                 the
                 Rapine
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 an
                 aggravation
                 ,
                 being
                 those
                 very
                 things
                 wherein
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 they
                 plac'd
                 their
                 happiness
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 ,
                 seeing
                 that
                 Fortune
                 had
                 stript
                 them
                 of
                 all
                 their
                 Riches
                 ,
                 they
                 judg'd
                 it
                 was
                 wisdom
                 to
                 do
                 what
                 they
                 could
                 to
                 save
                 their
                 Lives
                 .
                 Then
                 might
                 be
                 seen
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 mighty
                 wealth
                 of
                 a
                 flourishing
                 City
                 forsaken
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 miserable
                 People
                 left
                 behind
                 ;
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 sick
                 and
                 infirm
                 ,
                 were
                 disregarded
                 by
                 them
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Family
                 ,
                 whilst
                 every
                 one
                 sought
                 to
                 preserve
                 himself
                 ;
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 through
                 Old
                 Age
                 could
                 
                 not
                 remove
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 like
                 condition
                 .
                 Many
                 that
                 preferr'd
                 Death
                 before
                 the
                 
                 leaving
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 themselves
                 ,
                 chusing
                 rather
                 to
                 dye
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Houses
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 multitude
                 of
                 People
                 that
                 did
                 go
                 forth
                 ,
                 were
                 guarded
                 by
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 to
                 Gela
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Ways
                 and
                 Country
                 towards
                 Gela
                 ,
                 swarm'd
                 with
                 a
                 promiscuous
                 multitude
                 of
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 ;
                 amongst
                 whom
                 ,
                 were
                 young
                 Ladies
                 ,
                 who
                 though
                 they
                 had
                 now
                 chang'd
                 their
                 former
                 soft
                 and
                 delicate
                 way
                 of
                 Living
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 fatigues
                 and
                 sorrows
                 of
                 tedious
                 Journeys
                 ,
                 yet
                 being
                 quickned
                 and
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 by
                 fear
                 ,
                 bore
                 all
                 Difficulties
                 with
                 eminent
                 Patience
                 .
                 They
                 all
                 came
                 at
                 length
                 safe
                 to
                 Gela
                 ;
                 and
                 afterwards
                 Leontium
                 was
                 given
                 to
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 to
                 inhabit
                 .
              
               
                 Imilcar
                 entring
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 not
                 without
                 some
                 fear
                 and
                 jealousie
                 ,
                 
                 kill'd
                 almost
                 all
                 he
                 found
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 not
                 sparing
                 those
                 that
                 fled
                 into
                 the
                 Temples
                 for
                 refuge
                 ,
                 but
                 haling
                 of
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 Altars
                 ,
                 slew
                 them
                 with
                 great
                 cruelty
                 .
                 There
                 (
                 it
                 s
                 said
                 )
                 Gellias
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 so
                 eminent
                 above
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Countrymen
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 his
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 and
                 integrity
                 of
                 his
                 Conversation
                 ,
                 ended
                 his
                 Life
                 with
                 the
                 Loss
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 with
                 some
                 others
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Minerva
                 ,
                 hoping
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 would
                 not
                 commit
                 any
                 outrages
                 against
                 the
                 Gods
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 perceiv'd
                 the
                 cursed
                 Impiety
                 of
                 the
                 Men
                 ,
                 he
                 set
                 Fire
                 to
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 and
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Wealth
                 that
                 was
                 there
                 (
                 consecrated
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 )
                 burnt
                 himself
                 ;
                 by
                 one
                 act
                 preventing
                 Three
                 Evils
                 as
                 he
                 conceiv'd
                 ;
                 the
                 Impiety
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Enemy
                 against
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 the
                 Rapine
                 and
                 Plunder
                 of
                 the
                 vast
                 Treasure
                 that
                 was
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 greatest
                 )
                 the
                 abuse
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Body
                 .
              
               
                 Imilcar
                 having
                 spoil'd
                 and
                 plunder'd
                 all
                 Places
                 both
                 Religious
                 and
                 Prophane
                 ,
                 got
                 together
                 from
                 the
                 Spoil
                 so
                 much
                 Riches
                 as
                 a
                 City
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 inhabited
                 by
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 never
                 taken
                 before
                 since
                 it
                 was
                 built
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 was
                 the
                 richest
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Cities
                 ,
                 might
                 by
                 an
                 easie
                 Computation
                 
                 in
                 that
                 time
                 heap
                 together
                 ;
                 especially
                 since
                 the
                 Citizens
                 made
                 it
                 their
                 business
                 to
                 be
                 stately
                 and
                 magnificent
                 in
                 a
                 wonderful
                 manner
                 in
                 every
                 thing
                 they
                 undertook
                 :
                 For
                 many
                 curious
                 Pictures
                 drawn
                 with
                 admirable
                 Art
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 infinite
                 
                 number
                 of
                 Statues
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 ,
                 cut
                 and
                 wrought
                 with
                 singular
                 ingenuity
                 ,
                 were
                 found
                 here
                 by
                 the
                 Conqueror
                 .
                 The
                 best
                 and
                 choicest
                 things
                 (
                 among
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 Phalarian
                 Bull
                 )
                 he
                 sent
                 to
                 Carthage
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Spoil
                 he
                 
                 caus'd
                 to
                 be
                 sold
                 under
                 the
                 Spear
                 .
                 Timeus
                 in
                 his
                 History
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 earnestness
                 denies
                 that
                 there
                 ever
                 was
                 any
                 such
                 Bull
                 ,
                 when
                 as
                 Fortune
                 since
                 has
                 disprov'd
                 him
                 ;
                 for
                 
                   Scipio
                   Africanus
                
                 Two
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Threescore
                 Years
                 after
                 this
                 destruction
                 when
                 Carthage
                 was
                 raz'd
                 ,
                 amongst
                 other
                 things
                 which
                 were
                 then
                 at
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 restor'd
                 that
                 famous
                 Bull
                 to
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 ,
                 which
                 remains
                 at
                 Agrigentum
                 now
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 writing
                 of
                 this
                 History
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 I
                 have
                 been
                 the
                 more
                 desirous
                 to
                 speak
                 ,
                 because
                 Timeus
                 with
                 much
                 bitterness
                 inveighs
                 against
                 the
                 Historians
                 that
                 were
                 before
                 him
                 as
                 altogether
                 unpardonable
                 ;
                 and
                 yet
                 he
                 himself
                 in
                 those
                 things
                 wherein
                 he
                 most
                 pretends
                 an
                 earnest
                 and
                 diligent
                 search
                 after
                 Truth
                 ,
                 does
                 nothing
                 but
                 meerly
                 trifle
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 my
                 Opinion
                 we
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 favourable
                 regard
                 and
                 respect
                 to
                 those
                 Authors
                 we
                 differ
                 from
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 but
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 things
                 that
                 are
                 long
                 before
                 
                 past
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 easie
                 to
                 be
                 discover'd
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 Hand
                 ,
                 those
                 Writers
                 that
                 are
                 careless
                 and
                 negligent
                 in
                 their
                 Inquiries
                 ,
                 are
                 justly
                 to
                 be
                 censur'd
                 ;
                 and
                 those
                 especially
                 may
                 be
                 well
                 judg'd
                 regardless
                 of
                 Truth
                 ,
                 who
                 make
                 it
                 their
                 Business
                 to
                 flatter
                 some
                 ,
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 Envy
                 to
                 cast
                 Dirt
                 upon
                 others
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XIII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Syracusian
                   Officers
                   accus'd
                   .
                   Dionysius
                   made
                   General
                   of
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   .
                   He
                   moves
                   to
                   have
                   the
                   Exiles
                   recall'd
                   .
                   He
                   's
                   invested
                   with
                   the
                   sole
                   Command
                   .
                   At
                   length
                   by
                   several
                   Artifices
                   gains
                   the
                   Sovereignty
                   .
                
              
               
                 IMilcar
                 having
                 gain'd
                 the
                 City
                 after
                 Eight
                 Months
                 Siege
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 the
                 Winter
                 Solstice
                 ,
                 did
                 not
                 presently
                 sack
                 it
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 might
                 quarter
                 there
                 all
                 the
                 Winter
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 ruin
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 was
                 nois'd
                 Abroad
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 was
                 struck
                 with
                 such
                 Terror
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Sicylians
                 fled
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 transported
                 themselves
                 ,
                 their
                 Wives
                 ,
                 Children
                 and
                 Moveables
                 into
                 Italy
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 that
                 had
                 escap'd
                 ,
                 came
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 they
                 accus'd
                 the
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 affirming
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 betrayed
                 their
                 Country
                 into
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Hand
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 cast
                 the
                 blame
                 upon
                 the
                 other
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 chose
                 such
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Officers
                 who
                 endanger'd
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 all
                 Sicily
                 by
                 their
                 Treachery
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 when
                 a
                 Senate
                 was
                 call'd
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 Consternation
                 as
                 none
                 durst
                 move
                 or
                 advise
                 any
                 thing
                 concerning
                 the
                 War.
                 And
                 being
                 all
                 thus
                 at
                 a
                 stand
                 Dionysius
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Hermocrates
                 renew'd
                 the
                 Accusation
                 against
                 the
                 Officers
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   they
                   had
                   Betrayed
                
                 Agrigentum
                 
                   to
                   the
                
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 stirred
                 up
                 the
                 People
                 forthwith
                 to
                 take
                 Revenge
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 wait
                 for
                 Formalities
                 of
                 Law
                 in
                 execution
                 of
                 Justice
                 .
                 But
                 Dionysius
                 being
                 Fin'd
                 according
                 
                 to
                 Law
                 by
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 as
                 a
                 disturber
                 of
                 the
                 publick
                 Peace
                 ,
                 Philistus
                 (
                 who
                 afterwards
                 writ
                 a
                 History
                 ,
                 a
                 very
                 rich
                 Man
                 )
                 paid
                 the
                 Fine
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 bid
                 him
                 speak
                 his
                 Mind
                 freely
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 him
                 to
                 pay
                 whatever
                 was
                 impos'd
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 fin'd
                 him
                 all
                 the
                 Day
                 long
                 .
              
               
                 Dionysius
                 being
                 thus
                 encouraged
                 ,
                 he
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 fill'd
                 the
                 Assembly
                 with
                 Tumult
                 by
                 his
                 Criminations
                 ,
                 charging
                 the
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 
                 Bribes
                 they
                 had
                 drawn
                 off
                 and
                 forsaken
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 .
                 He
                 accus'd
                 likewise
                 many
                 others
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 traducing
                 them
                 that
                 they
                 aim'd
                 to
                 introduce
                 an
                 Oligarchy
                 ;
                 and
                 told
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   Commanders
                   were
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   chosen
                   according
                   to
                   their
                   greatness
                   in
                   Power
                   ,
                   but
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Good
                   Will
                   and
                   Regard
                   they
                   bore
                   towards
                   the
                   People
                   :
                   For
                   the
                   Great
                   Ones
                   Lording
                   it
                   over
                   them
                   ,
                   had
                   them
                   in
                   Contempt
                   ,
                   and
                   inrich'd
                   themselves
                   by
                   the
                   Losses
                   of
                   their
                   Country
                   ;
                   but
                   Men
                   of
                   Low
                   Fortunes
                   never
                   attempt
                   any
                   thing
                   of
                   such
                   a
                   nature
                   ,
                   knowing
                   their
                   own
                   disability
                   .
                
              
               
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 spoken
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 design'd
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 agreeable
                 to
                 the
                 Humour
                 
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 he
                 set
                 all
                 the
                 Assembly
                 on
                 a
                 Flame
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 People
                 before
                 bore
                 a
                 secret
                 Hatred
                 to
                 the
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 suspected
                 to
                 have
                 dealt
                 falsly
                 in
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 being
                 the
                 more
                 exasperated
                 by
                 the
                 Speech
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 they
                 forthwith
                 depriv'd
                 them
                 of
                 their
                 Commands
                 ,
                 and
                 chose
                 others
                 in
                 their
                 room
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 was
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 a
                 
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 Esteem
                 and
                 Reputation
                 with
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 approved
                 Valour
                 in
                 several
                 Battles
                 against
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 gain'd
                 this
                 step
                 of
                 Preferment
                 ,
                 he
                 contriv'd
                 all
                 ways
                 imaginable
                 how
                 to
                 advance
                 to
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 over
                 his
                 Country
                 ;
                 for
                 after
                 he
                 was
                 invested
                 
                 with
                 the
                 Command
                 ,
                 he
                 never
                 associated
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 nor
                 join'd
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 any
                 Council
                 of
                 War.
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 he
                 caus'd
                 Rumours
                 to
                 be
                 spread
                 Abroad
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 kept
                 secret
                 Correspondence
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 hoping
                 thereby
                 to
                 get
                 them
                 laid
                 aside
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 sole
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 lodg'd
                 in
                 himself
                 .
                 While
                 he
                 was
                 executing
                 these
                 Projects
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 prudent
                 Citizens
                 suspected
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 Assembly
                 gave
                 very
                 hard
                 and
                 ill
                 Words
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 the
                 common
                 People
                 ignorant
                 of
                 his
                 Deceit
                 and
                 Fraud
                 ,
                 prais'd
                 every
                 thing
                 he
                 did
                 ,
                 and
                 published
                 every
                 where
                 ,
                 that
                 now
                 at
                 length
                 they
                 had
                 got
                 a
                 faithful
                 and
                 constant
                 Guardian
                 and
                 Defender
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Consults
                 concerning
                 Preparations
                 for
                 War
                 being
                 very
                 frequent
                 ,
                 and
                 Dionysius
                 discerning
                 that
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Fright
                 ,
                 he
                 advised
                 to
                 recall
                 the
                 Exiles
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 said
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 absurd
                 thing
                 to
                 receive
                 Aids
                 of
                 Strangers
                 from
                 Italy
                 and
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 to
                 be
                 backward
                 in
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Countrymen
                 to
                 withstand
                 the
                 common
                 Danger
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 solicited
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 with
                 great
                 Promises
                 of
                 Reward
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 are
                 content
                 to
                 wander
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 amongst
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 and
                 dye
                 rather
                 than
                 do
                 any
                 thing
                 prejudical
                 to
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 Banish'd
                 for
                 stirring
                 
                 up
                 Sedition
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 yet
                 such
                 kindness
                 shew'd
                 'em
                 ,
                 would
                 in
                 gratitude
                 oblige
                 them
                 to
                 fight
                 chearfully
                 for
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 spoken
                 many
                 things
                 to
                 this
                 purpose
                 ,
                 he
                 at
                 length
                 procur'd
                 the
                 Suffrages
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ;
                 for
                 none
                 of
                 his
                 Collegues
                 durst
                 contradict
                 him
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 both
                 fear'd
                 the
                 Rage
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 plainly
                 saw
                 ,
                 that
                 nothing
                 would
                 redound
                 thence
                 ,
                 but
                 hatred
                 to
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 love
                 and
                 favour
                 to
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 Dionysius
                 did
                 this
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 look'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Exiles
                 to
                 be
                 Men
                 fit
                 for
                 his
                 purpose
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 given
                 to
                 change
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 ready
                 Tools
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 to
                 serve
                 his
                 Ambition
                 ;
                 who
                 would
                 delight
                 to
                 see
                 their
                 Enemies
                 Throats
                 cut
                 ,
                 their
                 Goods
                 and
                 Estates
                 confiscate
                 ,
                 and
                 themselves
                 restor'd
                 .
                 The
                 Decree
                 therefore
                 for
                 the
                 recalling
                 the
                 Banish'd
                 being
                 publish'd
                 ,
                 they
                 presently
                 return'd
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 Letters
                 coming
                 from
                 Gela
                 ,
                 to
                 desire
                 Assistance
                 to
                 be
                 speedily
                 sent
                 them
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 this
                 fair
                 opportunity
                 for
                 the
                 carrying
                 on
                 his
                 Design
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 forthwith
                 marched
                 to
                 Gela
                 with
                 Two
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 
                 Hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 where
                 Dexippus
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 was
                 Governor
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Garrison
                 :
                 When
                 he
                 found
                 the
                 City
                 in
                 a
                 Seditious
                 Uproar
                 rais'd
                 by
                 some
                 against
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 he
                 condemns
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 accus'd
                 in
                 a
                 Publick
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 puts
                 them
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 confiscates
                 their
                 Estates
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Mony
                 paid
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 Garrison
                 under
                 Dexippus
                 ,
                 all
                 their
                 old
                 Arrears
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 he
                 distributed
                 amongst
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 that
                 came
                 with
                 him
                 from
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 declaring
                 their
                 Pay
                 order'd
                 by
                 the
                 City
                 should
                 be
                 double
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 
                 means
                 he
                 wan
                 both
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 at
                 Gela
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 went
                 with
                 him
                 thither
                 .
                 The
                 Geleans
                 likewise
                 cry'd
                 him
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Skies
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 that
                 had
                 freed
                 them
                 from
                 Slavery
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 out
                 of
                 Envy
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 they
                 decreed
                 the
                 Supream
                 Power
                 to
                 Dionysius
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 to
                 publish
                 there
                 his
                 Praises
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 to
                 shew
                 the
                 Decrees
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 honour'd
                 him
                 with
                 many
                 marks
                 of
                 respect
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Dionysius
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 bring
                 over
                 Dexippus
                 into
                 his
                 Councils
                 ,
                 
                 but
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 prevail
                 ,
                 he
                 determin'd
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Geleans
                 hearing
                 that
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 had
                 determin'd
                 to
                 set
                 upon
                 their
                 City
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Power
                 before
                 any
                 other
                 ,
                 earnestly
                 intreated
                 Dionysius
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 leave
                 them
                 ,
                 nor
                 suffer
                 their
                 City
                 to
                 undergo
                 the
                 same
                 Calamity
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 .
                 To
                 whom
                 he
                 promis'd
                 to
                 return
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 with
                 greater
                 Forces
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 left
                 Gela.
                 
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 when
                 the
                 People
                 came
                 from
                 the
                 Theater
                 from
                 the
                 Plays
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 at
                 that
                 very
                 Hour
                 return'd
                 into
                 Syracuse
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 the
                 Citizens
                 came
                 thronging
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 inquir'd
                 what
                 News
                 he
                 brought
                 concerning
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 :
                 To
                 whom
                 he
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   had
                   nothing
                   to
                   say
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   in
                   regard
                   their
                   own
                   Officers
                   and
                   Governors
                   were
                   more
                   mischievous
                   to
                   the
                   Commonwealth
                   than
                   the
                   Enemies
                   themselves
                   ;
                   for
                   whilst
                   the
                   Citizens
                   led
                   away
                   
                   by
                   their
                   Flatteries
                   ,
                   were
                   diverted
                   with
                   Sports
                   and
                   Plays
                   ,
                   they
                   themselves
                   impoverished
                   the
                   Commonwealth
                   ,
                   and
                   defrauded
                   the
                   Souldiers
                   of
                   their
                   Pay.
                   And
                   now
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Enemy
                   at
                   this
                   very
                   time
                   ,
                   is
                   making
                   incredible
                   Preparation
                   for
                   War
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   even
                   upon
                   the
                   Borders
                   of
                   Syracuse
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   mighty
                   Army
                   ,
                   yet
                   it
                   is
                   not
                   at
                   all
                   by
                   them
                   regarded
                   .
                   To
                   what
                   end
                   they
                   acted
                   thus
                   ,
                   he
                   suspected
                   long
                   since
                   ,
                   but
                   now
                   he
                   saw
                   clearly
                   their
                   Drift
                   .
                   For
                   Imilcar
                   (
                   he
                   said
                   )
                   had
                   sent
                   by
                   an
                   Herald
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   pretending
                   to
                   redeem
                   some
                   Captives
                   ,
                   but
                   in
                   truth
                   secretly
                   to
                   persuade
                   him
                   not
                   to
                   use
                   that
                   Authority
                   he
                   had
                   ,
                   to
                   pry
                   too
                   narrowly
                   into
                   things
                   that
                   were
                   in
                   doing
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   not
                   to
                   obstruct
                   them
                   ,
                   if
                   he
                   was
                   not
                   willing
                   to
                   join
                   in
                   the
                   Execution
                   .
                   Therefore
                   he
                   declar'd
                   he
                   was
                   not
                   willing
                   any
                   longer
                   to
                   be
                   General
                   ,
                   but
                   
                   was
                   ready
                   to
                   lay
                   down
                   his
                   Commission
                   .
                   For
                   it
                   was
                   altogether
                   intollerable
                   that
                   he
                   only
                   should
                   hazard
                   the
                   loss
                   of
                   all
                   he
                   had
                   with
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Citizens
                   ,
                   whilst
                   others
                   made
                   Merchandize
                   of
                   their
                   Country
                   :
                   Yea
                   ,
                   by
                   this
                   means
                   ,
                   he
                   should
                   become
                   Partaker
                   with
                   them
                   in
                   their
                   Treachery
                   .
                
                 The
                 People
                 being
                 inrag'd
                 by
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 said
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Words
                 divulg'd
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 went
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 House
                 ,
                 in
                 great
                 fear
                 and
                 perplexity
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 next
                 Day
                 an
                 Assembly
                 was
                 called
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 loaded
                 his
                 Fellow
                 Commanders
                 with
                 many
                 Accusations
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 stirring
                 up
                 the
                 People
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 greatly
                 advanced
                 his
                 own
                 Reputation
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 some
                 in
                 the
                 Assembly
                 cry'd
                 out
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 him
                 Generalissimo
                 ;
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 thing
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 when
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 even
                 Battering
                 the
                 Walls
                 ;
                 alledging
                 that
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 requir'd
                 a
                 General
                 that
                 was
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 eminent
                 Service
                 for
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 the
                 Traitors
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 better
                 to
                 inquire
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 another
                 
                 Assembly
                 hereafter
                 ;
                 being
                 now
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 so
                 agreeable
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 posture
                 of
                 Affairs
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 also
                 remembred
                 ,
                 that
                 heretofore
                 ,
                 when
                 Gelon
                 had
                 sole
                 the
                 Command
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 overcome
                 *
                 Three
                 Hundred
                 Thousand
                 Carthaginians
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 (
                 who
                 are
                 always
                 apt
                 to
                 close
                 with
                 the
                 worst
                 Advice
                 )
                 suddenly
                 made
                 Dionysius
                 General
                 with
                 sole
                 and
                 absolute
                 Power
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 things
                 thus
                 succeeded
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Hearts
                 Desire
                 ,
                 he
                 sign'd
                 an
                 Order
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 should
                 receive
                 double
                 Pay
                 ;
                 alledging
                 ,
                 that
                 hereby
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 encouraged
                 to
                 fight
                 more
                 readily
                 and
                 chearfully
                 ;
                 and
                 bid
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 not
                 trouble
                 or
                 disturb
                 themselves
                 about
                 Money
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 ways
                 readily
                 found
                 out
                 to
                 bring
                 in
                 sufficient
                 Supplies
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 Assembly
                 was
                 broken
                 up
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 that
                 condemn'd
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 had
                 no
                 hand
                 in
                 confirming
                 it
                 :
                 For
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 more
                 seriously
                 considered
                 the
                 thing
                 ,
                 they
                 foresaw
                 Tyranny
                 would
                 follow
                 .
                 Thus
                 while
                 they
                 sought
                 after
                 Freedom
                 ,
                 they
                 most
                 imprudently
                 plac'd
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 over
                 their
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 Dionysius
                 therefore
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 change
                 of
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Minds
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 contrive
                 how
                 he
                 might
                 procure
                 a
                 Guard
                 for
                 his
                 Person
                 :
                 If
                 he
                 could
                 gain
                 this
                 point
                 ,
                 he
                 concluded
                 he
                 could
                 easily
                 fix
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 he
                 commanded
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 Arms
                 ,
                 not
                 above
                 Forty
                 Years
                 of
                 Age
                 ,
                 with
                 Thirty
                 Days
                 Provision
                 and
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 to
                 march
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 Leontium
                 :
                 For
                 this
                 City
                 was
                 a
                 Garrison
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 
                 Strangers
                 and
                 Exiles
                 ;
                 whom
                 he
                 hop'd
                 would
                 be
                 assistant
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 being
                 Men
                 given
                 to
                 Innovations
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 this
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 more
                 encouraged
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 
                 knew
                 but
                 few
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 would
                 be
                 there
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 better
                 effecting
                 of
                 this
                 Design
                 ,
                 he
                 encamp'd
                 all
                 Night
                 in
                 the
                 Field
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 he
                 lay
                 there
                 ,
                 he
                 
                 feign'd
                 a
                 Plot
                 against
                 his
                 own
                 Person
                 ,
                 and
                 caus'd
                 a
                 great
                 Noise
                 and
                 Clamour
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 by
                 his
                 Servants
                 and
                 Attendants
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Castle
                 :
                 Where
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 kindled
                 several
                 Fires
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 for
                 a
                 strong
                 Guard
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 pass'd
                 that
                 Night
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 Day
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Multitude
                 were
                 got
                 together
                 into
                 the
                 †
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 used
                 many
                 probable
                 Arguments
                 suted
                 to
                 the
                 matter
                 in
                 Hand
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 over
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 give
                 him
                 liberty
                 to
                 chuse
                 Six
                 Hundred
                 Men
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 best
                 for
                 his
                 Guard.
                 And
                 herein
                 Dionysius
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 imitate
                 Pisistratus
                 the
                 Athenian
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 wilfully
                 wounding
                 himself
                 (
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 assaulted
                 by
                 Treachery
                 )
                 came
                 forthwith
                 into
                 the
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 's
                 reported
                 )
                 got
                 a
                 Guard
                 from
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 by
                 whose
                 help
                 he
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Supream
                 Authority
                 .
              
               
                 By
                 the
                 same
                 Fraud
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 cheating
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 became
                 absolute
                 Lord
                 and
                 Master
                 over
                 his
                 Country
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 presently
                 chose
                 above
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 strong
                 in
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 low
                 in
                 Purse
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 them
                 in
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 encouraged
                 them
                 with
                 many
                 large
                 and
                 glorious
                 Promises
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 brought
                 all
                 the
                 Mercenary
                 Souldiers
                 to
                 an
                 intire
                 Observance
                 ,
                 and
                 Obedience
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 winning
                 and
                 courteous
                 Speeches
                 .
                 He
                 made
                 an
                 alteration
                 likewise
                 in
                 the
                 
                 Regiments
                 ,
                 giving
                 Commissions
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 most
                 trust
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 sent
                 away
                 Dexippus
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 into
                 Greece
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 suspected
                 him
                 ,
                 lest
                 he
                 should
                 become
                 an
                 Head
                 to
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 in
                 case
                 they
                 should
                 take
                 an
                 occasion
                 
                 to
                 seek
                 to
                 recover
                 their
                 Liberty
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 he
                 sends
                 for
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 from
                 Gela
                 ,
                 and
                 gets
                 together
                 from
                 every
                 Place
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Exiles
                 and
                 Lewd
                 Fellows
                 ,
                 not
                 doubting
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 these
                 to
                 establish
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 his
                 Return
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 lodg'd
                 his
                 Forces
                 in
                 the
                 *
                 Arsenal
                 ,
                 he
                 openly
                 declar'd
                 himself
                 King
                 :
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 took
                 this
                 grievously
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 necessitated
                 to
                 be
                 silent
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 in
                 their
                 power
                 to
                 do
                 any
                 thing
                 else
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 Strangers
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 were
                 in
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 a
                 vast
                 Army
                 near
                 at
                 Hand
                 .
              
               
                 Dionysius
                 now
                 presently
                 marries
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Hermocrates
                 (
                 he
                 who
                 had
                 routed
                 the
                 Athenians
                 in
                 Sicily
                 )
                 and
                 gave
                 his
                 own
                 Sister
                 in
                 Marriage
                 to
                 
                   Polyxenus
                   ,
                   Hermocrates
                
                 his
                 Brother
                 in
                 Law.
                 This
                 he
                 did
                 to
                 strengthen
                 himself
                 ,
                 by
                 matching
                 into
                 an
                 Honourable
                 Family
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 he
                 summon'd
                 a
                 General
                 Council
                 ,
                 and
                 contrived
                 all
                 ways
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 how
                 to
                 be
                 rid
                 of
                 Daphneus
                 and
                 Demarchus
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 powerful
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Adversaries
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 Dionysius
                 from
                 a
                 Scrivener
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 poor
                 and
                 mean
                 Abstract
                 ,
                 got
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 City
                 among
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 maintain'd
                 
                 his
                 Dominion
                 all
                 the
                 Days
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Thirty
                 Eight
                 Years
                 .
                 What
                 things
                 he
                 afterwards
                 did
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 he
                 inlarged
                 his
                 Dominion
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 relate
                 in
                 its
                 proper
                 Place
                 :
                 For
                 very
                 probably
                 he
                 gain'd
                 the
                 largest
                 Dominion
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 longest
                 continuance
                 of
                 any
                 that
                 ever
                 hath
                 been
                 compass'd
                 by
                 Usurpation
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Taking
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 Agrigentum
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 transported
                 to
                 Carthage
                 all
                 the
                 dedicated
                 things
                 laid
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Temples
                 ,
                 the
                 Statues
                 and
                 Things
                 of
                 greatest
                 value
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 burnt
                 all
                 the
                 Temples
                 to
                 Ashes
                 ,
                 and
                 plunder'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 they
                 quarter'd
                 there
                 all
                 Winter
                 :
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 furnish'd
                 themselves
                 with
                 Engines
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Design
                 to
                 Besiege
                 Gela
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 thing
                 they
                 did
                 the
                 next
                 Spring
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XIV
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Famous
                   Battle
                   of
                   Arginuse
                   at
                   Sea
                   ,
                   wherein
                   the
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   were
                   Victors
                   .
                   The
                   Officers
                   accus'd
                   for
                   not
                   Burying
                   the
                   Dead
                   .
                   The
                   Speech
                   of
                   Diomedon
                   .
                   The
                   Death
                   of
                   Sophocles
                   .
                
              
               
                 THE
                 Athenians
                 weaken'd
                 with
                 continual
                 Losses
                 ,
                 made
                 all
                 Strangers
                 and
                 Foreigners
                 Free
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 that
                 would
                 engage
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 War.
                 When
                 a
                 great
                 multitude
                 were
                 Incorporated
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 the
                 Commanders
                 Listed
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 fit
                 for
                 War
                 ,
                 Equip'd
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Sixty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 (
                 every
                 way
                 well
                 provided
                 )
                 they
                 sail'd
                 to
                 Samos
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 found
                 other
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 brought
                 together
                 Fourscore
                 more
                 Gallies
                 from
                 other
                 Islands
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 procured
                 
                 ten
                 more
                 from
                 the
                 Samians
                 ,
                 they
                 weighed
                 Anchor
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 (
                 consisting
                 of
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Sail
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 Islands
                 *
                 Arginuse
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Design
                 to
                 raise
                 the
                 Siege
                 at
                 Mitylene
                 .
                 But
                 Callicratides
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 General
                 ,
                 having
                 Intelligence
                 of
                 the
                 Approach
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 left
                 Etonicus
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Force
                 ,
                 to
                 maintain
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 sail'd
                 himself
                 with
                 all
                 Speed
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 one
                 Hundred
                 and
                 forty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 well
                 Man'd
                 ,
                 to
                 Arginuse
                 .
                 These
                 Islands
                 were
                 then
                 inhabited
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 a
                 little
                 Town
                 in
                 them
                 Peopl'd
                 by
                 the
                 Eolians
                 .
                 They
                 lye
                 between
                 Mitylene
                 and
                 Cuma
                 ,
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Continent
                 and
                 the
                 Promontory
                 †
                 Catanides
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 their
                 Navy
                 ,
                 
                 lay
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 heard
                 time
                 enough
                 of
                 the
                 Advance
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Fleet
                 :
                 yet
                 because
                 the
                 Wind
                 was
                 very
                 high
                 ,
                 they
                 wav'd
                 fighting
                 that
                 day
                 ,
                 and
                 prepar'd
                 to
                 engage
                 the
                 next
                 .
                 The
                 like
                 did
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Augures
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 disswaded
                 each
                 from
                 fighting
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 Sacrifice
                 ,
                 being
                 laid
                 upon
                 the
                 Shore
                 ,
                 was
                 suddainly
                 wash'd
                 away
                 by
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 the
                 Waves
                 .
                 Upon
                 
                 which
                 the
                 Priest
                 foretold
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 the
                 Admiral
                 :
                 To
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 reported
                 Callicratides
                 made
                 Answer
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 Sparta
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 obscur'd
                 by
                 his
                 Death
                 .
                 Thrasybulus
                 likewise
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 the
                 Chief
                 Command
                 that
                 Day
                 ,
                 had
                 this
                 Dream
                 ;
                 the
                 Night
                 before
                 ,
                 he
                 dreamt
                 that
                 he
                 ,
                 and
                 six
                 other
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 full
                 Theater
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 acted
                 the
                 Tragedy
                 of
                 Euripides
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Phenissa
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Enemies
                 acted
                 that
                 call'd
                 
                   The
                   Suppliants
                
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 at
                 length
                 he
                 obtain'd
                 a
                 ‖
                 Cadmean
                 Victory
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 like
                 those
                 at
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Thebes
                 :
                 which
                 when
                 the
                 Sooth-sayer
                 heard
                 ,
                 he
                 interpreted
                 it
                 ,
                 That
                 seven
                 of
                 the
                 Chief
                 Commanders
                 should
                 fall
                 in
                 the
                 Fight
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 regard
                 that
                 the
                 Intrails
                 portended
                 Victory
                 ,
                 they
                 commanded
                 nothing
                 should
                 be
                 said
                 of
                 their
                 Deaths
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 to
                 their
                 Friends
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 publish
                 abroad
                 to
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 that
                 Victory
                 was
                 certainly
                 promis'd
                 by
                 the
                 View
                 of
                 the
                 Sacrifices
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 Callicratides
                 calling
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 together
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 Speech
                 to
                 them
                 suited
                 to
                 the
                 Occasion
                 ;
                 and
                 further
                 added
                 ,
                 
                   I
                   am
                   so
                   chearful
                   and
                   ready
                   to
                   undergo
                   all
                   hazards
                   for
                   
                   the
                   sake
                   of
                   my
                   Country
                   ,
                   that
                   altho'
                   the
                   Augur
                   has
                   foretold
                   my
                   Death
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Portents
                   of
                   the
                   Sacrifice
                   ;
                   yet
                   inasmuch
                   as
                   he
                   has
                   also
                   pronounc'd
                   assured
                   Victory
                   to
                   You
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   impatient
                   of
                   delay
                   ,
                   and
                   ready
                   and
                   willing
                   presently
                   to
                   die
                   .
                   And
                   that
                   the
                   Army
                   may
                   not
                   
                   be
                   disturb'd
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   confusion
                   by
                   the
                   Death
                   of
                   their
                   Admiral
                   ,
                   I
                   now
                   appoint
                   another
                   ,
                   who
                   may
                   succeed
                   me
                   ,
                   in
                   case
                   I
                   fall
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   Clearchus
                   ,
                   a
                   Man
                   known
                   to
                   be
                   an
                   experienc'd
                   good
                   Souldier
                   .
                
                 Callicratides
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 many
                 with
                 these
                 words
                 ,
                 to
                 imitate
                 his
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 hasten
                 the
                 Battle
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 now
                 encouraging
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 imbarqu'd
                 ;
                 so
                 likewise
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 hearten'd
                 by
                 their
                 Officers
                 )
                 went
                 aboard
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 plac'd
                 themselves
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Squadrons
                 .
                 Thrasybulus
                 and
                 Pericles
                 commanded
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 ,
                 (
                 this
                 was
                 Pericles
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 that
                 Pericles
                 ,
                 the
                 Famous
                 Orator
                 ,
                 whose
                 Surname
                 was
                 
                   Olympus
                   .
                
                 )
                 But
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 part
                 of
                 this
                 Wing
                 he
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 Theramenes
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 at
                 first
                 but
                 a
                 Common
                 Souldier
                 ,
                 but
                 afterwards
                 at
                 several
                 times
                 ,
                 commanded
                 considerable
                 Forces
                 :
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Officers
                 he
                 plac'd
                 in
                 their
                 Order
                 throughout
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ;
                 and
                 compassing
                 the
                 Islands
                 call'd
                 Arginuse
                 ,
                 he
                 drew
                 out
                 his
                 Fleet
                 in
                 a
                 Line
                 ,
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 possibly
                 he
                 could
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 Callicratides
                 advancing
                 into
                 the
                 open
                 Sea
                 ,
                 commanded
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 :
                 The
                 Beotians
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Left
                 ,
                 commanded
                 by
                 Thrasonidas
                 the
                 Theban
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 that
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 reach
                 to
                 equal
                 the
                 Line
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Islands
                 stretcht
                 out
                 so
                 far
                 ,
                 he
                 divided
                 his
                 Navy
                 into
                 two
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 in
                 two
                 places
                 .
                 This
                 amaz'd
                 the
                 Beholders
                 from
                 all
                 
                 parts
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 four
                 Fleets
                 ,
                 with
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 three
                 hundred
                 Sail
                 ,
                 close
                 together
                 ,
                 were
                 hotly
                 engag'd
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 greatest
                 Sea-Fight
                 that
                 ever
                 was
                 fought
                 ,
                 by
                 Grecians
                 against
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 that
                 any
                 History
                 commemorates
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 at
                 one
                 instant
                 all
                 the
                 Trumpets
                 were
                 commanded
                 by
                 the
                 Admirals
                 to
                 sound
                 a
                 Charge
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Armies
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 set
                 up
                 great
                 Shouts
                 in
                 their
                 turns
                 ,
                 one
                 against
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 plying
                 their
                 Oars
                 with
                 great
                 heat
                 and
                 earnestness
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 strove
                 who
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 first
                 in
                 making
                 the
                 Onset
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 long
                 continuance
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 were
                 well
                 instructed
                 for
                 Fights
                 at
                 Sea
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Battle
                 was
                 very
                 hot
                 and
                 obstinate
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Best
                 and
                 Stoutest
                 Men
                 were
                 got
                 together
                 to
                 fight
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 get
                 or
                 lose
                 all
                 at
                 once
                 :
                 For
                 none
                 doubted
                 but
                 this
                 Battle
                 would
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 which
                 side
                 soever
                 got
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
                 But
                 Callicratides
                 ,
                 knowing
                 by
                 the
                 Predictions
                 of
                 the
                 Augurs
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 die
                 ,
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 make
                 his
                 Death
                 Honourable
                 and
                 Glorious
                 .
                 Therefore
                 he
                 made
                 up
                 fiercely
                 upon
                 the
                 Gallies
                 of
                 Nausias
                 ,
                 the
                 Vice-Admiral
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 sunk
                 ,
                 with
                 those
                 next
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 Charge
                 ;
                 others
                 he
                 disabled
                 ,
                 striking
                 them
                 through
                 with
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 he
                 made
                 useless
                 for
                 Fight
                 ,
                 by
                 brushing
                 off
                 their
                 Oars
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 he
                 struck
                 the
                 Ship
                 of
                 Pericles
                 with
                 such
                 violence
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 tore
                 off
                 one
                 great
                 part
                 from
                 another
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Fore-part
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Ship
                 was
                 so
                 fix'd
                 by
                 the
                 Fierceness
                 of
                 the
                 Stroak
                 in
                 the
                 Prow
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 Ship
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 clear
                 himself
                 off
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 Pericles
                 cast
                 Grappling-Irons
                 into
                 
                 Callicratides
                 his
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 forc'd
                 him
                 up
                 close
                 side
                 to
                 side
                 ;
                 and
                 thereupon
                 the
                 Athenians
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Body
                 ,
                 boarded
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 all
                 in
                 the
                 Ship
                 to
                 the
                 Sword.
                 Here
                 it
                 is
                 reported
                 ,
                 that
                 Callicratides
                 (
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 behav'd
                 himself
                 with
                 great
                 Gallantry
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 many
                 Wounds
                 in
                 all
                 parts
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 )
                 at
                 length
                 weary'd
                 out
                 ,
                 fell
                 
                 down
                 dead
                 :
                 The
                 Report
                 of
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 running
                 through
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 struck
                 with
                 a
                 Pannick
                 Fear
                 ,
                 began
                 presently
                 to
                 fly
                 :
                 But
                 tho'
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 fled
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Beotians
                 in
                 the
                 Left
                 ,
                 stuck
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 stoutly
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 of
                 Eubea
                 (
                 being
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 common
                 Danger
                 )
                 were
                 very
                 Faithful
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 those
                 
                 that
                 had
                 revolted
                 from
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 were
                 afraid
                 lest
                 they
                 (
                 if
                 they
                 recover'd
                 their
                 former
                 Power
                 )
                 would
                 revenge
                 themselves
                 upon
                 them
                 that
                 had
                 deserted
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 Beotians
                 saw
                 that
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 was
                 routed
                 and
                 broken
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 press'd
                 upon
                 by
                 multitudes
                 that
                 made
                 up
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 fled
                 outright
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 fled
                 to
                 Chius
                 ,
                 others
                 to
                 Cumea
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 pursu'd
                 'em
                 very
                 far
                 ,
                 and
                 fill'd
                 all
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 with
                 Carcasses
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 ,
                 and
                 Wrecks
                 of
                 Ships
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Commanders
                 advis'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 slain
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 up
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Athenians
                 us'd
                 severely
                 to
                 punish
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 neglected
                 that
                 last
                 Office.
                 Others
                 were
                 rather
                 for
                 sailing
                 back
                 forthwith
                 to
                 Mitylene
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 to
                 raise
                 the
                 Siege
                 :
                 But
                 presently
                 arose
                 a
                 most
                 violent
                 Tempest
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 Ships
                 were
                 greatly
                 shatter'd
                 and
                 broken
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 by
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 toil
                 of
                 the
                 late
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 were
                 very
                 low
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 taking
                 up
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 was
                 defer'd
                 .
                 Atlength
                 ,
                 the
                 Storm
                 rag'd
                 and
                 increas'd
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 could
                 neither
                 gain
                 Mitylene
                 ,
                 nor
                 
                 perform
                 what
                 they
                 ought
                 for
                 the
                 Dead
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 being
                 driven
                 back
                 by
                 the
                 Storm
                 ,
                 they
                 arriv'd
                 with
                 the
                 Fleet
                 at
                 Arginuse
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Fight
                 the
                 Athenians
                 lost
                 five
                 and
                 twenty
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 of
                 their
                 Men
                 in
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 seventy
                 seven
                 .
                 There
                 
                 were
                 so
                 many
                 Ships
                 and
                 Men
                 destroy'd
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 of
                 Cumea
                 and
                 Phocea
                 ,
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Carcasses
                 and
                 Wrecks
                 .
              
               
                 Eleonicus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 besieging
                 Mitylene
                 ,
                 having
                 certain
                 Intelligence
                 of
                 the
                 Defeat
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 ,
                 sent
                 away
                 all
                 the
                 Shipping
                 to
                 Chios
                 ;
                 he
                 himself
                 march'd
                 away
                 with
                 the
                 Land-Army
                 ,
                 to
                 a
                 Confederate
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrrenians
                 ,
                 being
                 afraid
                 ,
                 lest
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 Sally
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Fleet
                 came
                 up
                 ,
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 should
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Athenians
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Mitylene
                 ,
                 they
                 took
                 thence
                 Conon
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 with
                 forty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 pass'd
                 over
                 to
                 Samos
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 all
                 their
                 Enemy's
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 these
                 thing
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 in
                 Eolis
                 and
                 Ionia
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 dispers'd
                 Islands
                 ,
                 met
                 in
                 a
                 Common
                 Council
                 at
                 Ephesus
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 many
                 Bandings
                 and
                 Discourses
                 ,
                 pro
                 and
                 con
                 ,
                 they
                 at
                 length
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 send
                 an
                 Ambassador
                 to
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 to
                 desire
                 that
                 Lysander
                 might
                 be
                 constituted
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 :
                 For
                 that
                 he
                 approv'd
                 himself
                 with
                 great
                 Commendation
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 Command
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 judg'd
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 most
                 
                 Shilful
                 General
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 because
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 would
                 not
                 alter
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Custom
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 Aratus
                 Admiral
                 ;
                 and
                 sent
                 Lysander
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Private
                 Man
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Assistant
                 ;
                 with
                 this
                 strict
                 Command
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 General
                 should
                 always
                 follow
                 his
                 Advice
                 and
                 Councel
                 .
                 Thus
                 being
                 sent
                 forth
                 to
                 manage
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 they
                 got
                 togetherfrom
                 Peloponesus
                 and
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 as
                 many
                 Gallies
                 as
                 possibly
                 they
                 could
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Athenians
                 when
                 they
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 happy
                 Tydings
                 of
                 their
                 Success
                 at
                 Arginuse
                 ,
                 highly
                 applauded
                 the
                 Commanders
                 for
                 the
                 Victory
                 ;
                 but
                 were
                 very
                 angry
                 that
                 they
                 neglected
                 to
                 bury
                 those
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 lost
                 their
                 Lives
                 in
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 .
              
               
                 Theramenes
                 and
                 Thrasybulus
                 ,
                 coming
                 before
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 Officers
                 
                 suspecting
                 they
                 would
                 accuse
                 'em
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 for
                 their
                 Neglect
                 ,
                 in
                 not
                 Burying
                 the
                 Dead
                 ,
                 sent
                 Letters
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 signify'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Care
                 of
                 Interring
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 slain
                 ,
                 was
                 committed
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 Chief
                 Cause
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Mischief
                 that
                 afterwards
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 other
                 Officers
                 .
                 For
                 whereas
                 they
                 might
                 before
                 have
                 easily
                 made
                 Theramenes
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Party
                 ,
                 their
                 Patrons
                 and
                 Advocats
                 in
                 the
                 Accusations
                 laid
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 being
                 Men
                 that
                 were
                 excellent
                 Speakers
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 great
                 Interest
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 most
                 considerable
                 ,
                 were
                 best
                 acquainted
                 with
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 was
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 Battle
                 ;
                 Now
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 so
                 
                 far
                 disoblig'd
                 'em
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 became
                 their
                 most
                 bitter
                 Enemies
                 and
                 Prosecutors
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 Letters
                 were
                 read
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 presently
                 all
                 on
                 fire
                 against
                 Theramenes
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 having
                 clear'd
                 himself
                 ,
                 their
                 Rage
                 was
                 all
                 turn'd
                 again
                 upon
                 the
                 other
                 Officers
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 therefore
                 assign'd
                 'em
                 a
                 Day
                 to
                 be
                 heard
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 the
                 Forces
                 to
                 be
                 deliver'd
                 over
                 to
                 Conon
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 exempted
                 from
                 this
                 Bill
                 ;
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 they
                 commanded
                 by
                 an
                 Absolute
                 Decree
                 forthwith
                 to
                 return
                 :
                 Among
                 whom
                 Aristogenes
                 and
                 Protomachus
                 ,
                 fearing
                 the
                 Rage
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 fled
                 :
                 But
                 
                   Thrasyllus
                   ,
                   Calliades
                   ,
                   Lysias
                   ,
                   Pericles
                   ,
                
                 and
                 Aristocrates
                 ,
                 return'd
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 with
                 agreat
                 number
                 of
                 Ships
                 ,
                 upon
                 this
                 Confidence
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 Mediation
                 of
                 those
                 they
                 had
                 brought
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 very
                 many
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 acquit
                 .
                 But
                 after
                 the
                 Assembly
                 came
                 together
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 yielded
                 a
                 quick
                 Ear
                 to
                 the
                 Accusations
                 ,
                 and
                 whatever
                 the
                 *
                 Demagogues
                 said
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 well
                 taken
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 the
                 Accus'd
                 began
                 to
                 speak
                 ,
                 a
                 Tumult
                 arose
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 heard
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Defence
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 the
                 Relations
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 did
                 no
                 little
                 further
                 their
                 Ruin
                 ;
                 who
                 came
                 weeping
                 and
                 wailing
                 into
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 earnestly
                 desiring
                 that
                 the
                 Commanders
                 might
                 suffer
                 for
                 their
                 Neglect
                 ,
                 
                 in
                 not
                 Burying
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 valiantly
                 lost
                 their
                 Lives
                 for
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 the
                 Friends
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 prosecuted
                 with
                 Theramenes
                 (
                 of
                 whom
                 many
                 were
                 then
                 present
                 )
                 prevail'd
                 .
                 And
                 thereupon
                 the
                 Commanders
                 were
                 condemn'd
                 to
                 die
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Estates
                 to
                 be
                 conficate
                 .
                 Sentence
                 being
                 thus
                 given
                 ,
                 just
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 leading
                 to
                 Execution
                 by
                 the
                 ‖
                 
                   Lictors
                   ,
                   Diomedon
                
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 an
                 Excellent
                 Souldier
                 ,
                 and
                 reputed
                 a
                 Just
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 Eminent
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 Virtuous
                 Qualifications
                 ,
                 stood
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 Silence
                 being
                 made
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 thus
                 began
                 :
                 —
                 
                   Ye
                   Men
                   
                   of
                   Athens
                   ,
                   we
                   heartily
                   wish
                   that
                   the
                   Sentence
                   now
                   pronounc'd
                   against
                   us
                   ,
                   may
                   issue
                   in
                   the
                   Prosperity
                   and
                   Happiness
                   of
                   this
                   City
                   :
                   But
                   since
                   Fortune
                   has
                   prevented
                   us
                   
                   from
                   paying
                   our
                   Vows
                   ,
                   and
                   giving
                   Thanks
                   to
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   Victory
                   ,
                   't
                   is
                   most
                   just
                   and
                   fit
                   You
                   should
                   perform
                   it
                   :
                   See
                   therefore
                   that
                   Ye
                   do
                   it
                   to
                   Jove
                   ,
                   to
                   Apollo
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   the
                   Glorious
                   Goddesses
                   ;
                   for
                   by
                   Prayers
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   we
                   have
                   overcome
                   the
                   Enemy
                   .
                
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 said
                 this
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 hurry'd
                 away
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 Execution
                 ;
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Best
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 bemoaning
                 his
                 Fate
                 with
                 Tears
                 ,
                 For
                 he
                 who
                 now
                 went
                 to
                 suffer
                 ,
                 never
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 complain'd
                 of
                 the
                 Hardness
                 of
                 his
                 Case
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 advis'd
                 his
                 Countrymen
                 :
                 (
                 who
                 then
                 acted
                 so
                 wickedly
                 )
                 to
                 make
                 their
                 Addresses
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 a
                 clear
                 Indication
                 of
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 a
                 Pious
                 and
                 Generous
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 little
                 deserving
                 such
                 base
                 and
                 unworthy
                 Usage
                 .
                 In
                 short
                 ,
                 the
                 Eleven
                 Commanders
                 were
                 all
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Officers
                 appointed
                 by
                 Law
                 ,
                 tho'
                 they
                 had
                 never
                 done
                 the
                 City
                 the
                 least
                 Injury
                 ;
                 but
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 benefited
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 Victory
                 gain'd
                 in
                 a
                 Sea-Fight
                 ,
                 the
                 Greatest
                 that
                 was
                 ever
                 fought
                 ,
                 by
                 Grecians
                 against
                 Grecians
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 were
                 Men
                 whose
                 Valour
                 had
                 been
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 in
                 several
                 Battles
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 had
                 had
                 Statues
                 before
                 erected
                 in
                 Memory
                 of
                 their
                 Victories
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 were
                 then
                 so
                 desperately
                 mad
                 and
                 
                 enrag'd
                 by
                 the
                 Orators
                 ,
                 beyond
                 all
                 Bounds
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 gratify'd
                 their
                 Anger
                 and
                 Revenge
                 ,
                 upon
                 Men
                 that
                 were
                 not
                 only
                 Innocent
                 ,
                 but
                 deserv'd
                 rather
                 Honour
                 and
                 Rewards
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 both
                 the
                 Accusers
                 that
                 stir'd
                 up
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 themselves
                 ,
                 who
                 gave
                 Credit
                 to
                 their
                 Criminations
                 ,
                 sorely
                 Repented
                 of
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 God
                 himself
                 had
                 taken
                 Revenge
                 of
                 them
                 for
                 the
                 Fact
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 so
                 willing
                 to
                 be
                 deluded
                 by
                 these
                 Malicious
                 Instigations
                 ,
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Reward
                 of
                 their
                 Folly
                 ;
                 when
                 not
                 One
                 ,
                 but
                 thirty
                 Domineering
                 Masters
                 were
                 by
                 force
                 set
                 over
                 them
                 .
                 Then
                 was
                 Callixeus
                 (
                 he
                 that
                 gave
                 Sentence
                 of
                 Death
                 against
                 the
                 Accus'd
                 )
                 upon
                 this
                 Change
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 charg'd
                 as
                 one
                 that
                 had
                 deceiv'd
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 being
                 admitted
                 to
                 any
                 Defence
                 ,
                 was
                 Committed
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 to
                 the
                 Common-Goal
                 ;
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 some
                 Friends
                 ,
                 breaking
                 through
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 he
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 at
                 Deoelea
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 Avoiding
                 of
                 Death
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 pointed
                 at
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Finger
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 Notorious
                 Wickedness
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 but
                 amongst
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Grecians
                 abroad
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Days
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 after
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 are
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Things
                 that
                 are
                 reported
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 this
                 Year
                 .
                 Amongst
                 
                 the
                 Writers
                 ,
                 Philistus
                 concludes
                 the
                 First
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Sicily
                 with
                 this
                 Year
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 Taking
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 ;
                 comprehending
                 in
                 seven
                 Volumes
                 ;
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 above
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 Years
                 .
                 He
                 begins
                 the
                 other
                 Part
                 where
                 the
                 former
                 ended
                 ,
                 and
                 proceeds
                 in
                 his
                 Relations
                 contain'd
                 in
                 four
                 Books
                 .
                 About
                 this
                 Time
                 died
                 Sophocles
                 ,
                 the
                 
                 Tragedian
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Theophilus
                 ,
                 ninety
                 Years
                 of
                 Age.
                 He
                 gain'd
                 eighteen
                 Victories
                 upon
                 the
                 Stage
                 :
                 It
                 's
                 reported
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 That
                 when
                 he
                 Acted
                 his
                 last
                 Tragedy
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 came
                 off
                 Conqueror
                 ,
                 he
                 fell
                 into
                 so
                 violent
                 a
                 Laughter
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 fell
                 down
                 dead
                 .
                 Appollodorus
                 ,
                 
                 a
                 Writer
                 of
                 Chronicles
                 ,
                 reports
                 that
                 Euripides
                 likewise
                 died
                 this
                 Year
                 .
                 But
                 others
                 relate
                 ,
                 That
                 being
                 entertain'd
                 with
                 Archelaus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 once
                 walking
                 abroad
                 into
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 some
                 Dogs
                 met
                 him
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 he
                 was
                 torn
                 in
                 pieces
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 miserably
                 perish'd
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Lysander
                   made
                   Sole
                   Admiral
                   of
                   the
                   Lacedemonian
                   Fleet.
                   He
                   takes
                   Caramium
                   .
                   The
                   Ruin
                   of
                   the
                   Athenian
                   Fleet
                   at
                   
                     Aegos
                     Potamos
                     .
                     Athens
                  
                   taken
                   by
                   Lysander
                   .
                   The
                   End
                   of
                   the
                   Peloponesian
                   War.
                   
                
              
               
                 THE
                 Year
                 next
                 before
                 being
                 ended
                 ,
                 Alexias
                 was
                 made
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 this
                 Year
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 at
                 Rome
                 three
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 again
                 executed
                 the
                 Places
                 of
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 
                   Caius
                   Julius
                   ,
                   Publius
                   Cornelius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Servilius
                
                 .
                 During
                 their
                 Magistracy
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Commanders
                 
                 were
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 made
                 Philocles
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ;
                 and
                 
                 delivering
                 the
                 Fleet
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 sent
                 him
                 away
                 to
                 Conon
                 ,
                 Commissioning
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 
                 Joynt-Power
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Conon
                 at
                 Samos
                 ,
                 he
                 Man'd
                 all
                 the
                 Ships
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 an
                 hundred
                 seventy
                 three
                 .
                 Twenty
                 of
                 these
                 he
                 left
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 he
                 and
                 Conon
                 set
                 Sail
                 for
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 .
              
               
                 Lysander
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 High-Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 with
                 35
                 Sail
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 got
                 together
                 from
                 Peloponesus
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 next
                 adjoyning
                 ,
                 
                 pass'd
                 over
                 to
                 Ephesus
                 ;
                 and
                 fitted
                 out
                 a
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 sent
                 for
                 from
                 Chios
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 goes
                 to
                 Cyrus
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Darius
                 ,
                 and
                 receives
                 from
                 him
                 a
                 great
                 Sum
                 of
                 Mony
                 ,
                 for
                 
                 Payment
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 .
                 Cyrus
                 being
                 sent
                 for
                 by
                 his
                 Father
                 into
                 Persia
                 ,
                 intrusts
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 his
                 Provinces
                 to
                 Lysander
                 ;
                 and
                 commands
                 all
                 the
                 Tribute
                 
                 to
                 be
                 pay'd
                 to
                 him
                 :
                 who
                 being
                 now
                 fully
                 supply'd
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 returns
                 to
                 Ephesus
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 Time
                 some
                 in
                 Miletus
                 ,
                 that
                 favour'd
                 an
                 Oligarchy
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 abolish'd
                 the
                 Democracy
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 that
                 End
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 Sedition
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Dionysian
                 Festivals
                 were
                 celebrated
                 ,
                 forty
                 that
                 were
                 the
                 Greatest
                 Enemies
                 against
                 their
                 Faction
                 ,
                 were
                 surpriz'd
                 in
                 their
                 Houses
                 ,
                 and
                 murther'd
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 observing
                 their
                 Opportunity
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Forum
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 People
                 ,
                 they
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 300
                 of
                 the
                 Richest
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 above
                 1000
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Considerable
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 for
                 the
                 Democracy
                 ,
                 afraid
                 of
                 the
                 Present
                 imminent
                 Danger
                 ,
                 fled
                 to
                 Pharnabasus
                 ,
                 the
                 Persian
                 Lord-Lieutenant
                 ,
                 who
                 receiv'd
                 them
                 very
                 courteously
                 ,
                 and
                 bestow'd
                 upon
                 every
                 one
                 a
                 *
                 Stater
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 †
                 Clauda
                 ,
                 a
                 Castle
                 of
                 Claudia
                 for
                 their
                 Residence
                 .
              
               
                 Lysander
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Navy
                 ,
                 making
                 for
                 ‖
                 Thasus
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 Caria
                 ,
                 in
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 takes
                 it
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 puts
                 all
                 the
                 Men
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 800
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 sold
                 all
                 the
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 for
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 and
                 raz'd
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 he
                 sail'd
                 to
                 Attica
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Places
                 ;
                 but
                 did
                 nothing
                 memorable
                 .
                 Therefore
                 we
                 have
                 nothing
                 to
                 write
                 further
                 concerning
                 these
                 Matters
                 .
                 The
                 Sum
                 of
                 all
                 is
                 ,
                 having
                 taken
                 Lampsatus
                 ,
                 he
                 dismiss'd
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Garrison
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 them
                 Home
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 ‡
                 plunder'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 restor'd
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Athenian
                 Admirals
                 ,
                 having
                 Intelligence
                 that
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 had
                 besieg'd
                 Lampsacus
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 got
                 together
                 all
                 their
                 Fleet
                 from
                 every
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 made
                 for
                 Lampsacus
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 hundred
                 and
                 fourscore
                 Sail
                 ;
                 but
                 hearing
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 taken
                 ,
                 they
                 Anchor'd
                 at
                 †
                 
                   Aegos
                   Potamos
                
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 lay
                 .
                 Not
                 long
                 after
                 they
                 weigh'd
                 Anchor
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 out
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 dar'd
                 them
                 every
                 Day
                 to
                 a
                 Battle
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 would
                 not
                 stir
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 began
                 to
                 consider
                 what
                 was
                 best
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 stay
                 long
                 there
                 with
                 the
                 Fleet.
                 Hereupon
                 Alcibiades
                 came
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 assur'd
                 them
                 that
                 Medocus
                 and
                 Seuthes
                 ,
                 Kings
                 of
                 the
                 Thracians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 his
                 special
                 Friends
                 ,
                 had
                 offer'd
                 him
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 fight
                 against
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 some
                 share
                 in
                 the
                 Command
                 ,
                 he
                 ingag'd
                 either
                 to
                 force
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 to
                 sight
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 fight
                 them
                 at
                 Land
                 ,
                 by
                 an
                 Army
                 out
                 of
                 Thrace
                 .
                 This
                 Alcibiades
                 did
                 to
                 evidence
                 how
                 great
                 his
                 desire
                 was
                 to
                 procure
                 some
                 Eminent
                 Advantage
                 to
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 fresh
                 Service
                 ,
                 to
                 regain
                 their
                 former
                 good
                 Opinion
                 of
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Commanders
                 
                 concluded
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 matters
                 fell
                 out
                 ill
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Blame
                 would
                 be
                 laid
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 well
                 ,
                 Alcibiades
                 would
                 reap
                 all
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
                 Therefore
                 they
                 order'd
                 him
                 to
                 withdraw
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 come
                 near
                 the
                 Army
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Enemy
                 still
                 avoiding
                 a
                 Fight
                 ,
                 and
                 Provision
                 growing
                 scarce
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 Philocles
                 ,
                 
                 who
                 commanded
                 that
                 day
                 ,
                 order'd
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 to
                 ship
                 their
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 follow
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 thirty
                 Sail
                 in
                 readiness
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 loos'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Harbour
                 .
                 Lysander
                 having
                 Intelligence
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 by
                 some
                 Deserters
                 ,
                 makes
                 out
                 to
                 Sea
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Navy
                 ,
                 puts
                 Philocles
                 to
                 Flight
                 ,
                 and
                 sails
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Fleet.
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Athenians
                 which
                 lay
                 there
                 (
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 had
                 but
                 few
                 of
                 their
                 Men
                 on
                 Board
                 )
                 were
                 all
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Fear
                 ,
                 and
                 Consternation
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 unexpected
                 Approach
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Lysander
                 therefore
                 ,
                 understanding
                 the
                 Confusion
                 and
                 Disorder
                 of
                 his
                 Enemy's
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 commanded
                 Etonicus
                 on
                 Shoar
                 with
                 the
                 Land-Army
                 ,
                 who
                 
                 forthwith
                 being
                 now
                 landed
                 ,
                 judg'd
                 it
                 highly
                 necessary
                 to
                 improve
                 the
                 present
                 Opportunity
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 suddainly
                 forces
                 into
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Camp
                 :
                 And
                 Lysander
                 himself
                 coming
                 up
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 well
                 Man'd
                 and
                 provided
                 ,
                 hal'd
                 as
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Vessels
                 as
                 there
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 with
                 Grappling-Irons
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Shoar
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 so
                 amaz'd
                 ,
                 and
                 struck
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 suddain
                 astonishment
                 ,
                 
                 (
                 not
                 having
                 time
                 either
                 to
                 make
                 out
                 to
                 Sea
                 with
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 form
                 themselves
                 into
                 a
                 Body
                 at
                 Land
                 )
                 so
                 that
                 after
                 a
                 short
                 Resistance
                 ,
                 they
                 turn'd
                 their
                 Backs
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 some
                 forsook
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 others
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Camp
                 ;
                 every
                 one
                 seeking
                 where
                 he
                 could
                 best
                 preserve
                 himself
                 .
                 Scarce
                 ten
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Commanders
                 and
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 escap'd
                 ;
                 amongst
                 whom
                 was
                 Conon
                 ,
                 who
                 not
                 daring
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 fled
                 to
                 Evagoras
                 ,
                 Prince
                 of
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 his
                 special
                 góod
                 Friend
                 .
                 Many
                 of
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 fled
                 by
                 Land
                 to
                 
                   Sestos
                   .
                   Lysander
                
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Philocles
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Generals
                 ,
                 prisoner
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 him
                 to
                 Lampsacus
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 put
                 him
                 to
                 death
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 commanded
                 Messengers
                 to
                 Lacedemon
                 
                 to
                 carry
                 the
                 News
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 ;
                 and
                 order'd
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Best
                 of
                 the
                 Gallies
                 to
                 transport
                 'em
                 ,
                 magnificently
                 ,
                 adorning
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 Arms
                 and
                 Spoils
                 taken
                 from
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 Next
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 to
                 Sestos
                 ,
                 in
                 pursuit
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 fled
                 thither
                 ,
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 dismiss'd
                 the
                 Athenians
                 upon
                 Terms
                 .
                 From
                 thence
                 he
                 sail'd
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 Samos
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 prepares
                 to
                 besiege
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 but
                 sent
                 away
                 Gylippus
                 (
                 he
                 who
                 so
                 eminently
                 assisted
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 at
                 Sea
                 )
                 to
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 with
                 fifteen
                 
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 besides
                 the
                 Spoils
                 .
                 The
                 Mony
                 was
                 made
                 up
                 in
                 little
                 Bags
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 every
                 Bag
                 was
                 fix'd
                 a
                 *
                 Seytale
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 was
                 written
                 the
                 Sum
                 of
                 Mony
                 therein
                 contain'd
                 .
                 Gylippus
                 ,
                 being
                 ignorant
                 of
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 unties
                 the
                 Bags
                 ,
                 and
                 takes
                 out
                 three
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 ;
                 but
                 his
                 Theft
                 being
                 discover'd
                 to
                 the
                 Ephori
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Scytales
                 ,
                 he
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 was
                 condem●'d
                 to
                 die
                 .
                 Clearchus
                 ,
                 the
                 Father
                 of
                 Gylippus
                 ,
                 in
                 former
                 times
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 having
                 receiv'd
                 Mony
                 of
                 Pericles
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 invade
                 Attica
                 ,
                 likewise
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 adjudg'd
                 to
                 die
                 ,
                 and
                 liv'd
                 all
                 his
                 Days
                 a
                 Banish'd
                 Man
                 among
                 the
                 Thurians
                 in
                 Italy
                 .
                 These
                 two
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 otherwise
                 Virtuous
                 ;
                 yet
                 by
                 these
                 sordid
                 Acts
                 ,
                 stain'd
                 and
                 blemish'd
                 all
                 the
                 Worthy
                 Actions
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 their
                 Lives
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 fully
                 satisfy'd
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 totally
                 ruin'd
                 ,
                 they
                 determin'd
                 to
                 strive
                 no
                 longer
                 to
                 be
                 Masters
                 at
                 Sea
                 ;
                 but
                 now
                 employ'd
                 all
                 their
                 Care
                 to
                 repair
                 their
                 Walls
                 ;
                 and
                 block't
                 up
                 the
                 Haven
                 ,
                 expecting
                 nothing
                 more
                 certain
                 than
                 a
                 Siege
                 ,
                 which
                 happen'd
                 accordingly
                 ;
                 for
                 presently
                 both
                 Agis
                 and
                 Pausanias
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Generals
                 ,
                 broke
                 into
                 Attica
                 with
                 great
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 incamp'd
                 under
                 the
                 very
                 Walls
                 of
                 Athens
                 .
                 And
                 Lysander
                 entred
                 the
                 Pyraeum
                 ,
                 with
                 above
                 two
                 hundred
                 Sail.
                 The
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 tho'
                 they
                 were
                 press'd
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 with
                 so
                 many
                 Mischiefs
                 ,
                 yet
                 stood
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 easily
                 defended
                 the
                 City
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Peloponesians
                 resolv'd
                 in
                 Council
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 very
                 difficult
                 to
                 force
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 to
                 withdraw
                 their
                 Forces
                 out
                 of
                 Attica
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 Navy
                 ,
                 to
                 hinder
                 all
                 Provision
                 from
                 being
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 Which
                 being
                 put
                 in
                 Execution
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 reduc'd
                 into
                 extream
                 Want
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 especially
                 of
                 Food
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 us'd
                 to
                 be
                 imported
                 to
                 them
                 by
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 Want
                 pressing
                 upon
                 them
                 every
                 day
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 ,
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 fill'd
                 with
                 the
                 Dead
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 those
                 that
                 surviv'd
                 sent
                 forth
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 and
                 procur'd
                 the
                 Terms
                 and
                 Conditions
                 following
                 ;
                 viz.
                 That
                 the
                 Long
                 Fortifications
                 of
                 the
                 Piraeum
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 their
                 Walls
                 should
                 be
                 demolish'd
                 :
                 That
                 they
                 should
                 never
                 have
                 above
                 ten
                 Long
                 Ships
                 :
                 That
                 they
                 should
                 leave
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 Subject
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 And
                 
                 thus
                 ended
                 the
                 Peloponesian
                 War
                 ,
                 after
                 it
                 had
                 continu'd
                 Seven
                 and
                 twenty
                 Years
                 ;
                 a
                 War
                 of
                 the
                 longest
                 Duration
                 of
                 any
                 come
                 to
                 our
                 Knowledge
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XVI
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Agrigentum
                   sackt
                   by
                   Imilcar
                   the
                   Carthaginian
                   .
                   The
                   Carthaginians
                   besiege
                   
                     Gela.
                     Dionysius
                  
                   goes
                   to
                   the
                   aid
                   of
                   Gela.
                   The
                   Skirmishes
                   before
                   
                     Gela.
                     Camarina
                  
                   deserted
                   by
                   the
                   Order
                   of
                   Dionysius
                   .
                   The
                   Souldiers
                   inrag'd
                   at
                   Dionysius
                   ,
                   he
                   hastens
                   to
                   
                     Syracuse
                     .
                     Imilcar
                  
                   makes
                   Peace
                   with
                   Dionysius
                   ,
                   and
                   returns
                   to
                   Carthage
                   .
                   The
                   end
                   of
                   the
                   first
                   Carthaginian
                   War
                   with
                   Dionysius
                   .
                
              
               
                 A
                 Little
                 while
                 after
                 .
                 *
                 Darius
                 King
                 of
                 Asia
                 died
                 ,
                 having
                 reigned
                 Nineteen
                 Years
                 ;
                 †
                 Artaxerxes
                 his
                 Eldest
                 Son
                 succeeded
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 reign'd
                 43
                 Years
                 .
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Apollodorus
                 the
                 Athenian
                 reports
                 ,
                 that
                 Antimachus
                 the
                 Poet
                 flourish'd
                 .
                 Imilcar
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 General
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 return
                 of
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 sack'd
                 the
                 City
                 Agrigentum
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 the
                 Carv'd
                 Work
                 ,
                 and
                 richest
                 Furniture
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 Temples
                 that
                 were
                 not
                 utterly
                 consum'd
                 by
                 the
                 Fire
                 .
                 From
                 hence
                 he
                 made
                 an
                 inroad
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Geloa
                 .
                 From
                 whence
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 the
                 Camarineans
                 (
                 having
                 made
                 great
                 Devastations
                 ,
                 )
                 he
                 fill'd
                 his
                 Camp
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Plunder
                 .
                 Then
                 marching
                 for
                 Gela
                 ,
                 he
                 incampt
                 at
                 a
                 River
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Name
                 .
                 There
                 was
                 a
                 brazen
                 Statue
                 of
                 Apollo
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 wonderful
                 bigness
                 at
                 Gela
                 in
                 the
                 Suburbs
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 took
                 and
                 sent
                 away
                 
                 to
                 Tyre
                 .
                 The
                 Geleans
                 had
                 dedicated
                 it
                 by
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 of
                 Apollo
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Tyrians
                 some
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 Besieg'd
                 by
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 ,
                 reproach'd
                 the
                 Image
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 But
                 after
                 that
                 Alexander
                 had
                 taken
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 Day
                 of
                 the
                 Week
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 very
                 Hour
                 (
                 as
                 Timeus
                 reports
                 )
                 that
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 committed
                 the
                 Sacriledge
                 against
                 Apollo
                 at
                 Gela
                 ,
                 the
                 Grecians
                 honour'd
                 the
                 God
                 with
                 many
                 magnificent
                 Gifts
                 and
                 costly
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 by
                 whose
                 help
                 they
                 had
                 won
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Though
                 these
                 things
                 happen'd
                 in
                 times
                 far
                 distant
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 yet
                 because
                 the
                 thing
                 *
                 was
                 very
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 I
                 thought
                 it
                 no
                 digression
                 to
                 compare
                 one
                 Event
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 this
                 Place
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 cut
                 down
                 all
                 the
                 Trees
                 about
                 Gela
                 ,
                 fortify'd
                 themselves
                 by
                 a
                 Wall
                 and
                 deep
                 Trench
                 drawn
                 round
                 their
                 Camp
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 expected
                 that
                 Dionysius
                 would
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 aid
                 of
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 .
                 They
                 of
                 Gela
                 had
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 Siege
                 to
                 avoid
                 Danger
                 ,
                 determin'd
                 to
                 send
                 away
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 the
                 Women
                 all
                 ran
                 together
                 to
                 the
                 Altars
                 in
                 the
                 Forum
                 ,
                 earnestly
                 praying
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 undergo
                 the
                 same
                 Fate
                 with
                 their
                 Husbands
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 suffered
                 to
                 stay
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 in
                 the
                 Town
                 dividing
                 
                 themselves
                 into
                 several
                 Squadrons
                 ,
                 sent
                 out
                 part
                 Abroad
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 well
                 acquainted
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Ways
                 and
                 Passages
                 ,
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 that
                 were
                 straggling
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 only
                 brought
                 in
                 Prisoners
                 every
                 Day
                 ,
                 but
                 kill'd
                 many
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 had
                 batter'd
                 down
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 with
                 their
                 Rams
                 ,
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 stoutly
                 defended
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 was
                 beaten
                 down
                 in
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 both
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 and
                 repair'd
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 young
                 and
                 able
                 ,
                 were
                 continually
                 in
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 ingag'd
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 were
                 diligently
                 imploy'd
                 in
                 working
                 and
                 other
                 necessary
                 Services
                 .
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 they
                 bore
                 the
                 brunt
                 with
                 that
                 Valour
                 and
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 their
                 City
                 was
                 unfortify'd
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 receiv'd
                 no
                 Aid
                 from
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Walls
                 were
                 broke
                 down
                 in
                 many
                 Places
                 ,
                 yet
                 Fear
                 did
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 abate
                 their
                 Courage
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Dionysius
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 sent
                 for
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Succours
                 in
                 
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 Aids
                 from
                 his
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 imploy'd
                 every
                 one
                 almost
                 that
                 was
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 Arms
                 in
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 join'd
                 the
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 amounted
                 not
                 to
                 above
                 Fifty
                 (
                 as
                 some
                 report
                 )
                 but
                 (
                 as
                 Timeus
                 relates
                 )
                 not
                 above
                 Thirty
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 with
                 Fifty
                 Sail
                 of
                 Ships
                 .
                 With
                 these
                 Forces
                 he
                 hastens
                 to
                 the
                 Aid
                 of
                 Gela.
                 When
                 he
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 encamp'd
                 near
                 the
                 Sea
                 :
                 This
                 he
                 did
                 that
                 his
                 Forces
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 divided
                 ,
                 but
                 might
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 at
                 once
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 skirmishing
                 with
                 his
                 
                 light
                 Arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 he
                 prevented
                 their
                 Foraging
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 his
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 
                 his
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 he
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 intercept
                 all
                 Provisions
                 that
                 should
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 from
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Dominions
                 .
                 However
                 he
                 effected
                 nothing
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 continu'd
                 there
                 Twenty
                 Days
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 he
                 divided
                 his
                 Foot
                 into
                 Three
                 
                 Bodies
                 ;
                 one
                 he
                 deliver'd
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Command
                 that
                 having
                 the
                 City
                 on
                 the
                 Left
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Trenches
                 and
                 Fortifications
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 Another
                 Body
                 made
                 up
                 of
                 Succours
                 from
                 the
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 he
                 order'd
                 should
                 leave
                 the
                 City
                 on
                 the
                 Right
                 ,
                 and
                 march
                 to
                 the
                 Shoar
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 design'd
                 to
                 pass
                 through
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Engines
                 were
                 plac'd
                 ;
                 and
                 commanded
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 a
                 Sign
                 was
                 given
                 by
                 the
                 Foot
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 pass
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 and
                 disperse
                 themselves
                 over
                 the
                 Fields
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 discern'd
                 that
                 their
                 own
                 Party
                 prevail'd
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 join
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 worsted
                 ,
                 should
                 succour
                 them
                 .
                 He
                 commanded
                 likewise
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Italian
                 Bands
                 came
                 up
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 sail
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Camp.
                 While
                 every
                 one
                 was
                 executing
                 the
                 Orders
                 given
                 him
                 in
                 charge
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 oppos'd
                 the
                 Enemies
                 landing
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 it
                 their
                 business
                 to
                 defend
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Camp
                 towards
                 the
                 Shoar
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 fortify'd
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 instant
                 ,
                 the
                 Italians
                 coming
                 in
                 near
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 intercepted
                 many
                 that
                 had
                 issu'd
                 out
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 Landing
                 :
                 And
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 put
                 them
                 to
                 
                 flight
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 to
                 guard
                 that
                 part
                 ,
                 they
                 assaulted
                 the
                 whole
                 Camp.
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 with
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Army
                 (
                 now
                 return'd
                 )
                 hotly
                 ingag'd
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 much
                 ado
                 drave
                 them
                 back
                 beyond
                 the
                 Trenches
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 gain'd
                 ,
                 and
                 pass'd
                 .
                 The
                 Italians
                 being
                 overpowr'd
                 with
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 retreat
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 into
                 a
                 straight
                 and
                 narrow
                 Pass
                 within
                 the
                 Lines
                 ,
                 none
                 of
                 their
                 Fellows
                 advancing
                 to
                 support
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Siculi
                 who
                 were
                 far
                 off
                 ,
                 came
                 not
                 up
                 in
                 convenient
                 time
                 ;
                 and
                 
                 Dionysius's
                 Mercenaries
                 because
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 march
                 swift
                 enough
                 through
                 the
                 Streets
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 succour
                 them
                 .
                 Indeed
                 the
                 Gel●●ns
                 for
                 a
                 little
                 way
                 made
                 a
                 Sally
                 to
                 relieve
                 the
                 Italians
                 ,
                 but
                 fearing
                 the
                 Walls
                 would
                 be
                 left
                 naked
                 ,
                 they
                 halted
                 and
                 return'd
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Iberians
                 and
                 Campanians
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Auxiliaries
                 ,
                 fell
                 very
                 sharply
                 upon
                 the
                 Greeks
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 above
                 a
                 Thousand
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Pursuers
                 being
                 driven
                 back
                 by
                 Darts
                 and
                 other
                 Shot
                 from
                 the
                 Ships
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 came
                 safe
                 into
                 the
                 Town
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Siculi
                 being
                 ingag'd
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 in
                 another
                 part
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 pursu'd
                 the
                 rest
                 up
                 to
                 their
                 very
                 Camp.
                 But
                 both
                 the
                 
                   Iberians
                   ,
                   Campanians
                
                 and
                 Carthaginians
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 aid
                 of
                 the
                 Africans
                 ,
                 the
                 Siculi
                 having
                 lost
                 Six
                 Hundred
                 Men
                 ,
                 return'd
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 Horse
                 likewise
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 all
                 was
                 lost
                 ,
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 especially
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 pressing
                 upon
                 them
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 having
                 passed
                 through
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 his
                 Mercenaries
                 with
                 great
                 difficulty
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 understood
                 that
                 his
                 Army
                 was
                 broken
                 ,
                 marcht
                 back
                 ,
                 and
                 shelter'd
                 himself
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 :
                 Then
                 calling
                 a
                 Senate
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 
                 Friends
                 ,
                 they
                 consulted
                 concerning
                 the
                 present
                 state
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ;
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 concluded
                 by
                 all
                 ,
                 that
                 (
                 because
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 so
                 strong
                 )
                 that
                 was
                 now
                 no
                 Place
                 to
                 put
                 all
                 to
                 hazard
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 therefore
                 sent
                 forth
                 a
                 †
                 Trumpet
                 in
                 the
                 Evening
                 ,
                 to
                 gain
                 a
                 Cessation
                 of
                 Arms
                 for
                 the
                 burying
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 till
                 the
                 next
                 Day
                 .
                 Then
                 about
                 the
                 first
                 Watch
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 a
                 Multitude
                 of
                 People
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 about
                 Midnight
                 march'd
                 forth
                 with
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 leaving
                 behind
                 him
                 2000
                 light
                 Arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 commanding
                 them
                 to
                 make
                 Fires
                 all
                 the
                 Night
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 up
                 continual
                 Shouts
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 might
                 believe
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 was
                 still
                 in
                 the
                 Town
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 began
                 to
                 be
                 light
                 ,
                 those
                 left
                 behind
                 with
                 a
                 swift
                 March
                 follow'd
                 
                 Dionysius's
                 Army
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 understood
                 the
                 Cheat
                 ,
                 they
                 led
                 
                 the
                 Army
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 Prey
                 of
                 whatever
                 was
                 left
                 in
                 the
                 Houses
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Dionysius
                 came
                 to
                 Camarina
                 ,
                 he
                 caus'd
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Wives
                 
                 and
                 Children
                 to
                 remove
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 Fear
                 would
                 not
                 admit
                 of
                 any
                 delay
                 ,
                 some
                 carry'd
                 what
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 they
                 were
                 able
                 ;
                 others
                 with
                 their
                 Parents
                 and
                 little
                 Children
                 hasten'd
                 away
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 regard
                 to
                 their
                 Estates
                 .
                 Some
                 who
                 were
                 old
                 and
                 sick
                 ,
                 were
                 left
                 behind
                 by
                 their
                 Friends
                 and
                 Relations
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 thinking
                 that
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 were
                 at
                 his
                 Heels
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 late
                 ruin
                 and
                 destruction
                 of
                 
                   Sclinunte
                   ,
                   Himera
                
                 and
                 Agrigentum
                 struck
                 all
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 terrour
                 ,
                 and
                 fill'd
                 every
                 one
                 with
                 such
                 an
                 apprehension
                 of
                 the
                 Beastly
                 cruelty
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 then
                 present
                 before
                 their
                 Eyes
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 put
                 all
                 the
                 Captives
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 shew'd
                 no
                 Compassion
                 to
                 any
                 ;
                 some
                 they
                 crucify'd
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 they
                 tormented
                 with
                 intolerable
                 Scoffs
                 and
                 Reproaches
                 .
                 The
                 Souldiers
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 seeing
                 Men
                 ,
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 driven
                 in
                 Droves
                 from
                 Two
                 several
                 Cities
                 in
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Country
                 ,
                 were
                 much
                 incens'd
                 ,
                 pitying
                 the
                 sad
                 Condition
                 of
                 the
                 miserable
                 People
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 young
                 Gentlemen
                 and
                 Ladies
                 in
                 marriagable
                 Estate
                 ,
                 unbecoming
                 their
                 State
                 and
                 Age
                 ,
                 tumultuously
                 and
                 regardlesly
                 to
                 be
                 driven
                 ,
                 led
                 and
                 drag'd
                 in
                 Droves
                 
                 through
                 the
                 High-ways
                 ,
                 the
                 time
                 not
                 allowing
                 any
                 regard
                 or
                 respect
                 either
                 to
                 old
                 and
                 grave
                 Men
                 ,
                 or
                 young
                 and
                 tender
                 Women
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 affected
                 :
                 And
                 especially
                 it
                 greatly
                 griev'd
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 see
                 decrepit
                 old
                 People
                 forc'd
                 beyond
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 nature
                 ,
                 to
                 go
                 as
                 fast
                 as
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 young
                 .
                 These
                 were
                 the
                 things
                 that
                 enflam'd
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 with
                 Rage
                 against
                 Dionysius
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 suspected
                 that
                 he
                 did
                 this
                 on
                 purpose
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 gain
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 over
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 through
                 their
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 mutter'd
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 how
                 small
                 a
                 time
                 he
                 gave
                 his
                 Assistance
                 ;
                 that
                 none
                 of
                 his
                 Mercenary
                 Souldiers
                 were
                 kill'd
                 ;
                 that
                 he
                 fled
                 so
                 hastily
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 suffer'd
                 so
                 little
                 Loss
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 when
                 no
                 Enemy
                 pursu'd
                 .
                 Therefore
                 all
                 those
                 who
                 had
                 long
                 wisht
                 for
                 an
                 opportunity
                 to
                 revolt
                 ,
                 now
                 did
                 their
                 utmost
                 to
                 shake
                 off
                 the
                 Yoke
                 of
                 his
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 prompted
                 thereunto
                 *
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 by
                 the
                 instinct
                 of
                 a
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Italians
                 forthwith
                 left
                 his
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 marcht
                 homewards
                 through
                 the
                 Heart
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 The
                 Syracusian
                 Horsemen
                 likewise
                 watch'd
                 for
                 an
                 opportunity
                 how
                 they
                 might
                 readily
                 kill
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 on
                 the
                 Road
                 :
                 But
                 observing
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 constantly
                 to
                 attend
                 
                 close
                 to
                 his
                 Person
                 (
                 unanimously
                 with
                 one
                 consent
                 )
                 they
                 set
                 Spurs
                 to
                 their
                 Horses
                 ,
                 and
                 rode
                 away
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 enter'd
                 into
                 the
                 Arsenal
                 without
                 any
                 opposition
                 ;
                 
                 the
                 Guard
                 being
                 altogether
                 ignorant
                 of
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 at
                 Gela.
                 Upon
                 their
                 coming
                 there
                 ,
                 they
                 forthwith
                 rifled
                 
                 Dionysius's
                 Palace
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 all
                 his
                 Gold
                 ,
                 Silver
                 and
                 rich
                 Furniture
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 House
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 cruelly
                 and
                 filthily
                 abus'd
                 his
                 Wife
                 ,
                 to
                 vex
                 and
                 molest
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 the
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 this
                 sort
                 of
                 Revenge
                 might
                 
                 be
                 a
                 clear
                 Evidence
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Conspiracy
                 against
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 Dionysius
                 suspecting
                 upon
                 his
                 March
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 hastens
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Horse
                 and
                 Foot
                 he
                 could
                 confide
                 in
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 possible
                 speed
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 concluded
                 he
                 had
                 no
                 better
                 course
                 to
                 take
                 to
                 disappoint
                 the
                 Horsemen
                 that
                 were
                 gone
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 prevent
                 all
                 intelligence
                 ,
                 judging
                 his
                 Design
                 would
                 be
                 more
                 easily
                 accomplish'd
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 sooner
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 than
                 they
                 could
                 believe
                 ;
                 which
                 happen'd
                 accordingly
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Horsemen
                 thought
                 that
                 Dionysius
                 durst
                 neither
                 stay
                 with
                 ,
                 nor
                 be
                 far
                 from
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 now
                 as
                 confident
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 gain'd
                 their
                 purpose
                 ,
                 they
                 nois'd
                 Abroad
                 that
                 Dionysius
                 pretended
                 to
                 fly
                 from
                 Gela
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 truth
                 he
                 fled
                 from
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Dionysius
                 having
                 marcht
                 without
                 stop
                 almost
                 *
                 400
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 came
                 about
                 Midnight
                 to
                 the
                 Gates
                 of
                 Acradine
                 ,
                 with
                 100
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 500
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 finding
                 them
                 shut
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 caused
                 Reeds
                 there
                 ready
                 gather'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Fenns
                 (
                 with
                 which
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 used
                 to
                 burn
                 Lime
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Gates
                 :
                 While
                 the
                 Gates
                 were
                 on
                 Fire
                 ,
                 those
                 that
                 marcht
                 flower
                 came
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 :
                 And
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 burnt
                 down
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 entred
                 through
                 Acradine
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Forces
                 with
                 him
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 those
                 Horsemen
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 very
                 few
                 )
                 that
                 were
                 of
                 the
                 Noblest
                 Birth
                 ,
                 and
                 greatest
                 Wealth
                 (
                 without
                 staying
                 for
                 the
                 Peoples
                 help
                 )
                 got
                 together
                 in
                 the
                 Market-Place
                 to
                 oppose
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 but
                 were
                 presently
                 surrounded
                 with
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 Man
                 kill'd
                 with
                 Darts
                 and
                 Pikes
                 .
                 Then
                 Dionysius
                 scouring
                 the
                 Streets
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 put
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 he
                 met
                 that
                 were
                 running
                 
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 to
                 aid
                 their
                 Fellows
                 ;
                 and
                 not
                 only
                 so
                 ,
                 but
                 enter'd
                 likewise
                 into
                 the
                 Houses
                 of
                 those
                 he
                 took
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 ,
                 he
                 cut
                 the
                 Throats
                 of
                 some
                 ,
                 and
                 banish'd
                 others
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Horsemen
                 escap'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 to
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 call'd
                 Acradine
                 .
                 About
                 break
                 of
                 Day
                 the
                 next
                 Morning
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 Sicilian
                 Army
                 came
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Geleans
                 and
                 Camarineans
                 incens'd
                 against
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 turn'd
                 off
                 to
                 Leontium
                 .
              
               
                 Imilcar
                 at
                 length
                 forc'd
                 by
                 the
                 Circumstances
                 of
                 his
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 sends
                 an
                 †
                 Herald
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 to
                 offer
                 Terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 to
                 the
                 Conquer'd
                 :
                 This
                 was
                 very
                 acceptable
                 News
                 to
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 Peace
                 was
                 made
                 upon
                 these
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   besides
                   the
                   ancient
                   Colonies
                   the
                
                 Sicanians
                 ,
                 Selinuntes
                 ,
                 Agrigentines
                 
                   and
                   the
                
                 Himereans
                 ,
                 
                   should
                   be
                   under
                   the
                   Power
                   of
                   the
                
                 Carthaginians
                 :
                 
                   That
                   they
                   of
                
                 Gela
                 and
                 Camerine
                 
                   should
                   be
                   suffer'd
                
                 
                 
                   to
                   inhabit
                   in
                   their
                   own
                   Cities
                   ,
                   yet
                   without
                   Walls
                   ,
                   and
                   be
                   Tributary
                   for
                   the
                   future
                   to
                   the
                
                 Carthaginians
                 :
                 
                   That
                   the
                
                 Leontines
                 ,
                 Messenians
                 
                   and
                   all
                   the
                
                 Sicilians
                 
                   should
                   be
                   free
                   ,
                   and
                   injoy
                   all
                   their
                   own
                   Laws
                   and
                   Liberties
                   ,
                   save
                   that
                   the
                
                 Syracusians
                 
                   should
                   be
                   subject
                   to
                
                 Dionysius
                 .
                 When
                 all
                 these
                 Articles
                 were
                 ratify'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 past
                 over
                 to
                 Lybia
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 lost
                 above
                 one
                 half
                 of
                 their
                 Army
                 by
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 which
                 afterwards
                 raging
                 through
                 Lybia
                 ,
                 Multitudes
                 perish'd
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 and
                 their
                 Confederates
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 we
                 are
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Wars
                 ;
                 of
                 the
                 Peloponosian
                 War
                 in
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 Carthaginian
                 War
                 with
                 Dionysius
                 in
                 Sicily
                 :
                 And
                 so
                 having
                 finished
                 what
                 we
                 hitherto
                 design'd
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 treat
                 in
                 the
                 next
                 Book
                 of
                 those
                 Affairs
                 thar
                 fell
                 out
                 afterwards
                 .
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               BOOK
               XIV
               .
            
             
               
                 IT
                 's
                 Common
                 and
                 Natural
                 to
                 every
                 Man
                 to
                 be
                 touch'd
                 to
                 the
                 Quick
                 ,
                 to
                 hear
                 himself
              
               
               
                 Evil
                 spoken
                 of
                 .
                 For
                 even
                 they
                 that
                 are
                 so
                 notoriously
                 Wicked
                 that
                 they
                 cannot
                 escape
                 Reproaches
                 ,
                 yet
                 if
                 they
                 be
                 told
                 of
                 their
                 Faults
                 ,
                 are
                 presently
                 in
                 a
                 Rage
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 all
                 they
                 can
                 to
                 palliate
                 and
                 cover
                 their
                 Crimes
                 with
                 fine-spun
                 Excuses
                 .
                 Every
                 one
                 therefore
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 careful
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 doing
                 of
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 of
                 bad
                 report
                 ,
                 especially
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 high
                 Place
                 and
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 advanc'd
                 above
                 others
                 in
                 Dignity
                 .
                 For
                 their
                 actions
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 eminency
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 being
                 more
                 conspicuous
                 than
                 others
                 ,
                 their
                 Faults
                 and
                 Miscarriages
                 likewise
                 are
                 more
                 obvious
                 .
                 Therefore
                 ,
                 let
                 none
                 in
                 such
                 places
                 of
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 ,
                 think
                 to
                 avoid
                 Censures
                 and
                 Reproaches
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 are
                 Corrupt
                 and
                 Unjust
                 in
                 their
                 Administration
                 .
                 For
                 should
                 they
                 escape
                 Infamy
                 and
                 Disgrace
                 during
                 their
                 Lives
                 ,
                 yet
                 let
                 them
                 be
                 assur'd
                 ,
                 that
                 after-times
                 will
                 publish
                 that
                 Truth
                 (
                 to
                 the
                 stain
                 of
                 their
                 Memory
                 )
                 which
                 was
                 stifled
                 and
                 smother'd
                 some
                 time
                 before
                 .
                 Let
                 this
                 therefore
                 startle
                 wicked
                 Men
                 to
                 consider
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 leave
                 behind
                 them
                 an
                 ugly
                 Representation
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 view
                 of
                 Posterity
                 for
                 ever
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 For
                 though
                 those
                 things
                 that
                 follow
                 after
                 Death
                 do
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 concern
                 us
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 some
                 Philosophers
                 have
                 spread
                 abroad
                 among
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 )
                 yet
                 a
                 wicked
                 Course
                 of
                 Life
                 is
                 far
                 the
                 worse
                 ,
                 inasmuch
                 as
                 the
                 remembrance
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 hateful
                 to
                 all
                 Posterity
                 .
                 Of
                 which
                 truth
                 ,
                 he
                 who
                 seriously
                 considers
                 things
                 related
                 in
                 this
                 Book
                 ,
                 may
                 find
                 ready
                 at
                 hand
                 most
                 clear
                 and
                 evident
                 Examples
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Thirty
                 Tyrants
                 of
              
               Athens
               ,
               
                 who
                 by
                 their
                 Covetousness
                 and
                 Ambition
                 involv'd
                 their
                 Country
                 in
                 dreadful
                 Calamities
                 ,
                 thereby
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 not
                 only
                 lost
                 their
                 Authority
                 ,
                 but
                 left
                 behind
                 them
                 an
                 immortal
                 stain
                 and
                 dishonour
                 to
                 their
                 Names
                 .
                 And
                 the
              
               Lacedaemonians
               ,
               
                 who
                 had
                 undoubtedly
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 all
              
               Greece
               ,
               
                 lost
                 what
                 they
                 gain'd
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 began
                 to
                 oppress
                 their
                 Associates
                 and
                 Confederates
                 :
                 
                   For
                   the
                   Thrones
                   of
                   Princes
                   are
                   supported
                   by
                   Justice
                   and
                   Mercy
                   ,
                   but
                   are
                   overturn'd
                   by
                   Cruelty
                   and
                   Oppression
                   of
                   their
                   Subjects
                   .
                
                 As
                 we
                 may
                 see
                 in
                 the
                 Example
                 of
              
               Dionysius
               
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 of
              
               Syracuse
               ,
               
                 who
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 the
                 smiles
                 of
                 Fortune
                 above
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Princes
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 yet
                 Plots
                 were
                 to
                 intrap
                 him
                 all
                 his
                 Life
                 long
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 being
                 Assassinated
                 he
                 was
                 necessitated
                 to
                 wear
                 an
                 Iron
                 Breast-plate
                 upon
                 his
                 Coat
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 became
                 an
                 Instance
                 and
                 Example
                 of
                 the
                 Peoples
                 hatred
                 to
                 all
                 succeeding
                 Generations
                 .
                 But
                 we
                 shall
                 speak
                 of
                 these
                 things
              
               
               
                 in
                 their
                 proper
                 Places
              
               .
            
             
               
                 And
                 now
                 we
                 come
                 to
                 those
                 Affairs
                 that
                 have
                 a
                 Coherence
                 with
                 them
                 before
                 related
                 ,
                 only
                 distinguish'd
                 by
                 difference
                 of
                 Times
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 the
                 foregoing
                 Books
                 we
                 have
                 treated
                 of
                 Things
                 that
                 were
                 done
                 from
                 the
                 sacking
                 of
              
               Troy
               ,
               
                 to
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 the
              
               Peloponnesian
               
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 the
              
               Athenian
               Dynasty
               ;
               
                 which
                 comprehends
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Seven
                 hundred
                 Seventy
                 nine
                 Years
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 we
                 shall
                 add
                 what
                 next
                 follows
                 in
                 order
                 ,
                 and
                 begin
                 with
                 the
                 Thirty
                 Tyrants
                 of
              
               Athens
               ,
               
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 come
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Taking
                 of
              
               Rome
               
                 by
                 the
              
               Gauls
               ,
               
                 wherein
                 is
                 contain'd
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 Eighteen
                 Years
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 
                   A
                   Peace
                   between
                   the
                   Athenians
                   and
                   Lacedaemonians
                   .
                   The
                   Athenians
                   disagree
                   about
                   the
                   Manner
                   of
                   their
                   Government
                   .
                   The
                   Government
                   by
                   Thirty
                   .
                   The
                   Cruelty
                   of
                   the
                   Thirty
                   Tyrants
                   ,
                   and
                   especially
                   towards
                   Theramenes
                   .
                
              
               
                 BY
                 the
                 Dissolution
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 at
                 Athens
                 (
                 which
                 happen'd
                 the
                 Seven
                 hundred
                 and
                 Eightieth
                 year
                 current
                 from
                 the
                 Destruction
                 of
                 Troy
                 )
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 involv'd
                 in
                 an
                 
                 Anarchy
                 ;
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 werefour
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 appointed
                 at
                 Rome
                 to
                 execute
                 the
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 
                   Caius
                   Furius
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Servilius
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Valerius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Numerius
                   Fabius
                
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 Year
                 was
                 celebrated
                 the
                 Ninety
                 Fourth
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Cocynas
                 of
                 Larissa
                 was
                 Victor
                 .
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 their
                 Power
                 being
                 broken
                 )
                 obtain'd
                 a
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 liberty
                 to
                 govern
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 ,
                 upon
                 Condition
                 they
                 demolish'd
                 their
                 Walls
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 pull'd
                 down
                 accordingly
                 ,
                 but
                 could
                 not
                 agree
                 among
                 themselves
                 about
                 the
                 Form
                 of
                 their
                 Government
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 for
                 an
                 Oligarchy
                 gave
                 their
                 Votes
                 for
                 the
                 restoring
                 that
                 ancient
                 Government
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 who
                 stood
                 up
                 for
                 the
                 Democracy
                 ,
                 preferr'd
                 the
                 Government
                 by
                 the
                 Senators
                 ,
                 declaring
                 that
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 truest
                 Democracy
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 this
                 banding
                 one
                 against
                 another
                 had
                 continu'd
                 some
                 days
                 ;
                 they
                 for
                 the
                 Oligarchy
                 sent
                 to
                 Lysander
                 the
                 Spartan
                 ,
                 hoping
                 thereby
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Point
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 he
                 was
                 order'd
                 (
                 now
                 the
                 War
                 was
                 at
                 an
                 End
                 )
                 to
                 settle
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 every
                 Place
                 he
                 set
                 up
                 an
                 Oligarchy
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 they
                 sail'd
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 Samos
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 then
                 was
                 ,
                 having
                 lately
                 taken
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 arriv'd
                 and
                 had
                 crav'd
                 his
                 assistance
                 he
                 promis'd
                 them
                 his
                 Aid
                 ;
                 and
                 thereupon
                 (
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 Thorax
                 Governor
                 of
                 Samos
                 )
                 pass'd
                 over
                 to
                 the
                 Pireum
                 with
                 an
                 hundred
                 Sail.
                 Then
                 calling
                 a
                 General
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 he
                 advis'd
                 them
                 to
                 chuse
                 Thirty
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 should
                 Govern
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 ,
                 and
                 Manage
                 all
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Theramenes
                 oppos'd
                 this
                 Proposal
                 ,
                 repeating
                 the
                 Articles
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Peace
                 ,
                 whereby
                 it
                 was
                 agreed
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 govern'd
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ;
                 and
                 declar'd
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 most
                 intolerable
                 piece
                 of
                 Injustice
                 ,
                 
                 if
                 (
                 against
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Ties
                 of
                 an
                 Oath
                 )
                 their
                 Liberties
                 must
                 be
                 thus
                 ravish'd
                 from
                 them
                 .
                 Lysander
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Athenians
                 had
                 first
                 broken
                 the
                 League
                 themselves
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 pull
                 down
                 their
                 Walls
                 within
                 the
                 time
                 agreed
                 ,
                 and
                 grievously
                 threaten'd
                 Theramenes
                 ,
                 and
                 told
                 him
                 ,
                 That
                 unless
                 he
                 desisted
                 from
                 his
                 Oppositions
                 against
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 put
                 him
                 to
                 Death
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 both
                 Theramenes
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 being
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Fright
                 ,
                 were
                 forc'd
                 by
                 a
                 general
                 suffrage
                 to
                 abolish
                 the
                 Democracy
                 :
                 and
                 Thirty
                 Men
                 were
                 forthwith
                 chosen
                 to
                 be
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 Common-Wealth
                 ,
                 in
                 Name
                 call'd
                 
                   Fit
                   Magistrates
                
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 Deed
                 and
                 in
                 Truth
                 nothing
                 but
                 Tyrants
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 the
                 Justice
                 and
                 Moderation
                 of
                 Theramene
                 
                 was
                 evidently
                 discern'd
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 they
                 judg'd
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 Bridle
                 to
                 the
                 Covetousness
                 
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 those
                 plac'd
                 over
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 thefore
                 chose
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Thirty
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Duty
                 and
                 Office
                 of
                 these
                 Men
                 was
                 to
                 chuse
                 the
                 Members
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 ;
                 to
                 create
                 Magistrates
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 Laws
                 for
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 forbore
                 to
                 make
                 any
                 Laws
                 upon
                 many
                 specious
                 pretences
                 .
                 Yet
                 they
                 fill'd
                 the
                 Senate
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 
                 Places
                 in
                 the
                 Magistracy
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 Creatures
                 ;
                 who
                 were
                 call'd
                 Pretors
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 truth
                 ,
                 were
                 meerly
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 Tools
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 first
                 they
                 executed
                 Justice
                 upon
                 Malefactors
                 with
                 great
                 Severity
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 putting
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 Death
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 as
                 yet
                 they
                 were
                 well
                 spoken
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 commended
                 by
                 every
                 honest
                 Citizen
                 .
                 But
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 be
                 Lawless
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 up
                 an
                 Arbitrary
                 
                 Power
                 :
                 they
                 sent
                 for
                 a
                 Garison
                 from
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 upon
                 pretence
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 mould
                 all
                 things
                 in
                 the
                 Government
                 to
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 their
                 Interest
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 knew
                 very
                 well
                 that
                 without
                 a
                 Foreign
                 Force
                 ,
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 execute
                 those
                 Slaughters
                 and
                 Butcheries
                 they
                 design'd
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 all
                 would
                 as
                 one
                 Man
                 rise
                 up
                 against
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 defence
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Garison
                 from
                 Lacedaemon
                 was
                 come
                 ,
                 they
                 presently
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Governor
                 Callibius
                 ,
                 with
                 Bribes
                 and
                 other
                 fawning
                 and
                 flattering
                 Addresses
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 singled
                 out
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 richest
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 they
                 thought
                 fit
                 ,
                 and
                 charging
                 them
                 as
                 Innovators
                 ,
                 and
                 Plotters
                 against
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 put
                 them
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 consiscated
                 their
                 Estates
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 Theramenes
                 oppos'd
                 his
                 Collegues
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 Zealous
                 for
                 the
                 Common-Wealth
                 )
                 stood
                 up
                 for
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 their
                 Liberties
                 ;
                 the
                 Thirty
                 call'd
                 a
                 Senate
                 ,
                 in
                 
                 
                 which
                 Critias
                 ,
                 the
                 President
                 ,
                 loads
                 Theramenes
                 with
                 many
                 grievous
                 Crimes
                 ,
                 and
                 chiefly
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 betray'd
                 that
                 Government
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Administration
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 himself
                 voluntarily
                 accepted
                 a
                 share
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 Theramenes
                 ,
                 in
                 Answer
                 to
                 what
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 so
                 clear'd
                 himself
                 of
                 every
                 particular
                 laid
                 to
                 his
                 Charge
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 gain'd
                 the
                 good
                 Opinion
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Senate
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Critias
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Faction
                 ,
                 (
                 being
                 afraid
                 lest
                 this
                 Man
                 should
                 
                 overturn
                 the
                 Oligarchy
                 )
                 surrounded
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Swords
                 drawn
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 intent
                 forthwith
                 to
                 seize
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Theramenes
                 foreseeing
                 their
                 purpose
                 ,
                 rushes
                 through
                 ,
                 and
                 flies
                 to
                 the
                 Altar
                 in
                 the
                 
                 Senate-house
                 ,
                 crying
                 out
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 not
                 that
                 he
                 hop'd
                 thereby
                 to
                 save
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 Impiety
                 of
                 his
                 Murtherers
                 might
                 be
                 the
                 more
                 aggravated
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 violation
                 of
                 the
                 Sacreds
                 of
                 their
                 Religion
                 :
                 But
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 thence
                 violently
                 hal'd
                 by
                 the
                 *
                 Lictors
                 ,
                 yet
                 bore
                 all
                 with
                 an
                 undaunted
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 being
                 well
                 principled
                 in
                 the
                 Precepts
                 of
                 Philosophy
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 late
                 Master
                 Socrates
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 generally
                 lamented
                 his
                 sad
                 Misfortune
                 ,
                 and
                 unworthy
                 Usage
                 ;
                 but
                 none
                 durst
                 rescue
                 him
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 clos'd
                 him
                 round
                 .
                 But
                 Socrates
                 the
                 Philosopher
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 of
                 his
                 Servants
                 ran
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 hinder
                 the
                 Lictors
                 .
                 But
                 Theramenes
                 intreated
                 them
                 they
                 would
                 forbear
                 ,
                 declaring
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 but
                 honour
                 their
                 Love
                 and
                 Courage
                 shew'd
                 on
                 his
                 behalf
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 his
                 greatest
                 Misery
                 if
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 Cause
                 of
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 so
                 greatly
                 lov'd
                 him
                 .
                 Socrates
                 therefore
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 (
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 none
                 to
                 come
                 in
                 to
                 their
                 assistance
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 
                 the
                 stronger
                 Faction
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 increas'd
                 )
                 let
                 fall
                 their
                 design
                 .
                 Theramenes
                 thus
                 forc'd
                 from
                 the
                 Altars
                 ,
                 was
                 led
                 through
                 the
                 Market-place
                 to
                 Execution
                 by
                 the
                 Officers
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 him
                 in
                 charge
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 common
                 People
                 (
                 affrighted
                 with
                 the
                 arm'd
                 Men
                 )
                 
                 while
                 they
                 bewail'd
                 the
                 Condition
                 of
                 this
                 miserable
                 Man
                 (
                 as
                 one
                 most
                 unjustly
                 condemn'd
                 )
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 likewise
                 deplor'd
                 their
                 own
                 Bondage
                 and
                 Slavery
                 .
                 For
                 every
                 poor
                 Man
                 seeing
                 the
                 Virtue
                 of
                 Theramenes
                 so
                 despis'd
                 and
                 trampled
                 under
                 foot
                 ,
                 foresaw
                 that
                 they
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 mean
                 and
                 low
                 Condition
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 valu'd
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 things
                 set
                 behind
                 the
                 Door
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 they
                 had
                 executed
                 him
                 ,
                 the
                 Thirty
                 ,
                 upon
                 false
                 Accusations
                 ,
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 several
                 
                 others
                 of
                 the
                 rich
                 Men
                 whom
                 they
                 had
                 written
                 down
                 in
                 a
                 List
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 dead
                 ,
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 all
                 they
                 had
                 :
                 Among
                 whom
                 was
                 Niceratus
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Nicias
                 the
                 General
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 formerly
                 sent
                 against
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 civil
                 and
                 courteous
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 the
                 Richest
                 and
                 of
                 greatest
                 Interest
                 of
                 any
                 Man
                 in
                 Athens
                 ;
                 there
                 was
                 not
                 therefore
                 a
                 Family
                 but
                 it
                 lamented
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 the
                 Memory
                 of
                 his
                 kind
                 and
                 sweet
                 Disposition
                 forcing
                 Tears
                 from
                 every
                 one
                 .
                 yet
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 did
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 remit
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 their
                 acts
                 of
                 Injustice
                 and
                 Violence
                 ,
                 but
                 growing
                 still
                 rather
                 worse
                 and
                 worse
                 in
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Villanies
                 ,
                 they
                 cut
                 the
                 Throats
                 of
                 Threescore
                 of
                 the
                 richest
                 Men
                 in
                 
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 rowl
                 in
                 their
                 Estates
                 .
                 The
                 miserable
                 Citizens
                 being
                 thus
                 Slaughtered
                 and
                 Butchered
                 ,
                 every
                 day
                 ,
                 almost
                 all
                 that
                 had
                 any
                 thing
                 to
                 lose
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 they
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 Autolicus
                 ,
                 a
                 most
                 excellent
                 and
                 fluent
                 Orator
                 .
                 And
                 at
                 length
                 ,
                 every
                 Man
                 that
                 was
                 in
                 any
                 respect
                 Eminent
                 or
                 Remarkable
                 ,
                 they
                 sacrific'd
                 to
                 their
                 raging
                 Lusts
                 .
                 By
                 these
                 Cruelties
                 they
                 so
                 wasted
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 that
                 above
                 
                 one
                 half
                 of
                 its
                 Inhabitants
                 ran
                 away
                 and
                 left
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 although
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 saw
                 the
                 City
                 thus
                 spoil'd
                 and
                 ruin'd
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 laugh'd
                 in
                 their
                 Sleeves
                 ,
                 having
                 no
                 desire
                 it
                 should
                 ever
                 recover
                 its
                 strength
                 any
                 more
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 very
                 evident
                 by
                 many
                 convincing
                 arguments
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 Decree
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Fugitives
                 from
                 Athens
                 in
                 every
                 part
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 carry'd
                 back
                 bound
                 to
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 ;
                 and
                 whosoever
                 did
                 oppose
                 the
                 Execution
                 of
                 this
                 Decree
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 fin'd
                 Five
                 Talents
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 was
                 in
                 truth
                 look'd
                 upon
                 as
                 a
                 very
                 cruel
                 and
                 inhumane
                 Edict
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 other
                 Cities
                 stood
                 so
                 much
                 in
                 awe
                 of
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 every
                 where
                 obey'd
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Argives
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 shew'd
                 their
                 Abhorrence
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedaemonian
                 cruelty
                 ,
                 and
                 pitying
                 the
                 miserable
                 Condition
                 of
                 the
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 receiv'd
                 them
                 with
                 all
                 tenderness
                 of
                 Compassion
                 .
                 The
                 Thebans
                 likewise
                 decreed
                 a
                 Mulct
                 to
                 be
                 impos'd
                 upon
                 him
                 that
                 did
                 not
                 to
                 his
                 power
                 assist
                 any
                 Fugitive
                 whom
                 he
                 saw
                 to
                 be
                 carry'd
                 away
                 by
                 Force
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 pass
                 were
                 brought
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Athens
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 II.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Dionysius
                   his
                   Projects
                   to
                   strengthen
                   himself
                   in
                   the
                   Sovereignty
                   of
                   Sicily
                   .
                   The
                   Syracusians
                   Revolt
                   .
                   They
                   are
                   dispersed
                   .
                
              
               
                 IN
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Dionysius
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Sicily
                 having
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 
                 bent
                 all
                 his
                 Care
                 to
                 strengthen
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 judg'd
                 that
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 now
                 brought
                 under
                 by
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 had
                 nothing
                 to
                 do
                 but
                 to
                 seek
                 after
                 the
                 recovery
                 of
                 their
                 Liberty
                 .
                 Perceiving
                 therefore
                 the
                 Island
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 naturally
                 fortify'd
                 )
                 would
                 be
                 easily
                 defended
                 by
                 a
                 small
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 he
                 divided
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 by
                 a
                 strong
                 Wall
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 built
                 many
                 high
                 Towers
                 ,
                 near
                 one
                 to
                 
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 under
                 it
                 Guard-houses
                 and
                 Lodgings
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 contain
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 Men
                 :
                 He
                 built
                 likewise
                 there
                 at
                 great
                 expence
                 a
                 *
                 Castle
                 which
                 commanded
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 a
                 shelter
                 ready
                 to
                 fly
                 to
                 upon
                 any
                 suddain
                 commotion
                 ;
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Wall
                 he
                 took
                 in
                 the
                 Arsenal
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 little
                 Port
                 call'd
                 Laccius
                 capable
                 to
                 receive
                 Threescore
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 a
                 Gate
                 through
                 which
                 only
                 one
                 Ship
                 at
                 a
                 time
                 could
                 enter
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 mark'd
                 out
                 the
                 best
                 pieces
                 of
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 them
                 to
                 his
                 Friends
                 and
                 Officers
                 :
                 the
                 rest
                 he
                 equally
                 distributed
                 amongst
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Citizens
                 he
                 accounted
                 Manumitted
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 them
                 
                   Neopolites
                   ,
                   New
                   Citizens
                
                 .
                 He
                 bestowed
                 likewise
                 Houses
                 every
                 where
                 upon
                 the
                 common
                 People
                 (
                 except
                 those
                 Houses
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 )
                 and
                 those
                 he
                 gave
                 as
                 a
                 Reward
                 to
                 his
                 Friends
                 and
                 Mercenaries
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 now
                 firmly
                 fix'd
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 Throne
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 conceiv'd
                 )
                 he
                 march'd
                 out
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 being
                 them
                 into
                 Slavery
                 ,
                 who
                 as
                 yet
                 were
                 free
                 ,
                 especially
                 those
                 who
                 had
                 lately
                 assisted
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 he
                 lay
                 
                 before
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Herbessus
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 himself
                 with
                 every
                 thing
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Siege
                 .
                 They
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 that
                 were
                 listed
                 upon
                 this
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 having
                 got
                 Arms
                 into
                 their
                 hands
                 ,
                 met
                 together
                 in
                 private
                 Cabals
                 ,
                 and
                 blam'd
                 one
                 another
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 assist
                 the
                 Horsmen
                 in
                 deposing
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 .
                 It
                 happen'd
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 that
                 one
                 of
                 
                 Dionysius's
                 Captains
                 threatning
                 a
                 Soldier
                 for
                 his
                 saucy
                 Language
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 offering
                 to
                 beat
                 him
                 upon
                 his
                 sharp
                 Retorts
                 ,
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 so
                 enrag'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Officer
                 ,
                 whose
                 Name
                 was
                 Doricus
                 ;
                 and
                 calling
                 out
                 with
                 a
                 loud
                 voice
                 to
                 the
                 Citizens
                 to
                 
                 stand
                 up
                 for
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 for
                 the
                 Horse
                 from
                 Aetna
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 left
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 and
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 that
                 Castle
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 being
                 now
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 the
                 defection
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 broke
                 up
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 hasts
                 away
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 possess
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 before
                 any
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
                 Upon
                 his
                 flight
                 thither
                 the
                 Fomenters
                 of
                 the
                 Rebellion
                 created
                 them
                 their
                 Captains
                 and
                 Leaders
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Officer
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Horse
                 from
                 Aetna
                 ,
                 they
                 encampt
                 in
                 the
                 *
                 Epipoli
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 call'd
                 )
                 lying
                 over
                 against
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 blocking
                 up
                 his
                 passage
                 into
                 the
                 open
                 Field
                 .
                 These
                 Revolters
                 likewise
                 continually
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 to
                 Messina
                 and
                 Rhegium
                 to
                 sollicit
                 their
                 aid
                 at
                 Sea
                 for
                 the
                 recovery
                 of
                 their
                 Liberty
                 .
                 For
                 these
                 Cities
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 commonly
                 set
                 forth
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Fourscore
                 Gallies
                 well
                 Mann'd
                 which
                 they
                 then
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 to
                 assist
                 them
                 .
                 Besides
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 they
                 in
                 the
                 Epipoli
                 promis'd
                 by
                 the
                 Common
                 Cryer
                 a
                 great
                 reward
                 to
                 him
                 that
                 should
                 kill
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ;
                 and
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 Enfranchize
                 all
                 Foreigners
                 that
                 would
                 come
                 over
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 having
                 provided
                 Engines
                 for
                 the
                 battering
                 down
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 they
                 Assaulted
                 the
                 Island
                 every
                 day
                 ,
                 and
                 kindly
                 receiv'd
                 all
                 Strangers
                 that
                 came
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 
                 seeing
                 himself
                 forsaken
                 of
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 straitly
                 penn'd
                 up
                 ,
                 call'd
                 his
                 Friends
                 together
                 to
                 consult
                 what
                 was
                 best
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Exigency
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 so
                 far
                 despair'd
                 of
                 keeping
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 seek
                 how
                 he
                 might
                 subdue
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 what
                 kind
                 of
                 Death
                 he
                 might
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 his
                 Life
                 ;
                 lest
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 forc'd
                 to
                 a
                 shameful
                 Abdication
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 .
                 Heloris
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 (
                 but
                 others
                 say
                 the
                 Poet
                 his
                 Father
                 )
                 told
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 memory
                 of
                 his
                 being
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 the
                 Glorious
                 Ornament
                 of
                 his
                 Sepulcher
                 ;
                 and
                 Polyxenus
                 his
                 Father-in-law
                 advis'd
                 him
                 to
                 break
                 through
                 upon
                 the
                 swiftest
                 Horse
                 he
                 had
                 ,
                 and
                 get
                 away
                 to
                 those
                 parts
                 under
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 crave
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 Campanians
                 ,
                 whom
                 Imilcar
                 had
                 left
                 to
                 defend
                 his
                 Conquests
                 in
                 Sicily
                 .
                 But
                 Philistus
                 (
                 who
                 afterwards
                 writ
                 the
                 History
                 )
                 gainsaid
                 Polyxenus
                 ,
                 and
                 said
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 it
                 doth
                 not
                 become
                 thee
                 by
                 the
                 swiftness
                 of
                 thy
                 Horse
                 to
                 fly
                 away
                 from
                 thy
                 Principality
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 *
                 with
                 thy
                 whole
                 strength
                 to
                 hold
                 it
                 fast
                 within
                 thy
                 very
                 Thighs
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 clos'd
                 with
                 this
                 Advice
                 ,
                 and
                 resolv'd
                 
                 to
                 suffer
                 any
                 thing
                 rather
                 than
                 voluntarily
                 lay
                 down
                 the
                 Power
                 he
                 had
                 gain'd
                 .
                 Whereup-upon
                 he
                 sent
                 Commissioners
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 Rebellion
                 to
                 desire
                 liberty
                 for
                 himself
                 and
                 those
                 with
                 him
                 to
                 depart
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 a
                 Messenger
                 was
                 secretly
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Campanians
                 to
                 promise
                 them
                 as
                 much
                 Money
                 as
                 they
                 should
                 demand
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 would
                 come
                 and
                 raise
                 the
                 Siege
                 .
                 Matters
                 being
                 agreed
                 upon
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 consented
                 that
                 
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 should
                 have
                 liberty
                 to
                 be
                 gone
                 with
                 Five
                 Ships
                 only
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 things
                 began
                 to
                 cool
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 lay
                 at
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 were
                 discharg'd
                 and
                 drawn
                 off
                 as
                 useless
                 ;
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Foot
                 rov'd
                 about
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 had
                 now
                 been
                 altogether
                 at
                 an
                 end
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Campanians
                 encourag'd
                 by
                 such
                 generous
                 Promises
                 ,
                 first
                 march'd
                 to
                 Aegyrus
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 leaving
                 their
                 Baggage
                 with
                 Aegyris
                 
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 with
                 Twelve
                 hundred
                 Light
                 Horse
                 speeded
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ;
                 where
                 suddainly
                 arriving
                 ,
                 they
                 surpriz'd
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 and
                 killing
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 broke
                 through
                 into
                 the
                 Fort
                 to
                 Dionysius
                 .
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Mercenaries
                 arriv'd
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 now
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 pluck
                 up
                 his
                 Spirits
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 when
                 they
                 perceiv'd
                 that
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 began
                 to
                 gather
                 strength
                 again
                 ,
                 were
                 divided
                 into
                 Parties
                 ,
                 some
                 were
                 for
                 continuing
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 others
                 were
                 for
                 disbanding
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 leaving
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 Dionysius
                 came
                 to
                 understand
                 this
                 ,
                 he
                 Sallies
                 out
                 with
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 ,
                 and
                 coming
                 upon
                 them
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 distraction
                 ,
                 
                 easily
                 put
                 them
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 and
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 place
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   New
                   City
                
                 :
                 Yet
                 he
                 kill'd
                 not
                 many
                 there
                 ;
                 for
                 riding
                 amongst
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 he
                 commanded
                 them
                 not
                 to
                 kill
                 those
                 that
                 fled
                 .
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 were
                 now
                 suddenly
                 scatter'd
                 all
                 over
                 the
                 Fields
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 while
                 after
                 above
                 Seven
                 thousand
                 in
                 a
                 body
                 came
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Horsemen
                 ,
                 and
                 surrendred
                 themselves
                 .
                 After
                 the
                 Burial
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 that
                 were
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 to
                 Aetna
                 to
                 invite
                 the
                 Exiles
                 there
                 to
                 lay
                 aside
                 their
                 animosities
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 faithfully
                 promising
                 them
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 pardon
                 and
                 forget
                 all
                 that
                 was
                 past
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 some
                 who
                 had
                 left
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 behind
                 them
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 irresistible
                 force
                 of
                 natural
                 Affection
                 )
                 comply'd
                 with
                 the
                 invitation
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 (
                 when
                 the
                 Messengers
                 cry'd
                 up
                 his
                 Humanity
                 in
                 burying
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 )
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 That
                 Dionysius
                 
                   himself
                   deserv'd
                   no
                   other
                   Courtesie
                
                 ,
                 and
                 pray'd
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 presently
                 meet
                 with
                 
                 it
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 these
                 at
                 Aetna
                 could
                 not
                 by
                 any
                 means
                 be
                 wrought
                 upon
                 to
                 trust
                 the
                 Tyrant's
                 Word
                 ,
                 but
                 continu'd
                 at
                 Aetna
                 ,
                 waiting
                 for
                 a
                 fit
                 opportunity
                 to
                 pull
                 him
                 down
                 .
              
               
                 Dionysius
                 carry'd
                 himself
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Respect
                 and
                 Tenderness
                 imaginable
                 towards
                 those
                 that
                 return'd
                 ,
                 to
                 encourage
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 come
                 back
                 to
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 discharg'd
                 the
                 Campanians
                 with
                 great
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 durst
                 not
                 trust
                 their
                 fickle
                 and
                 unconstant
                 Humour
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 Entella
                 they
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 the
                 Citizens
                 to
                 receive
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 infranchise
                 them
                 as
                 natural
                 Inhabitants
                 :
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 they
                 treacherously
                 
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Townsmen
                 and
                 cut
                 all
                 their
                 Throats
                 ,
                 and
                 Marrying
                 their
                 Wives
                 ,
                 possest
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 III.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Lacedemonians
                   establish
                   an
                   Oligarchy
                   in
                   every
                   City
                   ;
                   Dionysius
                   disarms
                   the
                   
                     Syracusians
                     .
                     Alcibiades
                  
                   kill'd
                   ;
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   his
                   death
                   .
                   Clearchus
                   his
                   Tyranny
                   in
                   Bizantium
                   .
                   The
                   Battle
                   of
                   Porus
                   by
                   him
                   against
                   his
                   Country-men
                   the
                   
                     Lacedemonians
                     .
                     Lysander
                  
                   projects
                   to
                   out
                   the
                   Heraclides
                   of
                   the
                   Sovereign
                   Power
                   .
                
              
               
                 IN
                 Greece
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Peloponnesian
                 War
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 general
                 consent
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 had
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 both
                 at
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land.
                 Whereupon
                 they
                 Created
                 Lysander
                 again
                 High
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 with
                 Power
                 to
                 establish
                 the
                 *
                 Hermoste
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 call'd
                 them
                 )
                 in
                 every
                 City
                 where-ever
                 he
                 came
                 .
                 For
                 because
                 the
                 Democratiste
                 were
                 Enemies
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 they
                 order'd
                 an
                 Oligarchy
                 to
                 be
                 setled
                 in
                 every
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 impos'd
                 a
                 Tribute
                 upon
                 all
                 they
                 subdu'd
                 .
                 And
                 althô
                 they
                 made
                 no
                 use
                 of
                 Money
                 at
                 any
                 
                 time
                 before
                 ,
                 yet
                 now
                 they
                 Treasur'd
                 up
                 from
                 the
                 Tributes
                 paid
                 in
                 by
                 the
                 Cities
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Talents
                 every
                 Year
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 they
                 had
                 setled
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 thought
                 best
                 for
                 the
                 support
                 of
                 their
                 
                 Authority
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 Aristus
                 ,
                 a
                 Noble
                 Person
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 under
                 colour
                 to
                 abrogate
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 truth
                 and
                 underhand
                 to
                 confirm
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 concluded
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 
                 were
                 instrumental
                 to
                 fix
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 new
                 got
                 Empire
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 ever
                 oblige
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Friend
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 Aristus
                 after
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 had
                 private
                 Conference
                 with
                 Dionysius
                 concerning
                 these
                 Matters
                 ;
                 and
                 yet
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 encourag'd
                 the
                 People
                 with
                 fair
                 promises
                 to
                 restore
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 Liberties
                 :
                 But
                 instead
                 of
                 that
                 he
                 betraid
                 Nicoteles
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 who
                 trusted
                 in
                 his
                 Fidelity
                 ,
                 and
                 caus'd
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 strengthn'd
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 so
                 base
                 an
                 Act
                 stain'd
                 his
                 own
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 and
                 dishonour'd
                 his
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 had
                 left
                 the
                 City
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Harvest
                 ,
                 to
                 gather
                 the
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 enters
                 into
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 their
                 Houses
                 ,
                 and
                 takes
                 away
                 all
                 the
                 
                 Arms
                 he
                 could
                 find
                 :
                 and
                 presently
                 after
                 draws
                 another
                 Wall
                 about
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 builds
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 and
                 takes
                 into
                 Pay
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 and
                 prepares
                 whatever
                 was
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 supporting
                 of
                 his
                 Dominion
                 ;
                 having
                 experienc'd
                 that
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 would
                 endure
                 any
                 thing
                 rather
                 than
                 Slavery
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 acting
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 Pharnabazus
                 ,
                 Darius's
                 Lord-Lieutenant
                 ,
                 to
                 gratifie
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 surpriz'd
                 Alcibiades
                 and
                 kill'd
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 regard
                 Ephorus
                 
                 gives
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 other
                 things
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 causes
                 of
                 his
                 death
                 ;
                 I
                 conceive
                 it
                 may
                 not
                 be
                 altogether
                 unprofitable
                 if
                 we
                 relate
                 what
                 this
                 Author
                 hath
                 recorded
                 concerning
                 the
                 manner
                 how
                 Alcibiades
                 lost
                 his
                 Life
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 his
                 Seventeenth
                 Book
                 he
                 says
                 ,
                 that
                 Cyrus
                 secretly
                 compacted
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 against
                 Artaxerxes
                 ,
                 which
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 Ears
                 of
                 Alcibiades
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 hasts
                 away
                 
                 to
                 Pharnabazus
                 ,
                 and
                 informs
                 him
                 of
                 the
                 Intrigue
                 ,
                 and
                 desires
                 from
                 him
                 a
                 Passport
                 to
                 go
                 to
                 Artaxerxes
                 ,
                 judging
                 it
                 fittest
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 give
                 the
                 first
                 information
                 of
                 the
                 Conspiracy
                 to
                 the
                 King.
                 But
                 that
                 when
                 Pharnabazus
                 heard
                 this
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 first
                 discoverer
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 forthwith
                 sent
                 a
                 Messenger
                 in
                 whom
                 he
                 could
                 most
                 confide
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 him
                 laid
                 all
                 open
                 before
                 the
                 King.
                 That
                 when
                 Alcibiades
                 saw
                 that
                 Pharnabazus
                 would
                 not
                 
                 furnish
                 him
                 with
                 Letters
                 to
                 make
                 way
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 King's
                 Palace
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 Journey
                 to
                 the
                 Lieutenant
                 and
                 Governor
                 of
                 Paphlagonia
                 ,
                 and
                 desir'd
                 his
                 assistance
                 to
                 get
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 Pharnabazus
                 fearing
                 lest
                 the
                 King
                 should
                 come
                 to
                 understand
                 the
                 Truth
                 ,
                 sent
                 some
                 to
                 lie
                 in
                 wait
                 for
                 Alcibiades
                 in
                 the
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 murther
                 him
                 :
                 and
                 that
                 these
                 finding
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Inn
                 in
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 up
                 a
                 Pile
                 of
                 Wood
                 round
                 his
                 Lodging
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 it
                 on
                 fire
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Alcibiades
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 save
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Flames
                 ,
                 partly
                 by
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 by
                 Darts
                 cast
                 at
                 him
                 by
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 there
                 perish'd
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Democrates
                 the
                 Philosopher
                 died
                 ,
                 being
                 Ninety
                 Years
                 of
                 Age.
                 And
                 Lasthenes
                 the
                 Theban
                 who
                 wan
                 the
                 Prize
                 this
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 run
                 a
                 Race
                 on
                 foot
                 with
                 a
                 Running
                 Horse
                 ,
                 from
                 *
                 Coronea
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 and
                 won
                 the
                 Match
                 .
                 In
                 Italy
                 the
                 Volsci
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Roman
                 Garrison
                 at
                 *
                 Verugine
                 ,
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Garison-Soldiers
                 ,
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 thus
                 past
                 ,
                 Euclides
                 became
                 Chief
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 Athens
                 .
                 And
                 Four
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 bore
                 the
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 at
                 
                   Rome
                   ,
                   Publius
                   Cornelius
                   ,
                   Numerius
                   Fabius
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Valerius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Terentius
                   Maximus
                
                 .
                 During
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 their
                 Governments
                 ,
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Byzantium
                 were
                 but
                 in
                 an
                 ill
                 posture
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 intestine
                 Seditions
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Wars
                 with
                 the
                 Thracians
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 .
                 Not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 their
                 Civil
                 Discords
                 ,
                 they
                 desir'd
                 a
                 Governor
                 from
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 end
                 Clearchus
                 was
                 sent
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 after
                 the
                 whole
                 Power
                 was
                 put
                 into
                 his
                 hands
                 ,
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 acted
                 more
                 like
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 than
                 a
                 Governor
                 .
                 For
                 First
                 ,
                 having
                 invited
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 a
                 Feast
                 ,
                 after
                 a
                 publick
                 Sacrifice
                 
                 he
                 caus'd
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 .
                 Presently
                 after
                 when
                 there
                 was
                 none
                 left
                 to
                 Govern
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 strangled
                 Thirty
                 of
                 the
                 Chief
                 Men
                 of
                 Byzantium
                 ,
                 and
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 all
                 their
                 Goods
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 use
                 .
                 He
                 likewise
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 richest
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 under
                 colour
                 of
                 pretended
                 Crimes
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 he
                 banish'd
                 .
                 Having
                 thus
                 enrich'd
                 himself
                 ,
                 
                 he
                 Listed
                 vast
                 numbers
                 of
                 Foreign
                 Troops
                 ,
                 and
                 confirm'd
                 and
                 strengthen'd
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Cruelty
                 and
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 was
                 spread
                 abroad
                 ;
                 the
                 Lacdemonians
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 advise
                 him
                 to
                 lay
                 down
                 his
                 Government
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 flatly
                 refus'd
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 an
                 Army
                 against
                 him
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Panthedas
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 Clearchus
                 heard
                 of
                 his
                 coming
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 away
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 to
                 Selymbria
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 .
                 For
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 in
                 Byzantium
                 he
                 foresaw
                 ,
                 that
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Citizens
                 would
                 be
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 concluding
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 with
                 more
                 safety
                 march
                 out
                 against
                 his
                 Enemies
                 from
                 Selymbria
                 ,
                 he
                 brought
                 all
                 his
                 Money
                 together
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 thither
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 there
                 and
                 heard
                 of
                 the
                 approach
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 he
                 withdrew
                 out
                 to
                 meet
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 a
                 place
                 call'd
                 Porus
                 they
                 engag'd
                 .
                 The
                 Battle
                 was
                 doubtful
                 à
                 long
                 
                 time
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 valiant
                 Spartans
                 prevail'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 Army
                 was
                 miserably
                 
                 destroy'd
                 .
                 Clearchus
                 with
                 a
                 few
                 escap'd
                 to
                 Selymbria
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 there
                 a
                 while
                 besieg'd
                 ,
                 but
                 afterwards
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 fright
                 he
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 ,
                 and
                 sail'd
                 over
                 to
                 Jonia
                 ,
                 where
                 becoming
                 familiar
                 with
                 Cyrus
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 
                 Persia's
                 Brother
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 made
                 General
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 For
                 Cyrus
                 being
                 made
                 Chief
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Princes
                 and
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 of
                 an
                 high
                 and
                 aspiring
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 determin'd
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 against
                 his
                 Brother
                 Artaxerxes
                 ;
                 Looking
                 therefore
                 upon
                 Clearchus
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 fellow
                 of
                 a
                 bold
                 and
                 daring
                 Spirit
                 ready
                 for
                 any
                 adventure
                 ,
                 furnish'd
                 him
                 with
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 him
                 to
                 raise
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 as
                 many
                 Foreigners
                 as
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 hoping
                 he
                 had
                 new
                 got
                 fit
                 a
                 Companion
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 execution
                 of
                 those
                 bold
                 Attempts
                 he
                 had
                 taken
                 in
                 hand
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 Lysander
                 the
                 Spartan
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 setled
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 according
                 
                 to
                 the
                 Orders
                 and
                 Directions
                 of
                 the
                 Ephori
                 ,
                 some
                 to
                 be
                 govern'd
                 by
                 a
                 *
                 Decemvirate
                 ,
                 others
                 by
                 an
                 Oligarchy
                 ,
                 became
                 of
                 great
                 Note
                 and
                 Reputation
                 at
                 Sparta
                 :
                 For
                 by
                 his
                 Conduct
                 he
                 had
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 Peloponnesian
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 had
                 gain'd
                 for
                 his
                 Country
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 both
                 at
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 without
                 controul
                 .
                 Being
                 puft
                 up
                 with
                 this
                 Success
                 ,
                 he
                 design'd
                 to
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 the
                 Heraclidae
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 endeavour'd
                 so
                 to
                 contrive
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 procure
                 a
                 Decree
                 ,
                 That
                 any
                 Spartan
                 whatsoever
                 should
                 be
                 capable
                 of
                 being
                 elected
                 King.
                 Thereby
                 he
                 hop'd
                 that
                 the
                 Regal
                 Power
                 would
                 presently
                 be
                 devolv'd
                 upon
                 himself
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Great
                 and
                 Noble
                 Services
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 .
                 But
                 considering
                 that
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 were
                 led
                 much
                 by
                 
                 the
                 Answers
                 given
                 by
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 bribe
                 the
                 Prophetess
                 of
                 Delphos
                 with
                 a
                 large
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 concluded
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 favour'd
                 by
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 his
                 Business
                 was
                 done
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Heart's
                 desire
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 that
                 by
                 his
                 repeated
                 and
                 continual
                 Promises
                 of
                 Reward
                 ,
                 day
                 by
                 day
                 ,
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 prevail
                 ,
                 he
                 address'd
                 himself
                 upon
                 the
                 same
                 account
                 to
                 the
                 Priest
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 at
                 Dodona
                 ,
                 by
                 one
                 Pherecrates
                 of
                 the
                 Family
                 of
                 Apolloniatus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 familiarly
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 that
                 Temple
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 being
                 disappointed
                 here
                 likewise
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 a
                 Journey
                 to
                 *
                 Cerene
                 ,
                 under
                 colour
                 to
                 pay
                 a
                 Vow
                 to
                 
                   Jupiter
                   Hammon
                
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 truth
                 to
                 no
                 other
                 purpose
                 than
                 to
                 bribe
                 that
                 Oracle
                 :
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 he
                 carry'd
                 with
                 him
                 a
                 great
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 to
                 bring
                 over
                 the
                 Priests
                 of
                 that
                 Temple
                 to
                 his
                 Interest
                 :
                 For
                 Lybis
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 that
                 Country
                 ,
                 had
                 been
                 his
                 Father's
                 Guest
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 great
                 Love
                 and
                 Friendship
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Lysander
                 ,
                 was
                 call'd
                 Lybis
                 .
                 But
                 notwithstanding
                 all
                 his
                 hopes
                 to
                 prevail
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 Interest
                 in
                 the
                 King
                 and
                 the
                 Fulness
                 of
                 his
                 Purse
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 only
                 frustrated
                 of
                 his
                 
                 Hope
                 there
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Priests
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 and
                 accus'd
                 Lysander
                 for
                 his
                 offering
                 of
                 Bribes
                 to
                 corrupt
                 the
                 Oracle
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 return'd
                 to
                 Lacedaemon
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 call'd
                 to
                 answer
                 to
                 the
                 Charge
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 so
                 subtilly
                 manag'd
                 his
                 Cause
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 came
                 off
                 clear
                 ;
                 and
                 nothing
                 was
                 discern'd
                 concerning
                 his
                 Prospect
                 to
                 abolish
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 Heraclidae
                 .
                 But
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 after
                 his
                 death
                 ,
                 when
                 some
                 Notes
                 of
                 Accounts
                 were
                 sought
                 for
                 in
                 his
                 House
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 found
                 a
                 Speech
                 eloquently
                 penn'd
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 fram'd
                 to
                 persuade
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 King's
                 might
                 be
                 chosen
                 out
                 of
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Families
                 of
                 Sparta
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 IV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Dionysius
                   his
                   Actions
                   in
                   Sicily
                   .
                   The
                   Oropians
                   subdu'd
                   by
                   the
                   Thebans
                   .
                   The
                   Lacedaemonians
                   quarrel
                   with
                   the
                   
                     Eleans
                     .
                     Dionysius
                  
                   fortifies
                   the
                   Epipodae
                   .
                
              
               
                 AS
                 soon
                 as
                 Dionysius
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 Peace
                 made
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 had
                 quieted
                 all
                 at
                 home
                 ,
                 he
                 prepar'd
                 to
                 bring
                 all
                 the
                 Towns
                 and
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 Chalcideans
                 into
                 his
                 Power
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   Naxus
                   ,
                   Catana
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Leontiúm
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 more
                 earnest
                 to
                 gain
                 these
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 lay
                 near
                 unto
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 much
                 facilitate
                 the
                 Enlargement
                 of
                 his
                 Dominions
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 he
                 marches
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 to
                 Enna
                 ,
                 and
                 takes
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 the
                 Exiles
                 there
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 resist
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 Thence
                 he
                 goes
                 against
                 the
                 Leontines
                 ,
                 and
                 encamps
                 at
                 the
                 River
                 Tyria
                 ,
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 the
                 
                 City
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 presently
                 draws
                 out
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 sends
                 a
                 Trumpet
                 to
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 commanding
                 them
                 to
                 surrender
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 supposing
                 that
                 out
                 of
                 Fear
                 they
                 would
                 submit
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 perceiv'd
                 the
                 Leontines
                 slighted
                 his
                 Commands
                 ,
                 and
                 prepar'd
                 to
                 furnish
                 themselves
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 Siege
                 ;
                 having
                 not
                 then
                 with
                 him
                 his
                 Engines
                 of
                 Battery
                 ,
                 he
                 drew
                 off
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Country
                 round
                 about
                 .
              
               
                 Thence
                 he
                 march'd
                 against
                 the
                 Siculi
                 ,
                 pretending
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 People
                 he
                 chiefly
                 aim'd
                 at
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 thereby
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Naxians
                 and
                 Cataneans
                 the
                 more
                 secure
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 lay
                 near
                 to
                 Enna
                 ,
                 he
                 persuaded
                 Acimnestus
                 of
                 Enna
                 to
                 take
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 ,
                 promising
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 .
                 This
                 Acimnestus
                 accomplish'd
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 receive
                 Dionysius
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 storm
                 ,
                 and
                 change
                 his
                 Measures
                 ,
                 and
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 the
                 Enneans
                 to
                 throw
                 off
                 his
                 Authority
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 toregain
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 they
                 suddenly
                 ran
                 
                 together
                 arm'd
                 into
                 the
                 Market
                 place
                 ;
                 and
                 now
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 Tumult
                 and
                 Confusion
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 instant
                 Dionysius
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Sedition
                 ,
                 and
                 getting
                 together
                 his
                 trustiest
                 Friends
                 ,
                 he
                 advanc'd
                 to
                 a
                 Place
                 where
                 was
                 no
                 Guard
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 rushing
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 takes
                 Acimnestus
                 ,
                 and
                 delivers
                 him
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Wills
                 of
                 the
                 Enneans
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 without
                 doing
                 any
                 hurt
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 .
                 Not
                 that
                 he
                 did
                 this
                 either
                 out
                 of
                 Love
                 to
                 Justice
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 be
                 trusted
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 by
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 .
              
               
                 Removing
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 he
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 *
                 Erbita
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 succeeding
                 there
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 led
                 away
                 his
                 Army
                 against
                 Catana
                 ;
                 for
                 Arcesilaus
                 the
                 Governor
                 had
                 promis'd
                 to
                 betray
                 it
                 :
                 And
                 in
                 accomplishment
                 of
                 his
                 Treachery
                 ,
                 about
                 midnight
                 let
                 him
                 in
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 he
                 gain'd
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 disarm'd
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 there
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Garison
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 Procles
                 the
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Naxians
                 (
                 won
                 over
                 by
                 Promises
                 of
                 great
                 Rewards
                 )
                 betray'd
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 Dionysius
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 rewarded
                 the
                 Traitor
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 all
                 his
                 Kindred
                 at
                 liberty
                 ,
                 he
                 raz'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 the
                 Spoil
                 thereof
                 to
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 as
                 Slaves
                 .
                 He
                 dealt
                 not
                 better
                 with
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Catana
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 *
                 sold
                 for
                 Slaves
                 to
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 The
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Naxians
                 he
                 gave
                 to
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Catana
                 he
                 bestow'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Campanians
                 for
                 an
                 Habitation
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 thence
                 he
                 again
                 mov'd
                 to
                 Leontum
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 it
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 Messengers
                 requir'd
                 them
                 to
                 submit
                 to
                 his
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 join
                 themselves
                 as
                 one
                 Body
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 .
                 The
                 Leontines
                 seeing
                 no
                 hope
                 of
                 Relief
                 ,
                 and
                 considering
                 the
                 ruine
                 of
                 the
                 Naxians
                 and
                 Cataneans
                 ,
                 were
                 seiz'd
                 with
                 great
                 terror
                 ,
                 lest
                 they
                 themselves
                 should
                 be
                 swallow'd
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 like
                 destruction
                 ,
                 therefore
                 they
                 concluded
                 it
                 most
                 advisable
                 to
                 yield
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 submitted
                 to
                 the
                 Conditions
                 offered
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 .
              
               
                 Archonide
                 ,
                 Prince
                 of
                 the
                 Erbitans
                 (
                 after
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Erbita
                 had
                 made
                 peace
                 with
                 Dionysius
                 determin'd
                 to
                 build
                 a
                 new
                 City
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 had
                 many
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 mixt
                 multitude
                 
                 of
                 Strangers
                 who
                 fled
                 thither
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 by
                 Dionysius
                 ;
                 and
                 many
                 likewise
                 of
                 Erbita
                 freely
                 gave
                 up
                 their
                 Names
                 to
                 follow
                 him
                 to
                 this
                 new
                 intended
                 Colony
                 .
                 With
                 this
                 multitude
                 he
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 a
                 little
                 Hill
                 ,
                 Eight
                 *
                 Stages
                 or
                 Furlongs
                 from
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 laid
                 the
                 foundation
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 Alesa
                 :
                 But
                 because
                 there
                 were
                 other
                 Cities
                 in
                 Sicily
                 that
                 bore
                 that
                 name
                 ,
                 he
                 added
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 a
                 Sirname
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 it
                 from
                 himself
                 
                   Alesa
                   Archonidis
                
                 .
                 In
                 process
                 of
                 time
                 when
                 the
                 City
                 abounded
                 in
                 wealth
                 ,
                 partly
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 its
                 Traffick
                 by
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 Priviledges
                 granted
                 to
                 it
                 by
                 the
                 Romans
                 :
                 
              
               
               
               
                 a
                 great
                 desire
                 to
                 finish
                 this
                 Fortification
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 he
                 gets
                 together
                 a
                 great
                 multitude
                 from
                 all
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 chose
                 Threescore
                 thousand
                 that
                 were
                 Free-Men
                 and
                 fit
                 for
                 his
                 purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 proportion'd
                 the
                 several
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Work
                 amongst
                 them
                 .
                 To
                 every
                 Furlong
                 he
                 order'd
                 an
                 Overseer
                 or
                 Master-Workman
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 every
                 *
                 Plethrum
                 a
                 Mason
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Labourers
                 .
                 Besides
                 these
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 were
                 imploy'd
                 in
                 cutting
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Quarries
                 rough
                 and
                 unwrought
                 Stone
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 had
                 likewise
                 Six
                 thousand
                 yoke
                 of
                 Oxen
                 appointed
                 in
                 several
                 places
                 for
                 carrying
                 on
                 of
                 the
                 Work.
                 The
                 multitude
                 of
                 the
                 Workmen
                 wrought
                 great
                 admiration
                 in
                 the
                 Spectators
                 ,
                 whilst
                 every
                 one
                 was
                 diligent
                 to
                 perfect
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 allotted
                 to
                 his
                 share
                 .
                 For
                 Dionysius
                 to
                 encourage
                 'em
                 ,
                 promis'd
                 great
                 Rewards
                 here
                 to
                 the
                 Architects
                 ,
                 there
                 to
                 the
                 Carpenters
                 ,
                 and
                 here
                 again
                 to
                 the
                 Labourers
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 with
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 would
                 often
                 oversee
                 the
                 Work
                 ,
                 whole
                 Days
                 together
                 ,
                 going
                 every
                 where
                 from
                 one
                 place
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 taking
                 care
                 to
                 ease
                 and
                 relieve
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 tir'd
                 out
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 laying
                 aside
                 all
                 State
                 and
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 he
                 wrought
                 like
                 a
                 private
                 person
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 be
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 
                 should
                 set
                 upon
                 Works
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 difficulty
                 ,
                 and
                 endure
                 as
                 much
                 hardship
                 as
                 the
                 meanest
                 Labourer
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 every
                 one
                 striv'd
                 who
                 should
                 do
                 most
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 ,
                 as
                 besides
                 their
                 daily
                 Labours
                 they
                 wrought
                 some
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 ;
                 so
                 great
                 was
                 the
                 Ambition
                 of
                 the
                 very
                 common
                 People
                 to
                 finish
                 the
                 Work
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 (
                 beyond
                 what
                 could
                 have
                 been
                 believ'd
                 or
                 imagin'd
                 )
                 *
                 the
                 Wall
                 was
                 finish'd
                 in
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Twenty
                 Days
                 ,
                 Thirty
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 proportionable
                 in
                 height
                 ;
                 that
                 for
                 its
                 strength
                 it
                 seem'd
                 to
                 slight
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 any
                 Assailant
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 had
                 many
                 high
                 Towers
                 that
                 stood
                 at
                 convenient
                 distances
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 was
                 built
                 of
                 hewen
                 Stone
                 most
                 artificially
                 jointed
                 and
                 compacted
                 ,
                 every
                 Stone
                 Four
                 Foot
                 square
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 V.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   War
                   beeween
                   Cyrus
                   and
                   his
                   Brother
                   Artaxerxes
                   King
                   of
                   
                     Persia
                     .
                     Cyrus
                  
                   routed
                   .
                   The
                   Grecian
                   Forces
                   in
                   straits
                   ;
                   their
                   brave
                   Behaviour
                   ;
                   and
                   long
                   and
                   troublesome
                   March
                   out
                   of
                   Persia
                   into
                   Greece
                   .
                
              
               
                 AT
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 Exenetus
                 was
                 made
                 Archon
                 or
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 Six
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 
                   Publius
                   Cornelius
                   ,
                   Cesus
                   Fabius
                   ,
                   Spurius
                   Nausius
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Valerius
                   ,
                   Marcus
                   Sergius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Junius
                   Lucullus
                
                 executed
                 the
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 Cyrus
                 Chief
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Lord-Lieutenants
                 of
                 the
                 Maritine
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 now
                 determins
                 
                 to
                 prosecute
                 that
                 War
                 against
                 Artaxerxes
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 long
                 before
                 been
                 ruminating
                 in
                 his
                 Mind
                 :
                 for
                 this
                 young
                 Man
                 was
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 high
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 addicted
                 to
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 he
                 Musters
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 of
                 strangers
                 ,
                 and
                 furnishes
                 himself
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Expedition
                 ;
                 but
                 did
                 not
                 as
                 yet
                 discover
                 to
                 his
                 Army
                 what
                 he
                 intended
                 ,
                 but
                 gave
                 out
                 that
                 he
                 rais'd
                 an
                 Army
                 to
                 go
                 against
                 some
                 Tyrants
                 in
                 Cilicia
                 who
                 had
                 rebell'd
                 against
                 the
                 King.
                 He
                 sent
                 moreover
                 an
                 Ambassador
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 to
                 put
                 them
                 in
                 mind
                 of
                 the
                 Services
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 'em
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 desire
                 their
                 Aid
                 in
                 the
                 design
                 he
                 had
                 now
                 on
                 foot
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 conceiving
                 this
                 War
                 would
                 be
                 their
                 advantage
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 decreed
                 Aid
                 to
                 be
                 sent
                 to
                 Cyrus
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 sent
                 Orders
                 to
                 Samus
                 the
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 of
                 their
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 to
                 observe
                 whatever
                 was
                 commanded
                 him
                 by
                 Cyrus
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 Samus
                 having
                 then
                 Five
                 
                 and
                 twenty
                 Gallies
                 of
                 three
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 ,
                 with
                 these
                 passed
                 over
                 to
                 Ephesus
                 to
                 
                 Cyrus's
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 offering
                 his
                 Assistance
                 in
                 every
                 thing
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 Commanded
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 sent
                 over
                 likewise
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Chricosophus
                 ,
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 Corseteers
                 .
                 One
                 Tamos
                 was
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarian
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 under
                 his
                 
                 Command
                 Fifty
                 Gallies
                 well
                 equipp'd
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Spartan
                 Fleet
                 arriv'd
                 ,
                 both
                 Fleets
                 set
                 Sail
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 intended
                 for
                 Cilicia
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Cyrus
                 had
                 got
                 together
                 at
                 Sardis
                 the
                 choicest
                 Soldiers
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 Thirteen
                 thousand
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 those
                 Persians
                 that
                 were
                 of
                 his
                 kindred
                 ,
                 Governors
                 of
                 Lydia
                 and
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Chief
                 Command
                 of
                 Jonia
                 and
                 Eolia
                 he
                 bestow'd
                 upon
                 his
                 trusty
                 Friend
                 Tamon
                 of
                 Memphis
                 .
                 Having
                 settled
                 these
                 Matters
                 ,
                 he
                 then
                 presently
                 march'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 towards
                 Cilicia
                 and
                 Pisidia
                 ,
                 a
                 Rumor
                 being
                 spread
                 abroad
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 Nations
                 had
                 made
                 a
                 Defection
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 out
                 of
                 Asia
                 Seventy
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 Three
                 thousand
                 were
                 Horse
                 :
                 Out
                 of
                 Peloponnesus
                 and
                 other
                 parts
                 of
                 Greece
                 Thirteen
                 thousand
                 Mercenaries
                 .
                 Clearchus
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 was
                 General
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Peloponnesians
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 
                   Acheans
                   :
                   Proxenus
                
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Beotians
                   ;
                   Socrates
                
                 of
                 the
                 Acheans
                 ;
                 and
                 Meno
                 commanded
                 
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 .
                 The
                 Persians
                 led
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 every
                 one
                 in
                 their
                 proper
                 Companies
                 and
                 Regiments
                 ,
                 and
                 Cyrus
                 was
                 Generalissimo
                 ;
                 who
                 had
                 now
                 discover'd
                 the
                 design
                 of
                 this
                 Expedition
                 to
                 his
                 Officers
                 ,
                 but
                 wisely
                 conceal'd
                 it
                 from
                 the
                 Common
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 lest
                 by
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Attempt
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 discourag'd
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 desert
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 further
                 ,
                 considering
                 the
                 great
                 Journey
                 they
                 were
                 to
                 march
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 special
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 was
                 very
                 familiar
                 with
                 every
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 plentiful
                 Provision
                 for
                 them
                 in
                 every
                 
                 place
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 having
                 pass'd
                 through
                 Lybia
                 and
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Countries
                 bordering
                 upon
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Borders
                 and
                 Gates
                 leading
                 into
                 Cilicia
                 .
                 The
                 Passage
                 there
                 is
                 very
                 straight
                 and
                 rugged
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Twenty
                 *
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 hemm'd
                 in
                 on
                 either
                 side
                 with
                 vast
                 and
                 very
                 high
                 and
                 inaccessible
                 Mountains
                 .
                 From
                 these
                 Mountains
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 a
                 Wall
                 was
                 drawn
                 cross
                 the
                 Passage
                 to
                 defend
                 it
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 were
                 those
                 Gates
                 before
                 mentiond
                 .
                 When
                 his
                 Forces
                 had
                 pass'd
                 through
                 this
                 way
                 ,
                 he
                 entred
                 into
                 a
                 Champain
                 Country
                 ,
                 inferior
                 to
                 none
                 in
                 Asia
                 for
                 sweetness
                 and
                 pleasantness
                 :
                 Through
                 these
                 pleasant
                 Fields
                 he
                 march'd
                 to
                 Tarsus
                 ,
                 the
                 largest
                 City
                 of
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 easily
                 forc'd
                 to
                 submit
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Syennesis
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 heard
                 of
                 this
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 greatly
                 perplex'd
                 what
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 saw
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 no
                 condition
                 to
                 cope
                 with
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Force
                 .
                 But
                 being
                 sent
                 for
                 by
                 Cyrus
                 with
                 promises
                 of
                 safe
                 Conduct
                 ,
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 Design
                 ,
                 promis'd
                 his
                 assistance
                 against
                 Artaxerxes
                 ,
                 and
                 straitway
                 join'd
                 Cyrus
                 with
                 a
                 small
                 Party
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Sons
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 a
                 crafty
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 preparing
                 for
                 the
                 Worst
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 the
                 other
                 secretly
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 inform
                 him
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Forces
                 that
                 were
                 coming
                 against
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 though
                 he
                 himself
                 (
                 much
                 against
                 his
                 Will
                 )
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 Cyrus
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 was
                 still
                 Loyal
                 and
                 Faithful
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 fall
                 off
                 and
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 King's
                 Standard
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 opportunity
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Cyrus
                 spent
                 Twenty
                 days
                 in
                 refreshing
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 Listing
                 of
                 more
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 Then
                 breaking
                 up
                 his
                 Camp
                 ,
                 he
                 acquainted
                 all
                 the
                 Common
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Expedition
                 was
                 intended
                 against
                 Artaxerxes
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 every
                 one
                 weighing
                 the
                 thing
                 seriously
                 with
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 considering
                 the
                 vast
                 length
                 of
                 the
                 Way
                 they
                 were
                 to
                 march
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 many
                 Enemies
                 Nations
                 they
                 were
                 to
                 pass
                 through
                 ,
                 took
                 the
                 Matter
                 very
                 grievously
                 .
                 For
                 a
                 Rumour
                 was
                 spread
                 abroad
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 four
                 Months
                 march
                 to
                 Bactria
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 *
                 Four
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Men.
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 so
                 transported
                 with
                 Fear
                 and
                 Rage
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 kill
                 all
                 their
                 Officers
                 as
                 Traytors
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 Cyrus
                 (
                 not
                 without
                 many
                 Intreaties
                 )
                 interpos'd
                 his
                 Authority
                 ,
                 and
                 assur'd
                 them
                 that
                 he
                 not
                 did
                 intend
                 to
                 lead
                 them
                 against
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 but
                 against
                 a
                 certain
                 Governor
                 in
                 Syria
                 ,
                 the
                 Mutiny
                 ceas'd
                 :
                 And
                 upon
                 the
                 Increase
                 of
                 their
                 Pay
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 return'd
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 Love
                 and
                 Esteem
                 of
                 their
                 General
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 now
                 march'd
                 almost
                 through
                 all
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 Shipping
                 and
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 last
                 by
                 
                 Sea
                 at
                 Issus
                 ,
                 the
                 utmost
                 City
                 of
                 that
                 Country
                 near
                 the
                 Sea-side
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedaemonian
                 Fleet
                 arriv'd
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 landed
                 their
                 Men
                 ,
                 assuring
                 him
                 of
                 the
                 Friendship
                 of
                 the
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 Cyrus
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 Foot
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Chirosophus
                 :
                 They
                 pretended
                 that
                 these
                 were
                 sent
                 privately
                 to
                 Cyrus
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 when
                 in
                 truth
                 ,
                 all
                 was
                 done
                 by
                 the
                 Decree
                 and
                 Order
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Ephori
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 had
                 not
                 as
                 yet
                 proclaim'd
                 open
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 but
                 kept
                 their
                 Counsels
                 secret
                 till
                 they
                 spy'd
                 a
                 fit
                 Opportunity
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 things
                 were
                 like
                 to
                 go
                 .
              
               
                 Decamping
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 Cyrus
                 moves
                 towards
                 Syria
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 the
                 Admirals
                 to
                 sail
                 along
                 near
                 unto
                 the
                 Shore
                 ,
                 and
                 attend
                 upon
                 him
                 as
                 he
                 march'd
                 by
                 Land.
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 *
                 Pile
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 call'd
                 )
                 and
                 found
                 the
                 Entrance
                 without
                 any
                 Guard
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 much
                 pleas'd
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 Fear
                 lest
                 some
                 had
                 seiz'd
                 the
                 Passes
                 before
                 him
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Place
                 is
                 naturally
                 very
                 streight
                 ,
                 and
                 defended
                 by
                 Craggy
                 Rocks
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 kept
                 by
                 a
                 very
                 few
                 Men.
                 For
                 there
                 are
                 two
                 Mountains
                 that
                 rise
                 up
                 on
                 either
                 side
                 near
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 mounting
                 up
                 with
                 sharp
                 Rocks
                 of
                 a
                 prodigious
                 height
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 call'd
                 Libanus
                 ,
                 beginning
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 Entrance
                 into
                 the
                 only
                 Passage
                 
                 that
                 leads
                 through
                 those
                 Places
                 ,
                 and
                 runs
                 out
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 Phenicia
                 .
                 The
                 space
                 lying
                 between
                 these
                 two
                 Mountains
                 is
                 about
                 *
                 Three
                 Furlongs
                 wide
                 ,
                 strongly
                 fortify'd
                 ,
                 shut
                 up
                 with
                 streight
                 and
                 narrow
                 Gates
                 .
                 When
                 Cyrus
                 had
                 pass'd
                 through
                 here
                 ,
                 he
                 discharg'd
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 it
                 back
                 to
                 Ephesus
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 had
                 no
                 occasion
                 to
                 use
                 it
                 ,
                 being
                 now
                 to
                 march
                 through
                 the
                 Heart
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 twenty
                 Days
                 march
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Thapsacus
                 ,
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Euphrates
                 .
                 After
                 he
                 had
                 continu'd
                 here
                 Five
                 days
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 by
                 plenty
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 and
                 rich
                 Spoils
                 and
                 Booties
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 a
                 Council
                 ,
                 and
                 discover'd
                 to
                 'em
                 his
                 whole
                 design
                 .
                 But
                 perceiving
                 that
                 the
                 Army
                 was
                 very
                 uneasy
                 upon
                 what
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 he
                 earnestly
                 intreated
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 now
                 Desert
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 
                 pacify
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 promising
                 (
                 besides
                 other
                 Rewards
                 )
                 a
                 *
                 Mina
                 apiece
                 to
                 every
                 Man
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Babylon
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 being
                 thus
                 encourag'd
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 their
                 Expectations
                 rais'd
                 high
                 ,
                 they
                 at
                 length
                 consented
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 Cyrus
                 pass'd
                 his
                 Army
                 over
                 Euphrates
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 forward
                 without
                 making
                 any
                 Halt
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 Babylon
                 he
                 gave
                 leave
                 to
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 refresh
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 Artaxerxes
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 had
                 some
                 time
                 before
                 notice
                 given
                 him
                 by
                 Pharnabazus
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 secret
                 Preparations
                 of
                 Cyrus
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 now
                 having
                 certain
                 Intelligence
                 of
                 his
                 March
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 together
                 from
                 every
                 place
                 to
                 Ecbatana
                 in
                 Media
                 ;
                 and
                 with
                 what
                 Force
                 he
                 then
                 had
                 march'd
                 against
                 Cyrus
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 willing
                 to
                 stay
                 for
                 the
                 Aids
                 from
                 India
                 and
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
                 who
                 he
                 perceiv'd
                 would
                 be
                 too
                 long
                 in
                 coming
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Distances
                 of
                 the
                 several
                 Places
                 from
                 whence
                 they
                 came
                 .
                 His
                 Army
                 (
                 as
                 Ephorus
                 relates
                 )
                 amounted
                 to
                 no
                 less
                 then
                 Four
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 and
                 Foot.
                 
              
               
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 within
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 he
                 Encamp'd
                 at
                 Euphrates
                 ,
                 purposing
                 there
                 to
                 leave
                 his
                 heavy
                 Baggage
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 knew
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 not
                 far
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 
                 had
                 just
                 Cause
                 to
                 fear
                 their
                 desperate
                 and
                 daring
                 Attempt
                 :
                 He
                 drew
                 therefore
                 a
                 Trench
                 Threescore
                 Foot
                 in
                 breadth
                 and
                 Ten
                 in
                 depth
                 ,
                 and
                 Barricaded
                 it
                 with
                 Carts
                 and
                 Carriages
                 as
                 with
                 a
                 Wall
                 ;
                 here
                 he
                 left
                 his
                 Baggage
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 Sick
                 and
                 Weak
                 with
                 but
                 a
                 slender
                 Guard
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 himself
                 with
                 a
                 swift
                 March
                 made
                 towards
                 the
                 Enemy
                 who
                 were
                 then
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Cyrus
                 saw
                 the
                 King's
                 Army
                 advancing
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 commanded
                 all
                 his
                 Army
                 
                 to
                 their
                 Arms.
                 The
                 Lacedaemonians
                 and
                 some
                 Mercenaries
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 ,
                 stretch'd
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Euphrates
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Clearchus
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 ,
                 with
                 whom
                 were
                 join'd
                 above
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Paphlagonian
                 Horse
                 .
                 The
                 Lest
                 Wing
                 was
                 commanded
                 by
                 Arideus
                 ,
                 consisting
                 of
                 Phrygians
                 and
                 Lydians
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 this
                 were
                 about
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 more
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 middle
                 Battel
                 was
                 Cyrus
                 himself
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Guard
                 for
                 his
                 Person
                 consisting
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Persian
                 Soldiers
                 and
                 other
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ;
                 before
                 whom
                 march'd
                 as
                 a
                 Vaunt-guard
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 gallantly
                 accoutred
                 ,
                 with
                 Grecian
                 Swords
                 and
                 Coats
                 of
                 Mail.
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 Artaxerxes
                 plac'd
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 hook'd
                 Chariots
                 in
                 front
                 of
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 committing
                 the
                 two
                 Wings
                 to
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Persian
                 Officers
                 ,
                 he
                 himself
                 remain'd
                 with
                 the
                 Main
                 Body
                 ,
                 guarded
                 with
                 no
                 less
                 then
                 Fifty
                 thousand
                 choice
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Armies
                 came
                 within
                 *
                 Three
                 Furlongs
                 one
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 the
                 Grecians
                 sang
                 the
                 †
                 Pean
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 silently
                 led
                 the
                 Van
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 came
                 within
                 the
                 Cast
                 of
                 a
                 Dart
                 they
                 ran
                 in
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 with
                 great
                 Fury
                 ;
                 for
                 so
                 Clearchus
                 had
                 ordered
                 them
                 ,
                 conceiving
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 fought
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 Distance
                 ,
                 their
                 whole
                 Bodies
                 would
                 be
                 Marks
                 for
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 during
                 all
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Fight
                 ;
                 whereas
                 if
                 they
                 engag'd
                 close
                 at
                 Hand
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 less
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Main
                 Body
                 with
                 Cyrus
                 came
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 's
                 ,
                 a
                 Shower
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 like
                 a
                 Tempest
                 ,
                 fell
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 great
                 as
                 can
                 be
                 imagin'd
                 might
                 be
                 discharg'd
                 by
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 Fifty
                 thousand
                 Men.
                 But
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 fought
                 a
                 while
                 with
                 their
                 Darts
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 they
                 fell
                 to
                 it
                 hand
                 to
                 hand
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedaemonians
                 and
                 Mercenaries
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 Charge
                 routed
                 that
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 that
                 oppos'd
                 them
                 ,
                 far
                 exceeding
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 both
                 in
                 dexterity
                 of
                 Fight
                 and
                 the
                 resplendant
                 brightness
                 of
                 their
                 Arms.
                 For
                 all
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 were
                 but
                 lightly
                 arm'd
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Regiments
                 were
                 of
                 the
                 meanest
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 but
                 raw
                 and
                 unexpert
                 in
                 War.
                 The
                 Grecians
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 by
                 so
                 long
                 and
                 continual
                 exercise
                 of
                 their
                 Arms
                 in
                 the
                 late
                 Peloponnesian
                 War
                 ,
                 were
                 grown
                 very
                 skilful
                 and
                 excellent
                 Soldiers
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 put
                 their
                 Adversaries
                 presently
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 slaughter
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 .
                 It
                 so
                 happen'd
                 that
                 both
                 the
                 Generals
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 contending
                 for
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 )
                 being
                 in
                 the
                 main
                 Battel
                 on
                 either
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 weighing
                 how
                 fatal
                 the
                 issue
                 would
                 be
                 ,
                 made
                 one
                 against
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 purposing
                 to
                 decide
                 the
                 Controversie
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 hands
                 ;
                 and
                 Destiny
                 seem'd
                 now
                 to
                 engage
                 these
                 two
                 Brothers
                 in
                 a
                 Duel
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 in
                 imitation
                 of
                 that
                 ancient
                 and
                 stout
                 Combat
                 between
                 *
                 Eteocles
                 and
                 Polynices
                 ,
                 so
                 memoriz'd
                 by
                 Poets
                 in
                 their
                 Tragedies
                 .
                 Here
                 Cyrus
                 made
                 the
                 Onset
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 threw
                 his
                 Javelin
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 force
                 at
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 him
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 presently
                 taken
                 up
                 as
                 dead
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Fight
                 by
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 about
                 him
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 Tissaphernes
                 ,
                 a
                 Noble
                 Persian
                 ,
                 steps
                 into
                 the
                 King's
                 place
                 ,
                 encourages
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 and
                 sights
                 valiantly
                 himself
                 ;
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 revenge
                 the
                 suppos'd
                 Death
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 flew
                 about
                 into
                 every
                 Place
                 with
                 the
                 choicest
                 of
                 the
                 Troops
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 dreadful
                 Slaughter
                 where-ever
                 he
                 came
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 his
                 Heat
                 and
                 extraordinary
                 Courage
                 was
                 taken
                 notice
                 of
                 by
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 .
              
               
                 Cyrus
                 likewise
                 lifted
                 up
                 with
                 the
                 Success
                 of
                 his
                 Arms
                 ,
                 siercely
                 rushes
                 into
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 ,
                 and
                 signaliz'd
                 his
                 Courage
                 with
                 the
                 slaughter
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
                 But
                 
                 rashly
                 ,
                 running
                 himself
                 into
                 eminent
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 he
                 at
                 length
                 receiv'd
                 a
                 mortal
                 Wound
                 from
                 a
                 common
                 Soldier
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 fell
                 down
                 dead
                 :
                 Upon
                 whose
                 fall
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 the
                 Royalists
                 reviv'd
                 and
                 renew'd
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 by
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 Confidence
                 of
                 success
                 ,
                 weary'd
                 out
                 their
                 opposers
                 .
              
               
                 Arideus
                 ,
                 Cyrus's
                 General
                 and
                 Commander
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 
                 valiantly
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Charge
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 :
                 But
                 afterwards
                 (
                 the
                 Wing
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 stretching
                 in
                 length
                 far
                 beyond
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Rumour
                 of
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Cyrus
                 coming
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 further
                 Discouragement
                 )
                 he
                 retreated
                 with
                 those
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 to
                 a
                 Post
                 very
                 commodious
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 .
                 Clearchus
                 perceiving
                 the
                 main
                 Body
                 of
                 their
                 Army
                 to
                 be
                 routed
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 ready
                 to
                 fly
                 ,
                 stopp'd
                 his
                 own
                 Men
                 in
                 their
                 pursuit
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 fear'd
                 that
                 if
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 should
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 all
                 utterly
                 cut
                 off
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Body
                 where
                 the
                 Persian
                 King
                 immediately
                 commanded
                 ,
                 having
                 routed
                 the
                 Party
                 that
                 engag'd
                 them
                 ,
                 rifled
                 
                 Cyrus's
                 Camp.
                 Afterwards
                 
                 (
                 it
                 now
                 growing
                 towards
                 Night
                 )
                 in
                 one
                 Body
                 they
                 made
                 against
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 who
                 valiantly
                 (
                 like
                 Men
                 of
                 brave
                 and
                 generous
                 Spirits
                 )
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Charge
                 ;
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 did
                 
                 not
                 long
                 stand
                 their
                 ground
                 ,
                 but
                 being
                 worsted
                 by
                 the
                 Valour
                 and
                 Dexterity
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 were
                 presently
                 put
                 to
                 flight
                 .
              
               
                 Clearchus
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 slaughter
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 (
                 it
                 being
                 now
                 dark
                 )
                 erected
                 a
                 Trophy
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 retir'd
                 to
                 his
                 Camp
                 about
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 second
                 Watch.
                 The
                 Battel
                 thus
                 ended
                 ,
                 an
                 account
                 was
                 taken
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 slain
                 on
                 the
                 King's
                 side
                 ,
                 which
                 amounted
                 to
                 above
                 Fifteen
                 thousand
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 whom
                 were
                 kill'd
                 by
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 and
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Clearchus
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 of
                 Cyrus
                 his
                 Army
                 were
                 slain
                 Three
                 thousand
                 .
                 No
                 account
                 is
                 given
                 of
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 that
                 were
                 slain
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 a
                 few
                 wounded
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 ,
                 Arideus
                 ,
                 who
                 retir'd
                 to
                 his
                 former
                 Post
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 related
                 )
                 sent
                 to
                 Clearchus
                 to
                 desire
                 him
                 to
                 join
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 they
                 might
                 better
                 secure
                 themselves
                 by
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 Places
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 side
                 .
                 For
                 Cyrus
                 being
                 dead
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 King's
                 Forces
                 now
                 Victors
                 ,
                 a
                 Terror
                 seiz'd
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 repented
                 himself
                 of
                 his
                 bold
                 and
                 rash
                 attempt
                 to
                 Depose
                 Artaxerxes
                 .
              
               
                 Hereupon
                 Clearchus
                 call'd
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Captains
                 and
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 to
                 advise
                 what
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Exigent
                 of
                 Affairs
                 .
                 While
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 Consult
                 ,
                 there
                 came
                 to
                 them
                 Messengers
                 from
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 the
                 Chief
                 of
                 whom
                 was
                 one
                 Philenus
                 ,
                 a
                 Grecian
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 *
                 
                   Zacyn
                   〈…〉
                   s.
                
                 When
                 they
                 were
                 introduc'd
                 ,
                 they
                 declar'd
                 their
                 Message
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 :
                 
                   Thus
                   saith
                   King
                
                 Artaxerxes
                 ;
                 
                   In
                   as
                   much
                   as
                
                 Cyrus
                 
                   is
                   kill'd
                   ,
                   and
                   I
                   am
                   now
                   Conqueror
                   ,
                   lay
                   down
                   your
                   Arms
                   ,
                   make
                   haste
                   to
                   my
                   Gates
                   ,
                   and
                   consider
                   how
                   to
                   appease
                   me
                   ,
                   that
                   ye
                   may
                   find
                   some
                   favour
                   .
                
                 Upon
                 these
                 words
                 all
                 the
                 Officers
                 answered
                 as
                 Leonidas
                 
                 had
                 done
                 in
                 time
                 past
                 when
                 Xerxes
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Guard
                 at
                 Thermopyle
                 to
                 give
                 up
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 to
                 this
                 purpose
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   if
                   at
                   any
                   time
                   after
                   they
                   should
                   become
                
                 Xerxes
                 '
                 
                   s
                   Friends
                   ,
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   more
                   able
                   to
                   do
                   him
                   service
                   with
                   their
                   Arms
                   than
                   without
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   forc'd
                   to
                   be
                   his
                   Enemies
                   they
                   could
                   better
                   defend
                   themselves
                   in
                   fighting
                   against
                   him
                   .
                
                 After
                 Clearchus
                 had
                 return'd
                 this
                 Answer
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 effect
                 ,
                 Proxenus
                 the
                 Theban
                 ,
                 said
                 thus
                 :
                 
                   We
                   have
                   now
                   lost
                   almost
                   all
                   we
                   have
                   ,
                   only
                   our
                   Hearts
                   and
                   our
                   Arms
                   are
                   still
                   our
                   own
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   long
                   as
                   we
                   keep
                   these
                   we
                   doubt
                   not
                   but
                   by
                   our
                   Courage
                   we
                   may
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   better
                   our
                   Condition
                   ;
                   But
                   when
                   we
                   part
                   with
                   our
                   Arms
                   our
                   Valour
                   is
                   Useless
                   and
                   Unprofitable
                   :
                
                 And
                 therefore
                 bid
                 them
                 tell
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   if
                   he
                   design'd
                   any
                   Attack
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   they
                   were
                   ready
                   with
                   their
                   Arms
                   to
                   oppose
                   him
                   .
                   Sophilus
                
                 likewise
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 is
                 reported
                 to
                 have
                 said
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 wonder'd
                 at
                 the
                 King's
                 demands
                 ;
                 For
                 ,
                 says
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   if
                   the
                   King
                   thinks
                   himself
                   stronger
                   than
                   the
                
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 
                   let
                   him
                   draw
                   down
                   his
                   Army
                   upon
                   us
                   ,
                   and
                   take
                   our
                   Arms
                   by
                   Force
                   :
                   But
                   if
                   he
                   means
                   only
                   to
                   persuade
                   us
                   ,
                   and
                   intends
                   to
                   give
                   us
                   thanks
                   for
                   the
                   favour
                   ,
                   let
                   him
                   first
                   say
                   so
                   .
                
                 To
                 this
                 Socrates
                 
                 the
                 Achean
                 added
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   King
                
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   deals
                   with
                   us
                   without
                   Sense
                   or
                   Reason
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   which
                   he
                   would
                   have
                   to
                   be
                   taken
                   from
                   us
                   ,
                   he
                   demands
                   forthwith
                   to
                   be
                   delivered
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   which
                   we
                   are
                   to
                   expect
                   in
                   return
                   ,
                   we
                   must
                   seek
                   for
                   after
                   as
                   Suppliants
                   ,
                   by
                   Petition
                   and
                   Entreaty
                   .
                   To
                   conclude
                   ,
                   If
                   he
                   be
                   so
                   ignorant
                   how
                   things
                   stand
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   he
                   thinks
                   fit
                   to
                   Command
                   the
                   Conquerors
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   Conquered
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   may
                   learn
                   the
                   better
                   to
                   judge
                   whether
                   side
                   carries
                   away
                   the
                   Victory
                   ,
                   let
                   him
                   set
                   upon
                   us
                   with
                   his
                   innumerable
                   Army
                   .
                   But
                   if
                   he
                   very
                   well
                   knows
                   that
                   we
                
                 
                 
                   are
                   Conquerors
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   seeks
                   deceitfully
                   with
                   a
                   Lie
                   to
                   circumvent
                   us
                   ,
                   how
                   can
                   we
                   rely
                   upon
                   his
                   Promises
                   for
                   things
                   to
                   come
                   ?
                
                 The
                 Messengers
                 were
                 dismiss'd
                 with
                 these
                 Answers
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 departed
                 .
              
               
                 Clearchus
                 afterwards
                 marched
                 with
                 his
                 Squadron
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 
                 that
                 escap'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 were
                 posted
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 all
                 the
                 Forces
                 were
                 got
                 together
                 they
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 concerning
                 their
                 marching
                 back
                 to
                 the
                 Sea-side
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 from
                 thence
                 how
                 to
                 go
                 on
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Consult
                 it
                 was
                 judg'd
                 most
                 adviseable
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 return
                 
                 the
                 same
                 way
                 they
                 came
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 a
                 great
                 Part
                 of
                 it
                 was
                 Desert
                 and
                 Barren
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 more
                 Hazardous
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Enemy
                 would
                 be
                 pressing
                 continually
                 upon
                 their
                 Heels
                 :
                 At
                 length
                 it
                 was
                 resolv'd
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 swift
                 March
                 to
                 lead
                 the
                 Army
                 towards
                 Paphlagonia
                 ,
                 yet
                 not
                 so
                 fast
                 but
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 furnish
                 themselves
                 with
                 Provision
                 in
                 the
                 way
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 begun
                 to
                 be
                 heal'd
                 of
                 his
                 Wounds
                 ,
                 and
                 heard
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 being
                 retir'd
                 ,
                 supposing
                 that
                 they
                 fled
                 ,
                 hasten'd
                 after
                 them
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 they
                 mov'd
                 but
                 slowly
                 ,
                 at
                 last
                 he
                 overtook
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 Night
                 drawing
                 on
                 Encamp'd
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 .
                 About
                 break
                 of
                 day
                 next
                 Morning
                 the
                 Grecians
                 drew
                 up
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 time
                 granted
                 to
                 them
                 a
                 Truce
                 for
                 three
                 Days
                 :
                 within
                 which
                 it
                 was
                 agreed
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 should
                 suffer
                 them
                 to
                 pass
                 quietly
                 through
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 allow
                 them
                 Guides
                 to
                 the
                 Sea-side
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish
                 them
                 with
                 Provision
                 in
                 their
                 march
                 for
                 their
                 Money
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 
                 of
                 Clearchus
                 and
                 Arideus
                 should
                 pass
                 peaceably
                 through
                 all
                 places
                 ,
                 provided
                 they
                 committed
                 no
                 outrages
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 they
                 set
                 upon
                 their
                 Journey
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 King
                 march'd
                 back
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 rewarded
                 them
                 that
                 had
                 behaved
                 themselves
                 couragiously
                 in
                 the
                 Battle
                 ;
                 amongst
                 whom
                 Tissaphernes
                 was
                 judg'd
                 the
                 bravest
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 honour'd
                 him
                 with
                 many
                 Rich
                 and
                 Princely
                 Gifts
                 ,
                 and
                 bestow'd
                 his
                 Daughter
                 upon
                 him
                 in
                 Marriage
                 ,
                 using
                 him
                 ever
                 after
                 as
                 his
                 fast
                 and
                 faithful
                 Friend
                 .
                 He
                 made
                 him
                 likewise
                 Governor
                 and
                 Lord-Lieutenant
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Provinces
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Cyrus
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 .
                 But
                 Tissaphernes
                 perceiving
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 
                 irreconcileably
                 incens'd
                 against
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 promis'd
                 to
                 destroy
                 'em
                 all
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 furnish
                 him
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 reconcil'd
                 to
                 Arideus
                 :
                 for
                 through
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 circumvent
                 all
                 the
                 Grecians
                 in
                 their
                 Journey
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Advice
                 was
                 very
                 acceptable
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 suffer'd
                 him
                 to
                 chuse
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 fit
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 *
                 With
                 these
                 in
                 all
                 haste
                 he
                 pursu'd
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 encamp'd
                 not
                 far
                 off
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 to
                 them
                 to
                 desire
                 that
                 Clearchus
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Commanders
                 would
                 come
                 to
                 him
                 and
                 hear
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 to
                 say
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Colonels
                 and
                 Captains
                 (
                 as
                 became
                 them
                 )
                 went
                 along
                 with
                 Clearchus
                 to
                 Tissaphernes
                 ;
                 and
                 about
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Soldiers
                 follow'd
                 after
                 to
                 buy
                 Provision
                 .
                 Tissaphernes
                 call'd
                 all
                 the
                 Colonels
                 and
                 Chief
                 Officers
                 into
                 his
                 Tent
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Captains
                 and
                 other
                 inferior
                 Officers
                 stood
                 without
                 .
                 In
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 upon
                 the
                 putting
                 forth
                 of
                 a
                 Purple
                 Flag
                 from
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 his
                 Pavilion
                 ,
                 the
                 Commanders
                 within
                 were
                 〈◊〉
                 seiz'd
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 (
                 appointed
                 for
                 that
                 
                 purpose
                 )
                 kill'd
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 that
                 stood
                 without
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 came
                 to
                 buy
                 Victuals
                 were
                 kill'd
                 in
                 every
                 place
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 found
                 ;
                 only
                 one
                 made
                 his
                 escape
                 to
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 related
                 the
                 Slaughter
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 hearing
                 of
                 this
                 bloody
                 Fact
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 in
                 great
                 Consternation
                 ran
                 in
                 confusion
                 to
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 having
                 neither
                 General
                 ,
                 Colonel
                 ,
                 or
                 almost
                 any
                 other
                 Officer
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 none
                 was
                 willing
                 to
                 undertake
                 the
                 Charge
                 ,
                 they
                 chose
                 several
                 Officers
                 from
                 
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 fix'd
                 upon
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 General
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 Cheirisophus
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 .
                 The
                 Army
                 hereupon
                 being
                 Marshall'd
                 by
                 these
                 Officers
                 into
                 that
                 Order
                 which
                 was
                 judg'd
                 best
                 ,
                 set
                 forward
                 towards
                 
                   Paphlagonia
                   .
                   Tissaphernes
                
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 sends
                 the
                 General
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Commanders
                 bound
                 in
                 Chains
                 to
                 Artaxerxes
                 ,
                 who
                 put
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 Menon
                 whom
                 he
                 releas'd
                 :
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 suppos'd
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 willing
                 to
                 have
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 angry
                 with
                 them
                 for
                 not
                 surrendring
                 themselves
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 horrid
                 Act
                 ,
                 Tissaphernes
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 pursu'd
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 and
                 pick'd
                 up
                 stragglers
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 but
                 durst
                 never
                 face
                 their
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 afraid
                 of
                 the
                 rage
                 and
                 valour
                 of
                 Men
                 in
                 a
                 desperate
                 condition
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 setting
                 upon
                 them
                 now
                 and
                 then
                 only
                 in
                 such
                 places
                 as
                 he
                 judg'd
                 most
                 for
                 his
                 advantage
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 no
                 great
                 slaughter
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 small
                 and
                 inconsiderable
                 loss
                 on
                 the
                 Grecians
                 part
                 ,
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Carducians
                 .
                 But
                 then
                 perceiving
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 likely
                 to
                 gain
                 any
                 advantage
                 by
                 attacking
                 the
                 Enemy
                 thus
                 in
                 the
                 Rear
                 ,
                 he
                 marches
                 away
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 towards
                 Jonia
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Grecians
                 spent
                 seven
                 days
                 in
                 passing
                 over
                 the
                 Mountains
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Carducians
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 that
                 time
                 suffer'd
                 very
                 much
                 from
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 being
                 a
                 Warlike
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 Passes
                 in
                 those
                 parts
                 .
                 They
                 were
                 a
                 free
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 Enemies
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 good
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 especially
                 skilful
                 and
                 experienc'd
                 in
                 Hurling
                 great
                 
                 Stones
                 out
                 of
                 Slings
                 ,
                 and
                 shooting
                 in
                 Bows
                 of
                 a
                 vast
                 bigness
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 than
                 ordinary
                 strength
                 .
                 These
                 People
                 gall'd
                 the
                 Grecians
                 from
                 the
                 rising
                 Grounds
                 ,
                 killing
                 ,
                 and
                 miserably
                 wounding
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 their
                 Arrows
                 being
                 above
                 Two
                 Cubits
                 long
                 ,
                 pierc'd
                 both
                 their
                 Shields
                 and
                 Breast-plates
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 no
                 Armour
                 could
                 repel
                 their
                 force
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 that
                 these
                 sort
                 of
                 weapons
                 were
                 so
                 extraordinary
                 big
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Grecians
                 us'd
                 to
                 cast
                 these
                 as
                 Saunians
                 instead
                 of
                 their
                 Thong-Darts
                 .
              
               
               
                 When
                 they
                 had
                 pass'd
                 this
                 Country
                 with
                 great
                 difficulty
                 ,
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 *
                 Centrites
                 ,
                 and
                 pass'd
                 over
                 here
                 into
                 Armenia
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 then
                 under
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Teribazus
                 ,
                 Lord-Lieutenant
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 with
                 whom
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 passed
                 quietly
                 as
                 friends
                 through
                 his
                 Province
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 they
                 march'd
                 over
                 the
                 Mountains
                 of
                 Armenia
                 ,
                 the
                 Snow
                 was
                 so
                 very
                 deep
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 danger
                 every
                 Man
                 to
                 be
                 lost
                 .
                 For
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 when
                 the
                 Wind
                 begins
                 to
                 rise
                 ,
                 the
                 Snow
                 falls
                 but
                 leisurely
                 and
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 occasions
                 no
                 great
                 molestation
                 or
                 trouble
                 to
                 the
                 Travellers
                 :
                 But
                 then
                 presently
                 the
                 Wind
                 increasing
                 ,
                 the
                 Snow
                 falls
                 so
                 tempestuously
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 a
                 suddain
                 covers
                 the
                 ground
                 so
                 thick
                 and
                 deep
                 that
                 none
                 can
                 possibly
                 see
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 nor
                 know
                 where
                 they
                 are
                 .
                 Hence
                 Fear
                 and
                 Terror
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 seeing
                 nothing
                 but
                 certain
                 Destruction
                 
                 was
                 behind
                 'em
                 if
                 they
                 return'd
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 possibility
                 to
                 advance
                 forward
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 depth
                 of
                 the
                 Snow
                 ;
                 besides
                 ,
                 Winter
                 was
                 then
                 very
                 sharp
                 and
                 coming
                 on
                 apace
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 such
                 a
                 Tempest
                 of
                 Wind
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 storm
                 of
                 Hail
                 arose
                 ,
                 and
                 blew
                 like
                 a
                 Whirlwind
                 into
                 their
                 very
                 Faces
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 stand
                 still
                 .
                 For
                 none
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 endure
                 so
                 sad
                 and
                 lamentable
                 a
                 March
                 ,
                 every
                 Man
                 was
                 necessitated
                 to
                 abide
                 in
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 the
                 Storm
                 found
                 him
                 :
                 And
                 thô
                 all
                 were
                 in
                 extream
                 want
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 patiently
                 endur'd
                 that
                 whole
                 Night
                 and
                 Day
                 the
                 sharpness
                 of
                 the
                 Winter
                 's
                 Cold
                 ,
                 attended
                 with
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 uncomfortable
                 circumstances
                 .
                 For
                 all
                 their
                 Arms
                 were
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Snow
                 which
                 fell
                 continually
                 in
                 great
                 abundance
                 .
                 Their
                 Bodies
                 were
                 stiff
                 and
                 benum'd
                 with
                 Ice
                 (
                 which
                 became
                 more
                 sharp
                 and
                 biting
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Air
                 was
                 calm
                 and
                 still
                 )
                 and
                 so
                 grievous
                 were
                 the
                 pressures
                 they
                 lay
                 under
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 took
                 no
                 Rest
                 all
                 the
                 Night
                 long
                 .
                 Some
                 indeed
                 cherish'd
                 themselves
                 with
                 a
                 little
                 Fire
                 they
                 had
                 kindled
                 ;
                 others
                 had
                 their
                 Bodies
                 so
                 benum'd
                 with
                 Cold
                 ,
                 that
                 little
                 hopes
                 of
                 Life
                 remain'd
                 ,
                 having
                 all
                 their
                 Fingers
                 and
                 Toes
                 perish'd
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Night
                 was
                 over
                 ,
                 they
                 found
                 most
                 of
                 their
                 Carriage-Horses
                 and
                 Cattle
                 Lame
                 and
                 Useless
                 ,
                 many
                 Men
                 dead
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 a
                 few
                 there
                 were
                 ,
                 who
                 tho'
                 they
                 had
                 some
                 Life
                 remaining
                 ,
                 yet
                 through
                 the
                 sharpness
                 of
                 the
                 Cold
                 their
                 Bodies
                 were
                 immoveable
                 ;
                 and
                 some
                 were
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 stricken
                 blind
                 by
                 the
                 whiteness
                 of
                 the
                 Snow
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 every
                 Man
                 had
                 certainly
                 perish'd
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 not
                 by
                 going
                 a
                 little
                 further
                 found
                 some
                 small
                 Villages
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 was
                 plenty
                 of
                 Supplies
                 for
                 their
                 necessities
                 :
                 Here
                 the
                 People
                 went
                 down
                 under-ground
                 by
                 steps
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Cattle
                 by
                 other
                 passages
                 made
                 through
                 the
                 Earth
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 these
                 little
                 Cells
                 were
                 stor'd
                 both
                 Hay
                 for
                 the
                 Cattle
                 ,
                 and
                 great
                 plenty
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 support
                 and
                 sustenance
                 of
                 Man's
                 Life
                 .
                 After
                 they
                 had
                 staid
                 here
                 Eight
                 Days
                 ,
                 they
                 came
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 *
                 Phasis
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 they
                 abode
                 Four
                 Days
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 pass'd
                 through
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Chaoniti
                 and
                 Phasians
                 ,
                 where
                 being
                 fall'n
                 upon
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 in
                 their
                 march
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 slaughter
                 among
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 their
                 Towns
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 full
                 of
                 Provision
                 and
                 other
                 rich
                 booty
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 they
                 rested
                 Fifteen
                 Days
                 .
                 Thence
                 marching
                 through
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Chalcideans
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Seven
                 Days
                 they
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 the
                 River
                 call'd
                 *
                 Harpasus
                 *
                 Four
                 Plethra
                 broad
                 .
                 From
                 thence
                 they
                 march'd
                 through
                 the
                 Plains
                 of
                 the
                 Tascutians
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 had
                 plenty
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 spent
                 three
                 Days
                 in
                 refreshing
                 themselves
                 .
                 In
                 four
                 Days
                 after
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 City
                 call'd
                 *
                 Gymnasia
                 .
                 Here
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 entred
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 allow'd
                 'em
                 Guides
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 :
                 After
                 Fifteen
                 days
                 journey
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Chenius
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Van
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 discern'd
                 the
                 Sea
                 afar
                 off
                 ,
                 were
                 transported
                 with
                 exceeding
                 Joy
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 up
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 shout
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Rear
                 suddainly
                 put
                 themselves
                 in
                 a
                 posture
                 of
                 Defence
                 ,
                 supposing
                 some
                 Enemy
                 had
                 broke
                 in
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 But
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 all
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Hill
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 they
                 might
                 have
                 a
                 prospect
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 they
                 lift
                 up
                 their
                 hands
                 and
                 gave
                 Thanks
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 as
                 if
                 now
                 they
                 were
                 past
                 all
                 danger
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 .
                 There
                 they
                 got
                 together
                 great
                 heaps
                 of
                 Stones
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 them
                 rais'd
                 up
                 high
                 Altars
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 they
                 fix'd
                 the
                 spoils
                 taken
                 from
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 as
                 Eternal
                 Monuments
                 of
                 their
                 Expedition
                 .
                 They
                 bestow'd
                 a
                 Silver
                 Cup
                 and
                 a
                 Persian
                 Garment
                 upon
                 the
                 Guide
                 ;
                 who
                 pointing
                 to
                 them
                 the
                 way
                 to
                 the
                 *
                 Macrones
                 ,
                 took
                 his
                 leave
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Grecians
                 entred
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Macrones
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 in
                 confirmation
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 Grecians
                 received
                 a
                 Spear
                 from
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 another
                 to
                 them
                 :
                 for
                 this
                 was
                 a
                 certain
                 pledge
                 of
                 the
                 faithful
                 observance
                 of
                 their
                 Leagues
                 (
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 their
                 forefathers
                 )
                 as
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 alledg'd
                 :
                 When
                 they
                 had
                 pass'd
                 the
                 Mountains
                 in
                 these
                 parts
                 ,
                 they
                 came
                 down
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Colchians
                 ,
                 where
                 a
                 great
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 came
                 forth
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 Grecians
                 routed
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 vast
                 numbers
                 of
                 them
                 :
                 Then
                 possessing
                 themselves
                 of
                 a
                 Hill
                 ,
                 naturally
                 desencible
                 ,
                 thence
                 they
                 wasted
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 bringing
                 all
                 the
                 spoil
                 thither
                 ,
                 they
                 plentifully
                 refresh'd
                 themselves
                 .
                 In
                 these
                 places
                 were
                 multitudes
                 of
                 Bees-hives
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 
                 might
                 be
                 had
                 large
                 Honey-combs
                 :
                 But
                 a
                 mischief
                 to
                 admiration
                 happen'd
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 
                 tasted
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 eat
                 never
                 so
                 little
                 went
                 presently
                 Mad
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 upon
                 the
                 ground
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 dead
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 many
                 fed
                 themselves
                 with
                 these
                 Combs
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 multitude
                 lay
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 slain
                 in
                 a
                 Field-Battle
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 sad
                 day
                 to
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 being
                 amaz'd
                 with
                 the
                 strangeness
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 lay
                 groveling
                 upon
                 the
                 ground
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 next
                 
                 day
                 about
                 the
                 same
                 hour
                 all
                 came
                 to
                 themselves
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 rose
                 up
                 of
                 sound
                 and
                 perfect
                 Mind
                 ,
                 and
                 found
                 themselves
                 in
                 no
                 other
                 condition
                 than
                 as
                 if
                 Health
                 and
                 Strength
                 had
                 been
                 restored
                 'em
                 by
                 drinking
                 of
                 a
                 Medicinal
                 potion
                 .
                 Being
                 thus
                 recover'd
                 ,
                 three
                 days
                 after
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 *
                 Trapezon
                 a
                 Greek
                 City
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 Colony
                 of
                 *
                 Sinopians
                 ,
                 and
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Colchians
                 :
                 Here
                 they
                 continu'd
                 Thirty
                 Days
                 ,
                 being
                 bountifully
                 entertain'd
                 by
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 sacrific'd
                 to
                 Hercules
                 and
                 to
                 
                   Jupiter
                   Soter
                
                 ,
                 and
                 celebrated
                 the
                 *
                 Gymnick
                 Games
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 the
                 common
                 Fame
                 that
                 the
                 Ship
                 Argos
                 with
                 Jason
                 and
                 his
                 companions
                 arriv'd
                 here
                 .
                 Hence
                 Cheirisophus
                 the
                 General
                 was
                 sent
                 to
                 Byzantium
                 to
                 procure
                 Shipping
                 to
                 convey
                 them
                 thither
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 and
                 Anaxibius
                 the
                 Bizantian
                 Admiral
                 were
                 accounted
                 intimate
                 and
                 special
                 friends
                 ;
                 thither
                 therefore
                 he
                 speedily
                 sails
                 .
                 The
                 Grecians
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 two
                 small
                 Vessels
                 by
                 the
                 Trapezons
                 ,
                 made
                 incursions
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 upon
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Barbarians
                 .
                 Thirty
                 days
                 they
                 had
                 waited
                 for
                 the
                 return
                 of
                 Cheirisophus
                 :
                 but
                 he
                 staying
                 longer
                 than
                 they
                 expected
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Provision
                 now
                 growing
                 scant
                 ,
                 they
                 departed
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 three
                 days
                 reacht
                 unto
                 *
                 Gerasunta
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 likewise
                 a
                 Grecian
                 City
                 ,
                 built
                 by
                 the
                 *
                 Sinopians
                 ,
                 After
                 they
                 had
                 staid
                 here
                 a
                 few
                 days
                 they
                 march'd
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Mesynecans
                 ,
                 but
                 here
                 they
                 were
                 assail'd
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 in
                 great
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 an
                 Engagement
                 kill'd
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 ;
                 those
                 that
                 escap'd
                 fled
                 to
                 a
                 Town
                 they
                 inhabited
                 ,
                 defended
                 with
                 wooden
                 *
                 Towers
                 ,
                 Seven
                 Stories
                 of
                 Chambers
                 one
                 above
                 another
                 .
                 This
                 Town
                 the
                 Grecians
                 assaulted
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 took
                 it
                 by
                 Storm
                 .
                 This
                 Place
                 was
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 and
                 chiefest
                 Fort
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 highest
                 part
                 stood
                 the
                 King's
                 Palace
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 here
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 must
                 continue
                 in
                 this
                 Palace
                 during
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 issue
                 out
                 all
                 his
                 Edicts
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 The
                 Grecians
                 related
                 that
                 they
                 pass'd
                 through
                 no
                 Nation
                 more
                 barbarous
                 than
                 this
                 :
                 for
                 the
                 Men
                 stick
                 not
                 to
                 have
                 carnal
                 knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 Women
                 in
                 open
                 view
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 better
                 and
                 richer
                 sort
                 fatten
                 their
                 Children
                 with
                 boil'd
                 Walnuts
                 .
                 and
                 are
                 stigmatiz'd
                 with
                 divers
                 marks
                 burnt
                 into
                 their
                 Flesh
                 ,
                 both
                 upon
                 their
                 Backs
                 and
                 Breasts
                 .
                 The
                 Grecians
                 march'd
                 through
                 this
                 Country
                 in
                 Eight
                 days
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 the
                 next
                 call'd
                 Tibaris
                 in
                 Three
                 .
                 Thence
                 they
                 pass'd
                 to
                 Gotyora
                 a
                 Greek
                 City
                 and
                 Colony
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Sinopians
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 abode
                 Fifty
                 days
                 ,
                 wasting
                 and
                 spoiling
                 the
                 barbarous
                 Nations
                 bordering
                 upon
                 Paphlagonia
                 .
                 Here
                 the
                 Heraclians
                 and
                 Sinopians
                 furnish'd
                 them
                 with
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 both
                 they
                 and
                 their
                 Cargo
                 were
                 convey'd
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 Sinope
                 was
                 built
                 by
                 the
                 Milesians
                 ,
                 situated
                 within
                 the
                 Confines
                 of
                 Paphlagonia
                 ;
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 account
                 and
                 Authority
                 of
                 any
                 in
                 those
                 parts
                 .
                 Here
                 Mithridates
                 (
                 so
                 famous
                 in
                 our
                 Age
                 by
                 his
                 Wars
                 against
                 the
                 Romans
                 )
                 kept
                 his
                 Court.
                 Cheirisophus
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 sent
                 away
                 for
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 in
                 vain
                 )
                 return'd
                 to
                 the
                 Army
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 other
                 Sinopians
                 having
                 entertain'd
                 them
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 demonstrations
                 of
                 Kindness
                 and
                 Humanity
                 ,
                 took
                 care
                 to
                 convey
                 them
                 to
                 Heraclea
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Megarensians
                 .
                 From
                 thence
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 a
                 Peninsula
                 call'd
                 Acherusia
                 ,
                 where
                 Hercules
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Fable
                 is
                 )
                 drew
                 Cerberus
                 out
                 of
                 Hell.
                 Thence
                 they
                 march'd
                 by
                 Land
                 through
                 Bithynia
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 fell
                 into
                 great
                 hazards
                 and
                 hardships
                 by
                 the
                 Attacks
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 who
                 assaulted
                 them
                 in
                 every
                 place
                 as
                 they
                 pass'd
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 at
                 last
                 (
                 with
                 great
                 difficulty
                 )
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 Chrysopolis
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 Chalcedonia
                 *
                 Three
                 thousand
                 eight
                 hundred
                 being
                 only
                 left
                 of
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 .
                 From
                 hence
                 some
                 of
                 'em
                 with
                 ease
                 and
                 safety
                 return'd
                 every
                 Man
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 join'd
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 at
                 Chersonesus
                 ,
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 a
                 City
                 bordering
                 upon
                 Thrace
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 issue
                 of
                 Cyrus
                 his
                 Expedition
                 against
                 his
                 Brother
                 Artaxerxes
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 VI.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Thrasybulus
                   opposes
                   the
                   Thirty
                   Tyrants
                   .
                   The
                   Cruelty
                   of
                   Psammiticus
                   King
                   of
                   Aegypt
                   ,
                   towards
                   his
                   old
                   Friend
                   Tamos
                   that
                   fled
                   to
                   him
                   for
                   succour
                   from
                   the
                   
                     Persians
                     .
                     Dercyllidas
                  
                   sent
                   General
                   against
                   the
                   Persians
                   into
                   
                     Asia
                     .
                     Conon
                  
                   made
                   Admiral
                   of
                   the
                   Persian
                   Fleet.
                   
                
              
               
                 IN
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Usurping
                 Tyrants
                 at
                 Athens
                 every
                 day
                 were
                 banishing
                 or
                 putting
                 
                 to
                 Death
                 some
                 or
                 other
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 Cruelty
                 while
                 the
                 Thebans
                 were
                 much
                 Incens'd
                 ,
                 and
                 courteously
                 entertain'd
                 the
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 Thrasybulus
                 ,
                 Sirnam'd
                 Tyrius
                 ,
                 (
                 but
                 a
                 Citizen
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fly
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 Rage
                 of
                 the
                 Thirty
                 Usurpers
                 )
                 by
                 the
                 aid
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 underhand
                 posses'd
                 himself
                 of
                 a
                 Place
                 in
                 Attica
                 call'd
                 Phila.
                 It
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 strong
                 Castle
                 ,
                 an
                 *
                 Hundred
                 Stages
                 distant
                 from
                 Athens
                 :
                 By
                 which
                 means
                 an
                 easie
                 Passage
                 might
                 be
                 had
                 at
                 all
                 times
                 to
                 invade
                 Attica
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 had
                 Intelligence
                 of
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 they
                 led
                 forth
                 their
                 Forces
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 Besiege
                 the
                 Place
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 set
                 down
                 before
                 it
                 ,
                 there
                 fell
                 a
                 great
                 Snow
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 while
                 some
                 were
                 very
                 busie
                 in
                 removing
                 their
                 Tents
                 ,
                 the
                 Common
                 Soldiers
                 concluded
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Army
                 was
                 put
                 to
                 flight
                 by
                 an
                 Enemy
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 broke
                 in
                 suddenly
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 being
                 struck
                 with
                 a
                 *
                 Panick
                 Fear
                 ,
                 
                 they
                 drew
                 off
                 and
                 Encamp'd
                 in
                 another
                 Place
                 .
                 The
                 Thirty
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 the
                 Citizens
                 of
                 Athens
                 (
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 no
                 share
                 in
                 the
                 Administration
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 with
                 the
                 *
                 Three
                 thousand
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 hot
                 and
                 earnest
                 to
                 Dissolve
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 Encamp'd
                 in
                 the
                 Pireum
                 ,
                 and
                 over-aw'd
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 Foreign
                 Soldiers
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 some
                 of
                 Elusina
                 and
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 for
                 joining
                 in
                 a
                 Conspiracy
                 with
                 the
                 Exiles
                 .
              
               
                 Whilst
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 acting
                 ,
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 the
                 Fugitives
                 flock'd
                 to
                 the
                 Camp
                 of
                 Thrasybulus
                 ,
                 *
                 
                   and
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   there
                   came
                   to
                   him
                   Ambassadors
                   from
                   the
                   Thirty
                   ,
                
                 under
                 colour
                 to
                 treat
                 concerning
                 some
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 truth
                 privately
                 to
                 advise
                 him
                 to
                 dismiss
                 the
                 Fugitives
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 share
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Covernment
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 of
                 Theramenes
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 have
                 liberty
                 to
                 restore
                 any
                 Ten
                 of
                 the
                 Exiles
                 to
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 fit
                 to
                 chuse
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 Thrasybulus
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 look'd
                 upon
                 his
                 Banishment
                 to
                 be
                 far
                 more
                 honourable
                 than
                 the
                 whole
                 Power
                 and
                 Dominion
                 of
                 the
                 Thirty
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 never
                 put
                 up
                 his
                 Sword
                 till
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 from
                 every
                 Place
                 were
                 receiv'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 restor'd
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 Liberties
                 ,
                 descended
                 to
                 them
                 from
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 perceiv'd
                 the
                 Defection
                 increas'd
                 (
                 through
                 hatred
                 of
                 their
                 Tyranny
                 )
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 the
                 Exiles
                 increased
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 their
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Sparta
                 to
                 desire
                 aid
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 got
                 together
                 what
                 Forces
                 they
                 could
                 ,
                 and
                 Encamp'd
                 at
                 a
                 Place
                 call'd
                 
                   Acarnas
                   .
                   Thrasybulus
                
                 leaving
                 but
                 a
                 small
                 Guard
                 in
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 marches
                 out
                 against
                 them
                 with
                 Twelve
                 hundred
                 of
                 the
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 and
                 setting
                 upon
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 at
                 unawares
                 ,
                 kills
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 (
                 being
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 the
                 Tumult
                 and
                 Confusion
                 occasion'd
                 by
                 the
                 Surprize
                 )
                 he
                 forces
                 in
                 great
                 precipitation
                 to
                 fly
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 presently
                 after
                 the
                 success
                 of
                 this
                 attack
                 ,
                 he
                 marches
                 against
                 the
                 Pireum
                 ,
                 and
                 possesses
                 himself
                 of
                 Munychia
                 ,
                 a
                 barren
                 Hill
                 ,
                 but
                 strong
                 and
                 well
                 fortify'd
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 brought
                 all
                 their
                 Forces
                 into
                 the
                 Pireum
                 ,
                 and
                 assaulted
                 Munychia
                 by
                 Critias
                 
                 their
                 General
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 was
                 a
                 sharp
                 Encounter
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 had
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 Number
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Exiles
                 of
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 the
                 Thirty
                 (
                 being
                 discouraged
                 and
                 Critias
                 slain
                 )
                 retir'd
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Exiles
                 judg'd
                 it
                 not
                 advisable
                 to
                 pursue
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Frequent
                 Assaults
                 were
                 afterwards
                 made
                 upon
                 the
                 Exiles
                 ;
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 Army
                 of
                 Thrasybulus
                 broke
                 in
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 with
                 great
                 violence
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 only
                 routed
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 gain'd
                 possession
                 of
                 the
                 Pireum
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 great
                 Multitude
                 who
                 hated
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 continually
                 flock'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 into
                 the
                 Pireum
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Exiles
                 from
                 every
                 place
                 (
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Success
                 of
                 Thrasybulus
                 )
                 hasted
                 thither
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Exiles
                 exceeded
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 Encouragement
                 they
                 began
                 to
                 besiege
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 within
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 a
                 Peace
                 might
                 be
                 concluded
                 upon
                 fair
                 terms
                 ,
                 cast
                 off
                 the
                 Thirty
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 Established
                 a
                 Decemvirate
                 with
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 these
                 Ten
                 were
                 setled
                 in
                 the
                 Magistracy
                 (
                 instead
                 of
                 minding
                 any
                 thing
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Peace
                 )
                 they
                 turn'd
                 absolute
                 Tyrants
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 to
                 Lacedaemon
                 for
                 Forty
                 Ships
                 and
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 
                   Lysander
                   .
                   Pausanias
                
                 then
                 King
                 of
                 Lacedaemon
                 ,
                 both
                 out
                 of
                 Envy
                 to
                 
                 Lysander
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 understood
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 had
                 an
                 evil
                 Eye
                 against
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 march'd
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 reconcil'd
                 the
                 Exiles
                 and
                 the
                 Citizens
                 .
                 Thus
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 restor'd
                 to
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 began
                 to
                 govern
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 ancient
                 Laws
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 were
                 afraid
                 lest
                 they
                 should
                 suffer
                 due
                 Punishment
                 for
                 their
                 former
                 Wickedness
                 ,
                 had
                 Liberty
                 to
                 remove
                 themselves
                 to
                 Elusina
                 .
                 
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 they
                 of
                 Elis
                 fearing
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 them
                 upon
                 these
                 Terms
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 should
                 deliver
                 their
                 Ships
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 suffer
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Cities
                 to
                 govern
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 Lacedaemon
                 being
                 at
                 leisure
                 and
                 at
                 Peace
                 with
                 all
                 her
                 Neighbours
                 ,
                 prepares
                 for
                 War
                 against
                 them
                 of
                 Messina
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 them
                 then
                 held
                 a
                 Castle
                 in
                 Cephalenia
                 ,
                 others
                 inhabited
                 in
                 Naupachus
                 (
                 within
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Locrians
                 (
                 call'd
                 Hesperians
                 )
                 formerly
                 given
                 to
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 cast
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 both
                 ,
                 and
                 restored
                 the
                 Castle
                 to
                 the
                 Cephalenians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 to
                 the
                 Locrians
                 .
                 The
                 miserable
                 Messinians
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 ancient
                 hatred
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 )
                 were
                 expell'd
                 every
                 where
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 forced
                 to
                 leave
                 Greece
                 marching
                 away
                 with
                 their
                 Arms
                 ;
                 some
                 sail'd
                 to
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 Listed
                 themselves
                 Soldiers
                 under
                 Dionysius
                 ;
                 others
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Three
                 thousand
                 made
                 to
                 *
                 Cyrene
                 ,
                 and
                 join'd
                 with
                 other
                 Exiles
                 there
                 :
                 For
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 a
                 great
                 Sedition
                 was
                 among
                 the
                 Cyrenians
                 after
                 Aristo
                 with
                 some
                 others
                 had
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 Five
                 hundred
                 of
                 the
                 principal
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 were
                 slain
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 the
                 Exiles
                 of
                 Cyrene
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Messinians
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 against
                 them
                 who
                 kept
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 The
                 Parties
                 engag'd
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Fight
                 a
                 great
                 slaughter
                 was
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 Cyrenians
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Messinians
                 were
                 cut
                 off
                 .
                 After
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 Messengers
                 were
                 sent
                 to
                 and
                 fro
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 matter
                 at
                 length
                 was
                 compos'd
                 by
                 the
                 Cyrenians
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 who
                 engag'd
                 by
                 solemn
                 Oath
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   all
                   Injuries
                   should
                   be
                   afterwards
                   for
                   ever
                   forgotten
                
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 liv'd
                 together
                 from
                 that
                 time
                 peaceably
                 in
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 their
                 Common
                 wealth
                 .
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Romans
                 sent
                 Colonies
                 to
                 them
                 call'd
                 *
                 Ventras
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Year
                 ended
                 ,
                 Laches
                 was
                 made
                 Lord-Chancellor
                 of
                 Athens
                 .
                 At
                 Rome
                 the
                 Consular
                 
                 Dignity
                 was
                 given
                 again
                 to
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 
                   Manlius
                   Claudius
                
                 ,
                 *
                 
                   Marcus
                   Quintius
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Julius
                   ,
                   Marcus
                   Furius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Valerius
                
                 .
                 Then
                 was
                 celebrated
                 the
                 Ninety
                 Fifth
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Minos
                 the
                 Athenian
                 was
                 Victor
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Artaxerxes
                 King
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Defeat
                 of
                 Cyrus
                 ,
                 sent
                 *
                 Tissaphernes
                 to
                 take
                 into
                 his
                 Care
                 and
                 Charge
                 all
                 the
                 Governments
                 on
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Provinces
                 and
                 Cities
                 which
                 had
                 sided
                 with
                 Cyrus
                 were
                 greatly
                 terrify'd
                 ,
                 lest
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 punish'd
                 for
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 done
                 against
                 the
                 King
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 sought
                 to
                 qualify
                 Tissaphernes
                 by
                 their
                 Messengers
                 ;
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 of
                 his
                 Power
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 procure
                 his
                 Favour
                 .
                 But
                 Tamos
                 ,
                 the
                 Chiefest
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 (
                 Lord-Lieutenant
                 of
                 Ionia
                 )
                 put
                 his
                 Wealth
                 and
                 all
                 his
                 Children
                 on
                 board
                 ,
                 (
                 except
                 one
                 call'd
                 Gaus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 afterwards
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia's
                 General
                 )
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 Tissaphernes
                 ,
                 and
                 sail'd
                 into
                 Aegypt
                 for
                 Protection
                 ,
                 to
                 Psmammiticus
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 (
                 Descended
                 from
                 the
                 ancient
                 Psammiticus
                 )
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 formerly
                 oblig'd
                 by
                 several
                 good
                 Offices
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 hop'd
                 he
                 should
                 find
                 there
                 shelter
                 and
                 safe
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 to
                 secure
                 him
                 from
                 the
                 impending
                 Storm
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 's
                 Wrath.
                 But
                 Psammiticus
                 neither
                 valuing
                 former
                 Benefits
                 ,
                 nor
                 regarding
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 Nations
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 distress
                 ,
                 (
                 out
                 of
                 Covetousness
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Money
                 and
                 the
                 Ships
                 )
                 cut
                 the
                 Throat
                 of
                 his
                 Friend
                 and
                 Suppliant
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Children
                 .
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Graecian
                 Cities
                 throughout
                 Asia
                 ,
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Descent
                 of
                 Tissaphernes
                 ,
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 earnestly
                 intreated
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 utterly
                 destroy'd
                 by
                 the
                 Barharians
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 they
                 promis'd
                 forthwith
                 to
                 send
                 them
                 Aid
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 Ambassadors
                 sollicited
                 Tissaphernos
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 invade
                 the
                 Graecian
                 Cities
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 regardless
                 of
                 their
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 
                 he
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Cumeans
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Country
                 round
                 about
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 a
                 vast
                 Number
                 of
                 Prisoners
                 :
                 And
                 afterwards
                 besieged
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 but
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 Winter
                 coming
                 on
                 ,
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 take
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 (
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 a
                 great
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 for
                 the
                 Redemption
                 of
                 the
                 Captives
                 )
                 he
                 rais'd
                 his
                 Siege
                 .
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Lacedaemonians
                 in
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 ,
                 made
                 Thimbro
                 General
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 him
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 
                 raise
                 as
                 many
                 Men
                 more
                 from
                 among
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 fit
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 Service
                 .
                 
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Thimbro
                 goes
                 to
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 and
                 mustering
                 the
                 Aid
                 he
                 had
                 got
                 together
                 from
                 several
                 places
                 ,
                 he
                 passes
                 over
                 to
                 Ephesus
                 ,
                 with
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Men
                 :
                 After
                 he
                 had
                 raised
                 Two
                 thousand
                 more
                 from
                 the
                 Confederate
                 Cities
                 and
                 other
                 places
                 (
                 having
                 with
                 him
                 not
                 above
                 Seven
                 thousand
                 Men
                 )
                 he
                 march'd
                 an
                 *
                 Hundred
                 and
                 twenty
                 Stages
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Magnesia
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 Assault
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 within
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Tissaphernes
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Trallis
                 ,
                 a
                 Town
                 in
                 Ionia
                 ,
                 and
                 determin'd
                 to
                 Besiege
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 effect
                 any
                 thing
                 to
                 purpose
                 there
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 to
                 Magnesia
                 .
                 This
                 place
                 was
                 then
                 unwall'd
                 ,
                 therefore
                 (
                 fearing
                 lest
                 .
                 Tissaphernes
                 should
                 retake
                 it
                 after
                 he
                 was
                 gone
                 ;
                 )
                 he
                 remov'd
                 it
                 higher
                 to
                 the
                 next
                 Hill
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Thorax
                 .
                 From
                 whence
                 he
                 made
                 several
                 incursions
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 loaded
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 with
                 variety
                 of
                 Plunder
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 hearing
                 that
                 Tissaphernes
                 was
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Body
                 of
                 Horse
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 retir'd
                 to
                 Ephesus
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 part
                 of
                 those
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 went
                 along
                 with
                 Cyrus
                 against
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 return'd
                 into
                 Greece
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 .
                 Others
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 greater
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 always
                 accustomed
                 to
                 Military
                 Employment
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 almost
                 of
                 Five
                 thousand
                 ,
                 chose
                 Xenophon
                 for
                 their
                 General
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 those
                 Forces
                 made
                 an
                 Expedition
                 against
                 the
                 Thracians
                 .
                 who
                 inhabited
                 *
                 Salmidessus
                 .
                 This
                 is
                 a
                 long
                 Creek
                 lying
                 shooting
                 out
                 along
                 the
                 Left
                 side
                 of
                 Pontus
                 ,
                 well
                 known
                 for
                 the
                 many
                 Ship-wracks
                 that
                 have
                 been
                 there
                 :
                 by
                 reason
                 whereof
                 the
                 Thracians
                 near
                 those
                 parts
                 use
                 to
                 seize
                 upon
                 the
                 Merchants
                 that
                 have
                 escap'd
                 to
                 Shore
                 ,
                 and
                 carry
                 them
                 away
                 as
                 Captives
                 .
                 Xenophon
                 therefore
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 breaks
                 into
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 overcomes
                 them
                 in
                 Battle
                 ,
                 and
                 burns
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Towns
                 and
                 Villages
                 .
                 From
                 hence
                 they
                 are
                 sent
                 for
                 by
                 Thimbro
                 ,
                 with
                 promise
                 
                 of
                 being
                 well
                 paid
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 they
                 march'd
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 being
                 very
                 eager
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 against
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
              
               
                 During
                 these
                 Actions
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 builds
                 a
                 Town
                 at
                 the
                 foot
                 of
                 Aetna
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 a
                 certain
                 famous
                 Temple
                 ,
                 calls
                 it
                 Adranus
                 .
                 In
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 King
                 Archilaus
                 when
                 he
                 
                 was
                 Hunting
                 was
                 kill'd
                 by
                 Craterus
                 (
                 whom
                 he
                 dearly
                 lov'd
                 )
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 Reign'd
                 Seven
                 years
                 ;
                 and
                 his
                 Son
                 Orestes
                 (
                 yet
                 a
                 Child
                 )
                 succeeded
                 him
                 .
                 After
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 
                   Archelaus
                   Aetropus
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Tutor
                 and
                 Guardian
                 of
                 Orestes
                 Govern'd
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Six
                 years
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 in
                 
                   Athens
                   ,
                   Socrates
                
                 the
                 Philosopher
                 accus'd
                 by
                 Anytus
                 
                 and
                 Melitus
                 of
                 Atheism
                 ,
                 and
                 corrupting
                 the
                 Youth
                 ,
                 was
                 condemn
                 '
                 to
                 dye
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 executed
                 by
                 drinking
                 of
                 a
                 Cup
                 of
                 Poison
                 .
                 Of
                 which
                 wicked
                 Action
                 the
                 People
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 repented
                 ,
                 when
                 in
                 vain
                 they
                 could
                 have
                 wish'd
                 that
                 Excellent
                 and
                 worthy
                 Man
                 alive
                 again
                 :
                 therefore
                 they
                 turn'd
                 all
                 their
                 Fury
                 upon
                 his
                 Accusers
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 them
                 ,
                 without
                 staying
                 for
                 any
                 Formalities
                 of
                 Law.
                 
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Year
                 was
                 ended
                 ,
                 Aristocrates
                 bore
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 for
                 the
                 Year
                 ensuing
                 :
                 And
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 Six
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 were
                 invested
                 with
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Caius
                   Servilius
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Virginius
                   ,
                   Quintus
                   Sulpitius
                   ,
                   Aulus
                
                 *
                 
                   Manlius
                   ,
                   †
                   Capitus
                
                 ,
                 *
                 Clodius
                 ,
                 and
                 *
                 
                   Marcus
                   Ancus
                
                 .
                 During
                 their
                 Magistracy
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 understanding
                 that
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 were
                 ill
                 managed
                 by
                 Thimbro
                 ,
                 sent
                 Dercyllidas
                 General
                 into
                 Asia
                 .
                 Upon
                 his
                 arrival
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 march'd
                 with
                 the
                 Forces
                 against
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 
                 Troas
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 trice
                 took
                 *
                 
                   Arisba
                   ,
                   Hamaxitus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Colone
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 
                   Ilium
                   ,
                   Cebrene
                
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 in
                 the
                 Territory
                 of
                 Troas
                 ,
                 some
                 by
                 Tricks
                 and
                 Surprize
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 by
                 Storm
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 he
                 and
                 *
                 Pharnabazus
                 agreed
                 upon
                 a
                 Truce
                 for
                 eight
                 Months
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 he
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Thracians
                 in
                 Bythinia
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 drew
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Winter-Quarters
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 a
                 great
                 Sedition
                 broke
                 out
                 in
                 Heraclea
                 in
                 Thrachinia
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 sent
                 Eripidas
                 to
                 compose
                 the
                 Differences
                 ,
                 who
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 there
                 ,
                 procur'd
                 a
                 Council
                 to
                 be
                 call'd
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 beset
                 the
                 Senate
                 round
                 with
                 arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 seiz'd
                 the
                 Authors
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 all
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Men.
                 He
                 likewise
                 march'd
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Oetas
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 made
                 a
                 Defection
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 many
                 Hardships
                 he
                 had
                 reduc'd
                 them
                 unto
                 ,
                 he
                 forc'd
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 those
                 Places
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 fled
                 into
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 and
                 five
                 Years
                 after
                 were
                 transplanted
                 into
                 Boeotia
                 .
              
               
                 During
                 these
                 Affairs
                 the
                 Thracians
                 in
                 great
                 Bodies
                 made
                 an
                 Irruption
                 into
                 the
                 *
                 Chersonese
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 wasting
                 and
                 ravaging
                 the
                 Country
                 every
                 where
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 fenced
                 Cities
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 they
                 of
                 the
                 Chersonese
                 sent
                 for
                 Dercyllidas
                 the
                 Lacedaemonian
                 out
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 who
                 transported
                 his
                 Army
                 thither
                 ,
                 and
                 drave
                 the
                 Thracians
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ;
                 and
                 drawing
                 a
                 Wall
                 cross
                 from
                 one
                 Sea
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 fortify'd
                 the
                 Chersonese
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 he
                 prevented
                 the
                 Incursions
                 of
                 the
                 Thracians
                 for
                 the
                 
                 time
                 to
                 come
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 he
                 return'd
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 bountifully
                 
                 rewarded
                 for
                 his
                 Services
                 .
                 During
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Truce
                 ,
                 *
                 Pharnabozus
                 went
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 and
                 others
                 persuaded
                 him
                 to
                 equip
                 a
                 Navy
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 Conon
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 skilful
                 and
                 expert
                 Soldier
                 ,
                 the
                 best
                 that
                 was
                 then
                 in
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 with
                 King
                 
                   Evagorus
                   .
                   Pharnabazus
                
                 having
                 wrought
                 upon
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 business
                 to
                 set
                 forth
                 a
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 sounded
                 Conon
                 ,
                 concerning
                 his
                 acceptance
                 of
                 Chief
                 Command
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 he
                 created
                 him
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 making
                 him
                 many
                 great
                 and
                 fair
                 Promises
                 in
                 the
                 King's
                 Name
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 Conon
                 accepts
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 in
                 hopes
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 recover
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 the
                 Seas
                 for
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 by
                 subduing
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 advance
                 his
                 own
                 Reputation
                 by
                 the
                 success
                 of
                 his
                 Arms.
                 But
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 was
                 not
                 as
                 yet
                 ready
                 ,
                 he
                 sailed
                 away
                 only
                 with
                 Forty
                 Sail
                 into
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 prepared
                 himself
                 for
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 Pharnabazus
                 likewise
                 ,
                 and
                 Tissaphernes
                 having
                 rais'd
                 Men
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 several
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 .
                 
                 march'd
                 forth
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 their
                 way
                 towards
                 Ephesus
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Forces
                 lay
                 there
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 with
                 them
                 under
                 their
                 Command
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 Dereyllidas
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 march
                 ,
                 drew
                 forth
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 having
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 Seven
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 the
                 Armies
                 drew
                 near
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 a
                 Truce
                 was
                 agreed
                 upon
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 certain
                 time
                 prefixt
                 ,
                 within
                 which
                 ,
                 Pharnabazus
                 might
                 send
                 the
                 Articles
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 know
                 his
                 pleasure
                 ,
                 whether
                 he
                 would
                 have
                 Peace
                 or
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Dereyllidas
                 might
                 inform
                 the
                 Spartans
                 how
                 Affairs
                 stood
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 .
                 And
                 upon
                 these
                 terms
                 the
                 Armies
                 drew
                 off
                 into
                 their
                 several
                 Quarters
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   War
                   between
                   the
                   Rhegians
                   and
                   Dionysius
                   :
                   He
                   prepares
                   to
                   make
                   War
                   upon
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   .
                   Most
                   of
                   the
                   Cities
                   submit
                   to
                   Dionysius
                   .
                   He
                   returns
                   to
                   the
                   Siege
                   of
                   Motya
                   .
                   It
                   's
                   taken
                   .
                   Forces
                   sent
                   from
                   Carthage
                   against
                   Dionysius
                   .
                   A
                   Sea-fight
                   between
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   and
                   the
                   
                     Sicilians
                     .
                     Syracuse
                  
                   Besieg'd
                   .
                   The
                   Speech
                   of
                   Theodorus
                   against
                   Dionysius
                   .
                   A
                   grievous
                   Plague
                   in
                   the
                   Carthaginian
                   Army
                   .
                   A
                   great
                   destruction
                   of
                   the
                   Carthaginian
                   Fleet
                   in
                   the
                   Harbour
                   of
                   Syracuse
                   .
                   The
                   miserable
                   condition
                   of
                   Imilco
                   in
                   his
                   own
                   Country
                   .
                   The
                   Troubles
                   of
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   .
                
              
               
                 THE
                 Rhegians
                 ,
                 formerly
                 a
                 Colony
                 of
                 the
                 Chalcideans
                 ,
                 were
                 now
                 uneasie
                 under
                 the
                 growing
                 Power
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 had
                 enslav'd
                 the
                 Naxians
                 and
                 Gataneans
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Blood
                 and
                 Nation
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Rhegians
                 seeing
                 that
                 they
                 themselves
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 common
                 danger
                 with
                 those
                 already
                 express'd
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Consternation
                 ,
                 lest
                 they
                 should
                 all
                 be
                 brought
                 under
                 the
                 same
                 Calamity
                 .
                 Therefore
                 they
                 judg'd
                 it
                 most
                 advisable
                 ,
                 and
                 highly
                 to
                 concern
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 while
                 they
                 had
                 an
                 opportunity
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 grew
                 too
                 strong
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 were
                 banish'd
                 from
                 Syracuse
                 by
                 Dionysius
                 join'd
                 in
                 this
                 War
                 ,
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 by
                 the
                 Rhegians
                 :
                 for
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 multitude
                 of
                 them
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 at
                 *
                 Rhegium
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 being
                 press'd
                 by
                 the
                 Rhegians
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 necessity
                 and
                 advantage
                 they
                 were
                 likely
                 to
                 reap
                 by
                 the
                 War
                 )
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 opportunity
                 .
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 Officers
                 were
                 at
                 length
                 chosen
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 them
                 they
                 sent
                 Six
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Six
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 with
                 Fifty
                 Crabyes
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 landed
                 they
                 sollicited
                 the
                 Messenian
                 Commanders
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 telling
                 them
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 most
                 dishonourable
                 thing
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 suffer
                 
                 a
                 Grecian
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 next
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 utterly
                 destroy'd
                 by
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 .
                 The
                 Officers
                 being
                 thus
                 persuaded
                 ,
                 led
                 forth
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 without
                 the
                 order
                 of
                 the
                 State.
                 The
                 number
                 was
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 them
                 Thirty
                 Gallies
                 .
                 Before
                 they
                 had
                 march'd
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 borders
                 of
                 Messina
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 rais'd
                 a
                 great
                 Mutiny
                 
                 among
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 Speech
                 made
                 to
                 them
                 by
                 Laomedon
                 a
                 Messinian
                 ;
                 For
                 he
                 advis'd
                 'em
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Agressors
                 upon
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 not
                 hitherto
                 offer'd
                 them
                 any
                 injury
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 of
                 Messina
                 (
                 because
                 the
                 People
                 had
                 not
                 by
                 their
                 Suffrage
                 order'd
                 this
                 War
                 (
                 presently
                 follow'd
                 his
                 Advice
                 ,
                 and
                 forsaking
                 their
                 Captains
                 return'd
                 
                 home
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Rhegians
                 considering
                 themselves
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 
                 War
                 alone
                 ,
                 now
                 the
                 forces
                 of
                 Messina
                 were
                 fallen
                 off
                 ,
                 return'd
                 likewise
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 City
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 (
                 upon
                 the
                 first
                 notice
                 of
                 the
                 Design
                 upon
                 him
                 )
                 drawn
                 out
                 his
                 Forces
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 Confines
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 expecting
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 but
                 hearing
                 by
                 his
                 Spies
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 march'd
                 back
                 ,
                 he
                 likewise
                 return'd
                 with
                 his
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 of
                 Rhegium
                 and
                 Messina
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 treat
                 upon
                 Terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 (
                 he
                 conceiving
                 it
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 his
                 Affairs
                 to
                 prevent
                 all
                 other
                 Hostilities
                 and
                 Disturbances
                 from
                 these
                 Cities
                 )
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 He
                 likewise
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ran
                 into
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Garisons
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 bringing
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 their
                 Goods
                 and
                 Estates
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Laws
                 and
                 Customs
                 of
                 their
                 several
                 Cities
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 concluded
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 the
                 Peace
                 continu'd
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 yet
                 his
                 Subjects
                 would
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 be
                 sheltring
                 themselves
                 
                 under
                 their
                 Protection
                 ;
                 to
                 remedy
                 which
                 ,
                 he
                 conceiv'd
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 renew'd
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 fled
                 to
                 them
                 being
                 oppress'd
                 by
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 would
                 return
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 more
                 encourag'd
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 heard
                 that
                 in
                 Africa
                 a
                 Plague
                 then
                 rag'd
                 ,
                 and
                 swept
                 away
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 Having
                 now
                 therefore
                 a
                 fit
                 opportunity
                 to
                 declare
                 War
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 conceiv'd
                 ,
                 he
                 determin'd
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 his
                 chief
                 Care
                 to
                 prepare
                 Necessaries
                 for
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 being
                 to
                 engage
                 with
                 the
                 most
                 Potent
                 Nation
                 that
                 then
                 had
                 any
                 footing
                 in
                 Europe
                 ;
                 and
                 judging
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 very
                 well
                 might
                 )
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 likely
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 great
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 long
                 continuance
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 he
                 forthwith
                 gets
                 together
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Artificers
                 ,
                 some
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Towns
                 and
                 Cities
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Dominions
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 hir'd
                 with
                 more
                 than
                 ordinary
                 Wages
                 out
                 of
                 Italy
                 and
                 Greece
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Arms
                 and
                 Weapons
                 ;
                 likewise
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 three
                 Oars
                 on
                 a
                 Bank
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 Five
                 ,
                 which
                 last
                 were
                 never
                 us'd
                 before
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 purpose
                 a
                 great
                 multitude
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Workmen
                 were
                 brought
                 together
                 ,
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 whom
                 he
                 order'd
                 their
                 proper
                 Work
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Trades
                 ,
                 and
                 appointed
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 most
                 substantial
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 to
                 be
                 Overseers
                 ,
                 promising
                 great
                 Rewards
                 for
                 the
                 encouragement
                 of
                 the
                 diligent
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 directed
                 the
                 Form
                 and
                 Fashion
                 of
                 every
                 sort
                 of
                 Weapon
                 ,
                 because
                 Mercenary
                 Soldiers
                 came
                 flocking
                 in
                 to
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 many
                 different
                 Countries
                 :
                 for
                 he
                 purpos'd
                 that
                 every
                 one
                 should
                 
                 use
                 such
                 Arms
                 (
                 both
                 Offensive
                 and
                 Defensive
                 )
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 accustom'd
                 unto
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Nations
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 concluded
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 it
                 would
                 strike
                 a
                 greater
                 Terror
                 into
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 
                 so
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 would
                 Fight
                 much
                 the
                 better
                 with
                 those
                 Arms
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 most
                 commonly
                 us'd
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 did
                 all
                 they
                 could
                 to
                 forward
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 design
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 every
                 one
                 strove
                 who
                 could
                 most
                 advance
                 the
                 Work.
                 For
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 Porches
                 and
                 back
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Temples
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 publick
                 Schools
                 and
                 Walks
                 ,
                 and
                 Galleries
                 about
                 the
                 Forum
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 place
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 were
                 full
                 of
                 Workmen
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 these
                 publick
                 places
                 ,
                 Arms
                 were
                 made
                 in
                 great
                 number
                 in
                 every
                 large
                 House
                 belonging
                 to
                 any
                 Citizen
                 .
                 The
                 Art
                 of
                 making
                 *
                 Engines
                 to
                 hurl
                 great
                 Stones
                 was
                 now
                 first
                 known
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 most
                 excellent
                 Artificers
                 were
                 met
                 together
                 from
                 all
                 parts
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 great
                 Wages
                 and
                 large
                 Promises
                 of
                 Rewards
                 to
                 the
                 perfecting
                 of
                 the
                 Work
                 ,
                 made
                 the
                 Tradesmen
                 and
                 Artificers
                 very
                 intent
                 and
                 industrious
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 himself
                 came
                 every
                 day
                 to
                 oversee
                 the
                 Workmen
                 ,
                 speaking
                 kindly
                 and
                 courteously
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 any
                 more
                 than
                 ordinarily
                 diligent
                 ,
                 and
                 quick
                 of
                 dispatch
                 ,
                 that
                 Man
                 would
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 receive
                 some
                 Reward
                 or
                 Honour
                 as
                 a
                 mark
                 of
                 his
                 Favour
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 for
                 further
                 encouragement
                 he
                 would
                 invite
                 such
                 to
                 Dine
                 or
                 Sup
                 with
                 him
                 .
                 The
                 Artificers
                 thus
                 encourag'd
                 ,
                 wrought
                 with
                 all
                 diligence
                 (
                 striving
                 to
                 out-vie
                 one
                 another
                 )
                 so
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 made
                 a
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 strange
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 and
                 Warlike
                 Engines
                 for
                 Battery
                 .
                 He
                 
                 built
                 likewise
                 Gallies
                 with
                 their
                 Boats
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 Three
                 and
                 Five
                 Oars
                 on
                 a
                 Bank
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 last
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 Inventer
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 he
                 understood
                 the
                 first
                 Galley
                 of
                 Three
                 Oars
                 was
                 made
                 at
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 desirous
                 a
                 Colony
                 from
                 thence
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 were
                 )
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 should
                 enlarge
                 the
                 number
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 provided
                 plenty
                 of
                 Materials
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 over
                 from
                 Italy
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 away
                 one
                 half
                 of
                 the
                 Workmen
                 to
                 
                   Mount
                   Aetna
                
                 (
                 where
                 in
                 those
                 days
                 were
                 abundance
                 of
                 Firr
                 and
                 Pitch
                 Trees
                 )
                 the
                 rest
                 he
                 commanded
                 to
                 sail
                 to
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 them
                 Carts
                 to
                 convey
                 the
                 Timber
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 Ships
                 and
                 Seamen
                 there
                 to
                 receive
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 without
                 delay
                 to
                 transport
                 them
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Dionysius
                 had
                 got
                 together
                 Materials
                 sufficient
                 for
                 his
                 purpose
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 set
                 about
                 building
                 above
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 resit
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Ten.
                 Besides
                 ,
                 he
                 built
                 several
                 Holds
                 round
                 the
                 Harbor
                 for
                 the
                 receiving
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 sixty
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 many
                 would
                 receive
                 two
                 Ships
                 apiece
                 .
                 He
                 likewise
                 repair'd
                 and
                 cover'd
                 over
                 with
                 new
                 Planks
                 ,
                 and
                 Hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 old
                 and
                 useless
                 Vessels
                 :
                 This
                 
                 great
                 preparation
                 struck
                 the
                 Beholders
                 with
                 admiration
                 ,
                 to
                 see
                 so
                 vast
                 a
                 number
                 of
                 Ships
                 and
                 all
                 belonging
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 built
                 together
                 in
                 one
                 place
                 .
                 For
                 indeed
                 the
                 preparation
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 a
                 Man
                 did
                 cast
                 his
                 Eies
                 upon
                 the
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 consider
                 the
                 great
                 Costs
                 and
                 Expences
                 in
                 fitting
                 them
                 out
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 presently
                 conclude
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Power
                 and
                 Riches
                 ,
                 of
                 Sicily
                 were
                 there
                 imploy'd
                 .
                 And
                 then
                 to
                 turn
                 and
                 look
                 upon
                 the
                 Army
                 and
                 Engines
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 judge
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 Art
                 or
                 Trade
                 ,
                 but
                 what
                 there
                 had
                 shew'd
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 their
                 skill
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 of
                 what
                 could
                 possibly
                 be
                 done
                 in
                 that
                 kind
                 .
                 And
                 tho'
                 he
                 had
                 perform'd
                 all
                 these
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 Cost
                 and
                 Care
                 ,
                 that
                 nothing
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 wanting
                 ,
                 or
                 could
                 be
                 added
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 Magnificent
                 and
                 Glorious
                 ;
                 yet
                 for
                 further
                 State
                 
                 and
                 Grace
                 to
                 the
                 preparation
                 he
                 made
                 ,
                 an
                 hundred
                 and
                 forty
                 thousand
                 Bucklers
                 ,
                 or
                 Targets
                 ,
                 as
                 many
                 Swords
                 and
                 Helmets
                 ,
                 and
                 caus'd
                 to
                 be
                 forg'd
                 Fourteen
                 thousand
                 Corssets
                 ,
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 excellent
                 Workmanship
                 :
                 These
                 he
                 appointed
                 and
                 order'd
                 to
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 Colonels
                 and
                 Captains
                 of
                 the
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 who
                 were
                 of
                 his
                 Life-Guard
                 .
                 He
                 prepar'd
                 likewise
                 Engines
                 of
                 Battery
                 of
                 all
                 fashions
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 Darts
                 .
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 provided
                 one
                 half
                 of
                 the
                 long
                 Ships
                 ,
                 with
                 Masters
                 ,
                 Pilots
                 ,
                 and
                 Rowers
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Citizens
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 rest
                 Dionysius
                 hir'd
                 Foreigners
                 .
                 After
                 all
                 the
                 Ships
                 and
                 Arms
                 were
                 ready
                 and
                 compleat
                 ,
                 he
                 then
                 began
                 to
                 call
                 his
                 Army
                 together
                 :
                 for
                 he
                 thought
                 it
                 not
                 advisable
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 before
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 to
                 avoid
                 Charge
                 and
                 Expence
                 .
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Astydamus
                 the
                 Writer
                 of
                 Tragedies
                 began
                 to
                 open
                 his
                 School
                 ;
                 he
                 liv'd
                 Sixty
                 years
                 :
                 And
                 this
                 year
                 the
                 Romans
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 besieging
                 the
                 Veians
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 
                 Sally
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 were
                 totally
                 routed
                 ,
                 and
                 shamefully
                 put
                 to
                 flight
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 former
                 Year
                 expir'd
                 ,
                 Ithycles
                 was
                 made
                 Lord
                 Chancelor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 Rome
                 Six
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 bore
                 the
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 ;
                 
                   Lucius
                   Julius
                   ,
                   Marcus
                   Furius
                
                 ,
                 
                 *
                 
                   Emilius
                   Marcus
                
                 *
                 
                   Caius
                   Cornelius
                   ,
                   Cesus
                   Fabius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 *
                 
                   Paulus
                   Sextus
                
                 .
                 This
                 Year
                 Dionysius
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 finish'd
                 his
                 preparation
                 of
                 Ships
                 and
                 Arms
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 before
                 Declar'd
                 )
                 began
                 to
                 muster
                 his
                 Forces
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 he
                 chose
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 Companies
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 fittest
                 for
                 his
                 purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 for
                 such
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 most
                 serviceable
                 from
                 those
                 Towns
                 that
                 favour'd
                 his
                 Interest
                 :
                 He
                 hir'd
                 likewise
                 Soldiers
                 out
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 from
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 :
                 For
                 from
                 them
                 (
                 to
                 whom
                 he
                 ow'd
                 the
                 growth
                 and
                 increase
                 of
                 his
                 Power
                 )
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 as
                 many
                 Soldiers
                 as
                 he
                 would
                 for
                 the
                 compleating
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 :
                 For
                 designing
                 to
                 raise
                 a
                 numerousArmy
                 of
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 this
                 end
                 offering
                 large
                 Pay
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 multitudes
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 he
                 had
                 determin'd
                 upon
                 a
                 War
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 very
                 great
                 ,
                 he
                 carry'd
                 himself
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 camplacency
                 imaginable
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 through
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 purpose
                 thereby
                 to
                 gain
                 their
                 good
                 Will
                 and
                 Approbation
                 .
                 Knowing
                 likewise
                 that
                 they
                 of
                 Rhegium
                 and
                 Messina
                 who
                 border'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 bring
                 great
                 Forces
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 fear
                 lest
                 they
                 should
                 join
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 when
                 they
                 return'd
                 into
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 concluded
                 that
                 no
                 small
                 advantage
                 would
                 accrue
                 to
                 that
                 side
                 to
                 which
                 those
                 two
                 Cities
                 inclin'd
                 .
                 Being
                 in
                 this
                 perplexity
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 to
                 the
                 Messinians
                 a
                 large
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 next
                 adjoining
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 thereby
                 the
                 more
                 to
                 oblige
                 them
                 to
                 his
                 Interest
                 .
                 He
                 dispatcht
                 likewise
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Rhegium
                 ,
                 to
                 desire
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 contract
                 affinity
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 bestow
                 upon
                 him
                 a
                 Virgin
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 City
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Wife
                 ;
                 in
                 grateful
                 remembrance
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 would
                 give
                 them
                 a
                 large
                 portion
                 of
                 Land
                 next
                 adjoining
                 to
                 their
                 Territories
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 endeavour
                 to
                 advance
                 and
                 increase
                 the
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Prosperity
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 of
                 his
                 Power
                 .
                 For
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 lost
                 his
                 former
                 Wife
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Hermocrates
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 kill'd
                 in
                 the
                 late
                 defection
                 of
                 the
                 Horsemen
                 ,
                 he
                 desir'd
                 Issue
                 by
                 another
                 ,
                 supposing
                 he
                 should
                 firmly
                 settle
                 himself
                 in
                 his
                 Sovereignty
                 by
                 the
                 kindness
                 and
                 obliging
                 demeanor
                 of
                 his
                 Children
                 towards
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 But
                 a
                 Council
                 being
                 call'd
                 at
                 Rhegium
                 to
                 consider
                 of
                 the
                 Proposal
                 ,
                 after
                 great
                 banding
                 
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 it
                 was
                 resolv'd
                 not
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 any
                 such
                 Affinity
                 .
              
               
                 Dionysius
                 being
                 disappointed
                 in
                 this
                 Project
                 ,
                 sends
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Locris
                 upon
                 the
                 same
                 Embassy
                 :
                 They
                 embrac'd
                 the
                 Motion
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 he
                 Marrys
                 Dorides
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Xenetus
                 ,
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 the
                 most
                 eminent
                 Citizen
                 of
                 that
                 place
                 .
                 A
                 few
                 days
                 before
                 the
                 Marriage
                 he
                 sends
                 to
                 Locris
                 a
                 Gally
                 of
                 *
                 Five
                 Oars
                 on
                 a
                 Bank
                 (
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 new
                 and
                 rare
                 Workmanship
                 )
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 Flags
                 ,
                 and
                 Streamers
                 to
                 convey
                 her
                 over
                 ,
                 and
                 receives
                 the
                 Lady
                 upon
                 her
                 Landing
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 Castle
                 .
                 He
                 Marry'd
                 likewise
                 a
                 Noble
                 Lady
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Aristomacha
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 brought
                 to
                 his
                 Palace
                 in
                 a
                 *
                 Chariot
                 drawn
                 with
                 four
                 white
                 Horses
                 .
                 Upon
                 his
                 celebrating
                 this
                 double
                 Marriage
                 at
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 he
                 often
                 Feasted
                 both
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 and
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 .
                 For
                 now
                 he
                 laid
                 aside
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 as
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 and
                 minding
                 the
                 distribution
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 carry'd
                 himself
                 more
                 courteously
                 and
                 favourably
                 towards
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 forbearing
                 his
                 former
                 bloody
                 Slaughters
                 and
                 Proscriptions
                 .
              
               
               
                 Some
                 few
                 days
                 after
                 his
                 Marriage
                 he
                 call'd
                 a
                 Senate
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 to
                 a
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 urging
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 most
                 implacable
                 Enemies
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 ,
                 were
                 continually
                 plotting
                 and
                 contriving
                 how
                 to
                 ruin
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 .
                 The
                 reason
                 ,
                 saith
                 he
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 now
                 at
                 present
                 quiet
                 ,
                 is
                 because
                 the
                 Plague
                 rages
                 so
                 violently
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 hath
                 swept
                 away
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 the
                 Africans
                 ;
                 but
                 you
                 'll
                 presently
                 see
                 that
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 free
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 recover'd
                 their
                 strength
                 they
                 'l
                 invade
                 Si●ily
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Power
                 ,
                 which
                 Island
                 they
                 have
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 most
                 greedily
                 gap'd
                 after
                 .
                 Therefore
                 ,
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 it
                 is
                 much
                 safer
                 and
                 better
                 
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 them
                 now
                 they
                 are
                 weak
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 stay
                 till
                 they
                 have
                 recover'd
                 themselves
                 .
                 He
                 added
                 moreover
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 most
                 unjust
                 and
                 dishonourable
                 thing
                 to
                 suffer
                 Barbarians
                 to
                 enslave
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 who
                 the
                 more
                 they
                 coveted
                 their
                 Freedom
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fonder
                 they
                 were
                 of
                 their
                 Liberties
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 certainly
                 more
                 ready
                 to
                 engage
                 in
                 the
                 common
                 Cause
                 with
                 their
                 Country-men
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 debated
                 this
                 Matter
                 in
                 a
                 long
                 Discourse
                 ,
                 he
                 easily
                 gain'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 for
                 their
                 consent
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 as
                 desirous
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 as
                 Dionysius
                 himself
                 :
                 and
                 especially
                 they
                 hated
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 because
                 by
                 their
                 means
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 brought
                 under
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 :
                 and
                 then
                 they
                 hop'd
                 that
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 abroad
                 ,
                 and
                 Plots
                 by
                 them
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 oppress'd
                 at
                 home
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 would
                 be
                 more
                 moderate
                 than
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 in
                 former
                 times
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 weigh'd
                 more
                 than
                 all
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 hop'd
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 Conquerors
                 in
                 this
                 War
                 (
                 and
                 Fortune
                 favour'd
                 them
                 )
                 they
                 should
                 recover
                 their
                 ancient
                 Liberties
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Assembly
                 was
                 dissolv'd
                 ,
                 he
                 granted
                 License
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 to
                 seize
                 upon
                 all
                 the
                 Goods
                 and
                 Estates
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 Syracuse
                 that
                 were
                 very
                 rich
                 ;
                 and
                 many
                 Merchants
                 had
                 Ships
                 then
                 lay
                 loaden
                 with
                 rich
                 Goods
                 and
                 Merchandize
                 in
                 the
                 Harbor
                 .
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 therefore
                 on
                 a
                 suddain
                 flew
                 upon
                 the
                 Prey
                 .
                 Other
                 Cities
                 likewise
                 in
                 Sicily
                 drave
                 out
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 that
                 inhabited
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 all
                 their
                 Estates
                 .
                 For
                 tho'
                 they
                 all
                 hated
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 delight
                 to
                 them
                 to
                 join
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 barbarous
                 and
                 beastly
                 cruelty
                 of
                 the
                 Men.
                 And
                 therefore
                 those
                 
                 Grecians
                 that
                 inhabited
                 the
                 Cities
                 within
                 the
                 power
                 and
                 jurisdiction
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 that
                 now
                 open
                 War
                 was
                 Declar'd
                 against
                 them
                 by
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 gave
                 instances
                 likewise
                 of
                 their
                 hatred
                 against
                 the
                 Africans
                 :
                 for
                 they
                 not
                 only
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 all
                 their
                 Estates
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 their
                 Persons
                 ,
                 and
                 executed
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Cruelty
                 and
                 Disgraces
                 upon
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 these
                 miserable
                 wretches
                 in
                 memory
                 and
                 retribution
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 they
                 themselves
                 before
                 suffer'd
                 when
                 their
                 Cities
                 were
                 destroy'd
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 And
                 they
                 went
                 on
                 and
                 continu'd
                 this
                 sharp
                 Revenge
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 they
                 might
                 learn
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 by
                 this
                 example
                 of
                 Retaliation
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 execute
                 such
                 barbarous
                 Cruelties
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 afterwards
                 subdue
                 .
                 For
                 hereby
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 taught
                 (
                 having
                 learnt
                 by
                 experience
                 )
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 events
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 common
                 Turns
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 the
                 Party
                 subdu'd
                 ,
                 must
                 expect
                 to
                 suffer
                 that
                 which
                 they
                 themselves
                 before
                 executed
                 ,
                 upon
                 those
                 they
                 had
                 conquered
                 ,
              
               
                 Dionysius
                 having
                 now
                 prepar'd
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 determin'd
                 to
                 send
                 Messengers
                 to
                 Carthage
                 to
                 denounce
                 War
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 
                 unless
                 they
                 restor'd
                 all
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 they
                 had
                 subdu'd
                 to
                 their
                 Ancient
                 Laws
                 and
                 Liberties
                 .
                 Thus
                 were
                 the
                 Thoughts
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 employ'd
                 .
                 With
                 this
                 year
                 Ctesias
                 ends
                 his
                 History
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 brought
                 down
                 from
                 Ninus
                 and
                 Semiramis
                 .
                 At
                 
                 this
                 time
                 flourish'd
                 the
                 famous
                 Poets
                 for
                 Dithyrambick
                 Verse
                 ,
                 
                   Philoxenus
                   ,
                   Cythereus
                   ,
                   Timotheus
                   ,
                   Philesius
                   ,
                   Telestes
                
                 of
                 Selinunte
                 ,
                 and
                 Bolyeidus
                 an
                 excellent
                 Limner
                 and
                 Musician
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 the
                 expiration
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 Year
                 Lisiades
                 entred
                 upon
                 the
                 Chief
                 Magistracy
                 
                 at
                 Athens
                 .
                 And
                 six
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 were
                 invested
                 with
                 the
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 viz.
                 
                   Publius
                   Mellius
                   ,
                   Marnius
                   Spurius
                   ,
                   Furius
                   Lucius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 three
                 others
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 the
                 Syracusian
                 Tyrant
                 (
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Hearts
                 desire
                 )
                 sends
                 an
                 Herald
                 with
                 a
                 Letter
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 at
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 was
                 written
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   the
                   People
                   of
                
                 Syracuse
                 
                   had
                   Decreed
                   to
                   make
                   War
                   upon
                   the
                
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 
                   unless
                   they
                   quitted
                   all
                   the
                
                 Grecian
                 
                   Cities
                   in
                
                 Sicily
                 .
                 The
                 Herald
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 Order
                 ,
                 Sails
                 over
                 into
                 Africa
                 ,
                 and
                 delivers
                 the
                 Letter
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 read
                 first
                 in
                 the
                 House
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 it
                 occasion'd
                 no
                 small
                 disturbance
                 and
                 perplexity
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 through
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 coming
                 so
                 suddainly
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Plague
                 had
                 destroy'd
                 an
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 were
                 altogether
                 unprovided
                 of
                 every
                 thing
                 necessary
                 .
                 Therefore
                 they
                 had
                 now
                 nothing
                 to
                 do
                 but
                 to
                 observe
                 how
                 far
                 the
                 Designs
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 would
                 proceed
                 ,
                 and
                 whither
                 they
                 would
                 tend
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 to
                 send
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 to
                 raise
                 Soldiers
                 out
                 of
                 Europe
                 .
              
               
               
                 Dionysius
                 now
                 marches
                 out
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 towards
                 Aeryx
                 with
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 Mercenaries
                 and
                 
                 Confederate
                 Auxiliaries
                 .
                 Not
                 far
                 from
                 this
                 Hill
                 stood
                 the
                 City
                 Motia
                 ,
                 a
                 Colony
                 of
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 a
                 strong
                 Castle
                 and
                 in-let
                 into
                 Sicily
                 :
                 By
                 reducing
                 of
                 this
                 they
                 hop'd
                 they
                 should
                 gain
                 no
                 small
                 advantage
                 ,
                 and
                 prevent
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 he
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 the
                 People
                 every
                 where
                 to
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 Auxiliaries
                 from
                 all
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 him
                 all
                 along
                 in
                 his
                 March.
                 For
                 they
                 were
                 eager
                 and
                 hot
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 both
                 because
                 they
                 hated
                 the
                 Slavery
                 they
                 suffer'd
                 under
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 likewise
                 prick'd
                 forward
                 with
                 the
                 ardent
                 Desire
                 and
                 Hopes
                 they
                 had
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 recover
                 their
                 Liberties
                 .
                 First
                 the
                 Camerineans
                 join'd
                 him
                 :
                 then
                 the
                 Geloans
                 and
                 Acragentines
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 sent
                 to
                 them
                 of
                 Himera
                 ,
                 who
                 inhabited
                 further
                 off
                 in
                 another
                 part
                 of
                 Sicily
                 :
                 With
                 these
                 and
                 the
                 Selinuntines
                 who
                 join'd
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 March
                 ,
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Motya
                 ;
                 His
                 Army
                 consisted
                 of
                 Fourscore
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 three
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 In
                 his
                 Fleet
                 he
                 had
                 little
                 less
                 than
                 Two
                 hundred
                 long
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 or
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 attend
                 these
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 at
                 least
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Ships
                 of
                 burden
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 Warlike
                 Engines
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Provision
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 they
                 of
                 Eryx
                 saw
                 the
                 wonderful
                 Preparation
                 that
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 withal
                 hating
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 they
                 sided
                 with
                 Dionysius
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 of
                 Motya
                 ,
                 in
                 expectation
                 of
                 Aid
                 and
                 Relief
                 from
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 were
                 not
                 affrighted
                 at
                 the
                 Greatness
                 of
                 
                 Dionysius's
                 Army
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 abide
                 a
                 Siege
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 knew
                 very
                 well
                 that
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 would
                 besiege
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 wholly
                 devoted
                 to
                 the
                 Interest
                 of
                 Carthage
                 .
                 This
                 City
                 is
                 situated
                 in
                 an
                 Island
                 about
                 
                 half
                 a
                 League
                 from
                 the
                 Shore
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 large
                 and
                 beautifully
                 Built
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 very
                 Rich.
                 A
                 straight
                 and
                 narrow
                 Way
                 had
                 been
                 made
                 by
                 Art
                 from
                 the
                 Island
                 to
                 the
                 Shore
                 ;
                 which
                 they
                 of
                 Motya
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ruin'd
                 ,
                 to
                 prevent
                 so
                 ready
                 an
                 access
                 for
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 taken
                 a
                 View
                 of
                 the
                 Situation
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 his
                 Architects
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 fill
                 up
                 the
                 Place
                 between
                 the
                 Island
                 and
                 the
                 Shore
                 with
                 Rubbish
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 his
                 Gallies
                 into
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 at
                 Anchor
                 with
                 his
                 Ships
                 of
                 Burden
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Shore
                 .
                 This
                 done
                 ,
                 he
                 leaves
                 Leptinus
                 the
                 Admiral
                 of
                 his
                 Fleet
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 Land
                 Army
                 sets
                 upon
                 the
                 Cities
                 that
                 were
                 Confederated
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Sicily
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 presently
                 submit
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 except
                 only
                 Five
                 ,
                 
                   viz.
                   Ancyra
                   ,
                   Solas
                   ,
                   Egista
                   ,
                   Panormus
                   ,
                
                 and
                 Entella
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 he
                 Spoils
                 and
                 Wastes
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Solantines
                   ,
                   Panormitans
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Ancyreans
                 ,
                 and
                 cuts
                 down
                 all
                 their
                 Trees
                 :
                 But
                 besieges
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Egistines
                 and
                 Entellans
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 fierce
                 and
                 continual
                 Assaults
                 ,
                 uses
                 his
                 utmost
                 Endeavour
                 to
                 take
                 them
                 by
                 Storm
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 now
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Imilco
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 General
                 ,
                 was
                 busie
                 in
                 Raising
                 of
                 Men
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 ;
                 and
                 making
                 other
                 Preparations
                 ,
                 but
                 forthwith
                 sends
                 away
                 the
                 Admiral
                 with
                 
                 ten
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Command
                 secretly
                 to
                 weigh
                 Anchor
                 and
                 make
                 straight
                 for
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 to
                 destroy
                 the
                 Ships
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 then
                 find
                 in
                 the
                 Harbour
                 .
                 His
                 Project
                 was
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 to
                 divide
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Forces
                 ,
                 constraining
                 Dionysius
                 to
                 send
                 away
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Fleet
                 to
                 defend
                 Syracuse
                 .
                 The
                 Admiral
                 without
                 delay
                 observes
                 his
                 Orders
                 ,
                 and
                 entring
                 the
                 Harbour
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 privately
                 (
                 not
                 discern'd
                 of
                 any
                 )
                 breaks
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 sinks
                 and
                 destroys
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Ships
                 that
                 were
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 and
                 sails
                 back
                 towards
                 Carthage
                 .
              
               
                 Dionysius
                 having
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Fields
                 and
                 Territories
                 of
                 all
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 under
                 the
                 Protection
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 driven
                 the
                 Enemy
                 every
                 where
                 within
                 their
                 
                 Walls
                 ,
                 returns
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 to
                 Motya
                 ;
                 supposing
                 that
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 reduc'd
                 this
                 the
                 rest
                 would
                 all
                 presently
                 surrender
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 setting
                 more
                 hands
                 at
                 work
                 he
                 speedily
                 fills
                 up
                 the
                 Channel
                 with
                 heaps
                 of
                 Stone
                 and
                 Rubbish
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 makes
                 his
                 approaches
                 with
                 his
                 Batteries
                 nearer
                 to
                 the
                 Town
                 .
                 But
                 ,
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 very
                 time
                 ,
                 Imilco
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 General
                 ,
                 hearing
                 that
                 Dionysius
                 had
                 brought
                 his
                 Ships
                 into
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 Mann'd
                 an
                 Hundred
                 of
                 his
                 best
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 supposing
                 that
                 by
                 a
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 Attack
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 easily
                 possess
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 as
                 
                 they
                 lay
                 in
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 (
                 none
                 being
                 out
                 at
                 Sea
                 to
                 obstruct
                 his
                 Design
                 )
                 which
                 if
                 it
                 succeeded
                 he
                 should
                 raise
                 the
                 Siege
                 at
                 Motya
                 ,
                 and
                 carry
                 the
                 War
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 this
                 End
                 ,
                 he
                 looses
                 from
                 Carthage
                 with
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 arrived
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 upon
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Selinunte
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 sailing
                 round
                 the
                 Promontory
                 of
                 Lilybeum
                 ,
                 about
                 break
                 of
                 Day
                 reaches
                 Motya
                 ;
                 where
                 surprizing
                 the
                 Enemy
                 he
                 breaks
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 to
                 pieces
                 ,
                 and
                 burns
                 others
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 then
                 to
                 afford
                 any
                 assistance
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 enters
                 into
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 orders
                 and
                 places
                 his
                 Ships
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 design'd
                 to
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Fleet
                 as
                 they
                 lay
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 commands
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 march
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Harbour
                 :
                 But
                 seeing
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 had
                 possessed
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 Passage
                 ,
                 he
                 
                 durst
                 not
                 bring
                 his
                 Ships
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Port
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 knew
                 that
                 the
                 Mouth
                 being
                 very
                 narrow
                 and
                 straight
                 ,
                 a
                 few
                 Ships
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 Fight
                 with
                 many
                 above
                 their
                 Number
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 to
                 Advantage
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 ,
                 having
                 many
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 he
                 easily
                 drew
                 the
                 Ships
                 over
                 the
                 Land
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 at
                 a
                 further
                 distance
                 from
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 preserv'd
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Imilco
                 pressing
                 upon
                 those
                 Gallies
                 that
                 lay
                 foremost
                 and
                 next
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 was
                 by
                 multitude
                 of
                 Darts
                 repuls'd
                 ;
                 for
                 many
                 Darters
                 and
                 Slingers
                 were
                 plac'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Decks
                 .
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 likewise
                 from
                 Land
                 kill'd
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 by
                 their
                 sharp
                 Arrows
                 shot
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Engines
                 of
                 Battery
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 truth
                 these
                 sort
                 of
                 Darts
                 struck
                 great
                 terror
                 into
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 being
                 the
                 first
                 time
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 us'd
                 and
                 found
                 out
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 saw
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 accomplish
                 his
                 design
                 ,
                 he
                 drew
                 off
                 and
                 sail'd
                 back
                 for
                 Africk
                 ,
                 judging
                 it
                 in
                 nowise
                 prudent
                 to
                 Engage
                 in
                 a
                 Sea-fight
                 with
                 an
                 Enemy
                 double
                 his
                 number
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 many
                 Workmen
                 had
                 perfected
                 the
                 Bank
                 or
                 Rampier
                 ,
                 he
                 applied
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Engines
                 of
                 Battery
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 battering
                 the
                 Towers
                 with
                 the
                 Rams
                 ,
                 and
                 driving
                 the
                 Defendants
                 from
                 the
                 Bulwarks
                 with
                 the
                 shot
                 from
                 the
                 *
                 Engines
                 .
                 He
                 approach'd
                 likewise
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 with
                 *
                 six
                 floor'd
                 Towers
                 which
                 mov'd
                 upon
                 Wheels
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 as
                 high
                 as
                 any
                 House
                 .
              
               
                 However
                 ,
                 the
                 Citizens
                 of
                 Motya
                 ,
                 although
                 they
                 were
                 now
                 in
                 imminent
                 Danger
                 ,
                 and
                 destitute
                 of
                 all
                 aid
                 from
                 their
                 Consederates
                 ,
                 yet
                 fear'd
                 not
                 all
                 the
                 Force
                 and
                 Power
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 but
                 *
                 bravely
                 opposing
                 the
                 Assailants
                 ,
                 they
                 first
                 plac'd
                 Soldiers
                 cloath'd
                 in
                 Coats
                 of
                 Mail
                 upon
                 the
                 Masts
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 who
                 hoisting
                 up
                 their
                 Main-yards
                 threw
                 burning
                 Firebrands
                 and
                 Sticks
                 dipp'd
                 in
                 Pitch
                 ,
                 down
                 upon
                 the
                 Engines
                 ,
                 which
                 set
                 them
                 presently
                 on
                 Fire
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ran
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 quench'd
                 the
                 Flame
                 ,
                 so
                 ply'd
                 their
                 work
                 ,
                 that
                 with
                 the
                 frequent
                 and
                 Repeated
                 Batteries
                 by
                 the
                 Rams
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 fell
                 down
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 both
                 sides
                 rushing
                 into
                 the
                 Breach
                 with
                 great
                 Fury
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 sharp
                 Engagement
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 thinking
                 the
                 Town
                 now
                 had
                 been
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 endur'd
                 any
                 thing
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 insatiable
                 desire
                 they
                 had
                 to
                 revenge
                 themselves
                 upon
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 many
                 Injuries
                 they
                 had
                 suffer'd
                 by
                 them
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 to
                 avoid
                 
                 the
                 misery
                 of
                 Bondage
                 and
                 Slavery
                 ,
                 and
                 seeing
                 no
                 hopes
                 to
                 escape
                 either
                 by
                 Sea
                 or
                 Land
                 ,
                 resolved
                 valiantly
                 to
                 Die.
                 At
                 length
                 despairing
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Walls
                 any
                 longer
                 ,
                 they
                 stopt
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 Sally
                 Ports
                 and
                 betook
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Hold
                 and
                 Buildings
                 at
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 perfectly
                 built
                 as
                 another
                 strong
                 Wall.
                 From
                 hence
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 were
                 put
                 harder
                 to
                 it
                 than
                 they
                 were
                 before
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 got
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 (
                 thronging
                 in
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 )
                 and
                 thought
                 they
                 had
                 now
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 presently
                 most
                 miserably
                 gall'd
                 by
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 on
                 the
                 Tops
                 and
                 Roofs
                 of
                 these
                 Buildings
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 speed
                 they
                 could
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 their
                 wooden
                 Towers
                 ,
                 they
                 advanc'd
                 their
                 Scaling-Ladders
                 to
                 the
                 Houses
                 that
                 were
                 next
                 to
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 now
                 they
                 sought
                 hand
                 to
                 hand
                 from
                 the
                 Towers
                 and
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 the
                 Houses
                 which
                 equall'd
                 one
                 another
                 in
                 height
                 :
                 And
                 here
                 the
                 Motyans
                 stood
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 with
                 undaunted
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 having
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 in
                 their
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 and
                 possess'd
                 with
                 the
                 sense
                 of
                 the
                 imminent
                 danger
                 of
                 the
                 Ruine
                 and
                 Destruction
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 and
                 theirs
                 :
                 For
                 some
                 mov'd
                 with
                 the
                 earnest
                 Prayers
                 of
                 their
                 poor
                 Parents
                 then
                 present
                 ,
                 intreating
                 them
                 not
                 to
                 suffer
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 a
                 scoff
                 and
                 scorn
                 to
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 renew'd
                 their
                 Courage
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 any
                 regard
                 to
                 their
                 Lives
                 rush'd
                 into
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Assailants
                 :
                 Others
                 hearing
                 the
                 Cries
                 and
                 Complaints
                 of
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 made
                 the
                 more
                 haste
                 rather
                 
                 to
                 die
                 valiantly
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Captivity
                 and
                 Slavery
                 of
                 their
                 dearest
                 Relations
                 .
                 There
                 was
                 no
                 way
                 left
                 to
                 escape
                 or
                 fly
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 hemm'd
                 in
                 by
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 commanded
                 by
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 The
                 Cruelty
                 of
                 the
                 Graecians
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 already
                 executed
                 upon
                 their
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 likelihood
                 would
                 execute
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 was
                 that
                 which
                 chiefly
                 terrify'd
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 and
                 made
                 them
                 desperate
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 nothing
                 remain'd
                 but
                 either
                 to
                 Conquer
                 or
                 Die.
                 
              
               
                 This
                 Obstinacy
                 of
                 the
                 Besieged
                 ,
                 occasion'd
                 great
                 Toil
                 and
                 Hardship
                 to
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 were
                 lamentably
                 hurl'd
                 off
                 the
                 Scaffolds
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 made
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 ,
                 the
                 straitness
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 (
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 greatly
                 prejudiced
                 )
                 they
                 fought
                 with
                 Men
                 that
                 were
                 Desperate
                 and
                 prodigal
                 of
                 their
                 Lives
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 therefore
                 being
                 Engag'd
                 ,
                 some
                 giving
                 and
                 receiving
                 Wounds
                 fell
                 on
                 the
                 one
                 hand
                 ,
                 others
                 repuls'd
                 by
                 the
                 Motyans
                 ,
                 were
                 thrown
                 down
                 Headlong
                 from
                 the
                 Scaffolds
                 and
                 House
                 Tops
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 miserably
                 perish'd
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 Assault
                 having
                 continu'd
                 on
                 this
                 manner
                 several
                 whole
                 days
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 Evening
                 Dionysius
                 by
                 a
                 Trumpet
                 sounding
                 a
                 Retreat
                 to
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 the
                 Motyans
                 were
                 inur'd
                 now
                 to
                 this
                 way
                 of
                 Fighting
                 :
                 After
                 therefore
                 both
                 sides
                 were
                 drawn
                 off
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 sent
                 forth
                 Archylus
                 the
                 Thurian
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Regiments
                 ,
                 who
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 in
                 the
                 dead
                 of
                 Night
                 by
                 Scaling-Ladders
                 go●
                 
                 over
                 the
                 shatter'd
                 Houses
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 possessed
                 himself
                 of
                 a
                 convenient
                 Pass
                 ,
                 presently
                 the
                 rest
                 (
                 which
                 were
                 sent
                 to
                 his
                 assistance
                 by
                 Dionysius
                 )
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 Motyans
                 perceiv'd
                 it
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 Courage
                 and
                 Resolution
                 they
                 set
                 upon
                 them
                 to
                 beat
                 them
                 back
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 they
                 had
                 not
                 tim'd
                 it
                 right
                 ,
                 yet
                 their
                 Valour
                 was
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 impair'd
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 now
                 begun
                 a
                 fierce
                 Encounter
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 (
                 many
                 more
                 likewise
                 mounting
                 over
                 )
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 with
                 much
                 ado
                 (
                 over-powering
                 them
                 by
                 their
                 multitude
                 )
                 at
                 length
                 drave
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 Post
                 ;
                 and
                 presently
                 by
                 the
                 Mould
                 and
                 Bank
                 that
                 
                 was
                 rais'd
                 Dionysius
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 broke
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 every
                 place
                 was
                 strew'd
                 with
                 dead
                 Bodies
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 resolving
                 to
                 revenge
                 themselves
                 upon
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 for
                 their
                 former
                 Cruelties
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 regard
                 either
                 to
                 Age
                 or
                 Sex
                 ,
                 slew
                 all
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 putting
                 Man
                 ,
                 Woman
                 ,
                 and
                 Child
                 to
                 the
                 Sword.
                 But
                 Dionysius
                 having
                 a
                 mind
                 to
                 sell
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 for
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 thereby
                 to
                 raise
                 Money
                 ,
                 commanded
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 forbear
                 killing
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 that
                 none
                 regarded
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 rag'd
                 like
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 he
                 order'd
                 a
                 Cryer
                 by
                 publick
                 Proclamation
                 to
                 declare
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 would
                 have
                 the
                 Motyans
                 to
                 fly
                 for
                 refuge
                 to
                 the
                 Graecian
                 Temples
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Common
                 Soldiers
                 stopp'd
                 their
                 hands
                 ,
                 but
                 forthwith
                 sell
                 a
                 plundering
                 and
                 spoiling
                 all
                 through
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 carried
                 away
                 abundance
                 of
                 Silver
                 and
                 Gold
                 ,
                 rich
                 Garments
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 other
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Treasure
                 .
                 For
                 Dionysius
                 for
                 the
                 Encouragement
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 for
                 the
                 time
                 to
                 come
                 ,
                 had
                 given
                 them
                 the
                 Plunder
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 all
                 was
                 over
                 ,
                 he
                 rewarded
                 Archylus
                 who
                 first
                 mounted
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Hundred
                 *
                 Minas
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 every
                 one
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Merit
                 .
                 As
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Motyans
                 as
                 were
                 left
                 alive
                 he
                 sold
                 for
                 *
                 Slaves
                 :
                 But
                 Daimenes
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Greeks
                 who
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 and
                 were
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 he
                 commanded
                 to
                 be
                 *
                 Crucify'd
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 he
                 put
                 a
                 Garison
                 into
                 Motya
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Bito
                 the
                 Syracusian
                 Governor
                 ;
                 the
                 greater
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Garison
                 were
                 Sicilians
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 order'd
                 Leptinus
                 the
                 Admiral
                 with
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Twenty
                 sail
                 ,
                 to
                 watch
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 at
                 Sea
                 ;
                 and
                 likewise
                 to
                 make
                 Incursions
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 design'd
                 )
                 upon
                 Egista
                 and
                 Entella
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 return'd
                 with
                 the
                 Army
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 Summer
                 now
                 drawing
                 near
                 to
                 an
                 End.
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 Sophocles
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Sophocles
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 make
                 Tragedies
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 off
                 Twelve
                 times
                 a
                 Conqueror
                 .
                 
              
               
                 When
                 this
                 Year
                 was
                 ended
                 ,
                 Phormio
                 entred
                 upon
                 the
                 chief
                 Magistracy
                 at
                 Athens
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 Rome
                 six
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 executed
                 the
                 Consular
                 Authority
                 ;
                 
                   Cncius
                   Genusius
                   ,
                   Lucius
                
                 
                 
                   Atilius
                   ,
                   Marcus
                   Pomponius
                   ,
                   Gains
                   Duilius
                   ,
                   Marcus
                   Veturius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Valerius
                   Publius
                
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 was
                 celebrated
                 the
                 Ninety
                 Sixth
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Eupolis
                 of
                 Elis
                 was
                 Victor
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 their
                 Governments
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 Lord
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 marched
                 from
                 thence
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 invaded
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 was
                 wasting
                 
                 and
                 spoiling
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 the
                 Halicyans
                 out
                 of
                 Fear
                 of
                 him
                 sent
                 .
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 his
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 became
                 Confederates
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 of
                 Egesta
                 made
                 a
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 Sally
                 upon
                 the
                 Guards
                 of
                 the
                 Besiegers
                 and
                 burnt
                 their
                 Tents
                 ,
                 which
                 caus'd
                 a
                 great
                 Consternation
                 and
                 Tumult
                 through
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 For
                 the
                 Flame
                 catching
                 and
                 running
                 along
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 was
                 not
                 easily
                 quench'd
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 in
                 quenching
                 of
                 the
                 Fire
                 were
                 destroy'd
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 Horses
                 were
                 burnt
                 and
                 the
                 Tents
                 together
                 :
                 But
                 Dionysius
                 went
                 on
                 spoiling
                 and
                 wasting
                 the
                 Country
                 without
                 any
                 Opposition
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Leptinas
                 the
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 who
                 lay
                 then
                 with
                 the
                 Fleet
                 at
                 Motya
                 ,
                 was
                 very
                 intent
                 in
                 observing
                 the
                 Enemy
                 at
                 Sea.
                 And
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 having
                 certain
                 Intelligence
                 
                 of
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 exceed
                 him
                 in
                 all
                 warlike
                 Provision
                 and
                 Preparation
                 whatsoever
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 end
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Laws
                 )
                 they
                 made
                 Imilco
                 their
                 King
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 rais'd
                 Forces
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 parts
                 of
                 Africa
                 and
                 Spain
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 some
                 were
                 their
                 own
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 Mercenaries
                 :
                 At
                 length
                 they
                 got
                 together
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 above
                 Three
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 besides
                 Chariots
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Four
                 hundred
                 .
                 They
                 had
                 likewise
                 a
                 Fleet
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Three
                 hundred
                 long
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 for
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 Six
                 hundred
                 Ships
                 of
                 Burden
                 (
                 as
                 Ephorus
                 relates
                 )
                 to
                 Tran●port
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 Engines
                 of
                 Battery
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Necessaries
                 for
                 the
                 War.
                 But
                 Timeus
                 affirms
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 not
                 above
                 a
                 Hundred
                 thousand
                 were
                 transported
                 from
                 Africa
                 into
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 Three
                 thousand
                 of
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 join'd
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 over
                 .
                 Imilco
                 deliver'd
                 Commissions
                 seal'd
                 up
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Officers
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Command
                 they
                 should
                 not
                 open
                 them
                 till
                 they
                 were
                 out
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 to
                 Execute
                 their
                 Orders
                 .
                 He
                 did
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Spies
                 which
                 might
                 be
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 inform
                 Dionysius
                 of
                 the
                 Design
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet.
                 The
                 Orders
                 were
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 should
                 make
                 straight
                 to
                 Panormus
                 ;
                 Upon
                 this
                 they
                 all
                 set
                 sail
                 with
                 a
                 fair
                 Wind
                 :
                 The
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 made
                 directly
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 open
                 Sea
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Gallies
                 sail'd
                 along
                 the
                 Coast
                 of
                 Africa
                 .
              
               
               
                 When
                 the
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 and
                 Ships
                 of
                 Burden
                 with
                 a
                 fresh
                 Gale
                 came
                 within
                 sight
                 of
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   Dionysius
                
                 sent
                 out
                 Leptines
                 with
                 Thirty
                 Sail
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 with
                 Order
                 to
                 Sink
                 and
                 Destory
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 who
                 forthwith
                 made
                 up
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 those
                 he
                 first
                 met
                 with
                 ,
                 and
                 sunk
                 several
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Men
                 in
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 (
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 heavy
                 loaden
                 )
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 Wind
                 fortunately
                 veering
                 about
                 ,
                 easily
                 escap'd
                 ;
                 but
                 about
                 Fifty
                 were
                 sunk
                 down
                 right
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 were
                 lost
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 hundred
                 
                 Chariots
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Imilco
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Panormus
                 ,
                 and
                 landing
                 his
                 Men
                 march'd
                 directly
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 Comanding
                 the
                 Fleet
                 to
                 sail
                 along
                 upon
                 the
                 Coast
                 near
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 In
                 his
                 march
                 he
                 entred
                 Eryx
                 by
                 Treachery
                 ;
                 and
                 thence
                 hasten'd
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 Motya
                 :
                 
                 And
                 because
                 Dionysius
                 was
                 then
                 busie
                 in
                 besieging
                 of
                 
                   Egista
                   ,
                   Imilco
                
                 had
                 the
                 Opportunity
                 to
                 take
                 Motya
                 by
                 Storm
                 .
              
               
                 Although
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 were
                 very
                 earnest
                 and
                 desirous
                 to
                 fight
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 yet
                 Dionysius
                 judg'd
                 it
                 more
                 advisable
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 draw
                 off
                 to
                 some
                 other
                 Place
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 both
                 far
                 off
                 from
                 his
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Provisions
                 too
                 began
                 to
                 grow
                 very
                 low
                 .
                 Determining
                 therefore
                 to
                 be
                 gone
                 ,
                 he
                 advis'd
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 to
                 quit
                 their
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 join
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 promising
                 to
                 plant
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 richer
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 no
                 less
                 a
                 Country
                 than
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 telling
                 them
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 War
                 was
                 ended
                 ,
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 would
                 ,
                 might
                 return
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 Habitations
                 :
                 upon
                 this
                 ,
                 some
                 few
                 of
                 them
                 embrac'd
                 the
                 Offer
                 ,
                 lest
                 if
                 they
                 refus'd
                 they
                 should
                 have
                 been
                 plunder'd
                 by
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 :
                 The
                 rest
                 deserted
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Haliceans
                 ,
                 who
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 renew'd
                 their
                 League
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 therefore
                 made
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 spoiling
                 and
                 wasting
                 the
                 Country
                 all
                 along
                 as
                 he
                 march'd
                 .
                 But
                 Imilco
                 seeing
                 all
                 things
                 succeed
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Hearts
                 desire
                 ,
                 march'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 against
                 Messina
                 ,
                 earnest
                 to
                 possess
                 himself
                 of
                 that
                 City
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 its
                 fit
                 and
                 convenient
                 situation
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Haven
                 there
                 was
                 very
                 commodious
                 ,
                 capable
                 to
                 receive
                 his
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 which
                 consisted
                 of
                 about
                 Six
                 hundred
                 
                 Sail
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 having
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 in
                 those
                 parts
                 ,
                 he
                 judg'd
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 intercept
                 all
                 the
                 Shipping
                 that
                 should
                 be
                 sent
                 both
                 from
                 Italy
                 and
                 Peloponnesus
                 ;
                 to
                 aid
                 them
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 While
                 he
                 was
                 musing
                 and
                 considering
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 Hymera
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Cephalaedium
                 .
                 And
                 taking
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Lipara
                 ,
                 he
                 impos'd
                 a
                 Mulct
                 of
                 Thirty
                 Talents
                 upon
                 the
                 Islanders
                 .
                 Then
                 
                 he
                 march'd
                 straight
                 away
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 for
                 Messina
                 (
                 his
                 Fleet
                 sailing
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 over
                 against
                 him
                 )
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 encamp'd
                 at
                 Pelorides
                 ,
                 not
                 above
                 a
                 *
                 Hundred
                 Stages
                 from
                 thence
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 of
                 the
                 City-heard
                 of
                 the
                 approach
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 they
                 began
                 to
                 disagree
                 about
                 the
                 concerns
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 For
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 understanding
                 the
                 great
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 seeing
                 how
                 they
                 deserted
                 by
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 wanted
                 their
                 Horse
                 which
                 were
                 then
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 were
                 of
                 Opinion
                 that
                 the
                 City
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 defended
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 to
                 their
                 further
                 discouragement
                 ,
                 their
                 Walls
                 were
                 down
                 in
                 many
                 places
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 had
                 now
                 no
                 time
                 to
                 make
                 necessary
                 
                 Preparations
                 for
                 their
                 Defence
                 .
                 Therefore
                 they
                 sent
                 away
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 their
                 choicest
                 Goods
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 richest
                 of
                 their
                 Treasures
                 to
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Cities
                 .
                 Others
                 there
                 were
                 who
                 remembred
                 an
                 old
                 Prophesie
                 ,
                 whereby
                 it
                 was
                 foretold
                 by
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   the
                
                 Carthaginians
                 
                   should
                   be
                   carriers
                   of
                   Water
                   in
                   that
                   City
                   :
                
                 which
                 was
                 commonly
                 interpreted
                 in
                 that
                 Sense
                 ,
                 as
                 might
                 portend
                 most
                 advantage
                 to
                 themselves
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 should
                 be
                 Slaves
                 in
                 Messina
                 .
                 From
                 hence
                 they
                 were
                 very
                 confident
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 greatly
                 encourag'd
                 others
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 undergo
                 the
                 utmost
                 extremity
                 in
                 defence
                 of
                 their
                 common
                 Liberty
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 sent
                 out
                 therefore
                 presently
                 a
                 select
                 number
                 of
                 their
                 briskest
                 young
                 Men
                 to
                 Pelorides
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Inroads
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 ;
                 who
                 did
                 according
                 to
                 Order
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Imilco
                 seeing
                 the
                 Messinians
                 dispers'd
                 and
                 scatter'd
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 oppose
                 his
                 Descent
                 ,
                 he
                 commanded
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Ships
                 to
                 make
                 towards
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 For
                 he
                 hop'd
                 
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 might
                 easily
                 conjecture
                 )
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Garrison
                 of
                 Messina
                 would
                 be
                 so
                 earnest
                 in
                 opposing
                 his
                 breaking
                 into
                 their
                 Borders
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 City
                 would
                 be
                 left
                 unguarded
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 easie
                 for
                 his
                 Fleet
                 to
                 enter
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 the
                 North
                 Wind
                 blew
                 fresh
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 the
                 Ships
                 were
                 carry'd
                 with
                 a
                 full
                 Gale
                 straight
                 into
                 the
                 Harbor
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 the
                 Guard
                 sent
                 to
                 Pilorides
                 hasten'd
                 back
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Fleet
                 was
                 in
                 before
                 they
                 return'd
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Army
                 coming
                 in
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 speedily
                 batter'd
                 down
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 entred
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 Messina
                 .
                 As
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Messinions
                 as
                 engag'd
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 died
                 valiantly
                 upon
                 the
                 spot
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 next
                 Cities
                 :
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 common
                 People
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Mountains
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 dispers'd
                 and
                 scatter'd
                 into
                 several
                 Garrisons
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 :
                 Some
                 were
                 taken
                 by
                 
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 others
                 that
                 were
                 got
                 into
                 narrow
                 Creeks
                 about
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 flung
                 themselves
                 
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 thinking
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 swim
                 over
                 to
                 *
                 Land
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ;
                 but
                 of
                 Two
                 hundred
                 scarce
                 Fifty
                 recover'd
                 the
                 Shoar
                 of
                 Italy
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 Imilco
                 entred
                 Messina
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 first
                 thing
                 he
                 set
                 upon
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 Besieging
                 the
                 Castles
                 and
                 Forts
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 but
                 being
                 very
                 strong
                 and
                 bravely
                 defended
                 by
                 them
                 that
                 had
                 fled
                 thither
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 win
                 them
                 by
                 force
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 And
                 having
                 refresh'd
                 and
                 recruited
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 march
                 against
                 Syracuse
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Sicilians
                 bearing
                 an
                 inveterate
                 hatred
                 to
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 having
                 now
                 a
                 fair
                 opportunity
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 (
                 except
                 the
                 Assarines
                 )
                 fell
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Carthaginians
                   .
                   Dionysius
                
                 therefore
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 he
                 might
                 be
                 supply'd
                 with
                 Men
                 ,
                 sets
                 free
                 all
                 the
                 Slaves
                 and
                 Servants
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 them
                 sufficiently
                 Mann'd
                 Threescore
                 Gallies
                 :
                 he
                 was
                 furnish'd
                 likewise
                 
                 with
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Mercenaries
                 from
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 :
                 Passing
                 likewise
                 from
                 place
                 to
                 place
                 through
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 he
                 fortify'd
                 all
                 the
                 Castles
                 and
                 strong
                 Holds
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 them
                 with
                 Provision
                 .
                 But
                 his
                 greatest
                 care
                 was
                 to
                 fortifie
                 the
                 Castles
                 of
                 the
                 Leontines
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 laid
                 up
                 Stores
                 and
                 Magazines
                 there
                 ,
                 brought
                 in
                 from
                 all
                 parts
                 .
                 He
                 likewise
                 persuaded
                 the
                 Campanians
                 ,
                 who
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 inhabited
                 in
                 Catana
                 ,
                 to
                 remove
                 and
                 reside
                 at
                 the
                 City
                 Aetna
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 place
                 of
                 great
                 strength
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 things
                 thus
                 setled
                 Dionysius
                 led
                 forth
                 his
                 Army
                 an
                 hundred
                 and
                 sixty
                 Stages
                 from
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 encamp'd
                 near
                 to
                 a
                 place
                 call'd
                 Taurus
                 .
                 He
                 then
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 something
                 above
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 :
                 His
                 Navy
                 consisted
                 of
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 fourscore
                 Ships
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 were
                 but
                 few
                 that
                 had
                 Three
                 Oars
                 on
                 a
                 Bank.
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Imilco
                 demolish'd
                 Messina
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 pull
                 down
                 
                 the
                 Houses
                 to
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 not
                 one
                 stick
                 should
                 be
                 left
                 standing
                 ,
                 or
                 one
                 Stone
                 upon
                 another
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 effectually
                 executed
                 by
                 burning
                 some
                 and
                 pulling
                 down
                 others
                 .
                 For
                 by
                 so
                 many
                 hands
                 the
                 business
                 was
                 done
                 in
                 a
                 trice
                 :
                 and
                 such
                 was
                 the
                 ruine
                 and
                 desolation
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 that
                 that
                 place
                 which
                 was
                 so
                 lately
                 full
                 of
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 could
                 now
                 scarce
                 be
                 known
                 where
                 it
                 stood
                 .
                 For
                 Imilco
                 considering
                 how
                 remote
                 it
                 was
                 from
                 the
                 
                 Confederate
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 the
                 best
                 Port
                 and
                 Situation
                 in
                 all
                 Sioily
                 ,
                 judg'd
                 it
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 either
                 to
                 ruine
                 it
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 so
                 far
                 to
                 destroy
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 it
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 repair'd
                 in
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 And
                 thus
                 Imilco
                 ,
                 having
                 sufficiently
                 discover'd
                 his
                 implacable
                 hatred
                 to
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 commanded
                 Mago
                 the
                 Admiral
                 to
                 sail
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 to
                 the
                 Promontory
                 of
                 Taurus
                 .
                 Here
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 inhabited
                 in
                 great
                 numbers
                 ,
                 but
                 
                 without
                 any
                 Head
                 or
                 certain
                 Commander
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 had
                 heretofore
                 given
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Naxians
                 to
                 these
                 Sicilians
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 induc'd
                 by
                 the
                 Promises
                 of
                 Imilco
                 then
                 dwelt
                 upon
                 this
                 Hill
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 naturally
                 fortisy'd
                 )
                 and
                 there
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 they
                 were
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 continu'd
                 after
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 City
                 strongly
                 Wall'd
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Tauromenium
                 ,
                 from
                 its
                 situation
                 
                 upon
                 Taurus
                 .
              
               
                 Imilco
                 himself
                 by
                 swift
                 marches
                 came
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 the
                 before
                 mention'd
                 place
                 of
                 
                   Naxia
                   ,
                   Mago
                
                 sailing
                 all
                 along
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Coast
                 :
                 But
                 because
                 Mount
                 Aeina
                 had
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 vomited
                 out
                 Fire
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ;
                 the
                 Army
                 at
                 land
                 could
                 not
                 march
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 Fleet
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 to
                 attend
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 passages
                 by
                 the
                 Sea-Shoar
                 were
                 so
                 spoil'd
                 and
                 choak'd
                 up
                 by
                 Rivers
                 and
                 Streams
                 of
                 Fire
                 from
                 Aetna
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Army
                 
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 take
                 a
                 Compass
                 and
                 march
                 round
                 the
                 Mountain
                 .
                 Therefore
                 Imilco
                 commanded
                 Mago
                 to
                 sail
                 towards
                 Catana
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 Army
                 hasten'd
                 thro
                 the
                 heart
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 to
                 join
                 again
                 with
                 the
                 Fleet
                 at
                 that
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 afraid
                 lest
                 when
                 the
                 Forces
                 were
                 divided
                 and
                 far
                 asunder
                 ,
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 should
                 set
                 upon
                 Mago
                 by
                 Sea
                 ;
                 which
                 happen'd
                 accordingly
                 .
                 For
                 Dionysius
                 having
                 intelligence
                 that
                 Mugo
                 sail'd
                 very
                 slowly
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Land
                 Army
                 was
                 engag'd
                 in
                 along
                 and
                 difficult
                 March
                 ,
                 hasten'd
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 Catana
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 fight
                 Mago
                 by
                 Sea
                 before
                 Imilco's
                 Army
                 came
                 up
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 hop'd
                 that
                 being
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 with
                 his
                 Land
                 Forces
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 much
                 encourage
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 discourage
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 considerable
                 was
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 his
                 Fleet
                 were
                 worsted
                 ,
                 both
                 Ships
                 and
                 Men
                 had
                 a
                 place
                 ready
                 to
                 retreat
                 unto
                 for
                 their
                 safety
                 
              
               
                 Things
                 thus
                 order'd
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 forth
                 Leptines
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 commanding
                 him
                 to
                 engage
                 in
                 close
                 Order
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 break
                 his
                 Line
                 upon
                 any
                 account
                 ,
                 unless
                 he
                 were
                 over
                 press'd
                 with
                 multitude
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 in
                 
                 Mago's
                 Fleet
                 Ships
                 of
                 burden
                 
                 and
                 Gallies
                 with
                 brazen
                 Beaks
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Five
                 hundred
                 .
                 The
                 Carthaginian's
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 saw
                 the
                 Coasts
                 full
                 of
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Navy
                 making
                 out
                 straight
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 were
                 greatly
                 amaz'd
                 ,
                 and
                 began
                 to
                 tack
                 about
                 and
                 make
                 into
                 the
                 Shoar
                 But
                 presently
                 recollecting
                 themselves
                 ,
                 they
                 consider'd
                 the
                 insuperable
                 hazard
                 they
                 should
                 run
                 themselves
                 into
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 fight
                 ,
                 both
                 with
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 at
                 Land
                 and
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Ships
                 at
                 one
                 time
                 ,
                 therefore
                 they
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 try
                 it
                 out
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 putting
                 themselves
                 
                 into
                 a
                 Line
                 of
                 Battel
                 ,
                 waited
                 to
                 receive
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 Leptines
                 eagerly
                 forcing
                 on
                 with
                 Thirty
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Gallies
                 in
                 the
                 Van
                 (
                 with
                 more
                 Valour
                 than
                 Prudence
                 )
                 began
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 falling
                 in
                 upon
                 the
                 first
                 Squadron
                 ,
                 sunk
                 several
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 Mago
                 with
                 his
                 Fleet
                 all
                 join'd
                 together
                 ,
                 they
                 surrounded
                 the
                 Thirty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 exceeding
                 in
                 Number
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 Valour
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 was
                 begun
                 a
                 sharp
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 which
                 look't
                 like
                 a
                 Fight
                 upon
                 Land
                 ,
                 the
                 Ships
                 grapling
                 close
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 distance
                 left
                 for
                 them
                 to
                 strike
                 with
                 their
                 Beaks
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 fought
                 hand
                 to
                 hand
                 with
                 their
                 Forecastles
                 close
                 in
                 front
                 together
                 :
                 Some
                 ,
                 while
                 they
                 were
                 attempting
                 to
                 board
                 their
                 Adversary
                 ,
                 were
                 hurl'd
                 over-board
                 ;
                 
                 others
                 effecting
                 what
                 they
                 design'd
                 ,
                 fought
                 valiantly
                 aboard
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 Ships
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 Leptines
                 over-power'd
                 with
                 number
                 ,
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 hoise
                 up
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 fly
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 coming
                 on
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 in
                 disorder
                 ,
                 were
                 easily
                 routed
                 by
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Flight
                 of
                 the
                 Admiral
                 encourag'd
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 greatly
                 discourag'd
                 and
                 distracted
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Fight
                 thus
                 ended
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 made
                 a
                 very
                 hot
                 pursuit
                 ,
                 and
                 sunk
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 ,
                 above
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Vessels
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Transport-Ships
                 that
                 lay
                 along
                 the
                 shoar
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Seamen
                 as
                 they
                 saw
                 them
                 swimming
                 to
                 get
                 to
                 the
                 Forces
                 that
                 were
                 upon
                 the
                 Land
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 many
                 being
                 kill'd
                 near
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 the
                 Shoar
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 Carcasses
                 and
                 Wrecks
                 :
                 the
                 Dionisians
                 being
                 not
                 able
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 to
                 help
                 them
                 .
                 Many
                 
                 were
                 kill'd
                 on
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 side
                 ;
                 but
                 there
                 were
                 above
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Gallies
                 of
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 sunk
                 and
                 taken
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 than
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Men
                 kill'd
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Navy
                 anchor'd
                 at
                 Catana
                 ,
                 whither
                 they
                 brought
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 the
                 Ships
                 they
                 had
                 taken
                 ,
                 and
                 drawing
                 them
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 shoar
                 ,
                 refitted
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Eves
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 Ears
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 might
                 be
                 entertain'd
                 with
                 the
                 Greatness
                 of
                 their
                 Victory
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 this
                 Misfortune
                 ,
                 the
                 Sicslians
                 judging
                 that
                 by
                 returning
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 they
                 should
                 suffer
                 much
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 brought
                 into
                 great
                 Straits
                 by
                 being
                 suddenly
                 besieg'd
                 ,
                 persuaded
                 Dionysius
                 rather
                 to
                 fight
                 Imilco
                 ;
                 alledging
                 ,
                 That
                 by
                 an
                 unexpected
                 Onset
                 ,
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 would
                 be
                 terrify'd
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 they
                 might
                 in
                 great
                 probability
                 repair
                 their
                 late
                 
                 Overthrow
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 inclining
                 to
                 this
                 Advice
                 ,
                 and
                 preparing
                 to
                 march
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 told
                 him
                 he
                 ran
                 a
                 great
                 hazard
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 reason
                 to
                 fear
                 lest
                 Imilco
                 would
                 invade
                 Syracuse
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 he
                 should
                 lose
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 he
                 alter'd
                 his
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 knowing
                 that
                 Messina
                 was
                 lately
                 lost
                 by
                 such
                 an
                 Oversight
                 ;
                 hereupon
                 he
                 hastned
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 not
                 thinking
                 it
                 safe
                 for
                 that
                 Place
                 to
                 be
                 without
                 a
                 strong
                 Garison
                 .
                 Many
                 of
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 upon
                 this
                 were
                 much
                 displeas'd
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 some
                 return'd
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Habitations
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 dispers'd
                 themselves
                 into
                 several
                 Castles
                 and
                 Forts
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 .
              
               
                 Imilco
                 in
                 two
                 days
                 march
                 came
                 to
                 Catana
                 ,
                 and
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Ships
                 that
                 were
                 there
                 to
                 be
                 drawn
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 Wind
                 and
                 Storm
                 :
                 Here
                 he
                 staid
                 some
                 days
                 and
                 refresh'd
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 the
                 Campanians
                 at
                 Aetna
                 to
                 court
                 them
                 to
                 a
                 Defection
                 from
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 promising
                 to
                 bestow
                 on
                 them
                 large
                 Possessions
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 equal
                 Sharers
                 in
                 the
                 Spoils
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 He
                 likewise
                 acquainted
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Campanians
                 of
                 Entella
                 had
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 supply'd
                 them
                 with
                 Aids
                 against
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 .
                 In
                 sum
                 ,
                 he
                 told
                 them
                 that
                 the
                 Greoians
                 bore
                 an
                 inveterate
                 Hatred
                 to
                 all
                 other
                 Nations
                 whatsoever
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Campanians
                 having
                 given
                 Hostages
                 to
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 their
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 stick
                 to
                 the
                 League
                 they
                 had
                 made
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 tho'
                 they
                 had
                 a
                 desire
                 rather
                 to
                 fall
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 these
                 Misfortunes
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 being
                 now
                 afraid
                 of
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 
                 sends
                 Polyxenus
                 ,
                 his
                 Father-in-Law
                 ,
                 Ambassador
                 to
                 the
                 Greoians
                 in
                 
                   Italy
                   ,
                   Lacedaemon
                
                 ;
                 and
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 to
                 desire
                 their
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 stand
                 by
                 ,
                 and
                 see
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 in
                 Sicily
                 to
                 be
                 utterly
                 destroy'd
                 .
                 He
                 sent
                 likewise
                 several
                 *
                 Paymasters
                 into
                 Reloponnesus
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 Sums
                 of
                 Money
                 to
                 raise
                 what
                 Men
                 they
                 could
                 ,
                 not
                 sparing
                 any
                 Cost
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Imilco
                 now
                 enters
                 with
                 his
                 Navy
                 ,
                 richly
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 his
                 Enemies
                 Spoils
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 great
                 Haven
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ;
                 this
                 fill'd
                 the
                 Citizens
                 with
                 Terror
                 and
                 Amazement
                 ;
                 for
                 a
                 Navy
                 of
                 Two
                 hundred
                 and
                 eighty
                 Sail
                 of
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 in
                 excellent
                 order
                 ,
                 enter'd
                 the
                 Port
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 them
                 came
                 in
                 above
                 a
                 *
                 Thousand
                 Transport-Ships
                 ,
                 wherein
                 were
                 above
                 †
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Soldiers
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 Ships
                 were
                 near
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Sail
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 as
                 the
                 whole
                 Haven
                 (
                 tho'
                 it
                 were
                 large
                 )
                 was
                 so
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 almost
                 covered
                 over
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Navy
                 had
                 cast
                 Anchor
                 in
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 presently
                 appear'd
                 the
                 Land
                 ▪
                 Army
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 consisting
                 (
                 as
                 some
                 report
                 )
                 of
                 Three
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 besides
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Long-Ships
                 .
                 Imilco
                 the
                 General
                 
                 pitch'd
                 his
                 Tent
                 in
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 encamp'd
                 round
                 him
                 ,
                 about
                 *
                 12
                 Stages
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 while
                 after
                 ,
                 Imilco
                 draws
                 out
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 in
                 Battalia
                 under
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 daring
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 to
                 Battel
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ordered
                 a
                 Hundred
                 of
                 his
                 best
                 Ships
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Harbors
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 to
                 terrifie
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 convince
                 them
                 that
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 were
                 Masters
                 at
                 Sea
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 none
                 durst
                 come
                 out
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 back
                 to
                 the
                 Camp.
                 
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 he
                 most
                 shamefully
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Thirty
                 days
                 ,
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 all
                 the
                 Country
                 round
                 about
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 to
                 gratifie
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 on
                 the
                 one
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 discourage
                 his
                 Enemies
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 He
                 wan
                 also
                 the
                 Suburbs
                 of
                 *
                 Achradina
                 ,
                 and
                 plunder'd
                 the
                 Temples
                 of
                 Ceres
                 and
                 Proserpina
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 paid
                 for
                 his
                 Sacrilege
                 within
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 ;
                 for
                 his
                 Fortune
                 began
                 to
                 change
                 ,
                 and
                 things
                 to
                 go
                 worse
                 and
                 worse
                 with
                 him
                 every
                 day
                 .
                 And
                 whenever
                 Dionysius
                 took
                 Courage
                 and
                 skirmish'd
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 came
                 off
                 Conquerors
                 .
                 Such
                 Terror
                 sometimes
                 seiz'd
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 in
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 they
                 would
                 run
                 with
                 great
                 Terror
                 and
                 Confusion
                 to
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 an
                 Enemy
                 had
                 broken
                 in
                 upon
                 them
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 a
                 Disease
                 at
                 length
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Mischiefs
                 which
                 afterwards
                 overtook
                 them
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 
                 shall
                 speak
                 hereafter
                 ,
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 observe
                 due
                 course
                 and
                 order
                 of
                 Time
                 in
                 the
                 Relation
                 .
              
               
                 Imilco
                 now
                 eager
                 to
                 block
                 up
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 demolishes
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Sepulchres
                 ,
                 amongst
                 which
                 were
                 the
                 Monuments
                 of
                 Gelo
                 and
                 his
                 Wife
                 Demareta
                 ,
                 of
                 rich
                 and
                 excellent
                 Workmanship
                 .
                 He
                 rais'd
                 likewise
                 three
                 Forts
                 near
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 one
                 at
                 Plenmynium
                 ,
                 another
                 about
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 third
                 near
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 these
                 he
                 laid
                 up
                 Stores
                 of
                 Meat
                 and
                 Drink
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Necessaries
                 ,
                 believing
                 the
                 Siege
                 would
                 continue
                 long
                 .
                 He
                 sent
                 away
                 likewise
                 the
                 Transport-Ships
                 to
                 Sardinia
                 and
                 Africa
                 ,
                 to
                 bring
                 from
                 thence
                 Corn
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Provisions
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Polyxenus
                 ,
                 Dionysius's
                 Father-in-Law
                 (
                 being
                 return'd
                 from
                 Italy
                 and
                 Peloponnesus
                 )
                 brought
                 with
                 him
                 Thirty
                 Galleys
                 (
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 )
                 from
                 the
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Pharacidas
                 the
                 Lacedaemonian
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 and
                 Leptines
                 made
                 out
                 to
                 Sea
                 with
                 some
                 Galleys
                 to
                 endeavour
                 to
                 get
                 some
                 Provision
                 into
                 the
                 Town
                 ;
                 and
                 while
                 they
                 were
                 cruising
                 about
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 espy'd
                 a
                 Ship
                 loaden
                 with
                 Provision
                 coming
                 up
                 to
                 
                 Imilco's
                 Army
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 out
                 with
                 Five
                 Sail
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 it
                 and
                 brought
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 Town
                 .
                 As
                 they
                 were
                 sailing
                 away
                 with
                 their
                 Prize
                 ,
                 Forty
                 Sail
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Syracusian
                 Fleet
                 presently
                 hoisted
                 up
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 engag'd
                 ,
                 took
                 the
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 and
                 sunk
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 
                 Twenty
                 Ships
                 more
                 :
                 The
                 rest
                 they
                 put
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 and
                 pursu'd
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 to
                 their
                 main
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 dar'd
                 them
                 to
                 Battel
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 amus'd
                 with
                 this
                 sudden
                 Disaster
                 ,
                 stirr'd
                 not
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 fastned
                 the
                 Gallies
                 they
                 had
                 taken
                 to
                 the
                 Poops
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 Being
                 now
                 puff'd
                 up
                 with
                 this
                 good
                 Success
                 ,
                 they
                 proudly
                 vaunted
                 ,
                 That
                 Dionysius
                 was
                 often
                 overcome
                 by
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 now
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 not
                 him
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 triumph'd
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 return'd
                 Conquerors
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 their
                 Cabals
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 they
                 would
                 frequently
                 discourse
                 ,
                 and
                 ask
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 why
                 they
                 should
                 suffer
                 themselves
                 
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 Slaves
                 by
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 especially
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 now
                 so
                 fair
                 an
                 Opportunity
                 to
                 depose
                 him
                 ?
                 For
                 till
                 of
                 late
                 they
                 said
                 they
                 were
                 disarm'd
                 ,
                 but
                 now
                 by
                 occasion
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 War
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 again
                 got
                 Arms
                 into
                 their
                 Hands
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 thus
                 whisper'd
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 lands
                 at
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 after
                 calls
                 an
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 an
                 Harangue
                 highly
                 praises
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 wishing
                 them
                 ;
                 That
                 as
                 they
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 so
                 they
                 would
                 still
                 continue
                 to
                 shew
                 their
                 Valour
                 and
                 Courage
                 for
                 the
                 time
                 to
                 come
                 ,
                 promising
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 he
                 would
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 War.
                 When
                 the
                 Assembly
                 was
                 ready
                 to
                 break
                 up
                 ,
                 Theodorus
                 a
                 Syracusian
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 Authority
                 among
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 that
                 had
                 done
                 remarkable
                 Service
                 for
                 his
                 Conntry
                 ,
                 stood
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 boldly
                 made
                 this
                 Speech
                 concerning
                 their
                 Liberties
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         The
                         Speech
                         of
                         Theodorus
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           ALthough
                           Dionysius
                           has
                           interlac'd
                           his
                           Discourse
                           with
                           many
                           Lyes
                           ,
                           yet
                           what
                           he
                           said
                           in
                           the
                           close
                           of
                           his
                           Harangue
                           ,
                           That
                           he
                           would
                           make
                           a
                           speedy
                           dispatch
                           of
                           the
                           War
                           ,
                           he
                           may
                           truly
                           perform
                           ,
                           if
                           he
                           himself
                           (
                           who
                           has
                           always
                           been
                           beaten
                           )
                           be
                           not
                           the
                           General
                           ,
                           but
                           forthwith
                           restore
                           us
                           to
                           our
                           own
                           Laws
                           and
                           Liberties
                           :
                           For
                           there
                           are
                           none
                           of
                           us
                           that
                           can
                           freely
                           and
                           chearfully
                           venture
                           our
                           Lives
                           in
                           the
                           Field
                           ,
                           when
                           there
                           's
                           not
                           a
                           Pin
                           to
                           
                           chuse
                           whether
                           we
                           be
                           conquer'd
                           by
                           the
                           Carthaginians
                           ,
                           or
                           being
                           Conquerors
                           become
                           Slaves
                           at
                           home
                           to
                           Dionysius
                           :
                           For
                           whilst
                           Conquerors
                           or
                           Conquer'd
                           ,
                           we
                           are
                           sure
                           either
                           to
                           serve
                           the
                           Carthaginians
                           on
                           the
                           one
                           hand
                           ,
                           or
                           a
                           more
                           severe
                           and
                           tyrannical
                           Master
                           on
                           the
                           other
                           .
                           If
                           the
                           Carthaginians
                           prevail
                           ,
                           by
                           paying
                           of
                           Tribute
                           we
                           shall
                           enjoy
                           our
                           Laws
                           ,
                           but
                           this
                           Tyrant
                           robs
                           our
                           Temples
                           ,
                           seizes
                           our
                           Estates
                           ,
                           takes
                           away
                           our
                           Lives
                           ,
                           and
                           deprives
                           
                           Masters
                           of
                           their
                           Servants
                           to
                           fill
                           up
                           the
                           number
                           of
                           his
                           Mercenaries
                           .
                           And
                           he
                           that
                           has
                           acted
                           as
                           great
                           cruelties
                           in
                           a
                           time
                           of
                           Peace
                           ,
                           as
                           any
                           that
                           have
                           been
                           executed
                           upon
                           the
                           storming
                           of
                           Cities
                           in
                           a
                           time
                           of
                           War
                           ,
                           now
                           promises
                           to
                           put
                           an
                           end
                           to
                           the
                           Carthaginian
                           War.
                           But
                           it
                           as
                           highly
                           concerns
                           us
                           (
                           Oh
                           fellow
                           Citizens
                           )
                           to
                           be
                           rid
                           of
                           the
                           Tyrant
                           within
                           our
                           Walls
                           ,
                           as
                           to
                           put
                           an
                           end
                           to
                           the
                           War
                           without
                           .
                           For
                           the
                           Castle
                           which
                           is
                           now
                           Garison'd
                           by
                           our
                           own
                           Slaves
                           ,
                           is
                           built
                           as
                           a
                           Fort
                           against
                           the
                           City
                           it self
                           ,
                           and
                           the
                           Mercenary
                           Soldiers
                           are
                           kept
                           in
                           Pay
                           to
                           keep
                           the
                           Syracusians
                           in
                           Slavery
                           ,
                           and
                           he
                           himself
                           Lords
                           it
                           over
                           the
                           City
                           ,
                           not
                           as
                           a
                           good
                           Magistrate
                           for
                           the
                           execution
                           of
                           Justice
                           ;
                           but
                           as
                           sole
                           and
                           absolute
                           Lord
                           ,
                           to
                           Rule
                           according
                           to
                           the
                           Dictates
                           of
                           his
                           own
                           insatiable
                           Desires
                           .
                           The
                           Enemy
                           now
                           enjoys
                           but
                           a
                           small
                           part
                           of
                           the
                           Country
                           ,
                           but
                           Dionysius
                           has
                           bestow'd
                           all
                           that
                           he
                           has
                           conquer'd
                           upon
                           them
                           that
                           have
                           given
                           assistance
                           to
                           the
                           advancement
                           of
                           his
                           Tyranny
                           :
                           Why
                           are
                           we
                           content
                           so
                           long
                           tamely
                           to
                           suffer
                           these
                           base
                           Abuses
                           ?
                           such
                           ,
                           as
                           a
                           generous
                           Spirit
                           would
                           rather
                           chuse
                           to
                           Die
                           ,
                           than
                           to
                           be
                           brought
                           into
                           a
                           hazard
                           and
                           danger
                           to
                           suffer
                           and
                           undergo
                           .
                           We
                           (
                           to
                           say
                           the
                           Truth
                           )
                           courageously
                           endure
                           the
                           extreamest
                           hardships
                           in
                           fighting
                           against
                           the
                           Carthaginians
                           ;
                           but
                           we
                           are
                           so
                           poor-spirited
                           ,
                           that
                           we
                           dare
                           not
                           speak
                           a
                           word
                           for
                           the
                           Laws
                           and
                           Liberties
                           of
                           our
                           Country
                           against
                           a
                           most
                           cruel
                           Tyrant
                           .
                           We
                           that
                           dare
                           bravely
                           Charge
                           so
                           many
                           thousands
                           of
                           our
                           Enemies
                           ,
                           are
                           dastardly
                           afraid
                           of
                           one
                           *
                           Tyrant
                           ,
                           that
                           has
                           not
                           the
                           Courage
                           of
                           a
                           generous
                           .
                           Slave
                           :
                           No
                           Man
                           ever
                           presum'd
                           to
                           compare
                           or
                           equal
                           Dionysius
                           with
                           Gelo
                           ,
                           for
                           he
                           (
                           through
                           the
                           innate
                           goodness
                           of
                           his
                           Disposition
                           )
                           with
                           the
                           assistance
                           of
                           the
                           Syracusians
                           and
                           other
                           Sicilians
                           restor'd
                           all
                           Sicily
                           to
                           their
                           Liberty
                           :
                           But
                           this
                           vile
                           Man
                           when
                           he
                           found
                           the
                           Cities
                           free
                           ,
                           either
                           exposed
                           them
                           to
                           the
                           Will
                           of
                           the
                           Enemy
                           ,
                           or
                           he
                           himself
                           made
                           them
                           perfect
                           Slaves
                           .
                           The
                           other
                           ,
                           after
                           he
                           had
                           fought
                           many
                           
                           Battels
                           in
                           the
                           Cause
                           of
                           Sicily
                           ,
                           was
                           so
                           successful
                           that
                           an
                           Enemy
                           was
                           not
                           to
                           be
                           seen
                           :
                           But
                           this
                           Tyrant
                           running
                           away
                           from
                           Motya
                           through
                           the
                           whole
                           Island
                           ,
                           at
                           length
                           penn'd
                           himself
                           up
                           ,
                           not
                           daring
                           to
                           look
                           his
                           Enemy
                           in
                           the
                           Face
                           ,
                           yet
                           fierce
                           and
                           cruel
                           enough
                           towards
                           the
                           Citizens
                           .
                           The
                           other
                           for
                           his
                           Valour
                           and
                           remarkable
                           Services
                           done
                           for
                           his
                           Country
                           ,
                           had
                           the
                           Sovereignty
                           freely
                           and
                           willingly
                           bestow'd
                           on
                           him
                           ,
                           not
                           only
                           by
                           the
                           Syracusians
                           ,
                           but
                           by
                           all
                           the
                           Sicilians
                           .
                           But
                           this
                           Man
                           who
                           has
                           usurp'd
                           the
                           Sovereign
                           Power
                           ,
                           to
                           the
                           ruine
                           of
                           the
                           Confederates
                           ,
                           and
                           slavery
                           of
                           the
                           Citizens
                           ;
                           Why
                           should
                           he
                           not
                           be
                           hated
                           
                           by
                           all
                           ,
                           who
                           is
                           not
                           only
                           unworthy
                           of
                           the
                           Supream
                           Power
                           ,
                           but
                           deserves
                           a
                           thousand
                           Deaths
                           besides
                           ?
                           Through
                           him
                           Gela
                           and
                           Camerina
                           are
                           spoil'd
                           ,
                           Messina
                           raz'd
                           and
                           laid
                           in
                           rubbish
                           ,
                           and
                           Twenty
                           thousand
                           of
                           our
                           Confederates
                           destroy'd
                           .
                           And
                           things
                           are
                           now
                           brought
                           to
                           that
                           pass
                           ,
                           that
                           all
                           the
                           Greek
                           Cities
                           throughout
                           Sicily
                           are
                           ruin'd
                           ,
                           and
                           we
                           are
                           all
                           coop'd
                           up
                           into
                           one
                           .
                           Among
                           other
                           Mischiefs
                           and
                           Miseries
                           Naxus
                           and
                           Catana
                           are
                           by
                           him
                           sold
                           for
                           nought
                           ;
                           many
                           of
                           the
                           best
                           situated
                           and
                           Confederate
                           Cities
                           raz'd
                           to
                           the
                           ground
                           .
                           He
                           fought
                           twice
                           with
                           the
                           Carthaginians
                           ,
                           and
                           was
                           beaten
                           in
                           both
                           .
                           As
                           soon
                           as
                           ever
                           the
                           Sovereign
                           Power
                           was
                           given
                           into
                           his
                           hand
                           ,
                           he
                           forthwith
                           depriv'd
                           the
                           Citizens
                           of
                           their
                           Liberties
                           ,
                           putting
                           to
                           death
                           all
                           those
                           that
                           stood
                           up
                           for
                           the
                           Laws
                           of
                           their
                           Country
                           ,
                           and
                           banishing
                           those
                           that
                           were
                           Rich
                           to
                           gain
                           their
                           Estates
                           ;
                           giving
                           their
                           Wives
                           in
                           Marriage
                           to
                           their
                           Servants
                           ,
                           and
                           to
                           the
                           lowest
                           of
                           the
                           People
                           ,
                           and
                           putting
                           Arms
                           into
                           the
                           hands
                           of
                           Strangers
                           and
                           Barbarians
                           .
                           All
                           these
                           wickednesses
                           ,
                           Oh
                           ,
                           Jupiter
                           ,
                           and
                           all
                           
                           the
                           Gods
                           !
                           has
                           this
                           hangman
                           and
                           base
                           mean
                           fellow
                           committed
                           .
                           Where
                           is
                           now
                           the
                           love
                           of
                           the
                           Laws
                           and
                           Liberties
                           among
                           the
                           Syracusians
                           ?
                           Where
                           are
                           the
                           noble
                           Actions
                           of
                           our
                           Ancestors
                           ?
                           by
                           whom
                           were
                           destroy'd
                           at
                           Himera
                           Three
                           hundred
                           thousand
                           Carthaginians
                           ;
                           not
                           to
                           say
                           any
                           thing
                           of
                           the
                           Tyrants
                           depos'd
                           by
                           Gelo.
                           But
                           that
                           which
                           is
                           to
                           be
                           most
                           admir'd
                           is
                           ,
                           that
                           tho'
                           your
                           Fathers
                           ,
                           even
                           but
                           yesterday
                           ,
                           did
                           rout
                           so
                           great
                           an
                           Army
                           of
                           the
                           Athenians
                           that
                           came
                           against
                           Syracuse
                           ,
                           and
                           that
                           in
                           such
                           a
                           manner
                           ,
                           as
                           that
                           they
                           left
                           not
                           one
                           to
                           be
                           a
                           Messenger
                           of
                           their
                           destruction
                           ;
                           though
                           (
                           I
                           say
                           )
                           you
                           have
                           so
                           fresh
                           an
                           Example
                           of
                           your
                           Fathers
                           Valour
                           ,
                           yet
                           that
                           you
                           should
                           bow
                           your
                           Necks
                           to
                           the
                           Yoke
                           of
                           Dionysius
                           ,
                           and
                           at
                           this
                           instant
                           time
                           when
                           you
                           have
                           Arms
                           in
                           your
                           hands
                           ,
                           is
                           most
                           strange
                           .
                           Certainly
                           some
                           good
                           providence
                           of
                           the
                           Gods
                           has
                           brought
                           you
                           now
                           hither
                           together
                           in
                           Arms
                           ,
                           that
                           you
                           may
                           have
                           an
                           opportunity
                           to
                           regain
                           your
                           Liberty
                           .
                           Now
                           is
                           the
                           day
                           come
                           wherein
                           you
                           may
                           shew
                           your selves
                           Men
                           of
                           Courage
                           ,
                           and
                           unanimously
                           rescue
                           your selves
                           from
                           so
                           base
                           and
                           shameful
                           a
                           Slavery
                           .
                           It
                           was
                           an
                           easie
                           matter
                           when
                           we
                           had
                           no
                           assistance
                           ,
                           and
                           the
                           City
                           was
                           full
                           of
                           Mercenary
                           Soldiers
                           to
                           keep
                           us
                           under
                           ,
                           but
                           now
                           that
                           we
                           are
                           Arm'd
                           ,
                           now
                           that
                           we
                           have
                           Confederates
                           to
                           assist
                           us
                           ,
                           and
                           stand
                           by
                           us
                           as
                           Spectators
                           of
                           our
                           Valour
                           ,
                           let
                           us
                           not
                           yield
                           an
                           Inch
                           ,
                           but
                           make
                           it
                           manifest
                           to
                           all
                           ,
                           that
                           it
                           
                           was
                           not
                           Cowardize
                           but
                           want
                           of
                           opportunity
                           that
                           made
                           us
                           seem
                           to
                           be
                           willing
                           and
                           content
                           to
                           be
                           Slaves
                           .
                           May
                           we
                           not
                           be
                           asham'd
                           to
                           have
                           an
                           Enemy
                           to
                           be
                           our
                           General
                           ,
                           one
                           who
                           has
                           Sacrilegiously
                           robb'd
                           all
                           the
                           Temples
                           in
                           the
                           City
                           ;
                           to
                           entrust
                           one
                           in
                           matters
                           of
                           the
                           greatest
                           publick
                           concern
                           ,
                           that
                           none
                           (
                           in
                           his
                           wits
                           )
                           would
                           trust
                           with
                           his
                           own
                           private
                           Estate
                           .
                           And
                           when
                           we
                           see
                           that
                           all
                           Men
                           generally
                           are
                           more
                           than
                           ordinarily
                           Religious
                           in
                           times
                           of
                           War
                           and
                           imminent
                           Dangers
                           ;
                           Can
                           we
                           hope
                           that
                           such
                           a
                           notorious
                           Atheist
                           as
                           this
                           should
                           be
                           instrumental
                           to
                           put
                           an
                           happy
                           issue
                           to
                           this
                           War
                           ?
                           And
                           if
                           any
                           Man
                           will
                           
                           but
                           seriously
                           consider
                           ,
                           he
                           may
                           easily
                           conclude
                           ,
                           that
                           Dionysius
                           is
                           more
                           afraid
                           of
                           Peace
                           than
                           War.
                           For
                           he
                           knows
                           that
                           the
                           Syracusians
                           (
                           through
                           fear
                           of
                           the
                           bad
                           consequences
                           of
                           commotions
                           at
                           this
                           present
                           )
                           dare
                           not
                           attempt
                           any
                           thing
                           against
                           him
                           :
                           But
                           he
                           foresees
                           that
                           if
                           the
                           Carthaginians
                           be
                           conquer'd
                           ,
                           the
                           Syracusians
                           being
                           then
                           in
                           Arms
                           ,
                           and
                           encourag'd
                           with
                           the
                           success
                           will
                           seek
                           to
                           redeem
                           themselves
                           ,
                           and
                           regain
                           their
                           Liberty
                           .
                           And
                           this
                           was
                           the
                           cause
                           (
                           as
                           I
                           conceive
                           )
                           that
                           in
                           the
                           former
                           War
                           he
                           most
                           treacherously
                           depopulated
                           Gela
                           and
                           Camerina
                           ,
                           and
                           stript
                           'em
                           of
                           all
                           their
                           Inhabitants
                           ;
                           and
                           likewise
                           agreed
                           as
                           part
                           of
                           the
                           Articles
                           of
                           the
                           League
                           ;
                           That
                           many
                           of
                           the
                           Greek
                           Cities
                           should
                           never
                           after
                           be
                           inhabited
                           by
                           the
                           Grecians
                           .
                           This
                           was
                           likewise
                           the
                           Cause
                           ,
                           that
                           afterwards
                           in
                           a
                           time
                           of
                           Peace
                           ,
                           And
                           against
                           the
                           Conditions
                           agreed
                           on
                           ,
                           he
                           enslav'd
                           Naxus
                           and
                           Catana
                           ,
                           raz'd
                           the
                           one
                           down
                           to
                           the
                           ground
                           ,
                           and
                           gave
                           away
                           the
                           other
                           to
                           the
                           Campanians
                           ,
                           a
                           Colony
                           out
                           of
                           Italy
                           .
                           and
                           when
                           he
                           perceiv'd
                           that
                           after
                           the
                           Cities
                           were
                           thus
                           ruin'd
                           ,
                           the
                           rest
                           were
                           continually
                           plotting
                           how
                           to
                           rescue
                           themselves
                           from
                           this
                           Tyranny
                           ,
                           he
                           then
                           for
                           a
                           diversion
                           began
                           this
                           Second
                           War
                           against
                           the
                           Carthaginians
                           .
                           For
                           the
                           Sacred
                           Bonds
                           of
                           an
                           Oath
                           did
                           not
                           so
                           much
                           awe
                           him
                           to
                           the
                           keeping
                           of
                           his
                           League
                           ,
                           as
                           the
                           fear
                           of
                           these
                           Sicilians
                           that
                           remain'd
                           did
                           torment
                           him
                           ,
                           whose
                           destruction
                           he
                           continually
                           watch'd
                           all
                           opportunities
                           to
                           effect
                           .
                           When
                           the
                           Enemy
                           ,
                           lately
                           weak
                           and
                           weather-beaten
                           ,
                           landed
                           at
                           Panormus
                           ,
                           tho'
                           he
                           might
                           
                           easily
                           then
                           have
                           fallen
                           upon
                           them
                           with
                           his
                           whole
                           Army
                           ,
                           yet
                           was
                           very
                           far
                           from
                           doing
                           any
                           such
                           service
                           for
                           his
                           Country
                           .
                           Afterwards
                           he
                           suffer'd
                           Messina
                           (
                           that
                           large
                           City
                           and
                           commodious
                           Port
                           )
                           for
                           want
                           of
                           Relief
                           ,
                           to
                           be
                           laid
                           wast
                           ,
                           not
                           only
                           because
                           there
                           were
                           many
                           Sicilians
                           by
                           that
                           means
                           cut
                           off
                           ,
                           but
                           likewise
                           that
                           all
                           Aids
                           by
                           Shipping
                           from
                           Italy
                           and
                           Peloponnesus
                           might
                           be
                           intercepted
                           by
                           the
                           Carthaginians
                           .
                           Then
                           at
                           last
                           he
                           fought
                           upon
                           the
                           Coasts
                           near
                           to
                           Catana
                           ,
                           even
                           close
                           to
                           the
                           City
                           ,
                           that
                           the
                           Enemy
                           if
                           they
                           were
                           beaten
                           might
                           have
                           ready
                           shelter
                           in
                           the
                           Port
                           of
                           their
                           own
                           Allies
                           .
                           After
                           this
                           ,
                           and
                           the
                           Fight
                           was
                           over
                           ,
                           a
                           Storm
                           arose
                           ,
                           by
                           reason
                           whereof
                           the
                           Carthaginians
                           were
                           forc'd
                           to
                           draw
                           up
                           their
                           Ships
                           into
                           the
                           Harbour
                           ,
                           at
                           which
                           time
                           we
                           had
                           a
                           fair
                           opportunity
                           of
                           ruining
                           them
                           ,
                           their
                           Land-Army
                           not
                           being
                           then
                           come
                           up
                           ,
                           and
                           their
                           Ships
                           ,
                           many
                           of
                           them
                           thrown
                           upon
                           the
                           Shoar
                           by
                           the
                           violence
                           of
                           the
                           Storm
                           .
                           If
                           we
                           then
                           had
                           set
                           upon
                           them
                           with
                           our
                           Land-Army
                           ,
                           they
                           must
                           all
                           necessarily
                           have
                           either
                           fallen
                           into
                           our
                           hands
                           ,
                           if
                           they
                           had
                           come
                           to
                           Land
                           ,
                           or
                           by
                           the
                           violence
                           and
                           rage
                           of
                           the
                           Sea
                           the
                           Shoar
                           had
                           been
                           fill'd
                           with
                           wrecks
                           .
                           But
                           I
                           know
                           I
                           need
                           not
                           spend
                           many
                           words
                           in
                           accusing
                           Dionysius
                           among
                           the
                           Syracusians
                           :
                           For
                           if
                           the
                           incurable
                           Injuries
                           and
                           Wrongs
                           themselves
                           will
                           not
                           raise
                           the
                           Spirits
                           of
                           the
                           Sufferers
                           ,
                           How
                           can
                           words
                           prevail
                           to
                           take
                           revenge
                           of
                           this
                           Miscreant
                           ?
                           When
                           besides
                           all
                           that
                           they
                           have
                           suffer'd
                           they
                           may
                           clearly
                           see
                           ,
                           That
                           he
                           's
                           the
                           most
                           impious
                           wretch
                           of
                           the
                           Citizens
                           ,
                           the
                           cruelest
                           Tyrant
                           ,
                           and
                           most
                           slothful
                           and
                           careless
                           General
                           :
                           For
                           as
                           often
                           as
                           we
                           fight
                           the
                           Enemy
                           under
                           his
                           Conduct
                           ,
                           so
                           often
                           are
                           we
                           beaten
                           :
                           But
                           now
                           when
                           we
                           lately
                           Engag'd
                           our selves
                           without
                           him
                           ,
                           we
                           routed
                           the
                           Enemies
                           whole
                           Fleet
                           with
                           a
                           few
                           Gallies
                           .
                           We
                           ought
                           therefore
                           to
                           provide
                           a
                           new
                           General
                           ,
                           lest
                           while
                           we
                           make
                           use
                           of
                           one
                           who
                           has
                           Sacrilegiously
                           robb'd
                           the
                           Temples
                           ,
                           we
                           fight
                           against
                           God
                           himself
                           .
                           For
                           the
                           Deity
                           
                           apparently
                           opposes
                           them
                           who
                           make
                           such
                           an
                           Atheist
                           their
                           Head
                           and
                           Governor
                           .
                           For
                           to
                           see
                           all
                           our
                           Forces
                           in
                           the
                           height
                           of
                           their
                           strength
                           dispers'd
                           and
                           scatter'd
                           when
                           he
                           is
                           with
                           them
                           ,
                           and
                           yet
                           a
                           small
                           part
                           of
                           our
                           Army
                           Conquerors
                           when
                           he
                           is
                           absent
                           ,
                           What
                           does
                           it
                           but
                           evidence
                           to
                           all
                           the
                           special
                           and
                           remarkable
                           Presence
                           of
                           the
                           Gods
                           ?
                           Therefore
                           ,
                           Oh
                           ye
                           Syracusians
                           ,
                           if
                           he
                           will
                           freely
                           *
                           Abdicate
                           his
                           Covernment
                           ,
                           let
                           us
                           as
                           freely
                           consent
                           that
                           he
                           may
                           depart
                           out
                           of
                           the
                           City
                           with
                           all
                           that
                           belongs
                           to
                           him
                           :
                           But
                           if
                           he
                           refuses
                           so
                           to
                           do
                           ,
                           now
                           we
                           have
                           an
                           opportunity
                           to
                           regain
                           our
                           Liberty
                           .
                           We
                           are
                           now
                           here
                           all
                           together
                           ,
                           we
                           have
                           Arms
                           in
                           our
                           hands
                           ,
                           and
                           those
                           that
                           will
                           assist
                           us
                           both
                           out
                           of
                           Italy
                           and
                           Peloponnesus
                           are
                           near
                           at
                           hand
                           .
                           And
                           by
                           the
                           Law
                           the
                           Chief
                           Gommand
                           in
                           the
                           Army
                           ought
                           either
                           to
                           be
                           given
                           to
                           some
                           of
                           the
                           Citizens
                           ,
                           or
                           to
                           some
                           of
                           the
                           Corinthians
                           ,
                           who
                           are
                           the
                           natural
                           Inhabitants
                           ,
                           or
                           to
                           the
                           Spartans
                           who
                           now
                           Command
                           all
                           Greece
                           .
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 When
                 Theodorus
                 had
                 thus
                 spoken
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 (
                 much
                 perplex'd
                 in
                 their
                 Minds
                 )
                 and
                 
                 doubtful
                 what
                 to
                 do
                 )
                 look'd
                 back
                 upon
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Pharacides
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 (
                 lately
                 sent
                 to
                 their
                 assistance
                 )
                 ascended
                 the
                 Tribunal
                 ;
                 and
                 every
                 Man
                 now
                 hop'd
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 very
                 earnest
                 in
                 persuading
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 
                 stand
                 up
                 for
                 their
                 Liberties
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 being
                 Dionysius
                 his
                 Guest
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Family
                 ,
                 told
                 them
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 sent
                 by
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 and
                 Dionysius
                 against
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 deprive
                 him
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 :
                 and
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 (
                 contrary
                 to
                 all
                 Mens
                 expectations
                 )
                 opposing
                 what
                 had
                 been
                 said
                 ,
                 the
                 Mercenary
                 Soldiers
                 
                 all
                 flock'd
                 about
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 no
                 little
                 amaz'd
                 ,
                 sate
                 still
                 ;
                 but
                 rag'd
                 in
                 their
                 Minds
                 against
                 the
                 Spartans
                 :
                 For
                 not
                 long
                 before
                 ,
                 Aretas
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 had
                 betraid
                 'em
                 under
                 the
                 Covert
                 and
                 Pretence
                 of
                 being
                 sent
                 to
                 free
                 them
                 from
                 their
                 Slavery
                 ;
                 and
                 now
                 Pharacides
                 obstructed
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 in
                 their
                 endeavours
                 to
                 free
                 themselves
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 was
                 now
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 fright
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 Dissolv'd
                 the
                 Assembly
                 ;
                 and
                 afterwards
                 courted
                 the
                 People
                 with
                 very
                 fair
                 and
                 smooth
                 words
                 ,
                 presenting
                 some
                 with
                 large
                 Gifts
                 ,
                 and
                 inviting
                 others
                 to
                 his
                 Feasts
                 and
                 Banquets
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 ruin'd
                 the
                 Suburbs
                 ,
                 and
                 rifled
                 and
                 plunder'd
                 the
                 Temples
                 of
                 Ceres
                 and
                 Proserpina
                 ,
                 a
                 Plague
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 their
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 more
                 to
                 increase
                 and
                 sharpen
                 the
                 Vengeance
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 both
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 year
                 and
                 the
                 multitudes
                 of
                 Men
                 thronging
                 together
                 ,
                 greatly
                 contributed
                 to
                 the
                 inhancement
                 and
                 aggravation
                 of
                 their
                 Misery
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Summer
                 was
                 hotter
                 than
                 ordinary
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 place
                 it self
                 was
                 the
                 great
                 occasion
                 that
                 the
                 distemper
                 rag'd
                 above
                 all
                 bounds
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Athenians
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 place
                 ,
                 not
                 long
                 before
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 multitudes
                 swept
                 away
                 by
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 because
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 marshy
                 and
                 spungy
                 Ground
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 Distemper
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 Sun
                 arose
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 coldness
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 that
                 came
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 their
                 Bodies
                 would
                 fall
                 a
                 shaking
                 and
                 trembling
                 ;
                 but
                 about
                 Noon
                 ,
                 being
                 so
                 close
                 pent
                 up
                 together
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 choak'd
                 with
                 the
                 heat
                 .
                 The
                 Infection
                 was
                 brought
                 in
                 among
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 South
                 Wind
                 ,
                 which
                 swept
                 them
                 away
                 in
                 heaps
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 a
                 while
                 they
                 bury'd
                 them
                 :
                 
                 but
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 increasing
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 that
                 attended
                 the
                 Sick
                 were
                 likewise
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 none
                 durst
                 come
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 infected
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 besides
                 the
                 want
                 of
                 attendance
                 )
                 the
                 Distemper
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 incurable
                 .
                 For
                 first
                 ,
                 Catarrhs
                 and
                 Swellings
                 of
                 the
                 Throat
                 were
                 caused
                 by
                 the
                 stench
                 of
                 the
                 Bodies
                 that
                 lay
                 unbury'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 putrifaction
                 of
                 the
                 Soil
                 .
                 Then
                 follow'd
                 
                   Feavers
                   ,
                   Pains
                
                 in
                 the
                 
                   Back
                   ,
                   Heaviness
                
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Loins
                   ,
                   Dysenteries
                   ,
                   Botches
                
                 and
                 Biles
                 over
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 .
                 Thus
                 were
                 many
                 tormented
                 by
                 this
                 Plague
                 ;
                 others
                 were
                 struck
                 Mad
                 ,
                 and
                 ran
                 about
                 the
                 Camp
                 like
                 Wild
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 and
                 beat
                 every
                 one
                 they
                 met
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 Physicians
                 was
                 in
                 vain
                 ,
                 both
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 the
                 Distemper
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 suddain
                 dispatch
                 it
                 made
                 of
                 many
                 :
                 For
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 great
                 Pains
                 and
                 horrible
                 Torments
                 ,
                 they
                 died
                 commonly
                 the
                 Fifth
                 or
                 at
                 the
                 most
                 the
                 Sixth
                 Day
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 who
                 died
                 by
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 were
                 accounted
                 happy
                 by
                 all
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 was
                 further
                 observable
                 ,
                 That
                 all
                 that
                 attended
                 upon
                 the
                 Sick
                 ,
                 dy'd
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Distemper
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 aggravated
                 the
                 Misery
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 were
                 willing
                 to
                 come
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Distress'd
                 and
                 Languishing
                 Persons
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 administer
                 to
                 them
                 any
                 sort
                 of
                 help
                 .
                 For
                 not
                 only
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 Brothers
                 ,
                 and
                 dear
                 and
                 familiar
                 Friends
                 and
                 Acquaintance
                 ,
                 were
                 forc'd
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Infection
                 ,
                 to
                 avoid
                 and
                 forsake
                 one
                 another
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 therefore
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 miserable
                 condition
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 mann'd
                 Fourscore
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 
                 Pharacides
                 and
                 Leptines
                 the
                 Admirals
                 at
                 spring
                 of
                 Day
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Fleet.
                 And
                 he
                 himself
                 before
                 the
                 Moon
                 was
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 got
                 his
                 Army
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 marching
                 to
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Cyanes
                 ,
                 came
                 up
                 without
                 being
                 discover'd
                 to
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Camp
                 about
                 break
                 of
                 day
                 :
                 He
                 had
                 sent
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 of
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Camp
                 that
                 lay
                 up
                 further
                 into
                 the
                 Land.
                 These
                 Mercenaries
                 hated
                 Dionysius
                 more
                 than
                 any
                 other
                 that
                 were
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 often
                 making
                 disturbance
                 ,
                 and
                 mutining
                 upon
                 all
                 occasions
                 ;
                 Therefore
                 Dionysius
                 order'd
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 engag'd
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 to
                 fly
                 and
                 leave
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 to
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 accordingly
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 were
                 all
                 kill'd
                 upon
                 the
                 spot
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 himself
                 determin'd
                 to
                 assault
                 the
                 Camp
                 and
                 the
                 Castles
                 both
                 at
                 once
                 .
                 The
                 Barbarians
                 upon
                 this
                 suddain
                 and
                 unexpected
                 incursion
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 running
                 in
                 great
                 consusion
                 and
                 disorder
                 to
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 gave
                 him
                 an
                 opportunity
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Polictma
                 by
                 Storm
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 Gallies
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 Fort
                 near
                 Dascon
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 it
                 ;
                 And
                 forthwith
                 came
                 up
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Army
                 Assaulted
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Forts
                 with
                 a
                 mighty
                 Shout
                 ,
                 which
                 struck
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 with
                 great
                 terror
                 and
                 amazement
                 ;
                 For
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 they
                 all
                 ran
                 to
                 defend
                 their
                 
                 Camp
                 ,
                 but
                 now
                 seeing
                 the
                 Enemies
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 come
                 up
                 ,
                 they
                 bestirr'd
                 themselves
                 as
                 much
                 to
                 preserve
                 their
                 Navy
                 that
                 then
                 lay
                 at
                 Anchor
                 :
                 But
                 all
                 their
                 Care
                 was
                 to
                 little
                 purpose
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 prevented
                 by
                 the
                 suddainness
                 of
                 the
                 surrprize
                 .
                 For
                 while
                 they
                 were
                 ascending
                 the
                 Decks
                 ,
                 and
                 hasting
                 on
                 board
                 ,
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Ships
                 came
                 up
                 with
                 that
                 fierceness
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 pierc'd
                 their
                 Broad
                 sides
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 were
                 sunk
                 down
                 right
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 shock
                 ;
                 others
                 by
                 repeated
                 and
                 frequent
                 Assaults
                 were
                 broken
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 
                 Carthaginians
                 were
                 fill'd
                 with
                 dread
                 and
                 horror
                 .
                 And
                 while
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 greatest
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 were
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 pierc'd
                 through
                 and
                 through
                 ,
                 the
                 Air
                 resounded
                 with
                 a
                 terrible
                 noise
                 by
                 the
                 crashing
                 of
                 the
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 broken
                 by
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 the
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Shoar
                 over
                 against
                 them
                 was
                 presently
                 fill'd
                 with
                 dead
                 Bodies
                 .
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 still
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 encourag'd
                 by
                 their
                 Success
                 ,
                 while
                 each
                 strove
                 who
                 should
                 first
                 leap
                 into
                 their
                 Enemies
                 Ships
                 ,
                 in
                 every
                 place
                 killed
                 and
                 dispersed
                 and
                 scattered
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 astonish'd
                 and
                 amaz'd
                 with
                 the
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 destruction
                 .
                 Neither
                 was
                 the
                 Land
                 Army
                 wanting
                 in
                 their
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Dionysius
                 then
                 was
                 (
                 by
                 chance
                 )
                 having
                 rid
                 to
                 Dascon
                 some
                 time
                 before
                 .
                 For
                 finding
                 there
                 Forty
                 Ships
                 of
                 Fifty
                 Oars
                 apiece
                 ,
                 besides
                 Ships
                 of
                 Burden
                 that
                 lay
                 near
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 they
                 threw
                 Fire
                 amongst
                 
                 them
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Flame
                 mounting
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 spreading
                 it self
                 far
                 and
                 wide
                 ,
                 set
                 all
                 the
                 Ships
                 on
                 fire
                 ,
                 and
                 neither
                 Merchants
                 nor
                 Mariners
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 stop
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 the
                 Flame
                 ,
                 which
                 (
                 the
                 Wind
                 being
                 then
                 high
                 )
                 ran
                 along
                 from
                 the
                 Ships
                 at
                 Anchor
                 and
                 catcht
                 upon
                 the
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 which
                 lay
                 near
                 to
                 them
                 ;
                 And
                 the
                 Men
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 leaping
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Cables
                 snapping
                 asunder
                 ,
                 the
                 Ships
                 fell
                 foul
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 whereof
                 some
                 broke
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 many
                 were
                 burnt
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 by
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 the
                 Winds
                 scatter'd
                 and
                 dispers'd
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 all
                 one
                 way
                 or
                 other
                 were
                 destroy'd
                 .
                 And
                 here
                 a
                 Show
                 ,
                 as
                 upon
                 a
                 Theatre
                 was
                 represented
                 to
                 the
                 Citizens
                 while
                 the
                 Fire
                 ran
                 through
                 the
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 from
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Flame
                 mounted
                 the
                 Masts
                 ,
                 and
                 consum'd
                 the
                 Main
                 Yards
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 ruine
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 seem'd
                 like
                 the
                 overthrow
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 destroy'd
                 for
                 some
                 notorious
                 
                 Impiety
                 by
                 Thunder
                 and
                 Lightning
                 from
                 Heaven
                 .
                 Upon
                 these
                 Successes
                 both
                 young
                 and
                 old
                 that
                 were
                 able
                 took
                 Boats
                 and
                 pass'd
                 over
                 to
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 to
                 rifle
                 those
                 Ships
                 that
                 were
                 almost
                 consum'd
                 by
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 save
                 such
                 as
                 might
                 be
                 refitted
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 yet
                 sound
                 and
                 untouch'd
                 ,
                 to
                 tow
                 them
                 by
                 their
                 Boats
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Yea
                 ,
                 such
                 was
                 the
                 exceeding
                 Joy
                 and
                 Emulation
                 of
                 all
                 to
                 share
                 in
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 whom
                 Age
                 might
                 well
                 have
                 excus'd
                 from
                 intermedling
                 with
                 matters
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 yet
                 now
                 beyond
                 their
                 Age
                 and
                 natural
                 Strength
                 made
                 themselves
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Victory
                 spread
                 swiftly
                 through
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 and
                 whole
                 Families
                 left
                 their
                 Houses
                 and
                 ran
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 and
                 fill'd
                 them
                 with
                 Spectators
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 some
                 lift
                 up
                 their
                 Hands
                 to
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 thanks
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 others
                 cry'd
                 out
                 that
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 were
                 justly
                 punish'd
                 for
                 their
                 prophaneness
                 in
                 rissing
                 and
                 plundering
                 of
                 the
                 Temples
                 .
                 For
                 indeed
                 it
                 seem'd
                 as
                 if
                 the
                 Gods
                 themselves
                 were
                 engag'd
                 in
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 where
                 so
                 many
                 Ships
                 were
                 on
                 fire
                 with
                 the
                 Flame
                 mounting
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 above
                 the
                 Masts
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Grecians
                 only
                 standing
                 by
                 (
                 with
                 joyful
                 Acclamations
                 )
                 as
                 Eye-witnesses
                 of
                 every
                 happy
                 Event
                 .
                 And
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 amaz'd
                 and
                 astonish'd
                 
                 with
                 the
                 dreadful
                 misfortune
                 (
                 in
                 great
                 Confusion
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 mournful
                 Cries
                 )
                 bewailing
                 themselves
                 .
                 But
                 Night
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 Battle
                 ,
                 and
                 Dionysius
                 encamp'd
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 at
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 being
                 thus
                 routed
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 ,
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 privately
                 to
                 Dionysius
                 to
                 offer
                 him
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 then
                 ready
                 in
                 their
                 Camp
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 permit
                 the
                 remainder
                 of
                 their
                 Army
                 to
                 transport
                 themselves
                 into
                 Africa
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 Dionysius
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 suffer
                 all
                 to
                 be
                 gone
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 was
                 content
                 that
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 Citizens
                 of
                 Carthage
                 might
                 depart
                 privately
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 but
                 no
                 other
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 knew
                 well
                 enough
                 that
                 neither
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 nor
                 his
                 Confederates
                 
                 would
                 ever
                 suffer
                 him
                 to
                 grant
                 to
                 them
                 any
                 such
                 liberty
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 did
                 this
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 unwilling
                 utterly
                 to
                 destroy
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 (
                 through
                 fear
                 of
                 them
                 )
                 might
                 find
                 no
                 opportunity
                 or
                 leisure
                 by
                 disturbing
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 seek
                 after
                 the
                 regaining
                 of
                 their
                 Liberty
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 agreed
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 gone
                 the
                 fourth
                 Night
                 next
                 after
                 ,
                 he
                 draws
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Imilco
                 deliver'd
                 the
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 to
                 some
                 appointed
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 
                 who
                 convey'd
                 them
                 secretly
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 into
                 the
                 Castle
                 ;
                 When
                 the
                 time
                 appointed
                 was
                 come
                 ,
                 Imilco
                 fill'd
                 Forty
                 Gallies
                 with
                 Citizens
                 of
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 intent
                 to
                 be
                 gone
                 ,
                 leaving
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 behind
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 was
                 no
                 sooner
                 entred
                 into
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 but
                 some
                 Corinthians
                 discerning
                 that
                 Dionysius
                 trifled
                 away
                 the
                 time
                 in
                 getting
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 and
                 Officers
                 together
                 ,
                 were
                 impatient
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 made
                 after
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 rowing
                 hard
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 got
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Ships
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Rear
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 sunk
                 ,
                 by
                 piercing
                 them
                 through
                 with
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 Dionysius
                 drew
                 
                 out
                 his
                 Army
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 who
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 were
                 almost
                 all
                 fled
                 through
                 the
                 heart
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 escap'd
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Cities
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 could
                 reach
                 up
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 when
                 Dionysius
                 had
                 plac'd
                 Guards
                 at
                 several
                 Passes
                 to
                 intercept
                 them
                 that
                 fled
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 to
                 the
                 
                 Enemies
                 Camp
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 now
                 betraid
                 both
                 by
                 their
                 General
                 and
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 by
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 fled
                 away
                 in
                 great
                 fear
                 and
                 amazement
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 part
                 were
                 taken
                 falling
                 in
                 among
                 their
                 Enemies
                 Guards
                 ,
                 that
                 way-laid
                 them
                 ;
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 ,
                 threw
                 away
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 cry'd
                 for
                 Quarter
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 with
                 their
                 Arms
                 got
                 into
                 a
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 a
                 Trumpet
                 to
                 Dionysius
                 to
                 offer
                 themselves
                 to
                 him
                 as
                 Confederates
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 join'd
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Regiments
                 of
                 his
                 Mercenaries
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 common
                 Soldiers
                 he
                 took
                 ,
                 and
                 whatever
                 was
                 left
                 of
                 the
                 Bag
                 and
                 Baggage
                 he
                 gave
                 for
                 Plunder
                 to
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 was
                 the
                 suddain
                 change
                 and
                 turn
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Affairs
                 ;
                 From
                 whence
                 all
                 Men
                 may
                 learn
                 ,
                 That
                 whoever
                 they
                 be
                 that
                 above
                 measure
                 exalt
                 themselves
                 ,
                 may
                 come
                 in
                 short
                 time
                 to
                 be
                 convinc'd
                 how
                 weak
                 and
                 inconsiderable
                 creatures
                 they
                 are
                 ,
                 They
                 ,
                 who
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 were
                 possest
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Sicily
                 but
                 Syracuse
                 (
                 which
                 they
                 accounted
                 themselves
                 likewise
                 sure
                 of
                 )
                 were
                 presently
                 brought
                 into
                 such
                 a
                 strait
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 afraid
                 lest
                 they
                 should
                 lose
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 :
                 And
                 they
                 who
                 lately
                 destroy'd
                 the
                 Sepulchres
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 were
                 now
                 Eye-witnesses
                 of
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 thousand
                 Carcasses
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Men
                 that
                 perish'd
                 by
                 the
                 Plague
                 ,
                 lying
                 rotting
                 upon
                 the
                 ground
                 without
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 Burial
                 .
                 They
                 who
                 had
                 before
                 burnt
                 up
                 all
                 before
                 them
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 sudden
                 change
                 of
                 Fortune
                 now
                 ,
                 saw
                 their
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 wrapt
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 consum'd
                 
                 in
                 Flames
                 .
                 They
                 who
                 not
                 long
                 ago
                 in
                 great
                 Pride
                 and
                 Ostentation
                 entred
                 into
                 the
                 Port
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 boasting
                 of
                 their
                 Successes
                 ,
                 little
                 thought
                 that
                 within
                 a
                 while
                 after
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fly
                 away
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 ,
                 and
                 treacherously
                 leave
                 their
                 Confederates
                 to
                 the
                 Mercy
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 The
                 General
                 himself
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 pitch'd
                 his
                 Tent
                 in
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 robb'd
                 the
                 Temples
                 of
                 the
                 Riches
                 laid
                 up
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 shamefully
                 fled
                 away
                 with
                 a
                 few
                 to
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 and
                 tho'
                 he
                 escap'd
                 with
                 Life
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 could
                 
                 not
                 fly
                 from
                 the
                 Vengeance
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 for
                 his
                 Impiety
                 ;
                 but
                 liv'd
                 all
                 his
                 Days
                 in
                 disgrace
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 reproach'd
                 and
                 scorn'd
                 by
                 all
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 that
                 extremity
                 of
                 Misery
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 wander'd
                 about
                 round
                 all
                 the
                 Temples
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 in
                 Rags
                 ,
                 convinc'd
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Impiety
                 ,
                 and
                 doing
                 Penance
                 for
                 his
                 notorious
                 Wickedness
                 ;
                 and
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 Murther'd
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 Dy'd
                 in
                 extream
                 Want
                 and
                 Poverty
                 ;
                 by
                 his
                 example
                 
                 leaving
                 behind
                 him
                 an
                 awe
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 among
                 the
                 Citizens
                 .
                 For
                 presently
                 after
                 ,
                 many
                 other
                 calamities
                 of
                 War
                 overtook
                 them
                 :
                 For
                 this
                 overthrow
                 being
                 spread
                 all
                 over
                 Africk
                 ,
                 their
                 Consederates
                 who
                 hated
                 them
                 before
                 ,
                 now
                 for
                 their
                 treacherous
                 deserting
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 abhorr'd
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 much
                 more
                 than
                 they
                 did
                 before
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 by
                 Rage
                 on
                 the
                 one
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 encourag'd
                 to
                 contemn
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 late
                 misfortune
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 they
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 stand
                 up
                 for
                 their
                 
                 Liberty
                 .
                 And
                 having
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 into
                 all
                 parts
                 ,
                 they
                 rais'd
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 encamp'd
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 Field
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 there
                 presently
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 Free
                 Men
                 but
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 in
                 a
                 small
                 time
                 they
                 made
                 up
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 Two
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 they
                 took
                 Tunis
                 ,
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 Carthage
                 from
                 thence
                 they
                 march'd
                 in
                 a
                 body
                 ,
                 fought
                 and
                 beat
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 drove
                 them
                 within
                 their
                 Walls
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 (
                 against
                 whom
                 the
                 Gods
                 thus
                 apparently
                 fought
                 )
                 with
                 faint
                 and
                 trembling
                 Hearts
                 ,
                 assembled
                 themselves
                 together
                 to
                 supplicate
                 the
                 Deity
                 to
                 be
                 appeas'd
                 and
                 to
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 his
                 Wrath
                 and
                 Indignation
                 against
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 presently
                 a
                 Spirit
                 of
                 
                 Devotion
                 (
                 join'd
                 with
                 Fear
                 )
                 possess'd
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 ,
                 whilst
                 every
                 one
                 expected
                 to
                 become
                 miserable
                 Slaves
                 .
                 Therefore
                 all
                 were
                 of
                 Opinion
                 that
                 the
                 Gods
                 who
                 were
                 offended
                 ,
                 should
                 by
                 all
                 means
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 be
                 atton'd
                 .
                 And
                 altho'
                 they
                 never
                 before
                 Sacrific'd
                 to
                 Proserpina
                 or
                 Ceres
                 ,
                 yet
                 now
                 the
                 chiefest
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 were
                 consecrated
                 to
                 be
                 Priests
                 for
                 this
                 Service
                 .
                 And
                 having
                 set
                 forth
                 the
                 Statues
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 with
                 all
                 Pomp
                 and
                 Solemnity
                 ,
                 they
                 order'd
                 the
                 Sacrifices
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Rites
                 and
                 Ceremonies
                 .
                 And
                 they
                 carefully
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 those
                 Grecians
                 that
                 were
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 were
                 best
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 Rites
                 of
                 their
                 Religion
                 ,
                 to
                 officiate
                 in
                 the
                 Sacrifices
                 .
                 But
                 after
                 this
                 they
                 prepar'd
                 another
                 Navy
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 carrying
                 on
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Rebels
                 ,
                 tho'
                 they
                 were
                 a
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 wanted
                 good
                 and
                 expert
                 Officers
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 worst
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 they
                 wanted
                 sufficient
                 Provision
                 for
                 such
                 a
                 multitude
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 were
                 supply'd
                 with
                 ,
                 having
                 enough
                 brought
                 to
                 them
                 by
                 Sea
                 from
                 Sardinia
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Revolters
                 fell
                 a
                 quarrelling
                 among
                 themselves
                 about
                 the
                 Supream
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ;
                 and
                 some
                 ,
                 bribed
                 with
                 Money
                 by
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 fell
                 off
                 and
                 deserted
                 the
                 common
                 Cause
                 .
                 And
                 hence
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 that
                 (
                 through
                 want
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 and
                 Treachery
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Associates
                 )
                 this
                 great
                 Rabble
                 broke
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 dispers'd
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 Places
                 of
                 Habitation
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 freed
                 Carthage
                 from
                 the
                 great
                 
                 Fright
                 they
                 were
                 lately
                 in
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Affairs
                 in
                 Africa
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 he
                 discerning
                 that
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 bore
                 him
                 no
                 Good
                 Will
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 ,
                 lest
                 they
                 should
                 depose
                 him
                 ,
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 Aristotle
                 their
                 General
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 common
                 Soldiers
                 ran
                 to
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 great
                 Rage
                 demanded
                 their
                 Pay.
                 But
                 he
                 ,
                 to
                 appease
                 them
                 ,
                 told
                 them
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 would
                 send
                 Aristotle
                 to
                 Lacedemon
                 to
                 be
                 try'd
                 there
                 by
                 the
                 Democracy
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 them
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 about
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 )
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 Country
                 of
                 Leontum
                 for
                 their
                 Pay
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 readily
                 accepted
                 for
                 the
                 sweetness
                 and
                 pleasantness
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 the
                 Land
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 by
                 Lot.
                 Then
                 he
                 rais'd
                 other
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 Freemen
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Family
                 ,
                 he
                 committed
                 the
                 Care
                 and
                 Protection
                 of
                 his
                 Government
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Overthrow
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 remain'd
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 belong'd
                 to
                 the
                 Cities
                 that
                 were
                 taken
                 by
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 throughout
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 got
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 restor'd
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Countries
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 get
                 Strength
                 again
                 .
                 And
                 Dionysius
                 repeopled
                 
                 Messina
                 with
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Lecrians
                 ,
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Medimneans
                 ,
                 and
                 Six
                 hundred
                 Melesians
                 of
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 Exiles
                 from
                 Zacynthus
                 and
                 Naupactus
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 discern'd
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 offended
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 by
                 planting
                 the
                 Messinians
                 (
                 whom
                 they
                 had
                 driven
                 out
                 )
                 in
                 so
                 eminent
                 and
                 considerable
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 remov'd
                 them
                 into
                 another
                 
                 Place
                 in
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Abacena
                 ,
                 near
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 limiting
                 them
                 within
                 certain
                 Bounds
                 .
                 The
                 Messinians
                 call'd
                 this
                 City
                 Tyndarides
                 ,
                 and
                 living
                 peaceably
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 receiving
                 
                 many
                 into
                 the
                 Freedom
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 ,
                 they
                 increas'd
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 to
                 above
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 Five
                 thousand
                 .
                 After
                 many
                 Expeditions
                 and
                 Incursions
                 into
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 they
                 took
                 Smenteum
                 and
                 Morgantium
                 ,
                 and
                 enter'd
                 into
                 League
                 with
                 Agyris
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Agyroneans
                 ,
                 and
                 Damon
                 the
                 Petty
                 Prince
                 of
                 the
                 Centorrippineans
                 ,
                 likewise
                 with
                 the
                 Erbiteans
                 and
                 
                   Astorines
                   .
                   Cephaledium
                   ,
                   Selunta
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Enua
                 ,
                 were
                 also
                 brought
                 under
                 their
                 Power
                 and
                 Government
                 by
                 Treachery
                 .
                 And
                 they
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 Erbissa
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Sicily
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VIII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Agesilaus
                   made
                   General
                   against
                   the
                   Persians
                   by
                   the
                   Lacedemonians
                   ;
                   goes
                   to
                   Ephesus
                   .
                   They
                   send
                   to
                   the
                   King
                   of
                   Egypt
                   for
                   Assistance
                   .
                   The
                   Persians
                   routed
                   at
                   Sipylus
                   by
                   Agesilaus
                   .
                   Tissaphernes's
                   Head
                   cut
                   off
                   in
                   a
                   Bath
                   at
                   Larissa
                   .
                   The
                   War
                   between
                   the
                   Phoceans
                   and
                   Baeotians
                   .
                
              
               
                 IN
                 Greece
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 foresaw
                 the
                 great
                 War
                 they
                 were
                 likely
                 to
                 have
                 with
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 Agesilaus
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 their
                 two
                 Kings
                 ,
                 their
                 General
                 ,
                 who
                 raising
                 Six
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 chusing
                 Thirty
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 eminent
                 Citizens
                 to
                 be
                 Members
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 pass'd
                 over
                 out
                 of
                 Europe
                 to
                 Ephesus
                 .
                 There
                 he
                 rais'd
                 Four
                 thousand
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 march'd
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 
                 Hundred
                 Horse
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Camp
                 follow'd
                 a
                 Rabble
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 Pillage
                 and
                 Plunder
                 ,
                 )
                 not
                 inferior
                 in
                 Number
                 to
                 the
                 Army
                 it self
                 .
                 He
                 ran
                 through
                 the
                 Plains
                 of
                 the
                 Caystrions
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 all
                 that
                 belong
                 to
                 the
                 Persians
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 Cumae
                 .
                 Moving
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 he
                 spent
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Summer
                 in
                 spoiling
                 and
                 wasting
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 the
                 Country
                 next
                 adjoyning
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 loaded
                 his
                 Army
                 with
                 Pillage
                 and
                 Spoil
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 latter
                 end
                 of
                 Autumn
                 return'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 Ephesus
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 Things
                 were
                 acting
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 *
                 Nephreus
                 King
                 of
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 procure
                 his
                 Assistance
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ;
                 who
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Spartans
                 Tackle
                 and
                 Furniture
                 for
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Bushels
                 of
                 Wheat
                 instead
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 Pharax
                 therefore
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 loosing
                 from
                 Rhodes
                 with
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 twenty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Cassandra
                 a
                 Castle
                 of
                 Caria
                 ,
                 distant
                 a
                 Hundred
                 
                 and
                 fifty
                 Stages
                 from
                 Caunus
                 .
                 Setting
                 sail
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 he
                 besieg'd
                 Caunus
                 and
                 Conon
                 the
                 Persian
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 who
                 then
                 lay
                 there
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Forty
                 Sail.
                 But
                 Artaphernes
                 and
                 Pharnabazus
                 approaching
                 to
                 the
                 Relief
                 of
                 Caunus
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 Pharax
                 rais'd
                 his
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 with
                 his
                 Fleet
                 to
                 Rhodes
                 .
              
               
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 Canon
                 got
                 together
                 Fourscore
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 these
                 sails
                 over
                 the
                 Chersones
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Rhodes
                 refuse
                 to
                 suffer
                 the
                 Peloponnesian
                 Fleet
                 to
                 enter
                 
                 their
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 and
                 Revoit
                 from
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 receive
                 Conon
                 with
                 his
                 Navy
                 into
                 their
                 Port
                 and
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 presently
                 after
                 ,
                 they
                 who
                 brought
                 Corn
                 out
                 of
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 (
                 design'd
                 for
                 the
                 
                   Lacedemonians
                   ,
                
                 )
                 not
                 knowing
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 the
                 Defection
                 of
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 ,
                 sail'd
                 boldly
                 to
                 the
                 Island
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Conon
                 the
                 Persian
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 ,
                 brought
                 them
                 and
                 their
                 Loading
                 into
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 and
                 stor'd
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 Corn.
                 And
                 there
                 came
                 likewise
                 other
                 Ships
                 to
                 Conon
                 ,
                 Ten
                 from
                 Silicia
                 ,
                 and
                 Fourscore
                 from
                 Phenicia
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Lord
                 Lieutenant
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 S●don
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 afterwards
                 Agesilaus
                 drawing
                 out
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 the
                 Plain
                 of
                 Caystrus
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Places
                 
                 near
                 to
                 Sipylus
                 ,
                 plunder'd
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Tissaphernes
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Ten
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 came
                 upon
                 the
                 Backs
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 all
                 the
                 Stragglers
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 forraging
                 and
                 ranging
                 about
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 But
                 Agesilaus
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Phalanx
                 (
                 drawn
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 Square
                 )
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 rising
                 Grounds
                 at
                 Sipylus
                 ,
                 watching
                 his
                 opportunity
                 to
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 over-ran
                 all
                 the
                 Country
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 Sardis
                 ,
                 and
                 amongst
                 others
                 wasted
                 and
                 
                 destroy'd
                 a
                 *
                 Garden
                 belonging
                 to
                 Tissaphernes
                 ,
                 set
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Things
                 for
                 Delight
                 ,
                 and
                 Divertisement
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 beautifi'd
                 with
                 very
                 great
                 Art
                 and
                 Cost
                 .
                 Marching
                 thence
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 half
                 way
                 between
                 Sardis
                 and
                 Thyberne
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 Xenocles
                 the
                 Spartan
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 with
                 Fourteen
                 hundred
                 Men
                 into
                 a
                 Wood
                 to
                 lie
                 in
                 Ambush
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 intercept
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 he
                 himself
                 (
                 about
                 spring
                 of
                 Day
                 )
                 marching
                 forward
                 with
                 the
                 Army
                 :
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 passd
                 the
                 Ambuscade
                 ,
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 in
                 great
                 
                 Fury
                 on
                 the
                 sudden
                 set
                 upon
                 his
                 Rear
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 forthwith
                 wheel'd
                 about
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 hotly
                 engag'd
                 ,
                 he
                 lift
                 up
                 a
                 Sign
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 Ambush
                 ,
                 who
                 forthwith
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Shout
                 came
                 in
                 and
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 who
                 seeing
                 themselves
                 surrounded
                 ,
                 (
                 in
                 great
                 Fear
                 and
                 Terror
                 )
                 betook
                 themselves
                 to
                 their
                 Heels
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 Six
                 thousand
                 were
                 kill'd
                 in
                 the
                 Pursuit
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Prisoners
                 taken
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 seiz'd
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Camp
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 very
                 rich
                 .
                 Tissaphernes
                 himself
                 amaz'd
                 at
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Fright
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 to
                 
                   Sardis
                   .
                   Agesilaus
                
                 was
                 mov'd
                 to
                 march
                 up
                 higher
                 into
                 the
                 other
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 the
                 Sacrifices
                 did
                 not
                 point
                 out
                 to
                 him
                 any
                 good
                 Success
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 the
                 Sea-side
                 ,
              
               
                 Artaxerxes
                 King
                 of
                 Asia
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 routing
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 was
                 both
                 Afraid
                 and
                 Angry
                 ;
                 Afraid
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 Angry
                 at
                 Tissaphernes
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 And
                 Parysatis
                 the
                 Queen-Mother
                 had
                 not
                 long
                 before
                 pray'd
                 Artaxerxes
                 ,
                 even
                 upon
                 her
                 Knees
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 Revenge
                 upon
                 Tissaphernes
                 ;
                 for
                 she
                 bare
                 him
                 a
                 mortal
                 Hatred
                 ,
                 
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 instrumental
                 to
                 frustrate
                 the
                 Expedition
                 of
                 her
                 Son
                 against
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 Artaxerxes
                 therefore
                 makes
                 Tithraustes
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 seize
                 Tissaphernes
                 ,
                 giving
                 him
                 likewise
                 Letters
                 directed
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 and
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 ordering
                 them
                 to
                 observe
                 his
                 Commands
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 Tithraustes
                 came
                 to
                 Colosse
                 in
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 Governor
                 of
                 Larissa
                 he
                 seiz'd
                 Tissaphernes
                 in
                 a
                 Bath
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 his
                 
                 Head
                 and
                 sent
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 King.
                 After
                 which
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 Truce
                 with
                 Agesilaus
                 for
                 Six
                 Months
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 Affairs
                 went
                 thus
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 the
                 Phoceans
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 ,
                 and
                 pray'd
                 
                 Aid
                 and
                 Assistance
                 from
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Lysander
                 was
                 sent
                 thither
                 with
                 a
                 few
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 who
                 rais'd
                 more
                 after
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Phocis
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 Pausanias
                 King
                 of
                 Sparta
                 was
                 sent
                 to
                 Phocis
                 with
                 Six
                 thousand
                 ,
                 whereupon
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 drew
                 out
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 join'd
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 found
                 Haliartus
                 besieg'd
                 by
                 Lysander
                 and
                 the
                 Phoceans
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 a
                 Battel
                 was
                 fought
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Lysander
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 with
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 were
                 kill'd
                 .
                 The
                 Boeotians
                 pursu'd
                 not
                 far
                 ,
                 but
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Thebans
                 lost
                 their
                 Lives
                 ,
                 by
                 falling
                 down
                 some
                 steep
                 Precipices
                 through
                 their
                 own
                 Carelesness
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 afterwards
                 call'd
                 the
                 Boeotian
                 War.
                 But
                 Pausanias
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Defeat
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 Truce
                 with
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Peloponnesus
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Conon
                 the
                 Persian
                 Admiral
                 committed
                 the
                 Care
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 to
                 Hieronymus
                 and
                 Nicodamus
                 ,
                 two
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 hasten'd
                 away
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 sailing
                 
                 to
                 Silicia
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 passing
                 to
                 Thapsacus
                 in
                 Syria
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 himself
                 in
                 a
                 Barge
                 ,
                 and
                 sail'd
                 down
                 the
                 River
                 Euphrates
                 to
                 Babylon
                 .
                 Here
                 being
                 admitted
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 he
                 promis'd
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 the
                 King
                 would
                 but
                 furnish
                 him
                 with
                 Money
                 and
                 other
                 Necessaries
                 as
                 he
                 should
                 think
                 fit
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 undertake
                 to
                 ruin
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Fleet.
                 The
                 King
                 was
                 much
                 pleas'd
                 ,
                 and
                 highly
                 Commended
                 and
                 Rewarded
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 a
                 Paymaster
                 to
                 attend
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 pay
                 him
                 as
                 much
                 Money
                 as
                 he
                 should
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 require
                 He
                 gave
                 him
                 likewise
                 liberty
                 to
                 chuse
                 what
                 Persian
                 he
                 would
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Collegue
                 and
                 Assistant
                 in
                 the
                 
                 Command
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 thereupon
                 chose
                 Pharnabazus
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 taken
                 Order
                 for
                 all
                 Things
                 ,
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 of
                 his
                 Power
                 ,
                 )
                 he
                 went
                 down
                 to
                 Sea.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 IX
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Confederate
                   War
                   by
                   the
                   Argives
                   and
                   others
                   against
                   the
                   Lacedemonians
                   .
                   The
                   Battel
                   at
                   Aricas
                   .
                   The
                   Fight
                   at
                   
                     Nemea
                     .
                     Pisander
                  
                   the
                   Lacedemonian
                   Admiral
                   routed
                   in
                   a
                   Sea-Fight
                   at
                   Cnidus
                   by
                   the
                   Persian
                   Fleet
                   ,
                   commanded
                   by
                   Conon
                   the
                   Athenian
                   .
                   The
                   Corinthian
                   War
                   against
                   the
                   Lacedemonians
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   great
                   Sedition
                   there
                   .
                
              
               
                 AT
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 year
                 Diophantus
                 was
                 made
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 Rome
                 Six
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 were
                 invested
                 with
                 the
                 Consular
                 Authority
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Valerius
                   ,
                   Marcus
                   Furius
                   ,
                   Quintus
                   Servilius
                   ,
                   Quintus
                   Sulpitius
                   ,
                
                 *
                 Claudius
                 *
                 Ogron
                 ,
                 and
                 *
                 
                   Marius
                   Appius
                
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 their
                 Governments
                 ,
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 and
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 and
                 the
                 Argives
                 ,
                 Confederated
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 conceiv'd
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 (
                 being
                 the
                 most
                 considerable
                 and
                 largest
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 )
                 did
                 but
                 stick
                 close
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 easily
                 overcome
                 the
                 Lordly
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rather
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 hated
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 for
                 their
                 Tyrannical
                 Government
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 they
                 first
                 order'd
                 a
                 General
                 Assembly
                 of
                 Members
                 from
                 the
                 several
                 Cities
                 to
                 meet
                 at
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 where
                 being
                 met
                 ,
                 they
                 order'd
                 all
                 Things
                 necessary
                 concerning
                 the
                 War.
                 Afterwards
                 they
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 from
                 City
                 to
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 took
                 off
                 many
                 from
                 siding
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 And
                 presently
                 there
                 join'd
                 with
                 them
                 all
                 Eubea
                 generally
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Leucadians
                   ,
                   Acarnanians
                   ,
                   Ambraciots
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Chalcideans
                 of
                 Thrace
                 .
                 They
                 then
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 bring
                 into
                 the
                 Confederacy
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Peloponnesus
                 ;
                 but
                 none
                 of
                 them
                 would
                 hearken
                 to
                 them
                 :
                 For
                 Sparta
                 lying
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 was
                 as
                 a
                 Castle
                 or
                 Bulwark
                 for
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 Medius
                 ,
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 Larissa
                 in
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 was
                 about
                 that
                 time
                 engag'd
                 in
                 a
                 War
                 with
                 Lycophrone
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Phereans
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 upon
                 his
                 Request
                 this
                 General
                 Assembly
                 sent
                 in
                 Aid
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 these
                 Aides
                 ,
                 takes
                 Pharsalus
                 ,
                 (
                 a
                 Lacedemonian
                 Garison
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 sells
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 for
                 Slaves
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 ,
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 Argos
                 ,
                 separating
                 themselves
                 from
                 Medius
                 ,
                 took
                 Heraclea
                 in
                 Trachinia
                 ,
                 being
                 let
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 they
                 put
                 all
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ;
                 but
                 suffer'd
                 the
                 Peloponnesians
                 to
                 depart
                 with
                 all
                 that
                 belong'd
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 recall'd
                 the
                 Trachinians
                 to
                 inhabit
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 had
                 forc'd
                 to
                 till
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 ancient
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 Istmenias
                 the
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 leaving
                 the
                 Argives
                 to
                 guard
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Eneans
                 and
                 Achamaneans
                 to
                 desert
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 rais'd
                 among
                 them
                 and
                 other
                 Confederates
                 many
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Six
                 thousand
                 Men
                 against
                 the
                 Phoceans
                 .
                 Not
                 long
                 after
                 he
                 encamp'd
                 near
                 Aricas
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 Locris
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 Birth-place
                 of
                 Ajax
                 ,
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 said
                 ,
                 )
                 where
                 the
                 Phoceans
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 
                 Conduct
                 of
                 Lacisthenes
                 a
                 Laconian
                 ,
                 came
                 out
                 against
                 him
                 and
                 fought
                 him
                 :
                 The
                 Dispute
                 was
                 very
                 sharp
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 got
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 and
                 pursu'd
                 the
                 
                 Enemy
                 till
                 it
                 grew
                 dark
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 they
                 kill'd
                 above
                 a
                 Thousand
                 ,
                 and
                 lost
                 Five
                 hundred
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 Battel
                 ,
                 both
                 Sides
                 disbanded
                 their
                 Armies
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Phoceans
                 returned
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 to
                 Corinth
                 ;
                 where
                 having
                 call'd
                 a
                 Senate
                 ,
                 and
                 encourag'd
                 by
                 this
                 good
                 Success
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 conceiv'd
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 )
                 they
                 muster'd
                 at
                 Corinth
                 (
                 rais'd
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 far
                 and
                 near
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 about
                 Fifteen
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 seeing
                 that
                 the
                 greatest
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 had
                 confederated
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 determin'd
                 to
                 send
                 for
                 Agesilaus
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Army
                 he
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 Asia
                 .
                 Yet
                 
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 they
                 march'd
                 out
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 with
                 Three
                 and
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 rais'd
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 among
                 their
                 Confederates
                 .
                 And
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 a
                 Battel
                 was
                 fought
                 at
                 the
                 River
                 Nemea
                 ,
                 which
                 continu'd
                 till
                 Night
                 parted
                 them
                 ,
                 wherein
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 prevail'd
                 one
                 against
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 There
                 fell
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 and
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 Eleven
                 hundred
                 ;
                 but
                 of
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 and
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 were
                 slain
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 .
              
               
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 Agesilaus
                 had
                 landed
                 his
                 Army
                 in
                 Europe
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 encountred
                 by
                 a
                 great
                 Body
                 
                 of
                 Thracians
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 routed
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 Thence
                 he
                 march'd
                 through
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 on
                 purpose
                 to
                 pass
                 that
                 way
                 Xerxes
                 had
                 formerly
                 done
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 with
                 a
                 powerful
                 Army
                 into
                 Greece
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 pass'd
                 through
                 Macedon
                 and
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 on
                 forward
                 to
                 the
                 Straits
                 of
                 Thermopylae
                 ,
                 and
                 pass'd
                 through
                 that
                 way
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Conon
                 and
                 Pharnabazus
                 ,
                 the
                 Persian
                 Admirals
                 lay
                 at
                 Doryma
                 in
                 the
                 Chersonese
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 more
                 than
                 Ninety
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 inform'd
                 that
                 the
                 Enemies
                 
                 Navy
                 lay
                 at
                 Cnidus
                 ,
                 they
                 prepared
                 for
                 a
                 Sea-Fight
                 .
                 *
                 Periarchus
                 the
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Fleet
                 weighing
                 Anchor
                 from
                 Cnidus
                 ,
                 arrived
                 at
                 Physeus
                 in
                 Chersonesus
                 with
                 Eighty
                 five
                 Gallies
                 ;
                 and
                 loosing
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 King's
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 the
                 advantage
                 against
                 those
                 Ships
                 he
                 first
                 attack'd
                 :
                 But
                 upon
                 the
                 Persian
                 Gallies
                 coming
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 full
                 Body
                 to
                 rescue
                 their
                 Fellows
                 ,
                 his
                 Confederates
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 judging
                 it
                 a
                 base
                 and
                 dishonourable
                 thing
                 for
                 a
                 Spartan
                 to
                 turn
                 his
                 Back
                 ,
                 tack'd
                 about
                 to
                 front
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 fighting
                 with
                 great
                 Gallantry
                 ,
                 (
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 destroy'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 in
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Fight
                 )
                 was
                 at
                 length
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 fell
                 with
                 Honour
                 worthy
                 
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 with
                 Conon
                 pursuing
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 to
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 took
                 Fifty
                 of
                 their
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Men
                 swam
                 to
                 Land
                 and
                 escap'd
                 ,
                 only
                 Five
                 hundred
                 were
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Gallies
                 came
                 to
                 Gnidus
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Agesilaus
                 being
                 strengthen'd
                 with
                 Forces
                 from
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 entred
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 
                 into
                 Boeotia
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 and
                 their
                 Confederates
                 forthwith
                 met
                 him
                 at
                 Coronea
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 engag'd
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Battel
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 put
                 that
                 Wing
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 to
                 slight
                 that
                 oppos'd
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 Camp
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 after
                 a
                 small
                 Resistance
                 ,
                 were
                 routed
                 by
                 Agesilaus
                 and
                 his
                 Party
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 looking
                 upon
                 themselves
                 as
                 Conquerors
                 ,
                 in
                 token
                 of
                 Victory
                 erected
                 a
                 Trophy
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 Leave
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 to
                 bury
                 their
                 Dead
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 were
                 kill'd
                 of
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 and
                 their
                 Confederates
                 above
                 Six
                 hundred
                 ;
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 and
                 their
                 Associates
                 above
                 Three
                 hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 ;
                 Agesilaus
                 himself
                 being
                 sorely
                 wounded
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 to
                 Delphos
                 to
                 be
                 cur'd
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 late
                 Sea-fight
                 ,
                 Pharnabazus
                 and
                 Conon
                 invaded
                 the
                 Confederates
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ;
                 and
                 first
                 forc'd
                 them
                 of
                 Coos
                 to
                 a
                 Defection
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 then
                 those
                 of
                 *
                 Nisea
                 ,
                 and
                 †
                 Tios
                 or
                 Teium
                 .
                 Afterward
                 the
                 Chians
                 (
                 forcing
                 out
                 the
                 Garison
                 there
                 )
                 revolted
                 to
                 Conon
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 
                   Mitylenes
                   ,
                   Ephesians
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Erythreans
                 likewise
                 follow'd
                 the
                 Examples
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 revolted
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 (
                 casting
                 out
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Garisons
                 )
                 took
                 the
                 opportunity
                 absolutely
                 to
                 free
                 themselves
                 ;
                 others
                 from
                 that
                 time
                 gave
                 themselves
                 up
                 into
                 
                 Conon's
                 Hands
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 that
                 time
                 forward
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 lost
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 the
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 Conon
                 determining
                 to
                 sail
                 for
                 Attica
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 weighs
                 Anchor
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 
                 way
                 beinging
                 over
                 the
                 Islands
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Cyclades
                 to
                 his
                 side
                 ,
                 he
                 makes
                 straight
                 for
                 †
                 Cythera
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 gain'd
                 upon
                 the
                 first
                 Approach
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 Hostages
                 of
                 the
                 Cythereans
                 for
                 their
                 Fidelity
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 them
                 away
                 to
                 Laconia
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 put
                 a
                 strong
                 Garison
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 sail'd
                 for
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 had
                 Audience
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 entring
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 ,
                 and
                 leaving
                 Money
                 with
                 them
                 for
                 the
                 carrying
                 on
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 into
                 Asia
                 .
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Eropus
                 King
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 dy'd
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 reign'd
                 Six
                 Years
                 ;
                 his
                 Son
                 Pausanias
                 succeeded
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 reign'd
                 only
                 One
                 Year
                 .
                 Theopompus
                 of
                 Chius
                 ends
                 his
                 History
                 with
                 this
                 Year
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 Sea-fight
                 at
                 Cnidus
                 ,
                 containing
                 the
                 Relation
                 of
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Affairs
                 in
                 Twelve
                 Books
                 ;
                 begun
                 at
                 the
                 Sea-fight
                 at
                 Cynossema
                 ,
                 where
                 Thucydides
                 ends
                 ,
                 comprehending
                 Seventeen
                 Years
                 .
                 
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 last
                 Year
                 ,
                 Eubulides
                 was
                 made
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 Six
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 executed
                 the
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 at
                 
                   Rome
                   ,
                   (
                   Lucius
                   Sergius
                   ,
                   Aulus
                   Posthumius
                   ,
                   Publius
                   Cornelius
                   ,
                   Sextus
                   Centius
                   ,
                   Quintus
                   Manlius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 *
                 
                   Anitius
                   Camillus
                   .
                
                 )
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 Conon
                 the
                 Persian
                 Admiral
                 arrived
                 in
                 the
                 Pireum
                 at
                 Athens
                 with
                 Fourscore
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 the
                 Citizens
                 to
                 rebuild
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Walls
                 and
                 long
                 Thighs
                 of
                 the
                 Pyream
                 were
                 demolish'd
                 by
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Articles
                 of
                 the
                 Peace
                 when
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 brought
                 very
                 low
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Power
                 broken
                 by
                 the
                 Peloponn●sian
                 War.
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 Conon
                 hir'd
                 many
                 Workmen
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 several
                 out
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Fleet
                 to
                 be
                 assisting
                 to
                 the
                 carrying
                 on
                 of
                 the
                 Work
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Wall
                 was
                 finish'd
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Thebans
                 sent
                 in
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Carpenters
                 and
                 Masons
                 ,
                 and
                 several
                 other
                 Cities
                 gave
                 their
                 Assistance
                 .
                 But
                 Teribazus
                 ,
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 Forces
                 in
                 Asia
                 envying
                 
                 Conon's
                 Successes
                 ,
                 contriv'd
                 falsly
                 to
                 charge
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 
                 only
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 get
                 Towns
                 and
                 Cities
                 for
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ;
                 therefore
                 sending
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 Sardis
                 ,
                 upon
                 his
                 appearance
                 he
                 seiz'd
                 him
                 and
                 threw
                 him
                 into
                 
                 Prison
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 now
                 at
                 Corinth
                 some
                 that
                 had
                 thirsted
                 after
                 the
                 chief
                 Rule
                 and
                 Command
                 in
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 entred
                 into
                 a
                 Conspiracy
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 publick
                 Plays
                 kill'd
                 many
                 
                 in
                 the
                 Play-house
                 ,
                 and
                 fill'd
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 Tumult
                 and
                 Sedition
                 .
                 And
                 being
                 assisted
                 by
                 the
                 Argives
                 they
                 cut
                 the
                 Throats
                 of
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 Banish'd
                 Five
                 
                 hundred
                 more
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedaemonians
                 raised
                 Forces
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 reduce
                 these
                 Murderers
                 by
                 Force
                 of
                 Arms
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 Beotians
                 came
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 to
                 their
                 assistance
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 an
                 Eye
                 to
                 bring
                 the
                 City
                 into
                 their
                 Subjection
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Exiles
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 and
                 other
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 came
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Lecheum
                 and
                 *
                 Arsenal
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 it
                 by
                 Storm
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 the
                 Townsmen
                 drew
                 out
                 their
                 Forces
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Iphicrates
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 routed
                 by
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 who
                 slew
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Beotians
                 and
                 Athenians
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Argives
                 and
                 Corinthians
                 ,
                 march'd
                 down
                 with
                 their
                 Forces
                 to
                 the
                 Lecheum
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 first
                 (
                 after
                 a
                 short
                 Resistance
                 )
                 forced
                 their
                 way
                 into
                 the
                 Castle
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 and
                 Exiles
                 (
                 Valiantly
                 renewing
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 )
                 drove
                 out
                 the
                 Beotians
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 forced
                 to
                 return
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 about
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Celebrating
                 the
                 Isthmian
                 Games
                 approached
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Contest
                 fell
                 out
                 amongst
                 them
                 concerning
                 the
                 Ordering
                 and
                 Management
                 of
                 the
                 Sports
                 :
                 And
                 after
                 much
                 wrangling
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 prevail'd
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 to
                 the
                 Exiles
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 ordering
                 that
                 Affair
                 :
                 And
                 because
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Skirmishes
                 and
                 Encounters
                 in
                 this
                 War
                 happen'd
                 near
                 to
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 call'd
                 the
                 Corinthian
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 lasted
                 Eight
                 Years
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 X.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Quarrel
                   between
                   the
                   Rhegians
                   and
                   
                     Dionysius
                     .
                     Mago
                  
                   the
                   Carthaginian
                   settles
                   Affairs
                   in
                   Sicily
                   .
                   Routed
                   at
                   Abacena
                   by
                   
                     Dionysius
                     .
                     Rhegium
                  
                   near
                   surpriz'd
                   by
                   Dionysius
                   .
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Iphicrates
                   at
                   
                     Corinth
                     ,
                     Phlias
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Sicyon
                     .
                     Amyntas
                  
                   lost
                   his
                   Kingdom
                   of
                   Macedonia
                   ,
                   but
                   was
                   restor'd
                   .
                   The
                   Romans
                   take
                   Veii
                   ;
                   Dedicate
                   a
                   Golden
                   Cup
                   to
                   Apollo
                   .
                   Their
                   Ambassadors
                   are
                   taken
                   by
                   the
                   Pirates
                   of
                   the
                   Lipari-Islands
                   ,
                   but
                   discharg'd
                   by
                   Timasitheus
                   .
                
              
               
                 MOreover
                 ,
                 about
                 this
                 time
                 they
                 of
                 Rhegium
                 quarrelled
                 with
                 Dionysius
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 because
                 
                 he
                 had
                 fortify'd
                 Messina
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 intended
                 thereby
                 some
                 Mischief
                 against
                 them
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 they
                 receiv'd
                 into
                 their
                 Protection
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 driven
                 out
                 by
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 others
                 that
                 hated
                 his
                 Government
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 gave
                 Mylas
                 to
                 the
                 late
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Naxus
                 and
                 Catana
                 to
                 be
                 inhabited
                 by
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 sent
                 Heloris
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 to
                 besiege
                 Messina
                 ;
                 and
                 while
                 he
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 the
                 Townsmen
                 with
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 drew
                 out
                 and
                 fell
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 routed
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 above
                 Five
                 hundred
                 of
                 his
                 Followers
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 presently
                 set
                 upon
                 Mylas
                 and
                 took
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 and
                 discharg'd
                 all
                 the
                 Naxians
                 that
                 were
                 there
                 *
                 upon
                 terms
                 of
                 mutual
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 who
                 went
                 to
                 the
                 Sicilian
                 and
                 Grecian
                 Cities
                 ,
                 some
                 to
                 one
                 place
                 and
                 some
                 to
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 Dionysius
                 now
                 having
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Cities
                 that
                 lay
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 ,
                 determin'd
                 to
                 pass
                 over
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 against
                 Rhegium
                 :
                 But
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 his
                 Design
                 was
                 retarded
                 by
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 at
                 Tauromenum
                 ,
                 whom
                 therefore
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 to
                 reduce
                 ;
                 
                 to
                 which
                 end
                 he
                 marched
                 thither
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 Encamp'd
                 on
                 that
                 side
                 towards
                 Naxos
                 ,
                 and
                 continu'd
                 his
                 Siege
                 all
                 Winter
                 ,
                 in
                 hopes
                 that
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 would
                 leave
                 the
                 Hill
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 had
                 not
                 been
                 long
                 there
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 having
                 heard
                 their
                 Fathers
                 declare
                 that
                 the
                 ancient
                 Sicilians
                 (
                 the
                 former
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 that
                 Place
                 )
                 were
                 expuls'd
                 thence
                 by
                 the
                 Grecians
                 when
                 they
                 arriv'd
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 Naxus
                 ,
                 they
                 therefore
                 concluded
                 they
                 had
                 just
                 cause
                 both
                 to
                 defend
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 revenge
                 the
                 Injury
                 done
                 to
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 by
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 they
                 defended
                 the
                 Place
                 with
                 great
                 Resolution
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 Dispute
                 was
                 hot
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 *
                 the
                 Winter
                 Solstice
                 drew
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 Winter
                 coming
                 on
                 apace
                 all
                 the
                 Places
                 near
                 the
                 Castle
                 were
                 full
                 of
                 Snow
                 ;
                 and
                 Dionysius
                 conceiving
                 that
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 and
                 height
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 kept
                 but
                 a
                 slender
                 Guard
                 in
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 he
                 ascends
                 those
                 high
                 and
                 steep
                 Places
                 in
                 a
                 dark
                 and
                 tempestuous
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 much
                 difficulty
                 (
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 steepness
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 ,
                 and
                 depth
                 of
                 the
                 Snow
                 )
                 at
                 length
                 with
                 a
                 scarr'd
                 Face
                 and
                 half
                 blind
                 with
                 Cold
                 and
                 Snow
                 ;
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 one
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 :
                 Then
                 presently
                 forcing
                 into
                 another
                 ,
                 he
                 laid
                 open
                 a
                 Passage
                 for
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 whole
                 Power
                 and
                 Strength
                 of
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ran
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 drove
                 the
                 Dionystans
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 Castle
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 (
                 by
                 a
                 blow
                 upon
                 his
                 Brigandine
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 pursuit
                 was
                 knock'd
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 very
                 near
                 falling
                 alive
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 had
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 high
                 Ground
                 (
                 from
                 whence
                 they
                 gall'd
                 the
                 other
                 )
                 above
                 Six
                 hundred
                 of
                 
                 Dionysius's
                 his
                 Men
                 were
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 lost
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 himself
                 
                 sav'd
                 only
                 his
                 Corslet
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 Misfortune
                 ,
                 they
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 and
                 Messina
                 (
                 those
                 that
                 sided
                 with
                 Dionysius
                 being
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 )
                 were
                 altogether
                 intent
                 upon
                 regaining
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 sent
                 back
                 
                 Dionysius's
                 Ambassador
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 order'd
                 to
                 them
                 to
                 renew
                 and
                 continue
                 the
                 Confederacy
                 and
                 League
                 that
                 then
                 was
                 between
                 them
                 and
                 the
                 Ty●ant
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Pausanias
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 some
                 hainous
                 Crimes
                 laid
                 to
                 his
                 charge
                 by
                 the
                 Citizens
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 reign'd
                 Fourteen
                 Years
                 :
                 Agistpolis
                 his
                 Soft
                 succeeded
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 continu'd
                 as
                 many
                 years
                 more
                 ?
                 Then
                 likewise
                 dy'd
                 Pausania●
                 ;
                 King
                 of
                 Macedon
                 ,
                 whom
                 Amyntas
                 treacherously
                 murther'd
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 reign'd
                 only
                 one
                 Year
                 .
                 Amyntas
                 ,
                 who
                 thus
                 thus
                 got
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 held
                 it
                 Four
                 and
                 twenty
                 Years
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 ,
                 Demostratus
                 was
                 chosen
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 six
                 Military
                 
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 
                   Lucius
                   Titinius
                   ,
                   Publius
                   Licinius
                   ,
                   Publius
                   Melius
                   ,
                   Quintus
                
                 *
                 
                   Mallius
                   ,
                   Gneius
                   Genutius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Attilius
                
                 ,
                 govern'd
                 as
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 In
                 their
                 time
                 Mago
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 General
                 was
                 busie
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 settle
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Carthage
                 there
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 then
                 but
                 in
                 an
                 ill
                 Condition
                 ,
                 since
                 the
                 last
                 slaughter
                 and
                 ruin
                 of
                 their
                 Army
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 he
                 carry'd
                 himself
                 with
                 all
                 Mildness
                 and
                 Humanity
                 towards
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 within
                 his
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 all
                 others
                 into
                 his
                 Protection
                 that
                 were
                 Enemies
                 to
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 and
                 enter'd
                 into
                 Leagues
                 with
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 he
                 rais'd
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 against
                 Messina
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 wasted
                 the
                 Country
                 he
                 return'd
                 with
                 rich
                 Booty
                 ,
                 and
                 Encamp'd
                 near
                 Abacena
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 his
                 Confederates
                 .
                 But
                 Dionysius
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 march'd
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 his
                 approach
                 both
                 Armies
                 were
                 drawn
                 out
                 in
                 order
                 of
                 Battel
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 sharp
                 and
                 hot
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 were
                 routed
                 and
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 above
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 Men
                 :
                 And
                 Dionysius
                 return'd
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 .
                 But
                 within
                 a
                 few
                 days
                 after
                 he
                 made
                 an
                 Expedition
                 against
                 
                 Rhegium
                 with
                 an
                 hundred
                 Sail
                 well
                 Mann'd
                 ;
                 and
                 coming
                 upon
                 them
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 he
                 set
                 the
                 Gates
                 on
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 rear'd
                 Scaling-Ladders
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 .
                 A
                 few
                 only
                 of
                 the
                 Rhegians
                 at
                 first
                 ran
                 to
                 repulse
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 busied
                 themselves
                 in
                 extinguishing
                 the
                 Fire
                 ;
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 advice
                 of
                 Heloris
                 the
                 Governor
                 ,
                 they
                 left
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 force
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 sav'd
                 their
                 City
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 continu'd
                 
                 still
                 in
                 quenching
                 the
                 Flames
                 ,
                 so
                 small
                 a
                 number
                 could
                 not
                 have
                 kept
                 out
                 the
                 Dionysians
                 till
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 had
                 come
                 in
                 to
                 their
                 assistance
                 .
                 For
                 by
                 throwing
                 of
                 Timber
                 and
                 other
                 combustible
                 matter
                 from
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 the
                 Houses
                 next
                 adjoining
                 ,
                 they
                 rather
                 increas'd
                 the
                 Fire
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 being
                 thus
                 disappointed
                 in
                 his
                 design
                 ,
                 wastes
                 and
                 destroys
                 all
                 the
                 Country
                 round
                 about
                 with
                 Fire
                 and
                 Sword
                 ;
                 but
                 afterwards
                 made
                 a
                 Truce
                 with
                 them
                 for
                 one
                 Year
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 return'd
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Grecians
                 in
                 Italy
                 perceiving
                 that
                 Dionysius
                 his
                 Covetousness
                 and
                 
                 Ambition
                 extended
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 their
                 Countries
                 ,
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 general
                 League
                 ,
                 and
                 appointed
                 a
                 publick
                 Place
                 for
                 their
                 Common
                 Assemblies
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 means
                 they
                 hop'd
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 both
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 oppose
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 have
                 an
                 Army
                 always
                 ready
                 to
                 fight
                 the
                 Lucanians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 ever
                 and
                 anon
                 making
                 inroads
                 upon
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 doing
                 ,
                 the
                 Exiles
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Lecheum
                 at
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 being
                 let
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 possess
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 
                 driven
                 out
                 again
                 by
                 Iphicratis
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fly
                 to
                 the
                 Arsenal
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Men.
                 Within
                 a
                 few
                 days
                 after
                 ,
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Spartan
                 Army
                 march'd
                 through
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 suddenly
                 fallen
                 upon
                 by
                 Iphicrates
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 who
                 out
                 off
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 marching
                 from
                 thence
                 with
                 his
                 Light-arm'd
                 Men
                 against
                 Phlias
                 ,
                 he
                 engag'd
                 with
                 them
                 that
                 came
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 above
                 Three
                 hundred
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 Hence
                 he
                 made
                 against
                 Sicyon
                 ,
                 who
                 drew
                 out
                 under
                 
                 the
                 Walls
                 and
                 fought
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 beaten
                 and
                 forc'd
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Citizens
                 .
              
               
               
                 After
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 the
                 Argives
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Forces
                 came
                 against
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 both
                 
                 the
                 Castle
                 and
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 join'd
                 that
                 Territory
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 .
                 Iphicrates
                 the
                 Athenian
                 had
                 had
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 be
                 Master
                 of
                 that
                 Territory
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Place
                 conducing
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 gaining
                 and
                 keeping
                 the
                 Principality
                 of
                 Greece
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 People
                 opposing
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 Abdicated
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ordered
                 Cabrias
                 to
                 Corinth
                 in
                 his
                 room
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 
                   Macedonia
                   Amyntas
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Father
                 of
                 Philip
                 ,
                 was
                 ejected
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 *
                 City
                 by
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 ,
                 who
                 made
                 an
                 inroad
                 into
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 despairing
                 to
                 keep
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 the
                 *
                 Olynthians
                 the
                 Territory
                 next
                 adjoining
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 lost
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 yet
                 soon
                 after
                 he
                 recover'd
                 it
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 ,
                 and
                 reign'd
                 afterwards
                 Four
                 and
                 twenty
                 Years
                 .
                 Yet
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 that
                 write
                 ,
                 that
                 after
                 the
                 Expulsion
                 of
                 
                   Amyntas
                   ,
                   Argeus
                
                 reign'd
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Two
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 Amyntas
                 was
                 restor'd
                 .
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Satyrus
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Sparticus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Bospherus
                 ,
                 
                 dy'd
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 reign'd
                 Fourteen
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 Leuco
                 his
                 Son
                 succeeded
                 him
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Forty
                 years
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Italy
                 ,
                 after
                 Eleven
                 years
                 Siege
                 of
                 the
                 Veians
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 created
                 *
                 
                   Marcus
                   Furius
                
                 ,
                 Dictator
                 ,
                 and
                 **
                 
                   Publius
                   Cornelius
                
                 ,
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 .
                 Having
                 rais'd
                 an
                 Army
                 they
                 storm'd
                 Veii
                 by
                 undermining
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 raz'd
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 sold
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 for
                 Slaves
                 ;
                 after
                 which
                 the
                 Dictator
                 triumph'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Rome
                 dedicated
                 a
                 Golden
                 Cup
                 to
                 the
                 Oracle
                 at
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Tenth
                 of
                 the
                 Spoils
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 that
                 carry'd
                 the
                 Offering
                 were
                 fallen
                 upon
                 by
                 *
                 Thieves
                 or
                 Pirates
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Isles
                 of
                 Lapari
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 carry'd
                 
                 thither
                 .
                 Yet
                 when
                 Timasatheus
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 *
                 Lisopara
                 ,
                 heard
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 protected
                 the
                 Messengers
                 from
                 all
                 Injuries
                 ,
                 but
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Cup
                 to
                 be
                 restor'd
                 ,
                 and
                 suffer'd
                 them
                 to
                 pass
                 safely
                 to
                 Delphos
                 :
                 Who
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 deliver'd
                 the
                 Cup
                 into
                 the
                 Treasury
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Messinians
                 ,
                 return'd
                 to
                 Rome
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 the
                 Romans
                 understood
                 how
                 nobly
                 Timasatheus
                 had
                 dealt
                 with
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 they
                 presently
                 so
                 far
                 honour'd
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 of
                 Alliance
                 and
                 Friendship
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 an
                 Hundred
                 thirty
                 and
                 seven
                 years
                 after
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 took
                 Lipara
                 from
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 they
                 order'd
                 all
                 the
                 Posterity
                 of
                 Timasatheus
                 to
                 be
                 quit
                 of
                 Tribute
                 ,
                 and
                 free
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 respects
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XI
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Thrasybulus
                   the
                   Athenian
                   General
                   .
                   The
                   Carthaginians
                   under
                   Mago
                   begin
                   a
                   new
                   War
                   in
                   Sicily
                   against
                   Dionysius
                   .
                   A
                   Peace
                   concluded
                   .
                   Rhodes
                   falls
                   off
                   from
                   the
                   
                     Athenians
                     .
                     Evagoras
                  
                   becomes
                   King
                   of
                   Salamis
                   in
                   Cyprus
                   .
                   Makes
                   War
                   against
                   the
                   Persians
                   .
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Thimbro
                   ,
                   the
                   Lacedemonian
                   General
                   in
                   Asia
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHen
                 the
                 Year
                 was
                 ended
                 ,
                 Philocles
                 was
                 made
                 Lord-Chancellor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 six
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 *
                 
                   Publius
                   Sextus
                   ,
                   Publius
                   Cornelius
                
                 *
                 
                   Crassus
                   ,
                   Ceso
                   Fabius
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Furius
                   ,
                   Quintus
                   Servilius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Valerius
                
                 executed
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 was
                 celebrated
                 the
                 Ninety
                 Seventh
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Terites
                 was
                 Victor
                 .
                 And
                 then
                 the
                 Athenians
                 order'd
                 forth
                 their
                 General
                 Thrasybulus
                 with
                 Forty
                 sail
                 of
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 who
                 hasten'd
                 to
                 Ionia
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Money
                 from
                 the
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 he
                 weigh'd
                 Anchor
                 from
                 thence
                 and
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Chersonesus
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 staid
                 a
                 while
                 and
                 procur'd
                 Medocus
                 and
                 Seuthes
                 ,
                 Princes
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 to
                 become
                 Confederates
                 .
                 Presently
                 after
                 ,
                 he
                 pass'd
                 over
                 to
                 Lesbos
                 ,
                 and
                 anchor'd
                 with
                 his
                 Fleet
                 near
                 to
                 Eressus
                 :
                 But
                 by
                 a
                 violent
                 Storm
                 Three
                 and
                 Twenty
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 were
                 then
                 lost
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 he
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 reduce
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Lesbos
                 to
                 their
                 Obedience
                 ,
                 for
                 all
                 had
                 made
                 a
                 Defection
                 ,
                 except
                 Mitylene
                 ;
                 and
                 first
                 he
                 sets
                 upon
                 Methymna
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 with
                 the
                 Citizens
                 led
                 by
                 Therimacus
                 ,
                 a
                 Spartan
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 with
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Methymnians
                 his
                 followers
                 ,
                 and
                 drove
                 the
                 rest
                 within
                 their
                 Walls
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 great
                 Spoil
                 and
                 Havock
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 Eressus
                 and
                 Antissa
                 were
                 surrendered
                 to
                 him
                 :
                 Then
                 (
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Shipping
                 from
                 Chius
                 and
                 
                   Mitylene
                   ,
                
                 )
                 he
                 fail'd
                 to
                 Rhodes
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 having
                 (
                 after
                 the
                 Slaughter
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 )
                 at
                 length
                 recover'd
                 
                 their
                 Strength
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 renew
                 their
                 Attempts
                 for
                 the
                 bettering
                 their
                 Affairs
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 they
                 determin'd
                 to
                 try
                 their
                 Fortune
                 by
                 a
                 Battel
                 at
                 Land
                 ,
                 they
                 pass'd
                 over
                 but
                 with
                 a
                 few
                 long
                 Ships
                 ;
                 but
                 raised
                 Soldiers
                 out
                 of
                 
                   Africa
                   ,
                   Sardinia
                
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 among
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 arm'd
                 them
                 all
                 compleatly
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 Charge
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 these
                 
                 they
                 Landed
                 in
                 Sicily
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Fourscore
                 thousand
                 ,
                 under
                 their
                 General
                 Mago
                 ;
                 who
                 marching
                 through
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 caused
                 many
                 Cities
                 to
                 desert
                 and
                 fall
                 off
                 from
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 Encamp'd
                 at
                 the
                 River
                 Chrysa
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Argyrineans
                 ,
                 near
                 the
                 Road
                 leading
                 to
                 Morgantinum
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 bring
                 over
                 
                 the
                 Argyrineans
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 either
                 by
                 fair
                 means
                 or
                 foul
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 an
                 Halt
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 because
                 he
                 heard
                 an
                 Army
                 was
                 upon
                 their
                 march
                 against
                 him
                 from
                 Syracuse
                 .
                 For
                 
                 Dionysius
                 having
                 intelligence
                 of
                 the
                 Motion
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 through
                 the
                 Heart
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Country
                 ,
                 without
                 delay
                 ,
                 got
                 together
                 what
                 Forces
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 both
                 Syracusians
                 and
                 Mercernaries
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 with
                 no
                 fewer
                 than
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Men.
                 And
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Camp
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Agyris
                 ,
                 Prince
                 of
                 the
                 Agyreans
                 ,
                 who
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 was
                 the
                 greatest
                 and
                 most
                 Powerful
                 Prince
                 of
                 Sicily
                 next
                 to
                 Dionysius
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Castles
                 and
                 Strong
                 holds
                 lying
                 round
                 about
                 ,
                 under
                 his
                 Power
                 and
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Agyreans
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 commanded
                 ,
                 was
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 very
                 Populous
                 ,
                 having
                 in
                 it
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Citizens
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 sufficiently
                 provided
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Victuals
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 vast
                 Treasure
                 was
                 laid
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 which
                 Agyris
                 had
                 hoarded
                 up
                 from
                 the
                 Confiscations
                 of
                 the
                 Richest
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 therefore
                 entring
                 with
                 a
                 few
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 gain'd
                 Agyris
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 promising
                 to
                 bestow
                 on
                 him
                 a
                 large
                 Territory
                 next
                 adjoining
                 to
                 him
                 if
                 he
                 succeeded
                 in
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 Agyris
                 then
                 Freely
                 and
                 Liberally
                 furnish'd
                 
                 Dionysius's
                 Army
                 with
                 Bread
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 
                 Provision
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 drew
                 out
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 join'd
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Mago
                 being
                 in
                 an
                 Enemies
                 Country
                 (
                 and
                 every
                 day
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 pinch'd
                 with
                 want
                 of
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 was
                 necessary
                 )
                 was
                 very
                 uneasie
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Argyreans
                 being
                 well
                 acquainted
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Ways
                 and
                 Passes
                 ,
                 often
                 surpriz'd
                 his
                 Men
                 and
                 intercepted
                 all
                 Provision
                 .
                 The
                 Syracusions
                 were
                 for
                 fighting
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 ;
                 but
                 Dionysius
                 would
                 not
                 yield
                 to
                 that
                 ,
                 affirming
                 ,
                 That
                 Time
                 and
                 Want
                 would
                 ruin
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 without
                 Fighting
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 delay
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 were
                 so
                 enrag'd
                 that
                 they
                 deserted
                 his
                 Camp
                 :
                 Hereupon
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Fright
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 made
                 free
                 all
                 the
                 Slaves
                 .
                 Yet
                 afterwards
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 sending
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 treat
                 upon
                 Terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 them
                 
                 and
                 forthwith
                 restor'd
                 the
                 Servants
                 and
                 Slaves
                 to
                 their
                 Masters
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Conditions
                 were
                 like
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 but
                 something
                 fuller
                 in
                 this
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 should
                 be
                 Subject
                 to
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 have
                 Tauromenium
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Articles
                 were
                 Sign'd
                 and
                 Confirmed
                 ,
                 Mago
                 left
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 Dionysius
                 after
                 his
                 taking
                 possession
                 of
                 Tauromenium
                 ,
                 banish'd
                 thence
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ;
                 and
                 plac'd
                 in
                 their
                 room
                 the
                 Choicest
                 of
                 his
                 Mercenaries
                 .
                 Thus
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Sicily
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 Italy
                 the
                 Romans
                 took
                 *
                 Falerum
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Falisci
                 by
                 storm
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 the
                 Former
                 ,
                 this
                 Year
                 Nicoteles
                 executed
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 three
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 
                   Marcus
                   Furius
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Aemilius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Catlus
                   Berus
                
                 were
                 vested
                 with
                 the
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 they
                 of
                 Rhodes
                 that
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 expell'd
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 that
                 favour'd
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 got
                 together
                 in
                 Arms
                 to
                 defend
                 their
                 Interest
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedaemonian
                 Confederates
                 routed
                 them
                 with
                 the
                 slaughter
                 of
                 many
                 ,
                 and
                 proscrib'd
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 that
                 made
                 their
                 Escape
                 .
                 And
                 
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 afraid
                 lest
                 the
                 Citizens
                 should
                 be
                 contriving
                 some
                 Innovations
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 for
                 Aid
                 from
                 Lacedaemon
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 setting
                 out
                 seven
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 sent
                 away
                 
                   Eudocimus
                   ,
                   Philodicus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Diphila
                 ,
                 to
                 manage
                 Affairs
                 there
                 ;
                 who
                 arriving
                 at
                 Samos
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 fall
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 Then
                 coming
                 to
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 they
                 busy'd
                 themselves
                 in
                 settling
                 and
                 composing
                 Matters
                 there
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 seeing
                 their
                 Affairs
                 to
                 succeed
                 and
                 prosper
                 ,
                 they
                 resolved
                 again
                 to
                 recover
                 the
                 Dominion
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 prepar'd
                 a
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 degrees
                 brought
                 in
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 Confederates
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 purpose
                 they
                 fail'd
                 to
                 
                   Samos
                   ,
                   Rhodes
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Cnidus
                 ,
                 and
                 getting
                 together
                 Shipping
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 ,
                 they
                 Listed
                 from
                 thence
                 the
                 best
                 Seamen
                 they
                 could
                 get
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 bravely
                 Equipped
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Twenty
                 seven
                 Gallies
                 .
                 
              
               
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 Agesilaus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Lacedaemon
                 ,
                 hearing
                 that
                 the
                 Argives
                 lay
                 Encamp'd
                 at
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 made
                 an
                 Incursion
                 into
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 Argos
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 except
                 one
                 Regiment
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 Plunder'd
                 and
                 Spoil'd
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 their
                 Goods
                 and
                 Cattel
                 ,
                 and
                 cutting
                 down
                 the
                 Trees
                 all
                 along
                 through
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 he
                 returned
                 to
                 Sparta
                 .
              
               
               
                 In
                 
                   Cyprus
                   Evagoras
                
                 of
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 a
                 Noble
                 Family
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 descended
                 from
                 
                 the
                 Founders
                 of
                 that
                 City
                 )
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 sometime
                 before
                 expuls'd
                 the
                 City
                 by
                 a
                 Sedition
                 ,
                 
                 (
                 but
                 return'd
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 )
                 with
                 a
                 small
                 number
                 of
                 Men
                 his
                 Consederates
                 drave
                 Abdemon
                 the
                 Tyrrian
                 ,
                 Petit-Prince
                 of
                 Salamis
                 (
                 a
                 Friend
                 and
                 Allie
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 )
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 at
                 first
                 became
                 King
                 only
                 of
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 the
                 Greatest
                 and
                 Richest
                 City
                 of
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 growing
                 Rich
                 ,
                 he
                 raised
                 an
                 Army
                 and
                 purpos'd
                 to
                 bring
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 under
                 his
                 Dominion
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 end
                 he
                 gain'd
                 some
                 Cities
                 by
                 Force
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 he
                 wan
                 by
                 fair
                 Promises
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 
                   Amathusians
                   ,
                   Solians
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Citians
                 ,
                 (
                 resolving
                 to
                 stand
                 it
                 out
                 )
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Artaxerxes
                 for
                 aid
                 ,
                 and
                 charg'd
                 Evagoras
                 
                 with
                 the
                 Killing
                 of
                 Agyris
                 ,
                 the
                 Persians
                 Confederate
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 to
                 be
                 assistant
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 in
                 getting
                 the
                 Island
                 into
                 his
                 Hands
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 therefore
                 both
                 to
                 clip
                 the
                 Wings
                 of
                 Evagoras
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 not
                 grow
                 too
                 strong
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 consider'd
                 the
                 commodious
                 Situation
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 for
                 the
                 supply
                 and
                 provision
                 of
                 the
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 whereby
                 he
                 might
                 defend
                 Asia
                 ,
                 gave
                 order
                 to
                 send
                 Aid
                 to
                 the
                 Islanders
                 .
              
               
                 Dismissing
                 therefore
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 Letters
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Sea-Port-Towns
                 and
                 their
                 Governors
                 ,
                 to
                 build
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 what
                 Ships
                 they
                 could
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 furnish
                 them
                 with
                 Tackle
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Use
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 .
                 He
                 commanded
                 likewise
                 *
                 Hecatomnus
                 ,
                 Lord-Lieutenant
                 of
                 Caria
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 Evagoras
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 himself
                 (
                 going
                 through
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 Upper
                 Asia
                 )
                 sail'd
                 thence
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 to
                 Cyprus
                 .
                 And
                 such
                 were
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Asia
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Italy
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Falisci
                 ,
                 began
                 the
                 Fourth
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Equi
                 ;
                 and
                 took
                 Sutrium
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 but
                 lost
                 the
                 Town
                 of
                 Verrugo
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 this
                 Year
                 ended
                 ,
                 Demostratus
                 was
                 chosen
                 Archon
                 ,
                 or
                 Lord-Chancellor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Lucretius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 *
                 
                   Servilius
                   Cossus
                
                 ,
                 were
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 Artaxerxes
                 declar'd
                 Strutha
                 his
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 him
                 down
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 to
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 against
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 hearing
                 of
                 his
                 March
                 sent
                 Thimbro
                 their
                 General
                 into
                 Asia
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 Jonda
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 high
                 and
                 steep
                 Mountain
                 Corossus
                 ,
                 about
                 Forty
                 *
                 Stages
                 distant
                 from
                 Ephesus
                 .
                 From
                 thence
                 he
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoiled
                 the
                 King's
                 Provinces
                 with
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 Men
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 rais'd
                 in
                 Asia
                 .
                 But
                 Struthas
                 (
                 who
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Body
                 of
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Heavy-arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 above
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Light-arm'd
                 ,
                 Encamp'd
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 )
                 at
                 length
                 ,
                 when
                 Thimbro
                 was
                 out
                 with
                 a
                 Party
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 loaded
                 himself
                 with
                 Plunder
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 and
                 by
                 surprise
                 ,
                 fell
                 upon
                 him
                 and
                 kill'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 and
                 kill'd
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 (
                 being
                 but
                 few
                 )
                 escap'd
                 to
                 the
                 Castle
                 Cnidiniam
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 Thrasybulus
                 the
                 Athenian
                 General
                 ,
                 loosing
                 from
                 Lesbos
                 ,
                 arriv'd
                 with
                 his
                 Fleet
                 at
                 Aspendus
                 ,
                 and
                 Anchor'd
                 at
                 the
                 River
                 Eurymedon
                 ,
                 and
                 thô
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 Contributions
                 from
                 them
                 of
                 Aspendus
                 ,
                 yet
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 Ravag'd
                 and
                 Plunder'd
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 highly
                 provok'd
                 the
                 Aspendians
                 ,
                 in
                 so
                 much
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 they
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 Thrasybulus
                 himself
                 ;
                 which
                 struck
                 
                 such
                 a
                 Terror
                 into
                 the
                 Captains
                 and
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 forthwith
                 return'd
                 to
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 sail'd
                 to
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 where
                 finding
                 that
                 the
                 City
                 had
                 deserted
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 that
                 posess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 a
                 certain
                 Castle
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 themselves
                 in
                 Array
                 against
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Athenians
                 heard
                 of
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Thrasybulus
                 ,
                 they
                 dispatch'd
                 away
                 Argyrius
                 to
                 be
                 General
                 in
                 his
                 room
                 .
                 Thus
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Asia
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Dionysius
                   his
                   Expedition
                   against
                   Rhegium
                   .
                   The
                   War
                   between
                   the
                   Lucanians
                   and
                   Thurians
                   in
                   Italy
                   .
                   The
                   Thurians
                   cut
                   off
                   by
                   their
                   own
                   rashness
                   .
                   Leptines
                   generously
                   sav'd
                   those
                   that
                   swam
                   to
                   his
                   Ships
                   ,
                   though
                   he
                   was
                   a
                   Friend
                   to
                   their
                   Enemies
                   .
                   Dionysius
                   his
                   second
                   Expedition
                   into
                   Italy
                   ,
                   Besieges
                   Caulonia
                   and
                   routs
                   Heloris
                   .
                   Makes
                   Peace
                   with
                   the
                   Rhegians
                   .
                   Razes
                   Caulonia
                   to
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   transplants
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   to
                   Syracuse
                   .
                   Watches
                   an
                   Occasion
                   to
                   be
                   reveng'd
                   on
                   them
                   of
                   Rhegium
                   .
                   Besieges
                   it
                   .
                   He
                   sends
                   rich
                   Chariots
                   to
                   the
                   Olympick
                   Games
                   .
                   His
                   Poetry
                   ridicul'd
                   .
                
              
               
                 IN
                 
                   Sicily
                   Dionysius
                
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 Design
                 ,
                 and
                 did
                 what
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 bring
                 all
                 Sicily
                 and
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Greeks
                 in
                 Italy
                 under
                 his
                 Power
                 ,
                 yet
                 deferr'd
                 the
                 Expedition
                 against
                 them
                 to
                 some
                 other
                 time
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 said
                 before
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 consider'd
                 how
                 greatly
                 it
                 would
                 advance
                 his
                 Affairs
                 if
                 he
                 could
                 gain
                 Rhegium
                 (
                 the
                 Key
                 of
                 Italy
                 )
                 he
                 now
                 drew
                 out
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 then
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Gallies
                 .
                 With
                 these
                 he
                 pass'd
                 over
                 to
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 Locris
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 marching
                 through
                 the
                 Heart
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 he
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoiled
                 all
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 Rhegium
                 with
                 Fire
                 and
                 Sword
                 :
                 His
                 Fleet
                 attending
                 over
                 against
                 him
                 he
                 at
                 length
                 Encamp'd
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 near
                 the
                 Sea.
                 But
                 the
                 Italians
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Arrival
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Design
                 upon
                 Rhegium
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 put
                 forth
                 sixty
                 Sail
                 from
                 Crotona
                 for
                 the
                 aid
                 of
                 the
                 Rhegians
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 made
                 forth
                 against
                 them
                 with
                 fifty
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 they
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 Shore
                 to
                 avoid
                 him
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 so
                 close
                 that
                 he
                 threw
                 Grappling-Irons
                 into
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 draw
                 them
                 off
                 from
                 Land
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Sixty
                 Sail
                 had
                 cettainly
                 
                 fallen
                 into
                 his
                 hand
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Rhegians
                 had
                 not
                 with
                 showers
                 of
                 Darts
                 forc'd
                 him
                 from
                 the
                 Shore
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Advantage
                 of
                 a
                 Storm
                 (
                 that
                 then
                 arose
                 )
                 hal'd
                 up
                 
                 the
                 Ships
                 to
                 Land.
                 And
                 thô
                 Dionysius
                 fought
                 very
                 Valiantly
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 lost
                 seven
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 Men
                 on
                 the
                 Rhegian
                 Shore
                 ;
                 and
                 both
                 Ships
                 and
                 Men
                 being
                 thrown
                 upon
                 the
                 Shore
                 by
                 the
                 Storm
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Seamen
                 were
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 by
                 the
                 Citizens
                 .
                 The
                 Tyrant
                 himself
                 flying
                 in
                 a
                 Vessel
                 of
                 Five
                 Oars
                 escaped
                 drowning
                 very
                 narrowly
                 ,
                 and
                 landed
                 at
                 length
                 with
                 much
                 difficulty
                 ,
                 about
                 Midnight
                 at
                 the
                 Port
                 of
                 Messina
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 Winter
                 now
                 drew
                 on
                 ,
                 having
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Lucanians
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 .
                 
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Lucanians
                 made
                 an
                 Incursion
                 into
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 the
                 Thurians
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 they
                 sent
                 forthwith
                 to
                 their
                 Confederates
                 for
                 assistance
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 throughout
                 all
                 Italy
                 had
                 agreed
                 together
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 the
                 Lucanians
                 fell
                 upon
                 any
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 should
                 come
                 into
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 so
                 oppress'd
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 any
                 City
                 should
                 not
                 have
                 their
                 Forces
                 ready
                 to
                 defend
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Chief
                 Commanders
                 should
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 therefore
                 as
                 the
                 Cities
                 had
                 notice
                 by
                 the
                 Posts
                 of
                 the
                 march
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 the
                 Thurians
                 all
                 unanimously
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 the
                 Encounter
                 ,
                 and
                 hastily
                 and
                 unadvisedly
                 in
                 an
                 imprudent
                 Heat
                 ,
                 (
                 not
                 waiting
                 for
                 their
                 Confederates
                 )
                 with
                 above
                 Fourteen
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 march'd
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Lucanians
                 hearing
                 of
                 their
                 approach
                 ,
                 suffer'd
                 them
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 their
                 Country
                 :
                 
                 Upon
                 which
                 they
                 pierc'd
                 into
                 Lucania
                 with
                 great
                 Violence
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 were
                 so
                 successful
                 as
                 that
                 they
                 took
                 a
                 Castle
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 thence
                 much
                 Plunder
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 in
                 truth
                 but
                 as
                 a
                 Bait
                 laid
                 in
                 their
                 way
                 for
                 their
                 Destruction
                 .
                 For
                 while
                 they
                 were
                 puff'd
                 up
                 and
                 grown
                 high-crested
                 with
                 this
                 Success
                 ,
                 they
                 contemned
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 so
                 far
                 as
                 that
                 they
                 daringly
                 ventured
                 through
                 straight
                 and
                 craggy
                 Passages
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 Ambition
                 and
                 Covetousness
                 )
                 eager
                 to
                 possess
                 themselves
                 of
                 a
                 City
                 and
                 Country
                 so
                 bless'd
                 with
                 
                 the
                 Fulness
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 as
                 that
                 was
                 :
                 But
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 Plain
                 surrounded
                 with
                 high
                 and
                 steep
                 Hills
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 the
                 Lucanians
                 coming
                 in
                 with
                 their
                 Forces
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 intercepted
                 all
                 the
                 Passages
                 ,
                 leaving
                 them
                 no
                 hopes
                 of
                 return
                 any
                 ways
                 .
                 And
                 shewing
                 themselves
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 from
                 the
                 tops
                 of
                 the
                 Hills
                 ,
                 the
                 Grecians
                 were
                 struck
                 with
                 great
                 Fear
                 and
                 Terror
                 ,
                 both
                 with
                 the
                 Greatness
                 of
                 their
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Difficulty
                 of
                 the
                 Places
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Lucanians
                 were
                 no
                 fewer
                 than
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 While
                 the
                 Graecians
                 were
                 in
                 this
                 perplexity
                 ,
                 unexpectedly
                 surrounded
                 with
                 
                 insuperable
                 danger
                 ,
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 march'd
                 down
                 into
                 the
                 Plain
                 ,
                 and
                 Battle
                 being
                 join'd
                 '
                 the
                 Italians
                 were
                 over-power'd
                 by
                 multitude
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 of
                 them
                 kill'd
                 upon
                 the
                 spot
                 ;
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 Lucanians
                 gave
                 no
                 Quarter
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 before
                 order'd
                 )
                 the
                 rest
                 fled
                 to
                 a
                 Hill
                 near
                 the
                 Sea
                 side
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 espying
                 some
                 long
                 Ships
                 sailing
                 towards
                 them
                 ,
                 hoping
                 that
                 they
                 came
                 from
                 Rhegium
                 (
                 out
                 of
                 eagerness
                 to
                 save
                 themselves
                 )
                 they
                 leap'd
                 into
                 
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 'em
                 by
                 swimming
                 got
                 to
                 the
                 Ships
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 Fleet
                 proy'd
                 to
                 be
                 Ships
                 sent
                 by
                 Dionysius
                 to
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Lucanians
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Leptines
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 who
                 very
                 generously
                 receiv'd
                 them
                 that
                 swam
                 into
                 his
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 them
                 all
                 on
                 Shoar
                 (
                 being
                 about
                 a
                 Thousand
                 )
                 and
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 the
                 Lucanians
                 to
                 accept
                 a
                 *
                 Mina
                 for
                 every
                 Man
                 for
                 their
                 Ransom
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 engag'd
                 for
                 the
                 payment
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 order'd
                 Matters
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Lucanians
                 and
                 Italians
                 made
                 peace
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 .
                 
              
               
                 From
                 this
                 time
                 Leptines
                 was
                 in
                 great
                 favour
                 and
                 much
                 esteem
                 with
                 the
                 Italians
                 ,
                 having
                 made
                 an
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 more
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 ;
                 who
                 was
                 in
                 hopes
                 that
                 by
                 means
                 of
                 the
                 differences
                 between
                 the
                 Lucanians
                 and
                 the
                 Greeks
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 able
                 with
                 much
                 ease
                 to
                 accomplish
                 his
                 Designs
                 there
                 :
                 but
                 if
                 he
                 should
                 make
                 Peace
                 ,
                 he
                 judg'd
                 his
                 Conquest
                 would
                 be
                 difficult
                 .
                 Therefore
                 he
                 discarded
                 Leptines
                 ,
                 and
                 created
                 Thearides
                 his
                 other
                 Brother
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet.
                 During
                 these
                 Transactions
                 the
                 Romans
                 divided
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Veians
                 ;
                 distributing
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 Four
                 *
                 Plethra
                 of
                 Land
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 others
                 say
                 Eight
                 and
                 Twenty
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 they
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Aequi
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Liflus
                 by
                 Storm
                 .
                 They
                 sent
                 Forces
                 likewise
                 against
                 the
                 *
                 Veliternines
                 who
                 had
                 revolted
                 .
                 Satricum
                 likewise
                 made
                 a
                 Defection
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 Colony
                 was
                 sent
                 forth
                 into
                 *
                 Certium
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 the
                 close
                 of
                 the
                 year
                 Antipater
                 was
                 chosen
                 Chief
                 Governor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Valerius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Aulus
                   Manlius
                
                 were
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 .
                 Now
                 Dionysius
                 King
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 Declar'd
                 openly
                 his
                 Design
                 of
                 a
                 Descent
                 upon
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 loos'd
                 from
                 Syracuse
                 with
                 a
                 numerous
                 Army
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 above
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 a
                 Navy
                 of
                 Forty
                 long
                 Ships
                 ,
                 or
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 besides
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 for
                 carrying
                 of
                 Corn
                 and
                 Provision
                 .
                 He
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Messina
                 the
                 Fifth
                 day
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 refresh'd
                 his
                 Army
                 ;
                 from
                 thence
                 he
                 sent
                 away
                 Thearides
                 his
                 Brother
                 with
                 Forty
                 Sail
                 to
                 the
                 Lipari
                 Islands
                 ,
                 for
                 it
                 was
                 reported
                 that
                 Ten
                 Ships
                 of
                 Rhegium
                 lay
                 there
                 ;
                 Thearides
                 therefore
                 hastning
                 thither
                 found
                 out
                 the
                 Ships
                 in
                 a
                 place
                 fit
                 for
                 his
                 purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 possessing
                 himself
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Men
                 on
                 board
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 return'd
                 to
                 Messina
                 to
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 who
                 deliver'd
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 bound
                 in
                 Chains
                 to
                 the
                 custody
                 of
                 the
                 Messinians
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 Transported
                 his
                 Forces
                 to
                 *
                 Caulonia
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 close
                 Siege
                 to
                 the
                 
                 City
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 batter'd
                 it
                 with
                 his
                 Engines
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Greeks
                 in
                 Italy
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 heard
                 of
                 the
                 Landing
                 of
                 
                 Dionysius's
                 Forces
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 Men
                 and
                 got
                 together
                 an
                 Army
                 from
                 all
                 parts
                 .
                 Crotona
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 was
                 very
                 populous
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 that
                 fled
                 and
                 that
                 were
                 forc'd
                 out
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 inhabited
                 there
                 .
                 The
                 Chief
                 Command
                 and
                 management
                 therefore
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 was
                 committed
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 Heloris
                 the
                 Syracusian
                 was
                 made
                 General
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Forces
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 a
                 valiant
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 concluded
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 faithful
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 hated
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 banish'd
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 muster'd
                 all
                 the
                 Confederate
                 Army
                 at
                 Crotona
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 all
                 things
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 fit
                 ,
                 he
                 hasted
                 away
                 with
                 a
                 swift
                 March
                 towards
                 Caulonia
                 ,
                 hoping
                 by
                 coming
                 upon
                 them
                 suddainly
                 and
                 unexpectedly
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 only
                 raise
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 rout
                 them
                 with
                 ease
                 ,
                 being
                 harass'd
                 and
                 tyr'd
                 out
                 with
                 their
                 continual
                 toil
                 and
                 labour
                 in
                 assaulting
                 the
                 Town
                 .
                 His
                 Army
                 consisted
                 of
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 Having
                 marched
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 way
                 ,
                 he
                 encamp'd
                 at
                 the
                 River
                 Heloris
                 ;
                 thereupon
                 Dionysius
                 drew
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 meet
                 the
                 Italians
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Heloris
                 at
                 the
                 head
                 of
                 Five
                 hundred
                 of
                 the
                 choicest
                 Men
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 march'd
                 before
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 encamping
                 about
                 Forty
                 *
                 Stages
                 from
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 understood
                 by
                 his
                 Spies
                 that
                 the
                 Italians
                 drew
                 near
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 forthwith
                 very
                 early
                 in
                 the
                 Morning
                 ,
                 rouz'd
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 from
                 Sleep
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 them
                 to
                 march
                 forward
                 ,
                 and
                 about
                 break
                 of
                 day
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Helorians
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 in
                 good
                 order
                 of
                 Battle
                 ,
                 giving
                 the
                 Enemy
                 no
                 time
                 to
                 get
                 into
                 a
                 Body
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 Heloris
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 strait
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 those
                 he
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 bore
                 the
                 brunt
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 whole
                 Force
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 he
                 sent
                 away
                 some
                 Friends
                 to
                 the
                 Camp
                 to
                 bring
                 up
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 ,
                 who
                 diligently
                 executed
                 their
                 Orders
                 ;
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Italians
                 hearing
                 in
                 what
                 hazard
                 their
                 General
                 was
                 ,
                 ran
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 hurry
                 to
                 his
                 assistance
                 .
                 But
                 Dionysius
                 with
                 a
                 well-order'd
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 doing
                 execution
                 in
                 every
                 place
                 ,
                 cut
                 off
                 Heloris
                 and
                 almost
                 all
                 his
                 Party
                 ,
                 tho'
                 they
                 fought
                 with
                 great
                 Resolution
                 and
                 Gallantry
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Italians
                 coming
                 in
                 to
                 their
                 help
                 ,
                 but
                 scattering
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 parties
                 ,
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   Sicilians
                
                 (
                 keeping
                 orderly
                 together
                 )
                 easily
                 
                 overcame
                 them
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 the
                 Crecians
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 despis'd
                 danger
                 ,
                 and
                 suffer'd
                 
                 much
                 ,
                 tho'
                 they
                 saw
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 their
                 fellows
                 lie
                 dead
                 upon
                 the
                 spot
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 heard
                 of
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 their
                 General
                 (
                 in
                 great
                 confusion
                 )
                 they
                 trode
                 down
                 and
                 kill'd
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 ,
                 being
                 totally
                 discourag'd
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 heart
                 ,
                 they
                 fled
                 out-right
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 many
                 were
                 kill'd
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 in
                 the
                 fields
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 betook
                 themselves
                 to
                 a
                 Mount
                 sufficiently
                 fortify'd
                 and
                 very
                 defensible
                 ,
                 save
                 that
                 it
                 wanted
                 Water
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 block'd
                 up
                 the
                 place
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 closely
                 guarded
                 it
                 all
                 that
                 day
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 following
                 night
                 :
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Hill
                 (
                 being
                 much
                 incommoded
                 by
                 the
                 heat
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 lack
                 of
                 Water
                 )
                 sent
                 a
                 Trumpet
                 to
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 have
                 liberty
                 to
                 ransom
                 themselves
                 :
                 )
                 Who
                 at
                 length
                 (
                 growing
                 moderate
                 in
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 his
                 good
                 Fortune
                 )
                 sent
                 them
                 word
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 lay
                 down
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 surrender
                 themselves
                 upon
                 discretion
                 .
                 Upon
                 return
                 of
                 these
                 harsh
                 and
                 hard
                 Terms
                 ,
                 they
                 held
                 out
                 longer
                 for
                 some
                 short
                 time
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 grievously
                 press'd
                 by
                 the
                 necessity
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 Starv'd
                 ,
                 they
                 surrendred
                 themselves
                 about
                 the
                 Eight
                 Hour
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 hereupon
                 numbred
                 them
                 as
                 they
                 came
                 down
                 ,
                 by
                 striking
                 the
                 ground
                 with
                 a
                 Staff
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 amounted
                 to
                 above
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 .
                 They
                 were
                 all
                 afraid
                 he
                 would
                 have
                 been
                 as
                 cruel
                 as
                 a
                 wild
                 
                 Beast
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 then
                 approv'd
                 himself
                 the
                 mildest
                 of
                 all
                 Men
                 living
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 discharg'd
                 all
                 the
                 prisoners
                 without
                 Ransom
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 suffer'd
                 the
                 Cities
                 to
                 Govern
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 great
                 Grace
                 and
                 Favour
                 he
                 was
                 highly
                 Honour'd
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Name
                 was
                 so
                 great
                 that
                 they
                 presented
                 him
                 with
                 Golden
                 Crowns
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 worthy
                 Action
                 that
                 ever
                 he
                 did
                 almost
                 throughout
                 his
                 whole
                 Life
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 hence
                 he
                 march'd
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 against
                 Rhegium
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 besiege
                 it
                 .
                 
                 to
                 be
                 reveng'd
                 for
                 their
                 slight
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 in
                 denying
                 him
                 a
                 Wise
                 from
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 Rhegians
                 were
                 greatly
                 terrify'd
                 at
                 his
                 approach
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 had
                 neither
                 Confederates
                 nor
                 Forces
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 sufficient
                 to
                 cope
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 besides
                 ,
                 they
                 foresaw
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 Mercy
                 to
                 be
                 expected
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 City
                 were
                 taken
                 :
                 Therefore
                 they
                 sent
                 an
                 Ambassador
                 
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 intreat
                 him
                 to
                 shew
                 them
                 Favour
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 use
                 them
                 like
                 Men.
                 Upon
                 which
                 he
                 demanded
                 a
                 Tribute
                 of
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 deliver
                 into
                 his
                 hands
                 all
                 their
                 Fleet
                 (
                 which
                 were
                 Seventy
                 in
                 number
                 )
                 and
                 send
                 out
                 to
                 him
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Hostages
                 ,
                 all
                 which
                 terms
                 were
                 agreed
                 unto
                 .
              
               
                 Whereupon
                 he
                 mov'd
                 towards
                 Caulonia
                 ,
                 and
                 transported
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 that
                 place
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 incorporated
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 granted
                 to
                 them
                 freedom
                 from
                 the
                 publick
                 Taxes
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Five
                 Years
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 Caulonia
                 it self
                 ,
                 he
                 raz'd
                 it
                 to
                 
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 but
                 gave
                 the
                 Territory
                 to
                 the
                 Locrians
                 .
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 (
                 after
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 Lifaeca
                 from
                 the
                 
                   Aequi
                   ,
                
                 )
                 celebrated
                 the
                 stately
                 Plays
                 which
                 the
                 Consuls
                 had
                 vow'd
                 to
                 Jupiter
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 year
                 ,
                 Pyrrhio
                 executed
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Lord
                 Chancelor
                 of
                 Athens
                 
                 the
                 next
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 
                   Lucius
                   Lucretius
                   ,
                   Servius
                   Sulpitius
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Aemilius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Rufus
                
                 ,
                 were
                 invested
                 with
                 the
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 Then
                 was
                 acted
                 the
                 Ninety
                 eighth
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Sosippus
                 the
                 Athenian
                 carry'd
                 away
                 the
                 Prize
                 .
                 About
                 
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Dionysius
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 entred
                 *
                 Hipponium
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 Transported
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 raz'd
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 the
                 Lands
                 to
                 the
                 Locreans
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 always
                 very
                 desirous
                 to
                 oblige
                 them
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 so
                 readily
                 comply'd
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 business
                 of
                 his
                 Marriage
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 he
                 studied
                 Revenge
                 upon
                 the
                 Rhegians
                 for
                 their
                 denial
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 he
                 sent
                 an
                 Ambassador
                 to
                 them
                 to
                 Treat
                 with
                 them
                 to
                 send
                 him
                 a
                 Virgin
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Citizens
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Wife
                 :
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 the
                 Rhegians
                 answer'd
                 his
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 have
                 none
                 from
                 them
                 except
                 it
                 were
                 the
                 
                   Hangman's
                   Daughter
                
                 .
                 Being
                 highly
                 incens'd
                 at
                 this
                 gross
                 abuse
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 took
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 ,
                 )
                 he
                 continually
                 studied
                 how
                 to
                 be
                 reveng'd
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 made
                 not
                 peace
                 with
                 
                 them
                 the
                 year
                 before
                 out
                 of
                 any
                 design
                 of
                 Kindness
                 or
                 Friendship
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 desire
                 he
                 had
                 to
                 possess
                 himself
                 of
                 their
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Seventy
                 Sail.
                 For
                 he
                 knew
                 he
                 could
                 easily
                 take
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 could
                 have
                 no
                 aid
                 or
                 assistance
                 by
                 Sea.
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 he
                 made
                 several
                 Halts
                 ,
                 and
                 delayd
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 he
                 could
                 his
                 drawing
                 his
                 Forces
                 out
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 waiting
                 for
                 some
                 colourable
                 pretence
                 or
                 occasion
                 to
                 break
                 his
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Rhegians
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 refleicton
                 upon
                 his
                 Honour
                 .
                 Drawing
                 therefore
                 his
                 Forces
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 side
                 ,
                 he
                 prepares
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 his
                 passage
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 desires
                 that
                 the
                 Rhegians
                 wou'd
                 furnish
                 him
                 with
                 Provision
                 for
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 would
                 send
                 them
                 as
                 much
                 back
                 again
                 from
                 Syracuse
                 .
                 His
                 design
                 in
                 this
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 refus'd
                 to
                 supply
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 thought
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 a
                 just
                 ground
                 to
                 raze
                 their
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 readily
                 answer'd
                 his
                 Request
                 ,
                 then
                 ,
                 after
                 their
                 Corn
                 and
                 Provision
                 was
                 spent
                 (
                 upon
                 laying
                 Siege
                 to
                 the
                 Town
                 )
                 he
                 might
                 with
                 more
                 ease
                 (
                 through
                 their
                 scarcity
                 of
                 Food
                 )
                 possess
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 
                 place
                 .
                 The
                 Rhegians
                 ,
                 not
                 suspecting
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 for
                 some
                 few
                 days
                 furnish'd
                 him
                 liberally
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 delaid
                 and
                 trifled
                 away
                 the
                 time
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 pretending
                 himself
                 sick
                 ,
                 other
                 times
                 framing
                 other
                 excuses
                 ;
                 they
                 at
                 length
                 smelt
                 his
                 design
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 forbore
                 sending
                 any
                 further
                 Provision
                 to
                 his
                 Camp.
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 seeming
                 to
                 be
                 much
                 enrag'd
                 at
                 this
                 affront
                 ,
                 return'd
                 to
                 them
                 all
                 the
                 Hostages
                 ,
                 and
                 beg
                 〈…〉
                 ing
                 the
                 Town
                 round
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 assaulted
                 it
                 every
                 day
                 ;
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Engines
                 (
                 of
                 an
                 incredible
                 bigness
                 )
                 so
                 batter'd
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 shaken
                 by
                 a
                 Storm
                 and
                 Tempest
                 ,
                 so
                 earnest
                 was
                 he
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 Rhegians
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 (
                 having
                 made
                 
                 Phile
                 their
                 General
                 )
                 order'd
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 of
                 Age
                 and
                 Strength
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 keep
                 strict
                 Guards
                 ;
                 and
                 spying
                 a
                 fit
                 opportunity
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 vigorous
                 Sally
                 ;
                 and
                 burnt
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Engines
                 ;
                 and
                 often
                 skirmish'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 with
                 that
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 Resolution
                 (
                 to
                 the
                 exasperating
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 )
                 that
                 they
                 both
                 lost
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 no
                 few
                 of
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 :
                 Nay
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 himself
                 was
                 so
                 wounded
                 with
                 a
                 Lance
                 
                 about
                 the
                 Privy
                 Parts
                 ,
                 *
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 very
                 near
                 losing
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 it
                 being
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 before
                 he
                 recover'd
                 .
                 Notwithstanding
                 ,
                 tho'
                 the
                 Siege
                 was
                 tedious
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Rhegians
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 defend
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 imploy'd
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 in
                 continual
                 Assaults
                 ,
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 receding
                 from
                 his
                 former
                 design
                 and
                 purpose
                 .
                 The
                 Olympick
                 Games
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 drawing
                 on
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 to
                 that
                 Solemnity
                 many
                 Chariots
                 drawn
                 with
                 Four
                 Horses
                 apiece
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 exceeding
                 swift
                 ;
                 and
                 likewise
                 Tents
                 glistering
                 with
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 rich
                 and
                 various
                 Embroideries
                 of
                 admirable
                 Workmanship
                 ;
                 and
                 with
                 these
                 he
                 sent
                 likewise
                 the
                 most
                 skilful
                 Singers
                 to
                 advance
                 his
                 own
                 praise
                 by
                 the
                 reciting
                 of
                 Poems
                 compos'd
                 by
                 himself
                 ;
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 (
                 even
                 to
                 madness
                 )
                 given
                 to
                 Poetry
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 committed
                 the
                 care
                 and
                 oversight
                 of
                 all
                 these
                 things
                 to
                 his
                 Brother
                 Thearides
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 ground
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 the
                 Chariots
                 ,
                 and
                 richness
                 and
                 splendor
                 of
                 the
                 Tents
                 and
                 Pavilions
                 )
                 attracted
                 the
                 Eyes
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Beholders
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 the
                 Singers
                 began
                 to
                 recite
                 the
                 Poems
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 at
                 first
                 ran
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 greatly
                 admir'd
                 the
                 sweet
                 and
                 pleasant
                 Airs
                 of
                 *
                 the
                 Stage-Players
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 perceiv'd
                 how
                 bad
                 and
                 Ballad
                 like
                 the
                 the
                 Verses
                 were
                 ,
                 they
                 ridicul'd
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 and
                 despis'd
                 him
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 rist'd
                 the
                 Tents
                 .
                 Lystas
                 likewise
                 the
                 Orator
                 then
                 at
                 Olympid
                 ,
                 advis'd
                 the
                 People
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 not
                 admit
                 any
                 of
                 those
                 Procurators
                 sent
                 by
                 so
                 wicked
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 to
                 have
                 any
                 thing
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 those
                 Sacred
                 Sports
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 time
                 he
                 made
                 the
                 Speech
                 styl'd
                 by
                 him
                 
                   The
                   Olympick
                   Oration
                
                 .
                 And
                 how
                 the
                 Race
                 began
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 so
                 happen'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Chariots
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 were
                 some
                 of
                 'em
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Line
                 ,
                 others
                 were
                 broken
                 in
                 pieces
                 by
                 dashing
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 .
                 Neither
                 did
                 the
                 Ship
                 prosper
                 better
                 which
                 convey'd
                 the
                 Procurators
                 :
                 For
                 in
                 their
                 return
                 from
                 the
                 Games
                 to
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 by
                 violence
                 of
                 a
                 Tempest
                 to
                 Tarentum
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 in
                 Italy
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 is
                 reported
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 they
                 spread
                 it
                 abroad
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   the
                   badness
                   of
                
                 Dionysius's
                 
                   Verses
                   had
                   not
                   only
                   disgrac'd
                   the
                   Singers
                   ,
                   but
                   prejudic'd
                   both
                   the
                   Chariots
                   and
                   the
                   Ship.
                
                 However
                 ,
                 tho'
                 he
                 knew
                 that
                 his
                 Verses
                 were
                 hiss'd
                 at
                 ,
                 yet
                 still
                 he
                 addicted
                 himself
                 to
                 Poetry
                 ,
                 being
                 told
                 by
                 his
                 Flatterers
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 thrt
                 envy'd
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 was
                 Noble
                 and
                 Brave
                 ,
                 would
                 at
                 length
                 admire
                 what
                 they
                 then
                 despis'd
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 the
                 Romans
                 slew
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Volsci
                 in
                 the
                 Battel
                 at
                 Gurasum
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XIII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Peace
                   of
                   Antalcidas
                   .
                   The
                   War
                   by
                   the
                   Persians
                   against
                   Evagoras
                   in
                   Cyprus
                   The
                   miserable
                   Condition
                   of
                   Rhegium
                   :
                   It
                   's
                   Surrender'd
                   .
                   The
                   cruel
                   usage
                   of
                   Philo
                   the
                   Governor
                   of
                   Rhegium
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   his
                   Son.
                   The
                   Expedition
                   of
                   the
                   Galls
                   against
                   Italy
                   .
                   The
                   Romans
                   routed
                   by
                   the
                   Galls
                   at
                   the
                   River
                   Allia
                   .
                   Rome
                   taken
                   by
                   the
                   
                   Galls
                   .
                   The
                   Romans
                   Besieg'd
                   in
                   the
                   Capitol
                   .
                   The
                   Volsci
                   Revolt
                   from
                   the
                   Romans
                   .
                   The
                   Galls
                   routed
                   by
                   
                     Marcus
                     Furius
                  
                   in
                   their
                   return
                   .
                   All
                   cut
                   off
                   afterwards
                   in
                   the
                   Plains
                   of
                   Trausium
                   .
                
              
               
                 WIth
                 these
                 Actions
                 the
                 year
                 ended
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 Theodotus
                 was
                 made
                 Chief
                 Magistrate
                 
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 Six
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 executed
                 the
                 Consular
                 Authority
                 at
                 
                   Rome
                   :
                   Quintus
                   Caesus
                   ,
                   Sulpitius
                   Aenos
                   ,
                   Caesus
                   Fabius
                   ,
                   Quintus
                   Cervilius
                
                 *
                 
                   Publius
                   Cornelius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 *
                 
                   Marcus
                   Claudius
                
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 tir'd
                 out
                 with
                 the
                 War
                 both
                 against
                 the
                 Greeks
                 and
                 Persians
                 ,
                 order'd
                 their
                 Admiral
                 Antalcidas
                 to
                 go
                 to
                 Artaxerxes
                 to
                 strike
                 up
                 a
                 Peace
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 deliver'd
                 his
                 Ambassage
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 he
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 
                 make
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 upon
                 condition
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 in
                 Asia
                 should
                 return
                 to
                 their
                 Obedience
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 should
                 all
                 Govern
                 their
                 Cities
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 if
                 any
                 should
                 stand
                 out
                 and
                 not
                 submit
                 to
                 these
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 lawful
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 them
                 that
                 did
                 agree
                 .
                 These
                 Terms
                 were
                 allow'd
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 rested
                 from
                 War.
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 others
                 were
                 much
                 vex'd
                 ,
                 and
                 highly
                 concern'd
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Asia
                 thus
                 betray'd
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 contend
                 with
                 Persia
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 strength
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 embrace
                 Peace
                 upon
                 the
                 same
                 Terms
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 King
                 being
                 free
                 from
                 the
                 long
                 and
                 tedious
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ;
                 he
                 prepar'd
                 and
                 made
                 ready
                 an
                 Army
                 for
                 the
                 Cyprian
                 War.
                 For
                 Evagoras
                 had
                 rais'd
                 a
                 vast
                 
                 Army
                 almost
                 throughout
                 all
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 taking
                 advantage
                 of
                 Artaxerxes
                 his
                 being
                 engag'd
                 in
                 a
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Greeks
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Dionysius
                 having
                 continu'd
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Rhegium
                 now
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Eleven
                 Months
                 ,
                 and
                 obstructed
                 all
                 ways
                 and
                 means
                 of
                 Relief
                 ,
                 he
                 brought
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 extremity
                 ,
                 through
                 want
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 ,
                 For
                 it
                 's
                 reported
                 that
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 a
                 Bushel
                 of
                 Wheat
                 was
                 sold
                 for
                 Five
                 *
                 Minas
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 Famine
                 was
                 so
                 great
                 that
                 they
                 first
                 eat
                 up
                 their
                 Horses
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 all
                 other
                 Beasts
                 of
                 Burden
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 fed
                 upon
                 boild
                 Skins
                 and
                 Leather
                 .
                 And
                 at
                 the
                 last
                 they
                 came
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 like
                 Cattle
                 began
                 to
                 eat
                 the
                 Grass
                 that
                 grew
                 under
                 the
                 Walls
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 to
                 supply
                 Nature
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 feed
                 upon
                 those
                 things
                 proper
                 to
                 the
                 Beasts
                 of
                 the
                 Field
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Man's
                 ordinary
                 Food
                 .
                 When
                 Dionysius
                 heard
                 what
                 the
                 Rhegians
                 did
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 commiserating
                 them
                 who
                 were
                 sunk
                 in
                 Misery
                 ,
                 below
                 the
                 common
                 condition
                 of
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 added
                 to
                 their
                 Affliction
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 in
                 his
                 Carriage
                 Horses
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Draught
                 Cattle
                 to
                 Graze
                 there
                 where
                 they
                 us'd
                 to
                 feed
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 eat
                 up
                 all
                 that
                 poor
                 Provision
                 which
                 
                 was
                 only
                 left
                 for
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Citizens
                 being
                 thus
                 overcome
                 by
                 extream
                 Famine
                 (
                 no
                 longer
                 to
                 be
                 born
                 )
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 themselves
                 and
                 their
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 Tyrant's
                 Mercy
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 entred
                 he
                 found
                 heaps
                 of
                 Carkasses
                 lying
                 in
                 the
                 Streets
                 who
                 perish'd
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Bread
                 :
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 alive
                 were
                 like
                 walking
                 Ghosts
                 ,
                 lean
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 pin'd
                 away
                 by
                 Famine
                 :
                 However
                 ,
                 he
                 got
                 together
                 above
                 Six
                 thousand
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 them
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 ,
                 that
                 whoever
                 paid
                 a
                 Mina
                 might
                 be
                 redeem'd
                 :
                 and
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 ,
                 he
                 sold
                 them
                 all
                 for
                 Slaves
                 .
                 Phyto
                 the
                 Governour
                 he
                 
                 bound
                 in
                 Chains
                 ,
                 and
                 caus'd
                 his
                 Son
                 to
                 be
                 hurl'd
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 fastned
                 Phyto
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 highest
                 Engines
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 severity
                 of
                 his
                 punishment
                 might
                 be
                 taken
                 notice
                 of
                 by
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Guard
                 to
                 tell
                 him
                 that
                 his
                 Son
                 was
                 drown'd
                 the
                 day
                 before
                 ;
                 to
                 whom
                 Phito
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Son
                 was
                 by
                 one
                 day
                 more
                 happy
                 than
                 his
                 Father
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 he
                 order'd
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 whip'd
                 through
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 scoff'd
                 and
                 scorn'd
                 ,
                 and
                 undergo
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Cruelty
                 ;
                 A
                 Cryer
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 making
                 Proclamation
                 ;
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Raseal
                   was
                   so
                   severely
                   dealt
                   with
                   ,
                   because
                   he
                   stirr'd
                   up
                   the
                   City
                   to
                   the
                   War.
                
                 But
                 Phito
                 (
                 who
                 had
                 all
                 along
                 thro
                 the
                 Siege
                 approv'd
                 himself
                 a
                 valiant
                 Commander
                 ,
                 and
                 during
                 
                 his
                 whole
                 Life
                 was
                 Esteem'd
                 and
                 Honour'd
                 )
                 was
                 not
                 then
                 the
                 least
                 discourag'd
                 at
                 Death
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 an
                 undaunted
                 Courage
                 cry'd
                 out
                 
                   That
                   he
                   thus
                   suffer'd
                   because
                   he
                   would
                   not
                   betray
                   the
                   City
                   to
                
                 Dionysius
                 ;
                 However
                 ,
                 God
                 would
                 revenge
                 him
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 .
                 This
                 admirable
                 Courage
                 and
                 brave
                 Spirit
                 of
                 the
                 Man
                 began
                 to
                 work
                 compassion
                 in
                 some
                 of
                 
                 Dionysius's
                 Soldiers
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 began
                 to
                 murmur
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 (
                 being
                 afraid
                 lest
                 Phito
                 should
                 be
                 rescu'd
                 )
                 left
                 off
                 tormenting
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 the
                 miserable
                 Man
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Kindred
                 to
                 be
                 drown'd
                 in
                 the
                 Sea.
                 Thus
                 suffer'd
                 this
                 worthy
                 Man
                 ,
                 who
                 deserv'd
                 much
                 better
                 than
                 to
                 undergo
                 so
                 heavy
                 and
                 dreadful
                 a
                 punishment
                 .
                 And
                 many
                 Grecians
                 there
                 were
                 who
                 griev'd
                 for
                 his
                 sad
                 misfortune
                 ,
                 and
                 several
                 Poets
                 in
                 after
                 times
                 made
                 Elegies
                 upon
                 his
                 mournful
                 and
                 lamentable
                 end
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 when
                 Dionysius
                 lay
                 at
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Rhegium
                 ,
                 the
                 Gauls
                 who
                 lay
                 beyond
                 the
                 Alps
                 pass'd
                 over
                 those
                 straits
                 with
                 a
                 numerous
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 possest
                 themselves
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Country
                 lying
                 between
                 the
                 
                   Apenine
                   Hills
                
                 and
                 the
                 Alps
                 ,
                 driving
                 thence
                 the
                 Tyrrhenians
                 
                 the
                 natural
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 Some
                 say
                 they
                 were
                 Colonies
                 sent
                 thither
                 from
                 Twelve
                 Cities
                 in
                 *
                 Tyrrhenia
                 ;
                 Others
                 say
                 they
                 were
                 Pelasgians
                 ,
                 who
                 before
                 the
                 Trojan
                 War
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 Thessaly
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 
                 Deucalion's
                 Flood
                 ,
                 and
                 setled
                 themselves
                 in
                 these
                 parts
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Gauls
                 they
                 were
                 a
                 People
                 that
                 were
                 divided
                 into
                 several
                 Tribes
                 ,
                 and
                 dwelt
                 in
                 several
                 Countries
                 .
                 Those
                 call'd
                 the
                 Senones
                 inhabited
                 the
                 Mountain
                 furthest
                 from
                 the
                 Sea
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 and
                 because
                 the
                 Heat
                 was
                 excessive
                 and
                 troublesome
                 to
                 
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 seek
                 for
                 themselves
                 some
                 more
                 commodious
                 Habitations
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 they
                 sent
                 forth
                 the
                 ablest
                 of
                 their
                 young
                 Men
                 well
                 Arm'd
                 ,
                 to
                 find
                 out
                 some
                 other
                 Seats
                 ,
                 who
                 making
                 an
                 irruption
                 into
                 *
                 Tyrrhenia
                 with
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 the
                 Caulonians
                 .
              
               
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Romans
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 into
                 Tyrrhenia
                 to
                 gain
                 intelligence
                 what
                 this
                 Expedition
                 of
                 the
                 Gauls
                 meant
                 :
                 Who
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 Clusium
                 ,
                 and
                 saw
                 the
                 Armies
                 
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 drawn
                 up
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ready
                 to
                 engage
                 ,
                 with
                 more
                 Valour
                 than
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 they
                 join'd
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 Clusium
                 ,
                 and
                 sought
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 And
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 by
                 good
                 fortune
                 kill'd
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Noblest
                 Commanders
                 of
                 the
                 Gauls
                 ;
                 who
                 when
                 they
                 heard
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Rome
                 ,
                 to
                 require
                 the
                 Ambassador
                 who
                 had
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Gaul
                 to
                 be
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 that
                 had
                 begun
                 an
                 unjust
                 War.
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Senate
                 would
                 have
                 persuaded
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 have
                 accepted
                 Money
                 in
                 satisfaction
                 of
                 the
                 injury
                 ;
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 refusd
                 it
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 Decreed
                 that
                 the
                 Person
                 should
                 be
                 deliver'd
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Father
                 of
                 him
                 who
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 given
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Enemies
                 hands
                 (
                 being
                 then
                 of
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 likewise
                 very
                 rich
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 great
                 Interest
                 and
                 Account
                 with
                 the
                 Commonalty
                 )
                 referr'd
                 the
                 decision
                 of
                 the
                 matter
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 easily
                 procur'd
                 the
                 Judgment
                 and
                 Decree
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 to
                 be
                 repeal'd
                 .
                 From
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 People
                 began
                 to
                 rescind
                 the
                 Decrees
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 tho'
                 ever
                 before
                 they
                 always
                 submitted
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 of
                 the
                 Gauls
                 return'd
                 to
                 their
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 Declar'd
                 what
                 Answer
                 was
                 given
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 Romans
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Rage
                 ,
                 and
                 increas'd
                 their
                 Army
                 with
                 new
                 rais'd
                 Forces
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 march'd
                 towards
                 Rome
                 with
                 above
                 Seventy
                 thousand
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 news
                 came
                 to
                 Rome
                 ,
                 the
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 commanded
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 Arms
                 ,
                 to
                 List
                 themselves
                 ,
                 who
                 marching
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 pass'd
                 over
                 Tyber
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Forces
                 unto
                 a
                 *
                 River
                 Fourscore
                 Furlongs
                 from
                 Rome
                 ;
                 where
                 when
                 they
                 understood
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 drew
                 up
                 their
                 Army
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 ;
                 Their
                 best
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Four
                 and
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 ,
                 they
                 posted
                 all
                 along
                 from
                 the
                 River
                 to
                 the
                 Hills
                 adjoining
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 were
                 plac'd
                 upon
                 the
                 rising
                 Grounds
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 the
                 Enemy
                 out
                 winging
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 their
                 strongest
                 and
                 ablest
                 Soldiers
                 (
                 whether
                 on
                 purpose
                 or
                 by
                 chance
                 is
                 uncertain
                 )
                 fronted
                 those
                 weaker
                 and
                 unexperienc'd
                 Soldiers
                 on
                 the
                 Hills
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Trumpets
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 sounded
                 a
                 Charge
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Armies
                 ran
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 shout
                 .
                 And
                 those
                 Gauls
                 that
                 set
                 upon
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 upon
                 the
                 Hills
                 ,
                 presently
                 clear'd
                 the
                 place
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 fled
                 in
                 great
                 confusion
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Men
                 into
                 the
                 Plain
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 by
                 their
                 flight
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 hot
                 pursuit
                 of
                 the
                 Gauls
                 ,
                 they
                 broke
                 and
                 disorder'd
                 their
                 own
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 them
                 likewise
                 to
                 the
                 Run
                 .
                 And
                 while
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 great
                 precipitation
                 
                 and
                 confusion
                 ,
                 trode
                 down
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 the
                 Enemy
                 without
                 intermission
                 kill'd
                 all
                 still
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Rear
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Field
                 was
                 cover'd
                 with
                 dead
                 Bodies
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 stoutest
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 swam
                 over
                 with
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 prizing
                 them
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 their
                 Lives
                 :
                 But
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 the
                 Stream
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 their
                 Arms
                 )
                 were
                 drown'd
                 .
                 Some
                 with
                 great
                 difficulty
                 (
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 fled
                 a
                 long
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 by
                 paths
                 ,
                 with
                 much
                 a
                 do
                 )
                 escap'd
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 many
                 (
                 still
                 pursu'd
                 close
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 who
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 slaughter
                 among
                 them
                 upon
                 the
                 Bank
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 )
                 threw
                 away
                 their
                 Arms
                 and
                 swam
                 over
                 Tiber.
                 And
                 tho'
                 the
                 Gauls
                 had
                 cut
                 off
                 so
                 many
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 yet
                 such
                 was
                 their
                 continu'd
                 Rage
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 cast
                 their
                 Darts
                 and
                 Javelins
                 after
                 them
                 that
                 took
                 the
                 Water
                 .
                 And
                 many
                 Darts
                 being
                 
                 hurl'd
                 amongst
                 shoals
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 swimming
                 ,
                 no
                 small
                 execution
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 some
                 were
                 kill'd
                 forthwith
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 so
                 wounded
                 ,
                 that
                 through
                 loss
                 of
                 Blood
                 ,
                 and
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 Current
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 spent
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 by
                 the
                 Stream
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 greatest
                 number
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 escap'd
                 from
                 this
                 sad
                 Overthrow
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 took
                 into
                 Ve●●
                 lately
                 ruin'd
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 fortifying
                 the
                 Place
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 they
                 could
                 ,
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 rest
                 that
                 fled
                 thither
                 .
                 Those
                 few
                 who
                 swam
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 unarm'd
                 into
                 Rome
                 ,
                 related
                 how
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 was
                 destroy'd
                 ,
                 which
                 sad
                 News
                 greatly
                 amaz'd
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Strength
                 and
                 Flower
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 being
                 now
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 they
                 look'd
                 upon
                 themselves
                 unable
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 to
                 resist
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 
                 to
                 aggravate
                 their
                 Misery
                 ,
                 it
                 seem'd
                 to
                 them
                 impossible
                 to
                 fly
                 with
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 greatest
                 Hazard
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 the
                 Enemy
                 being
                 so
                 near
                 :
                 Therefore
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 ordinary
                 sort
                 remov'd
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Families
                 to
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Towns
                 and
                 Villages
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 City-Magistrates
                 encouraging
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 order'd
                 that
                 Victuals
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Necessaries
                 should
                 be
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 Capitol
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 ,
                 both
                 the
                 Castle
                 and
                 Capitol
                 was
                 fill'd
                 not
                 only
                 with
                 Meat
                 and
                 Provision
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 Silver
                 and
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 rich
                 Garments
                 and
                 Attire
                 ,
                 Goods
                 of
                 all
                 kinds
                 throughout
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 being
                 heap'd
                 together
                 in
                 this
                 one
                 Place
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 had
                 but
                 three
                 Days
                 time
                 to
                 remove
                 what
                 was
                 moveable
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 fortifie
                 the
                 Place
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Gauls
                 spent
                 the
                 first
                 Day
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Custom
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 )
                 in
                 cutting
                 off
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 those
                 
                 that
                 were
                 slain
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 two
                 Days
                 they
                 lay
                 quiet
                 in
                 their
                 Camp
                 ,
                 now
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 they
                 discern'd
                 that
                 the
                 Walls
                 were
                 left
                 bare
                 and
                 undefended
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 heard
                 a
                 confus'd
                 Noise
                 (
                 occasion'd
                 by
                 the
                 bringing
                 in
                 of
                 Houshold-Goods
                 and
                 other
                 Things
                 useful
                 into
                 the
                 Capitol
                 )
                 they
                 suspected
                 some
                 Stratagem
                 was
                 designing
                 against
                 
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 fourth
                 Day
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 understand
                 the
                 Truth
                 ,
                 they
                 broke
                 down
                 the
                 Gates
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 all
                 the
                 City
                 in
                 rubbish
                 ,
                 except
                 a
                 few
                 Houses
                 upon
                 Mount
                 Pallatine
                 :
                 And
                 tho'
                 afterwards
                 they
                 press'd
                 upon
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Capitol
                 with
                 continual
                 Assaults
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 within
                 suffer'd
                 little
                 by
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Gauls
                 perish'd
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 they
                 stuck
                 
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 hoping
                 tho'
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 gain
                 the
                 Place
                 by
                 force
                 ,
                 yet
                 at
                 least
                 in
                 time
                 ,
                 when
                 all
                 the
                 Provision
                 and
                 Victuals
                 was
                 spent
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 possess
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 Fort.
                 
              
               
                 While
                 the
                 Roman
                 Affairs
                 were
                 thus
                 perplex'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Tuscans
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 made
                 an
                 Incursion
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 into
                 their
                 Territories
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 all
                 before
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 got
                 many
                 Prisoners
                 and
                 much
                 Spoil
                 and
                 Plunder
                 into
                 their
                 hands
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 that
                 had
                 fled
                 to
                 Veii
                 set
                 upon
                 them
                 on
                 the
                 sudden
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 them
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 only
                 recover'd
                 all
                 the
                 Spoil
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 all
                 their
                 Tents
                 :
                 And
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 they
                 arm'd
                 
                 their
                 Fellow-Soldiers
                 ,
                 who
                 hitherto
                 were
                 unarm'd
                 since
                 the
                 late
                 Defeat
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 Company
                 of
                 Country-Fellows
                 from
                 several
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 arm'd
                 them
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 had
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 raise
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 the
                 Capitol
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 most
                 perplex'd
                 and
                 concern'd
                 how
                 to
                 give
                 notice
                 of
                 their
                 Purpose
                 to
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Gauls
                 so
                 straitly
                 block'd
                 it
                 up
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 one
                 
                   Pontius
                   Caminius
                
                 undertook
                 to
                 get
                 into
                 the
                 Capitol
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 end
                 he
                 pass'd
                 on
                 himself
                 alone
                 ,
                 and
                 privately
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 swam
                 over
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 and
                 ascending
                 a
                 steep
                 Rock
                 of
                 the
                 Capitol
                 with
                 great
                 difficulty
                 ,
                 drew
                 himself
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 ,
                 and
                 acquainted
                 them
                 that
                 they
                 of
                 Veii
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 intended
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Gauls
                 upon
                 the
                 first
                 Opportunity
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 deliver'd
                 his
                 Message
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 to
                 Veii
                 the
                 same
                 way
                 he
                 came
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 Gauls
                 perceiv'd
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Impressions
                 of
                 a
                 Man's
                 Feet
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 Person
                 had
                 lately
                 pass'd
                 that
                 way
                 into
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 they
                 determin'd
                 to
                 attempt
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 Entry
                 by
                 climbing
                 the
                 Rock
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 :
                 And
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 about
                 midnight
                 (
                 the
                 Guards
                 being
                 careless
                 ,
                 trusting
                 to
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 )
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Gauls
                 got
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 not
                 taken
                 notice
                 of
                 by
                 the
                 Watch
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Geese
                 ,
                 dedicated
                 to
                 Juno
                 ,
                 that
                 fed
                 there
                 (
                 seeing
                 them
                 appear
                 
                 above
                 the
                 Walls
                 )
                 presently
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 gagling
                 and
                 noise
                 ,
                 which
                 so
                 alarm'd
                 the
                 Watch
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 all
                 ran
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Gauls
                 now
                 betray'd
                 and
                 afrighted
                 ,
                 durst
                 not
                 proceed
                 any
                 further
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 that
                 famous
                 Man
                 
                   Marcus
                   Manlius
                
                 hasting
                 to
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 Hand
                 of
                 a
                 Gaul
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 raising
                 himself
                 to
                 recover
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 
                 a
                 thrust
                 in
                 his
                 Breast
                 with
                 the
                 Boss
                 of
                 his
                 Buckler
                 ,
                 cast
                 him
                 down
                 headlong
                 from
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 ;
                 and
                 another
                 being
                 destroy'd
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 in
                 all
                 haste
                 retir'd
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 the
                 Rock
                 was
                 very
                 steep
                 (
                 being
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 terror
                 and
                 amazement
                 )
                 they
                 all
                 miserably
                 perish'd
                 .
                 The
                 Romans
                 hereupon
                 sending
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 'em
                 to
                 treat
                 upon
                 Terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 obtain'd
                 it
                 upon
                 these
                 Conditions
                 :
                 That
                 upon
                 receiving
                 a
                 Thousand
                 pound
                 weight
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 leave
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 depart
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Territories
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Houses
                 were
                 destroy'd
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 gave
                 leave
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 that
                 would
                 to
                 build
                 ,
                 and
                 roof'd
                 and
                 cover'd
                 all
                 the
                 Houses
                 at
                 the
                 Publick
                 Charge
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 therefore
                 ever
                 after
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 call'd
                 the
                 Publick
                 Houses
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 every
                 Man
                 built
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Humour
                 where
                 he
                 pleas'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Streets
                 were
                 made
                 very
                 narrow
                 and
                 crooked
                 ,
                 which
                 (
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 Riches
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 )
                 in
                 succeeding
                 Times
                 could
                 never
                 be
                 reform'd
                 .
                 Some
                 have
                 reported
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Roman
                 Matrons
                 gave
                 all
                 their
                 golden
                 Ornaments
                 for
                 the
                 redeeming
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 this
                 Honour
                 allow'd
                 them
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 may
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 be
                 carry'd
                 in
                 Chariots
                 through
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Romans
                 being
                 thus
                 impoverish'd
                 and
                 brought
                 low
                 by
                 the
                 late
                 Calamity
                 ,
                 the
                 Volsci
                 took
                 the
                 advantage
                 ,
                 and
                 rais'd
                 Arms
                 against
                 them
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Consular
                 Tribunes
                 got
                 their
                 Forces
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 out
                 into
                 the
                 
                   Campus
                   Martius
                
                 (
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 call'd
                 )
                 and
                 encamp'd
                 about
                 *
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Stages
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 Volsci
                 far
                 exceeded
                 the
                 Romans
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 upon
                 their
                 Camp
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 much
                 concern'd
                 for
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 made
                 
                   Marcus
                   Furius
                
                 Dictator
                 ,
                 who
                 ordered
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 Arms
                 ,
                 with
                 whom
                 he
                 march'd
                 out
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 upon
                 the
                 backs
                 of
                 the
                 Volsci
                 (
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 very
                 busie
                 and
                 intent
                 in
                 assaulting
                 the
                 Romans
                 )
                 and
                 easily
                 put
                 them
                 to
                 flight
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 they
                 within
                 the
                 Camp
                 sallying
                 out
                 ,
                 the
                 Volsci
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 
                 were
                 hemm'd
                 in
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 all
                 cut
                 off
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 this
                 Nation
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 before
                 a
                 strong
                 and
                 potent
                 People
                 ,
                 by
                 this
                 Overthrow
                 were
                 brought
                 extream
                 low
                 and
                 weaker
                 than
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Nations
                 round
                 about
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Dictator
                 afterwards
                 hearing
                 that
                 Bola
                 was
                 besieg'd
                 by
                 the
                 Aequi
                 ,
                 march'd
                 thither
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Besiegers
                 .
                 Thence
                 he
                 mov'd
                 to
                 *
                 Sutrinum
                 ,
                 a
                 Colony
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 but
                 then
                 possess'd
                 by
                 the
                 Aequi
                 ,
                 and
                 falling
                 upon
                 them
                 on
                 the
                 sudden
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 them
                 of
                 Sutrinum
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Gauls
                 in
                 their
                 march
                 from
                 Rome
                 besieg'd
                 Veascus
                 ,
                 a
                 Confederate
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Dictator
                 march'd
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 fought
                 and
                 routed
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 seiz'd
                 their
                 Bag
                 and
                 Baggage
                 ,
                 amongst
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 Gold
                 weigh'd
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 and
                 recover'd
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Prey
                 and
                 Plunder
                 they
                 had
                 gain'd
                 in
                 taking
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 perform'd
                 all
                 this
                 good
                 Service
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Tribunes
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 
                 through
                 Envy
                 deny'd
                 him
                 a
                 Triumph
                 .
                 Yet
                 some
                 relate
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 did
                 Triumph
                 in
                 a
                 Chariot
                 drawn
                 with
                 four
                 white
                 Horses
                 for
                 the
                 Victory
                 against
                 the
                 Thuscans
                 ,
                 and
                 within
                 two
                 Days
                 after
                 was
                 fin'd
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 which
                 we
                 shall
                 mention
                 hereafter
                 in
                 its
                 proper
                 place
                 .
              
               
                 Those
                 Gauls
                 that
                 went
                 to
                 Japygium
                 ,
                 design'd
                 to
                 return
                 through
                 the
                 Roman
                 Territories
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Cerii
                 laid
                 an
                 Ambush
                 for
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 them
                 all
                 off
                 in
                 the
                 Plains
                 of
                 Trausium
                 .
              
               
                 Callisthenes
                 the
                 Historian
                 began
                 his
                 Grecian
                 Memoirs
                 from
                 this
                 Year
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 Peace
                 
                 was
                 made
                 between
                 the
                 Graecians
                 and
                 Artaxerxes
                 ,
                 and
                 ended
                 them
                 with
                 the
                 Year
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Delphos
                 was
                 taken
                 and
                 rifled
                 by
                 Philomelus
                 the
                 Phocian
                 ,
                 comprehending
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 Affairs
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Thirty
                 Years
                 in
                 Ten
                 Books
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 being
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Peace
                 between
                 Artaxerxes
                 and
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Danger
                 threatned
                 to
                 Rome
                 by
                 the
                 Gauls
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 our
                 purpose
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 this
                 Book
                 .
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               BOOK
               XV.
               
            
             
               
                 HAving
                 throughout
                 the
                 whole
                 Work
                 us'd
                 the
                 Common
                 and
                 accustom'd
                 Liberty
              
               
               
                 of
                 an
                 Historian
                 ,
                 we
                 have
                 both
                 prais'd
                 the
                 Good
                 ,
                 and
                 condemn'd
                 the
                 Bad
                 as
                 they
                 have
                 fallen
                 in
                 our
                 way
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 those
                 whose
                 Genius
                 and
                 Inclination
                 prompts
                 them
                 to
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 may
                 be
                 the
                 more
                 encourag'd
                 to
                 Noble
                 Actions
                 ,
                 in
                 hopes
                 of
                 having
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 their
                 Names
                 continu'd
                 to
                 all
                 succeeding
                 Generations
                 ;
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 that
                 are
                 bent
                 to
                 Wickedness
                 may
                 be
                 curb'd
                 and
                 restrain'd
                 from
                 the
                 Heat
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 ,
                 of
                 their
                 Impiety
                 ,
                 by
                 those
                 marks
                 of
                 Dishonour
                 and
                 Disgrace
                 fix'd
                 upon
                 them
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Since
                 therefore
                 we
                 have
                 brought
                 down
                 our
                 History
                 to
                 the
                 times
                 wherein
                 the
              
               Lacedaemonians
               
                 fell
                 by
                 the
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 Slaughter
                 at
              
               Leuctra
               ,
               
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 again
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 at
              
               Mantinea
               ,
               
                 whereby
                 they
                 lost
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
              
               Greece
               ;
               
                 We
                 judge
                 it
                 part
                 of
                 our
                 Province
                 to
                 keep
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 former
                 Course
                 and
                 Method
                 of
                 Writing
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 therefore
                 by
                 the
                 way
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 to
                 blame
                 and
                 reprehend
                 the
              
               Lacedaemonians
               
                 who
                 justly
                 deserve
                 it
                 :
                 For
                 who
                 cannot
                 but
                 judge
                 them
                 worthy
                 of
                 Censure
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 justly
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 a
                 well-settled
                 Empire
                 and
                 Government
                 descended
                 to
                 them
                 from
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 Valour
                 supported
                 and
                 defended
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 above
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Years
                 ,
                 should
                 now
                 in
                 a
                 Moment
                 ruine
                 it
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Folly
                 and
                 Imprudence
                 ?
                 For
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 preserv'd
                 the
                 Grandeur
                 and
                 Glory
                 of
                 their
                 Conquests
                 ,
                 by
                 their
                 Lenity
                 and
                 Tenderness
                 towards
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 but
                 these
                 their
                 Posterity
                 by
                 their
                 Cruelty
                 to
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 Pride
                 and
                 Ambition
                 in
                 making
                 War
                 upon
                 the
              
               Grecians
               ,
               
                 most
                 deservedly
                 lost
                 all
                 by
                 their
                 Rashness
                 and
                 Inconsideratness
                 .
                 For
                 those
                 that
                 hated
                 them
                 for
                 the
                 Injuries
                 they
                 had
                 before
                 suffer'd
                 ,
                 greedily
                 took
                 the
                 advantage
                 now
                 they
                 were
                 low
                 ,
                 to
                 revenge
                 themselves
                 on
                 them
                 as
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 And
                 they
                 whose
                 Forefathers
                 were
                 never
                 before
                 Conquer'd
                 ,
                 were
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 more
                 despis'd
                 ,
                 by
                 how
                 much
                 they
                 deserv'd
                 the
                 greater
                 Contempt
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 their
                 Vices
                 had
                 stain'd
                 the
                 Virtue
                 and
                 Glory
                 of
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 .
              
            
             
               The
               Thebans
               
                 therefore
                 (
                 who
                 for
                 many
                 Ages
                 before
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 stoop
                 to
                 them
                 as
                 their
                 Superiors
                 ;
                 having
                 now
                 (
                 beyond
                 all
                 Mens
                 expectations
                 )
                 conquer'd
                 the
              
               Lacedaemonians
               )
               
                 were
                 made
                 Chief
                 Commanders
                 of
              
               Greece
               :
               
                 But
                 the
              
               Lacedaemonians
               ,
               
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 once
                 lost
                 their
                 hold
                 ,
                 could
                 never
                 after
                 recover
                 their
                 ancient
                 Glory
                 and
                 Dignity
                 .
                 But
                 enough
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 our
                 History
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 preceding
                 Book
                 ,
                 the
                 Fourteenth
                 in
                 Order
                 ,
                 ends
                 with
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
              
               Rhegium
               by
               Dionysius
               ,
               
                 and
                 the
                 Taking
                 of
              
               Rome
               
                 by
                 the
              
               Gauls
               ,
               
                 which
                 happen'd
                 the
                 Year
                 next
                 before
                 the
                 Expedition
                 of
                 the
              
               Persians
               into
               Cyprus
               against
               Evagoras
               .
               
                 We
                 shall
                 her
                 begin
                 this
                 Book
                 with
                 that
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 end
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 Year
                 next
                 preceding
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
              
               Philip
               
                 the
                 Son
                 of
              
               Amyntas
               .
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 
                   
                   Artaxerxes's
                   Expedition
                   against
                   Evagoras
                   in
                   Cyprus
                   .
                   The
                   Actions
                   there
                   at
                   Sea
                   and
                   Land.
                   The
                   Lacedaemonians
                   begin
                   new
                   Quarrels
                   in
                   Greece
                   .
                   As
                   first
                   with
                   
                     Mantinea
                     .
                     Dionysius
                  
                   gives
                   himself
                   to
                   Poetry
                   .
                   Peace
                   concluded
                   with
                   Evagoras
                   by
                   Orontes
                   the
                   Persian
                   General
                   .
                   Terabazus
                   brought
                   to
                   his
                   Tryal
                   .
                   Judgment
                   upon
                   corrupt
                   Judges
                   .
                   Terabazus
                   acquitted
                   .
                
              
               
                 IN
                 
                   Athens
                   Mystichides
                
                 was
                 Archon
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 Rome
                 three
                 Tribunes
                 were
                 invested
                 with
                 Consular
                 
                 Authority
                 ;
                 
                   Marcus
                   Furius
                   ,
                   Caius
                
                 and
                 Aemilius
                 ,
                 when
                 Artaxerxes
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 began
                 his
                 Expedition
                 against
                 Evagoras
                 King
                 of
                 Cyprus
                 The
                 King
                 had
                 spent
                 much
                 time
                 in
                 preparation
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 rais'd
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 Forces
                 both
                 for
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 .
                 For
                 his
                 Land-Army
                 consisted
                 of
                 Three
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 and
                 Foot
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 Equipp'd
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 above
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Gallies
                 Orontes
                 was
                 made
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Land-Army
                 ,
                 and
                 Terabazus
                 a
                 Man
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 among
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet.
                 These
                 headed
                 their
                 Armies
                 at
                 Phocea
                 and
                 Cuma
                 ,
                 and
                 descended
                 to
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 pass'd
                 over
                 to
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 very
                 vigorously
                 bestirr'd
                 themselves
                 for
                 the
                 carrying
                 on
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Evagoras
                 entred
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 Acoris
                 King
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 who
                 supply'd
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 being
                 himself
                 then
                 in
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 
                 He
                 was
                 likewise
                 privately
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Money
                 by
                 Hecatomnus
                 ,
                 the
                 Governor
                 of
                 Caria
                 ,
                 to
                 help
                 him
                 to
                 hire
                 Foreigners
                 .
                 And
                 several
                 other
                 Enemies
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 some
                 secretly
                 ,
                 others
                 openly
                 ,
                 confederated
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 War.
                 He
                 had
                 likewise
                 many
                 Cities
                 of
                 Cyprus
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 ,
                 with
                 whom
                 join'd
                 Tyre
                 in
                 Phenicia
                 and
                 other
                 Places
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 Navy
                 of
                 Ninety
                 Sail
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 Twenty
                 were
                 from
                 Tyre
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 Cyprus
                 .
                 His
                 Land-Army
                 consisted
                 of
                 Six
                 thousand
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 but
                 those
                 from
                 his
                 Confederates
                 were
                 many
                 more
                 :
                 Besides
                 ,
                 being
                 richly
                 supplied
                 by
                 them
                 with
                 Monies
                 he
                 hir'd
                 abundance
                 of
                 Mercenaries
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 *
                 Arabia
                 and
                 other
                 Princes
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 jealous
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 sent
                 him
                 great
                 Forces
                 .
                 Being
                 thus
                 supported
                 he
                 applied
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 with
                 great
                 Courage
                 and
                 Resolution
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 with
                 his
                 Privateers
                 (
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 many
                 )
                 he
                 intercepted
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Transport-Ships
                 loaden
                 with
                 Victuals
                 and
                 Provision
                 ,
                 and
                 sunk
                 some
                 ,
                 disabled
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 several
                 besides
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 there
                 began
                 to
                 be
                 great
                 Scarcity
                 and
                 Want
                 of
                 Corn
                 in
                 the
                 Persian
                 Camp
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Merchants
                 durst
                 not
                 sail
                 to
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 where
                 that
                 great
                 Army
                 and
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 were
                 got
                 together
                 :
                 And
                 this
                 occasion'd
                 a
                 great
                 Mutiny
                 it
                 s
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Bread
                 knock'd
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Officers
                 on
                 the
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 fill'd
                 the
                 Camp
                 with
                 Mutiny
                 and
                 Tumult
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Persian
                 Colonels
                 ,
                 and
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 called
                 Gaos
                 could
                 scarcely
                 quell
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 Fleet
                 therefore
                 sent
                 to
                 Cilicia
                 for
                 Provision
                 ,
                 which
                 return'd
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Quantity
                 of
                 Corn
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 Camp
                 was
                 ever
                 after
                 plentifully
                 supply'd
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 to
                 
                   Evagoras
                   ,
                   Acoris
                
                 sent
                 to
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 Money
                 ,
                 Corn
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 necessary
                 ,
                 sufficient
                 for
                 his
                 Occasions
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Evagoras
                 finding
                 that
                 his
                 Navy
                 was
                 far
                 too
                 weak
                 for
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 furnish'd
                 out
                 Threescore
                 Ships
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 for
                 Fifty
                 besides
                 from
                 Acoris
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 now
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Sail.
                 And
                 having
                 his
                 Navy
                 thus
                 bravely
                 Furnish'd
                 and
                 Equipp'd
                 ready
                 for
                 a
                 Battel
                 (
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 some
                 time
                 Train'd
                 and
                 Exercis'd
                 his
                 Men
                 not
                 without
                 terror
                 to
                 his
                 Enemies
                 )
                 he
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 a
                 Fight
                 at
                 Sea.
                 But
                 it
                 happen'd
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 the
                 King's
                 Fleet
                 passed
                 by
                 towards
                 Citium
                 ,
                 falling
                 suddenly
                 upon
                 them
                 in
                 an
                 orderly
                 Line
                 of
                 Battel
                 ,
                 he
                 gain'd
                 by
                 far
                 the
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 fighting
                 in
                 good
                 order
                 with
                 Ships
                 in
                 Confusion
                 and
                 Separated
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 with
                 Premeditation
                 engaging
                 with
                 Men
                 surpriz'd
                 and
                 taken
                 at
                 unawares
                 )
                 he
                 presently
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 onset
                 routed
                 them
                 :
                 For
                 charging
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 together
                 ,
                 upon
                 Ships
                 dispers'd
                 and
                 in
                 confusion
                 ,
                 they
                 sunk
                 and
                 took
                 several
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 afterwards
                 when
                 the
                 Persian
                 Admiral
                 and
                 other
                 Officers
                 gather'd
                 up
                 their
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 they
                 bravely
                 received
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Charge
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Engagement
                 grew
                 very
                 sharp
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Evagoras
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 had
                 the
                 better
                 ,
                 but
                 Gaos
                 with
                 great
                 Courage
                 bearing
                 in
                 upon
                 him
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 the
                 Evagrians
                 fled
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Gallies
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Persians
                 having
                 gain'd
                 this
                 Victory
                 ,
                 muster'd
                 both
                 their
                 Land
                 and
                 Sea-Forces
                 at
                 
                 Citium
                 ,
                 where
                 furnishing
                 themselves
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 ,
                 they
                 went
                 jointly
                 to
                 besiege
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 and
                 block'd
                 it
                 up
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land.
                 But
                 Terabazus
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Sea-Fight
                 put
                 over
                 to
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 bring
                 him
                 the
                 News
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 ,
                 
                 from
                 whom
                 he
                 brought
                 back
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 for
                 the
                 carrying
                 on
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 Evagoras
                 before
                 the
                 Fight
                 at
                 Sea
                 had
                 routed
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Army
                 at
                 Land
                 ,
                 which
                 much
                 encourag'd
                 him
                 to
                 further
                 Attempts
                 :
                 But
                 after
                 his
                 sad
                 Misfortune
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 thereupon
                 he
                 was
                 straightly
                 besieg'd
                 ,
                 his
                 Spirits
                 grew
                 very
                 low
                 :
                 However
                 ,
                 conceiving
                 it
                 necessary
                 to
                 continue
                 the
                 War
                 he
                 put
                 the
                 Supream
                 Power
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 his
                 Son
                 Pythagoras
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 left
                 him
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 privately
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 undiscorn'd
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 with
                 Ten
                 Gallies
                 loos'd
                 from
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 and
                 sail'd
                 into
                 Aegypt
                 ;
                 where
                 having
                 Audience
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 he
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 persuade
                 him
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Power
                 he
                 had
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 on
                 foot
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 (
                 without
                 any
                 regard
                 to
                 the
                 League
                 made
                 )
                 decreed
                 to
                 march
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 against
                 Mantinea
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Reasons
                 following
                 .
                 There
                 was
                 now
                 Peace
                 all
                 over
                 Greece
                 ;
                 by
                 the
                 Negotiation
                 of
                 Antalcidas
                 ,
                 by
                 virtue
                 whereof
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 were
                 freed
                 from
                 Garisons
                 ,
                 and
                 govern'd
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Spartans
                 (
                 naturally
                 Ambitious
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 contriving
                 how
                 to
                 begin
                 a
                 War
                 )
                 look'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Peace
                 as
                 a
                 heavy
                 Burden
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 coveting
                 to
                 gain
                 their
                 ancient
                 Dominion
                 )
                 began
                 to
                 endeavour
                 Innovations
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 by
                 their
                 Tools
                 and
                 Creatures
                 ,
                 they
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 Seditions
                 in
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 took
                 occasion
                 to
                 disturb
                 the
                 present
                 State
                 of
                 Affairs
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 who
                 were
                 Freed
                 and
                 set
                 at
                 Liberty
                 to
                 govern
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 call'd
                 them
                 to
                 an
                 account
                 who
                 acted
                 as
                 Magistrates
                 under
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 somewhat
                 severe
                 and
                 sharp
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 fresh
                 Resentment
                 of
                 the
                 late
                 Injuries
                 suffer'd
                 )
                 they
                 banish'd
                 many
                 ;
                 upon
                 this
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 
                 protected
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 depress'd
                 by
                 the
                 contrary
                 Faction
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 them
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 first
                 impos'd
                 upon
                 the
                 weaker
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 them
                 into
                 Slavery
                 :
                 But
                 afterwards
                 they
                 gave
                 Laws
                 to
                 Cities
                 and
                 Places
                 of
                 great
                 Account
                 ,
                 not
                 having
                 kept
                 the
                 League
                 two
                 years
                 together
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 because
                 Mantinea
                 was
                 near
                 to
                 
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 full
                 of
                 Valiant
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Peace
                 grown
                 very
                 Rich
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 jealous
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 resolved
                 to
                 bring
                 down
                 the
                 Lordly
                 Spirits
                 of
                 those
                 Inhabitants
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 Place
                 therefore
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 them
                 to
                 require
                 them
                 to
                 demolish
                 their
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 settle
                 themselves
                 again
                 in
                 those
                 Five
                 Villages
                 from
                 whence
                 they
                 anciently
                 remov'd
                 to
                 Mantinea
                 :
                 But
                 their
                 demands
                 being
                 slighted
                 ,
                 they
                 forthwith
                 marched
                 thither
                 with
                 their
                 Forces
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Mantineans
                 ,
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Athens
                 for
                 Aid
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Athenians
                 would
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 do
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 might
                 be
                 constru'd
                 a
                 Breach
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 League
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 valiantly
                 Defended
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 oppos'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 Forces
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 Greece
                 now
                 began
                 again
                 to
                 be
                 embroil'd
                 in
                 new
                 Wars
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 
                   Sicily
                   Dionysius
                
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 being
                 steed
                 from
                 the
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 Reign'd
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 in
                 Peace
                 and
                 Prosperity
                 ;
                 and
                 with
                 great
                 intention
                 of
                 Mind
                 employ'd
                 himself
                 in
                 writing
                 of
                 Verses
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 for
                 Poets
                 far
                 and
                 near
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 in
                 high
                 Esteem
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 his
                 Familiars
                 ,
                 to
                 whose
                 Judgments
                 and
                 Opinions
                 he
                 referr'd
                 the
                 Censure
                 of
                 his
                 Poems
                 .
                 Being
                 flatter'd
                 by
                 these
                 in
                 Panegyricks
                 of
                 Praise
                 for
                 their
                 own
                 Interest
                 ,
                 he
                 grew
                 highly
                 conceited
                 of
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 Prouder
                 of
                 his
                 Poems
                 than
                 of
                 his
                 Conquests
                 .
                 Philoxenus
                 ,
                 a
                 Composer
                 of
                 Dithyrambicks
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 Familiar
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 a
                 very
                 excellent
                 
                 Poet
                 in
                 his
                 kind
                 ,
                 when
                 at
                 a
                 Feast
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Foolish
                 Verses
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 were
                 recited
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 ask'd
                 how
                 he
                 approved
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 answering
                 something
                 too
                 Freely
                 and
                 Plainly
                 ,
                 
                 incurr'd
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 displeasure
                 :
                 Who
                 looking
                 upon
                 himself
                 abus'd
                 (
                 through
                 Envy
                 )
                 commanded
                 his
                 Guard
                 to
                 carry
                 him
                 away
                 to
                 work
                 as
                 a
                 Slave
                 in
                 the
                 Quarries
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 next
                 Day
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 Mediation
                 of
                 Friends
                 he
                 was
                 reconciled
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 at
                 a
                 Feast
                 to
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 again
                 Invited
                 the
                 same
                 Persons
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 his
                 Cups
                 he
                 highly
                 extoll'd
                 his
                 own
                 Poems
                 ,
                 and
                 Singing
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 (
                 which
                 he
                 thought
                 none
                 could
                 Excel
                 )
                 He
                 ask'd
                 what
                 he
                 thought
                 of
                 those
                 ?
                 To
                 which
                 he
                 answer'd
                 not
                 a
                 Word
                 ,
                 but
                 call'd
                 for
                 Dionysius
                 his
                 Guards
                 and
                 wish'd
                 them
                 to
                 carry
                 him
                 away
                 to
                 the
                 Quarries
                 Dionysius
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 for
                 the
                 Jest
                 sake
                 put
                 it
                 off
                 with
                 a
                 Laughter
                 ,
                 thereby
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 )
                 taking
                 off
                 the
                 Edge
                 of
                 the
                 Reproof
                 .
                 But
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 when
                 both
                 Dionysius
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Poets
                 wish'd
                 him
                 to
                 forbear
                 that
                 unseasonable
                 Freedom
                 of
                 Censuring
                 ,
                 Philoxenus
                 made
                 a
                 Promise
                 that
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 *
                 Paradox
                 ,
                 That
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 ,
                 He
                 would
                 both
                 speak
                 the
                 Truth
                 ,
                 and
                 also
                 please
                 Dionysius
                 himself
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 perform'd
                 his
                 Word
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 afterwards
                 recited
                 some
                 Verses
                 which
                 set
                 forth
                 some
                 sad
                 and
                 mournful
                 Passages
                 ,
                 He
                 ask'd
                 
                 him
                 how
                 he
                 approved
                 of
                 them
                 ?
                 He
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 Miserable
                 !
                 therein
                 performing
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 promis'd
                 by
                 the
                 ambiguity
                 of
                 the
                 Word
                 .
                 For
                 Dionysius
                 understood
                 it
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 meant
                 the
                 subject
                 Matter
                 of
                 the
                 Verses
                 was
                 very
                 Sad
                 and
                 Miserable
                 ;
                 and
                 set
                 forth
                 very
                 pathetically
                 ,
                 which
                 sort
                 of
                 Poesie
                 was
                 rarely
                 attain'd
                 unto
                 but
                 by
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 of
                 the
                 higher
                 form
                 of
                 Poets
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 look'd
                 upon
                 himself
                 highly
                 applauded
                 by
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 others
                 interpreted
                 what
                 he
                 said
                 with
                 more
                 truth
                 ,
                 that
                 that
                 word
                 Miserable
                 denoted
                 the
                 Badness
                 of
                 his
                 Verse
                 .
              
               
                 Not
                 far
                 unlike
                 to
                 this
                 ,
                 was
                 that
                 which
                 happen'd
                 to
                 Plato
                 the
                 Philosopher
                 ,
                 whom
                 Dionysius
                 sent
                 for
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 eminent
                 in
                 Philosophy
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 he
                 greatly
                 honour'd
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 taking
                 offence
                 at
                 something
                 he
                 said
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 hated
                 him
                 
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 order'd
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 Common
                 Market-place
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 sold
                 as
                 a
                 Slave
                 for
                 Five
                 *
                 Minas
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Philosophers
                 (
                 who
                 consulted
                 together
                 upon
                 the
                 matter
                 )
                 after
                 redeem'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 him
                 back
                 to
                 Greece
                 ,
                 with
                 this
                 Friendly
                 Advice
                 ,
                 That
                 a
                 Philosopher
                 should
                 very
                 rarely
                 Converse
                 with
                 Tyrants
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 did
                 ;
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 of
                 a
                 Gaining
                 Behaviour
                 .
              
               
                 However
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 went
                 on
                 with
                 his
                 Study
                 of
                 Poetry
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 Stage-players
                 that
                 could
                 sing
                 excellently
                 well
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Olympick
                 Games
                 ,
                 there
                 to
                 sing
                 his
                 Verses
                 ,
                 who
                 indeed
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 catch'd
                 the
                 Auditors
                 by
                 the
                 Ears
                 with
                 the
                 sweetness
                 of
                 their
                 Voices
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 consider'd
                 further
                 of
                 the
                 Matter
                 and
                 Composure
                 of
                 the
                 Poems
                 ,
                 they
                 went
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 Laughter
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 heard
                 how
                 his
                 Verses
                 were
                 Despis'd
                 and
                 Hiss'd
                 off
                 the
                 
                 the
                 Stage
                 ,
                 he
                 fell
                 into
                 a
                 great
                 Fit
                 of
                 Melancholly
                 ,
                 which
                 growing
                 upon
                 him
                 Day
                 by
                 Day
                 ,
                 he
                 rag'd
                 at
                 length
                 like
                 a
                 Madman
                 ,
                 and
                 cry'd
                 out
                 ,
                 That
                 every
                 one
                 Envy'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 Plotting
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 till
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 his
                 very
                 intimate
                 Friends
                 and
                 Relations
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 temper
                 he
                 arrived
                 at
                 last
                 to
                 that
                 height
                 of
                 Madness
                 and
                 Melancholy
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 put
                 
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 to
                 Death
                 upon
                 False
                 Accusations
                 ,
                 and
                 Banish'd
                 several
                 others
                 amongst
                 whom
                 were
                 Leptines
                 ,
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 and
                 Philistus
                 ,
                 Men
                 of
                 Valour
                 and
                 undaunted
                 Courage
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 done
                 remarkable
                 Service
                 for
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 War.
                 They
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Thurians
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 there
                 in
                 great
                 Esteem
                 among
                 them
                 :
                 But
                 afterwards
                 they
                 were
                 restor'd
                 to
                 the
                 Tyrant's
                 favour
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 seeking
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 not
                 only
                 brought
                 back
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 but
                 regain'd
                 his
                 former
                 good
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 and
                 enjoy'd
                 their
                 Places
                 of
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 as
                 they
                 did
                 before
                 .
                 And
                 Leptines
                 marry'd
                 Dionysius
                 his
                 Daughter
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 Transactions
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 .
                 
              
               
                 When
                 Dexitheus
                 bore
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 *
                 
                   Lucius
                   Lucretius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Servitius
                   Sulpitius
                
                 ,
                 were
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 Evagoras
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 return'd
                 out
                 of
                 
                 Aegypt
                 into
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 where
                 when
                 he
                 found
                 the
                 City
                 closely
                 besieg'd
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 his
                 Confederates
                 to
                 have
                 Deserted
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 send
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 seek
                 for
                 terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 .
                 Terabazus
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 and
                 Command
                 ,
                 return'd
                 him
                 answer
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 would
                 make
                 Peace
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 upon
                 Condition
                 he
                 would
                 quit
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 content
                 only
                 with
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 and
                 yield
                 a
                 yearly
                 Tribute
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 observant
                 to
                 all
                 his
                 Commands
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Servant
                 to
                 his
                 Master
                 :
                 To
                 which
                 terms
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 very
                 hard
                 ,
                 he
                 submitted
                 ,
                 excepting
                 that
                 one
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 obedient
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 as
                 a
                 Servant
                 to
                 his
                 Master
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 said
                 he
                 would
                 agree
                 to
                 be
                 Subject
                 to
                 him
                 as
                 one
                 King
                 to
                 
                 another
                 :
                 Which
                 Terabazus
                 would
                 not
                 consent
                 unto
                 ;
                 upon
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 General
                 ,
                 Orontes
                 ,
                 who
                 envy'd
                 Terabazus
                 ,
                 sent
                 Letters
                 privately
                 to
                 Artaxerxes
                 to
                 accuse
                 him
                 ;
                 as
                 first
                 ,
                 That
                 whereas
                 it
                 was
                 in
                 his
                 Power
                 to
                 take
                 Salamis
                 by
                 force
                 he
                 wav'd
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 treated
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 bring
                 about
                 some
                 *
                 Innovations
                 for
                 the
                 common
                 Advantage
                 of
                 them
                 both
                 :
                 That
                 he
                 had
                 entred
                 into
                 a
                 private
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 :
                 That
                 he
                 had
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 to
                 the
                 Oracle
                 at
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 to
                 consult
                 about
                 making
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 King
                 :
                 And
                 as
                 a
                 matter
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 concern
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 gain
                 all
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Creatures
                 ;
                 he
                 had
                 Brib'd
                 them
                 with
                 Gifts
                 ,
                 Preferments
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 large
                 Promises
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 read
                 these
                 Letters
                 (
                 believing
                 all
                 to
                 be
                 true
                 )
                 he
                 writ
                 back
                 to
                 Orontes
                 to
                 seize
                 upon
                 Terabazus
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 send
                 him
                 forthwith
                 to
                 him
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 he
                 executed
                 the
                 Command
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 Terabazus
                 came
                 before
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 he
                 desir'd
                 he
                 might
                 
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 his
                 Legal
                 Trial
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 committed
                 into
                 Custody
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Trial
                 was
                 long
                 deserr'd
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 King
                 presently
                 after
                 was
                 engag'd
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Carducians
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Orontes
                 now
                 Chief
                 Commander
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 in
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 seeing
                 Evagoras
                 
                 courageously
                 defend
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 perceiving
                 his
                 own
                 Soldiers
                 discontented
                 with
                 the
                 seizing
                 of
                 Terabazus
                 and
                 to
                 slight
                 his
                 Commands
                 ,
                 and
                 fall
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 fearing
                 some
                 sudden
                 Misfortune
                 ,
                 sent
                 to
                 Evagoras
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Peace
                 was
                 concluded
                 upon
                 the
                 same
                 Terms
                 he
                 would
                 have
                 agreed
                 with
                 Teribazus
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 Evagoras
                 (
                 beyond
                 his
                 own
                 Expectation
                 )
                 
                 
                 freed
                 from
                 absolute
                 Slavery
                 ,
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 ,
                 upon
                 Conditions
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 pay
                 a
                 Yearly
                 Tribute
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 Sovereign
                 Lord
                 of
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 and
                 Subject
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 no
                 otherwise
                 than
                 as
                 one
                 King
                 to
                 another
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 ended
                 the
                 Cyprian
                 War
                 which
                 was
                 spun
                 out
                 near
                 Ten
                 years
                 ,
                 though
                 most
                 of
                 that
                 time
                 was
                 only
                 spent
                 in
                 Preparation
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 above
                 two
                 Years
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 actual
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 But
                 Gaius
                 ,
                 the
                 Vice-Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 marry'd
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Terabazus
                 ,
                 was
                 in
                 great
                 pain
                 lest
                 he
                 should
                 suffer
                 something
                 or
                 other
                 out
                 of
                 suspicion
                 of
                 his
                 being
                 Familiar
                 and
                 Conversant
                 with
                 Terabazus
                 :
                 Therefore
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 be
                 before
                 hand
                 with
                 the
                 
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 being
                 well
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 a
                 brave
                 Navy
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 the
                 Love
                 of
                 the
                 Sea-Captains
                 and
                 Officers
                 ,
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 advise
                 and
                 consider
                 of
                 a
                 Defection
                 ;
                 and
                 forthwith
                 without
                 any
                 further
                 stop
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 Acoris
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 against
                 the
                 great
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 .
                 He
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 likewise
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 by
                 his
                 Letters
                 ,
                 and
                 amongst
                 
                 other
                 large
                 and
                 glorious
                 Promises
                 ,
                 he
                 engag'd
                 he
                 would
                 assist
                 them
                 in
                 settling
                 their
                 Affairs
                 in
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 maintaining
                 and
                 supporting
                 their
                 Sovereignty
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 truth
                 the
                 
                 Spartans
                 had
                 sometime
                 before
                 been
                 contriving
                 how
                 to
                 recover
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 over
                 the
                 Graecians
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 had
                 given
                 clear
                 indications
                 (
                 by
                 their
                 disturbances
                 )
                 of
                 their
                 design
                 to
                 Enslave
                 the
                 Cities
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 further'd
                 the
                 Matter
                 was
                 ,
                 they
                 repented
                 of
                 the
                 Peace
                 made
                 with
                 Artaxerxes
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 Charg'd
                 and
                 Accus'd
                 to
                 have
                 betray'd
                 all
                 the
                 Graecians
                 in
                 Asia
                 by
                 that
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 therefore
                 they
                 were
                 very
                 ready
                 to
                 catch
                 at
                 an
                 Opportunity
                 to
                 renew
                 the
                 War
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 very
                 chearfully
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 Gaius
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 Artaxerxes
                 had
                 ended
                 the
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Cadusians
                 ,
                 he
                 brought
                 Terabazus
                 to
                 his
                 
                 Trial
                 ,
                 and
                 referr'd
                 the
                 Cognisance
                 of
                 his
                 Cause
                 to
                 Three
                 Honourable
                 Persons
                 .
                 Near
                 this
                 time
                 some
                 Corrupt
                 Judges
                 were
                 flead
                 alive
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Skins
                 spread
                 round
                 the
                 Judgment-Seats
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 that
                 sate
                 there
                 might
                 always
                 have
                 an
                 Example
                 before
                 their
                 Eyes
                 of
                 the
                 Punishment
                 due
                 to
                 Injustice
                 ,
                 to
                 deterr
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 like
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Accusers
                 therefore
                 of
                 Terabazus
                 produced
                 against
                 him
                 the
                 Letters
                 of
                 Orontes
                 ,
                 earnestly
                 pressing
                 them
                 as
                 sufficient
                 Evidence
                 to
                 convict
                 him
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 Terabazus
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 make
                 it
                 evidently
                 appear
                 that
                 the
                 Accusation
                 was
                 a
                 meer
                 Scandal
                 ,
                 contriv'd
                 between
                 Orontes
                 and
                 Evagoras
                 ,
                 produc'd
                 the
                 Agreement
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 whereby
                 Evagoras
                 was
                 to
                 obey
                 the
                 King
                 as
                 a
                 King
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 otherwise
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Terms
                 upon
                 which
                 Terabazus
                 would
                 have
                 made
                 Peace
                 ,
                 were
                 ,
                 That
                 Evagoras
                 should
                 be
                 observant
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 as
                 a
                 Servant
                 to
                 his
                 Master
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 he
                 brought
                 all
                 those
                 Graecians
                 
                 that
                 were
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 present
                 ,
                 to
                 testify
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 God
                 return'd
                 not
                 any
                 Answer
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 any
                 Person
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 good
                 Correspondence
                 between
                 him
                 and
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 he
                 declar'd
                 that
                 he
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 them
                 not
                 for
                 any
                 private
                 Advantge
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 the
                 Profit
                 and
                 Advantage
                 of
                 the
                 King.
                 For
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 (
                 he
                 told
                 them
                 )
                 the
                 Graecians
                 in
                 Asia
                 being
                 divided
                 from
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 were
                 made
                 better
                 Subjects
                 and
                 more
                 Obedient
                 ;
                 and
                 going
                 on
                 with
                 his
                 Defence
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 the
                 Judges
                 in
                 mind
                 of
                 his
                 former
                 remarkable
                 Services
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 .
              
               
                 Amongst
                 those
                 which
                 clearly
                 manifested
                 his
                 Faith
                 and
                 Loyalty
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 
                 deserv'd
                 the
                 greatest
                 Commendation
                 ,
                 and
                 chiefly
                 (
                 as
                 was
                 said
                 )
                 wan
                 the
                 King's
                 Heart
                 ,
                 was
                 this
                 ,
                 That
                 when
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 one
                 day
                 in
                 his
                 Chariot
                 a
                 Hunting
                 ,
                 two
                 Lions
                 ran
                 fiercely
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 tearing
                 the
                 two
                 Chariot-Horses
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 at
                 him
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 instant
                 Therabazus
                 came
                 fortunately
                 in
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 both
                 the
                 Lions
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 rescu'd
                 the
                 King.
                 It
                 's
                 likewise
                 reported
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 Person
                 of
                 extraordinary
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 so
                 sound
                 and
                 solid
                 a
                 Judgment
                 in
                 Council
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 never
                 miscarry'd
                 when
                 he
                 follow'd
                 his
                 Advice
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Terabazus
                 had
                 ended
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 to
                 say
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 defence
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Judges
                 with
                 
                 one
                 Voice
                 acquitted
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 pronouc'd
                 him
                 Innocent
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Crimes
                 and
                 Offences
                 laid
                 to
                 his
                 Charge
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 King
                 afterwards
                 sent
                 for
                 the
                 Judges
                 to
                 him
                 severally
                 ,
                 and
                 examined
                 every
                 one
                 by
                 himself
                 ,
                 upon
                 what
                 Grounds
                 of
                 Law
                 they
                 pronounc'd
                 the
                 Accus'd
                 ,
                 Innocent
                 .
                 To
                 whom
                 the
                 first
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Matter
                 of
                 the
                 Accusation
                 was
                 Uncertain
                 and
                 Dubious
                 ,
                 but
                 his
                 good
                 Services
                 were
                 Clear
                 ,
                 Apparent
                 and
                 Manifest
                 to
                 all
                 .
                 Another
                 said
                 ,
                 That
                 thô
                 those
                 things
                 objected
                 against
                 him
                 were
                 true
                 ,
                 yet
                 that
                 all
                 his
                 Faults
                 were
                 over-ballanced
                 by
                 his
                 Deserts
                 .
                 The
                 Third
                 justify'd
                 his
                 Vote
                 to
                 discharge
                 him
                 ,
                 by
                 declaring
                 ,
                 
                 That
                 he
                 had
                 no
                 regard
                 to
                 his
                 Merits
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 rewarded
                 them
                 above
                 their
                 Deserts
                 ,
                 but
                 upon
                 strict
                 Examining
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 every
                 particular
                 Charge
                 ,
                 it
                 did
                 not
                 appear
                 to
                 him
                 that
                 the
                 Party
                 accus'd
                 was
                 guilty
                 of
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 commended
                 the
                 Judges
                 ,
                 as
                 Just
                 and
                 Upright
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 advanc'd
                 Terabazus
                 to
                 the
                 highest
                 Places
                 of
                 Honour
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 to
                 Orontes
                 ,
                 he
                 discarded
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 False
                 Accuser
                 ,
                 and
                 noted
                 
                 him
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Marks
                 of
                 Ignominy
                 and
                 Disgrace
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 stood
                 Affairs
                 in
                 Asia
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 II.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Mantinea
                   Besieg'd
                   by
                   the
                   
                     Lacedmonians
                     .
                     Dionysius
                  
                   aims
                   to
                   gain
                   the
                   Islands
                   of
                   the
                   Adriatick
                   Sea.
                   The
                   Parii
                   built
                   
                     Pharos
                     .
                     Dionysius
                  
                   his
                   Expedition
                   into
                   Hetruria
                   Prepares
                   for
                   War
                   against
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   .
                   The
                   Sicilians
                   routed
                   at
                   Cronion
                   .
                   The
                   quarrel
                   between
                   the
                   Clazomenians
                   and
                   them
                   of
                   Cuma
                   ,
                   about
                   Leuce
                   .
                   The
                   War
                   between
                   Amyntas
                   and
                   the
                   Olynthians
                   .
                   The
                   Lacedemonians
                   seize
                   the
                   Citadel
                   Cadmea
                   at
                   
                     Thebes
                     .
                     Eudamidas
                  
                   breaks
                   into
                   the
                   Olynthians
                   Country
                   .
                
              
               
                 IN
                 Greece
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 press'd
                 on
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Mantinea
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Mantineans
                 bravely
                 defended
                 the
                 place
                 all
                 that
                 Summer
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 were
                 reputed
                 the
                 most
                 valiant
                 Men
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Spartans
                 in
                 former
                 times
                 were
                 us'd
                 to
                 account
                 these
                 their
                 fastest
                 and
                 truest
                 Friends
                 in
                 all
                 Fights
                 and
                 Engagements
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 Winter
                 drew
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 River
                 running
                 under
                 the
                 Town
                 swell'd
                 high
                 by
                 the
                 Rains
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 dam'd
                 up
                 the
                 River
                 with
                 Earth
                 and
                 Rubbish
                 ,
                 and
                 turn'd
                 the
                 Current
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 place
                 round
                 about
                 was
                 like
                 to
                 a
                 standing
                 Pool
                 ;
                 by
                 reason
                 whereof
                 the
                 Houses
                 fell
                 down
                 ,
                 which
                 amaz'd
                 them
                 of
                 Mantinea
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 Which
                 being
                 thus
                 taken
                 ,
                 the
                 Citizens
                 suffer'd
                 no
                 other
                 hardships
                 from
                 
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 save
                 only
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 order'd
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 those
                 Ancient
                 Villages
                 from
                 whence
                 at
                 first
                 they
                 came
                 :
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 therefore
                 to
                 leave
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 settle
                 themselves
                 and
                 their
                 Families
                 in
                 the
                 Villages
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Dionysius
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 had
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Cities
                 lying
                 upon
                 the
                 Adriatick
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 chiefly
                 mov'd
                 him
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 was
                 because
                 he
                 covered
                 to
                 be
                 Master
                 of
                 the
                 Jonian
                 Sea
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 call
                 it
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 a
                 free
                 and
                 open
                 passage
                 to
                 Epirus
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 have
                 Towns
                 and
                 places
                 for
                 his
                 Ships
                 ready
                 to
                 touch
                 at
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 every
                 day
                 making
                 preparation
                 to
                 Transport
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Forces
                 into
                 Epirus
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 rifle
                 and
                 plunder
                 the
                 rich
                 Temple
                 at
                 Delphos
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 Alcetas
                 the
                 Molossian
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 an
                 Exile
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 And
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 being
                 then
                 engag'd
                 in
                 a
                 War
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 them
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Grecian
                 Arms
                 :
                 the
                 Arms
                 they
                 distributed
                 amongst
                 the
                 strongest
                 and
                 stoutest
                 of
                 their
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Auxiliaries
                 they
                 mixt
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 in
                 several
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Companies
                 and
                 Regiments
                 .
                 The
                 Illyrians
                 having
                 now
                 rais'd
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ;
                 made
                 an
                 irruption
                 into
                 Epirus
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 restore
                 Alcetas
                 to
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Country
                 without
                 opposition
                 or
                 controul
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 a
                 sharp
                 Battle
                 was
                 fought
                 between
                 them
                 and
                 the
                 Molossians
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 were
                 Victors
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 
                 above
                 Fifteen
                 thousand
                 of
                 the
                 Molossians
                 ,
                 which
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 the
                 Epirots
                 being
                 made
                 known
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 them
                 aid
                 to
                 curb
                 and
                 bridle
                 the
                 fierceness
                 and
                 cruelty
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 .
              
               
                 During
                 the
                 transaction
                 of
                 these
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 the
                 *
                 Parii
                 by
                 the
                 encouragement
                 of
                 an
                 old
                 Prophecy
                 ,
                 sent
                 forth
                 a
                 Colony
                 to
                 the
                 Adriatick
                 Coast
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 built
                 Pharos
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 in
                 an
                 Island
                 so
                 call'd
                 .
                 For
                 not
                 many
                 years
                 before
                 he
                 had
                 sent
                 a
                 Colony
                 thither
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 the
                 City
                 Lyssus
                 :
                 by
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 which
                 place
                 (
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 little
                 else
                 to
                 do
                 )
                 he
                 rais'd
                 an
                 Arsenal
                 for
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 Wall'd
                 the
                 Town
                 in
                 so
                 large
                 a
                 Circuit
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 exceeded
                 in
                 compass
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 .
                 He
                 likewise
                 built
                 stately
                 Schools
                 and
                 Colledges
                 on
                 the
                 on
                 the
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 *
                 Anapus
                 ,
                 with
                 Temples
                 and
                 other
                 beautiful
                 Fabricks
                 to
                 advance
                 the
                 Glory
                 and
                 Greatness
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 ended
                 the
                 Year
                 :
                 when
                 Diotrephes
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 next
                 was
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ;
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Valerius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Aulus
                   Manlius
                
                 were
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 .
                 At
                 Aelis
                 was
                 solemniz'd
                 the
                 Ninety
                 ninth
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Dicon
                 the
                 Syracusian
                 wan
                 the
                 Prize
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Pharii
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 now
                 seated
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 Pharos
                 )
                 Wall'd
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 they
                 had
                 built
                 near
                 the
                 Sea
                 side
                 ,
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 injuring
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ;
                 but
                 allotted
                 them
                 a
                 place
                 very
                 strong
                 ,
                 and
                 excellently
                 well
                 fortify'd
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 nestling
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 Eye-sore
                 to
                 the
                 natural
                 Inhabitants
                 ;
                 therefore
                 they
                 sent
                 for
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 bordering
                 upon
                 the
                 Continent
                 over
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 pass'd
                 over
                 to
                 Pharos
                 in
                 many
                 small
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Men
                 and
                 upwards
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Greeks
                 and
                 kill'd
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 who
                 was
                 made
                 Governor
                 of
                 Lyssus
                 
                 by
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Shipping
                 of
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 ;
                 and
                 took
                 and
                 sunk
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 Five
                 thousand
                 of
                 their
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Two
                 thousand
                 prisoners
                 .
              
               
                 Dionysius
                 being
                 now
                 in
                 great
                 want
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 began
                 an
                 Expedition
                 with
                 Threescore
                 Gallies
                 into
                 *
                 Hetruria
                 ,
                 under
                 colour
                 to
                 scour
                 the
                 Seas
                 of
                 Pyrats
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 truth
                 to
                 rob
                 a
                 famous
                 Temple
                 in
                 those
                 parts
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 very
                 full
                 *
                 of
                 rich
                 Gifts
                 and
                 Donations
                 .
                 It
                 stood
                 in
                 the
                 Suburbs
                 of
                 Agylla
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 Hetruria
                 ,
                 where
                 was
                 the
                 Arsenal
                 which
                 they
                 call
                 the
                 Towers
                 .
                 He
                 landed
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 forcing
                 in
                 at
                 break
                 of
                 day
                 ,
                 accomplish'd
                 his
                 Design
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 being
                 but
                 a
                 small
                 Guard
                 in
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 he
                 easily
                 over-power'd
                 them
                 ,
                 rifled
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 out
                 above
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Talents
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 tho'
                 they
                 of
                 Agylla
                 sally'd
                 out
                 to
                 repel
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 routed
                 'em
                 ,
                 took
                 many
                 
                 prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 sailed
                 back
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 rais'd
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 by
                 the
                 sale
                 of
                 the
                 Spoils
                 .
                 Having
                 thus
                 fill'd
                 his
                 Coffers
                 he
                 rais'd
                 Soldiers
                 from
                 all
                 parts
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 evident
                 (
                 to
                 the
                 apprehension
                 of
                 all
                 )
                 that
                 he
                 design'd
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 things
                 done
                 this
                 year
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 the
                 Dignity
                 of
                 Archon
                 was
                 conferr'd
                 upon
                 Phanostratus
                 at
                 Athens
                 .
                 And
                 
                 the
                 Romans
                 made
                 Four
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 
                   Lucius
                   Lucretius
                   ,
                   Servius
                   Sulpitius
                
                 ,
                 *
                 
                   Lucius
                   Emilius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Furius
                
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 Dionysius
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 being
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 watch'd
                 for
                 a
                 fair
                 occasion
                 to
                 colour
                 and
                 countenance
                 his
                 Design
                 .
                 Discerning
                 therefore
                 that
                 the
                 Cities
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 were
                 inclin'd
                 to
                 a
                 Revolt
                 ,
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 into
                 his
                 Protection
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 would
                 come
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 carrying
                 himself
                 with
                 great
                 complacency
                 and
                 winning
                 behaviour
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 first
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 demanded
                 the
                 restitution
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 deny'd
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 a
                 new
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 therefore
                 entred
                 into
                 Confederacies
                 with
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 
                 join'd
                 together
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 they
                 prudently
                 foresaw
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 they
                 Listed
                 Soldiers
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 choicest
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 up
                 great
                 Sums
                 of
                 Money
                 wherewith
                 they
                 hir'd
                 a
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 Foreigners
                 :
                 And
                 having
                 made
                 Mago
                 their
                 General
                 (
                 who
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 bore
                 the
                 Title
                 of
                 King
                 )
                 they
                 Transported
                 many
                 Thousands
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 both
                 into
                 Italy
                 and
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 had
                 decreed
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 them
                 both
                 at
                 once
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 likewise
                 himself
                 divided
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 some
                 against
                 the
                 Italiots
                 and
                 others
                 against
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 many
                 light
                 skirmishes
                 pass'd
                 between
                 Parties
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 every
                 day
                 ,
                 but
                 nothing
                 was
                 as
                 yet
                 done
                 of
                 any
                 moment
                 .
                 But
                 there
                 afterwards
                 hapned
                 Two
                 great
                 Battles
                 that
                 were
                 especially
                 famous
                 and
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 in
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 at
                 a
                 place
                 call'd
                 
                   Cabala
                   ,
                   Dionysius
                
                 made
                 himself
                 noted
                 
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 routed
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 killing
                 above
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 Five
                 thousand
                 prisoners
                 ,
                 forc'd
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 fly
                 to
                 a
                 Hill
                 that
                 was
                 fortify'd
                 ,
                 but
                 altogether
                 without
                 Water
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Fight
                 Mago
                 their
                 General
                 was
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 behaving
                 himself
                 with
                 great
                 Gallantry
                 and
                 Resolution
                 .
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 this
                 Slaughter
                 ,
                 sent
                 forthwith
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 make
                 Peace
                 with
                 Dionysius
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 
                 return'd
                 them
                 Answer
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 only
                 one
                 way
                 left
                 for
                 them
                 to
                 make
                 peace
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 was
                 forthwith
                 to
                 quit
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 reimburse
                 all
                 the
                 charge
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 This
                 Answer
                 was
                 lookt
                 upon
                 as
                 harsh
                 and
                 proud
                 .
                 Therefore
                 they
                 betook
                 themselves
                 to
                 their
                 old
                 Arts
                 of
                 Fraud
                 and
                 Deceit
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 seem'd
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 allow'd
                 of
                 his
                 terms
                 ,
                 but
                 pretended
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 in
                 their
                 power
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 the
                 Cities
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 therefore
                 they
                 desired
                 a
                 Truce
                 for
                 some
                 few
                 days
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 consult
                 with
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 concerning
                 this
                 Affair
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 agreed
                 unto
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 much
                 transported
                 at
                 the
                 
                 Truce
                 ,
                 having
                 now
                 a
                 prospect
                 presently
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 conceiv'd
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 Lord
                 of
                 all
                 Sicily
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 bury'd
                 Mago
                 their
                 King
                 with
                 great
                 Pomp
                 and
                 State
                 ,
                 putting
                 his
                 Son
                 into
                 the
                 same
                 place
                 ,
                 who
                 tho'
                 he
                 was
                 very
                 young
                 ,
                 yet
                 there
                 were
                 marks
                 and
                 appearances
                 in
                 him
                 of
                 more
                 than
                 ordinary
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Valour
                 .
                 This
                 new
                 General
                 spent
                 all
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Truce
                 in
                 Training
                 and
                 Disciplining
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 ,
                 what
                 with
                 his
                 daily
                 Diligence
                 ,
                 exact
                 Directions
                 ,
                 and
                 frequent
                 exercise
                 of
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 an
                 Army
                 both
                 readily
                 subject
                 to
                 Command
                 ,
                 and
                 hardy
                 and
                 strong
                 for
                 Service
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Cessation
                 expir'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Armies
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 came
                 hastily
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 Cronion
                 was
                 a
                 sharp
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 where
                 God
                 gave
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 
                 the
                 Victory
                 to
                 make
                 amends
                 for
                 their
                 former
                 slaughter
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 who
                 were
                 grown
                 proud
                 ,
                 and
                 boasting
                 by
                 their
                 Victory
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 ,
                 were
                 now
                 as
                 low
                 and
                 poor
                 spirited
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 they
                 who
                 were
                 altogether
                 dejected
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 despair
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 overthrow
                 ,
                 had
                 their
                 Spirits
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 rais'd
                 by
                 their
                 great
                 and
                 unexpected
                 success
                 .
                 
                 For
                 Leptines
                 who
                 commanded
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Wings
                 ,
                 a
                 valiant
                 Man
                 ,
                 signaliz'd
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 sell
                 in
                 the
                 Bed
                 of
                 Honour
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 slaughter
                 amongst
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
                 After
                 whose
                 Fall
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 pluckt
                 up
                 their
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 put
                 their
                 Enemies
                 to
                 flight
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 with
                 those
                 choice
                 Men
                 he
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 worsted
                 those
                 that
                 charg'd
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 Leptines
                 was
                 known
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Wing
                 was
                 discern'd
                 to
                 be
                 broken
                 and
                 dispers'd
                 ,
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 with
                 Dionysius
                 fled
                 likewise
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 betaking
                 themselves
                 to
                 their
                 heels
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 made
                 a
                 hot
                 pursuit
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 Orders
                 that
                 no
                 Quarter
                 should
                 be
                 given
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 all
                 being
                 kill'd
                 that
                 came
                 to
                 hand
                 ,
                 every
                 place
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 way
                 together
                 was
                 strow'd
                 and
                 cover'd
                 with
                 dead
                 Bodies
                 .
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 in
                 revenge
                 of
                 their
                 former
                 loss
                 had
                 made
                 so
                 
                 great
                 a
                 slaughter
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 slain
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 bury'd
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 found
                 to
                 amount
                 to
                 above
                 Fourteen
                 thousand
                 Sicilians
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 was
                 by
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 Night
                 only
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 rest
                 escap'd
                 .
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 having
                 now
                 gain'd
                 so
                 great
                 and
                 remarkable
                 a
                 Victory
                 ,
                 return'd
                 to
                 Panormas
                 :
                 However
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 became
                 Men
                 )
                 they
                 us'd
                 their
                 Prosperity
                 with
                 great
                 Moderation
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Dionysius
                 to
                 offer
                 him
                 Terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 readily
                 embrac'd
                 ;
                 And
                 all
                 was
                 concluded
                 upon
                 these
                 conditions
                 ,
                 That
                 both
                 sides
                 should
                 keep
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 before
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 save
                 only
                 that
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 should
                 have
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 Territory
                 of
                 Selinuntia
                 ,
                 and
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Agrigemum
                 ,
                 
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Alycum
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Dionysius
                 should
                 pay
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Talents
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 stood
                 Affairs
                 in
                 Sicily
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 
                   Asia
                   ,
                   Gaius
                
                 ,
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 rebell'd
                 against
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 engag'd
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 and
                 Aegyptians
                 to
                 his
                 Interest
                 ,
                 was
                 Murther'd
                 secretly
                 
                 by
                 some
                 body
                 unknown
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 fall'd
                 of
                 his
                 Designs
                 .
                 After
                 whose
                 Death
                 Tachos
                 pursuing
                 the
                 same
                 Design
                 ,
                 got
                 an
                 Army
                 together
                 and
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 upon
                 an
                 high
                 Rock
                 joining
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Leuca
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 built
                 a
                 Chappel
                 to
                 Apollo
                 :
                 but
                 he
                 dy'd
                 likewise
                 a
                 little
                 after
                 ;
                 upon
                 whose
                 death
                 the
                 Clazomenians
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 of
                 Cuma
                 fell
                 at
                 strife
                 and
                 variance
                 for
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 first
                 they
                 went
                 about
                 to
                 decide
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 :
                 But
                 afterwards
                 by
                 the
                 advice
                 of
                 some
                 Person
                 consulting
                 the
                 Oracle
                 of
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 to
                 know
                 to
                 which
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 Leuca
                 should
                 belong
                 ,
                 The
                 Prophetess
                 Answer'd
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   it
                   should
                   be
                   theirs
                   who
                   should
                   first
                   sacrifice
                   at
                
                 Leuca
                 ;
                 
                   but
                   that
                   both
                   should
                   set
                   forth
                   from
                   their
                   Cities
                   at
                   the
                   rising
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   upon
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   day
                   ,
                   as
                   they
                   themselves
                   should
                   agree
                   upon
                   .
                
                 Accordingly
                 
                 the
                 day
                 was
                 set
                 ,
                 the
                 Cumeans
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 lookt
                 upon
                 themselves
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 advantage
                 ,
                 because
                 their
                 City
                 was
                 nearer
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Clazomenians
                 ,
                 tho'
                 they
                 were
                 more
                 remote
                 ,
                 yet
                 contriv'd
                 this
                 project
                 to
                 gain
                 their
                 end
                 .
                 They
                 sent
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Citizens
                 chosen
                 by
                 Lot
                 to
                 a
                 Colony
                 of
                 theirs
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 Leuca
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 at
                 Sun
                 rising
                 they
                 began
                 their
                 Journey
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 finish'd
                 their
                 Sacrifices
                 before
                 them
                 of
                 Cuma
                 .
                 Having
                 gain'd
                 Leuca
                 by
                 this
                 trick
                 ,
                 in
                 memory
                 thereof
                 they
                 appointed
                 a
                 yearly
                 Festival
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 call'd
                 Prophthasia
                 ,
                 from
                 this
                 their
                 coming
                 first
                 to
                 Leuca
                 .
                 These
                 things
                 thus
                 done
                 ,
                 all
                 Rebellions
                 in
                 Asia
                 were
                 at
                 an
                 end
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 now
                 after
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 Gaius
                 and
                 Tachos
                 would
                 have
                 no
                 more
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 Asia
                 ;
                 but
                 set
                 their
                 Heads
                 at
                 work
                 how
                 to
                 advance
                 their
                 power
                 in
                 Greece
                 .
                 And
                 having
                 persuaded
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 others
                 to
                 receive
                 their
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 they
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 Sovereighty
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 ,
                 manifestly
                 against
                 the
                 League
                 amongst
                 all
                 the
                 Grecians
                 made
                 by
                 Antalcydas
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Macedonia
                 King
                 Amyntas
                 (
                 after
                 he
                 was
                 overcome
                 by
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 ,
                 in
                 despair
                 of
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 help
                 himself
                 )
                 bestow'd
                 a
                 large
                 Tract
                 of
                 Land
                 upon
                 the
                 Olynthians
                 ,
                 which
                 lay
                 near
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 never
                 thinking
                 to
                 be
                 restor'd
                 again
                 to
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 The
                 Olynthians
                 enjoy'd
                 this
                 Peace
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 the
                 King
                 recover'd
                 strength
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 re-instated
                 into
                 his
                 former
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 he
                 demanded
                 restitution
                 of
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Olynthians
                 deny'd
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Amyntas
                 rais'd
                 both
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 them
                 to
                 send
                 a
                 General
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 
                 against
                 the
                 Olynthians
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 resolving
                 to
                 fix
                 in
                 those
                 parts
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 an
                 Army
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Citizens
                 and
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 over
                 which
                 they
                 made
                 Phoebidas
                 ,
                 that
                 Spartan
                 ,
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 Amyntas
                 and
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Olynthians
                 .
                 They
                 sent
                 out
                 another
                 Body
                 against
                 the
                 Phaeuntians
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 subdu'd
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 to
                 submit
                 to
                 their
                 Government
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Two
                 Lacedemonian
                 Kings
                 having
                 different
                 Sentiments
                 disagreed
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 .
                 For
                 Agesipolis
                 was
                 a
                 lover
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Just
                 and
                 Wise
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 Declar'd
                 against
                 oppressing
                 the
                 Greeks
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 said
                 that
                 Sparta
                 would
                 become
                 infamous
                 amongst
                 all
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 if
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 instrumental
                 in
                 making
                 the
                 Grecians
                 in
                 Asia
                 Slaves
                 to
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 now
                 enslave
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 to
                 
                 themselves
                 ,
                 whose
                 Liberties
                 they
                 had
                 sworn
                 in
                 the
                 common
                 League
                 to
                 preserve
                 inviolable
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 Agesilaus
                 being
                 naturally
                 Turbulent
                 and
                 inclin'd
                 to
                 War
                 ,
                 thirsted
                 after
                 Dominion
                 over
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 when
                 Menander
                 was
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 six
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Quintus
                   Sulpitius
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Fabius
                
                 ,
                 *
                 
                   Cornelius
                   Servilius
                   ,
                   Quintus
                   Servilius
                   ,
                   Sextus
                   Annius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Marcius
                
                 bore
                 the
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 Cadmea
                 ,
                 the
                 Citadel
                 of
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Reasons
                 following
                 .
                 They
                 had
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 before
                 consider'd
                 how
                 Boetia
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 Towns
                 and
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 were
                 Men
                 both
                 of
                 stout
                 Hearts
                 ,
                 and
                 strong
                 Bodies
                 ;
                 and
                 especially
                 that
                 Thebes
                 which
                 continu'd
                 to
                 that
                 Day
                 in
                 its
                 ancient
                 State
                 and
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 was
                 even
                 the
                 Guard
                 and
                 Bulwark
                 of
                 all
                 Beotia
                 ;
                 therefore
                 they
                 were
                 afraid
                 lest
                 at
                 some
                 fit
                 opportunity
                 or
                 other
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 become
                 Lords
                 of
                 Greece
                 :
                 For
                 this
                 Reason
                 they
                 gave
                 private
                 Instruction
                 to
                 their
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 to
                 seize
                 upon
                 Cadmea
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 could
                 spy
                 out
                 an
                 opportunity
                 .
                 Phoebidas
                 the
                 Spartan
                 General
                 in
                 his
                 March
                 against
                 the
                 Olynthians
                 (
                 remembring
                 his
                 Instructions
                 )
                 Surpriz'd
                 Cadmea
                 ,
                 which
                 so
                 enrag'd
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 rose
                 in
                 Arms
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 beaten
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 Banish'd
                 three
                 hundred
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 eminent
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 into
                 a
                 great
                 fright
                 ;
                 and
                 leaving
                 there
                 a
                 strong
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 March'd
                 away
                 in
                 pursuance
                 of
                 the
                 business
                 he
                 had
                 chiefly
                 in
                 hand
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 the
                 Grecians
                 every
                 where
                 complain'd
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 for
                 this
                 unworthy
                 Act.
                 And
                 they
                 indeed
                 themselves
                 Fin'd
                 Phaebidas
                 for
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 withdraw
                 the
                 Garrison
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 Thebans
                 were
                 Robb'd
                 of
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 under
                 the
                 pow'r
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Olynthians
                 resolutely
                 persisting
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 Amyntas
                 King
                 of
                 
                   Macedon
                   ,
                   Phaebidas
                
                 was
                 order'd
                 to
                 lay
                 down
                 his
                 Commission
                 ,
                 and
                 Eudamidas
                 his
                 Brother
                 was
                 made
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 away
                 with
                 Three
                 thousand
                 heavy
                 arm'd
                 Men
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Olynthians
                 ,
                 who
                 breaking
                 into
                 the
                 Olynthians
                 Country
                 ,
                 
                 joyntly
                 with
                 Amyntas
                 fell
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Olynthians
                 being
                 good
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 overpowring
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 Number
                 ,
                 beat
                 them
                 both
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 rais'd
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Teleutias
                 ,
                 King
                 Agislaus
                 his
                 Brother
                 General
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 high
                 Esteem
                 among
                 the
                 Citizens
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 ,
                 who
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 entr'd
                 to
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 Olynthus
                 ,
                 was
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 Eudamidas
                 ;
                 and
                 now
                 being
                 strong
                 enough
                 to
                 fight
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 he
                 first
                 Spoil'd
                 and
                 Wasted
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 Divided
                 the
                 Prey
                 (
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 got
                 together
                 in
                 abundance
                 )
                 amongst
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 the
                 Olynthians
                 march'd
                 out
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Armies
                 Engaged
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 ,
                 the
                 Battle
                 was
                 doubtful
                 ;
                 but
                 afterwards
                 the
                 Fight
                 was
                 renew'd
                 with
                 that
                 extraordinary
                 Courage
                 and
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 that
                 Teleutias
                 
                 bravely
                 acquitting
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 Twelve
                 hundred
                 Lacedemontans
                 more
                 ,
                 were
                 there
                 kill'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Place
                 .
                 The
                 Spartans
                 being
                 nettl'd
                 at
                 this
                 Success
                 of
                 the
                 Olynthians
                 ,
                 made
                 greater
                 Preparations
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 repair
                 their
                 Loss
                 :
                 So
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 the
                 Olynthians
                 suspecting
                 that
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 would
                 bring
                 down
                 greater
                 Forces
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 War
                 might
                 continue
                 long
                 ,
                 furnish'd
                 themselves
                 with
                 store
                 of
                 Corn
                 and
                 Provision
                 ,
                 and
                 Aids
                 from
                 their
                 Confederates
                 .
              
               
                 Demophilus
                 was
                 now
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Publius
                   Cornelius
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Verginius
                   ,
                   Lucius
                
                 
                 Papurius
                 ,
                 *
                 
                   Marcus
                   Furius
                   ,
                   Valerius
                   Aulius
                   ,
                   Manlius
                   *
                   Lucius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 *
                 
                   Posthumius
                   Quintus
                
                 ,
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 were
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 when
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 decreed
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Olynthians
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 their
                 King
                 Agesipolis
                 General
                 over
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Force
                 sufficient
                 
                 for
                 the
                 Expedition
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 entr'd
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Country
                 ,
                 he
                 join'd
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 Encamp'd
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 fell
                 to
                 Action
                 .
                 The
                 Olynthians
                 this
                 Year
                 fought
                 no
                 considerable
                 Battle
                 ;
                 but
                 kept
                 the
                 Kings
                 Army
                 in
                 play
                 (
                 whom
                 they
                 were
                 afraid
                 
                 to
                 Encounter
                 )
                 with
                 continual
                 pickeering
                 ,
                 and
                 light
                 and
                 frequent
                 skirmishes
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 III.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Polypidas
                   sent
                   General
                   by
                   the
                   Lacedemonians
                   against
                   the
                   Olynthians
                   .
                   A
                   great
                   Plague
                   in
                   Carthage
                   .
                   The
                   Beotian
                   War.
                   Cadmea
                   retaken
                   .
                   A
                   Confederacy
                   of
                   the
                   Cities
                   against
                   the
                   
                     Lacedemonians
                     .
                     Cleombrotus
                  
                   attempts
                   to
                   Surprize
                   the
                   Pireum
                   at
                   Athens
                   .
                   The
                   Athenians
                   Seize
                   Actea
                   in
                   
                     Eubea
                     .
                     Agesilaus
                  
                   enters
                   Beotia
                   .
                   The
                   Sea-fight
                   at
                   Naxus
                   .
                
              
               
                 AFter
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 ,
                 Pytheas
                 was
                 Created
                 Chief
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 Athens
                 ;
                 and
                 
                 six
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 bore
                 the
                 consular
                 Authority
                 at
                 
                   Rome
                   ,
                   Titus
                   Quintius
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Servilius
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Julius
                   ,
                   Aquilius
                
                 *
                 
                   Decius
                   ,
                   Lucretius
                   Anchius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Servius
                   Sulpitius
                
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 was
                 Solemnized
                 the
                 Hundred
                 Olympiad
                 at
                 Elis
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 Dionysiodorus
                 the
                 Tarentine
                 bore
                 away
                 the
                 Prize
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Agestpolis
                 King
                 of
                 Lacedemon
                 died
                 in
                 the
                 fourteenth
                 Year
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 ;
                 and
                 his
                 Brother
                 Cleombrotus
                 succeeding
                 him
                 ,
                 Reign'd
                 Nine
                 Years
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 Constituted
                 Polybidas
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 him
                 forth
                 against
                 
                 the
                 Olynthians
                 .
                 He
                 swore
                 all
                 his
                 Souldiers
                 to
                 be
                 true
                 and
                 faithful
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 many
                 Victories
                 ,
                 managing
                 the
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Valour
                 and
                 Conduct
                 that
                 became
                 a
                 good
                 General
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 improving
                 his
                 good
                 Fortune
                 and
                 frequent
                 Sucesses
                 ,
                 he
                 drove
                 the
                 Olynthians
                 within
                 their
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 pinning
                 them
                 up
                 ,
                 so
                 Terrifi'd
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 forc'd
                 them
                 to
                 Submit
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 as
                 their
                 Sovereign
                 Lords
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 
                 Olynthians
                 were
                 Enroll'd
                 among
                 the
                 Confederates
                 of
                 the
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 many
                 other
                 Cities
                 sought
                 to
                 come
                 under
                 the
                 same
                 Protection
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 was
                 in
                 its
                 greatest
                 Strength
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 Lords
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 ,
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 ;
                 
                 For
                 the
                 Thebans
                 were
                 overaw'd
                 by
                 a
                 Garrison
                 ;
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 and
                 Argives
                 were
                 tyr'd
                 out
                 with
                 Wars
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ;
                 the
                 Athenians
                 for
                 their
                 Covetousness
                 and
                 Cruelty
                 exercis'd
                 among
                 those
                 they
                 had
                 Subdu'd
                 ,
                 were
                 despis'd
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 all
                 were
                 afraid
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 very
                 Populous
                 ,
                 expert
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 unweari'd
                 in
                 their
                 Attempts
                 :
                 Insomuch
                 that
                 the
                 greatest
                 of
                 the
                 Princes
                 in
                 those
                 times
                 (
                 I
                 mean
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 and
                 Dyonysius
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Sicily
                 )
                 Courted
                 the
                 Spartans
                 and
                 were
                 ambitious
                 of
                 their
                 Alliance
                 .
              
               
                 Afterward
                 when
                 Nico
                 govern'd
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 Six
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 were
                 Created
                 
                 Consuls
                 at
                 
                   Rome
                   ;
                   Lucius
                   Papyrius
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Cornelius
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Manlius
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Servilius
                   ,
                   Valerius
                   Aulius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Quintius
                   Fabius
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 enter'd
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 into
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 Restor'd
                 the
                 Hipponiats
                 to
                 their
                 City
                 ,
                 whence
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 Expuls'd
                 ,
                 and
                 kindly
                 receiv'd
                 
                 all
                 the
                 Exiles
                 that
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 them
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 .
              
               
                 Not
                 long
                 after
                 a
                 great
                 Plague
                 happen'd
                 in
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 which
                 Raging
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 ,
                 
                 swept
                 away
                 abundance
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 great
                 danger
                 to
                 have
                 lost
                 their
                 Sovereignty
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Africans
                 slighted
                 and
                 deserted
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitant
                 ;
                 of
                 Sardinia
                 (
                 supposing
                 they
                 had
                 now
                 a
                 fit
                 opportunity
                 )
                 Revolted
                 ,
                 and
                 rose
                 up
                 in
                 Arms
                 against
                 them
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 a
                 Remarkable
                 Judgment
                 of
                 God
                 fell
                 upon
                 Carthage
                 
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 all
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 in
                 an
                 uproar
                 ,
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Tumult
                 ,
                 Fear
                 ,
                 and
                 Horrour
                 ;
                 and
                 many
                 running
                 Arm'd
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Houses
                 (
                 as
                 if
                 an
                 Enemy
                 had
                 entr'd
                 the
                 Place
                 )
                 Fought
                 ,
                 Wounded
                 and
                 Killd
                 one
                 another
                 in
                 the
                 Streets
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 Gods
                 being
                 Appeas'd
                 by
                 Sacrifices
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 deliver'd
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 sad
                 Afflictions
                 ,
                 they
                 presently
                 Subdu'd
                 the
                 Africans
                 ,
                 and
                 Recover'd
                 Sardinia
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 when
                 Nausinicus
                 chief
                 Governor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 four
                 Military
                 
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 
                   Marcus
                   Cornelius
                   ,
                   Servilius
                   Quinctius
                   ,
                   Marcus
                   Furius
                
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Quinctius
                
                 were
                 Cloth'd
                 with
                 the
                 Consular
                 dignity
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 the
                 Beotian
                 War
                 (
                 so
                 call'd
                 )
                 broke
                 out
                 ,
                 between
                 the
                 Beotians
                 and
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 upon
                 the
                 Accounts
                 following
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 against
                 all
                 Law
                 and
                 Justice
                 forcibly
                 detain'd
                 the
                 Citadel
                 of
                 Cadmea
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 forc'd
                 many
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 to
                 fly
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Countrey
                 :
                 The
                 Exiles
                 therefore
                 upon
                 a
                 private
                 Consult
                 among
                 themselves
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 )
                 return'd
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 into
                 their
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 kill'd
                 all
                 those
                 they
                 judg'd
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 surprizing
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 Houses
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 asleep
                 ;
                 then
                 they
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 all
                 
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 to
                 appear
                 for
                 their
                 Liberties
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 of
                 Thebes
                 readily
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 their
                 assistance
                 ;
                 and
                 getting
                 into
                 a
                 Body
                 ,
                 clapt
                 about
                 Cadmea
                 at
                 break
                 of
                 Day
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Garrison
                 that
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 Citadel
                 ,
                 which
                 consisted
                 of
                 no
                 fewer
                 than
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 Men
                 ,
                 sent
                 a
                 Messenger
                 to
                 Sparta
                 to
                 inform
                 them
                 of
                 the
                 Insurrection
                 in
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 desire
                 Aid
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 .
                 However
                 
                 
                 they
                 from
                 the
                 Bastions
                 in
                 the
                 Citadel
                 beat
                 off
                 the
                 Besiegers
                 ,
                 killing
                 and
                 wounding
                 many
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 the
                 Thebans
                 concluding
                 that
                 great
                 Forces
                 would
                 be
                 brought
                 out
                 of
                 Greece
                 to
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 to
                 put
                 them
                 in
                 mind
                 how
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 assisted
                 by
                 the
                 Thebans
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 when
                 they
                 rescu'd
                 their
                 Commonwealth
                 from
                 the
                 Slavery
                 they
                 suffer'd
                 under
                 the
                 Thirty
                 Tyrants
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 press
                 them
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 hasten
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 force
                 they
                 had
                 to
                 help
                 them
                 to
                 Reduce
                 Cadmea
                 ,
                 before
                 any
                 Aid
                 came
                 from
                 Sparta
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 heard
                 what
                 was
                 desir'd
                 by
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 decreed
                 that
                 without
                 delay
                 ,
                 a
                 Strong
                 and
                 Considerable
                 Army
                 should
                 be
                 sent
                 to
                 help
                 them
                 
                 to
                 regain
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 demonstrate
                 their
                 Gratitude
                 for
                 their
                 former
                 Services
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 hoping
                 thereby
                 so
                 to
                 oblige
                 the
                 Thebans
                 as
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 ever
                 find
                 them
                 fast
                 and
                 constant
                 Friends
                 to
                 assist
                 them
                 at
                 all
                 times
                 ,
                 against
                 the
                 growing
                 and
                 boundless
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Thebans
                 were
                 lookt
                 upon
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 Inferior
                 to
                 any
                 in
                 Greece
                 ,
                 for
                 number
                 or
                 valour
                 of
                 Men.
                 In
                 conclusion
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 made
                 Demophoon
                 General
                 over
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 who
                 drew
                 out
                 before
                 Day
                 next
                 Morning
                 ,
                 and
                 hasted
                 away
                 with
                 a
                 swift
                 March
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 be
                 before
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ;
                 however
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 were
                 ready
                 and
                 prepar'd
                 to
                 March
                 out
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Forces
                 into
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Thebans
                 had
                 occasion
                 for
                 them
                 .
                 Demophoon
                 with
                 great
                 expedition
                 (
                 beyond
                 expectation
                 )
                 appear'd
                 in
                 view
                 of
                 them
                 of
                 Thebes
                 ;
                 and
                 Souldiers
                 came
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 like
                 Zeal
                 and
                 Earnestness
                 from
                 other
                 Cities
                 of
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Thebans
                 had
                 now
                 a
                 numerous
                 Army
                 ,
                 consisting
                 of
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Twelve
                 thousand
                 
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 about
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 Chearfully
                 and
                 Readily
                 bestirr'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 Besiege
                 the
                 Citadel
                 .
                 The
                 Army
                 divided
                 themselves
                 into
                 parties
                 ,
                 and
                 assaulted
                 the
                 Place
                 by
                 turns
                 ,
                 persisting
                 without
                 any
                 Cessation
                 Night
                 and
                 Day
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 they
                 in
                 the
                 Castle
                 (
                 incourag'd
                 by
                 their
                 Officers
                 )
                 bore
                 the
                 Brunt
                 with
                 great
                 Courage
                 ;
                 hoping
                 to
                 receive
                 speedy
                 Succours
                 from
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 :
                 And
                 indeed
                 they
                 Valiantly
                 stood
                 it
                 out
                 while
                 they
                 had
                 any
                 Victuals
                 left
                 ,
                 killing
                 and
                 wounding
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Assailants
                 ,
                 having
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 Fort.
                 But
                 when
                 their
                 Provision
                 grew
                 low
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 lingr'd
                 in
                 sending
                 Relief
                 ,
                 the
                 Garrison
                 began
                 to
                 Mutiny
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 were
                 for
                 the
                 standing
                 of
                 it
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 Man
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Auxiliaries
                 from
                 the
                 Confederate
                 Cities
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 the
                 greater
                 number
                 )
                 were
                 for
                 delivering
                 it
                 up
                 ;
                 so
                 the
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 but
                 few
                 ,
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 Surrender
                 the
                 Citadel
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 dismiss'd
                 according
                 to
                 Articles
                 ,
                 return'd
                 to
                 Peleponnesus
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 
                 came
                 with
                 their
                 Army
                 to
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 but
                 having
                 lost
                 their
                 opportunity
                 through
                 the
                 slowness
                 of
                 their
                 March
                 ,
                 all
                 was
                 to
                 no
                 purpose
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 Try'd
                 three
                 of
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Garrison
                 by
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 Condemn'd
                 two
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 Die
                 ,
                 and
                 impos'd
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Mulct
                 and
                 Fine
                 upon
                 the
                 Third
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 never
                 able
                 to
                 pay
                 it
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 the
                 Athenians
                 return'd
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Thebans
                 spent
                 much
                 time
                 in
                 vain
                 in
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Thespis
                 .
                 During
                 these
                 affairs
                 the
                 Romans
                 sent
                 a
                 Colony
                 of
                 Five
                 
                 hundred
                 Citizens
                 into
                 Sardinia
                 upon
                 Terms
                 of
                 being
                 free
                 from
                 Tribute
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 when
                 Callias
                 was
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 four
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Papyrius
                   ,
                   Marcus
                
                 *
                 Publius
                 ,
                 †
                 Titus
                 *
                 Cornelius
                 ,
                 and
                 †
                 
                   Quintus
                   Lucius
                
                 were
                 honour'd
                 with
                 the
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 at
                 Rome
                 (
                 after
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 had
                 miscarried
                 at
                 Thebes
                 )
                 The
                 Beotians
                 took
                 Courage
                 ,
                 and
                 entring
                 into
                 Associations
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 foresaw
                 that
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 would
                 presently
                 enter
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Body
                 into
                 Beotia
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Athenians
                 likewise
                 sent
                 Persons
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Quality
                 amongst
                 them
                 to
                 persuade
                 the
                 Cities
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 neglect
                 the
                 present
                 Opportunity
                 now
                 offer'd
                 to
                 recover
                 their
                 Liberties
                 .
                 For
                 indeed
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 were
                 grown
                 to
                 that
                 height
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 Lorded
                 it
                 with
                 great
                 Pride
                 and
                 Oppression
                 over
                 their
                 Subjects
                 :
                 Therefore
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 inclin'd
                 to
                 comply
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 that
                 made
                 a
                 defection
                 were
                 they
                 of
                 Chios
                 and
                 Byzantium
                 ,
                 after
                 them
                 Rhodes
                 and
                 Mitylene
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Islands
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Commotions
                 and
                 Disturbances
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 increasing
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 join'd
                 with
                 Athens
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 encourag'd
                 by
                 this
                 Confederacy
                 ,
                 Decreed
                 a
                 general
                 Diet
                 or
                 Senate
                 of
                 some
                 chosen
                 
                 out
                 of
                 every
                 City
                 ,
                 from
                 among
                 all
                 their
                 Allies
                 ,
                 to
                 Consult
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 state
                 of
                 affairs
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 was
                 agreed
                 by
                 common
                 Consent
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Senate
                 should
                 sit
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 every
                 City
                 ,
                 whether
                 great
                 or
                 small
                 ,
                 should
                 send
                 only
                 one
                 Representative
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 should
                 be
                 govern'd
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 ,
                 but
                 under
                 the
                 Conduct
                 and
                 Administration
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
              
               
               
                 However
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 tho'
                 they
                 saw
                 the
                 Current
                 and
                 Tide
                 so
                 strong
                 as
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 Stem
                 it
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 endeavour'd
                 all
                 they
                 could
                 by
                 fair
                 Words
                 ;
                 and
                 many
                 specious
                 promises
                 ,
                 to
                 Court
                 the
                 Deserters
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 their
                 Obedience
                 ;
                 not
                 neglecting
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 to
                 prepare
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 they
                 discern'd
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 Great
                 and
                 of
                 long
                 Continuance
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 other
                 Grecicans
                 ,
                 (
                 met
                 together
                 in
                 that
                 publick
                 Assembly
                 )
                 all
                 joyn'd
                 with
                 the
                 Thebans
                 .
              
               
                 Whilst
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 acting
                 in
                 
                   Greece
                   ,
                   Acoris
                
                 King
                 of
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 before
                 
                 bearing
                 a
                 grudge
                 to
                 the
                 Persian
                 King
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 of
                 Foreigners
                 from
                 all
                 parts
                 .
                 For
                 giving
                 large
                 Pay
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 otherwise
                 very
                 Bountiful
                 ,
                 he
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Grecians
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 ;
                 who
                 listed
                 themselves
                 into
                 his
                 Service
                 .
                 But
                 wanting
                 a
                 skilful
                 General
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 for
                 Chabrias
                 the
                 Athenians
                 an
                 excellent
                 Commander
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 ,
                 who
                 undertook
                 the
                 Employment
                 ,
                 but
                 without
                 the
                 consent
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 prepar'd
                 himself
                 with
                 all
                 diligence
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 But
                 Pharnabazus
                 declar'd
                 Commander
                 in
                 Chief
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 having
                 made
                 great
                 preparations
                 of
                 Mony
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 to
                 Athens
                 to
                 complain
                 
                 against
                 Chabrias
                 ,
                 letting
                 them
                 know
                 that
                 by
                 his
                 accepting
                 of
                 the
                 chief
                 Command
                 under
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 greatly
                 Alienated
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 from
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 demanded
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 send
                 to
                 him
                 Iphicrates
                 ,
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 who
                 made
                 it
                 their
                 great
                 Concern
                 to
                 stand
                 right
                 in
                 the
                 Kings
                 good
                 Opinion
                 and
                 to
                 keep
                 Pharnabazus
                 firm
                 to
                 their
                 Interest
                 )
                 
                 without
                 delay
                 recall'd
                 Chabrias
                 out
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 Iphicrates
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 and
                 Athenians
                 some
                 years
                 before
                 had
                 struck
                 up
                 a
                 Peace
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ,
                 which
                 continu'd
                 to
                 this
                 very
                 time
                 .
                 But
                 after
                 that
                 Sphodriades
                 was
                 made
                 General
                 
                 by
                 the
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 (
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 a
                 proud
                 and
                 haughty
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 rash
                 and
                 headstrong
                 )
                 Cleombrotus
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 King
                 egg'd
                 him
                 on
                 to
                 surprize
                 the
                 Pireum
                 at
                 Athens
                 without
                 the
                 assent
                 of
                 the
                 Ephori
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 heavy
                 Arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 he
                 attempts
                 to
                 enter
                 the
                 Pireum
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Treachery
                 being
                 detected
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 his
                 project
                 came
                 to
                 nought
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 return'd
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 :
                 And
                 tho'
                 he
                 was
                 brought
                 before
                 the
                 Senate
                 at
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 for
                 this
                 rash
                 and
                 inconsiderate
                 Action
                 ,
                 yet
                 being
                 Patroniz'd
                 by
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 against
                 all
                 Law
                 and
                 Justice
                 discharg'd
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 being
                 incens'd
                 with
                 this
                 apparent
                 abuse
                 ,
                 publish'd
                 a
                 Decree
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 had
                 openly
                 violated
                 the
                 League
                 ,
                 that
                 War
                 should
                 be
                 made
                 upon
                 them
                 for
                 the
                 repair
                 of
                 the
                 Injury
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 therefore
                 
                   Timotheus
                   ,
                   Chabrias
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Calliffratus
                 (
                 Men
                 of
                 great
                 Account
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 made
                 Generals
                 for
                 this
                 Expedition
                 )
                 were
                 Commission'd
                 to
                 raise
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 of
                 Corsleteers
                 ,
                 and
                 five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Equip
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Sail.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Athenians
                 likewise
                 brought
                 the
                 Thebans
                 as
                 Members
                 into
                 the
                 publick
                 Senate
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 same
                 Terms
                 and
                 Conditions
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 also
                 Enacted
                 by
                 the
                 suffrage
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Lands
                 which
                 had
                 been
                 divided
                 by
                 Lot
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 restor'd
                 to
                 the
                 ancient
                 Proprietors
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 no
                 Athenian
                 should
                 challenge
                 any
                 Right
                 to
                 any
                 Lands
                 that
                 lay
                 out
                 of
                 Attica
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 fair
                 dealing
                 the
                 Athenians
                 regain'd
                 the
                 love
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 again
                 strengthen'd
                 themselves
                 in
                 their
                 Government
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 cause
                 which
                 mov'd
                 many
                 other
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 to
                 side
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 The
                 chiefest
                 Cities
                 of
                 Eubea
                 (
                 except
                 Actia
                 )
                 with
                 great
                 Heat
                 and
                 Zeal
                 enter'd
                 into
                 an
                 Association
                 with
                 Athens
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 of
                 Actia
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 many
                 kindnesses
                 from
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 had
                 been
                 grievously
                 oppress'd
                 and
                 harrass'd
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 they
                 bore
                 an
                 implacable
                 hatred
                 towards
                 the
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 stuck
                 close
                 and
                 firm
                 in
                 their
                 Alliance
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 In
                 sum
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 seventy
                 Cities
                 that
                 entred
                 into
                 this
                 Confederacy
                 and
                 Association
                 ,
                 all
                 which
                 had
                 Voices
                 upon
                 the
                 same
                 Terms
                 and
                 Conditions
                 in
                 the
                 Senate
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 increasing
                 every
                 Day
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 of
                 Sparta
                 decreasing
                 ,
                 these
                 two
                 Cities
                 began
                 now
                 again
                 to
                 lie
                 in
                 equal
                 Ballance
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Athenians
                 therefore
                 (
                 who
                 saw
                 all
                 things
                 go
                 forward
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 hearts
                 desire
                 )
                 transport'd
                 Forces
                 into
                 Eubea
                 both
                 to
                 fix
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 suppress
                 their
                 Foes
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Island
                 one
                 Neogenes
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 these
                 times
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 Jason
                 
                 of
                 Pherus
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Band
                 of
                 Men
                 had
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Citadel
                 of
                 Actea
                 ,
                 and
                 declar'd
                 himself
                 King
                 of
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 *
                 Oropus
                 .
                 But
                 governing
                 proudly
                 and
                 Tyrannically
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 sent
                 Therippidas
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 would
                 have
                 perswaded
                 him
                 by
                 fair
                 means
                 to
                 leave
                 the
                 Castle
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 so
                 wrought
                 upon
                 ,
                 he
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 near
                 adjoining
                 to
                 recover
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 Castle
                 by
                 storm
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 the
                 Oropians
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 freedom
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 reason
                 the
                 Hestrieans
                 always
                 lov'd
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 kept
                 a
                 firm
                 League
                 of
                 Friendship
                 
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 Chabrias
                 the
                 General
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Forces
                 sent
                 from
                 Athens
                 ,
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Hestreians
                 ,
                 and
                 wall'd
                 Metropolis
                 (
                 as
                 't
                 is
                 call'd
                 )
                 situated
                 upon
                 a
                 Hill
                 naturally
                 fortify'd
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 there
                 a
                 Garison
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 sail'd
                 to
                 the
                 Cyclade
                 Islands
                 ,
                 and
                 reduc'd
                 Peparethus
                 and
                 Sciathus
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 Subject
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 :
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 saw
                 that
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 put
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 the
                 Defection
                 of
                 their
                 
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 they
                 laid
                 aside
                 their
                 Severity
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 other
                 Measures
                 to
                 win
                 the
                 Cities
                 by
                 more
                 gentle
                 Methods
                 :
                 And
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 they
                 gain'd
                 upon
                 those
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 that
                 were
                 yet
                 left
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 they
                 discern'd
                 that
                 the
                 War
                 was
                 coming
                 on
                 apace
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 great
                 care
                 was
                 requir'd
                 for
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 their
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 among
                 other
                 Preparations
                 they
                 diligently
                 apply'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 put
                 their
                 Army
                 into
                 a
                 better
                 posture
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 more
                 aptly
                 to
                 dispose
                 of
                 their
                 Troops
                 and
                 Regiments
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 have
                 their
                 Forts
                 and
                 Garisons
                 more
                 faithfully
                 kept
                 and
                 secur'd
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 divided
                 their
                 Cities
                 and
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 there
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 War
                 ,
                 into
                 Ten
                 parts
                 :
                 The
                 first
                 were
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ;
                 the
                 second
                 and
                 third
                 ,
                 Arcadians
                 ;
                 the
                 fourth
                 ,
                 Eleans
                 ;
                 the
                 fifth
                 ,
                 Acheans
                 ;
                 the
                 sixth
                 ,
                 Corinthians
                 and
                 Megareans
                 ;
                 the
                 seventh
                 ,
                 
                   Sicyons
                   ,
                   Phliasians
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Acteans
                 ;
                 the
                 eighth
                 ,
                 Acarnanians
                 ;
                 the
                 ninth
                 ,
                 Phocians
                 and
                 Locrians
                 ;
                 the
                 last
                 ,
                 Olinthians
                 and
                 Confederates
                 of
                 Thrace
                 .
                 The
                 manner
                 and
                 way
                 of
                 their
                 Order
                 and
                 Marshalling
                 was
                 thus
                 :
                 One
                 Corsleteer
                 ,
                 or
                 heavy-arm'd
                 Soldier
                 ,
                 was
                 accounted
                 equal
                 to
                 two
                 lightly
                 arm'd
                 ;
                 and
                 one
                 Horseman
                 to
                 four
                 heavy-arm'd
                 Footmen
                 .
                 The
                 Army
                 thus
                 dispos'd
                 ,
                 King
                 Agesilaus
                 was
                 made
                 Generalissimo
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 famous
                 
                 both
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 and
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 and
                 never
                 had
                 been
                 worsted
                 in
                 any
                 Encounter
                 to
                 that
                 very
                 time
                 :
                 For
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 highly
                 admir'd
                 in
                 other
                 Wars
                 ,
                 so
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 by
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 against
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 he
                 routed
                 Armies
                 far
                 greater
                 than
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 bore
                 down
                 all
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 wasting
                 and
                 spoiling
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 Asia
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 the
                 Spartans
                 had
                 not
                 call'd
                 him
                 home
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 Urgency
                 of
                 Affairs
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 )
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 been
                 far
                 from
                 ruining
                 the
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Persia
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 very
                 brisk
                 and
                 daring
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 withal
                 prudent
                 ,
                 addicting
                 himself
                 to
                 Great
                 and
                 Noble
                 Actions
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Spartans
                 (
                 when
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 requir'd
                 a
                 Skilful
                 Commander
                 )
                 chose
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 General
                 above
                 all
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Agesilaus
                 enter'd
                 Boeotia
                 with
                 above
                 Eighteen
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 were
                 five
                 Regiments
                 of
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 every
                 Regiment
                 consisting
                 of
                 Five
                 hundred
                 .
                 
                 The
                 Lacedaemonian
                 Band
                 call'd
                 the
                 *
                 Scirite
                 ,
                 join'd
                 not
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ;
                 but
                 kept
                 their
                 proper
                 Post
                 round
                 about
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 always
                 were
                 ready
                 to
                 succour
                 that
                 part
                 that
                 was
                 most
                 prest
                 upon
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 it
                 was
                 made
                 up
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 of
                 
                 the
                 greatest
                 Esteem
                 of
                 any
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 commonly
                 instrumental
                 to
                 the
                 gaining
                 of
                 every
                 Victory
                 .
                 Besides
                 the
                 Foot
                 before
                 mention'd
                 ,
                 Agesilaus
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Thespis
                 (
                 a
                 Lacedaemonian
                 Garison
                 )
                 he
                 encamp'd
                 near
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 to
                 refresh
                 his
                 Army
                 after
                 their
                 long
                 March.
                 
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Athenians
                 heard
                 that
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 had
                 enter'd
                 into
                 Baectia
                 ,
                 they
                 forthwith
                 sent
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 to
                 the
                 Aid
                 of
                 Thebes
                 .
                 The
                 Thebans
                 having
                 muster'd
                 and
                 rendezvous'd
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 a
                 Hill
                 which
                 ran
                 out
                 a
                 great
                 length
                 ,
                 distant
                 twenty
                 Stages
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 posted
                 themselves
                 there
                 for
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Ground
                 (
                 being
                 difficult
                 of
                 access
                 )
                 and
                 there
                 waited
                 for
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 great
                 Reputation
                 of
                 Agesilaus
                 did
                 so
                 terrifie
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 durst
                 not
                 engage
                 with
                 him
                 upon
                 equal
                 Terms
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Field
                 .
                 Agesilaus
                 now
                 advances
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 against
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 ;
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 near
                 the
                 Enemy
                 (
                 to
                 make
                 trial
                 whether
                 they
                 had
                 a
                 mind
                 to
                 fight
                 )
                 he
                 sent
                 out
                 against
                 them
                 some
                 light-arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 soon
                 beaten
                 back
                 by
                 the
                 Thebans
                 from
                 the
                 higher
                 Ground
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 (
                 to
                 strike
                 them
                 with
                 the
                 more
                 Terror
                 )
                 he
                 drew
                 out
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 in
                 Battalia
                 upon
                 them
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 Chabrias
                 the
                 Athenian
                 ,
                 Commander
                 of
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 order'd
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 appear
                 in
                 a
                 posture
                 of
                 Defiance
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 to
                 stand
                 in
                 their
                 Ranks
                 and
                 Orders
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Shields
                 laid
                 down
                 at
                 their
                 Feet
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 their
                 Spears
                 advanced
                 ,
                 so
                 to
                 present
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 view
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 obey'd
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 Word
                 of
                 Command
                 .
                 Agesilaus
                 admiring
                 their
                 excellent
                 Order
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 
                 Contempt
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 thought
                 it
                 not
                 safe
                 to
                 attempt
                 to
                 force
                 up
                 those
                 steep
                 Places
                 .
                 and
                 to
                 try
                 their
                 Valour
                 at
                 such
                 Disadvantages
                 ,
                 having
                 experienc'd
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 violent
                 pressing
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 necessitated
                 to
                 stand
                 it
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 extremity
                 .
                 Therefore
                 he
                 did
                 all
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 provoke
                 them
                 to
                 descend
                 into
                 the
                 Plain
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 get
                 them
                 to
                 stir
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 out
                 a
                 Phalanx
                 of
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Party
                 of
                 light
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoiled
                 the
                 Country
                 without
                 controul
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 together
                 abundance
                 of
                 Prey
                 and
                 Plunder
                 .
                 But
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 order'd
                 to
                 attend
                 upon
                 Agesilaus
                 as
                 his
                 Council
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Colonels
                 and
                 Captains
                 of
                 the
                 Regiments
                 wondering
                 that
                 he
                 being
                 ever
                 accounted
                 a
                 valiant
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 good
                 Soldier
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 far
                 stronger
                 than
                 the
                 
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 should
                 notwithstanding
                 wave
                 an
                 Engagement
                 .
                 Agesilaus
                 gave
                 them
                 this
                 Answer
                 ,
                 That
                 now
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 were
                 Conquerors
                 without
                 fighting
                 ,
                 since
                 the
                 Thebans
                 durst
                 not
                 move
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 place
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 the
                 spoiling
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 should
                 force
                 them
                 to
                 fight
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 willingly
                 yielded
                 the
                 Victory
                 ,
                 the
                 uncertain
                 Fortune
                 of
                 War
                 might
                 be
                 such
                 as
                 might
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 ruin
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 .
                 The
                 Man
                 by
                 this
                 Conception
                 of
                 his
                 seem'd
                 modestly
                 to
                 foretel
                 the
                 Event
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 which
                 follow'd
                 after
                 did
                 clearly
                 evince
                 ,
                 That
                 what
                 he
                 said
                 was
                 the
                 Oracle
                 of
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 the
                 meer
                 Voice
                 of
                 a
                 Man.
                 For
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 within
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Thebans
                 with
                 a
                 numerous
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 them
                 to
                 fight
                 for
                 their
                 Liberties
                 ,
                 involv'd
                 themselves
                 in
                 unspeakable
                 Calamities
                 :
                 For
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 routed
                 at
                 the
                 Battle
                 
                 of
                 Leuctra
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 their
                 Citizens
                 were
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 was
                 their
                 King
                 Cleombrtus
                 .
                 And
                 afterwards
                 at
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Mantinea
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 utterly
                 ruin'd
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 beyond
                 all
                 Men's
                 thoughts
                 of
                 any
                 such
                 thing
                 )
                 quite
                 lost
                 the
                 Sove
                 raignty
                 of
                 Greece
                 :
                 
                   For
                   in
                   this
                   Fight
                   (
                   especially
                   )
                   Fortune
                   made
                   it
                   her
                   Business
                   to
                   bring
                   swift
                   Destruction
                   upon
                   the
                   Proud
                   and
                   Haughty
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   teach
                   Men
                   not
                   to
                   aspire
                   beyond
                   the
                   Bounds
                   of
                   Moderation
                   and
                   Modesty
                   .
                
                 So
                 that
                 Agesilaus
                 acted
                 prudently
                 in
                 being
                 content
                 in
                 his
                 former
                 good
                 Success
                 ,
                 and
                 preserving
                 his
                 Army
                 entire
                 without
                 loss
                 or
                 prejudice
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 Agesilaus
                 march'd
                 back
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Peloponnesus
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 now
                 deliver'd
                 from
                 the
                 Danger
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 by
                 the
                 Conduct
                 of
                 Chabrias
                 ,
                 highly
                 admir'd
                 his
                 witty
                 Stratagem
                 ;
                 who
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 perform'd
                 many
                 Noble
                 Exploits
                 in
                 the
                 Wars
                 yet
                 he
                 glory'd
                 more
                 in
                 this
                 than
                 in
                 all
                 others
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 favour
                 of
                 the
                 
                 People
                 procur'd
                 Statues
                 to
                 be
                 erected
                 in
                 memory
                 of
                 the
                 Project
                 ,
                 representing
                 the
                 thing
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 done
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 departure
                 of
                 Agesilaus
                 ,
                 set
                 upon
                 Thespiae
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Guard
                 ,
                 which
                 consisted
                 of
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Men
                 ;
                 but
                 making
                 several
                 Assaults
                 upon
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 tho'
                 all
                 in
                 vain
                 ,
                 they
                 drew
                 off
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 their
                 return
                 with
                 their
                 Forces
                 to
                 Thebes
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Phebidas
                 the
                 Lacedaemonian
                 ,
                 the
                 Governour
                 of
                 Thespiae
                 (
                 who
                 kept
                 the
                 Place
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Garison
                 )
                 made
                 a
                 Sally
                 upon
                 the
                 Thebans
                 in
                 their
                 retreat
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 his
                 pressing
                 on
                 too
                 rashly
                 (
                 after
                 many
                 Wounds
                 receiv'd
                 ,
                 and
                 signalizing
                 his
                 Valour
                 )
                 he
                 lost
                 his
                 own
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lives
                 of
                 above
                 Five
                 hundred
                 of
                 his
                 Fellows
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 march'd
                 against
                 Thebes
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Army
                 :
                 And
                 then
                 again
                 the
                 Thebans
                 possest
                 themselves
                 of
                 some
                 other
                 Places
                 that
                 were
                 of
                 difficult
                 access
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 they
                 did
                 indeed
                 hinder
                 the
                 wasting
                 and
                 spoiling
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 but
                 dar'd
                 not
                 at
                 first
                 to
                 engage
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 in
                 the
                 Plain
                 .
                 But
                 upon
                 the
                 appearance
                 of
                 Agesilaus
                 
                 in
                 the
                 Van
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 they
                 began
                 to
                 march
                 slowly
                 towards
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 long
                 time
                 the
                 Armies
                 at
                 length
                 engag'd
                 with
                 great
                 Heat
                 and
                 Fury
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 first
                 Agesilaus
                 had
                 the
                 advantage
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 discern'd
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 of
                 Thebes
                 to
                 sally
                 out
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 
                 sounded
                 a
                 Retreat
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Thebans
                 judging
                 themselves
                 nothing
                 inferior
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 erected
                 a
                 Trophy
                 ,
                 and
                 never
                 after
                 stuck
                 to
                 engage
                 with
                 the
                 Spartans
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 issue
                 of
                 the
                 Fights
                 at
                 Land.
                 
              
               
                 But
                 about
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 Fight
                 at
                 Sea
                 between
                 Naxus
                 and
                 Paros
                 ,
                 upon
                 this
                 occasion
                 :
                 Pollis
                 the
                 Lacedaemonian
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 had
                 intelligence
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 quantity
                 of
                 Corn
                 that
                 was
                 passing
                 by
                 Sea
                 to
                 Athens
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 Business
                 to
                 lie
                 in
                 wait
                 to
                 surprize
                 the
                 Transport-Ships
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 (
                 being
                 inform'd
                 of
                 the
                 Design
                 )
                 sent
                 out
                 a
                 Fleet
                 to
                 guard
                 the
                 Ships
                 loaden
                 with
                 the
                 Provision
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 them
                 all
                 into
                 the
                 Pireum
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 Chabrias
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Admiral
                 sail'd
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 to
                 Naxus
                 ,
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 battering
                 it
                 with
                 his
                 Engines
                 ,
                 us'd
                 his
                 utmost
                 endeavour
                 to
                 take
                 it
                 by
                 storm
                 :
                 But
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 earnest
                 in
                 prosecuting
                 his
                 Design
                 ,
                 Pollis
                 the
                 Lacedaemonian
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 came
                 up
                 with
                 his
                 Fleet
                 to
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Naxians
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Fleets
                 engag'd
                 charging
                 one
                 another
                 in
                 a
                 Line
                 of
                 Battel
                 .
                 Pollis
                 had
                 a
                 Navy
                 of
                 Sixty
                 five
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 Chabrias
                 Eighty
                 three
                 .
                 Pollis
                 in
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 valiantly
                 charg'd
                 the
                 Athenians
                 in
                 the
                 Left
                 ,
                 Commanded
                 by
                 Cedon
                 the
                 Athenian
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 sunk
                 his
                 Vessel
                 .
                 He
                 fell
                 likewise
                 upon
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 broke
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 pieces
                 with
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 flight
                 .
                 Which
                 Chabrias
                 discerning
                 ,
                 he
                 ordered
                 some
                 Ships
                 near
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 
                 Relief
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 overpower'd
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 rescu'd
                 them
                 :
                 He
                 himself
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 Valour
                 broke
                 in
                 pieces
                 and
                 took
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Enemy's
                 Gallies
                 .
                 But
                 however
                 ,
                 tho'
                 he
                 obtain'd
                 the
                 Victory
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 pursue
                 ,
                 remembring
                 the
                 Battel
                 at
                 Arginusa
                 ,
                 where
                 tho'
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 Victorious
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 People
                 instead
                 of
                 a
                 Reward
                 ,
                 put
                 the
                 Officers
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 only
                 because
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 bury
                 their
                 Parents
                 who
                 were
                 kill'd
                 in
                 that
                 Fight
                 .
                 Fearing
                 therefore
                 the
                 like
                 Fate
                 ,
                 he
                 wav'd
                 the
                 Pursuit
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 up
                 the
                 Citizens
                 swimming
                 and
                 floating
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 preserv'd
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 alive
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 
                 the
                 Dead
                 to
                 be
                 bury'd
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Battel
                 the
                 Athenians
                 lost
                 Eighteen
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 Four
                 and
                 twenty
                 ;
                 and
                 Eight
                 were
                 taken
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 Chabrias
                 crown'd
                 with
                 this
                 glorious
                 Victory
                 ,
                 return'd
                 with
                 great
                 and
                 rich
                 Spoils
                 to
                 the
                 Pireum
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 receiv'd
                 by
                 the
                 Citizens
                 with
                 great
                 Honour
                 and
                 Acclamation
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 First
                 Victory
                 at
                 Sea
                 gain'd
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 since
                 the
                 Peloponnesian
                 War
                 ;
                 for
                 at
                 Cnidus
                 they
                 prevail'd
                 not
                 by
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Forces
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 acted
                 in
                 
                   Greece
                   ,
                   Marcus
                   Manlius
                
                 was
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 at
                 Rome
                 for
                 aspiring
                 to
                 the
                 Monarchy
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 IV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Treballians
                   make
                   Incursions
                   into
                   
                     Thrace
                     .
                     Chabrias
                  
                   the
                   Athenian
                   General
                   Assassinated
                   .
                   The
                   Thebans
                   rout
                   the
                   Spartans
                   at
                   
                     Orchomena
                     .
                     Artaxerxes
                  
                   seeks
                   to
                   make
                   Peace
                   among
                   the
                   Graecians
                   .
                   Peace
                   concluded
                   .
                   The
                   Thebans
                   only
                   disagreed
                   .
                   The
                   Commendation
                   of
                   Epaminondas
                   .
                   Seditions
                   in
                   several
                   Cities
                   of
                   Greece
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHEN
                 Chariander
                 was
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Servius
                   Sulpitius
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Papyrius
                
                 ,
                 
                 *
                 
                   Cornelius
                   Titus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 *
                 
                   Marcus
                   Quintius
                
                 ,
                 Four
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 Consular
                 Authority
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 the
                 Hundred
                 and
                 First
                 Olympiad
                 was
                 celebrated
                 at
                 Elis
                 ,
                 and
                 Damon
                 of
                 Thurium
                 bore
                 away
                 the
                 Prize
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 the
                 Treballians
                 in
                 Thrace
                 (
                 being
                 in
                 great
                 Scarcity
                 of
                 Corn
                 )
                 made
                 an
                 Incursion
                 with
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 into
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 Territories
                 to
                 get
                 Provision
                 .
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 they
                 enter'd
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 the
                 Abderites
                 in
                 another
                 part
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoiled
                 the
                 Country
                 without
                 any
                 Opposition
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 loaden
                 themselves
                 with
                 abundance
                 of
                 Plunder
                 ,
                 they
                 return'd
                 so
                 carelesly
                 and
                 disorderly
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 of
                 Abderita
                 falling
                 upon
                 them
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 scatter'd
                 and
                 dispers'd
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 above
                 Two
                 thousand
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 To
                 revenge
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Exasperated
                 Barbarians
                 made
                 a
                 second
                 Inroad
                 into
                 the
                 Abderites
                 Country
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 being
                 encourag'd
                 by
                 the
                 late
                 Victory
                 ,
                 and
                 strengthen'd
                 with
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 their
                 Neighbour
                 Thracians
                 ,
                 drew
                 up
                 in
                 Battalia
                 against
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 .
                 The
                 Armies
                 furiously
                 engag'd
                 ,
                 
                 when
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 the
                 Thracians
                 drew
                 off
                 and
                 left
                 the
                 Abderites
                 to
                 themselves
                 :
                 Who
                 were
                 presently
                 hemm'd
                 in
                 by
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 every
                 Man
                 cut
                 off
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 this
                 grievous
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 the
                 Abderites
                 was
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 were
                 now
                 ready
                 to
                 be
                 besieg'd
                 ,
                 in
                 comes
                 Chabrias
                 the
                 Athenian
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 only
                 delivers
                 the
                 Abderites
                 ,
                 but
                 drives
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 And
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 
                 strengthen'd
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Garison
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 basely
                 assassinated
                 ,
                 the
                 Person
                 by
                 whom
                 not
                 known
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 Timotheus
                 was
                 made
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 sailing
                 to
                 Cephallenia
                 he
                 block'd
                 up
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 his
                 Navy
                 ,
                 and
                 wrought
                 upon
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Acarnania
                 to
                 side
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 Presently
                 after
                 he
                 enter'd
                 into
                 League
                 with
                 Acetas
                 ,
                 
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Molossians
                 ;
                 and
                 now
                 having
                 in
                 his
                 power
                 all
                 the
                 Countries
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 Cities
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 he
                 routed
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 in
                 a
                 Sea
                 Fight
                 at
                 Leucades
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 this
                 he
                 did
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 short
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 much
                 Ease
                 ,
                 partly
                 by
                 fair
                 Words
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 and
                 his
                 excellent
                 Conduct
                 :
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 gain'd
                 Esteem
                 and
                 Reputation
                 amongst
                 his
                 own
                 Fellow
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 amongst
                 all
                 the
                 Graecians
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 was
                 it
                 with
                 Timotheus
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 During
                 these
                 Transactions
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 (
                 with
                 Five
                 hundred
                 the
                 Valiantest
                 Men
                 of
                 their
                 
                 City
                 )
                 march'd
                 against
                 Orchomena
                 ,
                 and
                 perform'd
                 an
                 Exploit
                 worthy
                 of
                 Memory
                 .
                 The
                 Spartans
                 kept
                 this
                 City
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Garison
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 a
                 Sally
                 upon
                 the
                 Thebans
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 sharp
                 Encounter
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 they
                 routed
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 double
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 which
                 never
                 happen'd
                 to
                 them
                 before
                 in
                 any
                 age
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 thing
                 might
                 *
                 have
                 been
                 born
                 well
                 enough
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 few
                 and
                 had
                 been
                 conquer'd
                 by
                 the
                 far
                 greater
                 number
                 .
                 Henceforth
                 the
                 Courage
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 encreas'd
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 grew
                 every
                 day
                 famous
                 for
                 their
                 Valour
                 :
                 And
                 now
                 it
                 was
                 apparent
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 likely
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 .
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 Writers
                 of
                 this
                 time
                 .
                 Hermeas
                 of
                 Methymna
                 ends
                 his
                 History
                 of
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Sicily
                 with
                 this
                 Year
                 ,
                 comprehended
                 in
                 Ten
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 others
                 divide
                 them
                 ,
                 in
                 Twelve
                 Books
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Year
                 following
                 ,
                 when
                 Hippodamus
                 was
                 Chief
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 viz.
                 *
                 
                   Lucius
                   Valerius
                
                 ,
                 *
                 
                   Crispus
                   Manlius
                   ,
                   Fabius
                
                 *
                 Servilius
                 ,
                 and
                 *
                 
                   Sulpitius
                   Lucretius
                
                 were
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 .
                 Artaxerxes
                 used
                 his
                 utmost
                 Endeavour
                 to
                 quiet
                 all
                 things
                 in
                 Greece
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 raise
                 the
                 more
                 Mercenaries
                 for
                 the
                 Carrying
                 on
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 :
                 For
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 he
                 hop'd
                 the
                 Graecians
                 being
                 freed
                 from
                 Domestick
                 Broils
                 would
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 Condition
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 abroad
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 into
                 Greece
                 to
                 Negotiate
                 in
                 this
                 Affair
                 amongst
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 Embassy
                 was
                 very
                 welcome
                 to
                 the
                 Graecians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 near
                 tyr'd
                 out
                 with
                 continual
                 Wars
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 a
                 General
                 Peace
                 was
                 concluded
                 upon
                 these
                 Conditions
                 :
                 
                   That
                   all
                   the
                   Cities
                   should
                   for
                   the
                   future
                   be
                   govern'd
                   by
                   their
                   own
                   Laws
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   the
                   Garisons
                   be
                   withdrawn
                   .
                
                 And
                 there
                 were
                 certain
                 Grecians
                 appointed
                 as
                 Commissioners
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Garisons
                 drawn
                 out
                 ;
                 who
                 accordingly
                 went
                 to
                 every
                 City
                 where
                 there
                 was
                 any
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 them
                 to
                 leave
                 the
                 Place
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 only
                 through
                 every
                 Town
                 disagreed
                 to
                 these
                 Terms
                 ,
                 and
                 exempted
                 all
                 Beotia
                 as
                 Tributary
                 only
                 to
                 themselves
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 oppos'd
                 this
                 with
                 all
                 earnestness
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 Affair
                 was
                 banded
                 in
                 the
                 Common
                 Assembly
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 by
                 Callistratus
                 a
                 Tribune
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 behalf
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Epaminondas
                 on
                 the
                 behalf
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 after
                 which
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 persisted
                 in
                 their
                 resolution
                 to
                 stand
                 to
                 the
                 League
                 ,
                 leaving
                 out
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 relying
                 upon
                 the
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Prudence
                 of
                 Epaminondas
                 )
                 boldly
                 oppos'd
                 the
                 Decree
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 General
                 
                 Assembly
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 being
                 that
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 and
                 Athenians
                 had
                 been
                 all
                 along
                 hitherto
                 contesting
                 for
                 
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 had
                 agreed
                 upon
                 these
                 Terms
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 should
                 have
                 the
                 Command
                 at
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Athenians
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 very
                 uneasie
                 to
                 think
                 that
                 now
                 a
                 Third
                 should
                 carry
                 away
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 from
                 them
                 both
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 reason
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 allow
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Beotia
                 to
                 be
                 under
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Thebans
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 Men
                 of
                 strong
                 Bodies
                 and
                 stout
                 Hearts
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 lately
                 beaten
                 the
                 Laredaemonians
                 in
                 several
                 Fights
                 )
                 bore
                 themselves
                 very
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 in
                 hopes
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 at
                 Land.
                 Neither
                 were
                 they
                 frustrated
                 in
                 their
                 design
                 for
                 the
                 Reasons
                 before
                 mentioned
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 many
                 Excellent
                 Officers
                 and
                 Valiant
                 Commanders
                 ;
                 amongst
                 whom
                 the
                 most
                 Famous
                 were
                 
                   Pelopidas
                   ,
                   Gorgias
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 Epaminondas
                 ;
                 which
                 last
                 was
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 Best
                 and
                 most
                 Expert
                 Commander
                 of
                 any
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ;
                 and
                 was
                 likewise
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 Learning
                 in
                 the
                 Liberal
                 Sciences
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 in
                 the
                 Pythagorean
                 Philosophy
                 :
                 Being
                 besides
                 of
                 excellent
                 Natural
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 Mother-Wit
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 no
                 wonder
                 if
                 he
                 exceeded
                 others
                 in
                 performing
                 those
                 things
                 that
                 were
                 more
                 than
                 ordinarily
                 remarkable
                 .
                 For
                 with
                 a
                 small
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 he
                 Engag'd
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 routed
                 those
                 (
                 formerly
                 unconquerable
                 )
                 Warriors
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 kill'd
                 their
                 King
                 Cleombrotus
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 almost
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 Spartans
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 his
                 singular
                 Wisdom
                 ,
                 and
                 Virtuous
                 and
                 Liberal
                 Education
                 ,
                 such
                 things
                 were
                 perform'd
                 by
                 him
                 as
                 were
                 *
                 admirable
                 beyond
                 all
                 Expectation
                 .
                 Of
                 which
                 we
                 shall
                 speak
                 more
                 fully
                 hereafter
                 when
                 we
                 come
                 to
                 treat
                 particularly
                 of
                 those
                 Things
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 now
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 our
                 History
                 ;
                 It
                 was
                 agreed
                 ,
                 That
                 every
                 City
                 
                 should
                 govern
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 ;
                 but
                 presently
                 after
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 were
                 again
                 involv'd
                 in
                 great
                 Tumults
                 and
                 Seditions
                 ,
                 especially
                 those
                 in
                 Peloponnesus
                 .
                 Some
                 few
                 of
                 these
                 had
                 been
                 Enslav'd
                 in
                 the
                 late
                 Domineering
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 now
                 restor'd
                 to
                 their
                 Democratical
                 Government
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 but
                 an
                 all
                 Improvement
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 banish'd
                 many
                 Honest
                 Citizens
                 that
                 were
                 falsly
                 Accus'd
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 unjustly
                 Condemn'd
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 prevailing
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Seditious
                 ,
                 nothing
                 was
                 more
                 frequent
                 than
                 Banishment
                 and
                 Confiscation
                 of
                 Goods
                 ;
                 and
                 those
                 chiefly
                 were
                 the
                 Sufferers
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 Magistrates
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedaemonian
                 Government
                 ;
                 for
                 because
                 in
                 those
                 time
                 they
                 carry'd
                 it
                 something
                 imperiously
                 towards
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 not
                 with
                 that
                 regard
                 to
                 Justice
                 as
                 they
                 ought
                 ,
                 now
                 that
                 the
                 Commonalty
                 were
                 restor'd
                 to
                 their
                 Liberty
                 they
                 too
                 much
                 resented
                 their
                 former
                 Injuries
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Exiles
                 therefore
                 of
                 Phialea
                 ,
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 Consulted
                 and
                 Join'd
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 Herea
                 ,
                 a
                 strong
                 and
                 well-fortify'd
                 Castle
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 made
                 frequent
                 Incursions
                 into
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 Phialea
                 .
                 And
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 the
                 Feasts
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 
                 were
                 celebrated
                 ,
                 (
                 upon
                 the
                 sudden
                 )
                 they
                 rush'd
                 upon
                 the
                 People
                 in
                 the
                 Theatre
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Throats
                 ,
                 having
                 before
                 persuaded
                 a
                 considerable
                 Number
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 this
                 wicked
                 Confederacy
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 they
                 return'd
                 to
                 Sparta
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 Exiles
                 of
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 in
                 great
                 numbers
                 at
                 Argos
                 ,
                 determin'd
                 to
                 force
                 their
                 own
                 return
                 .
                 
                 In
                 order
                 hereunto
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Servants
                 and
                 Friends
                 were
                 receiv'd
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 thing
                 being
                 discover'd
                 to
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 ,
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 lie
                 long
                 conceal'd
                 ,
                 but
                 being
                 just
                 ready
                 to
                 be
                 seiz'd
                 (
                 through
                 fear
                 of
                 Punishment
                 )
                 they
                 kill'd
                 one
                 another
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 
                 Corinthians
                 ,
                 upon
                 suspicion
                 that
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 were
                 concern'd
                 in
                 the
                 Plot
                 ,
                 put
                 several
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 Banish'd
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 City
                 Megara
                 likewise
                 some
                 were
                 contriving
                 how
                 to
                 overturn
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 
                 who
                 being
                 convict
                 of
                 the
                 Treason
                 ,
                 many
                 were
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 a
                 few
                 Banish'd
                 So
                 at
                 Sioyon
                 many
                 were
                 Executed
                 upon
                 a
                 full
                 Conviction
                 ,
                 for
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 bring
                 in
                 Innovations
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Philasian
                 Exiles
                 having
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 a
                 Castle
                 in
                 that
                 
                 Territory
                 ,
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 of
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 with
                 the
                 Townsmen
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 having
                 kill'd
                 above
                 Three
                 hundred
                 of
                 the
                 Philasians
                 .
                 But
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 Exiles
                 were
                 betray'd
                 by
                 their
                 Guard
                 ,
                 and
                 routed
                 by
                 them
                 of
                 Philasia
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 Six
                 hundred
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 being
                 forced
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 fled
                 to
                 Argos
                 .
                 And
                 such
                 was
                 the
                 miserable
                 Condition
                 of
                 Peloponnesus
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 V.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Persians
                   send
                   an
                   Army
                   into
                   Aegypt
                   to
                   reduce
                   the
                   Revolters
                   .
                   Iphicrates
                   a
                   skilful
                   Commander
                   .
                   Sedition
                   at
                   
                     Zacynthus
                     .
                     Platea
                  
                   raz'd
                   by
                   the
                   Thebans
                   .
                   The
                   Lacedaemonians
                   seize
                   upon
                   the
                   Island
                   Corcyra
                   ,
                   reliev'd
                   by
                   the
                   Athenians
                   under
                   
                     Ctesides
                     .
                     Evagoras
                  
                   murther'd
                   in
                   Cyprus
                   by
                   an
                   Eunuch
                   .
                   Dreadful
                   Earthquakes
                   and
                   Innundations
                   in
                   Peloponnesus
                   .
                   A
                   great
                   Comet
                   seen
                   in
                   Greece
                   .
                
              
               
                 SOcratides
                 the
                 ensuing
                 Year
                 was
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 Quintus
                 *
                 
                   Crassus
                   ,
                   Servilius
                   Cornelius
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   Sporius
                   Papyrius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 *
                 
                   Fabius
                   Albus
                
                 ,
                 four
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 executed
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 march'd
                 against
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 (
                 who
                 had
                 revolted
                 some
                 time
                 before
                 )
                 the
                 Army
                 was
                 commanded
                 by
                 Pharnabazus
                 ,
                 and
                 Iphicrates
                 the
                 Athenian
                 ;
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 by
                 Pharnabazus
                 ,
                 and
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Mercenaries
                 by
                 Iphicrates
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 in
                 so
                 much
                 favour
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 for
                 his
                 excellent
                 Conduct
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 intrusted
                 him
                 with
                 that
                 Command
                 .
                 Pharnabazus
                 had
                 spent
                 many
                 years
                 in
                 preparation
                 for
                 this
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 Iphicrates
                 therefore
                 ,
                 knowing
                 the
                 readiness
                 of
                 his
                 Tongue
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 slowness
                 of
                 his
                 Actions
                 ,
                 one
                 Day
                 accosted
                 him
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 .
                 
                   That
                   he
                   wonder'd
                   that
                   one
                   who
                   was
                   so
                   voluble
                   in
                   his
                   Speech
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   so
                   slow
                   in
                   Execution
                   .
                
                 To
                 which
                 Pharnabazus
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   was
                   Master
                   of
                   his
                   Words
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   King
                   of
                   his
                   Actions
                   .
                
                 When
                 the
                 King's
                 Forces
                 came
                 to
                 *
                 Aces
                 in
                 Syria
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 there
                 muster'd
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 found
                 Two
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Barbarians
                 to
                 be
                 under
                 the
                 Conduct
                 of
                 Pharnabazus
                 ,
                 and
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Grecians
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Iphicrates
                 .
                 The
                 Number
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 was
                 Three
                 hundred
                 *
                 Gallies
                 of
                 three
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 on
                 a
                 Bank
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 hundred
                 of
                 *
                 Thirty
                 Oars
                 a-piece
                 :
                 And
                 a
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 to
                 carry
                 Provision
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 the
                 Officers
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Forces
                 both
                 at
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 made
                 for
                 Aegypt
                 :
                 When
                 they
                 came
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 ,
                 they
                 found
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 ready
                 and
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 Battel
                 ;
                 for
                 Pharnabazus
                 had
                 been
                 very
                 tedious
                 in
                 this
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 and
                 given
                 the
                 Enemy
                 time
                 enough
                 to
                 prepare
                 for
                 their
                 Defence
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 's
                 the
                 constant
                 practice
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Generals
                 (
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 have
                 no
                 absolute
                 power
                 )
                 upon
                 every
                 special
                 occasion
                 to
                 send
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 know
                 his
                 Pleasure
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 stay
                 till
                 they
                 receive
                 his
                 particular
                 direction
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Nectanabis
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 had
                 perfect
                 knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Forces
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 plac'd
                 his
                 greatest
                 Confidence
                 in
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 the
                 Entrance
                 into
                 Aegypt
                 being
                 very
                 difficult
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Passage
                 block'd
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 by
                 the
                 seven
                 Mouths
                 of
                 Nilus
                 .
                 For
                 at
                 every
                 Mouth
                 
                 where
                 Nile
                 falls
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 City
                 built
                 with
                 large
                 Forts
                 or
                 Castles
                 on
                 either
                 side
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 join'd
                 together
                 by
                 a
                 Bridge
                 of
                 Timber
                 ,
                 which
                 commanded
                 all
                 Ships
                 that
                 sail'd
                 that
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 all
                 these
                 he
                 had
                 most
                 strongly
                 fortify'd
                 Pelusium
                 ;
                 for
                 being
                 the
                 next
                 Frontier
                 Town
                 towards
                 Syria
                 ,
                 they
                 conceiv'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 would
                 first
                 attempt
                 to
                 enter
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 Country
                 that
                 way
                 :
                 Therefore
                 they
                 drew
                 a
                 Trench
                 round
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 there
                 was
                 any
                 place
                 ,
                 whereat
                 any
                 Vessels
                 might
                 in
                 any
                 probability
                 enter
                 ,
                 there
                 they
                 rais'd
                 Walls
                 to
                 obstruct
                 the
                 Passage
                 .
                 And
                 where
                 there
                 were
                 any
                 Fords
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 way
                 lay
                 open
                 into
                 Aegypt
                 by
                 Land
                 ,
                 he
                 brought
                 the
                 Water
                 over
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 where
                 any
                 Ship
                 might
                 pass
                 he
                 fill'd
                 up
                 those
                 Places
                 with
                 Stones
                 and
                 Rubbish
                 .
                 By
                 which
                 means
                 it
                 was
                 very
                 difficult
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 scarce
                 possible
                 ,
                 either
                 for
                 Ships
                 to
                 sail
                 ,
                 or
                 Horse
                 or
                 Foot
                 to
                 march
                 .
                 Pharnabazus
                 
                 his
                 Officers
                 therefore
                 seeing
                 Pelusium
                 so
                 strongly
                 and
                 wonderfully
                 Fortify'd
                 and
                 well
                 Mann'd
                 ,
                 thought
                 it
                 most
                 adviseable
                 to
                 forbear
                 to
                 attempt
                 to
                 enter
                 by
                 Force
                 ,
                 and
                 rather
                 to
                 sail
                 to
                 some
                 other
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour
                 a
                 Passage
                 for
                 the
                 Fleet
                 there
                 .
                 
                 Whereupon
                 they
                 put
                 off
                 to
                 Sea
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 out
                 of
                 Kenning
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 discern'd
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 they
                 steer'd
                 their
                 Course
                 for
                 *
                 Mendesium
                 ,
                 another
                 Mouth
                 of
                 Nile
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Shore
                 runs
                 a
                 great
                 way
                 out
                 from
                 the
                 Main
                 Land.
                 Here
                 they
                 Landed
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 Pharnabazus
                 and
                 Iphicrates
                 assaulted
                 a
                 Fort
                 built
                 upon
                 the
                 very
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 came
                 down
                 with
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 and
                 Foot
                 to
                 the
                 Relief
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ;
                 Upon
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 sharp
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 being
                 over-power'd
                 with
                 Multitude
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 more
                 came
                 in
                 running
                 to
                 them
                 
                 from
                 their
                 Ships
                 )
                 were
                 hemm'd
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 made
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 very
                 few
                 being
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fly
                 into
                 a
                 little
                 Town
                 hard
                 by
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 of
                 Iphicrates
                 enter'd
                 pell
                 mell
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 the
                 Garison
                 into
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 thus
                 taken
                 it
                 by
                 Force
                 they
                 demolish'd
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 as
                 Captives
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 there
                 arose
                 a
                 Difference
                 between
                 the
                 Generals
                 ,
                 which
                 brought
                 all
                 to
                 nought
                 .
                 
                 Iphicrates
                 learnt
                 from
                 the
                 Captives
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Garison
                 call'd
                 Memphis
                 ,
                 which
                 Place
                 was
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Consequence
                 of
                 any
                 throughout
                 all
                 Aegypt
                 ;
                 therefore
                 he
                 advis'd
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 sail
                 with
                 the
                 Fleet
                 thither
                 before
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Aegyptians's
                 Army
                 got
                 together
                 ;
                 but
                 Pharnabazus
                 and
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 were
                 for
                 staying
                 till
                 all
                 the
                 Persian
                 and
                 Land
                 Forces
                 came
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 there
                 would
                 be
                 less
                 danger
                 in
                 the
                 Expedition
                 .
                 But
                 Iphicrates
                 then
                 offer'd
                 to
                 undertake
                 the
                 Reduction
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 those
                 Mercenaries
                 that
                 were
                 then
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 but
                 Liberty
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Pharnabazus
                 grew
                 Envious
                 at
                 the
                 
                 Valour
                 and
                 Confidence
                 of
                 the
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 began
                 to
                 be
                 Jealous
                 lest
                 all
                 Aegypt
                 should
                 be
                 conquer'd
                 only
                 by
                 his
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 deny'd
                 his
                 request
                 .
                 hereupon
                 ,
                 Iphicrates
                 made
                 a
                 Solemn
                 Protestation
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 declaring
                 that
                 all
                 this
                 Expedition
                 would
                 be
                 Fruitless
                 and
                 Vain
                 ,
                 through
                 their
                 Neglect
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 let
                 slip
                 the
                 present
                 Opportunity
                 .
                 But
                 Pharnabazus
                 envy'd
                 him
                 the
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 undeservedly
                 gave
                 him
                 opprobrious
                 Language
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 while
                 ,
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 (
                 having
                 now
                 gain'd
                 more
                 time
                 )
                 put
                 a
                 strong
                 Garison
                 into
                 Memphis
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Army
                 to
                 the
                 little
                 Town
                 before
                 demolished
                 ;
                 and
                 prevailing
                 in
                 sundry
                 skirmishes
                 against
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 they
                 never
                 let
                 them
                 rest
                 ,
                 but
                 growing
                 still
                 stronger
                 and
                 stronger
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 grew
                 every
                 day
                 more
                 obstinate
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Persian
                 Army
                 having
                 now
                 staid
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 about
                 this
                 *
                 Castle
                 ,
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 (
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Etesian
                 Winds
                 )
                 beginning
                 to
                 overflow
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 all
                 the
                 Land
                 was
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Water
                 (
                 whereby
                 Aegypt
                 was
                 now
                 more
                 inaccessable
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 Fortify'd
                 )
                 the
                 Commanders
                 (
                 for
                 that
                 Nature
                 seem'd
                 to
                 Fight
                 against
                 them
                 )
                 resolv'd
                 forthwith
                 to
                 leave
                 Aegypt
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 therefore
                 as
                 they
                 return'd
                 into
                 
                   Asia
                   ,
                   Pharnabazus
                
                 renew'd
                 the
                 Quarrel
                 with
                 Iphicrates
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Iphicrates
                 (
                 fearing
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 laid
                 by
                 the
                 Heels
                 as
                 Conon
                 formerly
                 had
                 been
                 )
                 consulted
                 how
                 to
                 withdraw
                 himself
                 privately
                 from
                 the
                 Camp.
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 ,
                 (
                 having
                 prepar'd
                 a
                 Vessel
                 for
                 his
                 purpose
                 )
                 he
                 went
                 on
                 board
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 sail'd
                 to
                 Athens
                 :
                 But
                 Pharnabazus
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 after
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 accus'd
                 him
                 as
                 being
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 the
                 Miscarriage
                 of
                 the
                 Design
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Reducing
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 .
                 To
                 whom
                 the
                 Athenians
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 Guilty
                 they
                 would
                 punish
                 him
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 
                 Desert
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 they
                 made
                 him
                 Admiral
                 of
                 their
                 whole
                 Fleet.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 this
                 place
                 we
                 think
                 it
                 not
                 much
                 beside
                 our
                 purpose
                 if
                 we
                 say
                 something
                 concerning
                 what
                 is
                 reported
                 of
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 Iphicrates
                 .
                 He
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 very
                 Skilful
                 Commander
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 quick
                 and
                 ready
                 Wit
                 in
                 contriving
                 any
                 useful
                 Project
                 and
                 Stratagem
                 :
                 Having
                 
                 therefore
                 gain'd
                 large
                 Experience
                 and
                 Judgment
                 in
                 Martial
                 Discipline
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 long
                 and
                 continual
                 Exercise
                 in
                 the
                 Wars
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 he
                 found
                 out
                 many
                 things
                 of
                 great
                 advantage
                 in
                 matters
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 especially
                 he
                 employ'd
                 himself
                 in
                 contriving
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 New
                 sorts
                 of
                 Arms.
                 
              
               
                 It
                 was
                 hitherto
                 a
                 Custom
                 among
                 the
                 Graecians
                 to
                 carry
                 great
                 and
                 heavy
                 Shields
                 :
                 But
                 because
                 these
                 by
                 their
                 Weight
                 much
                 hinder'd
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 in
                 their
                 March
                 ,
                 he
                 chang'd
                 the
                 Form
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 Targets
                 of
                 a
                 moderate
                 Size
                 in
                 their
                 room
                 :
                 In
                 which
                 alteration
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 respect
                 to
                 two
                 things
                 ,
                 one
                 that
                 their
                 Bodies
                 should
                 be
                 sufficiently
                 defended
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 their
                 Lightness
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 the
                 more
                 easily
                 manag'd
                 .
                 Experience
                 presently
                 approv'd
                 the
                 Invention
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 who
                 from
                 their
                 Heavy
                 Arms
                 were
                 before
                 call'd
                 Hopliti
                 ,
                 Heavy
                 arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 were
                 from
                 these
                 New
                 Targets
                 call'd
                 Peltasti
                 ,
                 Targateers
                 .
                 He
                 chang'd
                 likewise
                 the
                 Fashion
                 of
                 their
                 Spears
                 and
                 Swords
                 .
                 The
                 Spears
                 he
                 caus'd
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 half
                 as
                 long
                 again
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Swords
                 longer
                 almost
                 by
                 two
                 Parts
                 .
                 This
                 Alteration
                 was
                 likewise
                 presently
                 approv'd
                 by
                 Use
                 and
                 Experience
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Reputation
                 of
                 the
                 General
                 was
                 highly
                 advanc'd
                 by
                 the
                 Usefulness
                 of
                 his
                 Ingenious
                 
                 inventions
                 .
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 he
                 altered
                 the
                 very
                 Soldiers
                 Shoes
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 both
                 be
                 easier
                 to
                 march
                 with
                 and
                 sooner
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 readily
                 cast
                 off
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 they
                 are
                 call'd
                 at
                 tjos
                 very
                 day
                 Iphicraticks
                 .
                 He
                 invented
                 many
                 other
                 things
                 belonging
                 to
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 too
                 tedious
                 here
                 to
                 relate
                 .
                 But
                 thus
                 all
                 that
                 large
                 preparation
                 for
                 an
                 Expedition
                 into
                 Aegypt
                 came
                 to
                 nothing
                 .
              
               
                 During
                 these
                 Affairs
                 the
                 new
                 frame
                 of
                 Government
                 throughout
                 all
                 Greece
                 fill'd
                 the
                 Cities
                 with
                 Tumult
                 and
                 Commotions
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 Anarchy
                 in
                 most
                 places
                 ,
                 Seditions
                 
                 abounded
                 .
                 They
                 who
                 were
                 for
                 an
                 Oligarchy
                 ,
                 had
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 to
                 Patronize
                 them
                 ;
                 Those
                 that
                 appear'd
                 for
                 a
                 Democracy
                 were
                 protected
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 For
                 both
                 the
                 Cities
                 for
                 a
                 while
                 kept
                 the
                 League
                 made
                 between
                 them
                 inviolable
                 .
                 But
                 upon
                 their
                 siding
                 with
                 the
                 Cities
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 inclin'd
                 to
                 the
                 one
                 or
                 the
                 other
                 )
                 without
                 any
                 regard
                 to
                 the
                 former
                 Articles
                 of
                 the
                 Peace
                 ;
                 they
                 presently
                 broke
                 out
                 into
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 *
                 Zacynthus
                 being
                 enrag'd
                 against
                 their
                 Magistrates
                 (
                 encourag'd
                 thereunto
                 under
                 the
                 protection
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 provoked
                 with
                 the
                 memory
                 of
                 their
                 former
                 Injuries
                 )
                 drave
                 them
                 all
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 who
                 fled
                 to
                 Timotheus
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 receiv'd
                 into
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 join'd
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 War.
                 He
                 patroniz'd
                 their
                 Cause
                 ,
                 and
                 transported
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 Island
                 (
                 where
                 they
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 a
                 strong
                 Castle
                 call'd
                 Arcadia
                 )
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 Timotheus
                 ,
                 very
                 much
                 molested
                 and
                 damnify'd
                 the
                 Townsmen
                 .
                 They
                 of
                 Zacynthus
                 desir'd
                 aid
                 from
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 
                 who
                 first
                 (
                 before
                 they
                 would
                 begin
                 a
                 War
                 )
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 Ambassadors
                 accus'd
                 Timotheus
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 discern'd
                 that
                 they
                 inclin'd
                 to
                 favour
                 the
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 they
                 bestirr'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 Equip
                 out
                 a
                 Fleet
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 Mann'd
                 Thirty
                 five
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 aid
                 of
                 the
                 Zacynthians
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Aristocrates
                 .
              
               
                 Whilst
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 in
                 doing
                 ,
                 some
                 in
                 Corcyra
                 that
                 favour'd
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 
                 appear'd
                 against
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 to
                 Sparta
                 to
                 be
                 assisted
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 with
                 some
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 promising
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 Corcyra
                 into
                 their
                 hands
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 they
                 (
                 knowing
                 very
                 well
                 the
                 importance
                 of
                 that
                 Island
                 for
                 the
                 recovery
                 of
                 the
                 Dominion
                 at
                 Sea
                 )
                 hasten'd
                 away
                 to
                 get
                 possession
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 commanded
                 Alcydas
                 to
                 pass
                 over
                 to
                 Corcyra
                 with
                 Two
                 and
                 twenty
                 Sail
                 ;
                 they
                 giving
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Fleet
                 was
                 to
                 go
                 for
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 truth
                 with
                 a
                 design
                 (
                 under
                 colour
                 of
                 being
                 Friends
                 to
                 the
                 Corcyreans
                 )
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 Exiles
                 to
                 seize
                 upon
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 coming
                 to
                 understand
                 the
                 Fraud
                 and
                 intended
                 Cheat
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 strongly
                 fortify'd
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 kept
                 diligent
                 Watch
                 and
                 Ward
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Athens
                 for
                 assistance
                 .
                 Upon
                 
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 decreed
                 to
                 send
                 Succours
                 forthwith
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 the
                 Corcyreans
                 and
                 to
                 them
                 of
                 Zacynthus
                 ;
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Ctesecles
                 was
                 presently
                 sent
                 to
                 Zacynthus
                 to
                 command
                 the
                 Exiles
                 :
                 but
                 the
                 Fleet
                 to
                 be
                 sent
                 to
                 Corcyra
                 was
                 but
                 then
                 in
                 fitting
                 out
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 they
                 of
                 Platea
                 having
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 decreed
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 their
                 City
                 into
                 their
                 protection
                 ,
                 sent
                 for
                 a
                 Garison
                 from
                 Athens
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 the
                 *
                 Governors
                 of
                 Boeotia
                 being
                 exceedingly
                 offended
                 (
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 Athenians
                 )
                 forthwith
                 led
                 out
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 Plateans
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 entred
                 the
                 Confines
                 of
                 Platea
                 (
                 by
                 this
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 Irruption
                 )
                 they
                 found
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 stragling
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 presently
                 snapt
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 Horsemen
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 fled
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 no
                 Confederates
                 to
                 assist
                 them
                 ,
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 themselves
                 ,
                 upon
                 such
                 Terms
                 and
                 Conditions
                 as
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 pleas'd
                 to
                 allow
                 'em
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 were
                 to
                 leave
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 away
                 with
                 them
                 only
                 their
                 Houshold
                 Goods
                 ,
                 and
                 never
                 more
                 set
                 foot
                 in
                 Baeotia
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 the
                 *
                 Thebans
                 raz'd
                 Platea
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Thespia
                 (
                 that
                 sided
                 against
                 them
                 )
                 by
                 assault
                 .
                 The
                 Plateans
                 fled
                 to
                 Athens
                 with
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 there
                 kindly
                 receiv'd
                 into
                 the
                 Franchises
                 and
                 Liberties
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 condition
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Baeotia
                 all
                 that
                 time
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 had
                 now
                 sent
                 Mnasippus
                 
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Sixty
                 five
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 Men
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 to
                 Corcyra
                 ,
                 which
                 after
                 he
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 taken
                 the
                 Exiles
                 on
                 board
                 ,
                 he
                 sail'd
                 into
                 the
                 Haven
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 Four
                 of
                 their
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 the
                 rest
                 upon
                 Land
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 of
                 *
                 Corcyra
                 burnt
                 ,
                 to
                 prevent
                 their
                 falling
                 into
                 the
                 Enemies
                 hands
                 :
                 he
                 routed
                 them
                 likewise
                 in
                 a
                 Land
                 Fight
                 ,
                 (
                 tho'
                 they
                 had
                 advantageously
                 possessed
                 themselves
                 of
                 a
                 Hill
                 ,
                 )
                 insomuch
                 as
                 all
                 the
                 Corcyrians
                 every
                 where
                 were
                 in
                 fear
                 and
                 amazement
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 had
                 some
                 time
                 before
                 sent
                 Timotheus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Conon
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 aid
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Corcyreans
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Navy
                 of
                 Sixty
                 Sail
                 ;
                 but
                 before
                 he
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 succour
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 sail'd
                 into
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 over
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 there
                 to
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Interest
                 ,
                 and
                 enlarg'd
                 his
                 Fleet
                 with
                 Thirty
                 Sail
                 :
                 But
                 because
                 he
                 came
                 too
                 late
                 to
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 them
                 of
                 Corcyra
                 ,
                 the
                 people
                 of
                 Athens
                 were
                 very
                 angry
                 at
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 away
                 his
                 Commission
                 ;
                 yet
                 when
                 he
                 return'd
                 to
                 Athens
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 that
                 
                 came
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 to
                 confirm
                 the
                 Leagues
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 besides
                 ,
                 brought
                 in
                 
                 the
                 Fleet
                 in
                 good
                 Order
                 ,
                 being
                 more
                 than
                 they
                 were
                 by
                 Thirty
                 Sail
                 ;
                 the
                 People
                 rescinded
                 the
                 former
                 Decree
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 him
                 to
                 his
                 Command
                 .
                 Before
                 this
                 they
                 had
                 
                 likewise
                 prepar'd
                 Forty
                 Gallies
                 more
                 ,
                 (
                 so
                 that
                 their
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 was
                 Fourscore
                 ;
                 )
                 and
                 had
                 made
                 also
                 plentiful
                 Provision
                 of
                 Corn
                 ,
                 Arms
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 :
                 But
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 they
                 sent
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Men
                 to
                 the
                 aid
                 of
                 them
                 of
                 Corcyra
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Ctesides
                 ,
                 who
                 enter'd
                 privately
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 into
                 *
                 Corcyra
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 found
                 the
                 Townsmen
                 in
                 bad
                 circumstances
                 by
                 their
                 Sedition
                 ,
                 and
                 ill
                 management
                 of
                 
                 Affairs
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 :
                 But
                 forthwith
                 quieting
                 all
                 Parties
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 business
                 to
                 put
                 all
                 things
                 in
                 a
                 posture
                 of
                 Defence
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 put
                 Heart
                 and
                 Courage
                 into
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 Sally
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 Two
                 hundred
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Presently
                 after
                 in
                 a
                 sharp
                 Engagement
                 he
                 kill'd
                 Mnasippus
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 :
                 And
                 
                 now
                 when
                 the
                 War
                 was
                 almost
                 at
                 an
                 end
                 in
                 Corcyra
                 ,
                 arriv'd
                 Timotheus
                 and
                 Iphicrates
                 with
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Fleet
                 ;
                 who
                 coming
                 too
                 late
                 ,
                 did
                 nothing
                 worth
                 remembring
                 ,
                 save
                 that
                 they
                 took
                 Nine
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 Men
                 and
                 all
                 ,
                 sent
                 by
                 Dionysius
                 out
                 of
                 Stcily
                 to
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 *
                 Cassidas
                 and
                 Crinippus
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Sale
                 of
                 the
                 Captives
                 rais'd
                 Threescore
                 Talents
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 they
                 paid
                 off
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 acting
                 ,
                 Nicocles
                 an
                 Eunuch
                 in
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 treacherously
                 murther'd
                 
                 King
                 Evagoras
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 himself
                 King
                 of
                 Salamis
                 .
                 In
                 Italy
                 the
                 Romans
                 fought
                 with
                 the
                 Prenestines
                 ,
                 and
                 routed
                 and
                 kill'd
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 when
                 Asteius
                 was
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 Six
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 viz
                 
                 
                   Marcus
                   Furius
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Furius
                   ,
                   Aulus
                   Posthumus
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Lucretius
                   ,
                   Marcus
                   Fabius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Posthumus
                
                 executed
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 there
                 hapned
                 such
                 dreadful
                 Earthquakes
                 and
                 Inundations
                 in
                 Peloponnesus
                 (
                 throughout
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 over
                 all
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 )
                 that
                 are
                 incredible
                 to
                 relate
                 .
                 For
                 never
                 in
                 any
                 former
                 Ages
                 did
                 the
                 like
                 Calamity
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Cities
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 now
                 swallow'd
                 up
                 together
                 with
                 their
                 Inhabitants
                 ;
                 and
                 certainly
                 some
                 Divine
                 Power
                 contriv'd
                 and
                 executed
                 this
                 remarkable
                 ruine
                 and
                 destruction
                 of
                 Mankind
                 :
                 Nay
                 ,
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 done
                 aggravated
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 calamity
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Earthquake
                 hapned
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 day
                 (
                 when
                 the
                 distressed
                 might
                 have
                 found
                 out
                 some
                 way
                 or
                 other
                 to
                 have
                 help'd
                 themselves
                 )
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 ;
                 when
                 the
                 Houses
                 by
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 the
                 shake
                 fell
                 down
                 in
                 confused
                 heaps
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 darkness
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 suddenness
                 of
                 the
                 ruine
                 )
                 Men
                 were
                 in
                 that
                 perplexity
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 knew
                 not
                 which
                 way
                 to
                 turn
                 themselves
                 for
                 security
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 as
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 (
                 buried
                 in
                 the
                 rubbish
                 of
                 the
                 Houses
                 )
                 miserably
                 perish'd
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 
                 it
                 was
                 Day
                 some
                 came
                 running
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Houses
                 ,
                 and
                 thinking
                 they
                 had
                 escap'd
                 the
                 danger
                 ,
                 fell
                 into
                 a
                 far
                 greater
                 and
                 unexpected
                 mischief
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Sea
                 rag'd
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 and
                 broke
                 in
                 with
                 that
                 violence
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 swallow'd
                 up
                 them
                 and
                 their
                 Houses
                 together
                 .
              
               
                 Two
                 Cities
                 of
                 Achaia
                 ,
                 one
                 call'd
                 Helica
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Bura
                 ,
                 chiefly
                 suffer'd
                 by
                 this
                 sad
                 accident
                 :
                 of
                 which
                 two
                 ,
                 Helica
                 was
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 account
                 of
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 
                 Achaia
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 hot
                 dispute
                 concerning
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 this
                 Evil.
                 Indeed
                 the
                 Natural
                 Philosophers
                 do
                 generally
                 ascribe
                 all
                 such
                 Events
                 to
                 Natural
                 Causes
                 ,
                 and
                 necessary
                 Circumstances
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 any
                 Divine
                 Hand
                 ;
                 But
                 they
                 who
                 have
                 more
                 reverend
                 Thoughts
                 and
                 Sentiments
                 of
                 a
                 Deity
                 ,
                 give
                 a
                 very
                 probable
                 account
                 of
                 this
                 Matter
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Destruction
                 was
                 the
                 effect
                 of
                 the
                 Anger
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 impious
                 violation
                 of
                 the
                 Rights
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 shall
                 give
                 a
                 more
                 particular
                 account
                 .
                 The
                 Three
                 Cities
                 of
                 Jonia
                 were
                 accustom'd
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 general
                 Assembly
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Jonians
                 at
                 Mycale
                 ,
                 and
                 thereabouts
                 ,
                 where
                 in
                 a
                 certain
                 solitary
                 place
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 Ancient
                 Rites
                 )
                 they
                 offer'd
                 many
                 costly
                 Sacrifices
                 to
                 Neptune
                 :
                 which
                 *
                 Panionion
                 Festivals
                 ,
                 the
                 Ionians
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 solemnize
                 at
                 that
                 place
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 frequent
                 Wars
                 and
                 Disturbances
                 ,
                 they
                 remov'd
                 those
                 Assemblies
                 to
                 a
                 more
                 secure
                 place
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 Ephesus
                 .
                 But
                 sending
                 to
                 Delphos
                 to
                 consult
                 there
                 with
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 commanded
                 to
                 take
                 Images
                 from
                 the
                 most
                 Ancient
                 Altars
                 of
                 their
                 Forefathers
                 (
                 meaning
                 from
                 Helica
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 formerly
                 call'd
                 Ionia
                 ,
                 but
                 now
                 
                   Achaia
                   .
                
                 )
                 Upon
                 this
                 they
                 declar'd
                 in
                 the
                 publick
                 Assembly
                 of
                 the
                 Achaians
                 ,
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 their
                 Embassy
                 ,
                 and
                 desir'd
                 them
                 to
                 grant
                 their
                 Request
                 .
                 But
                 
                 they
                 of
                 Helica
                 had
                 an
                 Ancient
                 Prophecie
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   then
                   they
                   would
                   he
                   in
                   the
                   greatest
                   danger
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                
                 Ionians
                 
                   sacrific'd
                   upon
                   the
                   Altar
                   of
                
                 Neptune
                 ;
                 remembring
                 therefore
                 this
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 the
                 Ionians
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 Images
                 ,
                 alledging
                 that
                 that
                 Temple
                 was
                 not
                 common
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Achaians
                 ,
                 but
                 peculiar
                 to
                 themselves
                 only
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 Addresses
                 were
                 made
                 to
                 them
                 of
                 Bura
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Mind
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 Helica
                 .
                 However
                 
                 the
                 Ionians
                 by
                 publick
                 Edict
                 of
                 the
                 Achaians
                 ,
                 (
                 that
                 the
                 Prophecy
                 might
                 be
                 fulfill'd
                 )
                 offer'd
                 Sacrifices
                 upon
                 the
                 Altar
                 of
                 Neptune
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 they
                 of
                 Helica
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 all
                 the
                 Goods
                 of
                 the
                 Ionians
                 ,
                 and
                 committed
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Prison
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 carried
                 it
                 very
                 impiously
                 towards
                 the
                 Deity
                 :
                 Therefore
                 they
                 say
                 that
                 Neptune
                 being
                 angry
                 ,
                 to
                 revenge
                 himself
                 upon
                 their
                 Impiety
                 ,
                 (
                 by
                 this
                 Earthquake
                 and
                 Inundation
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 )
                 brought
                 this
                 grievous
                 calamity
                 upon
                 those
                 Cities
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 done
                 by
                 him
                 they
                 use
                 this
                 for
                 an
                 Argument
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   it
                   is
                   generally
                   believ'd
                   that
                   this
                   God
                   hath
                   the
                   power
                   of
                   Inundations
                   and
                   Earthquakes
                   in
                   his
                   own
                   hand
                
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Peloponnesus
                 had
                 been
                 ever
                 reputed
                 the
                 Habitation
                 of
                 Neptune
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Country
                 Dedicated
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Peloponnesian
                 Cities
                 worship'd
                 this
                 God
                 above
                 all
                 others
                 .
                 Besides
                 this
                 ,
                 they
                 give
                 a
                 further
                 reason
                 of
                 this
                 sad
                 
                 Accident
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 in
                 Peloponnesus
                 great
                 Cavities
                 under-ground
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 the
                 Sea
                 flowing
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 through
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 are
                 turn'd
                 into
                 great
                 Ponds
                 and
                 Lakes
                 of
                 Water
                 .
                 And
                 indeed
                 it
                 is
                 very
                 certain
                 that
                 there
                 are
                 Two
                 Rivers
                 in
                 that
                 Peninsula
                 ,
                 which
                 apparently
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 Caverns
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Rivers
                 which
                 run
                 by
                 *
                 Pheneum
                 in
                 former
                 Ages
                 sunk
                 in
                 one
                 place
                 into
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 became
                 invisible
                 ,
                 being
                 swallow'd
                 up
                 in
                 these
                 Caverns
                 under
                 ground
                 .
                 *
                 Another
                 was
                 lost
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 opening
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 at
                 *
                 Stymphius
                 ,
                 and
                 ran
                 unseen
                 under
                 ground
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Stages
                 ,
                 and
                 rose
                 up
                 again
                 near
                 the
                 City
                 Argos
                 .
                 To
                 what
                 is
                 related
                 is
                 further
                 added
                 ,
                 That
                 none
                 suffer'd
                 but
                 only
                 they
                 who
                 were
                 guilty
                 of
                 the
                 Impiety
                 before-mention'd
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 shall
                 suffice
                 to
                 be
                 said
                 of
                 the
                 Earthquakes
                 and
                 Inundations
                 in
                 Peloponnesus
                 .
                 Afterward
                 ;
              
               
                 When
                 Alcisthenes
                 was
                 Chief
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 Eight
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 viz.
                 
                 *
                 Lucius
                 *
                 
                   Valerius
                   ,
                   Publius
                   Ancius
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Terentius
                   ,
                   Lacius
                   Menenius
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Sulpitius
                   ,
                   Titus
                   Papyrius
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Aemilius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 *
                 
                   Fabius
                   Marcus
                
                 bore
                 the
                 Consular
                 Authority
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 the
                 Hundred
                 and
                 second
                 Olympiad
                 was
                 celebrated
                 at
                 Aelis
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Damon
                 the
                 Thurian
                 was
                 Victor
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 God
                 (
                 by
                 some
                 Signs
                 and
                 Prodigies
                 )
                 foretold
                 the
                 Fall
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Sovereignty
                 over
                 Greece
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 enjoy'd
                 it
                 near
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Years
                 :
                 For
                 a
                 great
                 Comet
                 (
                 which
                 from
                 its
                 shape
                 was
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Fiery
                   Beam
                
                 )
                 was
                 seen
                 in
                 the
                 Heavens
                 several
                 Nights
                 .
                 And
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 being
                 overcome
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Battle
                 ,
                 suddenly
                 (
                 beyond
                 all
                 Mens
                 imagination
                 )
                 lost
                 their
                 Dominion
                 .
                 Some
                 
                 among
                 the
                 Natural
                 Philosophers
                 ascribe
                 the
                 Original
                 of
                 this
                 Comet
                 to
                 proceed
                 from
                 Natural
                 Causes
                 ,
                 and
                 say
                 that
                 these
                 sort
                 of
                 Meteors
                 at
                 some
                 stated
                 times
                 do
                 happen
                 of
                 necessity
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 the
                 Eminent
                 Chaldeans
                 in
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Astrologers
                 have
                 certainly
                 and
                 exactly
                 foretold
                 the
                 appearance
                 of
                 these
                 Comets
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 it
                 's
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 admir'd
                 tho'
                 such
                 things
                 do
                 happen
                 accordingly
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 greater
                 wonder
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 not
                 ;
                 being
                 that
                 all
                 things
                 have
                 their
                 proper
                 Courses
                 ,
                 and
                 turns
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 by
                 incessant
                 Motions
                 are
                 brought
                 into
                 Act
                 in
                 fixed
                 and
                 stated
                 Times
                 and
                 Seasons
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 related
                 that
                 this
                 Comet
                 was
                 so
                 very
                 light
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 cast
                 a
                 shadow
                 upon
                 the
                 Earth
                 like
                 the
                 Moon
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VI.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Artaxerxes
                   sends
                   again
                   to
                   make
                   Peace
                   among
                   the
                   Grecians
                   .
                   All
                   compli'd
                   but
                   the
                   Thebans
                   .
                   The
                   Spartans
                   raise
                   an
                   Army
                   against
                   the
                   
                     Thebans
                     .
                     Epaminondas
                  
                   made
                   the
                   Theban
                   General
                   .
                   The
                   famous
                   Battle
                   of
                   Leuctra
                   .
                   The
                   terrible
                   Seditions
                   and
                   Cruelties
                   in
                   
                     Argos
                     .
                     Jason
                  
                   of
                   Pherae
                   stirs
                   up
                   the
                   Thessalonians
                   to
                   gain
                   the
                   Sovereignty
                   of
                   
                     Greece
                     .
                     Pollydore
                  
                   Prince
                   of
                   Pherea
                   in
                   Greece
                   poison'd
                   by
                   his
                   Brother
                   Alexander
                   .
                   Plot
                   to
                   depose
                   Alexander
                   .
                   King
                   of
                   Macedonia
                   Treated
                   with
                   ,
                   to
                   that
                   purpose
                   .
                
              
               
                 ABout
                 this
                 time
                 Artaxerxes
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 hearing
                 that
                 Greece
                 was
                 fallen
                 into
                 new
                 Broils
                 ,
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 again
                 to
                 exhort
                 them
                 to
                 live
                 in
                 peace
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 late
                 Establishment
                 .
                 The
                 Grecians
                 readily
                 compli'd
                 with
                 the
                 Advice
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 and
                 all
                 made
                 Peace
                 again
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 Thebans
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 admitted
                 into
                 the
                 League
                 because
                 they
                 challeng'd
                 all
                 Beotia
                 to
                 be
                 under
                 their
                 own
                 Government
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 was
                 Decreed
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 should
                 be
                 bound
                 by
                 Oath
                 to
                 observe
                 the
                 League
                 .
                 Being
                 therefore
                 excluded
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 before
                 )
                 they
                 kept
                 Beotia
                 under
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 the
                 sole
                 Jurisdiction
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 City
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 being
                 inrag'd
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 them
                 as
                 the
                 common
                 Enemies
                 of
                 Greece
                 .
                 For
                 their
                 growing
                 Pow'r
                 began
                 to
                 be
                 suspected
                 ,
                 lest
                 (
                 being
                 Masters
                 of
                 all
                 Baeotia
                 )
                 they
                 should
                 some
                 
                 time
                 or
                 other
                 catch
                 an
                 opportunity
                 to
                 deprive
                 Sparta
                 of
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 .
                 Especially
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 a
                 Warlike
                 Nation
                 ,
                 Inferior
                 to
                 none
                 in
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 daily
                 Exercise
                 in
                 the
                 publick
                 Schools
                 ,
                 their
                 Bodies
                 became
                 far
                 stronger
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 had
                 many
                 valiant
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 three
                 ,
                 
                   Epaminondas
                   ,
                   Gorgias
                   ,
                
                 :
                 and
                 Pelopidas
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 this
                 may
                 be
                 added
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Thebans
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 famous
                 in
                 the
                 Heroick
                 times
                 )
                 were
                 of
                 Proud
                 and
                 Lordly
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 ever
                 aspiring
                 to
                 great
                 matters
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 account
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 this
                 Year
                 rais'd
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 compos'd
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Cities
                 and
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 prepar'd
                 themselves
                 for
                 War.
                 So
                 that
              
               
                 When
                 Phrasichides
                 was
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Romans
                 appointed
                 Eight
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 to
                 execute
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 
                   viz.
                   Publius
                   Manlius
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Erenucius
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   Caius
                   Sextius
                   ,
                   Tiberius
                   Julius
                
                 ,
                 *
                 Lucius
                 *
                 
                   Labinius
                   ,
                   Publius
                   Fibonius
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Manlius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Antistius
                
                 ,
                 The
                 Thebans
                 excluded
                 from
                 the
                 common
                 League
                 ,
                 were
                 forc'd
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 strength
                 alone
                 ,
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 brunt
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 the
                 Articles
                 of
                 the
                 Peace
                 (
                 Ratifi'd
                 and
                 confirm'd
                 by
                 all
                 )
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 were
                 to
                 send
                 them
                 any
                 Aid
                 or
                 Relief
                 .
                 Therefore
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 (
                 now
                 that
                 the
                 Thebans
                 were
                 wholly
                 desert'd
                 )
                 decreed
                 a
                 War
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 subject
                 Thebes
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 State.
                 And
                 forasmuch
                 as
                 all
                 observ'd
                 that
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 made
                 extraordinary
                 preparations
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Thebans
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 had
                 none
                 to
                 stand
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 every
                 body
                 was
                 of
                 opinion
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 easily
                 Conquer'd
                 by
                 the
                 Spartans
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 all
                 that
                 wish'd
                 them
                 well
                 were
                 much
                 troubl'd
                 and
                 concern'd
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 see
                 
                 their
                 inevitable
                 Ruin
                 approaching
                 .
                 But
                 their
                 Enemies
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 rejoyc'd
                 ,
                 a
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Thebans
                 were
                 even
                 already
                 subdu'd
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 had
                 rais'd
                 their
                 Army
                 ,
                 they
                 Created
                 Cléombrotus
                 General
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 Place
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Thebes
                 to
                 demand
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Beotia
                 
                 should
                 be
                 allow'd
                 to
                 Govern
                 themselves
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Platea
                 and
                 Thespiae
                 should
                 be
                 Rebuilt
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 those
                 Territories
                 should
                 be
                 restor'd
                 to
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Proprietors
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 the
                 Thebans
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 That
                 as
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 concern
                 themselves
                 with
                 the
                 matters
                 of
                 Laconia
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 meddle
                 with
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Beotia
                 .
                 Upon
                 receiving
                 of
                 this
                 answer
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 (
                 without
                 any
                 further
                 delay
                 )
                 order'd
                 Cleombrotus
                 to
                 March
                 with
                 the
                 Army
                 against
                 Thebes
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Confederates
                 were
                 very
                 ready
                 to
                 join
                 in
                 this
                 War
                 ,
                 hoping
                 that
                 the
                 Beotians
                 would
                 be
                 subdu'd
                 *
                 with
                 little
                 or
                 no
                 fighting
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 any
                 great
                 Labour
                 or
                 Pains
                 .
              
               
                 Marching
                 on
                 therefore
                 ,
                 they
                 Encomp'd
                 at
                 Cheronea
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 waited
                 for
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 who
                 came
                 in
                 but
                 slowly
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Thebans
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 March
                 ,
                 sent
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 for
                 security
                 to
                 Athens
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 made
                 Epaminondas
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 intrusted
                 him
                 with
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 
                 War
                 ,
                 joining
                 with
                 him
                 six
                 Beotians
                 and
                 Governors
                 of
                 Beotia
                 as
                 his
                 Council
                 .
                 He
                 listed
                 whoever
                 was
                 of
                 Age
                 able
                 and
                 fit
                 to
                 bear
                 Arms
                 among
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 among
                 the
                 other
                 Beotians
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 now
                 an
                 Army
                 not
                 above
                 Six
                 thousand
                 ,
                 with
                 these
                 he
                 March'd
                 out
                 of
                 Thebes
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 Instant
                 of
                 time
                 some
                 Prodigies
                 were
                 seen
                 ,
                 which
                 boded
                 no
                 good
                 Success
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 going
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 Gates
                 ,
                 there
                 met
                 them
                 an
                 Herald
                 that
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 ancient
                 Custom
                 )
                 led
                 a
                 blind
                 Man
                 (
                 that
                 had
                 ran
                 away
                 )
                 and
                 cry'd
                 aloud
                 ,
                 Bring
                 him
                 not
                 out
                 of
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 nor
                 put
                 him
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 but
                 carry
                 him
                 back
                 again
                 and
                 save
                 his
                 Life
                 .
                 The
                 old
                 Men
                 took
                 this
                 Cry
                 of
                 the
                 Herald
                 for
                 an
                 evil
                 sign
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 held
                 their
                 peace
                 ,
                 lest
                 by
                 their
                 Timorousness
                 they
                 should
                 seem
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 desire
                 to
                 diswade
                 Epaminondas
                 from
                 the
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 undertaken
                 .
                 To
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 pressing
                 upon
                 him
                 first
                 to
                 consider
                 well
                 of
                 these
                 Presages
                 ,
                 he
                 answer'd
                 in
                 this
                 Verse
                 ,
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                   
                
                 
                   It
                   is
                   a
                   happy
                   sign
                   to
                   fight
                   for
                   his
                   Country
                   .
                
              
               
                 Such
                 a
                 frank
                 resolution
                 had
                 no
                 sooner
                 dash'd
                 and
                 caus'd
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 Timorous
                 to
                 Blush
                 ,
                 but
                 another
                 Prodigy
                 more
                 frightful
                 happen'd
                 .
                 For
                 a
                 Secretary
                 went
                 before
                 carrying
                 
                 a
                 *
                 Javelin
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 a
                 Scroll
                 was
                 annex'd
                 ,
                 to
                 signify
                 that
                 the
                 Army
                 was
                 to
                 obey
                 the
                 Orders
                 and
                 Commands
                 of
                 their
                 Generals
                 .
                 It
                 fell
                 out
                 that
                 a
                 high
                 Wind
                 blew
                 off
                 this
                 Scroll
                 ,
                 and
                 fix'd
                 it
                 upon
                 a
                 Pillar
                 of
                 a
                 Tomb
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 very
                 place
                 some
                 Lacedemonians
                 and
                 Peloponnesians
                 ,
                 that
                 formerly
                 follow'd
                 Agesilaus
                 were
                 bury'd
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 been
                 there
                 slain
                 :
                 
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 ancient
                 Men
                 again
                 with
                 protestations
                 dissuaded
                 him
                 from
                 going
                 any
                 
                   further
                   with
                   the
                   Army
                   ,
                   seeing
                   the
                   Gods
                   so
                   evidently
                   oppos'd
                   the
                   design
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   General
                   return'd
                   them
                   no
                   answer
                   ,
                   but
                   cheerfully
                   March'd
                   on
                   preferring
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   the
                   Honesty
                   and
                   Justice
                   of
                   his
                   Cause
                   ,
                   before
                   uncertain
                   Observations
                   and
                   Conclusions
                   upon
                   Signs
                   and
                   Prodigies
                   .
                
                 And
                 tho'
                 Epaminondas
                 who
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 Philosopher
                 manag'd
                 all
                 this
                 Affair
                 with
                 great
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Discretion
                 ,
                 yet
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 he
                 incurr'd
                 the
                 Censure
                 of
                 many
                 .
                 But
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 when
                 success
                 of
                 the
                 Action
                 evinc'd
                 the
                 Excellency
                 of
                 
                 his
                 Military
                 Conduct
                 ,
                 we
                 see
                 him
                 instrumental
                 in
                 performing
                 many
                 things
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 Advantage
                 and
                 Service
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 March'd
                 away
                 directly
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Streights
                 near
                 Coronea
                 ,
                 and
                 Encamp'd
                 there
                 .
                 Cleombrotus
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 heard
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 had
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 that
                 Pass
                 ,
                 not
                 looking
                 upon
                 it
                 Feazible
                 to
                 regain
                 it
                 ,
                 turn'd
                 aside
                 another
                 way
                 by
                 Phocis
                 ,
                 and
                 March'd
                 along
                 by
                 the
                 Sea-shore
                 ,
                 where
                 tho'
                 the
                 way
                 was
                 very
                 rugged
                 and
                 difficult
                 ,
                 yet
                 at
                 length
                 he
                 came
                 without
                 any
                 prejudice
                 to
                 the
                 Confines
                 of
                 Beotia
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 his
                 passage
                 he
                 took
                 in
                 some
                 small
                 Towns
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 some
                 Gallies
                 .
                 At
                 last
                 he
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Leuctra
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 Encamp'd
                 ,
                 and
                 refresh'd
                 his
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Beotians
                 Marching
                 forward
                 ,
                 drew
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 recover'd
                 the
                 Hills
                 ,
                 and
                 saw
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Army
                 ,
                 Covering
                 the
                 Plains
                 of
                 Leuctra
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 amaz'd
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Booetarchs
                 call'd
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 to
                 Consider
                 whether
                 it
                 were
                 advisable
                 to
                 go
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 Fight
                 upon
                 
                 such
                 unequal
                 Terms
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 to
                 March
                 Back
                 ,
                 and
                 Engage
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 in
                 some
                 more
                 commodious
                 Place
                 .
                 It
                 happen'd
                 that
                 upon
                 this
                 Consult
                 ,
                 the
                 Votes
                 were
                 equal
                 :
                 For
                 there
                 being
                 Six
                 of
                 these
                 Boeotarchs
                 or
                 Governors
                 of
                 Boeotia
                 ,
                 Three
                 were
                 for
                 going
                 Back
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Three
                 for
                 abiding
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 try
                 their
                 Fortune
                 by
                 a
                 Battle
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 last
                 Number
                 Epaminondas
                 was
                 one
                 .
                 While
                 the
                 matter
                 stood
                 thus
                 doubtful
                 ,
                 and
                 nothing
                 could
                 be
                 determin'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Seventh
                 Boeotarch
                 at
                 length
                 came
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 Epaminondas
                 
                 persuaded
                 him
                 to
                 give
                 his
                 Vote
                 on
                 his
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 he
                 carry'd
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 it
                 was
                 determin'd
                 to
                 lay
                 all
                 at
                 Stake
                 and
                 try
                 it
                 out
                 by
                 a
                 Battle
                 .
                 Epaminondas
                 then
                 perceiving
                 that
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 still
                 superstitiously
                 possess'd
                 with
                 the
                 former
                 ominous
                 Signs
                 ,
                 and
                 Prodigies
                 ,
                 endeavour'd
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 Art
                 and
                 Industry
                 possibly
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 remove
                 these
                 Opinions
                 and
                 Suspicions
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 ,
                 upon
                 some
                 Persons
                 coming
                 newly
                 into
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 from
                 
                 Thebe's
                 ,
                 he
                 caus'd
                 a
                 Report
                 to
                 be
                 spread
                 abroad
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Arms
                 that
                 hung
                 up
                 in
                 Hercules
                 Temple
                 were
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 gone
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 commonly
                 nois'd
                 in
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Heroes
                 had
                 taken
                 them
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 gone
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 .
                 He
                 Suborn'd
                 likewise
                 another
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 he
                 lately
                 came
                 up
                 out
                 of
                 Trophonius
                 his
                 Cell
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 affirm'd
                 that
                 the
                 Oracle
                 there
                 Commanded
                 
                 him
                 to
                 tell
                 them
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Victory
                 at
                 Leuctra
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 institute
                 the
                 Coronet
                 Festivals
                 to
                 Jupiter
                 .
                 From
                 whence
                 arose
                 that
                 Custom
                 of
                 keeping
                 a
                 yearly
                 Solemnity
                 by
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 at
                 Lebadia
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 this
                 Skill
                 and
                 Prudence
                 of
                 the
                 General
                 ,
                 Leandras
                 the
                 Spartan
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 Banish'd
                 from
                 Lacedemon
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 in
                 Arms
                 with
                 the
                 Thebans
                 )
                 was
                 not
                 little
                 serviceable
                 in
                 this
                 Affair
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 call'd
                 into
                 the
                 *
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 he
                 affirm'd
                 that
                 the
                 Spartans
                 had
                 an
                 ancient
                 Prophecy
                 ,
                 That
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 beaten
                 by
                 the
                 Thebans
                 at
                 Leuctra
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 lose
                 their
                 Principality
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 who
                 undertook
                 to
                 Interpret
                 the
                 Oracles
                 came
                 to
                 Epaminondas
                 ,
                 and
                 declar'd
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 decreed
                 by
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 That
                 a
                 great
                 slaughter
                 should
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 at
                 the
                 Tombs
                 of
                 the
                 Daughters
                 of
                 Leuctrus
                 and
                 Schedasus
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Reasons
                 herein
                 after
                 related
                 .
                 Leuotrus
                 was
                 he
                 from
                 whom
                 the
                 Field
                 was
                 so
                 call'd
                 .
                 And
                 his
                 Daughters
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Daughters
                 of
                 one
                 Schedasus
                 ,
                 Virgins
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Flow'r
                 of
                 their
                 Age
                 ,
                 were
                 Deflowr'd
                 by
                 the
                 Spartan
                 Ambassadors
                 ;
                 the
                 young
                 Women
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 endure
                 that
                 great
                 Dishonour
                 and
                 Disgrace
                 ,
                 (
                 with
                 many
                 Imprecations
                 against
                 that
                 Nation
                 who
                 sent
                 such
                 wicked
                 Ambassadors
                 )
                 laid
                 violent
                 hands
                 on
                 themselves
                 .
                 When
                 these
                 and
                 other
                 such
                 like
                 things
                 were
                 alledg'd
                 ,
                 Epaminondas
                 call'd
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 an
                 Oration
                 fitted
                 for
                 the
                 purpose
                 ,
                 encourag'd
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Battle
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 (
                 being
                 now
                 freed
                 from
                 their
                 Superstitious
                 conceits
                 )
                 chang'd
                 their
                 minds
                 ,
                 and
                 long'd
                 to
                 be
                 Engag'd
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 came
                 some
                 Auxiliary
                 Forces
                 to
                 the
                 Thebans
                 from
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Jason
                 .
                 This
                 Man
                 advis'd
                 both
                 the
                 Thebans
                 and
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 (
                 upon
                 consideration
                 of
                 the
                 uncertainty
                 of
                 the
                 Events
                 of
                 War
                 )
                 to
                 agree
                 upon
                 terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 ;
                 which
                 took
                 its
                 effect
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 Cleombrotus
                 withdrew
                 his
                 Forces
                 out
                 of
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 his
                 March
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 from
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 and
                 their
                 Confederates
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Archidamus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Agesilaus
                 met
                 him
                 For
                 the
                 Spartans
                 seeing
                 the
                 Courage
                 and
                 Resolution
                 of
                 the
                 Beotians
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 judging
                 it
                 advisable
                 to
                 slight
                 Men
                 that
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 resolv'd
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 run
                 upon
                 the
                 Pikes
                 at
                 
                 all
                 adventures
                 ,
                 had
                 sent
                 forth
                 his
                 other
                 Army
                 (
                 by
                 their
                 multitude
                 at
                 least
                 )
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 check
                 to
                 the
                 Insolency
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Drawing
                 up
                 therefore
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 together
                 (
                 and
                 looking
                 upon
                 it
                 a
                 base
                 and
                 mean
                 thing
                 ,
                 below
                 the
                 Dignity
                 of
                 the
                 Spartans
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 to
                 think
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Beotians
                 worthy
                 of
                 any
                 regard
                 ,
                 )
                 without
                 any
                 respect
                 had
                 to
                 the
                 late
                 League
                 ,
                 they
                 rashly
                 and
                 precipitately
                 return'd
                 to
                 Leuctra
                 :
                 Where
                 they
                 found
                 the
                 Beotians
                 (
                 with
                 great
                 earnestness
                 )
                 expecting
                 and
                 desiring
                 a
                 Battle
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 
                 Armies
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 were
                 drawn
                 up
                 in
                 Battalia
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Lacedemonians
                   ,
                   Cleombrotus
                
                 and
                 Archidamus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Agesilaus
                 (
                 both
                 descended
                 from
                 Hercules
                 )
                 Commanded
                 the
                 two
                 Wings
                 :
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 Epaminondas
                 Marshall'd
                 his
                 Army
                 after
                 a
                 new
                 and
                 peculiar
                 manner
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 excellent
                 Stratagem
                 he
                 gain'd
                 that
                 glorious
                 Victory
                 never
                 to
                 be
                 forgotten
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 chose
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 strongest
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 them
                 in
                 that
                 Wing
                 where
                 he
                 himself
                 would
                 Command
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 other
                 he
                 plac'd
                 his
                 weaker
                 Men
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Command
                 not
                 to
                 abide
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Charge
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 a
                 soft
                 and
                 slow
                 retreat
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 shock
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 thus
                 order'd
                 an
                 oblique
                 Phalanx
                 ,
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 try
                 the
                 Fortune
                 of
                 the
                 Day
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 Wing
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Trumpets
                 Sounded
                 a
                 Charge
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 first
                 onset
                 the
                 Armies
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 shout
                 :
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 came
                 on
                 with
                 both
                 their
                 Wings
                 in
                 fashion
                 of
                 an
                 half
                 Moon
                 :
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 the
                 Beotians
                 Retreated
                 with
                 one
                 of
                 their
                 Wings
                 ,
                 and
                 charg'd
                 fiercely
                 on
                 the
                 Enemy
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 swords
                 point
                 ,
                 both
                 Fought
                 very
                 desperately
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 first
                 the
                 Victory
                 was
                 very
                 doubtful
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 length
                 they
                 with
                 Epaminondas
                 by
                 their
                 Valour
                 and
                 close
                 Order
                 ,
                 broke
                 in
                 upon
                 the
                 Peleponnesians
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 slaughter
                 amongst
                 them
                 ;
                 For
                 
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 any
                 longer
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 the
                 Shock
                 wherewith
                 they
                 were
                 press'd
                 ,
                 but
                 some
                 were
                 slain
                 downright
                 upon
                 the
                 Spot
                 ,
                 others
                 mortally
                 Wounded
                 bravely
                 receiving
                 all
                 their
                 wounds
                 upon
                 their
                 Breasts
                 .
                 As
                 long
                 as
                 Cleombrotus
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 King
                 was
                 alive
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 uncertain
                 whether
                 side
                 would
                 carry
                 away
                 the
                 Victory
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 strong
                 Body
                 of
                 Targateers
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 fought
                 resolutely
                 in
                 his
                 defence
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 fell
                 down
                 dead
                 ,
                 (
                 after
                 many
                 wounds
                 receiv'd
                 and
                 much
                 Valour
                 shewn
                 on
                 his
                 part
                 ,
                 tho'
                 all
                 ineffectual
                 )
                 they
                 throng'd
                 together
                 about
                 his
                 Body
                 where
                 they
                 hewn
                 down
                 in
                 heaps
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 this
                 Wing
                 being
                 without
                 a
                 leader
                 ,
                 the
                 Epaminondians
                 charg'd
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 with
                 that
                 fierceness
                 that
                 they
                 forc'd
                 them
                 by
                 degrees
                 into
                 disorder
                 .
                 However
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 fought
                 so
                 bravely
                 for
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 their
                 King
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 length
                 they
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 tho'
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 gain
                 
                 the
                 Day
                 .
                 For
                 those
                 choice
                 Bands
                 with
                 Epaminondas
                 standing
                 to
                 it
                 as
                 unconquerable
                 (
                 encourag'd
                 likewise
                 both
                 by
                 the
                 words
                 and
                 example
                 of
                 their
                 Leader
                 )
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 at
                 length
                 (
                 with
                 much
                 ado
                 )
                 began
                 to
                 give
                 ground
                 .
                 And
                 indeed
                 at
                 first
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 (
                 to
                 
                 appearance
                 )
                 break
                 their
                 Order
                 of
                 Battle
                 in
                 their
                 Retreat
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 the
                 slaughter
                 increas'd
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 had
                 now
                 no
                 Commander
                 to
                 give
                 necessary
                 Orders
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 fled
                 outright
                 .
                 The
                 Epaminondians
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 close
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 slaughter
                 of
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 gain'd
                 a
                 glorious
                 Victory
                 .
                 For
                 by
                 their
                 engaging
                 with
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 Warriours
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 becoming
                 Victorious
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 far
                 short
                 in
                 Number
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 they
                 highly
                 advanc'd
                 the
                 reputation
                 of
                 their
                 Valour
                 .
                 But
                 Epaminondas
                 the
                 General
                 was
                 judg'd
                 worthy
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Honour
                 and
                 Esteem
                 ,
                 because
                 chiefly
                 by
                 his
                 Valour
                 and
                 Prudence
                 he
                 had
                 routed
                 those
                 Commanders
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 never
                 before
                 Conquer'd
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 lost
                 in
                 this
                 Battle
                 no
                 fewer
                 then
                 four
                 thousand
                 Men
                 :
                 Of
                 the
                 Beotians
                 were
                 kill'd
                 about
                 Three
                 hundred
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 Truce
                 for
                 the
                 burying
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 return
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 into
                 Peloponnesus
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 Issue
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Leuctra
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Year
                 following
                 ,
                 when
                 Dysnicetus
                 was
                 Praetor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 four
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 
                   Quintus
                   Servilius
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Furius
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Licinnius
                
                 and
                 
                   Publius
                   Clelius
                
                 Executed
                 the
                 
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 march'd
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 against
                 Orchomenum
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 full
                 purpose
                 utterly
                 to
                 ruin
                 that
                 City
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 were
                 advis'd
                 by
                 Epaminondas
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 sought
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Principality
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 their
                 Interest
                 to
                 use
                 their
                 Victory
                 with
                 Moderation
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 they
                 left
                 off
                 their
                 design
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Orchomenians
                 as
                 their
                 Consederates
                 :
                 Afterwards
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Phoceans
                 and
                 Atolians
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 return'd
                 into
                 Beotia
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 Jason
                 Prince
                 of
                 *
                 Pherae
                 (
                 whose
                 power
                 grew
                 every
                 Day
                 )
                 invaded
                 *
                 Locris
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 raz'd
                 *
                 Heraclea
                 in
                 Trachinia
                 after
                 it
                 was
                 betray'd
                 into
                 his
                 hands
                 ,
                 and
                 bestow'd
                 their
                 Territories
                 on
                 the
                 *
                 Octeans
                 and
                 Melieans
                 .
                 Thence
                 Marching
                 into
                 Perrhebia
                 ,
                 he
                 courted
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 into
                 submission
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 others
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms.
                 
              
               
               
                 The
                 Thessalians
                 seeing
                 him
                 mount
                 up
                 so
                 fast
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 so
                 short
                 time
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 be
                 jealous
                 
                 of
                 the
                 growth
                 of
                 his
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 his
                 Ambition
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 there
                 arose
                 such
                 a
                 Sedition
                 ,
                 follow'd
                 with
                 such
                 Butcheries
                 in
                 Argos
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 like
                 had
                 never
                 been
                 before
                 in
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 :
                 Which
                 new
                 and
                 unheard
                 of
                 Cruelty
                 was
                 call'd
                 by
                 the
                 Grecians
                 *
                 Scytalism
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 slaughter
                 Committed
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Cause
                 of
                 the
                 Tumult
                 was
                 this
                 :
                 Argos
                 was
                 Govern'd
                 by
                 a
                 Democracy
                 ;
                 The
                 *
                 Orators
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 affected
                 Popularity
                 ,
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 the
                 Mob
                 against
                 the
                 great
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 which
                 caus'd
                 them
                 for
                 their
                 own
                 preservation
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 to
                 free
                 themselves
                 from
                 the
                 false
                 accusations
                 that
                 were
                 prosecuted
                 against
                 them
                 )
                 to
                 Plot
                 and
                 Contrive
                 how
                 to
                 overturn
                 the
                 Democratical
                 Government
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 some
                 who
                 were
                 suspected
                 were
                 call'd
                 in
                 question
                 ,
                 others
                 fearing
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Rack
                 ,
                 Murder'd
                 themselves
                 .
                 For
                 One
                 in
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 his
                 Torments
                 Confess'd
                 ,
                 and
                 Accus'd
                 Thirty
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 Conspiracy
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 People
                 (
                 without
                 any
                 further
                 Trial
                 ,
                 )
                 Knockt
                 them
                 all
                 on
                 the
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 Confiscated
                 their
                 Estates
                 .
                 
                 And
                 whereas
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 others
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 suspition
                 of
                 the
                 Plot
                 (
                 and
                 the
                 false
                 Accusations
                 manag'd
                 against
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 Orators
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 aggravation
                 ▪
                 imaginable
                 )
                 the
                 People
                 were
                 so
                 enrag'd
                 ,
                 that
                 whoever
                 were
                 accus'd
                 (
                 of
                 whom
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 vast
                 number
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 very
                 Rich
                 )
                 were
                 Condemn'd
                 to
                 Death
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 Executed
                 
                 above
                 Sixteen
                 hundred
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 and
                 most
                 powerful
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 Neither
                 were
                 the
                 Orators
                 themselves
                 spar'd
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 they
                 slack'd
                 in
                 the
                 Prosecution
                 of
                 the
                 Calumnies
                 (
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 afraid
                 left
                 some
                 sudden
                 mischief
                 would
                 overtake
                 them
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 extraordinary
                 Cruelties
                 that
                 were
                 Committed
                 )
                 the
                 People
                 concluded
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 deserted
                 their
                 Cause
                 ,
                 which
                 put
                 them
                 into
                 such
                 a
                 ferment
                 of
                 Rage
                 and
                 Fury
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 kill'd
                 all
                 the
                 Orators
                 that
                 were
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 which
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 Executed
                 upon
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 Hand
                 of
                 some
                 revenging
                 Deity
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 reward
                 of
                 their
                 Villanies
                 .
                 After
                 the
                 Tumult
                 was
                 ceas'd
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 return'd
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 quiet
                 ,
                 and
                 paeceable
                 dispositions
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Lycomedes
                 of
                 Tegeata
                 perswaded
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 to
                 join
                 together
                 in
                 one
                 Body
                 of
                 a
                 Commonwealth
                 and
                 to
                 Constitute
                 a
                 General
                 Council
                 ,
                 consisting
                 of
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 should
                 have
                 absolute
                 power
                 to
                 Determine
                 all
                 matters
                 relating
                 both
                 to
                 War
                 and
                 Peace
                 .
                 But
                 a
                 Tumult
                 hapning
                 among
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 ,
                 the
                 controversie
                 was
                 decided
                 by
                 the
                 Sword
                 ;
                 many
                 being
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 Fourteen
                 hundred
                 Banish'd
                 ,
                 some
                 to
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 others
                 to
                 *
                 Pallantium
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Pallantines
                 were
                 by
                 them
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 who
                 cut
                 all
                 their
                 Throats
                 .
                 The
                 other
                 put
                 on
                 the
                 Lacademonians
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 Inroad
                 into
                 Arcadia
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Agesilaus
                 King
                 of
                 Sparta
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 made
                 up
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 and
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 broke
                 into
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 Tageata
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 look't
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Fomenters
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Broils
                 and
                 Banishments
                 amongst
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 which
                 together
                 with
                 a
                 strait
                 Siege
                 laid
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 greatly
                 terrifi'd
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 acting
                 ,
                 Jason
                 who
                 rul'd
                 at
                 Phercae
                 (
                 a
                 Man
                 excellently
                 well
                 
                 vers'd
                 in
                 Military
                 Affairs
                 )
                 who
                 had
                 now
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Countries
                 for
                 his
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 perswaded
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 to
                 end
                 eavour
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 Greece
                 to
                 themselves
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 alledg'd
                 that
                 whoever
                 would
                 Fight
                 for
                 it
                 ,
                 might
                 now
                 gain
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 reward
                 of
                 their
                 Valour
                 .
                 For
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 evident
                 that
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 were
                 miserably
                 Ruin'd
                 at
                 Leuctra
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 only
                 Masters
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Thebans
                 far
                 unworthy
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Dignity
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 Conclusion
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Argives
                 had
                 weaken'd
                 themselves
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 Civil
                 Dissentions
                 ,
                 and
                 bloody
                 Broils
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 made
                 Jason
                 General
                 of
                 all
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 Committed
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 whole
                 Management
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 now
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Supream
                 Command
                 ,
                 March'd
                 into
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Countries
                 ,
                 and
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 Amyntas
                 King
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Year
                 there
                 happen'd
                 what
                 was
                 very
                 remarkable
                 ;
                 For
                 Three
                 great
                 Princes
                 Di'd
                 
                 near
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 Amyntas
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Tharrhaleus
                 (
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 Reign'd
                 in
                 Macedon
                 Four
                 and
                 twenty
                 Years
                 )
                 dy'd
                 ,
                 leaving
                 behind
                 him
                 three
                 Sons
                 ,
                 
                   Alexander
                   ,
                   Perdiccas
                
                 and
                 
                   Philip.
                   Alexander
                
                 Succeeded
                 ,
                 but
                 Reign'd
                 but
                 one
                 Year
                 .
                 Then
                 Agesipolis
                 King
                 of
                 Lacedemon
                 after
                 one
                 Year's
                 Reign
                 dy'd
                 likewise
                 :
                 His
                 Brother
                 Cleomenes
                 succeeded
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 sat
                 at
                 the
                 Helm
                 Four
                 and
                 thirty
                 Years
                 .
                 At
                 last
                 Jason
                 of
                 Pherae
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 had
                 lately
                 made
                 their
                 General
                 (
                 tho'
                 he
                 Govern'd
                 with
                 great
                 Moderation
                 and
                 Kindness
                 towards
                 his
                 Subjects
                 )
                 was
                 Assassinated
                 by
                 Seven
                 young
                 Men
                 ,
                 as
                 Ephorus
                 says
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 in
                 hopes
                 of
                 Praise
                 and
                 Commendation
                 )
                 had
                 Conspir'd
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 :
                 But
                 others
                 write
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 Murther'd
                 by
                 his
                 Brother
                 Polydore
                 ,
                 who
                 Reign'd
                 not
                 above
                 one
                 Year
                 
                 after
                 him
                 .
                 Here
                 Durius
                 the
                 Samian
                 begins
                 his
                 History
                 of
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Greece
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 things
                 done
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
               
               
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 when
                 Lysistratus
                 Govern'd
                 in
                 Chief
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 Sedition
                 arose
                 in
                 
                 Rome
                 ,
                 for
                 some
                 were
                 for
                 making
                 of
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 others
                 were
                 for
                 Creating
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 in
                 their
                 room
                 :
                 And
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 this
                 dissention
                 there
                 was
                 an
                 Anarchy
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 .
                 But
                 at
                 length
                 ,
                 Six
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 were
                 chosen
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 
                   Lucius
                   Amilius
                   ,
                   Caius
                
                 *
                 
                   Verginius
                   ,
                   Serulius
                   Sulpitius
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Quintius
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Cornelius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Valerius
                
                 .
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 Polydore
                 the
                 Pherean
                 Prince
                 of
                 Thessaly
                 (
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 drunk
                 )
                 was
                 poysoned
                 by
                 a
                 deadly
                 Potion
                 given
                 him
                 by
                 his
                 Brother
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 who
                 Succeeded
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 Reign'd
                 eleven
                 Years
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 he
                 got
                 into
                 the
                 Throne
                 by
                 wickedness
                 and
                 injustice
                 ,
                 so
                 he
                 rul'd
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 ever
                 design'd
                 )
                 with
                 Tyranny
                 and
                 Oppression
                 :
                 And
                 whereas
                 all
                 those
                 before
                 him
                 by
                 their
                 Moderation
                 and
                 Kindness
                 to
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Love
                 and
                 Good-will
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 he
                 by
                 his
                 severe
                 and
                 tyrannical
                 Government
                 ,
                 became
                 the
                 Object
                 of
                 all
                 Mens
                 hatred
                 .
                 Therefore
                 some
                 of
                 Larissa
                 who
                 from
                 their
                 high
                 Birth
                 were
                 sirnam'd
                 Alevadari
                 ,
                 (
                 fearing
                 what
                 might
                 be
                 the
                 Effect
                 of
                 his
                 Wickedness
                 )
                 Conspir'd
                 to
                 Dethrone
                 him
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 Journey
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 and
                 Treated
                 with
                 Alexander
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 in
                 
                 order
                 to
                 Assist
                 them
                 in
                 Deposing
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 .
                 While
                 they
                 were
                 Negociating
                 this
                 Affair
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Pharean
                 (
                 having
                 Intelligence
                 of
                 the
                 preparations
                 making
                 against
                 him
                 )
                 rais'd
                 a
                 considerable
                 Army
                 ,
                 designing
                 to
                 Engage
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Macedon
                 being
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Deserters
                 ,
                 brought
                 his
                 Forces
                 presently
                 to
                 Larissa
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 so
                 prevented
                 him
                 :
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 there
                 ,
                 the
                 Citizens
                 open'd
                 the
                 Gates
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 he
                 became
                 Master
                 of
                 all
                 but
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 afterwards
                 took
                 by
                 Force
                 .
                 The
                 The
                 City
                 Cranon
                 likewise
                 surrendr'd
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 promis'd
                 to
                 restore
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 to
                 
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 .
                 But
                 afterwards
                 (
                 not
                 valuing
                 his
                 Word
                 or
                 Honour
                 )
                 he
                 Garrison'd
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 detain'd
                 them
                 all
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 hands
                 .
                 But
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Pherean
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Fright
                 Fled
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 Pherea
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 then
                 the
                 Condition
                 of
                 Thessaly
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Lacedaemonians
                   send
                   Polytropus
                   into
                   Arcadia
                   ;
                   who
                   is
                   Slain
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   Party
                   Routed
                   by
                   Lycomedes
                   .
                   An
                   Invasion
                   by
                   Epaminondas
                   and
                   Pelopidas
                   into
                   
                     Peloponnesus
                     .
                     Sparta
                  
                   Besieg'd
                   .
                   The
                   Antiquity
                   and
                   History
                   of
                   Messina
                   in
                   
                     Greece
                     .
                     Pallane
                  
                   taken
                   by
                   the
                   Arcadians
                   .
                   A
                   Wall
                   drawn
                   between
                   Cenchrea
                   and
                   Lecheum
                   to
                   hinder
                   the
                   Thebans
                   Inroad
                   into
                   
                     Peloponnesus
                     .
                     Epaminondas
                  
                   breaks
                   through
                   into
                   Peloponnesus
                   ;
                   Assaults
                   Corinth
                   .
                
              
               
                 IN
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 sent
                 a
                 Thousand
                 heavy
                 Arm'd
                 Men
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Deserters
                 from
                 Argos
                 and
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 into
                 Arcadia
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Polytropus
                 ,
                 who
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Orchomenon
                 in
                 Arcadia
                 ,
                 put
                 a
                 Garrison
                 into
                 it
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 City
                 that
                 favour'd
                 the
                 Spartans
                 .
                 But
                 Lycomedes
                 of
                 Mantinea
                 (
                 then
                 Commander
                 in
                 Chief
                 of
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 )
                 with
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 
                 of
                 Five
                 thousand
                 ,
                 March'd
                 against
                 Orchomenon
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 their
                 arrival
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 drew
                 out
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 where
                 happen'd
                 a
                 sharp
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 General
                 was
                 slain
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 hundred
                 more
                 with
                 him
                 :
                 The
                 rest
                 by
                 the
                 hot
                 Pursuit
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 were
                 forc'd
                 back
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 tho'
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 then
                 got
                 the
                 Victory
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 so
                 far
                 fear'd
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 durst
                 not
                 depend
                 upon
                 their
                 own
                 strength
                 in
                 Contending
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 taking
                 into
                 their
                 Confederacy
                 the
                 Argives
                 and
                 the
                 Eleans
                 ,
                 they
                 first
                 sent
                 Ambassadours
                 to
                 Athens
                 to
                 desire
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 Consederates
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 deny'd
                 ,
                 they
                 then
                 Address'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Thebans
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 purpose
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Beotians
                 (
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Phocians
                 and
                 Locrians
                 their
                 Confederates
                 )
                 drew
                 out
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 March'd
                 directly
                 into
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Epaminondas
                 and
                 Pelopidas
                 .
                 For
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Beotarchs
                 had
                 willingly
                 given
                 up
                 the
                 sole
                 and
                 absolute
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 to
                 those
                 two
                 ,
                 being
                 Men
                 eminent
                 for
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Valour
                 .
                 
              
               
                 When
                 they
                 entred
                 into
                 the
                 Confines
                 of
                 Arcadia
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 met
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 
                   Arcadians
                   ,
                   Eleans
                   ,
                   Argives
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 they
                 had
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 above
                 
                 Fifty
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 had
                 ,
                 the
                 Generals
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 March
                 forthwith
                 to
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Wast
                 and
                 Spoil
                 all
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Laconia
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 having
                 lost
                 the
                 Flower
                 and
                 strength
                 of
                 their
                 young
                 Men
                 in
                 the
                 Battle
                 at
                 Leuctra
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 in
                 several
                 other
                 Fights
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 were
                 thereby
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 a
                 very
                 
                 small
                 number
                 of
                 Fighting
                 Men
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Citizens
                 :
                 And
                 whereas
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 deserted
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 were
                 brought
                 low
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 means
                 as
                 those
                 before
                 ,
                 they
                 knew
                 not
                 which
                 way
                 to
                 turn
                 themselves
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 seek
                 for
                 Aid
                 
                 and
                 Assistance
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 (
                 I
                 mean
                 the
                 Athenians
                 )
                 upon
                 whom
                 they
                 had
                 some
                 time
                 before
                 Impos'd
                 Thirty
                 Tyrants
                 ,
                 and
                 whose
                 Walls
                 they
                 had
                 Demolish'd
                 ,
                 and
                 whose
                 City
                 they
                 had
                 decreed
                 to
                 Raze
                 even
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 it
                 Open
                 and
                 Common
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 grazing
                 of
                 Flocks
                 and
                 Herds
                 .
                 But
                 necessity
                 has
                 no
                 Law
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Turns
                 of
                 Fortune
                 are
                 invincible
                 ,
                 through
                 which
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 were
                 brought
                 into
                 that
                 strait
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 become
                 Suppliants
                 to
                 their
                 most
                 Implacable
                 Enemies
                 for
                 Relief
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 deceiv'd
                 in
                 their
                 hopes
                 ;
                 for
                 such
                 was
                 the
                 Brave
                 and
                 generous
                 Spirits
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 fear'd
                 not
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 but
                 decreed
                 to
                 Assist
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 they
                 were
                 able
                 ,
                 tho'
                 they
                 were
                 now
                 ready
                 even
                 to
                 be
                 swallow'd
                 up
                 and
                 made
                 perfect
                 Slaves
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 they
                 listed
                 in
                 one
                 Day
                 Twelve
                 thousand
                 lusty
                 young
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 order'd
                 Iphicrates
                 the
                 General
                 to
                 March
                 away
                 to
                 the
                 assistance
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Spartans
                 .
                 Accordingly
                 ,
                 having
                 Men
                 that
                 were
                 very
                 forward
                 ,
                 he
                 hasts
                 away
                 with
                 a
                 swift
                 March.
                 Neither
                 were
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 less
                 active
                 or
                 forward
                 ;
                 but
                 now
                 even
                 when
                 the
                 Enemy
                 were
                 Encamp'd
                 in
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 Laconia
                 ,
                 they
                 March'd
                 out
                 of
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Strength
                 they
                 could
                 make
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 but
                 small
                 ,
                 yet
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Courage
                 ,
                 and
                 Valour
                 as
                 they
                 had
                 formerly
                 done
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Epaminondas
                 his
                 Army
                 conceiving
                 it
                 very
                 difficult
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Country
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 judging
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 convenient
                 to
                 attempt
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 together
                 ,
                 they
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 divide
                 their
                 Forces
                 into
                 four
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Attack
                 in
                 several
                 Places
                 at
                 once
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 March'd
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 *
                 Sellatia
                 ,
                 and
                 and
                 drew
                 off
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 that
                 Territory
                 from
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 The
                 Argives
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 in
                 another
                 Body
                 ,
                 upon
                 their
                 entrance
                 into
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 Tageata
                 ,
                 Engag'd
                 with
                 a
                 Guard
                 that
                 kept
                 that
                 pass
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Chief
                 Officer
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 a
                 Spartan
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 hundred
                 more
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ;
                 amongst
                 whom
                 there
                 were
                 some
                 Beotian
                 Exiles
                 .
                 The
                 third
                 Body
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 were
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 broke
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 call'd
                 Sciritis
                 ,
                 where
                 Iscolas
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 Valour
                 and
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 kept
                 Guard
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Body
                 of
                 Men.
                 This
                 brave
                 and
                 gallant
                 Commander
                 perform'd
                 an
                 heroick
                 Action
                 ,
                 worthy
                 to
                 be
                 Recorded
                 to
                 all
                 Posterity
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 foresaw
                 that
                 both
                 he
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 all
                 those
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 were
                 sure
                 every
                 Man
                 to
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 by
                 their
                 Engaging
                 with
                 so
                 great
                 and
                 unequal
                 a
                 number
                 ;
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 he
                 lookt
                 upon
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 dishonour
                 to
                 the
                 Spartan
                 Name
                 to
                 desert
                 the
                 Post
                 assign'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 judg'd
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 much
                 for
                 the
                 Service
                 and
                 Advantage
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 if
                 he
                 could
                 preserve
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 To
                 the
                 admiration
                 therefore
                 of
                 his
                 Valour
                 he
                 contriv'd
                 a
                 way
                 how
                 to
                 answer
                 the
                 ends
                 of
                 both
                 ;
                 wherein
                 he
                 bravely
                 Imitated
                 the
                 gallant
                 Spirit
                 of
                 King
                 Leonidas
                 in
                 former
                 times
                 at
                 Thermopile
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 sent
                 away
                 to
                 Sparta
                 the
                 choicest
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 were
                 young
                 and
                 
                 lusty
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 helpful
                 to
                 their
                 Country
                 in
                 Fighting
                 ,
                 now
                 all
                 lay
                 at
                 Stake
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 himself
                 ,
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 Old
                 ,
                 kept
                 close
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 brave
                 defence
                 ,
                 slaughter'd
                 multitudes
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 length
                 being
                 surrounded
                 ,
                 and
                 hem'd
                 in
                 by
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 every
                 Man
                 of
                 them
                 cut
                 off
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 fourth
                 body
                 of
                 the
                 Eleans
                 having
                 all
                 places
                 more
                 clear
                 and
                 open
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 length
                 at
                 Sellacia
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 was
                 order'd
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Forces
                 should
                 meet
                 together
                 at
                 that
                 place
                 ,
                 where
                 being
                 all
                 now
                 join'd
                 ,
                 they
                 march'd
                 towards
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 the
                 Country
                 all
                 before
                 them
                 with
                 Fire
                 and
                 Sword.
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 seeing
                 their
                 ancient
                 Country
                 Liconia
                 (
                 that
                 had
                 never
                 known
                 what
                 Waste
                 and
                 Spoil
                 meant
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Five
                 hundred
                 years
                 before
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 thus
                 cruelly
                 harass'd
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 ,
                 could
                 no
                 longer
                 forbear
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 ready
                 to
                 run
                 upon
                 their
                 Enemy
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 with
                 open
                 mouth
                 .
                 But
                 being
                 by
                 some
                 Magistrates
                 that
                 came
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 commanded
                 not
                 to
                 hasten
                 away
                 
                 too
                 far
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Bounds
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 (
                 lest
                 some
                 other
                 should
                 make
                 an
                 inroad
                 into
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 )
                 and
                 being
                 likewise
                 advis'd
                 to
                 recollect
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 think
                 seriously
                 of
                 defending
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 with
                 much
                 ado
                 they
                 submitted
                 to
                 the
                 Advice
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Epaminondas
                 having
                 pass'd
                 his
                 Army
                 over
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Taygetus
                 ,
                 and
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 the
                 River
                 Eu●ota
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 then
                 very
                 high
                 ,
                 being
                 Winter-time
                 )
                 he
                 endeavour'd
                 all
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 get
                 over
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedaemonians
                 perceiving
                 how
                 his
                 Troops
                 were
                 disorder'd
                 and
                 dispers'd
                 through
                 the
                 difficulty
                 of
                 the
                 Passage
                 ,
                 laid
                 hold
                 upon
                 this
                 fit
                 occasion
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 them
                 .
                 Leaving
                 therefore
                 their
                 Wives
                 ,
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 Old
                 Men
                 as
                 a
                 Guard
                 for
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 out
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 in
                 good
                 Order
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Young
                 and
                 
                 Strong
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 a
                 sudden
                 and
                 hot
                 Charge
                 cut
                 off
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 in
                 their
                 passing
                 the
                 River
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 and
                 Arcadians
                 valiantly
                 standing
                 their
                 Ground
                 ,
                 
                 surrounded
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 the
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 kill'd
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 broke
                 through
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 leaving
                 behind
                 them
                 remarkable
                 Instances
                 of
                 their
                 Valour
                 .
              
               
                 Presently
                 after
                 ,
                 when
                 Epaminondas
                 came
                 up
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 (
                 to
                 the
                 Terror
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 the
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 the
                 Places
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 all
                 hands
                 were
                 at
                 work
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 earnest
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 that
                 they
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 fair
                 way
                 to
                 take
                 Sparta
                 by
                 storm
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Assailants
                 (
                 through
                 their
                 Over-heat
                 and
                 Violence
                 )
                 being
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 kill'd
                 and
                 others
                 wounded
                 ,
                 Epaminondas
                 caus'd
                 a
                 Trumpet
                 to
                 sound
                 a
                 Retreat
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 call'd
                 them
                 off
                 .
                 Presently
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 made
                 their
                 approach
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 challeng'd
                 the
                 Spartans
                 to
                 come
                 forth
                 and
                 fight
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 to
                 acknowledge
                 themselves
                 Inferior
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 contend
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 To
                 whom
                 they
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 their
                 opportunity
                 they
                 would
                 be
                 sure
                 not
                 to
                 decline
                 Fighting
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 laid
                 all
                 at
                 Stake
                 .
                 The
                 Army
                 therefore
                 now
                 drew
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 all
                 Laconia
                 ,
                 and
                 loaden
                 themselves
                 with
                 rich
                 Prey
                 and
                 Plunder
                 ,
                 return'd
                 into
                 Arcadia
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 who
                 came
                 too
                 late
                 ,
                 and
                 did
                 nothing
                 worth
                 taking
                 notice
                 of
                 )
                 March'd
                 back
                 into
                 Attica
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 while
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Men
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 from
                 their
                 Consederates
                 .
                 To
                 these
                 they
                 added
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Helots
                 newly
                 Manumitted
                 and
                 set
                 Free
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   Two
                   hundred
                   Beotian
                   Fugitives
                
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 more
                 from
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Towns
                 and
                 Villages
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 now
                 they
                 were
                 strong
                 enough
                 to
                 Cope
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 Forces
                 being
                 kept
                 together
                 and
                 daily
                 Exercis'd
                 ,
                 grew
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 daring
                 ,
                 and
                 fit
                 for
                 publick
                 Service
                 in
                 the
                 Field
                 .
                 
              
               
                 But
                 Epaminondas
                 being
                 Naturally
                 inclin'd
                 to
                 things
                 that
                 were
                 Great
                 ,
                 and
                 ambitious
                 to
                 
                 Eternize
                 his
                 own
                 praise
                 and
                 Honour
                 ,
                 perswaded
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Allies
                 to
                 re-edifie
                 and
                 replenish
                 Messina
                 with
                 new
                 Inhabitants
                 (
                 which
                 had
                 been
                 destroy'd
                 by
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 *
                 and
                 lay
                 Wast
                 and
                 Desolate
                 many
                 Years
                 ,
                 )
                 for
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 most
                 commodiously
                 Situated
                 for
                 the
                 Invading
                 of
                 Sparta
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 ;
                 having
                 procur'd
                 their
                 Consent
                 ,
                 he
                 enquir'd
                 after
                 all
                 the
                 ancient
                 Inhabitants
                 that
                 were
                 living
                 in
                 any
                 Place
                 :
                 And
                 enfranchizing
                 many
                 others
                 that
                 were
                 willing
                 to
                 settle
                 themselves
                 there
                 ,
                 he
                 Repair'd
                 Messina
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 it
                 very
                 Populous
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 the
                 Land
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 by
                 Lot
                 amongst
                 the
                 new
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 fill'd
                 the
                 Country
                 about
                 with
                 stately
                 Seats
                 and
                 beautiful
                 Buildings
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 rais'd
                 up
                 a
                 noble
                 Grecian
                 City
                 out
                 of
                 its
                 Ruins
                 ,
                 to
                 its
                 former
                 State
                 and
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 highly
                 Honour'd
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 conceive
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 amiss
                 in
                 this
                 place
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 Messina
                 has
                 been
                 so
                 often
                 taken
                 and
                 Ruin'd
                 ,
                 If
                 I
                 say
                 something
                 in
                 short
                 of
                 this
                 City
                 from
                 its
                 beginning
                 .
                 Anciently
                 the
                 
                 Family
                 of
                 Neleus
                 and
                 Nestor
                 to
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Trojan
                 War
                 possess'd
                 it
                 :
                 Afterwards
                 Orestes
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Agamemnon
                 and
                 his
                 Posterity
                 enjoy'd
                 it
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 Return
                 of
                 the
                 Heraclidae
                 .
                 Then
                 Cresphontes
                 chose
                 Messina
                 for
                 his
                 share
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Posterity
                 Reign'd
                 there
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 being
                 Ejected
                 ,
                 it
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 who
                 became
                 
                 Lords
                 thereof
                 .
                 For
                 after
                 that
                 Teleclytus
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 was
                 slain
                 in
                 a
                 
                 Battle
                 ,
                 the
                 Messinians
                 at
                 length
                 were
                 subdu'd
                 by
                 the
                 Spartans
                 .
                 This
                 War
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 continu'd
                 Twenty
                 Years
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 had
                 taken
                 a
                 solemn
                 Oath
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 never
                 return
                 to
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 had
                 taken
                 Messina
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 were
                 Born
                 those
                 call'd
                 the
                 Partheniae
                 ,
                 who
                 afterwards
                 enjoy'd
                 the
                 City
                 Tarentum
                 .
                 The
                 Messinians
                 in
                 after-times
                 being
                 oppress'd
                 by
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 *
                 Aristomenes
                 stirr'd
                 them
                 up
                 to
                 Revolt
                 ,
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Spartans
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 time
                 Tyrreus
                 the
                 Poet
                 was
                 sent
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 to
                 the
                 Spartans
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 General
                 .
                 But
                 there
                 are
                 others
                 that
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 Aristomenes
                 flourish'd
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Twenty
                 years
                 War.
                 The
                 last
                 War
                 made
                 upon
                 them
                 was
                 after
                 that
                 terrible
                 Earthquake
                 ,
                 which
                 almost
                 Ruin'd
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 all
                 its
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 those
                 that
                 remain'd
                 of
                 the
                 Messinians
                 (
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Helots
                 ,
                 who
                 Revolted
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 )
                 Inhabited
                 Ithon
                 ,
                 because
                 Messina
                 had
                 lain
                 Wast
                 many
                 Years
                 together
                 before
                 that
                 time
                 .
                 But
                 being
                 unfortunate
                 in
                 every
                 Encounter
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 at
                 length
                 utterly
                 Ruin'd
                 ,
                 and
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ;
                 and
                 settl'd
                 themselves
                 in
                 Naupachus
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 given
                 them
                 to
                 Inhabit
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 :
                 And
                 from
                 thence
                 some
                 remov'd
                 to
                 Cephalenia
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 into
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 built
                 the
                 City
                 Messina
                 ,
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Thebans
                 in
                 the
                 last
                 place
                 by
                 the
                 Advice
                 of
                 Epaminondas
                 (
                 who
                 Invited
                 the
                 Messinians
                 from
                 all
                 Places
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 )
                 Rebuilt
                 Messina
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 to
                 the
                 new
                 Inhabitants
                 all
                 the
                 ancient
                 Territories
                 formerly
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 Great
                 and
                 Various
                 were
                 the
                 Changes
                 and
                 Turns
                 of
                 Messina
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Thebans
                 having
                 dispatch'd
                 all
                 these
                 things
                 in
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Eighty
                 five
                 Days
                 ,
                 leaving
                 a
                 strong
                 Garrison
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 Messina
                 ,
                 return'd
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 having
                 now
                 unexpectedly
                 rid
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 sent
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 men
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 a
                 Treaty
                 concerning
                 the
                 Principality
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 agreed
                 that
                 the
                 Athenians
                 should
                 be
                 Masters
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 have
                 the
                 chief
                 Command
                 at
                 Land.
                 But
                 afterwards
                 both
                 Cities
                 executed
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 in
                 Common
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 Created
                 Lycomedes
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 him
                 away
                 
                 with
                 five
                 thousand
                 strong
                 and
                 lusty
                 young
                 Men
                 to
                 Besiege
                 Pallene
                 ,
                 in
                 Laconia
                 ;
                 who
                 took
                 it
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 above
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Lacedemonians
                 there
                 in
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 :
                 And
                 having
                 plunder'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 return'd
                 home
                 before
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 could
                 send
                 them
                 any
                 Relief
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Beotians
                 (
                 likewise
                 being
                 desir'd
                 by
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 to
                 Free
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 of
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Pherean
                 ,
                 then
                 but
                 feeble
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 broken
                 )
                 sent
                 Pelopidas
                 with
                 a
                 
                 strong
                 Army
                 into
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 Manage
                 affairs
                 there
                 to
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Beotians
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Larissa
                 ,
                 he
                 possessed
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 then
                 Garrison'd
                 by
                 Alexander
                 ;
                 thence
                 he
                 March'd
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 King
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 Philip
                 his
                 Brother
                 as
                 an
                 Hostage
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 him
                 to
                 Thebes
                 .
                 And
                 having
                 perfected
                 whatever
                 he
                 thought
                 might
                 be
                 for
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 the
                 Beotians
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 Things
                 standing
                 thus
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Arcadians
                   ,
                   Argives
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Eleans
                 unanimously
                 agreed
                 to
                 make
                 
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 to
                 send
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 the
                 Beotians
                 ,
                 to
                 persuade
                 them
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 War.
                 They
                 accordingly
                 Consented
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 forth
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Seven
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Epaminondas
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Beotarchs
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 preparations
                 of
                 the
                 Beotians
                 against
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 sent
                 an
                 Army
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 
                 Chabrias
                 their
                 General
                 ,
                 who
                 when
                 he
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 Men
                 out
                 of
                 
                   Megera
                   ,
                   Pellene
                
                 and
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 up
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 and
                 other
                 Confederates
                 at
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 their
                 whole
                 Forces
                 were
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 .
                 They
                 made
                 it
                 first
                 their
                 Business
                 to
                 guard
                 all
                 the
                 Passages
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 do
                 all
                 they
                 could
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 Beotians
                 from
                 breaking
                 into
                 Peloponnesus
                 :
                 To
                 this
                 
                 end
                 they
                 drew
                 a
                 Wall
                 with
                 a
                 deep
                 Trench
                 from
                 *
                 Cenchrea
                 to
                 *
                 Lechaeum
                 ,
                 to
                 block
                 up
                 the
                 entrance
                 that
                 Way
                 .
                 The
                 thing
                 was
                 done
                 with
                 that
                 quickness
                 and
                 expedition
                 ,
                 (
                 through
                 multitude
                 of
                 Hands
                 and
                 diligence
                 of
                 those
                 Employ'd
                 )
                 that
                 the
                 Place
                 was
                 Fortifi'd
                 before
                 the
                 Beotians
                 could
                 reach
                 thither
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 Epaminondas
                 came
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 upon
                 diligent
                 view
                 of
                 the
                 Fortification
                 ,
                 he
                 discern'd
                 that
                 that
                 part
                 kept
                 by
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 was
                 the
                 Weakest
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 did
                 all
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 draw
                 them
                 out
                 to
                 a
                 fair
                 Field
                 Battle
                 ,
                 
                   tho'
                   they
                   were
                   almost
                   three
                   times
                   his
                   Number
                   .
                
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 stir
                 ,
                 but
                 kept
                 themselves
                 within
                 their
                 
                 Fortifications
                 and
                 Trenches
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 fierce
                 Assault
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 Storming
                 them
                 in
                 every
                 Part
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Action
                 was
                 Hottest
                 and
                 Sharpest
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 were
                 Posted
                 ,
                 for
                 there
                 the
                 place
                 was
                 of
                 easiest
                 Entrance
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 difficult
                 to
                 be
                 kept
                 .
                 But
                 Epaminondas
                 having
                 with
                 him
                 the
                 flower
                 of
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 with
                 much
                 ado
                 beat
                 off
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 clearing
                 the
                 Way
                 ,
                 broke
                 in
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 the
                 passage
                 plainly
                 open
                 into
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 an
                 Action
                 nothing
                 Inferior
                 to
                 any
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 before
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 March'd
                 to
                 Trezene
                 and
                 Epidaurus
                 ,
                 and
                 Wasted
                 
                 and
                 Harrass'd
                 the
                 Country
                 round
                 about
                 ,
                 but
                 could
                 not
                 take
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 being
                 very
                 strongly
                 Garrison'd
                 ;
                 but
                 Sicyon
                 ,
                 *
                 Pheunte
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 submitted
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 March'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 against
                 Corinth
                 :
                 And
                 having
                 routed
                 the
                 Townsmen
                 in
                 an
                 Encounter
                 ,
                 he
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Walls
                 :
                 Where
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Beotians
                 puffed
                 up
                 with
                 their
                 good
                 Success
                 ,
                 Rashly
                 broke
                 through
                 the
                 Gates
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Fright
                 shut
                 themselves
                 up
                 in
                 their
                 Houses
                 .
                 But
                 Chabrias
                 the
                 Athenian
                 General
                 ,
                 both
                 Cordially
                 and
                 Faithfully
                 ,
                 made
                 Head
                 against
                 the
                 Beotians
                 ,
                 and
                 Drove
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 making
                 a
                 great
                 slaughter
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 this
                 Action
                 the
                 Beotians
                 approach'd
                 to
                 Corinth
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Army
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 Terror
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Chabrias
                 with
                 his
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 made
                 a
                 Sally
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 possessed
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Hills
                 Adjoyning
                 ,
                 there
                 bore
                 the
                 brunt
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Charge
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 the
                 Beotians
                 encourag'd
                 ,
                 being
                 strong
                 of
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 long
                 experience
                 in
                 Feats
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 doubted
                 not
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 Rout
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Chabrians
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 higer
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 continual
                 Succours
                 coming
                 in
                 to
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 (
                 so
                 defended
                 themselves
                 ,
                 that
                 
                 they
                 Kill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 grievously
                 Gall'd
                 their
                 Assailants
                 ,
                 and
                 beat
                 them
                 off
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 Beotians
                 after
                 the
                 Loss
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 their
                 Men
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 drew
                 off
                 their
                 Forces
                 .
                 But
                 Chabrias
                 having
                 thus
                 Baffl'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 ,
                 Faithfulness
                 ,
                 and
                 Military
                 Conduct
                 ,
                 was
                 Cry'd
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 greatly
                 Admir'd
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VIII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Dionysius
                   sends
                   Gauls
                   and
                   Spaniards
                   to
                   the
                   assistance
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Lacedemonians
                     .
                     Pelopidas
                  
                   and
                   Istmenias
                   clapt
                   up
                   by
                   Alexander
                   ,
                   Tyrant
                   of
                   Pherea
                   ,
                   The
                   Boeotians
                   pursu'd
                   by
                   the
                   Phereans
                   :
                   brought
                   off
                   by
                   Epaminondas
                   then
                   a
                   private
                   Soldier
                   .
                   The
                   Fight
                   between
                   the
                   Arcadians
                   and
                   
                     Lacedemonians
                     .
                     Dionysius
                  
                   falls
                   upon
                   the
                   Carthaginian
                   Territories
                   in
                   
                     Sicily
                     .
                     Dionysius
                  
                   dyes
                   .
                   The
                   cause
                   of
                   his
                   death
                   .
                   The
                   cruelty
                   of
                   Alexander
                   the
                   Pherean
                   at
                   
                     Scotusa
                     .
                     Epaminondas
                  
                   breaks
                   again
                   into
                   
                     Peloponnesus
                     .
                     Coos
                  
                   Peopled
                   and
                   Wall'd
                   .
                   The
                   end
                   of
                   the
                   Laconick
                   and
                   Beotick
                   War
                   by
                   the
                   Mediation
                   of
                   the
                   Persian
                   King.
                   
                
              
               
                 ABout
                 this
                 time
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Corinth
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Gauls
                 and
                 Spaniards
                 ,
                 sent
                 by
                 Dionysius
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 from
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 Five
                 Months
                 Pay
                 advance
                 .
                 
                 The
                 Grecians
                 to
                 try
                 their
                 Valour
                 drew
                 them
                 out
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 who
                 so
                 far
                 approv'd
                 themselves
                 stout
                 and
                 valiant
                 Men
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 they
                 routed
                 and
                 kill'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Beotians
                 and
                 their
                 Confederates
                 .
                 And
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 very
                 useful
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 purchas'd
                 
                 to
                 themselves
                 Praise
                 and
                 Esteem
                 both
                 for
                 their
                 Courage
                 and
                 Service
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 been
                 rewarded
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Merits
                 by
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 sent
                 back
                 into
                 Sicily
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Summer
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 these
                 things
                 Philiscus
                 Ambassador
                 from
                 Artaxerxes
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 came
                 into
                 Greece
                 
                 to
                 persuade
                 the
                 Grecians
                 to
                 be
                 at
                 Peace
                 among
                 themselves
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 all
                 willingly
                 comply'd
                 except
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 so
                 obstinate
                 that
                 they
                 refus'd
                 the
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 having
                 before
                 brought
                 all
                 Beotia
                 in
                 subjection
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Government
                 .
                 There
                 being
                 therefore
                 no
                 hopes
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 Philiscus
                 return'd
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 leaving
                 behind
                 him
                 Two
                 thousand-Mercenaries
                 ,
                 who
                 receiv'd
                 their
                 Pay
                 for
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
              
               
                 Whilst
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 doing
                 ,
                 Euphron
                 of
                 Sicyon
                 (
                 a
                 bold
                 and
                 rash
                 Fellow
                 ,
                 not
                 inferior
                 
                 to
                 any
                 in
                 that
                 kind
                 )
                 with
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Argives
                 ,
                 plotted
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 Fortune
                 favour'd
                 him
                 so
                 far
                 ,
                 that
                 forthwith
                 he
                 banish'd
                 Forty
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 confiscated
                 their
                 Goods
                 and
                 Estates
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 rais'd
                 a
                 vast
                 sum
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 wherewith
                 he
                 hir'd
                 a
                 Guard
                 of
                 Foreigners
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 Nausigenes
                 being
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 ,
                 
                   viz.
                   Lucius
                   Papyrius
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Menenius
                   ,
                   Servius
                   Cornelius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Servius
                   Sulpitius
                
                 ,
                 executing
                 the
                 Consular
                 
                 Authority
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 the
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Third
                 Olympiad
                 was
                 celebrated
                 at
                 Elis
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 ,
                 Pythostratus
                 the
                 Athenian
                 carry'd
                 away
                 the
                 Prize
                 ,
                 This
                 Year
                 
                   Ptolemy
                   Alorites
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Amyntas
                 ,
                 treacherously
                 Murther'd
                 his
                 Brother
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 Govern'd
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Three
                 Years
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Pelopidas
                 in
                 Beotia
                 emulating
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 Epaminondas
                 ,
                 and
                 perceiving
                 what
                 great
                 Service
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 in
                 Peloponnesus
                 for
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 of
                 Beotia
                 ,
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 business
                 to
                 advance
                 his
                 own
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 by
                 enlarging
                 the
                 Power
                 and
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 in
                 other
                 parts
                 out
                 of
                 Peloponnesus
                 .
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 and
                 joining
                 with
                 Ismenia
                 (
                 his
                 special
                 Friend
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 Esteem
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 )
                 he
                 took
                 a
                 journey
                 into
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 where
                 ,
                 upon
                 Discourse
                 
                 with
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Pherea
                 (
                 when
                 he
                 never
                 expected
                 any
                 such
                 thing
                 )
                 he
                 and
                 Istmenias
                 were
                 both
                 seizd
                 ,
                 and
                 clapt
                 up
                 in
                 prison
                 .
                 This
                 Fact
                 highly
                 incens'd
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 they
                 sent
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 heavy
                 Arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 Six
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 into
                 Thessaly
                 .
                 At
                 whose
                 coming
                 Alexander
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 fright
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Athens
                 to
                 Treat
                 with
                 them
                 for
                 their
                 assistance
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 forthwith
                 dispatch'd
                 away
                 Thirty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Autocles
                 :
                 But
                 while
                 he
                 sail'd
                 round
                 Eubea
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 entred
                 Thessaly
                 .
                 And
                 tho'
                 Alexander
                 was
                 well
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 exceeded
                 the
                 Beotians
                 in
                 Horse
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Beotians
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 concluded
                 they
                 should
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 by
                 one
                 Fight
                 ,
                 especially
                 being
                 enforc'd
                 
                 by
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 deserted
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 Alexander
                 assisted
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 
                 and
                 other
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 Meat
                 and
                 Drink
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Provision
                 being
                 scarce
                 ,
                 the
                 Baeotarchs
                 were
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 return
                 home
                 ,
                 and
                 accordingly
                 drew
                 off
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 their
                 march
                 through
                 the
                 Plain
                 they
                 were
                 fallen
                 upon
                 in
                 the
                 Rear
                 by
                 Alexander's
                 Horse
                 ,
                 who
                 kill'd
                 and
                 wounded
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Beotians
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 either
                 to
                 keep
                 their
                 Ground
                 or
                 go
                 forward
                 ,
                 they
                 knew
                 not
                 which
                 way
                 to
                 turn
                 themselves
                 ,
                 or
                 what
                 to
                 do
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 to
                 aggravate
                 the
                 perplexity
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 want
                 of
                 Food
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 desperate
                 condition
                 Epaminondas
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 but
                 a
                 private
                 Soldier
                 )
                 was
                 chosen
                 General
                 by
                 the
                 Army
                 ;
                 who
                 presently
                 plac'd
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 choicest
                 of
                 the
                 Light
                 Arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Horse
                 in
                 the
                 Rear
                 ;
                 with
                 these
                 he
                 repuls'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 that
                 press'd
                 upon
                 the
                 backs
                 of
                 the
                 Beotians
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 frequent
                 skirmishes
                 ,
                 (
                 making
                 head
                 as
                 occasion
                 serv'd
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 keeping
                 his
                 Troops
                 in
                 good
                 Order
                 ,
                 he
                 brought
                 off
                 the
                 Army
                 safe
                 .
                 Thenceforth
                 more
                 and
                 
                 more
                 advancing
                 his
                 own
                 Reputation
                 by
                 his
                 Noble
                 Actions
                 ,
                 he
                 wan
                 Praise
                 and
                 Renown
                 both
                 amongst
                 his
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 their
                 Confederates
                 .
                 But
              
               
                 The
                 *
                 Magistrates
                 of
                 Beotia
                 set
                 great
                 Fines
                 upon
                 the
                 Officers
                 and
                 Leaders
                 in
                 this
                 late
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 rais'd
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Money
                 ;
                 But
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Question
                 may
                 be
                 very
                 well
                 ask'd
                 ,
                 How
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 pass
                 that
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Man
                 was
                 plac'd
                 in
                 so
                 low
                 a
                 Post
                 as
                 a
                 
                   Common
                   Soldier
                
                 in
                 that
                 Expedition
                 into
                 Thessaly
                 ?
                 It
                 's
                 fit
                 a
                 Reason
                 should
                 be
                 given
                 in
                 justification
                 of
                 Epaminondas
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 in
                 the
                 Fight
                 at
                 Corinth
                 beaten
                 off
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 who
                 guarded
                 the
                 Fortification
                 ,
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 kill'd
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 resting
                 satisfy'd
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Pass
                 ,
                 he
                 forbore
                 all
                 further
                 pursuit
                 .
                 Being
                 therefore
                 suspected
                 that
                 he
                 spar'd
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 ingratiate
                 himself
                 into
                 their
                 Favour
                 ;
                 those
                 that
                 envy'd
                 his
                 Glory
                 ,
                 watch'd
                 an
                 opportunity
                 to
                 accuse
                 him
                 of
                 Treason
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 were
                 so
                 exasperated
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 depriv'd
                 him
                 of
                 his
                 Command
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 him
                 to
                 serve
                 as
                 a
                 Common
                 Soldier
                 .
                 But
                 having
                 by
                 his
                 Noble
                 Actions
                 wip'd
                 off
                 those
                 stains
                 of
                 Dishonour
                 cast
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 restor'd
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 his
                 former
                 Dignity
                 .
              
               
                 Not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 a
                 sharp
                 Battel
                 was
                 fought
                 between
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 and
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 former
                 obtain'd
                 a
                 famous
                 Victory
                 ;
                 and
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 Fight
                 since
                 that
                 at
                 
                 Leuctra
                 ,
                 wherein
                 they
                 had
                 any
                 considerable
                 success
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 above
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 of
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 slain
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 one
                 Man
                 lost
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 The
                 Priests
                 at
                 Dodona
                 had
                 before
                 foretold
                 ,
                 That
                 this
                 War
                 should
                 end
                 without
                 any
                 Mourning
                 on
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 part
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 Battle
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 were
                 in
                 that
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 built
                 the
                 City
                 call'd
                 Megalopolis
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 place
                 commodiously
                 situated
                 for
                 their
                 security
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 into
                 it
                 the
                 Menalians
                 ,
                 and
                 Parrhasians
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 Twenty
                 Villages
                 in
                 Arcadia
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 state
                 of
                 Greece
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 
                   Sicily
                   Dionysius
                
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 having
                 rais'd
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 resolved
                 to
                 take
                 advantage
                 of
                 
                 the
                 present
                 Opportunity
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 then
                 but
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 ill
                 Condition
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Plague
                 that
                 rag'd
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 being
                 deserted
                 by
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Africans
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 colour
                 and
                 ground
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 he
                 pretended
                 that
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 Incroach'd
                 and
                 made
                 Incursions
                 into
                 his
                 Country
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 besides
                 a
                 Navy
                 of
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Sail
                 ,
                 with
                 these
                 he
                 Invades
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Territory
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 wan
                 Salinunte
                 and
                 Entella
                 ,
                 and
                 wastes
                 and
                 harrasses
                 all
                 the
                 Country
                 round
                 about
                 :
                 Then
                 taking
                 Aeryx
                 ,
                 he
                 at
                 length
                 besieg'd
                 Lilybeum
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 Garison
                 presently
                 forc'd
                 him
                 to
                 raise
                 his
                 Siege
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 being
                 inform'd
                 that
                 the
                 Arsenals
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 were
                 burnt
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 conceiving
                 their
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 was
                 destroy'd
                 he
                 grew
                 secure
                 and
                 despis'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 laid
                 up
                 Thirty
                 of
                 his
                 best
                 Gallies
                 in
                 the
                 Haven
                 at
                 Eryx
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 back
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 forthwith
                 Mann'd
                 out
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 entring
                 the
                 Port
                 at
                 Eryx
                 ,
                 unexpectedly
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 
                 came
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Ships
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Harbour
                 :
                 But
                 Winter
                 drawing
                 on
                 ,
                 both
                 sides
                 made
                 a
                 Truce
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 with
                 their
                 Armies
                 to
                 Winter
                 Quarters
                 .
                 And
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 fell
                 Sick
                 ,
                 and
                 Died
                 ,
                 having
                 reign'd
                 Thirty
                 
                 Eight
                 years
                 ;
                 whose
                 Son
                 Dionysius
                 succeeded
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 govern'd
                 Twelve
                 years
                 .
              
               
                 Here
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 a
                 matter
                 foreign
                 to
                 the
                 design
                 of
                 our
                 History
                 ,
                 if
                 we
                 relate
                 the
                 Cause
                 of
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 hapned
                 to
                 this
                 Prince
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 caus'd
                 a
                 Tragedy
                 of
                 his
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 Leneians
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 acted
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 was
                 proclaim'd
                 Victor
                 :
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Singers
                 or
                 Musitians
                 in
                 the
                 Chorus
                 ,
                 hop'd
                 to
                 gain
                 an
                 Honourable
                 Reward
                 by
                 bringing
                 him
                 the
                 first
                 News
                 of
                 his
                 Victory
                 :
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 he
                 Sail'd
                 to
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 took
                 Shipping
                 for
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 fair
                 Wind
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 gives
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 Victory
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 Transported
                 with
                 Joy
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 bountifully
                 Rewarded
                 the
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 give
                 thanks
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 by
                 costly
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 for
                 such
                 an
                 happy
                 piece
                 of
                 News
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 splendid
                 Entertainments
                 ,
                 in
                 Feasting
                 and
                 Drinking
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 this
                 sumptuous
                 Reception
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 drinking
                 to
                 Excess
                 ,
                 and
                 overcharging
                 Nature
                 ,
                 he
                 fell
                 into
                 a
                 most
                 violent
                 Distemper
                 ,
                 which
                 kill'd
                 him
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 been
                 formerly
                 forewarn'd
                 by
                 an
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 then
                 die
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 should
                 overcome
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 better
                 than
                 himself
                 .
                 This
                 doubtful
                 Prophecy
                 he
                 appli'd
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 looking
                 upon
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 powerful
                 than
                 he
                 himself
                 .
                 And
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 (
                 tho'
                 he
                 was
                 often
                 Fighting
                 with
                 them
                 )
                 it
                 was
                 his
                 Custom
                 to
                 wave
                 the
                 Victory
                 ,
                 and
                 own
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 overcome
                 .
                 However
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 avoid
                 his
                 Desteny
                 .
                 For
                 tho'
                 he
                 was
                 but
                 an
                 ill
                 Poet
                 ,
                 yet
                 by
                 the
                 Judgment
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 he
                 carry'd
                 away
                 the
                 Victory
                 against
                 those
                 that
                 far
                 excell'd
                 him
                 in
                 that
                 Art
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 his
                 Victory
                 over
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 his
                 death
                 ,
                 very
                 well
                 agreed
                 to
                 the
                 sense
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 the
                 younger
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 call'd
                 a
                 Senate
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 courted
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 desir'd
                 them
                 to
                 continue
                 the
                 same
                 good
                 will
                 and
                 respect
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 born
                 to
                 his
                 Father
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 having
                 first
                 Solemniz'd
                 his
                 Fathers
                 Funeral
                 with
                 great
                 Pomp
                 and
                 State
                 at
                 the
                 King's
                 Gates
                 in
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 he
                 order'd
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 set
                 himself
                 fast
                 in
                 the
                 Throne
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 Polyzelus
                 was
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 :
                 and
                 at
                 Rome
                 (
                 through
                 intestine
                 Broils
                 and
                 Seditions
                 )
                 was
                 nothing
                 but
                 an
                 Anarchy
                 .
                 In
                 
                   Greece
                   ,
                   Alexander
                
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Pherea
                 
                 bearing
                 a
                 grudge
                 to
                 them
                 of
                 Scotusa
                 in
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 call'd
                 them
                 to
                 a
                 Common
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 appear'd
                 ,
                 he
                 encompass'd
                 them
                 with
                 his
                 Guard
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 'em
                 every
                 one
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 threw
                 their
                 Carkasses
                 into
                 the
                 Ditches
                 over
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 plundred
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Epaminondas
                 the
                 Theban
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 broke
                 into
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 with
                 whom
                 join'd
                 the
                 Achaians
                 ,
                 and
                 several
                 other
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 *
                 Dymon
                 ,
                 *
                 Naupachus
                 and
                 *
                 Calydon
                 to
                 their
                 ancient
                 Liberties
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 made
                 another
                 Expedition
                 into
                 Thessaly
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 they
                 freed
                 Pelopidas
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Pherea
                 .
                 The
                 Phliasians
                 were
                 about
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 besieg'd
                 by
                 the
                 Argives
                 :
                 But
                 Chares
                 sent
                 from
                 Athens
                 in
                 Aid
                 of
                 the
                 Phliasians
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 having
                 Routed
                 the
                 Argives
                 in
                 two
                 Battles
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 return'd
                 to
                 Athens
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 Cephisodorus
                 was
                 Created
                 chief
                 Governour
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 clothed
                 with
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 govern'd
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 viz.
                 
                   Lucius
                   Furius
                   ,
                   Paulus
                   Manlius
                   ,
                   Servitius
                   Sulpitius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Servius
                   Cornelius
                
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 Themesio
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 Eretria
                 took
                 Oropus
                 ,
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ;
                 but
                 lost
                 it
                 again
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Athenians
                 coming
                 upon
                 him
                 with
                 far
                 greater
                 Forces
                 than
                 he
                 was
                 able
                 to
                 Cope
                 with
                 ,
                 he
                 appli'd
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 Thebans
                 for
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 the
                 City
                 into
                 their
                 hands
                 (
                 as
                 a
                 pledge
                 )
                 which
                 they
                 never
                 after
                 would
                 Restore
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 Acting
                 ,
                 they
                 of
                 Coos
                 seated
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 *
                 City
                 they
                 now
                 enjoy
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 it
                 into
                 that
                 State
                 and
                 Grandeur
                 it
                 now
                 has
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 was
                 made
                 very
                 Populous
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 large
                 Wall
                 drawn
                 round
                 about
                 it
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 Costs
                 and
                 Expence
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 an
                 excellent
                 Harbour
                 .
                 From
                 this
                 time
                 forward
                 ,
                 it
                 grew
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 both
                 in
                 its
                 publick
                 Revenues
                 ,
                 and
                 private
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Riches
                 of
                 its
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 in
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 it
                 vy'd
                 with
                 the
                 chiefest
                 and
                 most
                 famous
                 Cities
                 .
                 
              
               
                 During
                 these
                 Transactions
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 sent
                 Ambassadours
                 to
                 perswade
                 the
                 Graecians
                 to
                 agree
                 and
                 lay
                 aside
                 their
                 Animosities
                 one
                 against
                 another
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Laconick
                 and
                 Baeotick
                 War
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 call
                 it
                 )
                 which
                 from
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Battle
                 at
                 Leuctra
                 
                 had
                 continu'd
                 above
                 Five
                 Years
                 ,
                 was
                 now
                 at
                 length
                 ended
                 .
                 About
                 these
                 times
                 Flourish'd
                 several
                 famous
                 Men
                 ,
                 worthy
                 for
                 their
                 Learning
                 to
                 be
                 for
                 ever
                 remembred
                 .
                 As
                 Isocrates
                 the
                 Orator
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Schollars
                 ,
                 Aristotle
                 the
                 Philosopher
                 ,
                 and
                 Anaximenes
                 of
                 Lampsacus
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 Plato
                 the
                 Athenian
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 last
                 of
                 the
                 Pythagorean
                 Philosophers
                 .
                 Besides
                 these
                 ,
                 Xenophon
                 the
                 Historian
                 ,
                 (
                 now
                 very
                 old
                 )
                 for
                 he
                 makes
                 mention
                 of
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Epaminondas
                 ,
                 which
                 hapned
                 shortly
                 after
                 this
                 time
                 .
                 Aristippus
                 ,
                 and
                 Antisthenes
                 ,
                 and
                 Echines
                 of
                 Sphetus
                 (
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Schollars
                 of
                 Socrates
                 )
                 were
                 living
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 IX
                 .
              
               
                 
                   New
                   stirs
                   in
                   Greece
                   .
                   The
                   Battle
                   between
                   the
                   Eleans
                   and
                   Arcadians
                   near
                   Lassion
                   .
                   The
                   Quarrel
                   between
                   the
                   Pisate
                   and
                   them
                   of
                   Elis
                   about
                   the
                   Olympick
                   Games
                   .
                   A
                   Fight
                   at
                   the
                   Time
                   and
                   Place
                   of
                   the
                   Games
                   .
                   The
                   Thebans
                   prepare
                   a
                   Fleet
                   in
                   Order
                   to
                   gain
                   the
                   Dominion
                   at
                   Sea.
                   
                     Rhodes
                     ,
                     Chios
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Byzantium
                   brought
                   into
                   the
                   Thebans
                   by
                   Epaminondas
                   .
                   The
                   Thebans
                   make
                   War
                   upon
                   Orchomenon
                   :
                   The
                   Reason
                   .
                   Orchomenon
                   raz'd
                   .
                   The
                   Thessalians
                   War
                   with
                   Alexander
                   the
                   
                     Pheraeen
                     .
                     Pelopidas
                  
                   Kill'd
                   ;
                   his
                   Praises
                   .
                
              
               
                 THIS
                 Year
                 Chion
                 was
                 chief
                 Governour
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 Executed
                 
                 the
                 Consular
                 Authority
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 viz.
                 Quintus
                 *
                 
                   Servius
                   ,
                   Caius
                   Veturius
                   ,
                   Aulus
                   Cornelius
                   ,
                   Marcus
                   Cornelius
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Fabius
                
                 .
                 In
                 their
                 time
                 ,
                 while
                 all
                 Greece
                 was
                 at
                 Peace
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 new
                 Stirs
                 and
                 Preparations
                 for
                 War
                 began
                 to
                 break
                 out
                 ,
                 between
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Exiles
                 of
                 Arcadia
                 made
                 an
                 Excursion
                 out
                 of
                 Elis
                 ,
                 and
                 Seiz'd
                 upon
                 the
                 strong
                 Castle
                 of
                 *
                 Triphilia
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Lassion
                 .
                 The
                 Archadians
                 and
                 Eleans
                 ,
                 had
                 been
                 quarrelling
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 about
                 Triphilia
                 :
                 And
                 upon
                 several
                 Turns
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 first
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 the
                 other
                 got
                 the
                 Possession
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 in
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 ,
                 the
                 Eleans
                 under
                 the
                 Shelter
                 and
                 Colour
                 of
                 the
                 Arcadian
                 Fugitives
                 dispossessed
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 .
                 They
                 ,
                 (
                 Enrag'd
                 at
                 this
                 Affront
                 and
                 Injury
                 ,
                 )
                 by
                 their
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 first
                 demanded
                 the
                 Redelivery
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 but
                 their
                 demand
                 was
                 slighted
                 ,
                 thereupon
                 they
                 procur'd
                 the
                 Athenians
                 to
                 joyn
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 Besieg'd
                 Lassion
                 .
                 
                 But
                 the
                 Eleans
                 came
                 presently
                 into
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Exiles
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 a
                 Battle
                 was
                 Fought
                 near
                 Lassion
                 :
                 In
                 which
                 the
                 Eleans
                 were
                 Routed
                 ,
                 being
                 overpowr'd
                 by
                 number
                 ,
                 and
                 lost
                 above
                 two
                 hundred
                 Men.
                 The
                 Seeds
                 of
                 War
                 being
                 now
                 Sown
                 ,
                 the
                 Controversie
                 between
                 the
                 Eleans
                 and
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 grew
                 hotter
                 every
                 Day
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 pufft
                 up
                 with
                 the
                 late
                 Victory
                 ,
                 presently
                 March'd
                 their
                 Army
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Elis
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 Cities
                 
                   Marganus
                   ,
                   Cronion
                   ,
                   Cyparissia
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Coryphasion
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 
                   Ptolomaeus
                   Alorites
                
                 ,
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 was
                 treacherously
                 Murther'd
                 by
                 his
                 Brother
                 Perdiccas
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 Reign'd
                 three
                 Years
                 ;
                 Perdiccas
                 succeeded
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 enjoy'd
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 five
                 Years
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 Timocrates
                 was
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 three
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 invested
                 
                 with
                 Consular
                 Authority
                 rul'd
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 viz.
                 
                   Titus
                   Quintius
                   ,
                   Servilius
                   Cornelius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Servius
                   Sulpitius
                
                 .
                 The
                 Hundred
                 and
                 fourth
                 Olympiad
                 was
                 now
                 Celebrated
                 by
                 the
                 Pisate
                 and
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 ,
                 where
                 Phocides
                 the
                 Athenian
                 was
                 Victor
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 it
                 happn'd
                 that
                 the
                 *
                 Pisaeans
                 (
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 some
                 old
                 Fables
                 and
                 Stories
                 they
                 had
                 amongst
                 them
                 )
                 to
                 regain
                 the
                 ancient
                 Honour
                 and
                 Dignity
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 challeng'd
                 it
                 as
                 their
                 Right
                 to
                 Convene
                 and
                 Manage
                 the
                 Olympick
                 Games
                 .
                 Judging
                 it
                 therefore
                 now
                 a
                 fit
                 time
                 to
                 dispute
                 this
                 matter
                 ,
                 they
                 took
                 in
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 (
                 the
                 Enemies
                 of
                 the
                 Eleans
                 )
                 as
                 their
                 Confederates
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 :
                 With
                 whose
                 Aid
                 and
                 Assistance
                 they
                 March'd
                 against
                 the
                 *
                 Eleans
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 then
                 appointed
                 the
                 Games
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Eleans
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Forces
                 made
                 out
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 sharp
                 Encounter
                 .
                 The
                 Grecians
                 who
                 were
                 then
                 come
                 together
                 to
                 this
                 Solemnity
                 ,
                 stood
                 as
                 Spectators
                 with
                 Crowns
                 upon
                 their
                 Heads
                 (
                 out
                 of
                 reach
                 of
                 all
                 danger
                 )
                 and
                 at
                 every
                 brave
                 Action
                 of
                 either
                 Party
                 gave
                 up
                 great
                 shouts
                 .
                 The
                 Pisaeans
                 at
                 length
                 being
                 Conquerors
                 manag'd
                 the
                 Sports
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Eleans
                 never
                 accounted
                 this
                 Olympiad
                 in
                 their
                 Annals
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 lookt
                 upon
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 acted
                 by
                 Force
                 ,
                 and
                 against
                 Law.
                 
              
               
                 During
                 these
                 Transactions
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 Epaminondas
                 the
                 Theban
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 in
                 great
                 Esteem
                 among
                 the
                 People
                 )
                 made
                 a
                 Speech
                 to
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 stirr'd
                 them
                 up
                 
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Dominion
                 of
                 the
                 Sea.
                 In
                 this
                 Oration
                 (
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 premeditated
                 long
                 before
                 )
                 he
                 shew'd
                 them
                 that
                 the
                 thing
                 was
                 easily
                 done
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 advantageous
                 and
                 profitable
                 for
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 and
                 amongst
                 other
                 things
                 he
                 likewise
                 told
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 Sovereigns
                 at
                 Land
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 easily
                 Masters
                 at
                 Sea.
                 For
                 altho'
                 the
                 Athenions
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 Xerxes
                 had
                 a
                 Navy
                 of
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Sail
                 well
                 Equipp'd
                 and
                 Furnish'd
                 ;
                 yet
                 they
                 were
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 but
                 Ten.
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 spoken
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 to
                 say
                 sutable
                 to
                 the
                 occasion
                 ,
                 he
                 brought
                 the
                 Thebans
                 to
                 a
                 Compliance
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 was
                 therefore
                 forthwith
                 Decreed
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 that
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 Docks
                 should
                 be
                 built
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 application
                 should
                 be
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Rhodians
                   ,
                   Chians
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 Bizantians
                 for
                 their
                 Assistance
                 to
                 forward
                 the
                 Work.
                 Epaminondas
                 himself
                 being
                 sent
                 away
                 with
                 some
                 Forces
                 to
                 the
                 aforemention'd
                 Cities
                 ,
                 so
                 terrifi'd
                 Lachetes
                 the
                 Athenian
                 General
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 sent
                 with
                 a
                 Strong
                 and
                 well
                 Furnish'd
                 Fleet
                 to
                 obstruct
                 the
                 Designs
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Thebans
                 )
                 that
                 he
                 forc'd
                 him
                 to
                 Sail
                 back
                 ,
                 and
                 reduc'd
                 those
                 Cities
                 to
                 the
                 Obedience
                 of
                 Thebes
                 :
                 And
                 no
                 doubt
                 but
                 if
                 this
                 Man
                 had
                 liv'd
                 some
                 time
                 longer
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 gain'd
                 for
                 the
                 Thebans
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 both
                 at
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land.
                 But
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 being
                 kill'd
                 at
                 the
                 Battle
                 at
                 Mantenea
                 (
                 where
                 he
                 obtain'd
                 a
                 famous
                 Victory
                 for
                 his
                 Country
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 fall
                 )
                 all
                 the
                 prosperity
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 presently
                 dy'd
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 )
                 with
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 we
                 shall
                 Treat
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 more
                 particularly
                 and
                 distinctly
                 shortly
                 hereafter
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 likewise
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 Invade
                 Orchomenon
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Reasons
                 
                 following
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 Theban
                 Fugitives
                 had
                 a
                 purpose
                 to
                 change
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Thebes
                 into
                 an
                 Aristocracy
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 join'd
                 in
                 Confederacy
                 with
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Horsemen
                 of
                 Orchomenon
                 .
                 These
                 Horses
                 were
                 us'd
                 to
                 Rendezvouz
                 at
                 a
                 certain
                 Day
                 appointed
                 and
                 ordered
                 by
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 they
                 contriv'd
                 that
                 at
                 that
                 very
                 Day
                 (
                 when
                 ever
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 )
                 they
                 would
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 being
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 others
                 that
                 were
                 engag'd
                 to
                 be
                 assisting
                 in
                 effecting
                 this
                 Design
                 ,
                 they
                 took
                 a
                 fit
                 opportunity
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 meet
                 together
                 .
                 Then
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 chief
                 Conspirators
                 (
                 who
                 began
                 to
                 repent
                 of
                 the
                 Treason
                 )
                 discovered
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Beotians
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 betraying
                 their
                 fellows
                 ,
                 sav'd
                 their
                 own
                 Lives
                 :
                 Upon
                 this
                 all
                 the
                 Horsemen
                 by
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 were
                 seiz'd
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 afterwards
                 brought
                 before
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 all
                 Judg'd
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Orchomenon
                 should
                 be
                 sold
                 for
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 City
                 raz'd
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
                 The
                 Thebans
                 had
                 born
                 an
                 old
                 grudge
                 towards
                 
                 them
                 of
                 Orchomenon
                 for
                 many
                 Generations
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 times
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Heroes
                 ,
                 they
                 forc'd
                 them
                 to
                 pay
                 Tribute
                 ,
                 till
                 Hercules
                 set
                 them
                 free
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 now
                 got
                 an
                 opportunity
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 good
                 colour
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 conceiv'd
                 )
                 to
                 revenge
                 themselves
                 ,
                 they
                 Marcht
                 with
                 their
                 Forces
                 against
                 Orchomenon
                 .
                 And
                 presently
                 making
                 themselves
                 Masters
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 they
                 put
                 all
                 the
                 Men
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 sold
                 the
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 
                 for
                 Slaves
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 this
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 Pherea
                 ,
                 but
                 being
                 often
                 beaten
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 lost
                 many
                 Men
                 ,
                 they
                 solicited
                 the
                 Thebans
                 to
                 send
                 Aid
                 
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Pelopidas
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 knew
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 brave
                 spirited
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 excellent
                 Commander
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 inveterate
                 Enemy
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 late
                 Imprisonment
                 .
                 The
                 Beotians
                 hereupon
                 call'd
                 a
                 general
                 Council
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 Audience
                 to
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 heard
                 their
                 Message
                 ,
                 they
                 readily
                 comply'd
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 to
                 their
                 request
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 order'd
                 Pelopidas
                 to
                 their
                 assistance
                 ,
                 with
                 Seven
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 presently
                 Obey'd
                 ,
                 and
                 just
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 Marching
                 out
                 with
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 the
                 Sun
                 was
                 Ecclips'd
                 ;
                 which
                 prodigie
                 perplex'd
                 many
                 :
                 for
                 there
                 were
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Soothsayers
                 who
                 declar'd
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 this
                 Marching
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 the
                 Sun
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 should
                 be
                 Ecclips'd
                 ,
                 meaning
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 Pelopidas
                 .
                 However
                 Pelopidas
                 (
                 nothing
                 mov'd
                 with
                 what
                 was
                 said
                 ,
                 but
                 led
                 on
                 by
                 his
                 inevitable
                 destiny
                 )
                 March'd
                 forward
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 into
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 he
                 found
                 that
                 Alexander
                 with
                 above
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Men
                 had
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 higer
                 Grounds
                 :
                 Upon
                 this
                 he
                 Encamp'd
                 in
                 the
                 Face
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 afterwards
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 ,
                 he
                 Fought
                 the
                 Phereans
                 .
                 But
                 Alexander
                 prevailing
                 by
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 Pelopidas
                 (
                 desiring
                 to
                 
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 dispute
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 personal
                 Valour
                 )
                 Charges
                 up
                 to
                 Alexander
                 himself
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 those
                 select
                 Bands
                 that
                 were
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 valiantly
                 stood
                 his
                 Ground
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Battle
                 grew
                 very
                 hot
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Pelopidas
                 acting
                 the
                 part
                 both
                 of
                 a
                 good
                 Soldier
                 and
                 skilful
                 Commander
                 ,
                 cover'd
                 the
                 Place
                 with
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 he
                 put
                 the
                 Enemy
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Victory
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 himself
                 (
                 through
                 many
                 Wounds
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 )
                 fell
                 down
                 Dead
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 Heroically
                 ended
                 his
                 Days
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 Alexander
                 being
                 Conquer'd
                 in
                 another
                 Battle
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 having
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 broken
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 forc'd
                 upon
                 Terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 to
                 restore
                 to
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 all
                 the
                 Towns
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 taken
                 :
                 And
                 to
                 deliver
                 Magnetes
                 and
                 Phithiodis
                 Cities
                 of
                 Achaia
                 ,
                 
                 to
                 the
                 Beotians
                 and
                 be
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 content
                 only
                 with
                 Pherea
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 tho'
                 the
                 Thebans
                 gain'd
                 a
                 glorious
                 Victory
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 declar'd
                 every
                 where
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 Conquer'd
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 Pelopidas
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 lookt
                 upon
                 the
                 Victory
                 not
                 to
                 Compensate
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 so
                 brave
                 a
                 Man.
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 often
                 done
                 many
                 great
                 and
                 worthy
                 Services
                 for
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 enlarg'd
                 the
                 Bounds
                 and
                 Territories
                 of
                 the
                 Theban
                 Commonwealth
                 :
                 As
                 in
                 freeing
                 the
                 City
                 by
                 the
                 Exiles
                 when
                 they
                 recover'd
                 the
                 Citadel
                 of
                 Cadmea
                 ,
                 all
                 generally
                 ascrib'd
                 that
                 noble
                 
                 Action
                 to
                 Pelopidas
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 chief
                 cause
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 advantages
                 ,
                 and
                 happy
                 success
                 
                 that
                 hapned
                 to
                 the
                 Thebans
                 afterwards
                 .
                 Then
                 at
                 the
                 Fight
                 of
                 
                   Tegea
                   ,
                   Pelopidas
                
                 was
                 the
                 only
                 Man
                 of
                 the
                 Boeotarchs
                 that
                 overcame
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 potent
                 People
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
                 Which
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 time
                 the
                 Thebans
                 erected
                 a
                 Trophy
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 )
                 over
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 at
                 the
                 Battle
                 at
                 Leuctra
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 Colonel
                 of
                 the
                 sacred
                 Band
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 broke
                 in
                 upon
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 so
                 became
                 the
                 immediate
                 Author
                 and
                 Instrument
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
                 Besides
                 in
                 the
                 Expeditions
                 against
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 (
                 being
                 General
                 of
                 Seventy
                 thousand
                 Men
                 )
                 he
                 erected
                 a
                 Trophy
                 for
                 his
                 Victory
                 over
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 Face
                 of
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 who
                 never
                 knew
                 before
                 what
                 it
                 meant
                 to
                 be
                 Besieg'd
                 .
                 Being
                 sent
                 Ambassador
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 to
                 Negotiate
                 the
                 affair
                 of
                 the
                 common
                 Pacification
                 he
                 gain'd
                 in
                 that
                 Treaty
                 ,
                 Messena
                 for
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 :
                 Which
                 the
                 Thebans
                 rebuilt
                 after
                 it
                 had
                 lain
                 desolate
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Years
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 at
                 last
                 (
                 in
                 the
                 Battle
                 against
                 Alexander
                 )
                 notwithstanding
                 he
                 far
                 exceeded
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 his
                 Forces
                 )
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 obtain'd
                 a
                 glorious
                 Victory
                 ,
                 but
                 became
                 famous
                 for
                 his
                 extraordinary
                 Valour
                 ,
                 tho'
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 .
                 And
                 during
                 these
                 Wars
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 that
                 reputation
                 among
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 that
                 from
                 the
                 return
                 of
                 the
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 his
                 Death
                 he
                 was
                 always
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Boeotarchs
                 :
                 Never
                 none
                 before
                 being
                 ever
                 thought
                 worthy
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 honour
                 .
                 In
                 as
                 much
                 therefore
                 as
                 Pelopidas
                 
                 was
                 thus
                 highly
                 Esteem'd
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 the
                 reputation
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 Courage
                 and
                 Conduct
                 ,
                 its
                 fit
                 he
                 should
                 have
                 his
                 due
                 Commendation
                 from
                 us
                 likewise
                 ,
                 in
                 this
                 our
                 History
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Clearchus
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Heraclea
                 aspir'd
                 to
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 Pontus
                 :
                 and
                 prevailing
                 in
                 his
                 Enterprize
                 ,
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 whole
                 business
                 to
                 imitate
                 Dionysius
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 and
                 govern'd
                 the
                 Heracleans
                 in
                 great
                 Splendor
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Twelve
                 Years
                 .
              
               
                 During
                 these
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 Timotheus
                 the
                 Athenian
                 General
                 ,
                 having
                 with
                 him
                 both
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 Forces
                 ,
                 Besieg'd
                 Torone
                 ,
                 and
                 Potidea
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 them
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 Rais'd
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Cyzicum
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 X.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   War
                   between
                   the
                   Tegeans
                   and
                   Mantineans
                   .
                   The
                   Beotians
                   side
                   with
                   the
                   
                     Tegeans
                     .
                     Epaminondas
                  
                   made
                   General
                   .
                   The
                   Battle
                   of
                   Mantinea
                   ,
                   where
                   Epaminondas
                   was
                   kill'd
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   Lacedemonians
                   routed
                   .
                   The
                   commendation
                   of
                   Epaminondas
                   .
                
              
               
                 AT
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Yea
                 Chariclides
                 was
                 created
                 Lord
                 Chancelor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ;
                 and
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Aemilius
                   Mamercus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Sextius
                   Lateranus
                   ,
                   Roman
                
                 Consuls
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 time
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 and
                 Piseans
                 (
                 by
                 compact
                 joining
                 together
                 )
                 celebrated
                 the
                 Olympian
                 Games
                 at
                 Olympia
                 ,
                 and
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Riches
                 that
                 were
                 there
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 the
                 Mantineans
                 carry'd
                 away
                 and
                 converted
                 to
                 prophane
                 uses
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Dedicated
                 things
                 ,
                 these
                 Sacrilegious
                 Persons
                 made
                 it
                 their
                 business
                 to
                 promote
                 and
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Eleans
                 ,
                 lest
                 if
                 Peace
                 were
                 made
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 call'd
                 to
                 account
                 for
                 their
                 ill
                 gotten
                 Goods
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 when
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 
                 would
                 have
                 compromiz'd
                 Matters
                 ,
                 they
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 Sedition
                 against
                 their
                 own
                 Countrymen
                 .
                 Being
                 therefore
                 divided
                 into
                 Two
                 Factions
                 ,
                 one
                 headed
                 by
                 the
                 Tegeans
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 by
                 the
                 Mantineans
                 ,
                 the
                 Feud
                 grew
                 to
                 that
                 height
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 last
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 decide
                 the
                 Controversie
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 of
                 Tegea
                 sent
                 an
                 Ambassador
                 to
                 the
                 Beotians
                 to
                 desire
                 their
                 assistance
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Beotians
                 ,
                 without
                 delay
                 ,
                 made
                 Epaminondas
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Army
                 to
                 the
                 aid
                 of
                 the
                 Tegeans
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Mantineans
                 (
                 being
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 the
                 Beotian
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Great
                 Name
                 of
                 Epaminondas
                 )
                 
                 sent
                 their
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 the
                 Capital
                 Enemies
                 of
                 the
                 Beotians
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 Lacedemonians
                 )
                 to
                 sollicite
                 them
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 the
                 Mantineans
                 in
                 the
                 War.
                 Great
                 Forces
                 therefore
                 being
                 rais'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 many
                 great
                 Battles
                 were
                 fought
                 in
                 Peloponnesus
                 ;
                 And
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 (
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 could
                 )
                 broke
                 into
                 Arcadia
                 ,
                 lying
                 next
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 About
                 
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Epaminondas
                 was
                 marching
                 forward
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 come
                 near
                 to
                 Mantinea
                 ,
                 he
                 heard
                 that
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Forces
                 were
                 wasting
                 and
                 spoiling
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 Tegea
                 ;
                 Conceiving
                 therefore
                 that
                 Sparta
                 was
                 left
                 naked
                 ,
                 he
                 undertook
                 a
                 weighty
                 Affair
                 ,
                 but
                 Fortune
                 favour'd
                 not
                 his
                 Enterprize
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 march'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 against
                 Sparta
                 :
                 But
                 Agis
                 King
                 of
                 Lacedemon
                 (
                 suspecting
                 the
                 Craft
                 
                 and
                 Subtilty
                 of
                 Epaminondas
                 )
                 prudently
                 conjectur'd
                 what
                 possibly
                 might
                 be
                 design'd
                 therefore
                 to
                 prevent
                 Epaminondas
                 ,
                 he
                 dispatch'd
                 away
                 some
                 Cretian
                 Couriers
                 to
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 to
                 acquaint
                 them
                 that
                 the
                 Boectians
                 were
                 just
                 then
                 upon
                 their
                 march
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 surprize
                 the
                 
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 himself
                 would
                 make
                 all
                 the
                 hast
                 possibly
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 relieve
                 them
                 :
                 and
                 therefore
                 charg'd
                 them
                 to
                 look
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 to
                 be
                 afraid
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 presently
                 with
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 The
                 Cretians
                 observ'd
                 their
                 Orders
                 with
                 all
                 Expedition
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 (
                 strangely
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 a
                 suddain
                 )
                 prevented
                 the
                 ruine
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 the
                 stratagem
                 had
                 not
                 been
                 discover'd
                 ,
                 Epaminondas
                 had
                 certainly
                 surprizd
                 Sparta
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 Policy
                 and
                 contrivance
                 of
                 both
                 the
                 Generals
                 justly
                 challenge
                 their
                 due
                 praise
                 ;
                 yet
                 the
                 prudent
                 Care
                 of
                 a
                 skilful
                 Commander
                 must
                 here
                 especially
                 be
                 attributed
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Lacedemonian
                   .
                   Epaminondas
                
                 having
                 now
                 march'd
                 all
                 the
                 Night
                 long
                 ,
                 at
                 break
                 of
                 day
                 came
                 up
                 to
                 Sparta
                 But
                 Agesilaus
                 who
                 was
                 left
                 to
                 guard
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 (
                 having
                 had
                 
                 intelligence
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 ,
                 )
                 did
                 what
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 put
                 the
                 City
                 into
                 a
                 posture
                 of
                 Defence
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 he
                 commanded
                 the
                 Boys
                 that
                 were
                 of
                 any
                 considerable
                 bigness
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Old
                 Men
                 to
                 the
                 roofs
                 of
                 the
                 Houses
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 capacity
                 to
                 drive
                 back
                 the
                 Enemy
                 from
                 thence
                 :
                 Then
                 placing
                 all
                 the
                 strong
                 and
                 lusty
                 Men
                 in
                 the
                 several
                 difficult
                 Passes
                 that
                 led
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 blocking
                 up
                 all
                 other
                 places
                 ,
                 where
                 possibly
                 an
                 entrance
                 might
                 be
                 made
                 ,
                 he
                 waited
                 for
                 the
                 coming
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 Epaminondas
                 having
                 divided
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Three
                 parts
                 ,
                 made
                 an
                 Assault
                 round
                 the
                 Town
                 at
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 discern'd
                 in
                 what
                 order
                 the
                 Spartans
                 were
                 
                 plac'd
                 to
                 oppose
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 presently
                 understood
                 that
                 his
                 Design
                 was
                 discover'd
                 :
                 However
                 ,
                 tho'
                 he
                 was
                 much
                 obstructed
                 by
                 the
                 strait
                 and
                 narrow
                 Passages
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fight
                 in
                 small
                 Parties
                 with
                 great
                 Bodies
                 of
                 Men
                 at
                 once
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 were
                 kill'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 draw
                 off
                 till
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 Army
                 came
                 up
                 near
                 unto
                 Sparta
                 .
                 The
                 Spartans
                 therefore
                 being
                 now
                 enforc'd
                 with
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 strength
                 ,
                 and
                 Night
                 coming
                 on
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 off
                 the
                 Assault
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Then
                 he
                 was
                 inform'd
                 by
                 some
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Mantineans
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 were
                 hastning
                 towards
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 he
                 march'd
                 away
                 and
                 encamp'd
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 But
                 presently
                 commanding
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 eat
                 their
                 Suppers
                 ,
                 and
                 leaving
                 there
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 Horse
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 commanded
                 to
                 kindle
                 Fires
                 all
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 away
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 design
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 all
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 in
                 Mantinea
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 (
                 having
                 march'd
                 a
                 long
                 way
                 )
                 he
                 unexpectedly
                 Assaulted
                 them
                 of
                 Mattinea
                 ,
                 but
                 fail'd
                 in
                 his
                 Design
                 ;
                 and
                 tho'
                 he
                 had
                 (
                 as
                 a
                 diligent
                 Commander
                 )
                 provided
                 all
                 things
                 that
                 were
                 necessary
                 
                 yet
                 Fortune
                 now
                 oppos'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 he
                 lost
                 the
                 Prize
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 near
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 then
                 naked
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 any
                 Defence
                 ,
                 Six
                 thousand
                 Athenian
                 Auxiliaries
                 entred
                 into
                 Mantinea
                 at
                 the
                 other
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Hegelocus
                 ,
                 a
                 person
                 of
                 good
                 Esteem
                 among
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ;
                 who
                 having
                 put
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Garison
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 stood
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ready
                 to
                 engage
                 .
                 And
                 presently
                 appear'd
                 the
                 Armies
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 and
                 the
                 Mantineans
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 every
                 one
                 prepar'd
                 to
                 put
                 all
                 
                 to
                 the
                 hazard
                 of
                 a
                 Battle
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 sent
                 for
                 their
                 Allies
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 parts
                 ;
                 The
                 
                   Aeleans
                   ,
                   Lacedemonians
                   ,
                   Athenians
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Mantineans
                 :
                 their
                 Forces
                 amounted
                 to
                 above
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 The
                 most
                 considerable
                 persons
                 of
                 Arcadia
                 for
                 Riches
                 and
                 Valour
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Acheans
                   ,
                   Boeotians
                   ,
                   Argives
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Peloponnesians
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Confederates
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Tegeans
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 above
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 thousand
                 
                 Horse
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Armies
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 took
                 the
                 Field
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 decide
                 the
                 Matter
                 ;
                 and
                 drew
                 up
                 in
                 Battalia
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 Sooth-sayers
                 from
                 the
                 view
                 of
                 the
                 Sacrifices
                 (
                 offer'd
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 )
                 Declar'd
                 Victory
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Parties
                 .
                 The
                 Mantineans
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 (
                 because
                 the
                 War
                 was
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 )
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 ,
                 supported
                 by
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 drawn
                 up
                 next
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 Next
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 were
                 plac'd
                 the
                 Aeleans
                 and
                 Achoeans
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 of
                 the
                 weaker
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 compleated
                 that
                 Wing
                 .
                 The
                 Left
                 Wing
                 consisted
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 :
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 the
                 Thebans
                 plac'd
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 Left
                 Wing
                 ,
                 opposite
                 to
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 Argives
                 held
                 the
                 Right
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 
                   Aeubeans
                   ,
                   Locrians
                   ,
                   Sicyons
                   ,
                   Messineans
                   ,
                   Maleans
                
                 
                 and
                 Aeneans
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Confederates
                 made
                 up
                 the
                 main
                 Battle
                 .
                 The
                 Horse
                 on
                 each
                 side
                 were
                 plac'd
                 on
                 both
                 Flanks
                 .
                 The
                 Armies
                 being
                 thus
                 drawn
                 up
                 ,
                 while
                 they
                 stood
                 facing
                 one
                 another
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Trumpets
                 at
                 length
                 sounded
                 a
                 Charge
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Armies
                 set
                 up
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 shout
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 both
                 sides
                 were
                 assur'd
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
                 The
                 Horse
                 from
                 the
                 Wings
                 first
                 Charg'd
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 greatest
                 Fury
                 imaginable
                 :
                 The
                 Athenian
                 Horse
                 Charged
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 worsted
                 ,
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 by
                 the
                 Valour
                 and
                 
                 Hardiness
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 or
                 their
                 skill
                 in
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 in
                 these
                 the
                 Athenians
                 were
                 inferior
                 to
                 none
                 )
                 as
                 by
                 their
                 number
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 better
                 Arm'd
                 and
                 appointed
                 ,
                 and
                 far
                 exceeding
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 Order
                 and
                 manner
                 of
                 Battle
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Athenians
                 had
                 very
                 few
                 Darters
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 whereas
                 the
                 Thebans
                 had
                 thrice
                 as
                 many
                 ,
                 besides
                 Slingers
                 and
                 Archers
                 from
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 us'd
                 to
                 be
                 exercis'd
                 in
                 that
                 way
                 of
                 Fighting
                 from
                 their
                 Childhood
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 were
                 always
                 very
                 serviceable
                 in
                 all
                 Encounters
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Athenians
                 therefore
                 ,
                 what
                 with
                 being
                 Gaul'd
                 by
                 the
                 Light
                 Arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 over-power'd
                 by
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fly
                 .
                 Yet
                 because
                 they
                 fled
                 out
                 from
                 the
                 Wings
                 ,
                 they
                 easily
                 repair'd
                 the
                 Damage
                 they
                 sustain'd
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 broke
                 not
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Foot
                 in
                 their
                 flight
                 ,
                 but
                 falling
                 in
                 with
                 some
                 Eubeans
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 out
                 before
                 to
                 take
                 in
                 some
                 Hills
                 near
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 (
                 with
                 whom
                 they
                 had
                 a
                 sharp
                 Engagement
                 )
                 they
                 put
                 every
                 Man
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Sword.
                 For
                 the
                 Theban
                 Horse
                 did
                 not
                 pursue
                 them
                 that
                 fled
                 ,
                 but
                 Charg'd
                 in
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Foot
                 with
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 break
                 through
                 'em
                 :
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Dispute
                 was
                 very
                 hot
                 and
                 sharp
                 ;
                 but
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 Athenians
                 fled
                 outright
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Colonel
                 of
                 the
                 Aelean
                 Horse
                 who
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 Rear-guard
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Army
                 )
                 succour'd
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 cuting
                 off
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Boetians
                 ,
                 renew'd
                 the
                 Fight
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 was
                 the
                 Rout
                 in
                 the
                 Athenians
                 Left
                 Wing
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 measure
                 repair'd
                 by
                 the
                 Aelean
                 Horsemen
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Engagement
                 by
                 the
                 Horse
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 Wing
                 ,
                 the
                 success
                 was
                 doubtful
                 a
                 little
                 while
                 .
                 But
                 within
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 the
                 Mantineans
                 were
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Rout
                 by
                 the
                 multitude
                 and
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 Boeotian
                 and
                 Thessalian
                 Horsemen
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 great
                 Loss
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fly
                 for
                 shelter
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Battalion
                 of
                 Foot.
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 issue
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Engagement
                 between
                 the
                 Horse
                 .
                 The
                 Foot
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 Engag'd
                 fought
                 with
                 wonderful
                 heat
                 and
                 resolution
                 .
                 Never
                 was
                 there
                 greater
                 Armies
                 in
                 the
                 Field
                 in
                 any
                 Battle
                 between
                 Grecians
                 and
                 Grecians
                 ;
                 nor
                 more
                 brave
                 and
                 excellent
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 ever
                 approv'd
                 themselves
                 with
                 more
                 Valour
                 and
                 Courage
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 and
                 Lacedemonians
                 who
                 were
                 in
                 that
                 Age
                 counted
                 the
                 best
                 Land
                 Soldiers
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 fronted
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 began
                 the
                 Onset
                 with
                 that
                 Fury
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 valu'd
                 not
                 their
                 Lives
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 .
                 They
                 first
                 began
                 with
                 their
                 Lances
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 broken
                 in
                 pieces
                 by
                 the
                 violence
                 and
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Charge
                 ,
                 they
                 fell
                 to
                 their
                 Swords
                 .
                 Then
                 setting
                 Foot
                 to
                 Foot
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Wounds
                 ,
                 curable
                 and
                 Mortal
                 ,
                 slight
                 and
                 deadly
                 ,
                 were
                 given
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 without
                 remitting
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 their
                 first
                 Heat
                 or
                 Resolution
                 ;
                 And
                 they
                 continu'd
                 in
                 this
                 sharp
                 Engagement
                 with
                 that
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 long
                 a
                 time
                 (
                 neither
                 side
                 giving
                 the
                 least
                 ground
                 )
                 that
                 Victory
                 seem'd
                 to
                 hover
                 over
                 both
                 (
                 uncertain
                 where
                 it
                 would
                 fall
                 )
                 For
                 every
                 one
                 slighted
                 and
                 contemn'd
                 Danger
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 desiring
                 nothing
                 more
                 
                 than
                 to
                 make
                 himself
                 remarkable
                 by
                 some
                 Glorious
                 piece
                 of
                 Service
                 for
                 his
                 Country
                 )
                 with
                 a
                 brave
                 Gallantry
                 of
                 Mind
                 coveted
                 to
                 exchange
                 Life
                 for
                 Honour
                 .
                 After
                 the
                 Battle
                 had
                 continu'd
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 none
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 judge
                 who
                 would
                 be
                 the
                 Conquerors
                 ;
                 Epaminondas
                 (
                 conceiving
                 the
                 present
                 state
                 of
                 the
                 Parties
                 engag'd
                 requir'd
                 his
                 assistance
                 )
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 decide
                 the
                 Matter
                 with
                 the
                 hazard
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Life
                 .
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 taking
                 a
                 choice
                 Band
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 able
                 Men
                 he
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 drawing
                 them
                 up
                 in
                 close
                 Order
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 Charg'd
                 at
                 the
                 head
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 cast
                 his
                 Javelin
                 and
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Lacedemonian
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 broke
                 into
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ;
                 
                 then
                 others
                 presently
                 following
                 (
                 beating
                 down
                 all
                 before
                 him
                 )
                 he
                 clave
                 asunder
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Battle
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Fame
                 of
                 Epaminondas
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 that
                 Body
                 he
                 then
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 struck
                 such
                 a
                 Terror
                 into
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 turn'd
                 their
                 backs
                 ,
                 and
                 began
                 to
                 make
                 away
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 pursu'd
                 close
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Rear
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 heaps
                 of
                 Carkasses
                 cover'd
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 when
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 perceiv'd
                 that
                 the
                 fierceness
                 and
                 heat
                 of
                 Epaminondas
                 had
                 precipitated
                 him
                 too
                 far
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 made
                 up
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 throwing
                 infinite
                 number
                 of
                 Darts
                 at
                 him
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 put
                 by
                 some
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 others
                 upon
                 his
                 Target
                 ,
                 and
                 pluckt
                 others
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 hands
                 ,
                 and
                 threw
                 them
                 back
                 into
                 the
                 face
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 At
                 last
                 whilst
                 he
                 was
                 most
                 Heroically
                 bestirring
                 himself
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Victory
                 for
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 a
                 Mortal
                 wound
                 in
                 his
                 Breast
                 by
                 a
                 Dart
                 *
                 thrown
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 force
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 Wood
                 broke
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Iron
                 with
                 the
                 Trunchion
                 remain'd
                 in
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 wound
                 he
                 suddenly
                 fell
                 to
                 the
                 ground
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Contest
                 grew
                 very
                 sharp
                 and
                 hot
                 for
                 the
                 recovery
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 a
                 great
                 slaughter
                 made
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 being
                 of
                 much
                 stronger
                 Bodies
                 than
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 put
                 their
                 Enemies
                 to
                 flight
                 .
                 The
                 Boeotians
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 a
                 little
                 way
                 ,
                 but
                 presently
                 return'd
                 ,
                 as
                 looking
                 upon
                 it
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 Bodies
                 .
                 The
                 Trumpets
                 therefore
                 sounding
                 a
                 Retreat
                 ,
                 both
                 Armies
                 drew
                 off
                 ;
                 and
                 each
                 party
                 erected
                 a
                 Trophy
                 ,
                 both
                 pretending
                 to
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Athenians
                 possess'd
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 Eubeans
                 and
                 Mercenaries
                 that
                 were
                 slain
                 at
                 the
                 Hill
                 :
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 
                 that
                 had
                 routed
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 Masters
                 of
                 the
                 dead
                 ,
                 challeng'd
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 neither
                 side
                 sent
                 any
                 Trumpets
                 to
                 Treat
                 for
                 burying
                 the
                 
                 Dead
                 ,
                 lest
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 first
                 should
                 be
                 thought
                 to
                 yield
                 the
                 day
                 .
                 Yet
                 at
                 last
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 first
                 sent
                 a
                 Trumpet
                 to
                 procure
                 Liberty
                 to
                 bury
                 their
                 Men
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 all
                 were
                 buried
                 that
                 were
                 slain
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Epaminondas
                 (
                 yet
                 living
                 )
                 was
                 brought
                 back
                 into
                 the
                 Camp
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Physitians
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 for
                 ,
                 told
                 him
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 certainly
                 Die
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Dart
                 was
                 drawn
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 daunted
                 :
                 But
                 first
                 call'd
                 for
                 his
                 Armour-bearer
                 ,
                 and
                 ask'd
                 whether
                 his
                 Shield
                 was
                 safe
                 ?
                 When
                 he
                 answer'd
                 it
                 was
                 ,
                 and
                 shew'd
                 it
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 then
                 he
                 enquir'd
                 whether
                 side
                 had
                 got
                 the
                 day
                 .
                 The
                 Youth
                 making
                 return
                 that
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 were
                 Victors
                 :
                 Why
                 then
                 ,
                 saith
                 he
                 ,
                 
                   Now
                   is
                   the
                   time
                   to
                   die
                   :
                
                 And
                 forthwith
                 order'd
                 the
                 Dart
                 to
                 be
                 drawn
                 out
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 all
                 his
                 Friends
                 round
                 about
                 him
                 cry'd
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 with
                 great
                 Lamentation
                 express'd
                 himself
                 thus
                 ;
                 
                   And
                   what
                
                 ,
                 O
                 Epaminondas
                 ,
                 
                   Dost
                   thou
                   die
                   Childless
                   ?
                   No
                   ,
                   by
                
                 Jupiter
                 (
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 )
                 
                   But
                   I
                   leave
                   behind
                   me
                   Two
                   Daughters
                   ,
                   whereof
                   the
                   one
                   is
                
                 Victory
                 at
                 Leuctra
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   at
                
                 Mantinea
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 upon
                 drawing
                 out
                 the
                 head
                 of
                 the
                 Dart
                 ,
                 he
                 quietly
                 breath'd
                 out
                 his
                 last
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 shew
                 of
                 Trouble
                 ,
                 or
                 Disorder
                 
                 of
                 Mind
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 because
                 it
                 was
                 our
                 usual
                 Method
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 Honourable
                 Testimony
                 of
                 Worthy
                 and
                 Deserving
                 Men
                 after
                 their
                 Deaths
                 ,
                 we
                 think
                 we
                 might
                 be
                 justly
                 blam'd
                 if
                 we
                 should
                 
                 omit
                 so
                 brave
                 a
                 Man
                 ,
                 without
                 a
                 peculiar
                 remark
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 seems
                 to
                 me
                 to
                 be
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 most
                 skilful
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Just
                 and
                 Generous
                 Disposition
                 of
                 any
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 time
                 ,
                 (
                 among
                 whom
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 were
                 Pelopidas
                 the
                 
                   Theban
                   ,
                   Timotheus
                   ,
                   Conon
                   ,
                   Chabrias
                   ,
                   Iphicrates
                   ,
                   Athenians
                   ,
                
                 and
                 Agesilaus
                 the
                 Spartan
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 him
                 )
                 but
                 likewise
                 
                 of
                 any
                 that
                 liv'd
                 before
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Medes
                 and
                 Persians
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Solon
                   ,
                   Themistocles
                   ,
                   Miltiades
                   ,
                   Cimon
                   ,
                   Mironides
                   ,
                   Pericles
                   ,
                
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Athenians
                 ;
                 and
                 Gelo
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Dinomenes
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 ,
                 whose
                 several
                 Excellencies
                 if
                 any
                 will
                 compare
                 with
                 the
                 Military
                 Art
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 the
                 Arms
                 of
                 Epaminondas
                 ,
                 he
                 shall
                 soon
                 find
                 him
                 to
                 exceed
                 them
                 in
                 many
                 degrees
                 .
                 For
                 among
                 them
                 some
                 one
                 peculiar
                 Excellency
                 was
                 only
                 remarkable
                 in
                 each
                 particular
                 Person
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 him
                 a
                 Constellation
                 of
                 Virtues
                 were
                 Hous'd
                 together
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 Strength
                 and
                 Comliness
                 of
                 Body
                 ,
                 Volubility
                 of
                 Tongue
                 ,
                 Gallantness
                 of
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 Contempt
                 of
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 and
                 impartial
                 Justice
                 (
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 far
                 before
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 )
                 in
                 Valour
                 and
                 Skill
                 in
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 (
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 General
                 )
                 he
                 far
                 excell'd
                 'em
                 all
                 .
                 When
                 alive
                 ,
                 he
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 for
                 his
                 Country
                 ;
                 but
                 by
                 his
                 Death
                 they
                 lost
                 it
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Affairs
                 declin'd
                 to
                 the
                 worse
                 ever
                 afterwards
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 by
                 the
                 Sloth
                 and
                 Ignorance
                 of
                 their
                 Commanders
                 they
                 were
                 utterly
                 ruin'd
                 ,
                 and
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 perfect
                 Slavery
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 Epaminondas
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 honoured
                 ,
                 and
                 esteemed
                 of
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 Battle
                 ,
                 the
                 Grecians
                 being
                 tir'd
                 out
                 with
                 continual
                 Wars
                 ,
                 and
                 contented
                 now
                 to
                 draw
                 stakes
                 ,
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 entred
                 into
                 a
                 general
                 League
                 Offensive
                 and
                 Defensive
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Messineans
                 were
                 included
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 (
                 by
                 
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 implacable
                 Hatred
                 they
                 bore
                 the
                 Messineans
                 )
                 would
                 not
                 subscribe
                 the
                 Articles
                 of
                 Peace
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 they
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Grecians
                 were
                 the
                 only
                 Men
                 that
                 swore
                 not
                 to
                 the
                 League
                 .
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 Writers
                 in
                 this
                 year
                 ;
                 Xenophon
                 the
                 Athenian
                 concludes
                 his
                 History
                 of
                 the
                 Wars
                 of
                 Greece
                 with
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 
                   Epaminondas
                   .
                   Anaximenes
                
                 likewise
                 
                 of
                 Lampsacus
                 writ
                 the
                 First
                 Part
                 of
                 his
                 History
                 of
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Affairs
                 *
                 from
                 the
                 Origin
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 First
                 Being
                 of
                 Mankind
                 to
                 the
                 Battle
                 of
                 Mantinea
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 Epaminondas
                 ,
                 containing
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Affairs
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 and
                 Barbarians
                 in
                 Twelve
                 Volumes
                 .
                 
                   Lastly
                   Philistus
                
                 ,
                 who
                 writ
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 the
                 younger
                 in
                 Two
                 Books
                 ,
                 ends
                 them
                 here
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XI
                 .
              
               
                 
                   A
                   Defection
                   from
                   the
                   Persians
                   in
                   
                     Asia
                     .
                     Tachos
                  
                   King
                   of
                   Aegypt
                   declares
                   War
                   against
                   the
                   Persians
                   .
                   The
                   War
                   between
                   Tachos
                   and
                   his
                   Son
                   Nectabanus
                   .
                   The
                   Death
                   of
                   
                     Artaxerxes
                     Mnemon
                     .
                     Agesilaus
                  
                   Routs
                   the
                   Aegyptians
                   that
                   pursu'd
                   him
                   ;
                   and
                   restores
                   Tachos
                   to
                   his
                   Kingdom
                   :
                   Stirs
                   again
                   in
                   Greece
                   after
                   the
                   Battle
                   of
                   Mantinea
                   ,
                   between
                   the
                   Megalopolitans
                   and
                   the
                   Neighbouring
                   Towns.
                   Peparethos
                   Besieg'd
                   by
                   Alexander
                   of
                   Pherea
                   .
                   He
                   Routs
                   Leosthenes
                   at
                   Sea.
                   Charietes
                   the
                   Athenian
                   Admiral
                   ,
                   his
                   Villanies
                   .
                
              
               
                 THIS
                 Year
                 ,
                 Molon
                 was
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Genucius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Quintus
                 
                 
                   Servilius
                   Roman
                
                 Consuls
                 .
                 In
                 their
                 times
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 defection
                 from
                 the
                 Persians
                 ;
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 Chief
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 began
                 new
                 Broils
                 ,
                 and
                 rose
                 up
                 in
                 Arms
                 against
                 
                   Artaxerxes
                   .
                   Tachos
                
                 likewise
                 King
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 declar'd
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 and
                 imploy'd
                 
                 himself
                 in
                 Building
                 of
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 raising
                 of
                 Land
                 Forces
                 :
                 he
                 brought
                 over
                 also
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 hir'd
                 many
                 Soldiers
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Spartans
                 bore
                 a
                 grudge
                 against
                 Artaxerxes
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 had
                 order'd
                 the
                 Messinians
                 to
                 be
                 comprehended
                 in
                 the
                 publick
                 League
                 among
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
                 This
                 great
                 Conspiracy
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Persian
                 King
                 likewise
                 to
                 bestir
                 himself
                 to
                 raise
                 Forces
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 ingage
                 in
                 a
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Cities
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 and
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lord
                 Lieutenants
                 and
                 Chief
                 Commanders
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 ,
                 all
                 at
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 .
                 Among
                 these
                 ,
                 Ariobarzanes
                 Lord
                 Lieutenant
                 of
                 Phrygia
                 was
                 Chiefest
                 ;
                 who
                 had
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Mithridates
                 after
                 his
                 Death
                 :
                 With
                 him
                 join'd
                 Mausolus
                 Prince
                 of
                 Caria
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 many
                 considerable
                 Towns
                 and
                 Castles
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 ,
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 of
                 which
                 was
                 Halicarnassus
                 ,
                 wherein
                 was
                 a
                 most
                 stately
                 Citadel
                 ,
                 the
                 Royal
                 Seat
                 or
                 Palace
                 of
                 Caria
                 ;
                 and
                 with
                 these
                 were
                 Confederated
                 Orontes
                 Governor
                 of
                 Mysia
                 ,
                 and
                 Autophrodates
                 of
                 Lydia
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Ionian
                 Nation
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Lycians
                   ,
                   Pisidians
                   ,
                   Pamphylians
                
                 and
                 Cilicians
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Syrians
                 ,
                 and
                 Phenicians
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 all
                 that
                 border'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Asiatick
                 Sea
                 :
                 by
                 this
                 great
                 defection
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 lost
                 one
                 half
                 of
                 his
                 Revenues
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 remain'd
                 was
                 not
                 sufficient
                 to
                 defray
                 the
                 necessary
                 charges
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 They
                 who
                 fell
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 made
                 Orontes
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 who
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Command
                 ,
                 and
                 Moneys
                 enough
                 to
                 pay
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 hir'd
                 Soldiers
                 for
                 one
                 whole
                 Year
                 ,
                 betray'd
                 the
                 Confederates
                 that
                 had
                 so
                 intrusted
                 him
                 .
                 For
                 
                 being
                 corrupted
                 with
                 large
                 Bribes
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 only
                 Governour
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Provinces
                 bordering
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 deliver
                 up
                 the
                 Rebels
                 into
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 wrought
                 upon
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 execution
                 of
                 his
                 Treachery
                 ,
                 he
                 first
                 Seiz'd
                 upon
                 them
                 that
                 brought
                 him
                 the
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 them
                 Prisoners
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 betray'd
                 several
                 Cities
                 and
                 Companies
                 of
                 hir'd
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 to
                 such
                 Lieutenants
                 as
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 sent
                 into
                 those
                 parts
                 .
                 The
                 like
                 Treachery
                 happen'd
                 in
                 Capadocia
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 accompany'd
                 with
                 something
                 more
                 than
                 ordinary
                 remarkable
                 .
                 Artabazus
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia's
                 General
                 ,
                 had
                 invaded
                 Capadocia
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 whom
                 Datamis
                 the
                 Governour
                 of
                 that
                 Province
                 oppos'd
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Body
                 of
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 of
                 Mercenaries
                 .
                 The
                 Father
                 in
                 Law
                 of
                 Datamis
                 ,
                 and
                 General
                 of
                 his
                 Horse
                 (
                 to
                 ingratiate
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 and
                 provide
                 for
                 his
                 own
                 safety
                 )
                 stole
                 away
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 with
                 the
                 Horse
                 to
                 Artabazus
                 ,
                 having
                 so
                 agreed
                 with
                 him
                 the
                 Day
                 before
                 .
                 Datamis
                 (
                 encouraging
                 his
                 Mercenaries
                 to
                 be
                 faithful
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 by
                 promises
                 to
                 Reward
                 them
                 liberally
                 )
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 March'd
                 after
                 these
                 Treacherous
                 Rascals
                 ,
                 and
                 overtook
                 them
                 just
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 
                 joyning
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 of
                 Artabazus
                 ,
                 likewise
                 fell
                 upon
                 these
                 Runnagate
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 all
                 before
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 Artabazus
                 (
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 being
                 Ignorant
                 ,
                 not
                 knowing
                 the
                 meaning
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 )
                 thought
                 that
                 he
                 who
                 had
                 betray'd
                 Datamis
                 ,
                 was
                 now
                 acting
                 a
                 new
                 piece
                 of
                 Treason
                 ;
                 therefore
                 he
                 Commanded
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 advancing
                 towards
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 spare
                 a
                 Man.
                 So
                 that
                 Mithrobarzanes
                 (
                 for
                 that
                 was
                 the
                 Traytor
                 's
                 Name
                 )
                 being
                 got
                 between
                 them
                 that
                 took
                 him
                 for
                 a
                 Traytor
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 pursu'd
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 that
                 they
                 knew
                 was
                 really
                 such
                 ;
                 was
                 in
                 an
                 inextricable
                 Labyrinth
                 :
                 Being
                 therefore
                 in
                 this
                 strait
                 (
                 and
                 having
                 no
                 time
                 
                 
                 now
                 further
                 to
                 Consider
                 )
                 he
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 business
                 to
                 defend
                 himself
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Resolution
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 ply'd
                 both
                 parties
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 slaughter
                 amongst
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Men
                 and
                 upwards
                 being
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 Datamis
                 put
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 Flight
                 ,
                 and
                 Cut
                 off
                 in
                 the
                 pursuit
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Trumpet
                 to
                 sound
                 a
                 Retreat
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 off
                 his
                 Men.
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 Horsemen
                 that
                 surviv'd
                 return'd
                 to
                 Datamis
                 and
                 begg'd
                 for
                 pardon
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 wander'd
                 about
                 ,
                 and
                 knew
                 not
                 whither
                 to
                 turn
                 themselves
                 .
                 But
                 Datamis
                 caus'd
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 surround
                 Five
                 hundred
                 of
                 those
                 Traytors
                 and
                 to
                 dart
                 them
                 to
                 Death
                 .
                 And
                 tho'
                 he
                 had
                 formerly
                 gain'd
                 the
                 reputation
                 of
                 an
                 excellent
                 Soldier
                 ;
                 yet
                 now
                 by
                 this
                 instance
                 of
                 his
                 Valour
                 and
                 prudent
                 Conduct
                 ,
                 his
                 Name
                 grew
                 much
                 more
                 famous
                 than
                 before
                 .
                 Artaxerxes
                 the
                 King
                 being
                 inform'd
                 of
                 this
                 Stratagem
                 ,
                 made
                 all
                 the
                 haste
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 be
                 rid
                 of
                 Datamis
                 ,
                 and
                 within
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 cut
                 him
                 off
                 by
                 an
                 Ambuscade
                 ▪
              
               
                 Whilst
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 in
                 acting
                 ,
                 Rheomithres
                 was
                 sent
                 by
                 the
                 Rebels
                 into
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 to
                 
                 Tacho
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 receiv'd
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 ,
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Sail
                 of
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 to
                 Leucas
                 in
                 Asia
                 ;
                 and
                 sending
                 for
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 revolting
                 Lords
                 ,
                 and
                 Officers
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 him
                 thither
                 ,
                 he
                 laid
                 hold
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 them
                 all
                 away
                 Prisoners
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 piece
                 of
                 Treachery
                 regain'd
                 the
                 King's
                 favour
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 formerly
                 much
                 displeas'd
                 with
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 Tacho
                 King
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 had
                 prepar'd
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 
                 had
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Sail
                 ,
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Grecian
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 Fourscore
                 thousand
                 Aegyptian
                 Foot.
                 He
                 gave
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Mercenaries
                 to
                 Agesilaus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 sent
                 from
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 with
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 to
                 the
                 Aid
                 of
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 ;
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 counted
                 the
                 best
                 Soldier
                 of
                 any
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 the
                 repute
                 of
                 a
                 most
                 expert
                 Commander
                 .
                 Chabrias
                 was
                 made
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 not
                 sent
                 there
                 by
                 publick
                 Authority
                 ,
                 but
                 (
                 upon
                 the
                 persuasion
                 of
                 
                   Tachos
                   ,
                
                 )
                 serv'd
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 private
                 Man
                 ,
                 The
                 King
                 reserv'd
                 to
                 himself
                 the
                 Generalship
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Army
                 .
                 But
                 Agesilaus
                 would
                 have
                 persuaded
                 him
                 to
                 continue
                 in
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 manage
                 the
                 War
                 by
                 his
                 Lieutenants
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 hearken
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 tho
                 he
                 advis'd
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 best
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 Army
                 was
                 far
                 distant
                 from
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 encamp'd
                 in
                 Phenicia
                 ,
                 the
                 Governour
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 deputed
                 in
                 his
                 absence
                 ,
                 revolted
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 to
                 Nectanabus
                 the
                 *
                 King's
                 Son
                 to
                 take
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 which
                 kindled
                 
                 the
                 Sparks
                 which
                 afterward
                 broke
                 forth
                 into
                 a
                 most
                 cruel
                 and
                 bloody
                 War.
                 For
                 Nectanabus
                 being
                 made
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Aegyptian
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 before
                 sent
                 out
                 of
                 Phenicia
                 to
                 take
                 in
                 some
                 Cities
                 in
                 Syria
                 ,
                 being
                 privy
                 and
                 consenting
                 to
                 the
                 Treason
                 against
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 drew
                 the
                 Commanders
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ▪
                 by
                 large
                 Gifts
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 by
                 as
                 large
                 promises
                 ,
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 War.
                 Aegypt
                 therefore
                 being
                 now
                 possessed
                 by
                 the
                 Rebels
                 ,
                 Tachos
                 was
                 so
                 terrifi'd
                 at
                 the
                 thing
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 fled
                 through
                 Arabia
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 and
                 beg'd
                 his
                 pardon
                 for
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 ;
                 whom
                 ,
                 Artaxerxes
                 not
                 only
                 forgave
                 ,
                 but
                 made
                 him
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 he
                 had
                 rais'd
                 against
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 .
              
               
                 Not
                 long
                 after
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 dy'd
                 ,
                 having
                 Reign'd
                 Three
                 and
                 fourty
                 Years
                 .
                 Ochus
                 succeeded
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 govern'd
                 .
                 Three
                 and
                 twenty
                 Years
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 sirname
                 of
                 Artaxerxes
                 .
                 For
                 Artaxerxes
                 ruling
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 with
                 great
                 Justice
                 and
                 Integrity
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 an
                 earnest
                 promoter
                 and
                 lover
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 prosperous
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 the
                 Persians
                 decreed
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 succeeding
                 Kings
                 should
                 be
                 call'd
                 by
                 his
                 Name
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 Tacho
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Egypt
                 return'd
                 to
                 Agesilaus
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 Nectanabus
                 led
                 above
                 
                 an
                 Hundred
                 thousand
                 Men
                 against
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 and
                 dar'd
                 him
                 to
                 try
                 his
                 Title
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 by
                 the
                 Sword.
                 When
                 Agesilaus
                 discern'd
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 fearful
                 ,
                 not
                 daring
                 to
                 Engage
                 ,
                 he
                 heartned
                 him
                 up
                 all
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 and
                 bid
                 him
                 be
                 of
                 good
                 Courage
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 Number
                 ;
                 but
                 Valour
                 that
                 carry'd
                 away
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
                 But
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 prevail
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 go
                 back
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 into
                 a
                 certain
                 large
                 City
                 ,
                 there
                 to
                 shelter
                 himself
                 ;
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 presently
                 Besieg'd
                 by
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 ,
                 who
                 after
                 the
                 loss
                 
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 their
                 Men
                 in
                 assaulting
                 the
                 Town
                 ;
                 drew
                 a
                 Trench
                 and
                 a
                 Wall
                 round
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 suddenly
                 finish'd
                 by
                 having
                 many
                 hands
                 at
                 Work.
                 At
                 length
                 when
                 Provision
                 fail'd
                 ,
                 Tacho
                 gave
                 up
                 all
                 for
                 gone
                 :
                 But
                 Agesilaus
                 (
                 encouraging
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 telling
                 'em
                 all
                 would
                 be
                 well
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 broke
                 through
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Guards
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 admiration
                 got
                 off
                 safe
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Men
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 (
                 pursuing
                 close
                 at
                 their
                 Heels
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 in
                 an
                 open
                 Champion
                 Country
                 )
                 purpos'd
                 by
                 their
                 great
                 Numbers
                 to
                 inclose
                 them
                 round
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 to
                 Cut
                 them
                 off
                 every
                 Man.
                 
              
               
                 But
                 Agesilaus
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 having
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 a
                 place
                 secur'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 by
                 Water
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 River
                 (
                 convey'd
                 through
                 Sluces
                 and
                 Trenches
                 made
                 by
                 Art
                 )
                 waited
                 there
                 for
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 And
                 having
                 drawn
                 up
                 his
                 Men
                 in
                 such
                 Order
                 as
                 best
                 suted
                 with
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 being
                 defended
                 by
                 the
                 Arms
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 
                 hem'd
                 in
                 )
                 he
                 there
                 fought
                 with
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 :
                 Whose
                 numbers
                 were
                 of
                 so
                 little
                 advantage
                 
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 that
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Grecians
                 Valour
                 so
                 far
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 Agesilaus
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 slaughter
                 amongst
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 flight
                 .
                 After
                 which
                 Tacho
                 was
                 easily
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 little
                 ado
                 restor'd
                 to
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 rewarded
                 Agesilaus
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 only
                 Instrument
                 of
                 his
                 Restauration
                 )
                 by
                 many
                 honourable
                 Gifts
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 dismiss'd
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 his
                 return
                 Homewards
                 fell
                 Sick
                 in
                 Cyrene
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 Dy'd
                 .
                 His
                 Body
                 was
                 made
                 up
                 with
                 Honey
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 back
                 to
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 royally
                 Interr'd
                 .
              
               
                 Hitherto
                 things
                 proceeded
                 this
                 Year
                 in
                 Asia
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 Peloponnesus
                 tho'
                 after
                 the
                 Battle
                 at
                 
                 Mantinea
                 a
                 general
                 Peace
                 was
                 made
                 among
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 scarce
                 observ'd
                 the
                 League
                 for
                 one
                 Year
                 ,
                 but
                 fell
                 into
                 new
                 Broyls
                 ,
                 and
                 Wars
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Articles
                 of
                 the
                 League
                 ,
                 that
                 every
                 one
                 should
                 return
                 from
                 the
                 Battle
                 into
                 their
                 several
                 Countries
                 .
                 Therefore
                 those
                 neighbouring
                 Cities
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 Translated
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 to
                 Seat
                 themselves
                 in
                 Megalopolis
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 then
                 they
                 bore
                 very
                 grievously
                 )
                 now
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 ,
                 return'd
                 to
                 their
                 old
                 Habitations
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 other
                 Megalopolitans
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 force
                 them
                 to
                 leave
                 their
                 ancient
                 Seats
                 again
                 .
                 Hence
                 arose
                 a
                 great
                 Contest
                 ;
                 they
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 Towns
                 crav'd
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Mantineans
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 of
                 the
                 Eleans
                 and
                 other
                 Confederates
                 of
                 Mantinea
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 Hand
                 ,
                 they
                 of
                 Megalopolis
                 address'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 for
                 their
                 Aid
                 and
                 Assistance
                 ;
                 who
                 (
                 without
                 delay
                 )
                 order'd
                 Three
                 thousand
                 heavy
                 Arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Pammenes
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 he
                 March'd
                 to
                 Megalopolis
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 (
                 by
                 Storming
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Towns
                 ,
                 and
                 Terrifying
                 others
                 ,
                 )
                 he
                 forc'd
                 them
                 all
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 Megalopolis
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 were
                 these
                 Towns
                 reduc'd
                 into
                 one
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Tumult
                 which
                 came
                 to
                 this
                 height
                 ,
                 appeas'd
                 and
                 compos'd
                 .
              
               
                 Among
                 the
                 Historians
                 of
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 Athenas
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 began
                 his
                 History
                 of
                 Dion
                 with
                 this
                 Year
                 ,
                 compriz'd
                 in
                 Twenty
                 three
                 Books
                 :
                 He
                 continu'd
                 likewise
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 Philistus
                 ,
                 seven
                 Years
                 further
                 in
                 one
                 Book
                 ;
                 and
                 handling
                 matters
                 summarily
                 ,
                 made
                 it
                 one
                 intire
                 and
                 perfect
                 History
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 when
                 Nicophemus
                 was
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Sulpitius
                
                 and
                 
                 
                   Caius
                   Licinius
                
                 Executed
                 the
                 Consular
                 Authority
                 at
                 
                   Rome
                   ,
                   Alexander
                
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Pherea
                 ,
                 Mann'd
                 forth
                 several
                 Privateers
                 to
                 the
                 Cyclade
                 Islands
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 taken
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 by
                 force
                 ,
                 carry'd
                 away
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Captives
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 landed
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 in
                 *
                 Peparethos
                 ,
                 and
                 Besieg'd
                 the
                 *
                 City
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Peparethians
                 being
                 reliev'd
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 Garison
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Leosthenes
                 (
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 before
                 left
                 there
                 )
                 Alexander
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Athenians
                 themselves
                 .
                 It
                 so
                 hapned
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 watching
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 set
                 a
                 Guard
                 upon
                 Alexander's
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 which
                 then
                 lay
                 at
                 Panormus
                 ,
                 he
                 fell
                 upon
                 them
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 and
                 obtain'd
                 an
                 unexpected
                 Victory
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 rescu'd
                 his
                 Men
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Imminent
                 dangers
                 ,
                 wherewith
                 they
                 were
                 surrounded
                 at
                 Panormus
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 took
                 five
                 Athenian
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 Peparethus
                 ,
                 and
                 Six
                 hundred
                 Prisoners
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 being
                 enrag'd
                 at
                 this
                 misfortune
                 ,
                 Condemn'd
                 Leosthenes
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 Confiscated
                 all
                 his
                 Goods
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Charetes
                 Commander
                 in
                 his
                 stead
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Fleet
                 into
                 those
                 parts
                 ;
                 who
                 spent
                 his
                 time
                 only
                 in
                 scaring
                 the
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 oppressing
                 the
                 Confederates
                 .
                 For
                 Sailing
                 to
                 Corcyra
                 (
                 a
                 Confederate
                 City
                 )
                 he
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 such
                 Seditions
                 ,
                 and
                 Tumults
                 there
                 ,
                 as
                 ended
                 in
                 many
                 Slaughters
                 ,
                 Rapines
                 ,
                 and
                 plundering
                 of
                 Mens
                 Goods
                 and
                 Estates
                 ,
                 which
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Athenians
                 to
                 be
                 ill
                 spoken
                 of
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 committing
                 many
                 other
                 villanies
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 summ
                 up
                 all
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 Words
                 ;
                 he
                 did
                 nothing
                 but
                 what
                 tended
                 to
                 the
                 disgrace
                 and
                 dishonour
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 Dionysiodorus
                 and
                 
                   Anaxis
                   ,
                   Boeotian
                
                 Writers
                 ,
                 who
                 Compos'd
                 an
                 History
                 of
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 end
                 their
                 Relations
                 with
                 this
                 Year
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 having
                 given
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 those
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 things
                 done
                 before
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Philip
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 our
                 first
                 design
                 )
                 
                 we
                 shall
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 this
                 Book
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 next
                 following
                 ,
                 shall
                 be
                 Comprehended
                 what
                 
                 ever
                 was
                 done
                 by
                 that
                 King
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 with
                 other
                 things
                 that
                 happen'd
                 in
                 the
                 known
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
               
                 
                   ASIAE
                   Veteribus
                   Cognit●
                   Tabula
                
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
             
               BOOK
               XVI
               .
            
             
               
                 IT
                 's
                 the
                 Duty
                 of
                 all
                 Writers
                 of
                 History
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 Treat
                 of
                 the
                 Actions
                 of
                 Kings
                 ,
              
               
               
                 or
                 of
                 particular
                 Cities
                 ,
                 to
                 relate
                 the
                 Whole
                 from
                 the
                 Beginning
                 to
                 the
                 Conclusion
                 .
                 For
                 we
                 conceive
                 that
                 hereby
                 the
                 History
                 is
                 both
                 better
                 remembred
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 clearly
                 Understood
                 .
                 For
                 imperfect
                 Relations
                 ,
                 without
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 Issue
                 of
                 what
                 is
                 begun
                 ,
                 gives
                 an
                 unpleasant
                 Check
                 to
                 the
                 Diligent
                 Reader
                 's
                 eager
                 Expectation
                 .
                 But
                 where
                 the
                 Matter
                 is
                 drawn
                 down
                 by
                 a
                 continu'd
                 Thred
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Narration
                 ;
                 such
                 Writings
                 make
                 the
                 History
                 compleat
                 in
                 all
                 its
                 Parts
                 ,
                 but
                 more
                 especially
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 things
                 done
                 ,
                 do
                 lead
                 the
                 Writer
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Hand
                 :
                 This
                 Course
                 is
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 to
                 be
                 neglected
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Since
                 therefore
                 we
                 are
                 now
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
              
               Philip
               ,
               
                 Son
                 of
              
               Amyntas
               ,
               
                 we
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 former
                 Rule
                 shall
                 endeavour
                 to
                 comprehend
                 in
                 this
                 Book
                 all
                 the
                 Actions
                 of
                 this
                 King.
                 For
                 he
                 reign'd
                 as
                 King
                 of
              
               Macedon
               
                 Two
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Years
                 ,
                 who
                 making
                 use
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 but
                 of
                 small
                 means
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 advanc'd
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Greatest
                 in
              
               Europe
               ;
               
                 and
                 made
              
               Macedon
               
                 (
                 which
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 his
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 was
                 under
                 the
                 servile
                 Yoke
                 of
                 the
              
               Illyrians
               )
               
                 Mistress
                 of
                 many
                 potent
                 Cities
                 and
                 Countries
                 .
                 And
                 through
                 his
                 Valour
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Cities
                 voluntarily
                 submitted
                 themselves
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 him
                 General
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 .
                 And
                 having
                 subdued
              
               *
               
                 those
                 that
                 Robb'd
                 and
                 Spoil'd
                 the
                 Temple
                 at
              
               Delphos
               ,
               
                 coming
                 in
                 aid
                 of
                 the
                 God
                 there
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 made
                 a
                 Member
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 of
                 the
              
               Amphictyons
               ;
               
                 and
                 for
                 a
                 Reward
                 of
                 his
                 Zeal
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 the
                 Right
                 of
                 Voting
                 in
                 the
              
               
               
                 Senate
                 which
                 belonged
                 to
                 the
              
               Phocians
               
                 (
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 overcome
                 )
                 was
                 allotted
                 to
                 him
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 After
                 he
                 had
                 overcome
                 the
              
               Illyrians
               ,
               Paeones
               ,
               Thracians
               ,
               Scythians
               ,
               
                 and
                 the
                 Countries
                 adjoyning
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 his
                 Thoughts
                 were
                 wholly
                 imploy'd
                 how
                 to
                 destroy
                 the
              
               Persian
               
                 Monarchy
                 :
                 But
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 set
                 free
                 all
                 the
              
               Grecian
               
                 Cities
                 ;
                 and
                 was
                 promised
                 Forces
                 to
                 be
                 raised
                 for
                 the
                 Expedition
                 into
              
               Asia
               ,
               
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 preparations
                 he
                 was
                 prevented
                 by
                 Death
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 left
                 those
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 many
                 more
                 Forces
                 behind
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
              
               Alexander
               ,
               
                 had
                 no
                 occasion
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 his
                 Confederates
                 in
                 the
                 Overturning
                 of
                 the
              
               Persian
               
                 Empire
                 .
                 And
                 all
                 those
                 things
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 by
                 the
                 Favour
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 the
                 Greatness
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Valour
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 King
                 excell'd
                 most
                 in
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 a
                 General
                 ,
                 Stoutness
                 of
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 Clearness
                 of
                 Judgment
                 and
                 Apprehension
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 we
                 may
                 not
                 in
                 a
                 Preface
                 set
                 forth
                 his
                 Actions
                 before
                 hand
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 proceed
                 to
                 the
                 orderly
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 History
                 ,
                 making
                 first
                 some
                 short
                 Remarks
                 of
                 the
                 Times
                 that
                 went
                 before
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Philip
                   ,
                   an
                   Hostage
                   at
                   Thebes
                   ,
                   makes
                   his
                   Escape
                   ;
                   Beats
                   the
                   Athenians
                   ;
                   After
                   makes
                   Peace
                   with
                   them
                   :
                   Subdues
                   the
                   Paeones
                   ,
                   and
                   routs
                   the
                   Illyrians
                   and
                   makes
                   Peace
                   with
                   them
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHEN
                 Callimedes
                 was
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fifth
                 Olympiad
                 (
                 in
                 which
                 Porus
                 the
                 Cyrenian
                 was
                 Victor
                 )
                 
                   Cneius
                   Genucius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Aemilius
                
                 ,
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 Philip
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Amyntas
                 ,
                 and
                 Father
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 conquer'd
                 the
                 Persians
                 )
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 in
                 the
                 manner
                 following
                 .
              
               
                 Amyntas
                 being
                 brought
                 under
                 by
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 ,
                 was
                 forced
                 to
                 pay
                 Tribute
                 to
                 the
                 Conquerors
                 ;
                 who
                 having
                 taken
                 his
                 youngest
                 Son
                 Philip
                 as
                 an
                 Hostage
                 ,
                 deliver'd
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 kept
                 by
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ;
                 who
                 committed
                 the
                 young
                 Youth
                 to
                 the
                 Care
                 of
                 *
                 the
                 Father
                 of
                 Epaminondas
                 ,
                 with
                 order
                 to
                 look
                 to
                 his
                 Charge
                 with
                 all
                 Diligence
                 ,
                 and
                 honourably
                 to
                 Educate
                 and
                 Instruct
                 him
                 .
              
               
               
                 A
                 Pythagorean
                 Philosopher
                 was
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 Tutor
                 to
                 Epaminondas
                 ,
                 with
                 whom
                 Philip
                 being
                 brought
                 up
                 ,
                 he
                 improv'd
                 more
                 than
                 ordinary
                 in
                 the
                 Pythagorean
                 Philosophy
                 .
                 And
                 both
                 these
                 Scholars
                 imploying
                 the
                 utmost
                 of
                 their
                 Parts
                 and
                 Diligence
                 in
                 the
                 Prosecution
                 of
                 their
                 Studies
                 ,
                 both
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 became
                 Famous
                 for
                 their
                 virtuous
                 Qualifications
                 .
                 Epaminondas
                 (
                 it
                 's
                 known
                 to
                 all
                 )
                 having
                 run
                 through
                 many
                 Hazards
                 and
                 Difficulties
                 ,
                 beyond
                 all
                 expectation
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 for
                 his
                 Country
                 :
                 And
                 Philip
                 having
                 the
                 same
                 Advantages
                 ,
                 shew'd
                 himself
                 nothing
                 inferior
                 to
                 Epaminondas
                 in
                 glorious
                 Atchievements
                 :
                 For
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Amyntas
                 ,
                 his
                 Eldest
                 Son
                 Alexander
                 succeeded
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 but
                 
                   Ptolemy
                   Alorites
                
                 murder'd
                 him
                 and
                 Usurp'd
                 the
                 Government
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 was
                 serv'd
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Sauce
                 by
                 Perdiccas
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 afterwards
                 overcome
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Battel
                 by
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 *
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 time
                 when
                 there
                 was
                 most
                 need
                 of
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 Philip
                 ,
                 the
                 Brother
                 ,
                 made
                 his
                 escape
                 and
                 took
                 Possession
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 now
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 shatter'd
                 Condition
                 :
                 For
                 there
                 were
                 above
                 Four
                 Thousand
                 Macedonians
                 kill'd
                 in
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 surviv'd
                 were
                 in
                 such
                 Consternation
                 and
                 Fear
                 of
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 no
                 heart
                 left
                 for
                 the
                 Prosecuting
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 
                 
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 the
                 Paeones
                 ,
                 Neighbours
                 to
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 (
                 in
                 contempt
                 of
                 them
                 )
                 wasted
                 their
                 Country
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 rais'd
                 again
                 great
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 design'd
                 another
                 Expedition
                 against
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 aggravate
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 one
                 *
                 Pausanias
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Royal
                 Family
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 Invade
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Macedon
                 ,
                 The
                 Athenians
                 likewise
                 (
                 Enemies
                 to
                 Philip
                 )
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 restore
                 *
                 Argaeus
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 this
                 purpose
                 had
                 sent
                 away
                 their
                 General
                 Mantias
                 ,
                 with
                 Three
                 Thousand
                 well-arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 most
                 excellent
                 well
                 provided
                 Navy
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 late
                 Defeat
                 and
                 the
                 Storm
                 that
                 then
                 threatned
                 them
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 great
                 Fear
                 and
                 Perplexity
                 :
                 However
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 all
                 the
                 Difficulties
                 and
                 Fear
                 of
                 those
                 things
                 that
                 were
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 Philip
                 nothing
                 discourag'd
                 with
                 those
                 dreadful
                 Clouds
                 of
                 Mischief
                 that
                 seem'd
                 to
                 hang
                 over
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 Speeches
                 in
                 the
                 daily
                 Assemblies
                 ,
                 retain'd
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 in
                 their
                 Duty
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 Eloquence
                 (
                 wherein
                 he
                 excell'd
                 )
                 stirring
                 them
                 up
                 to
                 be
                 courageous
                 ,
                 reviv'd
                 their
                 drooping
                 Spirits
                 .
                 Then
                 setting
                 upon
                 Reforming
                 the
                 Military
                 Discipline
                 ,
                 he
                 compleatly
                 arm'd
                 his
                 Men
                 and
                 Train'd
                 them
                 every
                 Day
                 ,
                 teaching
                 them
                 how
                 to
                 handle
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Postures
                 of
                 War.
                 He
                 likewise
                 instituted
                 the
                 new
                 way
                 of
                 Drawing
                 up
                 into
                 a
                 close
                 Body
                 ,
                 imitating
                 the
                 Heroes
                 at
                 Troy
                 in
                 locking
                 their
                 Shields
                 one
                 within
                 another
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 found
                 out
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 Phalange
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 was
                 very
                 Courteous
                 and
                 Gaining
                 in
                 his
                 Converse
                 ,
                 and
                 wan
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Hearts
                 both
                 by
                 his
                 Bounty
                 at
                 present
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 generous
                 Promises
                 of
                 future
                 Rewards
                 ;
                 very
                 Politickly
                 likewise
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 by
                 so
                 many
                 Engines
                 )
                 defending
                 himself
                 against
                 the
                 many
                 and
                 various
                 
                 Mischiefs
                 that
                 were
                 pressing
                 upon
                 him
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 he
                 discern'd
                 that
                 the
                 Athenians
                 made
                 it
                 their
                 great
                 business
                 to
                 recover
                 Amphipolis
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Argaeus
                 was
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 be
                 restor'd
                 to
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 for
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 the
                 *
                 City
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 accord
                 ,
                 suffering
                 them
                 to
                 govern
                 themselves
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 sent
                 likewise
                 an
                 Ambassador
                 to
                 the
                 Paeones
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 he
                 corrupted
                 with
                 Bribes
                 ;
                 others
                 he
                 ensnar'd
                 with
                 fair
                 and
                 winning
                 Promises
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 Present
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 He
                 prevented
                 likewise
                 Pausanias
                 from
                 being
                 restor'd
                 ,
                 by
                 bribing
                 the
                 King
                 that
                 was
                 ready
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Manthias
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Admiral
                 being
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 *
                 Methone
                 ,
                 there
                 lay
                 ;
                 but
                 sent
                 Aegaeus
                 before
                 with
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 Mercenaries
                 to
                 †
                 Aegae
                 .
                 Coming
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 perswade
                 the
                 Aegaeans
                 to
                 allow
                 of
                 his
                 Return
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 appear
                 the
                 first
                 for
                 his
                 Restauration
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 but
                 none
                 consenting
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 back
                 to
                 Methone
                 .
              
               
                 Presently
                 after
                 ,
                 Philip
                 advancing
                 with
                 a
                 well
                 appointed
                 Army
                 ,
                 set
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 fled
                 to
                 a
                 Hill
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 (
                 having
                 first
                 delivered
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 Fugitives
                 )
                 he
                 dismiss'd
                 by
                 Agreement
                 .
              
               
                 Philip
                 being
                 now
                 Conqueror
                 in
                 this
                 first
                 Battel
                 ,
                 greatly
                 encourag'd
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 them
                 hearty
                 and
                 eager
                 to
                 undergo
                 further
                 Toils
                 and
                 Difficulties
                 .
              
               
                 Whilst
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 acting
                 ,
                 the
                 Thracians
                 planted
                 a
                 Colony
                 at
                 Crenides
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 heretofore
                 call'd
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 afterwards
                 call'd
                 Philippi
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 ,
                 and
                 fill'd
                 it
                 with
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 From
                 this
                 Time
                 Theopompus
                 of
                 Chi●s
                 begins
                 his
                 History
                 of
                 Philip
                 ,
                 and
                 continues
                 it
                 in
                 Fifty
                 eight
                 Books
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 Five
                 are
                 controverted
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 
                   Eucharist
                   us
                
                 was
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Quintus
                   Servilius
                
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Genucius
                
                 were
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 when
                 Philip
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Athens
                 with
                 Proposals
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 the
                 People
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 content
                 to
                 quit
                 all
                 his
                 Right
                 in
                 Amphipolis
                 .
              
               
               
                 Being
                 therefore
                 thus
                 freed
                 from
                 the
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 hearing
                 that
                 Agis
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Paeones
                 was
                 dead
                 ,
                 he
                 judg'd
                 that
                 a
                 fair
                 Opportunity
                 was
                 offer'd
                 him
                 to
                 invade
                 the
                 Paeones
                 :
                 And
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 he
                 enter'd
                 their
                 Country
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Army
                 ,
                 overcame
                 them
                 in
                 Battel
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 them
                 to
                 stoop
                 to
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 Yoke
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 still
                 the
                 *
                 Illyrians
                 remain'd
                 an
                 Eye-sore
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 whom
                 his
                 Heart
                 and
                 all
                 his
                 Thoughts
                 were
                 continually
                 at
                 work
                 to
                 bring
                 under
                 .
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 he
                 call'd
                 a
                 General
                 Council
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 a
                 Speech
                 (
                 fitted
                 for
                 the
                 Occasion
                 )
                 having
                 spirited
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 he
                 led
                 an
                 Army
                 into
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 Country
                 of
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Six
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 .
              
               
                 Bardylis
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 hearing
                 of
                 his
                 coming
                 ,
                 first
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Philip
                 to
                 renew
                 the
                 League
                 between
                 them
                 upon
                 these
                 Terms
                 ,
                 That
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 should
                 keep
                 those
                 Towns
                 that
                 they
                 then
                 had
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 Philip
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 was
                 very
                 desirous
                 of
                 Peace
                 ;
                 but
                 resolv'd
                 not
                 to
                 admit
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 before
                 that
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 had
                 quitted
                 all
                 the
                 Towns
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Macedon
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Ambassadors
                 therefore
                 being
                 return'd
                 without
                 effecting
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 Bardylis
                 (
                 confiding
                 
                 in
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 encourag'd
                 by
                 his
                 former
                 Victories
                 )
                 march'd
                 forth
                 against
                 his
                 Enemies
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Army
                 ,
                 having
                 with
                 him
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 choice
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Armies
                 drew
                 near
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 they
                 suddenly
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 Shout
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 fell
                 to
                 it
                 .
                 Philip
                 being
                 in
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Body
                 of
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 commanded
                 his
                 Horse
                 to
                 wheel
                 about
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 to
                 charge
                 the
                 Enemy
                 in
                 the
                 Flank
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 charged
                 the
                 Front
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 an
                 hot
                 Engagement
                 .
              
               
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 drew
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 *
                 foursquare
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 valiantly
                 join'd
                 Battel
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Armies
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 issue
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 was
                 doubtful
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ;
                 many
                 fell
                 ,
                 but
                 many
                 more
                 were
                 wounded
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Advantage
                 was
                 now
                 here
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 there
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 the
                 Valour
                 and
                 Resolution
                 of
                 the
                 Combatants
                 gave
                 Vigour
                 and
                 Life
                 to
                 the
                 Business
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Horse
                 charg'd
                 both
                 upon
                 the
                 Flank
                 and
                 the
                 Rear
                 ,
                 and
                 Philip
                 with
                 his
                 stoutest
                 Soldiers
                 fought
                 like
                 a
                 Hero
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 were
                 routed
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fly
                 outright
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 pursu'd
                 a
                 long
                 way
                 .
                 After
                 many
                 were
                 kill'd
                 in
                 the
                 pursuit
                 ,
                 Philip
                 at
                 length
                 gave
                 the
                 Signal
                 to
                 his
                 Men
                 to
                 retire
                 ,
                 and
                 erected
                 a
                 Trophy
                 ,
                 and
                 bury'd
                 the
                 Dead
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 sent
                 another
                 Embassie
                 ,
                 and
                 procur'd
                 a
                 Peace
                 ,
                 having
                 first
                 quitted
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 belonging
                 to
                 Macedon
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 slain
                 of
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 in
                 this
                 Battel
                 above
                 Seven
                 thousand
                 Men.
                 Having
                 thus
                 given
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 things
                 done
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 and
                 Illyrium
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 relate
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 other
                 Nations
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 II.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Actions
                   of
                   Dionysius
                   the
                   Tounger
                   in
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Parts
                   .
                   
                   Dion's
                   Flight
                   to
                   Corinth
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   Return
                   to
                   
                     Sicily
                     .
                     Andromachus
                  
                   Peoples
                   Tauromenum
                   .
                   The
                   Civil
                   Wars
                   in
                   Euboea
                   .
                   The
                   Social
                   War
                   between
                   the
                   Athenians
                   and
                   other
                   Nations
                   .
                   Philip
                   takes
                   Amphipolis
                   and
                   other
                   Cities
                   .
                   His
                   Policy
                   to
                   gain
                   the
                   Olynthians
                   and
                   other
                   Places
                   in
                   Greece
                   .
                
              
               
                 IN
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   Dionysius
                
                 the
                 Younger
                 ,
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 who
                 came
                 some
                 time
                 before
                 to
                 
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 (
                 being
                 of
                 an
                 unactive
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 inferiour
                 to
                 his
                 Father
                 )
                 under
                 the
                 Veil
                 of
                 a
                 peaceful
                 and
                 gentle
                 Disposition
                 ,
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 cover
                 his
                 Sloth
                 and
                 Cowardize
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 tho'
                 the
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 descended
                 upon
                 him
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 a
                 careless
                 manner
                 likewise
                 he
                 made
                 War
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 upon
                 the
                 *
                 Lucanians
                 ;
                 and
                 tho'
                 he
                 had
                 the
                 Advantage
                 in
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 last
                 Fights
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 was
                 very
                 fond
                 of
                 the
                 Terms
                 and
                 Conditions
                 offer'd
                 for
                 the
                 putting
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 He
                 built
                 two
                 Cities
                 in
                 Apulia
                 ,
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 secure
                 the
                 Passage
                 of
                 his
                 Shipping
                 through
                 the
                 Ionian
                 Sea
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 dwelling
                 on
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 ,
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Pirates
                 roving
                 up-and-down
                 ,
                 whereby
                 the
                 Adriatick
                 Sea
                 was
                 greatly
                 infested
                 and
                 made
                 troublesome
                 to
                 the
                 Merchants
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 giving
                 himself
                 up
                 to
                 his
                 Ease
                 ,
                 he
                 wholly
                 neglected
                 all
                 Warlike
                 Exercises
                 ;
                 and
                 tho'
                 he
                 was
                 Lord
                 of
                 the
                 Greatest
                 Kingdom
                 in
                 Europe
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 a
                 Dominion
                 bound
                 
                 fast
                 with
                 a
                 Diamond
                 (
                 as
                 his
                 Father
                 was
                 us'd
                 to
                 boast
                 )
                 yet
                 through
                 his
                 effeminate
                 Sloth
                 and
                 Idleness
                 ,
                 he
                 lost
                 it
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 .
                 How
                 it
                 was
                 taken
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 he
                 carry'd
                 himself
                 in
                 every
                 Particular
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 endeavour
                 now
                 to
                 declare
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 Cephisodorus
                 was
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Licinius
                
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Sulpitius
                
                 were
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 when
                 Dion
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Hipparinus
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 
                 Noble
                 Persons
                 among
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ;
                 and
                 afterwards
                 by
                 the
                 Braveness
                 of
                 his
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 excellent
                 Accomplishments
                 ,
                 restor'd
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 but
                 other
                 Sicilians
                 to
                 their
                 ancient
                 Liberties
                 :
                 Which
                 was
                 occasion'd
                 thus
                 :
              
               
                 Dionysius
                 the
                 Elder
                 had
                 Issue
                 by
                 both
                 his
                 Wives
                 :
                 By
                 the
                 second
                 Wife
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Hipparians
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 in
                 great
                 Esteem
                 among
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 )
                 he
                 had
                 two
                 Sons
                 ,
                 Hipparinus
                 and
                 
                   Narsaeus
                   .
                   Dion
                
                 was
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 this
                 second
                 Wife
                 ;
                 a
                 Man
                 well
                 skill'd
                 in
                 Philosophy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 expert
                 Soldier
                 in
                 his
                 Time
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 The
                 Nobleness
                 of
                 his
                 Birth
                 and
                 Greatness
                 of
                 his
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 made
                 him
                 suspected
                 by
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 because
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 he
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 fit
                 Instrument
                 to
                 overturn
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 therefore
                 fearing
                 him
                 ,
                 determin'd
                 to
                 send
                 him
                 further
                 off
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 to
                 put
                 him
                 to
                 death
                 .
                 Dion
                 foreseeing
                 what
                 was
                 design'd
                 ,
                 at
                 first
                 discover'd
                 it
                 to
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 :
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 Sicily
                 to
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 taking
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 Megacles
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 and
                 Cariclides
                 the
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 under
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 he
                 solicited
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Recovery
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 Liberty
                 :
                 And
                 presently
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 Band
                 of
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 employ'd
                 himself
                 in
                 procuring
                 of
                 Arms
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 many
                 Voluntiers
                 coming
                 in
                 to
                 him
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 he
                 muster'd
                 a
                 considerable
                 Force
                 of
                 Mercenary
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 Then
                 having
                 hind
                 two
                 Ships
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 his
                 Men
                 and
                 Arms
                 on
                 board
                 ;
                 and
                 with
                 these
                 only
                 pass'd
                 over
                 from
                 *
                 Zacynthus
                 (
                 near
                 adjoining
                 to
                 Cephalenia
                 )
                 to
                 Sicily
                 ;
                 and
                 commanded
                 Chariclides
                 to
                 follow
                 him
                 presently
                 after
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 few
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Ships
                 of
                 Burden
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 acting
                 ,
                 Andromachus
                 of
                 Tauromenum
                 ,
                 the
                 Father
                 of
                 Timoeus
                 the
                 Historian
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 eminent
                 both
                 for
                 his
                 Riches
                 and
                 Wisdom
                 ,
                 brought
                 together
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 all
                 the
                 Exiles
                 of
                 Naxus
                 (
                 which
                 Dionysius
                 had
                 raz'd
                 )
                 and
                 gave
                 them
                 the
                 Hill
                 call'd
                 
                 Taurus
                 ,
                 lying
                 above
                 Naxus
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 he
                 and
                 his
                 Family
                 had
                 continu'd
                 there
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 it
                 Tauromenium
                 ,
                 from
                 their
                 Residence
                 in
                 Taurus
                 .
                 The
                 Inhabitants
                 afterwards
                 grew
                 very
                 rich
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 City
                 became
                 famous
                 by
                 its
                 prosperous
                 Increases
                 in
                 worldly
                 Blessings
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 our
                 Age
                 the
                 Tauromenians
                 were
                 remov'd
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 by
                 Caesar
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 City
                 receiv'd
                 a
                 Roman
                 Colony
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Euboea
                 fell
                 a
                 quarrelling
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 Party
                 sought
                 to
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 for
                 Aid
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 a
                 War
                 broke
                 out
                 throughout
                 all
                 Euboea
                 .
                 But
                 tho'
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 light
                 Skirmishes
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 the
                 Thebans
                 prevailing
                 and
                 at
                 other
                 times
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ;
                 yet
                 they
                 never
                 fought
                 any
                 great
                 Battel
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 Island
                 being
                 wasted
                 by
                 this
                 Civil
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 Men
                 destroy'd
                 all
                 over
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 with
                 much
                 ado
                 (
                 being
                 made
                 more
                 wise
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Slaughters
                 )
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 an
                 Agreement
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 concluded
                 a
                 Peace
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 returning
                 home
                 ,
                 laid
                 down
                 their
                 Arms.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Athenians
                 now
                 fell
                 into
                 a
                 War
                 call'd
                 
                   The
                   Social
                   War
                
                 (
                 which
                 continu'd
                 three
                 Years
                 )
                 
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Defection
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Chians
                   ,
                   Rhodians
                
                 ,
                 them
                 of
                 Coos
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Byzantines
                 :
                 To
                 which
                 War
                 Chares
                 and
                 Chabrias
                 were
                 sent
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 as
                 Generals
                 :
                 Making
                 against
                 *
                 Chius
                 ,
                 they
                 found
                 the
                 Chians
                 assisted
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Byzantines
                   ,
                   Rhodians
                   ,
                   Choians
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Mausolus
                 the
                 petty
                 King
                 of
                 †
                 Cana.
                 These
                 Generals
                 dividing
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 City
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land.
                 Chares
                 commanded
                 the
                 Land-Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 assaulted
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 the
                 Garrison
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Field
                 ,
                 who
                 made
                 Sallies
                 upon
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 Chabrias
                 was
                 engag'd
                 in
                 a
                 sharp
                 Fight
                 at
                 Sea
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 Harbour
                 ;
                 and
                 his
                 
                 Ship
                 being
                 pierc'd
                 through
                 with
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 greatly
                 distress'd
                 :
                 And
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 Ships
                 ,
                 thought
                 fit
                 to
                 comply
                 with
                 the
                 Time
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 fairly
                 ran
                 away
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Admiral
                 chusing
                 rather
                 to
                 die
                 gloriously
                 ,
                 than
                 give
                 up
                 all
                 dishonourably
                 ,
                 in
                 defending
                 of
                 his
                 Ship
                 receiv'd
                 a
                 Wound
                 ,
                 which
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 his
                 
                 Life
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 Philip
                 King
                 of
                 Macedon
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 Victory
                 over
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 in
                 that
                 great
                 Battel
                 ,
                 having
                 subdu'd
                 all
                 them
                 that
                 dwelt
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Marishes
                 of
                 Lychnitides
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 with
                 them
                 an
                 Honourable
                 Peace
                 ,
                 return'd
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 .
                 And
                 having
                 thus
                 by
                 his
                 Valour
                 rais'd
                 up
                 and
                 supported
                 the
                 tottering
                 State
                 and
                 Condition
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 his
                 Name
                 became
                 great
                 and
                 famous
                 among
                 them
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 being
                 provok'd
                 by
                 the
                 many
                 Injuries
                 of
                 them
                 of
                 Amphipolis
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 against
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 applying
                 his
                 Engines
                 of
                 Battery
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 made
                 fierce
                 and
                 continual
                 Assaults
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Battering
                 Rams
                 threw
                 down
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 and
                 entred
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 through
                 the
                 Ruins
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 slaughter
                 of
                 many
                 that
                 oppos'd
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 forthwith
                 banish'd
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 his
                 chiefest
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 graciously
                 spar'd
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 City
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 its
                 commodious
                 Situation
                 in
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 and
                 Neighbourhood
                 to
                 other
                 Places
                 ,
                 was
                 of
                 great
                 advantage
                 to
                 Philip
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 presently
                 after
                 took
                 Pydna
                 ;
                 but
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Olynthians
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 to
                 give
                 up
                 to
                 them
                 Potidaea
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 before
                 much
                 coveted
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Olynthians
                 was
                 both
                 Rich
                 ,
                 Potent
                 ,
                 and
                 Populous
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 was
                 a
                 Place
                 of
                 great
                 advantage
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 therefore
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 ambitious
                 to
                 enlarge
                 their
                 Dominion
                 ,
                 strove
                 always
                 to
                 gain
                 it
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 both
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 Philip
                 earnestly
                 contended
                 which
                 of
                 them
                 should
                 prevail
                 to
                 have
                 them
                 for
                 their
                 Confederates
                 .
                 But
                 however
                 ,
                 Philip
                 having
                 taken
                 Potidaea
                 ,
                 drew
                 out
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 and
                 us'd
                 them
                 with
                 great
                 Civility
                 ,
                 and
                 suffer'd
                 them
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 Athens
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 bore
                 a
                 great
                 Respect
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 City
                 was
                 eminent
                 and
                 famous
                 for
                 its
                 Power
                 and
                 Grandeur
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 likewise
                 *
                 Pydna
                 (
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 subdu'd
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 Olynthians
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 them
                 all
                 the
                 Grounds
                 and
                 Territories
                 belonging
                 to
                 it
                 .
                 Thence
                 he
                 march'd
                 to
                 †
                 Crenidas
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 enlarg'd
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 more
                 populous
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 it
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 Philippi
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 he
                 so
                 improv'd
                 the
                 Gold-Mines
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 (
                 which
                 before
                 were
                 but
                 inconsiderable
                 and
                 obscure
                 )
                 that
                 by
                 building
                 of
                 Work-houses
                 he
                 advanc'd
                 them
                 to
                 bring
                 in
                 a
                 yearly
                 Revenue
                 of
                 above
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Talents
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 heaping
                 up
                 abundance
                 of
                 Riches
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 confluence
                 of
                 his
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 he
                 advanced
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 to
                 a
                 higher
                 Degree
                 of
                 Majesty
                 and
                 Glory
                 ,
                 than
                 ever
                 it
                 was
                 before
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 coin'd
                 Pieces
                 of
                 Gold
                 (
                 call'd
                 of
                 him
                 Philippicks
                 )
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 thereof
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 of
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 brib'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 to
                 betray
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 Of
                 all
                 which
                 ,
                 a
                 particular
                 Account
                 shall
                 be
                 given
                 hereafter
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 History
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 we
                 shall
                 bend
                 our
                 Discourse
                 to
                 what
                 follows
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 III.
                 
              
               
                 
                   
                   Dion's
                   March
                   and
                   Entry
                   into
                   
                     Syracuse
                     .
                     Dionysius
                  
                   comes
                   to
                   the
                   Island
                   ,
                   part
                   of
                   Syracuse
                   :
                   Assaults
                   the
                   Wall
                   erected
                   from
                   Sea
                   to
                   Sea
                   :
                   Is
                   beaten
                   by
                   
                     Dion
                     .
                     Alexander
                  
                   of
                   Phaerea
                   murdered
                   by
                   his
                   Wife
                   and
                   his
                   Two
                   Brothers
                   .
                   Philip
                   relieves
                   the
                   Thessalians
                   from
                   the
                   two
                   Brothers
                   .
                
              
               
                 A
                 Gathocles
                 was
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Fabius
                
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Publius
                
                 ,
                 or
                 Poetelius
                 ,
                 were
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 when
                 Dion
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Hipparinus
                 landed
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 to
                 pull
                 
                 down
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 .
                 This
                 Dion
                 to
                 admiration
                 overturn'd
                 the
                 greatest
                 Dominion
                 in
                 Europe
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 most
                 inconsiderable
                 Force
                 that
                 ever
                 any
                 did
                 before
                 him
                 :
                 For
                 who
                 would
                 ever
                 believe
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Man
                 who
                 landed
                 only
                 with
                 Two
                 Ships
                 of
                 Burden
                 ,
                 should
                 overcome
                 a
                 King
                 who
                 was
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Four
                 hundred
                 *
                 Gallies
                 ;
                 had
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 an
                 Hundred
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ;
                 and
                 was
                 provided
                 with
                 Arms
                 ,
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 Provision
                 ,
                 suitable
                 and
                 sufficient
                 to
                 supply
                 so
                 many
                 and
                 great
                 Forces
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 related
                 ?
                 And
                 who
                 (
                 over
                 and
                 besides
                 all
                 that
                 we
                 have
                 said
                 )
                 was
                 possess'd
                 of
                 the
                 Greatest
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 ;
                 so
                 many
                 Ports
                 and
                 Arsenals
                 ,
                 Castles
                 so
                 strongly
                 fortify'd
                 and
                 unexpugnable
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 a
                 number
                 of
                 potent
                 Auxiliaries
                 ?
                 But
                 that
                 which
                 much
                 forwarded
                 the
                 Successes
                 of
                 Dion
                 ,
                 was
                 his
                 great
                 Spirit
                 and
                 valorous
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Good
                 will
                 and
                 Kindness
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 set
                 free
                 ,
                 bare
                 towards
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 more
                 than
                 all
                 these
                 ,
                 the
                 Sloth
                 and
                 Esseminateness
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Hatred
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 .
                 All
                 these
                 things
                 concentring
                 in
                 one
                 Moment
                 of
                 Time
                 ,
                 they
                 produc'd
                 incredible
                 Effects
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 imagin'd
                 :
                 But
                 to
                 leave
                 off
                 Prefacing
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 come
                 to
                 relate
                 Affairs
                 more
                 particularly
                 .
              
               
                 Dion
                 therefore
                 loosing
                 from
                 Zazynthus
                 ,
                 near
                 to
                 Cephalenia
                 ,
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Minoa
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 's
                 call'd
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 Territory
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 .
                 This
                 City
                 was
                 built
                 by
                 Minos
                 ,
                 formerly
                 King
                 of
                 Crete
                 ,
                 at
                 such
                 time
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 entertain'd
                 by
                 Cocales
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Sicanians
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 seeking
                 after
                 Daedalus
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 this
                 City
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 whose
                 Governour
                 Paralus
                 ,
                 Dion's
                 Friend
                 ,
                 was
                 chearfully
                 receiv'd
                 by
                 him
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 Encouragement
                 he
                 unloaded
                 his
                 Ships
                 of
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 intrusted
                 them
                 with
                 Paralus
                 ,
                 desiring
                 him
                 to
                 furnish
                 him
                 with
                 Carriages
                 to
                 convey
                 them
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 himself
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 thousand
                 Mercenaries
                 
                 
                 that
                 had
                 join'd
                 him
                 ,
                 makes
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 Place
                 .
                 In
                 his
                 March
                 he
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Agrigentines
                   ,
                   Geloans
                
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Sicanians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 that
                 inhabited
                 the
                 midland
                 ,
                 the
                 Camarineans
                 likewise
                 and
                 Madinaeans
                 ,
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 freeing
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 from
                 their
                 Slavery
                 ;
                 and
                 with
                 these
                 he
                 march'd
                 forward
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 Check
                 to
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 .
                 In
                 his
                 March
                 arm'd
                 Men
                 flocking
                 in
                 to
                 him
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 he
                 had
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 above
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Men.
                 And
                 besides
                 these
                 ,
                 many
                 Grecians
                 and
                 Messenians
                 were
                 sent
                 for
                 out
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 with
                 great
                 chearfulness
                 came
                 readily
                 to
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 Dion
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusian
                 Territories
                 ,
                 a
                 Multitude
                 of
                 unarm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 both
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 Country
                 ,
                 met
                 him
                 :
                 For
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 Fear
                 and
                 Jealousie
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 had
                 disarm'd
                 many
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 was
                 by
                 chance
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 at
                 the
                 Cities
                 he
                 had
                 lately
                 built
                 in
                 *
                 Adria
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Officers
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 to
                 guard
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 endeavour'd
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 ,
                 to
                 retain
                 the
                 Citizens
                 in
                 their
                 Duty
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 prevent
                 their
                 Defection
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 ,
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 means
                 they
                 could
                 use
                 ,
                 bridle
                 the
                 impetuous
                 Rage
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 they
                 got
                 together
                 all
                 the
                 foreign
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 others
                 within
                 the
                 City
                 that
                 favour'd
                 the
                 Tyrant's
                 Party
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 compleated
                 their
                 Regiments
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Rebels
                 .
                 Then
                 Dion
                 distributed
                 the
                 5000
                 Arms
                 among
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 that
                 were
                 unarm'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 he
                 furnish'd
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 as
                 Arms
                 came
                 to
                 his
                 hands
                 .
                 He
                 then
                 call'd
                 them
                 all
                 together
                 to
                 a
                 Publick
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 and
                 told
                 them
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 come
                 to
                 restore
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 to
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 commanded
                 such
                 Officers
                 to
                 be
                 created
                 ,
                 as
                 were
                 fittest
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 utter
                 ruin
                 of
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 cry'd
                 out
                 with
                 one
                 unanimous
                 Voice
                 ,
                 That
                 Dion
                 and
                 his
                 Brother
                 Megacles
                 should
                 be
                 chosen
                 Generals
                 ,
                 and
                 invested
                 with
                 absolute
                 Power
                 and
                 Command
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 without
                 delay
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Assembly
                 (
                 having
                 first
                 dispos'd
                 the
                 Army
                 in
                 order
                 of
                 Battel
                 )
                 he
                 march'd
                 streight
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 none
                 appearing
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 
                 Field
                 to
                 oppose
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 confidently
                 entred
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 *
                 Achradina
                 march'd
                 on
                 into
                 the
                 Forum
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 encamp'd
                 ,
                 none
                 daring
                 to
                 oppose
                 him
                 :
                 For
                 there
                 were
                 no
                 fewer
                 with
                 Dion
                 in
                 his
                 Army
                 than
                 Fifty
                 thousand
                 Men.
                 And
                 all
                 these
                 with
                 Coronets
                 upon
                 their
                 Heads
                 entred
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 led
                 by
                 
                   Dion
                   ,
                   Megacles
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Thirty
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 who
                 alone
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Exiles
                 in
                 Peloponnesus
                 were
                 willing
                 to
                 run
                 the
                 same
                 common
                 Fate
                 with
                 their
                 Fellow-Citizens
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 exchang'd
                 Slavery
                 for
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 Fortune
                 turn'd
                 Sorrow
                 ,
                 the
                 Companion
                 of
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 into
                 pompous
                 Mirth
                 and
                 Jollity
                 :
                 And
                 every
                 House
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 Sacrifices
                 and
                 rejoicing
                 ;
                 and
                 Men
                 burnt
                 Incense
                 every
                 one
                 upon
                 his
                 own
                 Altar
                 ,
                 thanking
                 the
                 Gods
                 for
                 what
                 at
                 present
                 they
                 enjoy'd
                 ,
                 and
                 putting
                 up
                 Prayers
                 for
                 an
                 happy
                 Issue
                 of
                 Affairs
                 for
                 the
                 time
                 to
                 come
                 .
                 Then
                 were
                 heard
                 many
                 Shouts
                 of
                 Joy
                 by
                 the
                 Women
                 all
                 over
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 Happiness
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 rejoicing
                 through
                 all
                 Corners
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 .
                 There
                 was
                 then
                 neither
                 Freeman
                 ,
                 or
                 Servant
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 Stranger
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 were
                 earnest
                 to
                 see
                 Dion
                 ,
                 who
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 and
                 Courage
                 was
                 cry'd
                 up
                 by
                 all
                 above
                 what
                 was
                 fitting
                 for
                 a
                 Man.
                 Yet
                 was
                 it
                 not
                 altogether
                 without
                 some
                 Reason
                 ,
                 the
                 Change
                 was
                 so
                 great
                 and
                 so
                 unexpected
                 :
                 For
                 having
                 liv'd
                 Fifty
                 Years
                 as
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 through
                 so
                 long
                 a
                 time
                 they
                 had
                 almost
                 forgotten
                 what
                 Liberty
                 meant
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 by
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 one
                 Man
                 they
                 were
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 deliver'd
                 from
                 their
                 Calamity
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 that
                 time
                 Dionysius
                 staid
                 at
                 Caulonia
                 in
                 Italy
                 ;
                 but
                 sent
                 to
                 Philistus
                 his
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 with
                 the
                 Fleet
                 about
                 the
                 Adriatick
                 Coasts
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 sail
                 away
                 streight
                 for
                 Syracuse
                 .
                 And
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 speeding
                 away
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 Place
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 came
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 the
                 seventh
                 Day
                 after
                 the
                 return
                 of
                 Dion
                 :
                 And
                 now
                 thinking
                 to
                 put
                 a
                 Trick
                 upon
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 treat
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 he
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 
                 many
                 Devices
                 ,
                 to
                 persuade
                 them
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 restore
                 the
                 Democracy
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 might
                 but
                 have
                 some
                 remarkable
                 Honours
                 conferr'd
                 upon
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Government
                 .
                 He
                 desir'd
                 therefore
                 that
                 Ambassadors
                 might
                 be
                 sent
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 with
                 whom
                 calling
                 together
                 a
                 Senate
                 ,
                 he
                 might
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 having
                 their
                 Expectations
                 rais'd
                 to
                 so
                 high
                 a
                 Pitch
                 ,
                 sent
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Chief
                 of
                 their
                 Citizens
                 to
                 him
                 as
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 Guards
                 presently
                 put
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 Dionysius
                 one
                 day
                 after
                 another
                 put
                 off
                 their
                 Audience
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 perceiving
                 that
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 in
                 hopes
                 of
                 Peace
                 neglected
                 their
                 Guards
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 unprepar'd
                 for
                 an
                 Encounter
                 ,
                 he
                 opens
                 the
                 Gates
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Acropolis
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 suddenly
                 Sallies
                 out
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 well
                 appointed
                 Party
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 had
                 there
                 drawn
                 a
                 Wall
                 from
                 Sea
                 to
                 Sea
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Dionysians
                 terribly
                 assaulted
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Shout
                 .
                 And
                 having
                 entred
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Guard
                 ,
                 they
                 engag'd
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 that
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 defend
                 it
                 .
                 Dion
                 therefore
                 being
                 thus
                 
                 deluded
                 ,
                 (
                 against
                 the
                 Articles
                 of
                 the
                 Truce
                 )
                 comes
                 down
                 with
                 a
                 stout
                 Party
                 to
                 oppose
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 engages
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 within
                 a
                 *
                 small
                 Compass
                 of
                 
                 Ground
                 :
                 For
                 although
                 the
                 Fight
                 was
                 but
                 a
                 small
                 distance
                 from
                 the
                 Walls
                 within
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 yet
                 a
                 vast
                 Number
                 of
                 Men
                 were
                 got
                 together
                 within
                 this
                 little
                 spot
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 stoutest
                 Men
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 were
                 hotly
                 Engag'd
                 .
                 The
                 large
                 Promises
                 egg'd
                 on
                 the
                 Dionysians
                 on
                 one
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 hopes
                 of
                 Liberty
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 with
                 a
                 Resolution
                 for
                 Victory
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 :
                 The
                 Obstinacy
                 therefore
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 being
                 equal
                 ,
                 the
                 Fight
                 was
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 doubtful
                 :
                 Many
                 fell
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 were
                 wounded
                 ,
                 receiving
                 all
                 their
                 Wounds
                 upon
                 their
                 Breasts
                 :
                 For
                 those
                 that
                 first
                 led
                 on
                 courageously
                 ,
                 died
                 to
                 preserve
                 those
                 that
                 follow'd
                 ;
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 next
                 ,
                 cover'd
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 tir'd
                 out
                 with
                 their
                 Shields
                 ,
                 and
                 valiantly
                 underwent
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 and
                 endur'd
                 the
                 Utmost
                 that
                 could
                 befall
                 them
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Heat
                 and
                 Zeal
                 to
                 come
                 off
                 Conquerors
                 .
                 But
                 Dion
                 resolving
                 to
                 do
                 
                 something
                 remarkable
                 in
                 this
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Valour
                 he
                 might
                 gain
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 broke
                 violently
                 into
                 the
                 thickest
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ;
                 and
                 laying
                 about
                 him
                 Hero-like
                 hew'd
                 down
                 multitudes
                 ,
                 and
                 wholly
                 broke
                 in
                 pieces
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 left
                 alone
                 standing
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 Troops
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 pelted
                 with
                 abundance
                 of
                 Darts
                 receiv'd
                 upon
                 his
                 Buckler
                 and
                 Helmet
                 ,
                 yet
                 by
                 the
                 Strength
                 and
                 Goodness
                 of
                 his
                 Arms
                 he
                 avoided
                 the
                 Danger
                 ;
                 but
                 receiving
                 a
                 Wound
                 upon
                 his
                 Right
                 Arm
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 Greatness
                 and
                 Extremity
                 of
                 the
                 Pain
                 )
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 faint
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 falling
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 (
                 highly
                 concern'd
                 for
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 their
                 General
                 )
                 charg'd
                 in
                 a
                 full
                 Body
                 upon
                 the
                 Dionysians
                 ,
                 and
                 rescuing
                 Dion
                 (
                 now
                 almost
                 spent
                 )
                 put
                 the
                 Enemy
                 to
                 flight
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Citizens
                 prevailing
                 at
                 another
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 the
                 Foreign
                 Forces
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 were
                 forced
                 to
                 fly
                 into
                 the
                 Castle
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 now
                 having
                 gain'd
                 a
                 glorious
                 Victory
                 ,
                 and
                 confirm'd
                 their
                 Liberty
                 by
                 Conquest
                 ,
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 Trophy
                 in
                 defiance
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 thus
                 beaten
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 perceiving
                 that
                 all
                 was
                 lost
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 End
                 put
                 to
                 his
                 Sovereignty
                 ,
                 fortify'd
                 the
                 Castle
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Garison
                 ;
                 then
                 being
                 permitted
                 to
                 carry
                 off
                 the
                 dead
                 Bodies
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 slain
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 ,
                 he
                 buried
                 them
                 honourably
                 ,
                 crowning
                 them
                 with
                 Crowns
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 richly
                 clothing
                 them
                 in
                 Purple
                 Robes
                 :
                 By
                 this
                 extrarordinary
                 Honour
                 and
                 Respect
                 shewn
                 to
                 the
                 Dead
                 ,
                 he
                 hop'd
                 to
                 draw
                 in
                 others
                 more
                 readily
                 and
                 Chearfully
                 to
                 venture
                 their
                 Lives
                 for
                 the
                 support
                 of
                 his
                 Principality
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 bountifully
                 rewarded
                 them
                 that
                 had
                 valiantly
                 behav'd
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 late
                 Engagement
                 :
                 And
                 sent
                 some
                 to
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 to
                 Treat
                 upon
                 Terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 .
                 But
                 Dion
                 study'd
                 excuses
                 to
                 delay
                 
                 the
                 Business
                 ;
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 finish'd
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 without
                 any
                 interruption
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 having
                 deceiv'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 with
                 an
                 Expectation
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 had
                 done
                 him
                 before
                 ,
                 he
                 admitted
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Audience
                 ;
                 Upon
                 which
                 they
                 making
                 proposals
                 for
                 Peace
                 ,
                 Dion
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 only
                 one
                 way
                 left
                 for
                 the
                 obtaining
                 of
                 a
                 Peace
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 was
                 for
                 Dionysius
                 to
                 lay
                 down
                 his
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 contented
                 only
                 with
                 some
                 Honours
                 to
                 be
                 conferr'd
                 upon
                 him
                 .
                 Which
                 answer
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 taking
                 in
                 disdain
                 ,
                 as
                 Haughty
                 and
                 Peremptory
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 to
                 consult
                 with
                 his
                 Officers
                 how
                 he
                 might
                 be
                 reveng'd
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 abounded
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 except
                 Corn
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 likewise
                 Master
                 at
                 Sea
                 :
                 Therefore
                 he
                 infested
                 the
                 Country
                 with
                 Depredations
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Foraging
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 got
                 Provisions
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 great
                 difficulty
                 ;
                 at
                 length
                 he
                 sent
                 forth
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 and
                 Money
                 to
                 buy
                 Corn
                 and
                 other
                 Provisions
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 tho'
                 they
                 had
                 but
                 few
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 yet
                 at
                 fit
                 Times
                 and
                 Places
                 they
                 surpriz'd
                 the
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Corn
                 that
                 they
                 imported
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 in
                 
                   Greece
                   ,
                   Alexander
                
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Phaerea
                 ,
                 was
                 murder'd
                 by
                 his
                 Wife
                 ,
                 a
                 Theban
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 his
                 two
                 Brothers
                 ,
                 Lycophrones
                 and
                 Tisiphonus
                 .
                 They
                 were
                 at
                 first
                 in
                 great
                 repute
                 for
                 killing
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ;
                 but
                 afterwards
                 growing
                 Ambitious
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 hir'd
                 many
                 Foreign
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 they
                 set
                 up
                 for
                 themselves
                 ;
                 and
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 many
                 that
                 were
                 averse
                 from
                 their
                 Designs
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 strong
                 Party
                 ,
                 they
                 kept
                 the
                 Soverejgnty
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms.
                 
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Aleuadae
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 call'd
                 )
                 Persons
                 famous
                 for
                 the
                 Nobleness
                 of
                 their
                 Birth
                 ,
                 conspir'd
                 to
                 oppose
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 :
                 But
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 perfect
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Business
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 they
                 procur'd
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 Philip
                 King
                 of
                 Macedon
                 ,
                 who
                 return'd
                 into
                 
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 and
                 subdu'd
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 the
                 Cities
                 to
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 carried
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 greatest
                 demonstrations
                 of
                 Kindness
                 imaginable
                 towards
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 ever
                 after
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 Wars
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 he
                 but
                 his
                 Son
                 Alexander
                 had
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 constant
                 Friends
                 and
                 Confederates
                 .
              
               
               
               
               
               
               
                 Among
                 the
                 Writers
                 Demophilus
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Ephorus
                 the
                 Historian
                 (
                 who
                 continu'd
                 the
                 
                 History
                 of
                 the
                 Sacred
                 War
                 ,
                 left
                 imperfect
                 by
                 his
                 Father
                 )
                 began
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Delphos
                 was
                 seiz'd
                 and
                 robb'd
                 by
                 Philomele
                 the
                 Phocian
                 .
              
               
                 That
                 War
                 continu'd
                 Eleven
                 Years
                 ,
                 till
                 such
                 time
                 as
                 the
                 Sacrilegious
                 Robbers
                 of
                 that
                 Temple
                 were
                 miserably
                 destroy'd
                 .
              
               
                 Calisthenes
                 likewise
                 comprehended
                 in
                 ten
                 Books
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Graecians
                 ,
                 bringing
                 down
                 his
                 History
                 in
                 a
                 continual
                 Thred
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Spoiling
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 by
                 the
                 Wickedness
                 of
                 Philomele
                 :
                 And
                 Dyillus
                 the
                 Athenian
                 ,
                 begins
                 his
                 History
                 from
                 this
                 Sacrilege
                 ,
                 and
                 gives
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Greece
                 and
                 Sicily
                 in
                 those
                 Times
                 ,
                 in
                 Seventeen
                 Books
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 IV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   first
                   Rise
                   of
                   the
                   Brutii
                   in
                   
                     Italy
                     .
                     Dionysius
                  
                   his
                   Admiral
                   invades
                   the
                   Leontines
                   .
                   A
                   Fight
                   at
                   Sea
                   between
                   Heraclides
                   and
                   Philistus
                   ,
                   Admirals
                   ;
                   one
                   of
                   Dionysius
                   ,
                   the
                   other
                   of
                   Dion
                   .
                   A
                   Faction
                   in
                   
                     Syracuse
                     .
                     Dion
                  
                   leaves
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   .
                   Their
                   sad
                   Condition
                   .
                   Reliev'd
                   by
                   Dion
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHen
                 Elpinus
                 bore
                 the
                 Chief
                 Magistracy
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Popilius
                   Laenos
                
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 
                   Cneius
                   Manlius
                   Imperiosus
                
                 were
                 invested
                 with
                 the
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 the
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Sixth
                 Olympiad
                 was
                 celebrated
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Porus
                 of
                 Malia
                 was
                 crown'd
                 with
                 Victory
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Italy
                 a
                 promiscuous
                 Multitude
                 got
                 together
                 about
                 Lucania
                 *
                 from
                 several
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 Servants
                 that
                 had
                 run
                 away
                 from
                 their
                 Masters
                 .
                 At
                 first
                 they
                 
                 employed
                 themselves
                 in
                 Robbing
                 and
                 Stealing
                 ,
                 presently
                 by
                 a
                 common
                 Practice
                 of
                 skulking
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 Incursions
                 ,
                 they
                 learnt
                 the
                 Use
                 and
                 Exercise
                 of
                 Martial
                 Discipline
                 and
                 Feats
                 of
                 War.
                 And
                 prevailing
                 in
                 several
                 Encounters
                 against
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 they
                 increas'd
                 to
                 a
                 vast
                 Body
                 and
                 Number
                 of
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 Place
                 they
                 took
                 and
                 plunder'd
                 the
                 City
                 Trojana
                 ;
                 then
                 seizing
                 upon
                 Arponius
                 and
                 Thurium
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Cities
                 ,
                 they
                 formed
                 themselves
                 into
                 a
                 Common-wealth
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 they
                 had
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 been
                 Servants
                 ,
                 they
                 assum'd
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 *
                 Brutii
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 Nation
                 of
                 the*
                 Brutii
                 grew
                 up
                 in
                 Italy
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 in
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   Philistus
                   ,
                   Dionysius
                
                 his
                 General
                 ,
                 Sailed
                 to
                 Rhegium
                 ,
                 and
                 transported
                 
                 above
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 :
                 And
                 joining
                 to
                 these
                 a
                 greater
                 Body
                 of
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 he
                 invaded
                 the
                 Leontines
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 fallen
                 from
                 Dionysius
                 .
                 〈…〉
                 Surprizing
                 therefore
                 the
                 Walls
                 secretly
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 he
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 follow'd
                 an
                 Hot
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 who
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 Aid
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Leontines
                   ,
                   Philistus
                
                 over-power'd
                 with
                 number
                 ,
                 was
                 forc'd
                 out
                 again
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Heraclides
                 ,
                 Dion's
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 being
                 left
                 in
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 and
                 hinder'd
                 by
                 Storms
                 and
                 contrary
                 Winds
                 ,
                 (
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 arrive
                 at
                 Sicily
                 time
                 enough
                 to
                 be
                 assistant
                 to
                 Dion
                 in
                 his
                 return
                 into
                 his
                 Countrey
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 helpful
                 in
                 rescuing
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 from
                 Slavery
                 )
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 length
                 with
                 Twenty
                 Sail
                 of
                 *
                 Galleys
                 and
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 Soldiers
                 :
                 Who
                 being
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 Noble
                 Birth
                 and
                 of
                 great
                 Esteem
                 ,
                 and
                 judg'd
                 worthy
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Trust
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 declar'd
                 Admiral
                 by
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 and
                 Dion
                 joining
                 Head
                 and
                 Hand
                 together
                 ,
                 manag'd
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 Dionysius
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Philistus
                 being
                 made
                 Lord
                 High-Admiral
                 by
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Sixty
                 Sail
                 well
                 provided
                 ,
                 entred
                 the
                 Lists
                 in
                 a
                 Sea-fight
                 with
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 who
                 
                 had
                 a
                 Navy
                 not
                 fewer
                 in
                 number
                 than
                 the
                 Dionysians
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 sharp
                 Fight
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 Philistus
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 prevail'd
                 :
                 But
                 at
                 length
                 being
                 surrounded
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracustans
                 from
                 all
                 parts
                 making
                 it
                 their
                 great
                 business
                 to
                 take
                 him
                 alive
                 ,
                 he
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 Disgrace
                 and
                 Miseries
                 usually
                 attending
                 upon
                 a
                 State
                 of
                 Captivity
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 himself
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 serv'd
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 of
                 his
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 signaliz'd
                 his
                 Faithfulness
                 above
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 chiefest
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 .
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 being
                 Victors
                 drew
                 the
                 mangled
                 Body
                 of
                 Philistus
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 cast
                 it
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 open
                 Air
                 without
                 Burial
                 .
              
               
                 Dionysius
                 having
                 now
                 lost
                 the
                 most
                 Valiant
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 knowing
                 not
                 where
                 to
                 find
                 another
                 fit
                 for
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Dion
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Offer
                 at
                 first
                 of
                 half
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 and
                 presently
                 after
                 consented
                 to
                 give
                 up
                 the
                 Whole
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 Dion
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 but
                 just
                 he
                 should
                 surrender
                 the
                 Castle
                 to
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 upon
                 having
                 only
                 some
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 marks
                 of
                 Honour
                 conferred
                 upon
                 him
                 :
                 The
                 Tyrant
                 hereupon
                 said
                 ,
                 He
                 was
                 ready
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 the
                 Castle
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 upon
                 Condition
                 that
                 he
                 and
                 
                 
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Treasure
                 they
                 had
                 got
                 ,
                 might
                 pass
                 over
                 to
                 Italy
                 .
                 Dion's
                 Advice
                 was
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Terms
                 should
                 be
                 accepted
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 People
                 being
                 wrought
                 over
                 to
                 a
                 contrary
                 Opinion
                 by
                 the
                 importunate
                 Orators
                 ,
                 opposed
                 Dion
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 doubted
                 not
                 but
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 Castle
                 by
                 Storm
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 hereupon
                 committed
                 the
                 Custody
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 to
                 the
                 Stoutest
                 of
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 himself
                 having
                 brought
                 aboard
                 all
                 his
                 Treasures
                 and
                 Houshold-Goods
                 ,
                 without
                 being
                 discover'd
                 ,
                 set
                 sail
                 and
                 Landed
                 in
                 Italy
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 were
                 divided
                 into
                 Factions
                 ,
                 while
                 some
                 were
                 for
                 Heraclides
                 
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 Chief
                 Command
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 judg'd
                 a
                 Person
                 that
                 was
                 not
                 ambitious
                 of
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 :
                 But
                 others
                 were
                 for
                 intrusting
                 the
                 Chief
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 in
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 Dion
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 great
                 Arrears
                 due
                 to
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 came
                 out
                 of
                 Peloponnesus
                 to
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 :
                 The
                 City
                 therefore
                 being
                 very
                 low
                 in
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 defrauded
                 of
                 their
                 Pay
                 ,
                 they
                 gather'd
                 themselves
                 into
                 a
                 Body
                 ,
                 being
                 Three
                 thousand
                 valiant
                 Men
                 ,
                 all
                 old
                 and
                 expert
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 far
                 excelling
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 in
                 Courage
                 :
                 These
                 mov'd
                 Dion
                 to
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 leave
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 revenged
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 due
                 time
                 as
                 a
                 Common
                 Enemy
                 :
                 Which
                 he
                 at
                 first
                 deny'd
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 present
                 Exigency
                 of
                 
                 Affairs
                 requiring
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 at
                 length
                 took
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Foreigners
                 ,
                 and
                 joining
                 himself
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 marched
                 to
                 the
                 Leontines
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 getting
                 into
                 a
                 Body
                 ,
                 pursu'd
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 engag'd
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 march
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 retire
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 their
                 Fellow
                 Citizens
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Dion
                 ,
                 thô
                 he
                 had
                 obtain'd
                 a
                 great
                 Victory
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 was
                 willing
                 to
                 forget
                 the
                 Injuries
                 offer'd
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 they
                 sent
                 a
                 Trumpet
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 have
                 Liberty
                 
                 to
                 carry
                 off
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 ,
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 agreed
                 to
                 that
                 ,
                 but
                 freely
                 discharg'd
                 many
                 Prisoners
                 without
                 Ransom
                 .
                 For
                 many
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 ready
                 to
                 be
                 knock'd
                 on
                 the
                 Head
                 in
                 the
                 Pursuit
                 ,
                 declar'd
                 they
                 were
                 Favourers
                 of
                 
                 Dion's
                 Party
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 escaped
                 present
                 Death
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 Dionysius
                 sent
                 Nypsius
                 ,
                 a
                 Citizen
                 of
                 Naples
                 ,
                 a
                 Valiant
                 and
                 expert
                 Soldier
                 ,
                 as
                 his
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 him
                 Transport-Ships
                 loaden
                 with
                 Corn
                 and
                 other
                 Provision
                 ,
                 who
                 loosing
                 from
                 Locris
                 ,
                 made
                 straight
                 for
                 Syracuse
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Garison-Soldiers
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 in
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 tho'
                 they
                 were
                 driven
                 then
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 Extremity
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Bread
                 ,
                 yet
                 endur'd
                 Famine
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 with
                 great
                 Resolution
                 .
                 But
                 at
                 length
                 Nature
                 stooping
                 to
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 no
                 prospect
                 of
                 Relief
                 any
                 other
                 way
                 ,
                 they
                 call'd
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 surrender
                 the
                 Castle
                 and
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 the
                 next
                 Day
                 .
                 Night
                 therefore
                 being
                 now
                 ended
                 ,
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 sent
                 Trumpets
                 to
                 the
                 Townsmen
                 to
                 treat
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 no
                 sooner
                 done
                 ,
                 but
                 presently
                 Nypsius
                 at
                 spring
                 of
                 day
                 arrives
                 with
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 anchor'd
                 in
                 the
                 Port
                 of
                 *
                 Arethusa
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 Sudden
                 their
                 present
                 Necessities
                 were
                 turn'd
                 into
                 large
                 and
                 plentiful
                 Supplies
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Provision
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 General
                 having
                 landed
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 call'd
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 an
                 Oration
                 ,
                 fitted
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 Occasion
                 ,
                 so
                 spoke
                 to
                 'em
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 wrought
                 'em
                 to
                 a
                 Resolution
                 chearfully
                 to
                 undergo
                 all
                 future
                 Hardships
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 Extremity
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 Acropolis
                 ready
                 to
                 be
                 deliver'd
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 was
                 unexpectedly
                 preserv'd
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 Mann'd
                 out
                 as
                 many
                 Gallies
                 as
                 they
                 had
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 while
                 they
                 were
                 discharging
                 their
                 Vessels
                 of
                 their
                 Corn
                 and
                 Provision
                 :
                 And
                 although
                 this
                 Incursion
                 was
                 Sudden
                 and
                 Unexpected
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Garison
                 in
                 the
                 Castle
                 oppos'd
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Galleys
                 in
                 a
                 tumultuous
                 and
                 disorderly
                 Manner
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 a
                 formal
                 Sea-fight
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 got
                 the
                 Victory
                 ,
                 and
                 sunk
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Ships
                 ,
                 took
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 the
                 Shore
                 .
                 Being
                 encourag'd
                 with
                 this
                 Success
                 ,
                 they
                 offer'd
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 abundance
                 of
                 Sacrifices
                 for
                 the
                 Victory
                 :
                 But
                 giving
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 to
                 Quaffing
                 and
                 Drinking
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 Slighting
                 
                 and
                 Despising
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Castle
                 as
                 a
                 beaten
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 careless
                 in
                 their
                 Guards
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 Nypsius
                 desirous
                 to
                 repair
                 his
                 late
                 Loss
                 by
                 a
                 new
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 orders
                 a
                 select
                 Body
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 sudden
                 assaults
                 the
                 Wall
                 lately
                 built
                 ;
                 and
                 finding
                 the
                 Guard
                 ,
                 through
                 overmuch
                 Confidence
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Surfeiting
                 and
                 Drunkenness
                 ,
                 fallen
                 fast
                 asleep
                 ,
                 set
                 Scaling-Ladders
                 (
                 made
                 for
                 the
                 purpose
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 :
                 By
                 which
                 means
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 stoutest
                 Fellows
                 of
                 the
                 Garison
                 mounted
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Centinels
                 ,
                 and
                 open'd
                 the
                 Gates
                 .
                 This
                 sudden
                 Assault
                 being
                 made
                 upon
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusian
                 Commanders
                 *
                 not
                 yet
                 recover'd
                 of
                 their
                 drunken
                 Fit
                 ,
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 help
                 their
                 Fellows
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 they
                 could
                 .
                 But
                 through
                 their
                 Wine
                 not
                 knowing
                 how
                 to
                 use
                 their
                 Hands
                 ,
                 some
                 were
                 knock'd
                 on
                 the
                 Head
                 ,
                 others
                 took
                 to
                 their
                 Heels
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 City
                 being
                 taken
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 issu'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 and
                 entred
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Citizens
                 by
                 reason
                 
                 of
                 this
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 Surprize
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Confusion
                 that
                 was
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 
                 being
                 even
                 at
                 their
                 Wits
                 end
                 ,
                 all
                 places
                 were
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Slaughter
                 and
                 Destruction
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Tyrant's
                 Soldiers
                 being
                 above
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 good
                 Order
                 and
                 Discipline
                 ,
                 
                 none
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 withstand
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 through
                 Fear
                 and
                 Confusion
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Disorder
                 of
                 an
                 ungovernable
                 Multitude
                 ,
                 through
                 want
                 of
                 Officers
                 ,
                 all
                 went
                 to
                 wrack
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 Forum
                 ,
                 being
                 now
                 Conquerors
                 ,
                 they
                 presently
                 rush'd
                 into
                 the
                 Houses
                 ,
                 and
                 Ransack'd
                 and
                 Plunder'd
                 all
                 to
                 a
                 vast
                 Value
                 of
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Captive
                 a
                 great
                 Multitude
                 of
                 Women
                 ,
                 Children
                 and
                 Servants
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 straight
                 and
                 narrow
                 Passages
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Places
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 made
                 Resistance
                 ,
                 and
                 never
                 ceas'd
                 fighting
                 ;
                 Multitudes
                 being
                 kill'd
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 wounded
                 .
                 And
                 even
                 all
                 the
                 Night
                 long
                 they
                 kill'd
                 one
                 another
                 as
                 they
                 fortun'd
                 to
                 meet
                 in
                 the
                 Dark
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 place
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 but
                 what
                 was
                 cover'd
                 
                 and
                 strew'd
                 with
                 Dead
                 Carcasses
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 Day
                 ,
                 the
                 Light
                 discover'd
                 the
                 Greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Calamity
                 and
                 Misery
                 .
                 The
                 Citizens
                 having
                 now
                 no
                 means
                 left
                 to
                 be
                 deliver'd
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 Aid
                 and
                 Assistance
                 of
                 Dion
                 ,
                 sent
                 forth
                 some
                 Horsemen
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Leontines
                 ,
                 earnestly
                 to
                 intreat
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 the
                 Country
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Prey
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 pardon
                 their
                 former
                 Miscarriages
                 ,
                 and
                 commiserate
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 present
                 Distress
                 ,
                 and
                 relieve
                 and
                 raise
                 up
                 their
                 Country
                 from
                 that
                 low
                 and
                 despicable
                 Condition
                 wherein
                 they
                 then
                 were
                 .
              
               
                 Dion
                 who
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 a
                 brave
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 a
                 Soul
                 well
                 principled
                 with
                 the
                 Rudiments
                 of
                 Philosophy
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 was
                 mild
                 and
                 easie
                 to
                 be
                 Persuaded
                 ,
                 remember'd
                 not
                 the
                 former
                 Injuries
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 but
                 hir'd
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 march
                 away
                 to
                 the
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 these
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 swift
                 March
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Hexapylae
                 .
                 There
                 he
                 
                 drew
                 up
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 forward
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 met
                 him
                 above
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 old
                 People
                 ,
                 who
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 who
                 all
                 prostrated
                 themselves
                 at
                 his
                 Feet
                 ,
                 and
                 beseech'd
                 him
                 with
                 Tears
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 rescue
                 them
                 
                 from
                 their
                 wretched
                 and
                 miserable
                 Condition
                 .
                 The
                 Soldiers
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 having
                 now
                 accomplish'd
                 what
                 they
                 aim'd
                 at
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 plunder'd
                 all
                 the
                 Houses
                 about
                 the
                 Forum
                 ,
                 set
                 them
                 on
                 fire
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 breaking
                 into
                 the
                 fest
                 made
                 a
                 Prey
                 of
                 all
                 they
                 found
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 very
                 nick
                 of
                 time
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 height
                 of
                 their
                 Rapines
                 ,
                 Dion
                 forcing
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 in
                 many
                 places
                 at
                 once
                 ,
                 sets
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 now
                 eager
                 in
                 plundering
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 
                 all
                 he
                 met
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 carrying
                 away
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Houshold-Goods
                 bundled
                 upon
                 their
                 Shoulders
                 .
                 For
                 coming
                 upon
                 them
                 on
                 the
                 sudden
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 Scatter'd
                 and
                 Dispers'd
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 bringing
                 away
                 their
                 Prey
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 all
                 easily
                 knock'd
                 on
                 the
                 Head.
                 After
                 Four
                 thousand
                 and
                 upwards
                 were
                 slain
                 ,
                 some
                 in
                 the
                 Houses
                 and
                 others
                 in
                 the
                 Streets
                 and
                 High-ways
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 fled
                 into
                 the
                 Castle
                 and
                 clapt
                 the
                 Gates
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 escap'd
                 .
              
               
                 Dion
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 perform'd
                 this
                 Exploit
                 (
                 the
                 most
                 Glorious
                 of
                 any
                 ever
                 before
                 )
                 quench'd
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 preserv'd
                 the
                 Houses
                 that
                 were
                 all
                 on
                 a
                 Flame
                 ,
                 and
                 firmly
                 repair'd
                 the
                 Wall
                 that
                 fronted
                 the
                 Castle
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 by
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 piece
                 of
                 Work
                 ,
                 he
                 both
                 defended
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 strengthned
                 the
                 Garison
                 within
                 the
                 Acropolis
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 cleans'd
                 the
                 Town
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 erected
                 a
                 Trophy
                 ,
                 and
                 Sacrific'd
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 for
                 the
                 Deliverance
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 testifie
                 their
                 Gratitude
                 to
                 Dion
                 ,
                 call'd
                 a
                 General
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 an
                 unanimous
                 Vote
                 made
                 him
                 *
                 chief
                 Governor
                 ,
                 with
                 full
                 and
                 absolute
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 conferr'd
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Honours
                 due
                 to
                 a
                 Demy-god
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 agreeable
                 to
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 his
                 other
                 Actions
                 ,
                 he
                 freely
                 pardon'd
                 all
                 that
                 had
                 maliciously
                 injur'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 frequent
                 Admonitions
                 brought
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 mutual
                 Peace
                 and
                 Concord
                 :
                 For
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 of
                 all
                 Ranks
                 and
                 Degrees
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 and
                 applauded
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 their
                 great
                 Benefactor
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 the
                 only
                 Saviour
                 of
                 their
                 Countrey
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 V.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Continuance
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Social
                     War.
                     Iphicrates
                  
                   and
                   Timotheus
                   join'd
                   Admirals
                   with
                   Chares
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   
                     Athenians
                     .
                     Iphicrates
                  
                   and
                   Timotheus
                   accus'd
                   by
                   Chares
                   ,
                   and
                   fin'd
                   and
                   remov'd
                   .
                   Chares
                   joins
                   with
                   Pharnabasus
                   ,
                   and
                   routs
                   the
                   Persians
                   .
                   The
                   End
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Social
                     War.
                  
                   Philip
                   subdues
                   the
                   Confederates
                   .
                
              
               
                 IN
                 Greece
                 the
                 
                   Social
                   War
                
                 growing
                 on
                 apace
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 
                   Chians
                   ,
                   Rhodians
                   ,
                   Coons
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Byzantines
                 join'd
                 together
                 against
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 great
                 Preparations
                 were
                 made
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Decision
                 of
                 the
                 Quarrel
                 by
                 a
                 Sea-Fight
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 tho'
                 they
                 had
                 rigg'd
                 out
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Sixty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Chares
                 ;
                 yet
                 they
                 sent
                 out
                 others
                 for
                 the
                 further
                 strengthening
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 employ'd
                 before
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Commands
                 of
                 Two
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Eminent
                 of
                 their
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 Iphicrates
                 and
                 Timotheus
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 invested
                 in
                 equal
                 Power
                 of
                 Command
                 with
                 Chares
                 ,
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 their
                 rebellious
                 Confederates
                 .
              
               
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Chians
                   ,
                   Rhodians
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Byzantines
                 ,
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Sail
                 from
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 waste
                 and
                 spoil
                 the
                 Islands
                 Imbrus
                 and
                 Lemnos
                 ,
                 belonging
                 
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 :
                 Thence
                 they
                 made
                 for
                 Samos
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 harass'd
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 City
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land.
                 Many
                 other
                 Islands
                 likewise
                 under
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 they
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 Treasure
                 for
                 the
                 carrying
                 on
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Athenian
                 Generals
                 therefore
                 joining
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 to
                 besiege
                 Byzantium
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Chians
                 and
                 their
                 Confederates
                 raising
                 their
                 Siege
                 at
                 Samos
                 ,
                 and
                 preparing
                 to
                 relieve
                 Byzantium
                 ,
                 the
                 Fleets
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 met
                 in
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 just
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 ready
                 to
                 join
                 Battel
                 ,
                 there
                 arose
                 suddenly
                 a
                 violent
                 Tempest
                 which
                 prevented
                 their
                 Design
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 Chares
                 was
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 fight
                 ,
                 tho'
                 Nature
                 herself
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Wind
                 and
                 Seas
                 ,
                 conspir'd
                 against
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 Iphicrates
                 and
                 Timotheus
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Storm
                 ,
                 refus'd
                 .
                 Chares
                 (
                 attesting
                 the
                 Faithfulness
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 )
                 accus'd
                 his
                 Colleagues
                 of
                 Treason
                 ,
                 and
                 wrote
                 Letters
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 whereby
                 he
                 inform'd
                 them
                 that
                 they
                 wav'd
                 fighting
                 purposely
                 out
                 of
                 Design
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 the
                 People
                 were
                 so
                 incens'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 condemn'd
                 them
                 both
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 fin'd
                 them
                 in
                 many
                 Talents
                 ,
                 revok'd
                 their
                 Commissions
                 .
              
               
                 Chares
                 now
                 having
                 the
                 sole
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 designing
                 to
                 free
                 the
                 Athenians
                 from
                 
                 Charge
                 and
                 Expence
                 ,
                 did
                 a
                 very
                 rash
                 Act
                 :
                 Pharnabasus
                 had
                 revolted
                 from
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 now
                 ready
                 to
                 engage
                 with
                 a
                 very
                 small
                 Force
                 the
                 Persian
                 Lord-Lieutenants
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 in
                 their
                 Army
                 Seventy
                 thousand
                 Men
                 :
                 Chares
                 joins
                 this
                 Man
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 totally
                 routed
                 the
                 King
                 's
                 ;
                 and
                 Pharnabasus
                 in
                 Gratitude
                 for
                 the
                 Service
                 ,
                 gave
                 him
                 as
                 much
                 Money
                 as
                 was
                 sufficient
                 to
                 pay
                 all
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 This
                 Act
                 of
                 Chares
                 was
                 at
                 first
                 very
                 grateful
                 and
                 acceptable
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 complain'd
                 of
                 the
                 Injurie
                 done
                 him
                 by
                 Chares
                 ,
                 they
                 altogether
                 chang'd
                 their
                 Notes
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 as
                 far
                 the
                 other
                 way
                 :
                 For
                 a
                 Rumor
                 was
                 spread
                 abroad
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 promis'd
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Sail
                 for
                 the
                 Aid
                 and
                 Assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 Enemies
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 People
                 were
                 so
                 terrify'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 decreed
                 to
                 agree
                 Matters
                 with
                 the
                 Revolters
                 ;
                 and
                 finding
                 them
                 as
                 willing
                 to
                 embrace
                 Terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 as
                 themselves
                 ,
                 the
                 Business
                 was
                 
                 easily
                 compos'd
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Social
                   War
                
                 ,
                 after
                 it
                 had
                 continu'd
                 four
                 Years
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 Three
                 Kings
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 the
                 Paeones
                 ,
                 and
                 Illyrians
                 ,
                 confederated
                 against
                 Philip.
                 These
                 Princes
                 ,
                 being
                 Borderers
                 upon
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 brook
                 without
                 Envy
                 his
                 growing
                 Power
                 :
                 And
                 though
                 they
                 had
                 had
                 Experience
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 his
                 equal
                 Match
                 singly
                 (
                 being
                 not
                 long
                 before
                 conquer'd
                 by
                 him
                 )
                 yet
                 by
                 joining
                 their
                 Forces
                 together
                 ,
                 they
                 confidently
                 concluded
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 deal
                 with
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 Philip
                 coming
                 suddenly
                 upon
                 them
                 while
                 they
                 were
                 raising
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 yet
                 without
                 any
                 form'd
                 Troops
                 being
                 in
                 readiness
                 ;
                 in
                 this
                 Surprize
                 he
                 broke
                 them
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 them
                 to
                 stoop
                 to
                 the
                 Yoak
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 VI.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Beginning
                   of
                   the
                   Sacred
                   or
                   
                     Phocian
                     War.
                     Philomelus
                  
                   seizes
                   the
                   Temple
                   at
                   Delphos
                   ,
                   after
                   he
                   had
                   routed
                   the
                   Locrians
                   .
                   How
                   the
                   Oracle
                   at
                   Delphos
                   was
                   first
                   discover'd
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Beginning
                   of
                   the
                   Tripode
                   .
                   The
                   Athenians
                   and
                   others
                   join
                   with
                   Philomelus
                   .
                
              
               
                 AFter
                 Callistratus
                 was
                 created
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Fabius
                
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Plotius
                
                 
                 Consuls
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 the
                 War
                 call'd
                 
                   The
                   Sacred
                   War
                
                 broke
                 forth
                 ,
                 which
                 continu'd
                 Nine
                 Years
                 :
                 For
                 Philomelus
                 the
                 Phocian
                 (
                 inferior
                 to
                 none
                 in
                 Impudence
                 and
                 Wickedness
                 )
                 having
                 seiz'd
                 the
                 Temple
                 at
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 occasion'd
                 the
                 
                   Sacred
                   War
                
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 Account
                 following
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 were
                 routed
                 by
                 the
                 Thebans
                 at
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Leuctra
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 made
                 great
                 Complaints
                 against
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Court
                 of
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 seizing
                 of
                 Cadmea
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 adjudg'd
                 to
                 pay
                 to
                 them
                 a
                 great
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 .
                 The
                 Phocians
                 likewise
                 were
                 accus'd
                 ,
                 and
                 condemn'd
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 Court
                 to
                 pay
                 many
                 Talents
                 to
                 the
                 Use
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 at
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 had
                 intruded
                 into
                 a
                 large
                 Piece
                 of
                 Land
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Cirrhaea
                 ,
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 till'd
                 and
                 plough'd
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Mu●ct
                 being
                 neglected
                 to
                 be
                 paid
                 ,
                 the
                 *
                 Hieromemones
                 accus'd
                 the
                 Phocians
                 in
                 the
                 Senate
                 of
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 ,
                 and
                 pray'd
                 them
                 if
                 the
                 Money
                 were
                 not
                 paid
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Lands
                 of
                 the
                 sacrilegious
                 Persons
                 might
                 be
                 confiscated
                 ,
                 and
                 devoted
                 to
                 the
                 Deity
                 .
                 They
                 requird
                 likewise
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 rest
                 that
                 were
                 condemn'd
                 (
                 among
                 whom
                 were
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 )
                 should
                 pay
                 what
                 was
                 due
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 ;
                 and
                 pray'd
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 observe
                 what
                 was
                 so
                 order'd
                 ,
                 that
                 then
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 prosecuted
                 as
                 hateful
                 Enemies
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
                 This
                 Decree
                 of
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 being
                 ratify'd
                 and
                 approv'd
                 of
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Phocians
                 was
                 upon
                 the
                 point
                 of
                 being
                 devoted
                 to
                 those
                 Sacred
                 Uses
                 .
                 Philomelus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 in
                 greatest
                 Esteem
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 told
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 That
                 
                 the
                 Fine
                 was
                 so
                 excessive
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 could
                 not
                 possibly
                 be
                 paid
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 suffer
                 their
                 Country
                 to
                 be
                 sacrific'd
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 not
                 only
                 argue
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 cowardly
                 and
                 poor
                 spirited
                 ,
                 but
                 be
                 dangerous
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 would
                 tend
                 to
                 the
                 utter
                 Ruin
                 of
                 them
                 and
                 their
                 Families
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 did
                 all
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Decree
                 of
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 was
                 most
                 unjust
                 ,
                 and
                 highly
                 injurious
                 ,
                 inasmuch
                 as
                 for
                 a
                 little
                 and
                 inconsiderate
                 Spot
                 of
                 Land
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 impos'd
                 a
                 Mulct
                 far
                 exceeding
                 the
                 Proportion
                 and
                 Merit
                 of
                 the
                 Offence
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 advis'd
                 them
                 to
                 rescind
                 the
                 Decree
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 Reasons
                 sufficient
                 to
                 justifie
                 their
                 so
                 doing
                 :
                 And
                 among
                 others
                 he
                 alledg'd
                 ,
                 That
                 heretofore
                 the
                 Oracle
                 was
                 under
                 their
                 Power
                 and
                 Protection
                 ;
                 and
                 cited
                 the
                 Verses
                 of
                 Homer
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 ancient
                 and
                 famous
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Poets
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Witness
                 of
                 the
                 Truth
                 of
                 what
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 who
                 speaks
                 to
                 this
                 effect
                 :
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Epistrophus
                   and
                   Schedius
                   did
                   command
                
                 
                   
                     (
                     Iphitus
                  
                   valiant
                   Sons
                   )
                   the
                   Phocian
                   Band
                   ,
                
                 
                   Who
                   Cypariss
                   and
                   Pitho
                   till'd
                   —
                   Ogilb
                   .
                
              
               
                 Therefore
                 the
                 Contest
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 for
                 the
                 Custody
                 and
                 Patronage
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 said
                 belong'd
                 to
                 the
                 Ancestors
                 of
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 would
                 commit
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 absolute
                 Power
                 ,
                 as
                 Chief
                 Commander
                 in
                 this
                 Affair
                 ,
                 he
                 promis'd
                 to
                 manage
                 it
                 with
                 the
                 utmost
                 Care
                 and
                 Dexterity
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Phocians
                 (
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Mulct
                 impos'd
                 upon
                 them
                 )
                 created
                 Philomelus
                 sole
                 and
                 absolute
                 General
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 Philomelus
                 diligently
                 pursu'd
                 the
                 Performance
                 of
                 his
                 Promise
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 presently
                 made
                 a
                 Journey
                 to
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 private
                 Conference
                 concerning
                 the
                 Business
                 with
                 Archidomus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 alledging
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 as
                 much
                 the
                 Interest
                 and
                 Concern
                 of
                 Archidomus
                 ,
                 as
                 his
                 ,
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 Decrees
                 of
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 rescinded
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 had
                 injur'd
                 likewise
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 unjustly
                 ,
                 by
                 giving
                 Judgment
                 against
                 them
                 .
                 He
                 thereupon
                 discover'd
                 to
                 him
                 his
                 Design
                 of
                 seizing
                 upon
                 the
                 Temple
                 at
                 Delphos
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 prevail'd
                 inbringing
                 the
                 Oracle
                 under
                 his
                 Care
                 and
                 Patronage
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 make
                 void
                 all
                 the
                 Decrees
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Amphictyons
                   .
                   
                   Archidomus
                
                 approv'd
                 well
                 of
                 what
                 he
                 said
                 ;
                 but
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 would
                 not
                 appear
                 openly
                 to
                 be
                 aiding
                 in
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 but
                 assur'd
                 him
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 join
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 privately
                 ,
                 in
                 supplying
                 him
                 with
                 Money
                 and
                 mercenary
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 Philomelus
                 then
                 having
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 him
                 Fifteen
                 Talents
                 ,
                 and
                 adding
                 as
                 many
                 more
                 to
                 them
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 Soldiers
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 :
                 A
                 thousand
                 he
                 listed
                 from
                 among
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 call'd
                 *
                 Peltastates
                 .
                 And
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 considerable
                 Force
                 ,
                 he
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Temple
                 :
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 Delphians
                 call'd
                 Thracidae
                 oppos'd
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 those
                 he
                 slew
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 up
                 all
                 they
                 had
                 to
                 the
                 Plunder
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 He
                 commanded
                 the
                 rest
                 (
                 whom
                 he
                 perceiv'd
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 no
                 small
                 Fright
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 good
                 Courage
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 should
                 suffer
                 no
                 prejudice
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Report
                 of
                 seizing
                 the
                 Temple
                 was
                 spread
                 far
                 and
                 near
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Locrians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 next
                 Borderers
                 ,
                 march'd
                 against
                 Philomelus
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 him
                 near
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 routed
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 made
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 back
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Philomelus
                 puff'd
                 up
                 with
                 this
                 Victory
                 ,
                 cut
                 the
                 Decrees
                 of
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Pillars
                 ,
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 all
                 the
                 Records
                 concerning
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 condemn'd
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 he
                 caus'd
                 Reports
                 to
                 be
                 spread
                 abroad
                 in
                 every
                 place
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 neither
                 design'd
                 to
                 rob
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 nor
                 commit
                 any
                 other
                 Mischief
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 to
                 recover
                 an
                 ancient
                 Right
                 descended
                 to
                 them
                 from
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 had
                 a
                 desire
                 to
                 make
                 void
                 the
                 unjust
                 Decrees
                 of
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 ancient
                 Laws
                 of
                 the
                 Phocians
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 assembled
                 in
                 Council
                 made
                 a
                 Decree
                 to
                 relieve
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 rais'd
                 an
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 Philomelus
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 drew
                 a
                 Wall
                 round
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 and
                 rais'd
                 many
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 added
                 to
                 their
                 Pay
                 half
                 as
                 much
                 more
                 as
                 their
                 Due
                 amounted
                 unto
                 ;
                 and
                 making
                 choice
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Soldiers
                 among
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 he
                 enroll'd
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 got
                 together
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 as
                 amounted
                 to
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Men
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 possessing
                 himself
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Passages
                 to
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 he
                 became
                 formidable
                 to
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
                 Then
                 marching
                 into
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 the
                 Locrians
                 ,
                 he
                 wasted
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 encamp'd
                 near
                 a
                 River
                 that
                 ran
                 close
                 by
                 a
                 very
                 strong
                 Fort
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 besieg'd
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 some
                 Assaults
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 take
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 engag'd
                 with
                 the
                 Locrians
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 lost
                 Twenty
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ;
                 whose
                 Bodies
                 not
                 being
                 capable
                 to
                 recover
                 by
                 Force
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 a
                 Trumpeter
                 to
                 have
                 them
                 deliver'd
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Locrians
                 deny'd
                 the
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 answer
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 general
                 Law
                 among
                 all
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 that
                 sacrilegious
                 Persons
                 should
                 be
                 cast
                 forth
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 allow'd
                 any
                 
                 Burial
                 .
                 Highly
                 provok'd
                 with
                 this
                 Repulse
                 ,
                 he
                 fought
                 again
                 with
                 the
                 Locrians
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 great
                 Valour
                 and
                 Resolution
                 slaughter'd
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 their
                 Bodies
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 forc'd
                 the
                 Locrians
                 in
                 exchange
                 to
                 deliver
                 the
                 Dead
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 being
                 Master
                 of
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 he
                 rang'd
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Locris
                 ;
                 and
                 loading
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 with
                 Plunder
                 ,
                 return'd
                 to
                 Delphos
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 desiring
                 to
                 know
                 from
                 the
                 Oracle
                 what
                 would
                 be
                 the
                 Issue
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 he
                 forc'd
                 Pythia
                 the
                 Prophetess
                 to
                 ascend
                 the
                 Tripode
                 ,
                 and
                 *
                 give
                 him
                 an
                 Answer
                 .
                 Since
                 that
                 mention
                 is
                 here
                 made
                 of
                 the
                 Tripode
                 ,
                 I
                 conceive
                 it
                 not
                 unseasonable
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 what
                 has
                 been
                 handed
                 down
                 to
                 us
                 concerning
                 it
                 from
                 ancient
                 Times
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 reported
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Oracle
                 was
                 first
                 discover'd
                 by
                 some
                 Goats
                 ;
                 for
                 which
                 reason
                 such
                 Creatures
                 are
                 most
                 commonly
                 sacrific'd
                 by
                 the
                 Delphians
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 enquire
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 .
                 The
                 Discovery
                 is
                 related
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 :
                 There
                 was
                 an
                 Opening
                 or
                 Gulf
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 in
                 that
                 
                 Place
                 ,
                 now
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Adytum
                   of
                   the
                   Temple
                
                 ;
                 about
                 this
                 the
                 Goats
                 straggled
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 feeding
                 :
                 For
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 they
                 of
                 Delphos
                 had
                 no
                 Religious
                 Regard
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 .
                 It
                 often
                 happen'd
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 any
                 Goat
                 came
                 near
                 the
                 Gulf
                 ,
                 and
                 look'd
                 down
                 ,
                 it
                 would
                 fall
                 a
                 leaping
                 and
                 dancing
                 in
                 a
                 wonderful
                 manner
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 an
                 unusual
                 Noise
                 ,
                 far
                 different
                 from
                 that
                 at
                 other
                 times
                 .
                 A
                 Shepherd
                 wondring
                 at
                 the
                 Novelty
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 ,
                 drew
                 towards
                 the
                 Place
                 to
                 learn
                 what
                 was
                 the
                 Cause
                 ;
                 and
                 looking
                 down
                 ,
                 he
                 acted
                 the
                 same
                 Part
                 with
                 the
                 Goats
                 :
                 For
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 moved
                 and
                 acted
                 as
                 by
                 some
                 Enthusiasm
                 ,
                 so
                 he
                 likewise
                 was
                 inspir'd
                 with
                 a
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Prophecy
                 .
                 The
                 News
                 presently
                 spreading
                 abroad
                 among
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 how
                 wonderfully
                 they
                 were
                 affected
                 that
                 look'd
                 down
                 into
                 the
                 Chasm
                 ,
                 many
                 flock'd
                 to
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 Curiosity
                 made
                 Experiments
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 came
                 near
                 ,
                 were
                 always
                 acted
                 with
                 a
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Divination
                 .
                 For
                 these
                 Reasons
                 ,
                 the
                 Place
                 was
                 counted
                 the
                 Residence
                 of
                 some
                 Oracle
                 :
                 For
                 some
                 time
                 therefore
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 practice
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 who
                 had
                 a
                 desire
                 to
                 know
                 Future
                 Events
                 ,
                 would
                 approach
                 to
                 this
                 Denn
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 return
                 Answers
                 of
                 things
                 that
                 were
                 to
                 come
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 .
                 But
                 whereas
                 many
                 through
                 an
                 Excess
                 and
                 Transport
                 of
                 Mind
                 would
                 leap
                 into
                 the
                 Gulf
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 were
                 never
                 seen
                 more
                 ;
                 it
                 was
                 judg'd
                 adviseable
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 (
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 like
                 danger
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 )
                 that
                 some
                 one
                 Woman
                 should
                 be
                 consecrated
                 Prophetess
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 by
                 her
                 the
                 
                 Answer
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 should
                 be
                 deliver'd
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 an
                 Engine
                 should
                 be
                 made
                 for
                 her
                 whereon
                 she
                 might
                 sit
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 be
                 inspir'd
                 without
                 any
                 danger
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 Answers
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 consulted
                 with
                 her
                 concerning
                 Future
                 Events
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Machine
                 had
                 three
                 Feet
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 it
                 was
                 call'd
                 the
                 Tripode
                 ,
                 whose
                 Figure
                 and
                 
                 Shape
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Tripodes
                 of
                 Brass
                 made
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 do
                 imitate
                 .
                 But
                 sufficient
                 ,
                 we
                 conceive
                 ,
                 is
                 said
                 concerning
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 finding
                 out
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 what
                 Reasons
                 the
                 Tripode
                 was
                 made
                 ,
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 reported
                 ,
                 That
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 Virgins
                 were
                 assign'd
                 to
                 this
                 Office
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 in
                 their
                 Nature
                 they
                 are
                 more
                 pure
                 and
                 harmless
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Sex
                 with
                 *
                 Diana
                 :
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 judg'd
                 fittest
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Secrets
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 latter
                 time
                 ,
                 one
                 
                   Thessalus
                   Echecrates
                
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 upon
                 sight
                 of
                 the
                 Virgin-Prophetess
                 ,
                 for
                 her
                 admirable
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 fell
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 ravish'd
                 her
                 :
                 Which
                 wicked
                 Fact
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Delphians
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Law
                 ,
                 That
                 no
                 young
                 Virgin
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 
                 grave
                 Woman
                 of
                 fifty
                 Years
                 of
                 Age
                 (
                 in
                 a
                 Virgin
                 's
                 Dress
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 up
                 the
                 Memory
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 Mode
                 in
                 Divination
                 )
                 should
                 preside
                 ,
                 and
                 return
                 the
                 Answers
                 .
                 These
                 are
                 the
                 old
                 fabulous
                 Stories
                 that
                 are
                 told
                 concerning
                 the
                 first
                 discovery
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 Acts
                 of
                 Philomelus
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 now
                 Lord
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 ;
                 commanded
                 Pythia
                 to
                 answer
                 him
                 from
                 the
                 Tripods
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 ancient
                 Rite
                 and
                 Custom
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Prophetess
                 answer'd
                 him
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   This
                   is
                   the
                   Custom
                   of
                   the
                   Country
                
                 ;
                 he
                 commanded
                 her
                 with
                 Threats
                 to
                 ascend
                 the
                 Tripode
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 she
                 submitting
                 by
                 force
                 to
                 the
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Imposer
                 ,
                 answer'd
                 him
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 lawful
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 do
                 what
                 he
                 list
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 very
                 jocund
                 ,
                 and
                 said
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 an
                 Answer
                 fit
                 for
                 his
                 Purpose
                 :
                 And
                 thereupon
                 presently
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Answer
                 to
                 be
                 recorded
                 ,
                 and
                 expos'd
                 to
                 be
                 read
                 ;
                 that
                 so
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 evident
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 God
                 had
                 given
                 him
                 liberty
                 to
                 do
                 what
                 he
                 pleas'd
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 call'd
                 a
                 General
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 and
                 rehears'd
                 to
                 them
                 the
                 
                   Divine
                   Oracle
                
                 ,
                 and
                 bid
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 be
                 constant
                 and
                 courageous
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 betook
                 himself
                 again
                 to
                 the
                 Business
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 a
                 Prodigy
                 appear'd
                 to
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Apollo
                 ;
                 for
                 an
                 Eagle
                 hovering
                 over
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 casting
                 her self
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 pursu'd
                 the
                 Pigeons
                 (
                 that
                 were
                 fed
                 and
                 kept
                 in
                 the
                 Temple
                 )
                 from
                 place
                 to
                 place
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 she
                 snatch'd
                 away
                 some
                 even
                 from
                 the
                 Altars
                 themselves
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 were
                 vers'd
                 in
                 interpreting
                 things
                 of
                 this
                 Nature
                 ,
                 declar'd
                 that
                 this
                 portended
                 that
                 Philomelus
                 and
                 the
                 Phocians
                 should
                 possess
                 themselves
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Treasures
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 .
                 Being
                 greatly
                 puff'd
                 up
                 with
                 this
                 Encouragement
                 ,
                 he
                 singles
                 out
                 the
                 choicest
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 to
                 send
                 as
                 Messengers
                 
                 abroad
                 ,
                 some
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 others
                 to
                 Lacedaemon
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 to
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 most
                 remarkable
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 with
                 this
                 Apology
                 :
                 That
                 he
                 had
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 not
                 with
                 any
                 design
                 to
                 commit
                 any
                 Sacrilege
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 regain
                 the
                 Patronage
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 for
                 his
                 Country
                 ;
                 and
                 declar'd
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 ready
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 exact
                 account
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Greeks
                 of
                 the
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 dedicated
                 Gifts
                 there
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 weight
                 and
                 number
                 ,
                 whoever
                 should
                 require
                 the
                 same
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 he
                 desir'd
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 any
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 Envy
                 or
                 Malice
                 ,
                 should
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 rather
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 against
                 such
                 ,
                 or
                 at
                 least
                 stand
                 Neuters
                 .
                 The
                 Ambassadors
                 quitting
                 themselves
                 with
                 all
                 diligence
                 in
                 this
                 matter
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   Lacedaemonians
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 ,
                 entred
                 into
                 the
                 Confederacy
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 them
                 assistance
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Locrians
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 ,
                 were
                 of
                 a
                 contrary
                 Mind
                 ,
                 who
                 took
                 up
                 Arms
                 in
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 against
                 the
                 Phocians
                 .
                 These
                 were
                 the
                 things
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Battel
                   at
                   Phaedra
                   between
                   Philomelus
                   and
                   the
                   Locrians
                   .
                   The
                   Parties
                   engag'd
                   in
                   the
                   Phocian
                   War.
                   The
                   Battel
                   between
                   the
                   Boeotians
                   and
                   
                     Phocians
                     .
                     Philomelus
                  
                   kill'd
                   .
                   Onomarchus
                   made
                   General
                   :
                   His
                   Dreams
                   ,
                   Successes
                   and
                   Death
                   .
                
              
               
                 NOW
                 Diotinus
                 executed
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Cneius
                   Manlius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Martius
                
                 of
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 ;
                 when
                 Philomelus
                 having
                 a
                 prospect
                 of
                 the
                 Storm
                 
                 of
                 War
                 that
                 was
                 rushing
                 in
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 hir'd
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 with
                 whom
                 he
                 join'd
                 the
                 most
                 expert
                 and
                 choicest
                 of
                 the
                 Phocians
                 .
                 But
                 tho'
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 want
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 still
                 forbore
                 to
                 meddle
                 with
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Treasures
                 ;
                 but
                 got
                 sufficient
                 to
                 pay
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Estates
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 men
                 among
                 the
                 Delphians
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 rais'd
                 a
                 considerable
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 might
                 take
                 notice
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 
                 ready
                 to
                 fight
                 with
                 any
                 Enemy
                 that
                 appear'd
                 against
                 the
                 Phocians
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 the
                 Locrians
                 
                 made
                 out
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 with
                 him
                 at
                 a
                 Place
                 call'd
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   Rocks
                   of
                
                 Phaedra
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 routed
                 ;
                 and
                 kill'd
                 multitudes
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 many
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 cast
                 themselves
                 down
                 headlong
                 from
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 Battle
                 ,
                 the
                 Phocians
                 grew
                 very
                 high
                 crested
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 their
                 prosperous
                 Success
                 .
                 The
                 Misfortune
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 greatly
                 discourag'd
                 the
                 Locrians
                 ;
                 they
                 sent
                 therefore
                 an
                 Ambassador
                 to
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 to
                 desire
                 them
                 to
                 afford
                 their
                 assistance
                 both
                 to
                 them
                 and
                 the
                 Oracle
                 .
                 The
                 Baeotians
                 both
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Piety
                 towards
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 Confirmation
                 of
                 the
                 Decrees
                 of
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 (
                 wherein
                 they
                 were
                 greatly
                 concern'd
                 )
                 solicited
                 by
                 their
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 of
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Phocians
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 (
                 after
                 that
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 had
                 decreed
                 War
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 upon
                 the
                 Phocians
                 )
                 there
                 arose
                 great
                 Uproars
                 and
                 Factions
                 throughout
                 all
                 Greece
                 .
                 Some
                 were
                 for
                 assisting
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 prosecuting
                 the
                 Phocians
                 with
                 Revenge
                 as
                 Sacrilegers
                 ;
                 others
                 were
                 for
                 defending
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 while
                 both
                 the
                 Cities
                 and
                 Countries
                 were
                 thus
                 distracted
                 in
                 their
                 Councils
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Baeotians
                   ,
                   Locrians
                   ,
                   Thessalians
                   ,
                   Perrhabeans
                   ,
                
                 
                 the
                 
                   Doreans
                   ,
                   Delopians
                   ,
                   Athamanes
                   ,
                   Achaians
                   ,
                   Phthiots
                   ,
                   Magnesians
                   ,
                   Aenianeans
                   ,
                
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 God.
                 The
                 Athenians
                 and
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 of
                 the
                 Peloponnesians
                 ,
                 join'd
                 as
                 Confederates
                 with
                 the
                 Phocians
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 others
                 ,
                 readily
                 join'd
                 for
                 these
                 Reasons
                 ,
                 viz.
                 When
                 the
                 Thebans
                 had
                 overcome
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Battel
                 at
                 Leuctra
                 ,
                 they
                 prosecuted
                 the
                 Spartans
                 in
                 the
                 high
                 Court
                 of
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 ,
                 because
                 Phaebidas
                 the
                 Spartan
                 had
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 Cadmea
                 ,
                 and
                 demanded
                 Five
                 hundred
                 
                 Talents
                 in
                 compensation
                 of
                 the
                 Injury
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 being
                 fin'd
                 so
                 much
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 paying
                 the
                 Mulct
                 impos'd
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 limited
                 by
                 the
                 Law
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 exhibited
                 a
                 new
                 Complaint
                 against
                 them
                 for
                 the
                 double
                 Injury
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Lacedemonians
                 therefore
                 being
                 condemn'd
                 by
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 in
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Talents
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 much
                 indebted
                 and
                 behind-hand
                 ,
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Pretence
                 the
                 Phocians
                 did
                 before
                 ,
                 (
                 that
                 is
                 )
                 That
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 had
                 pronounc'd
                 an
                 unjust
                 Sentence
                 against
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 (
                 though
                 it
                 was
                 for
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 )
                 yet
                 they
                 forbore
                 to
                 undertake
                 the
                 War
                 of
                 themselves
                 upon
                 the
                 Quarrel
                 of
                 the
                 Condemnation
                 ;
                 but
                 judg'd
                 that
                 it
                 might
                 carry
                 a
                 better
                 Face
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 could
                 avoid
                 the
                 Decree
                 of
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Covert
                 of
                 the
                 Phocians
                 .
                 For
                 these
                 Reasons
                 they
                 were
                 very
                 forward
                 to
                 Patronize
                 their
                 Cause
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 contriv'd
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Tutelary
                 Right
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 to
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 upon
                 certain
                 Information
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Thebans
                 had
                 prepar'd
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 
                   Phocians
                   ,
                   Philomelus
                
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 strengthen
                 his
                 Forces
                 with
                 more
                 Mercenaries
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 regard
                 more
                 Money
                 was
                 requisite
                 for
                 carrying
                 on
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 necessitated
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Sacred
                 Treasures
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 rifl'd
                 the
                 Temple
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 he
                 promis'd
                 half
                 as
                 much
                 more
                 as
                 their
                 ordinary
                 Pay
                 to
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 a
                 vast
                 Number
                 of
                 Men
                 flock'd
                 in
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 the
                 Largeness
                 of
                 the
                 Pay
                 ,
                 multitudes
                 listed
                 themselves
                 :
                 But
                 no
                 moderate
                 and
                 sober
                 Man
                 gave
                 up
                 his
                 Name
                 to
                 be
                 inroll'd
                 in
                 the
                 Lists
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Pious
                 and
                 Religious
                 respect
                 to
                 the
                 Oracle
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 every
                 base
                 Fellow
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 Gain
                 valu'd
                 not
                 the
                 Gods
                 a
                 pin
                 ,
                 but
                 flock'd
                 eagerly
                 to
                 Philomelus
                 :
                 And
                 so
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 he
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 strong
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 greedy
                 to
                 share
                 in
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Treasures
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 abundance
                 of
                 Wealth
                 was
                 the
                 Means
                 whereby
                 Philomelus
                 presently
                 form'd
                 a
                 compleat
                 Army
                 ;
                 and
                 without
                 delay
                 march'd
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Locris
                 ,
                 with
                 above
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 and
                 Foot.
                 The
                 Locrians
                 being
                 
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Baeotians
                 ,
                 met
                 him
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 there
                 hapned
                 a
                 Fight
                 with
                 the
                 Horse
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Phocians
                 were
                 Conquerors
                 .
              
               
                 Not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 border'd
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 Six
                 thousand
                 ,
                 march'd
                 into
                 Locris
                 ,
                 and
                 engag'd
                 with
                 the
                 Phocians
                 at
                 an
                 Hill
                 call'd
                 Argola
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 worsted
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 the
                 Baeotians
                 coming
                 in
                 to
                 their
                 assistance
                 with
                 Thirteen
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Actaeans
                 out
                 of
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 in
                 assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Phocians
                 with
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 ,
                 both
                 Armies
                 near
                 unto
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 place
                 ,
                 Encamp'd
                 one
                 over
                 against
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 It
                 then
                 happen'd
                 that
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 foraging
                 ,
                 fell
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 Baeotians
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 being
                 brought
                 before
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 they
                 commanded
                 a
                 Proclamation
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 Men
                 who
                 had
                 join'd
                 in
                 Arms
                 with
                 the
                 Sacrilegers
                 ,
                 were
                 adjudg'd
                 by
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 was
                 no
                 sooner
                 said
                 but
                 the
                 thing
                 was
                 executed
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 were
                 run
                 through
                 with
                 Spears
                 and
                 Darts
                 .
                 This
                 so
                 exasperated
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 of
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 they
                 earnestly
                 press'd
                 Philomelus
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 might
                 be
                 dealt
                 with
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 kind
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 him
                 by
                 their
                 restless
                 Importunities
                 to
                 be
                 quiet
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 they
                 took
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 dispers'd
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 them
                 
                 alive
                 to
                 the
                 General
                 ,
                 who
                 deliver'd
                 them
                 up
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 be
                 Darted
                 to
                 Death
                 .
                 
                 By
                 this
                 Retaliation
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 left
                 off
                 this
                 Insulting
                 and
                 Cruel
                 kind
                 of
                 Execution
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 both
                 the
                 Armies
                 moving
                 into
                 another
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 their
                 march
                 passing
                 through
                 Woods
                 and
                 rough
                 Places
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 and
                 unexpectedly
                 ,
                 the
                 Forelorn-Hopes
                 of
                 both
                 met
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 they
                 at
                 first
                 Skirmish'd
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 a
                 fierce
                 and
                 bloody
                 Battel
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Baeotians
                 over-pow
                 〈…〉
                 ing
                 the
                 Phocians
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 totally
                 routed
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 multitudes
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Phocians
                 and
                 Mercenaries
                 were
                 slain
                 in
                 the
                 pursuit
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 rough
                 and
                 difficult
                 Passes
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Woods
                 .
                 Philomelus
                 ,
                 in
                 these
                 Streights
                 and
                 Exigencies
                 ,
                 behav'd
                 himself
                 with
                 great
                 Courage
                 and
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 many
                 Wounds
                 receiv'd
                 ,
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 an
                 high
                 Precipice
                 ;
                 and
                 seeing
                 no
                 possible
                 way
                 and
                 means
                 how
                 to
                 escape
                 ,
                 and
                 fearing
                 the
                 Punishment
                 and
                 Torments
                 Prisoners
                 used
                 to
                 undergo
                 ,
                 cast
                 himself
                 down
                 headlong
                 from
                 the
                 Rock
                 ;
                 and
                 
                 thus
                 (
                 meeting
                 with
                 the
                 due
                 Reward
                 of
                 his
                 Sacrilege
                 )
                 he
                 ended
                 his
                 days
                 :
                 But
                 his
                 Collegue
                 ,
                 Onomarcus
                 ,
                 taking
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 marched
                 back
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 escap'd
                 the
                 Slaughter
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 those
                 that
                 fled
                 as
                 they
                 came
                 stragling
                 in
                 to
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 while
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 doing
                 ,
                 Philip
                 of
                 Macedon
                 took
                 Methone
                 ,
                 pillag'd
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 it
                 equal
                 with
                 the
                 Ground
                 ;
                 and
                 forc'd
                 all
                 the
                 Villages
                 and
                 Countries
                 to
                 
                 submit
                 to
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 Yoke
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 
                   Pontus
                   ,
                   Leucon
                
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Bosphorus
                 ,
                 dy'd
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 Reign'd
                 forty
                 years
                 :
                 And
                 Spartacus
                 his
                 Son
                 succeeded
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 Reign'd
                 five
                 years
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 War
                 began
                 between
                 the
                 Romans
                 and
                 the
                 Falisci
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 nothing
                 done
                 worth
                 taking
                 notice
                 of
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 harrassing
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Falisci
                 by
                 Incursions
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   Dion
                
                 ,
                 the
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 was
                 Murder'd
                 by
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 of
                 Zacynthus
                 ;
                 and
                 Callippus
                 ,
                 who
                 instigated
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Fact
                 ,
                 was
                 made
                 Chief
                 Commander
                 in
                 his
                 
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 enjoy'd
                 it
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Thirteen
                 Months
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Eudemus
                 executed
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Romans
                 intrusted
                 the
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 with
                 
                   Marcus
                   Fabius
                
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Popilius
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Baeotians
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Victory
                 
                 gained
                 over
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 return'd
                 with
                 their
                 Forces
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 supposing
                 that
                 Philomelus
                 ,
                 the
                 Author
                 and
                 Ring-leader
                 of
                 the
                 Sacrilege
                 (
                 being
                 justly
                 punish'd
                 both
                 by
                 the
                 Gods
                 and
                 Men
                 )
                 by
                 his
                 remarkable
                 End
                 ,
                 would
                 deter
                 others
                 from
                 the
                 like
                 piece
                 of
                 Wickedness
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Phocians
                 having
                 at
                 present
                 some
                 respite
                 from
                 War
                 ,
                 went
                 again
                 to
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 and
                 calling
                 together
                 a
                 General
                 Council
                 of
                 all
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 they
                 consulted
                 concerning
                 the
                 Renewing
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 Those
                 that
                 were
                 Lovers
                 of
                 Justice
                 were
                 for
                 Peace
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Prophane
                 and
                 Impious
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 minded
                 only
                 their
                 Gain
                 and
                 Advantage
                 were
                 for
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 us'd
                 their
                 utmost
                 Endeavours
                 to
                 find
                 out
                 some
                 or
                 other
                 that
                 would
                 Patronize
                 their
                 wicked
                 Designs
                 .
              
               
                 Onomarchus
                 therefore
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 premeditated
                 Speech
                 (
                 the
                 chief
                 End
                 of
                 which
                 was
                 to
                 advise
                 them
                 to
                 stick
                 to
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 before
                 resolv'd
                 )
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 renew
                 the
                 War
                 ;
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 for
                 the
                 Advancement
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 promote
                 his
                 own
                 private
                 Advantage
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 many
                 Mulcts
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 others
                 ,
                 impos'd
                 upon
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 ;
                 which
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 pay
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 judging
                 that
                 War
                 was
                 more
                 desirable
                 than
                 Peace
                 as
                 to
                 his
                 Circumstances
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 plausible
                 Speech
                 he
                 incited
                 the
                 Phocians
                 to
                 persist
                 in
                 what
                 Philomelus
                 had
                 begun
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 being
                 then
                 created
                 General
                 ,
                 he
                 inforc'd
                 himself
                 with
                 many
                 Foreign
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 recruited
                 his
                 broken
                 Troops
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 
                 augmented
                 his
                 Army
                 with
                 a
                 Multitude
                 of
                 Foreign
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 great
                 preparation
                 to
                 strengthen
                 himself
                 with
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 carrying
                 on
                 the
                 War.
                 And
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 more
                 encourag'd
                 in
                 his
                 Design
                 by
                 a
                 Dream
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 ,
                 which
                 did
                 presage
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 )
                 his
                 future
                 Greatness
                 and
                 Advancement
                 :
                 In
                 his
                 sleep
                 it
                 appear'd
                 to
                 him
                 as
                 if
                 the
                 Brazen
                 Colossus
                 ,
                 Dedicated
                 by
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 ,
                 and
                 standing
                 in
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Apollo
                 ,
                 had
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Hands
                 been
                 *
                 made
                 Higher
                 and
                 much
                 
                 Bigger
                 than
                 it
                 was
                 before
                 .
                 Hence
                 he
                 fancy'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Gods
                 portended
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 become
                 famous
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 for
                 his
                 Martial
                 Exploits
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 fell
                 out
                 quite
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 for
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 it
                 signify'd
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Mulct
                 impos'd
                 by
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 upon
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 Sacrilege
                 and
                 Violating
                 the
                 Treasures
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 much
                 Enlarg'd
                 and
                 Advanc'd
                 to
                 a
                 greater
                 Sum
                 by
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 Onomarchus
                 ;
                 which
                 at
                 length
                 came
                 to
                 pass
                 .
              
               
                 Onomarchus
                 therefore
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 was
                 created
                 General
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 Iron
                 and
                 Brass
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 ;
                 and
                 Coin'd
                 Money
                 both
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 sent
                 abroad
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 to
                 the
                 Consederate
                 Cities
                 ;
                 especially
                 he
                 sought
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 by
                 these
                 Baits
                 and
                 Largesses
                 .
              
               
               
                 Moreover
                 he
                 corrupted
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 drawing
                 some
                 into
                 the
                 Confederacy
                 ,
                 and
                 working
                 upon
                 others
                 to
                 sit
                 still
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 .
                 And
                 all
                 this
                 he
                 easily
                 effected
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 Covetousness
                 of
                 those
                 he
                 wrought
                 upon
                 .
                 For
                 by
                 his
                 Bribes
                 he
                 prevailed
                 with
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 considerable
                 of
                 the
                 Confederates
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 to
                 stand
                 Neuter
                 .
                 Those
                 among
                 the
                 Phocians
                 that
                 opposed
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 clapt
                 up
                 in
                 Prison
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 them
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 expos'd
                 their
                 Goods
                 to
                 publick
                 Sale
                 ;
                 He
                 then
                 march'd
                 into
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Thronius
                 by
                 Assault
                 ,
                 and
                 sold
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 for
                 Slaves
                 .
                 The
                 Amphissenians
                 
                 likewise
                 being
                 greatly
                 terrified
                 ,
                 he
                 forced
                 to
                 a
                 Submission
                 ,
                 and
                 possessed
                 himself
                 also
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 Doreans
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoiled
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 Thence
                 ,
                 he
                 marched
                 into
                 Boeotia
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Orchomenus
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 even
                 ready
                 to
                 sit
                 down
                 before
                 Chaeronea
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 worsted
                 by
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 returned
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Artabazus
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 rebelled
                 against
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 still
                 continued
                 his
                 War
                 
                 with
                 those
                 Lord
                 Lieutenants
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 that
                 were
                 ordered
                 out
                 against
                 him
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 while
                 Chares
                 the
                 Athenian
                 General
                 assisted
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 vallantly
                 stood
                 it
                 out
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 left
                 him
                 ,
                 wanting
                 aid
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 his
                 Application
                 to
                 the
                 Thebans
                 for
                 Relief
                 ;
                 who
                 thereupon
                 sent
                 Pammenim
                 General
                 with
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Men
                 over
                 into
                 Asia
                 ;
                 who
                 joining
                 with
                 Artabazus
                 ,
                 routed
                 the
                 Royalists
                 in
                 two
                 great
                 Fights
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 advanced
                 both
                 his
                 own
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Glory
                 and
                 Honour
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 Admiration
                 of
                 all
                 Men
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 time
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 deserted
                 by
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 eminent
                 Danger
                 by
                 the
                 Phocian
                 War
                 ,
                 which
                 then
                 threaten'd
                 them
                 ,
                 should
                 transport
                 Forces
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 Conquerors
                 in
                 all
                 their
                 Engagements
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 a
                 War
                 broke
                 out
                 between
                 the
                 Argives
                 and
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 who
                 
                 beat
                 the
                 other
                 at
                 Orneas
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 returned
                 to
                 
                   Sparta
                   .
                   Chares
                
                 likewise
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenian
                 General
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 Fleet
                 entred
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Sestos
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 considerable
                 Town
                 upon
                 that
                 Coast
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 all
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 that
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 Arms
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 carried
                 away
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 as
                 Slaves
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 Cersobleptes
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Cotys
                 ,
                 Enemy
                 to
                 Philip
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 delivered
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 in
                 Chersonesus
                 ,
                 (
                 except
                 Cardia
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 who
                 sent
                 Colonies
                 thither
                 to
                 inhabit
                 the
                 Towns
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 divided
                 amongst
                 them
                 by
                 Lot.
                 
              
               
                 Philip
                 therefore
                 discerning
                 that
                 the
                 *
                 Methoneans
                 designed
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 their
                 City
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 of
                 great
                 moment
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 )
                 to
                 his
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 laid
                 close
                 Siege
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Citizens
                 defended
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 too
                 weak
                 to
                 cope
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 forced
                 to
                 surrender
                 it
                 upon
                 these
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 That
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 should
                 depart
                 out
                 of
                 Methon
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Clothes
                 .
              
               
                 Being
                 possess'd
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 he
                 raz'd
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 the
                 Territory
                 among
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 During
                 this
                 Siege
                 ,
                 Philip
                 lost
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Eyes
                 by
                 the
                 stroke
                 of
                 a
                 Dart.
                 
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 being
                 sent
                 unto
                 by
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 ,
                 he
                 marched
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Thessaly
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 ,
                 in
                 Aid
                 of
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 ,
                 he
                 fought
                 with
                 Lycophron
                 ,
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Pheraea
                 .
              
               
                 Lycophron
                 then
                 made
                 Application
                 to
                 the
                 Phocians
                 for
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 who
                 thereupon
                 sent
                 to
                 
                 him
                 Phayllus
                 ,
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Onomarchus
                 ,
                 with
                 Seven
                 thousand
                 Men
                 :
                 But
                 Philip
                 routed
                 the
                 Troops
                 of
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 and
                 drave
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 Thessaly
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Onomarchus
                 thinking
                 to
                 be
                 Lord
                 of
                 all
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 Lycophron
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 Philip
                 opposed
                 him
                 ,
                 both
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 and
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 ,
                 but
                 Onamarchus
                 
                 overpowering
                 him
                 by
                 Number
                 ,
                 routed
                 him
                 in
                 two
                 several
                 Battels
                 ,
                 and
                 killed
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ;
                 in
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 Philip
                 was
                 brought
                 into
                 very
                 great
                 Streights
                 .
              
               
                 His
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 hereupon
                 so
                 dejected
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 ready
                 to
                 desert
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 with
                 much
                 ado
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 Perswasions
                 ,
                 he
                 at
                 length
                 brought
                 them
                 over
                 to
                 a
                 due
                 Obedience
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 within
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 returned
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 .
                 But
                 Onomarchus
                 made
                 an
                 Expedition
                 into
                 Boeotia
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 and
                 routed
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 ,
                 and
                 possessed
                 himself
                 of
                 Coronea
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Philip
                 marches
                 again
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 out
                 of
                 Macedon
                 into
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 and
                 incamps
                 against
                 Lycophron
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Pherea
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 too
                 weak
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 sent
                 for
                 Aid
                 to
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 promising
                 to
                 use
                 his
                 utmost
                 Endeavour
                 to
                 order
                 and
                 dispose
                 of
                 all
                 Things
                 throughout
                 Thessaly
                 for
                 their
                 Advantage
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 Onomarchus
                 came
                 to
                 his
                 Assistance
                 by
                 Land
                 with
                 above
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 .
              
               
                 Philip
                 having
                 persuaded
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 raised
                 above
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
              
               
               
                 Forthwith
                 a
                 bloody
                 Battel
                 was
                 fought
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Philip
                 by
                 the
                 Advantage
                 and
                 Valour
                 
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Thessalian
                   ▪
                
                 Horse
                 got
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 and
                 Onomarchus
                 and
                 his
                 Men
                 ●●ed
                 towards
                 the
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 It
                 happened
                 that
                 Chares
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Admiral
                 passed
                 by
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Navy
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 instant
                 as
                 a
                 cruel
                 Slaughter
                 was
                 made
                 among
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 those
                 that
                 fled
                 cast
                 away
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavoured
                 to
                 swim
                 to
                 the
                 Galleys
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 was
                 Onomarchus
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 conclusion
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 slain
                 of
                 the
                 Phocians
                 and
                 Mercenaries
                 above
                 Six
                 thousand
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 was
                 the
                 General
                 himself
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 were
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Three
                 thousand
                 .
              
               
                 Philip
                 *
                 hanged
                 Onomarchus
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 as
                 Sacrilegers
                 he
                 caused
                 to
                 be
                 thrown
                 into
                 
                 the
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 Onomarchus
                 thus
                 coming
                 to
                 his
                 End
                 ,
                 Phayllus
                 his
                 Brother
                 was
                 created
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Phocians
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 ,
                 to
                 repair
                 the
                 Damage
                 sustained
                 ,
                 raised
                 great
                 Numbers
                 of
                 Foreign
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 doubling
                 the
                 former
                 and
                 usual
                 Pay
                 ,
                 and
                 further
                 strengthened
                 himself
                 with
                 Addition
                 of
                 his
                 Confederates
                 ;
                 he
                 made
                 likewise
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 coined
                 both
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Mausolus
                 ,
                 a
                 Petty
                 King
                 of
                 Caria
                 ,
                 died
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 reigned
                 
                 Four
                 and
                 twenty
                 Years
                 .
                 To
                 whom
                 succeeded
                 Artemesia
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 both
                 his
                 Sister
                 and
                 Wife
                 ,
                 )
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Two
                 Years
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 likewise
                 Clearchus
                 ,
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Heraclea
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 going
                 to
                 the
                 Feasts
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 was
                 Assassinated
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Twelfth
                 Year
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 .
                 Timotheus
                 ,
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 succeeded
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 reigned
                 Fifteen
                 Years
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Thuscans
                 ,
                 at
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 harrass'd
                 and
                 wasted
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 Territory
                 ,
                 making
                 Incursions
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Tiber
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 returned
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Friends
                 of
                 Dion
                 raised
                 a
                 Sedition
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 against
                 Callippus
                 ,
                 but
                 being
                 dispersed
                 and
                 worsted
                 ,
                 they
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Leontines
                 .
                 Not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 Hipparinus
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 arrived
                 with
                 a
                 Navy
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 with
                 Callipppus
                 and
                 beat
                 him
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 Hipparinus
                 recovered
                 his
                 Father's
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 enjoyed
                 it
                 Two
                 Years
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VIII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Phayllus
                   continues
                   the
                   Phocian
                   War.
                   Aryca
                   raz'd
                   .
                   Phayllus
                   dies
                   of
                   a
                   Consumption
                   .
                   War
                   between
                   the
                   Lacedaemonians
                   and
                   
                     Megapolitans
                     .
                     Chaeronea
                  
                   taken
                   by
                   Phalaecus
                   .
                   War
                   between
                   the
                   
                     Persians
                     ,
                     Aegyptians
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Phaenicians
                     .
                     Salamis
                  
                   in
                   Cyprus
                   besieged
                   .
                   The
                   Cruelty
                   of
                   
                     Artaxerxes
                     Ochus
                  
                   towards
                   the
                   Sidonians
                   .
                   The
                   Calamity
                   of
                   Sidon
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHEN
                 Aristodamus
                 was
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Sulpitius
                
                 bore
                 the
                 Consulship
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 the
                 Hundred
                 and
                 seventh
                 Olympiad
                 was
                 celebrated
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Smicrinus
                 
                 the
                 Tarrentine
                 was
                 Victor
                 .
                 Then
                 Phayllus
                 the
                 Phocian
                 General
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 repair
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 now
                 almost
                 at
                 the
                 *
                 last
                 Gasp
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 late
                 Rout
                 and
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 possessed
                 of
                 a
                 vast
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 he
                 raised
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 of
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 wrought
                 over
                 many
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 :
                 And
                 being
                 very
                 free
                 of
                 his
                 Purse
                 ,
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 brought
                 over
                 private
                 Men
                 to
                 his
                 Party
                 ,
                 but
                 prevailed
                 with
                 famous
                 Cities
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Confederates
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 sent
                 him
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 the
                 Acheans
                 Two
                 thousand
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Athenians
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Naustcles
                 .
              
               
                 Lycophron
                 and
                 Pitholaus
                 ,
                 Tyrants
                 of
                 Pherea
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Onomarchus
                 ,
                 being
                 destitute
                 of
                 Succours
                 ,
                 delivered
                 up
                 Phera
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 Philip
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 discharged
                 ,
                 upon
                 their
                 Oaths
                 to
                 be
                 quiet
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 got
                 together
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 over
                 to
                 Phayllus
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 Phocians
                 :
                 And
                 not
                 a
                 few
                 of
                 the
                 smaller
                 Cities
                 assisted
                 them
                 by
                 their
                 bountiful
                 Contributions
                 of
                 their
                 Money
                 towards
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 Pay.
                 For
                 Gold
                 feeding
                 and
                 enkindling
                 Mens
                 Covetousness
                 ,
                 from
                 a
                 Prospect
                 of
                 Gain
                 push'd
                 them
                 forward
                 to
                 grasp
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 Advantage
                 .
                 Upon
                 these
                 Encouragements
                 ,
                 Phayllus
                 marches
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Boeotia
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 overcome
                 at
                 Orchomenon
                 ,
                 and
                 lost
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Men.
                 
              
               
               
                 Afterwards
                 there
                 was
                 another
                 Battel
                 at
                 the
                 River
                 Cephisus
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 had
                 the
                 better
                 ,
                 and
                 killed
                 Four
                 hundred
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Prisoners
                 .
                 A
                 few
                 Days
                 after
                 a
                 third
                 Fight
                 was
                 at
                 Coronea
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 had
                 again
                 the
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 and
                 killed
                 Fifty
                 of
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 thirty
                 Prisoners
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 having
                 done
                 at
                 present
                 with
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 and
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 we
                 return
                 to
                 Philip
                 ,
                 who
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 overcome
                 Onomarchus
                 in
                 so
                 signal
                 a
                 Battel
                 ,
                 freed
                 the
                 Pheraeans
                 from
                 the
                 Yoke
                 of
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 and
                 restored
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 its
                 Liberty
                 .
                 And
                 having
                 settled
                 all
                 other
                 Matters
                 in
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 he
                 marched
                 towards
                 Pylas
                 ,
                 to
                 fight
                 with
                 the
                 Phocians
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 
                 denied
                 Passage
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 he
                 returned
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 which
                 Kingdom
                 he
                 had
                 enlarged
                 both
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 his
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 by
                 his
                 Piety
                 towards
                 the
                 Gods.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Phayllus
                 marched
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 Locrians
                 ,
                 called
                 Epi●nemidii
                 ,
                 and
                 assaulted
                 and
                 took
                 by
                 force
                 some
                 Cities
                 ;
                 but
                 one
                 called
                 Aryca
                 he
                 gained
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 by
                 Treachery
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 presently
                 repulsed
                 and
                 beaten
                 out
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Loss
                 of
                 Two
                 hundred
                 of
                 his
                 Men.
                 Afterwards
                 encamping
                 at
                 a
                 Town
                 called
                 Abas
                 ,
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 surprized
                 the
                 Phocians
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 killed
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 them
                 ▪
                 Upon
                 which
                 Success
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 incouraged
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 made
                 Incursions
                 into
                 the
                 Phocians
                 Territories
                 ,
                 and
                 harrassing
                 and
                 spoiling
                 the
                 Country
                 round
                 about
                 ,
                 heaped
                 together
                 abundance
                 of
                 Plunder
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 their
                 return
                 ,
                 coming
                 to
                 relieve
                 Aryca
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 then
                 besieged
                 ,
                 )
                 Phayllus
                 sell
                 suddenly
                 
                 and
                 unexpectedly
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 routed
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 taking
                 the
                 City
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 plunder'd
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 raz'd
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
                 But
                 at
                 length
                 he
                 fell
                 into
                 a
                 *
                 lingering
                 Distemper
                 ,
                 and
                 continued
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 great
                 Torments
                 in
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 justly
                 deserved
                 ,
                 )
                 he
                 died
                 ,
                 leaving
                 Phalecus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Onomarchus
                 (
                 Incendiary
                 of
                 the
                 Sacred
                 War
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 as
                 yet
                 but
                 a
                 very
                 raw
                 Youth
                 ,
                 he
                 appointed
                 Mnaseas
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Tutor
                 and
                 Governor
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 time
                 after
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 attack'd
                 the
                 Phocians
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 killed
                 Mnaseas
                 the
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 hundred
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 Not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 in
                 an
                 Engagement
                 between
                 a
                 Party
                 of
                 Horse
                 at
                 
                   Chaeronea
                   ,
                   Phalecus
                
                 being
                 worsted
                 ,
                 lost
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 During
                 these
                 Transactions
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 great
                 Commotions
                 in
                 Peloponnesus
                 upon
                 these
                 Occasions
                 .
                 
                 The
                 Lacedaemonians
                 fell
                 out
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 Megalopolis
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 Archadamus
                 their
                 General
                 made
                 Incursions
                 into
                 their
                 Borders
                 :
                 With
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Megalopolitans
                 being
                 highly
                 incensed
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 contend
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Strength
                 ,
                 sought
                 for
                 Relief
                 from
                 their
                 Confederates
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Argives
                   ,
                   Sicyons
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Messenians
                 ,
                 assisted
                 them
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Force
                 they
                 could
                 make
                 .
                 After
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 their
                 Assistance
                 with
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Cephisiones
                 .
                 Being
                 thus
                 strengthened
                 ,
                 the
                 Megalopolitans
                 made
                 an
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 and
                 encamped
                 at
                 the
                 Fountains
                 of
                 Aphaeus
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 were
                 joined
                 with
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 from
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 Horse
                 from
                 Lycophron
                 and
                 Pitholaus
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 lately
                 deposed
                 from
                 their
                 Government
                 over
                 the
                 Pheraeans
                 .
                 And
                 having
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 considerable
                 Army
                 ,
                 they
                 encamped
                 at
                 Mantinea
                 .
                 But
                 marching
                 hence
                 to
                 Orneas
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Argives
                 ,
                 they
                 took
                 it
                 before
                 the
                 Enemy
                 could
                 come
                 up
                 to
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 Place
                 was
                 in
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Megalopolitans
                 :
                 And
                 though
                 the
                 Argives
                 broke
                 forth
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 were
                 overcome
                 in
                 the
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 and
                 lost
                 above
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 Then
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 double
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 in
                 Number
                 ,
                 but
                 much
                 inferior
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 Order
                 of
                 Discipline
                 ,
                 came
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 sharp
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 while
                 the
                 Victory
                 was
                 doubtful
                 ,
                 the
                 Argives
                 flag'd
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 away
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Confederates
                 to
                 their
                 Cities
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 entred
                 into
                 Arcadia
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Elisunta
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 plunder'd
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 returned
                 to
                 Sparta
                 .
              
               
                 Not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 with
                 their
                 Confederates
                 routed
                 the
                 Enemy
                 at
                 Telphusa
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 took
                 Anaxandrus
                 the
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 several
                 others
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 Sixty
                 ,
                 Prisoners
                 .
                 Presently
                 after
                 they
                 became
                 Conquerors
                 likewise
                 in
                 two
                 other
                 Battels
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 after
                 a
                 remarkable
                 Victory
                 gained
                 by
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 the
                 Armies
                 on
                 both
                 Sides
                 returned
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Cities
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 and
                 Megalopolitans
                 entring
                 into
                 a
                 Truce
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 returned
                 into
                 Boeotia
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Phalaecus
                 continuing
                 still
                 in
                 Boeotia
                 ,
                 took
                 Charonaea
                 ;
                 but
                 upon
                 the
                 
                 Thebans
                 coming
                 into
                 its
                 Relief
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 forced
                 to
                 quit
                 it
                 again
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 entred
                 Phocis
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoiled
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 harrass'd
                 all
                 the
                 Country
                 round
                 about
                 ,
                 and
                 plunder'd
                 and
                 destroyed
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 was
                 in
                 their
                 way
                 .
                 They
                 took
                 also
                 some
                 little
                 Towns
                 ,
                 and
                 loading
                 themselves
                 with
                 abundance
                 of
                 Plunder
                 ,
                 returned
                 into
                 Boeotia
                 .
              
               
               
                 When
                 Thessalus
                 was
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Fabius
                
                 and
                 
                   Titus
                   Quintius
                
                 
                 executed
                 the
                 Consulship
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 wearied
                 out
                 with
                 the
                 Toils
                 of
                 the
                 Phocian
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 very
                 low
                 in
                 their
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 to
                 sollicit
                 that
                 King
                 to
                 supply
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 Artaxerxes
                 readily
                 consented
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 delay
                 furnished
                 them
                 with
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 .
                 However
                 there
                 was
                 little
                 or
                 nothing
                 done
                 this
                 Year
                 worth
                 taking
                 notice
                 of
                 between
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 and
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 save
                 some
                 Skirmishes
                 ,
                 and
                 harrassing
                 one
                 anothers
                 Countries
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Asia
                 ,
                 the
                 Persian
                 King
                 having
                 invaded
                 Aegypt
                 some
                 Years
                 before
                 with
                 a
                 numerous
                 Army
                 ;
                 but
                 miscarrying
                 in
                 his
                 Design
                 ,
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 renewed
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 many
                 worthy
                 Actions
                 performed
                 by
                 his
                 Valour
                 and
                 Diligence
                 ,
                 he
                 recovered
                 
                   Aegypt
                   ,
                   Phaenicia
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Cyprus
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 the
                 History
                 may
                 be
                 made
                 more
                 plain
                 and
                 evident
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 first
                 declare
                 the
                 Causes
                 and
                 Grounds
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 looking
                 back
                 a
                 little
                 to
                 the
                 Times
                 proper
                 for
                 the
                 Occasion
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Aegyptians
                 having
                 heretofore
                 rebelled
                 against
                 the
                 
                   Persians
                   ;
                   Artaxerxes
                
                 ,
                 Sirnamed
                 
                 Ochus
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 sate
                 still
                 and
                 quiet
                 ,
                 being
                 no
                 ways
                 addicted
                 to
                 Arms.
                 And
                 though
                 Armies
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 several
                 Captains
                 were
                 set
                 forth
                 ,
                 yet
                 through
                 the
                 Treachery
                 and
                 Unskilfulness
                 of
                 the
                 Generals
                 ,
                 many
                 times
                 he
                 was
                 Unfortunate
                 and
                 Unsuccessful
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 Account
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 greatly
                 contemned
                 by
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 ,
                 yet
                 his
                 Love
                 to
                 his
                 Ease
                 and
                 Pleasure
                 had
                 that
                 Ascendent
                 over
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 inforce
                 him
                 patiently
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 Disgrace
                 .
                 But
                 now
                 when
                 the
                 Phaenicians
                 and
                 Kings
                 of
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 
                 in
                 imitation
                 of
                 this
                 Disloyalty
                 of
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Contempt
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 were
                 all
                 running
                 into
                 Rebellion
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 at
                 length
                 rouz'd
                 ,
                 and
                 determin'd
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 judged
                 it
                 not
                 Advisable
                 or
                 Prudent
                 to
                 manage
                 the
                 War
                 by
                 his
                 Deputies
                 and
                 Generals
                 ,
                 but
                 resolved
                 to
                 go
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 try
                 his
                 own
                 Fortune
                 and
                 Conduct
                 in
                 the
                 Defence
                 and
                 Preservation
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 he
                 made
                 great
                 Preparation
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 Darts
                 ,
                 Provision
                 and
                 Forces
                 ;
                 and
                 raised
                 Three
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ;
                 and
                 rigg'd
                 out
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Galleys
                 ,
                 besides
                 Six
                 hundred
                 Ships
                 of
                 Burden
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 for
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Provision
                 .
                 The
                 War
                 in
                 Phaenicia
                 first
                 broke
                 out
                 upon
                 these
                 Occasions
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Phaenicia
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 famous
                 City
                 called
                 Tripolis
                 ,
                 its
                 Name
                 agreeing
                 with
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ;
                 for
                 three
                 Cities
                 are
                 contained
                 within
                 its
                 Bounds
                 ,
                 a
                 Furlong
                 distant
                 one
                 from
                 each
                 other
                 ,
                 one
                 called
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Aradians
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 of
                 the
                 Sidonians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 third
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrians
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 the
                 most
                 eminent
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Phaenicia
                 ,
                 being
                 that
                 where
                 the
                 General
                 Senate
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Phaenicians
                 do
                 usually
                 meet
                 and
                 consult
                 about
                 the
                 weighty
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Nation
                 .
                 The
                 Kings
                 ,
                 Lords
                 Lieutenants
                 and
                 Generals
                 then
                 in
                 Sidon
                 ,
                 carrying
                 themselves
                 by
                 their
                 severe
                 Edicts
                 rigorously
                 and
                 haughtily
                 towards
                 the
                 Sidonians
                 ,
                 the
                 Citizens
                 being
                 so
                 abused
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 longer
                 to
                 brook
                 it
                 ,
                 studied
                 how
                 to
                 revolt
                 from
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Phaenicians
                 being
                 wrought
                 upon
                 by
                 the
                 other
                 to
                 vindicate
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 to
                 Nectanetus
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 then
                 at
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 to
                 receive
                 them
                 as
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 whole
                 Nation
                 prepared
                 for
                 War.
                 And
                 being
                 that
                 Sidon
                 then
                 exceeded
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 in
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 private
                 Men
                 by
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 Trade
                 were
                 grown
                 very
                 Rich
                 ,
                 they
                 built
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 raised
                 a
                 potent
                 Army
                 of
                 Mercenaries
                 ;
                 and
                 both
                 Arms
                 ,
                 Darts
                 and
                 Provision
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Things
                 necessary
                 for
                 War
                 ,
                 were
                 prepared
                 .
                 
                 And
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 appear
                 first
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 they
                 spoil'd
                 and
                 ruin'd
                 the
                 *
                 Kings
                 Garden
                 ,
                 cutting
                 down
                 all
                 the
                 Trees
                 where
                 the
                 Persian
                 Kings
                 used
                 to
                 Recreate
                 and
                 Divert
                 themselves
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 burnt
                 all
                 the
                 Hay
                 which
                 the
                 Lord
                 Lieutenants
                 had
                 laid
                 up
                 for
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 Horses
                 ,
                 At
                 last
                 they
                 seized
                 upon
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 so
                 insulted
                 over
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 haled
                 them
                 to
                 Punishment
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 began
                 the
                 War
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 with
                 the
                 Phaenicians
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 King
                 being
                 informed
                 what
                 the
                 Rebels
                 had
                 so
                 impudently
                 acted
                 ,
                 threatned
                 to
                 Revenge
                 it
                 upon
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Phaenicia
                 ,
                 especially
                 upon
                 the
                 Sidonians
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 he
                 Rendevous'd
                 all
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 both
                 Horse
                 and
                 Foot
                 ,
                 at
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 march'd
                 away
                 against
                 the
                 Phaenicians
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 upon
                 his
                 March
                 ,
                 the
                 Governor
                 of
                 Syria
                 ,
                 and
                 Mazaeus
                 Lord
                 Lieutenant
                 of
                 Caelicia
                 ,
                 joined
                 together
                 against
                 the
                 Phaenicans
                 :
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 Tennes
                 King
                 of
                 Sidon
                 procured
                 for
                 their
                 assistance
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Greek
                 Mercenaries
                 from
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Mentor
                 the
                 Rhodian
                 ;
                 with
                 these
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 he
                 engaged
                 with
                 the
                 Lord
                 Lieutenants
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 and
                 expelled
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 Phaenicia
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 Things
                 were
                 acted
                 in
                 Phaenicia
                 ,
                 the
                 War
                 in
                 Cyprus
                 began
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 depending
                 much
                 upon
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 Nine
                 great
                 Cities
                 in
                 this
                 Island
                 ,
                 under
                 whose
                 Jurisdiction
                 were
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 smaller
                 Towns.
                 Every
                 one
                 had
                 its
                 several
                 King
                 ,
                 who
                 managed
                 all
                 publick
                 Affairs
                 ;
                 yet
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 .
              
               
               
                 These
                 all
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 Confederacy
                 ,
                 and
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Example
                 of
                 the
                 Phaenicians
                 ,
                 shook
                 off
                 the
                 Yoak
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 made
                 all
                 necessary
                 Preparations
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 took
                 upon
                 them
                 the
                 Absolute
                 Power
                 and
                 Soveraignty
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 several
                 Dominions
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Artaxerxes
                 being
                 enrag'd
                 at
                 this
                 Insolence
                 ,
                 writ
                 to
                 *
                 Idrieus
                 Prince
                 of
                 Caria
                 (
                 then
                 lately
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Throne
                 ,
                 a
                 Friend
                 and
                 Confederate
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 as
                 all
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 were
                 before
                 him
                 )
                 to
                 raise
                 him
                 both
                 Land
                 and
                 Sea-Forces
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 Assistance
                 against
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Cyprus
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 rigg'd
                 out
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Forty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 on
                 board
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 Mercenaries
                 for
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Phocion
                 the
                 Athenian
                 ,
                 and
                 Evagoras
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 for
                 some
                 Years
                 before
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 lander
                 in
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 they
                 march'd
                 then
                 streight
                 to
                 Salamina
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 cast
                 up
                 a
                 Trench
                 ,
                 and
                 fortify'd
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 straitly
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 City
                 both
                 
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land.
                 The
                 Island
                 had
                 continu'd
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 in
                 peace
                 and
                 quietness
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 was
                 grown
                 very
                 Rich
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 who
                 had
                 now
                 the
                 Power
                 to
                 range
                 over
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 had
                 got
                 together
                 great
                 Booties
                 :
                 Which
                 Plenty
                 and
                 Confluence
                 being
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 ,
                 many
                 sn
                 the
                 opposite
                 Continent
                 ,
                 in
                 hope
                 of
                 Gain
                 ,
                 came
                 slocking
                 out
                 of
                 Syria
                 and
                 Silisia
                 to
                 the
                 Persian
                 Camp.
                 The
                 Army
                 of
                 Phocion
                 and
                 Evagoras
                 being
                 increas'd
                 to
                 double
                 the
                 number
                 ,
                 the
                 Petty
                 Kings
                 were
                 brought
                 into
                 great
                 Straits
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 terrify'd
                 :
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 Condition
                 was
                 Cyprus
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 march'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 from
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 towards
                 Phaenicia
                 :
                 But
                 Mentor
                 ,
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Sidonians
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 heard
                 how
                 great
                 an
                 Army
                 was
                 approaching
                 ,
                 and
                 considering
                 how
                 unequal
                 in
                 number
                 the
                 Rebels
                 were
                 ,
                 he
                 privately
                 consulted
                 his
                 own
                 Safety
                 :
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 he
                 secretly
                 dispatch'd
                 away
                 from
                 Sidon
                 a
                 faithful
                 Servant
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Thessalion
                 ,
                 to
                 Artaxerxes
                 ,
                 promising
                 to
                 betray
                 Sidon
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 effectually
                 assist
                 him
                 in
                 subduing
                 of
                 Egypt
                 ;
                 he
                 being
                 in
                 that
                 respect
                 more
                 especially
                 able
                 to
                 serve
                 him
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 well
                 acquainted
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Places
                 in
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 and
                 knew
                 exactly
                 the
                 most
                 convenient
                 places
                 over
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 was
                 wonderfully
                 pleas'd
                 when
                 he
                 heard
                 what
                 Thessalion
                 said
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 only
                 
                 pardon
                 Mentor
                 for
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 but
                 would
                 bountifully
                 reward
                 him
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 perform'd
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 promis'd
                 .
                 But
                 Thessalion
                 further
                 added
                 ,
                 that
                 Mentor
                 would
                 expect
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 should
                 confirm
                 his
                 Word
                 by
                 giving
                 out
                 his
                 Right
                 Hand
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 so
                 incens'd
                 (
                 as
                 being
                 distrusted
                 )
                 that
                 he
                 gave
                 up
                 Thessalion
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 Officers
                 ,
                 with
                 Command
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 his
                 Head.
                 When
                 he
                 was
                 led
                 to
                 Execution
                 ,
                 he
                 only
                 said
                 thus
                 :
                 
                   Thou
                   ,
                   O
                   King
                   ,
                   dost
                   what
                   thou
                   pleasest
                   ;
                   but
                
                 Mentor
                 ,
                 
                   who
                   is
                   able
                   to
                   accomplish
                   all
                   I
                   have
                   said
                   ,
                   will
                   perform
                   nothing
                   that
                   is
                   promis'd
                   ,
                   because
                   thou
                   refusest
                   to
                   give
                   him
                   Assurance
                   on
                   thy
                   part
                   .
                
                 Upon
                 hearing
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 alter'd
                 his
                 Mind
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 the
                 Officers
                 to
                 discharge
                 the
                 Man
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 he
                 put
                 forth
                 his
                 *
                 Right
                 Hand
                 to
                 the
                 Thessalion
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 most
                 sure
                 and
                 certain
                 Earnest
                 among
                 the
                 Persians
                 of
                 performance
                 of
                 what
                 is
                 promis'd
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 return'd
                 to
                 Sidon
                 ,
                 and
                 secretly
                 imparted
                 to
                 Mentor
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 counting
                 it
                 his
                 greatest
                 Happiness
                 if
                 he
                 could
                 subdue
                 Egypt
                 (
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 attempted
                 in
                 vain
                 )
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 to
                 solicit
                 for
                 some
                 Auxiliary
                 Forces
                 from
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 and
                 Lacedaemonians
                 return'd
                 Answer
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 would
                 continue
                 still
                 Friends
                 to
                 the
                 Persians
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 supply
                 them
                 with
                 Forces
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Thebans
                 commanded
                 a
                 thousand
                 heavy-arm'd
                 Men
                 to
                 be
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Locrates
                 .
                 The
                 Argives
                 likewise
                 furnish'd
                 him
                 with
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ;
                 but
                 sent
                 no
                 Captain
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 expresly
                 by
                 Name
                 appointed
                 Nicostratus
                 to
                 Command
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 were
                 unwilling
                 to
                 contradict
                 him
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 Account
                 ,
                 both
                 as
                 to
                 Councel
                 and
                 Execution
                 ,
                 having
                 both
                 Valour
                 and
                 Prudence
                 assistant
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 of
                 vast
                 Strength
                 of
                 Body
                 ,
                 imitating
                 Hercules
                 in
                 his
                 Arms
                 ,
                 he
                 carry'd
                 both
                 a
                 Club
                 and
                 a
                 Lion's
                 Skin
                 in
                 every
                 Battel
                 .
                 Neither
                 were
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 who
                 inhabited
                 
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 wanting
                 on
                 their
                 parts
                 ,
                 but
                 sent
                 out
                 Six
                 thousand
                 Men
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Auxiliary
                 Forces
                 from
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 amounted
                 to
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 .
                 But
                 before
                 these
                 came
                 up
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 pass'd
                 through
                 Syria
                 ,
                 and
                 enter'd
                 Phaenicia
                 ,
                 and
                 encamp'd
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 Sidon
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 King
                 spent
                 a
                 considerable
                 time
                 in
                 making
                 preparation
                 ,
                 the
                 Sidonians
                 had
                 been
                 very
                 active
                 and
                 diligent
                 in
                 furnishing
                 themselves
                 with
                 Arms
                 and
                 Provisions
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 ,
                 had
                 drawn
                 a
                 treble
                 deep
                 and
                 broad
                 Trench
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 high
                 Wall
                 round
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 They
                 had
                 likewise
                 a
                 brave
                 Body
                 of
                 tall
                 ,
                 handsom
                 and
                 stout
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 well
                 exercis'd
                 and
                 train'd
                 up
                 in
                 martial
                 Discipline
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Schools
                 :
                 And
                 this
                 City
                 went
                 far
                 beyond
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Phaenicia
                 for
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 sumptuous
                 Ornaments
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 State
                 and
                 Grandeur
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 
                 among
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 a
                 hundred
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 of
                 three
                 and
                 five
                 Oars
                 on
                 a
                 Bank.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 *
                 Tennes
                 became
                 a
                 Party
                 with
                 Mentor
                 (
                 who
                 Commanded
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 out
                 of
                 Egypt
                 )
                 in
                 the
                 Treachery
                 ;
                 and
                 left
                 Mentor
                 to
                 keep
                 a
                 certain
                 Quarter
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 help
                 forward
                 the
                 Execution
                 of
                 the
                 Treason
                 ;
                 and
                 himself
                 went
                 out
                 with
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 upon
                 pretence
                 to
                 go
                 to
                 the
                 Common
                 Assembly
                 of
                 the
                 Phaenicians
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 in
                 his
                 Company
                 a
                 Hundred
                 of
                 the
                 Best
                 Quality
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 to
                 be
                 Senators
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 pretended
                 :
                 But
                 these
                 he
                 caus'd
                 to
                 be
                 seiz'd
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 Ariaxerxes
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 came
                 near
                 where
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 ,
                 who
                 receiv'd
                 him
                 as
                 his
                 Friend
                 ,
                 but
                 order'd
                 the
                 Hundred
                 Noblemen
                 ,
                 as
                 Authors
                 of
                 the
                 Rebellion
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 darted
                 to
                 death
                 .
              
               
                 Presently
                 after
                 ,
                 when
                 Five
                 hundred
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 Chiefest
                 of
                 the
                 Sidonians
                 came
                 to
                 him
                 
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Badges
                 of
                 Submission
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 Tennes
                 back
                 ,
                 and
                 ask'd
                 him
                 whether
                 he
                 was
                 able
                 to
                 deliver
                 the
                 City
                 into
                 his
                 Hands
                 (
                 for
                 he
                 earnestly
                 desir'd
                 to
                 possess
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 upon
                 any
                 Terms
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 rather
                 than
                 upon
                 Treaty
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 the
                 utter
                 Ruin
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 might
                 be
                 a
                 Terror
                 unto
                 the
                 rest
                 )
                 when
                 Tennes
                 assur'd
                 him
                 he
                 was
                 able
                 to
                 effect
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 being
                 still
                 implacable
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 all
                 the
                 Five
                 hundred
                 (
                 who
                 carry'd
                 Olive-Branches
                 before
                 them
                 as
                 Suppliants
                 for
                 Mercy
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 Tokens
                 of
                 Submission
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 shot
                 to
                 death
                 with
                 Darts
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 Tennes
                 readily
                 perswades
                 the
                 Egyptian
                 Mercenaries
                 to
                 receive
                 him
                 and
                 the
                 King
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 by
                 this
                 treacherous
                 
                 Contrivance
                 ,
                 Sidon
                 came
                 again
                 into
                 the
                 Hauds
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 King
                 judging
                 that
                 Tennes
                 could
                 do
                 him
                 no
                 further
                 Service
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 his
                 Throat
                 to
                 be
                 cut
                 likewise
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Sidonians
                 had
                 burnt
                 all
                 their
                 Shipping
                 before
                 the
                 King
                 came
                 ,
                 lest
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 consulting
                 their
                 own
                 particular
                 Safety
                 ,
                 should
                 get
                 away
                 by
                 Sea.
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Sidonians
                 saw
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 entred
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 Thousands
                 of
                 Men
                 ranging
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 dispers'd
                 all
                 over
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 they
                 shut
                 themselves
                 up
                 with
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 in
                 their
                 Houses
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 them
                 on
                 fire
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 all
                 consum'd
                 together
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 there
                 were
                 above
                 Forty
                 thousand
                 (
                 with
                 Houshold-Servants
                 )
                 that
                 perish'd
                 in
                 these
                 Flames
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 Destruction
                 of
                 the
                 Sidonians
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 and
                 Inhabitants
                 were
                 consum'd
                 to
                 Ashes
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 sold
                 the
                 Rubbish
                 and
                 Relicts
                 of
                 the
                 Fire
                 for
                 many
                 Talents
                 :
                 For
                 being
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 very
                 Rich
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 found
                 a
                 vast
                 Quantity
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 melted
                 down
                 by
                 the
                 Flames
                 .
                 Thus
                 sad
                 was
                 the
                 Calamity
                 under
                 which
                 the
                 Sidonians
                 suffer'd
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 being
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 this
                 Destruction
                 ,
                 Presently
                 surrender'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 A
                 little
                 before
                 this
                 ,
                 Artemesia
                 the
                 Princess
                 of
                 Caria
                 died
                 ,
                 having
                 
                 govern'd
                 Two
                 Years
                 :
                 Idreius
                 her
                 Brother
                 succeeded
                 in
                 the
                 Principality
                 ,
                 and
                 reign'd
                 Seven
                 Years
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Italy
                 the
                 Romans
                 made
                 a
                 Truce
                 with
                 the
                 Prenestines
                 ,
                 and
                 entred
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Samnites
                 ;
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 Two
                 hundred
                 and
                 sixty
                 in
                 the
                 Forum
                 ,
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Tarquins
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 
                   Sicily
                   Leptines
                
                 and
                 Callipus
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Army
                 ,
                 besieg'd
                 Rhegium
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 still
                 held
                 by
                 a
                 Garison
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 the
                 Younger
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 forc'd
                 out
                 the
                 Garison
                 ,
                 they
                 restor'd
                 the
                 Rhegians
                 to
                 their
                 *
                 own
                 ancient
                 Government
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 IX
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Evagoras
                   beheaded
                   in
                   
                     Cyprus
                     .
                     Artaxerxes
                  
                   marches
                   against
                   Aegypt
                   ,
                   and
                   gains
                   all
                   Aegypt
                   by
                   the
                   Policy
                   of
                   Mentor
                   .
                   Lost
                   many
                   of
                   his
                   Men
                   at
                   the
                   Lake
                   of
                   
                     Sorbon
                     .
                     Mentor
                  
                   advanc'd
                   
                   Mentor's
                   Stratagem
                   to
                   subdue
                   Hemias
                   ,
                   Prince
                   of
                   
                     Aterne
                     .
                     Zena
                  
                   raz'd
                   by
                   Philip.
                   The
                   King
                   of
                   Aegypt
                   Abdicates
                   his
                   Kingdom
                   ,
                   and
                   flies
                   to
                   Aethiopia
                   .
                
              
               
                 AFterward
                 ,
                 ,
                 Apollodorus
                 being
                 Chief
                 Magistrate
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Valerius
                
                 and
                 
                 
                   Caius
                   Sulpitius
                
                 ,
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Cyprus
                 surrender'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 excepting
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 then
                 besieg'd
                 by
                 Evagoras
                 and
                 Phocian
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 Protogoras
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 stoutly
                 defended
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Evagoras
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 regain
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 and
                 contriv'd
                 to
                 be
                 restor'd
                 to
                 his
                 Ancient
                 Right
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 King.
                 But
                 being
                 
                 afterwards
                 accus'd
                 before
                 Artaxerxes
                 (
                 who
                 thereupon
                 reliev'd
                 Protogoras
                 )
                 he
                 laid
                 aside
                 all
                 hopes
                 of
                 being
                 restor'd
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 afterwards
                 clear'd
                 himself
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 was
                 laid
                 to
                 his
                 Charge
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 intrusted
                 with
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 a
                 larger
                 Province
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 so
                 misgovern'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fly
                 again
                 into
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 where
                 being
                 seiz'd
                 he
                 had
                 his
                 Head
                 struck
                 off
                 .
                 But
                 Protogoras
                 voluntarily
                 submitting
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 Persian
                 King
                 ,
                 
                 kept
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Salamis
                 without
                 any
                 Rival
                 for
                 the
                 time
                 to
                 come
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
                 Sidon
                 ,
                 being
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 
                 Forces
                 that
                 came
                 from
                 
                   Argos
                   ,
                   Thebes
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 ancient
                 Cities
                 ,
                 march'd
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 against
                 Aegypt
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 *
                 Great
                 Lough
                 or
                 Lake
                 ,
                 through
                 ignorance
                 of
                 the
                 Places
                 ,
                 he
                 lost
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 in
                 the
                 Boggs
                 there
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Barrathra
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 regard
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 in
                 the
                 First
                 Book
                 ,
                 spoken
                 of
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 this
                 Lake
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 strange
                 Things
                 there
                 happening
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 forbear
                 to
                 repeat
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 pass'd
                 these
                 Gulphs
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Pelusium
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 enters
                 into
                 the
                 Sea.
                 Here
                 the
                 Graecians
                 lay
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Persians
                 Encamp'd
                 forty
                 Furlongs
                 off
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 while
                 ,
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 (
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Persians
                 had
                 given
                 them
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 to
                 prepare
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 )
                 had
                 made
                 strong
                 Defences
                 and
                 Fortifications
                 at
                 all
                 the
                 Mouths
                 of
                 Nile
                 ,
                 especially
                 at
                 Pelusium
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 First
                 and
                 most
                 conveniently
                 situated
                 ;
                 where
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Men
                 were
                 in
                 Garison
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Philophoron
                 .
                 The
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 above
                 all
                 the
                 Graecians
                 ,
                 had
                 a
                 Desire
                 to
                 evidence
                 their
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 they
                 first
                 of
                 all
                 valiantly
                 attempted
                 to
                 force
                 the
                 Trench
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 both
                 Straight
                 and
                 Deep
                 ,
                 and
                 carried
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 had
                 gain'd
                 it
                 ,
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Garison
                 made
                 a
                 Sally
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 sharp
                 Engagement
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 as
                 the
                 Dispute
                 was
                 very
                 hot
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 and
                 continu'd
                 all
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 the
                 Night
                 scarcely
                 putting
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 Contest
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 the
                 King
                 divided
                 the
                 Greeks
                 into
                 three
                 Brigades
                 ;
                 every
                 one
                 had
                 a
                 Greek
                 
                 Commander
                 ,
                 with
                 whom
                 was
                 join'd
                 a
                 Persian
                 Officer
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 was
                 most
                 esteem'd
                 for
                 Valour
                 and
                 Loyalty
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 First
                 Brigade
                 was
                 of
                 the
                 Baeotians
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Lacrates
                 ,
                 a
                 Theban
                 ,
                 and
                 Rosaces
                 ,
                 a
                 Persian
                 .
                 This
                 Rosaces
                 was
                 descended
                 from
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 seven
                 Persians
                 who
                 depos'd
                 the
                 Magi
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 Governor
                 of
                 Ionia
                 and
                 Lydia
                 ;
                 He
                 led
                 a
                 great
                 Body
                 both
                 of
                 Horse
                 and
                 Foot
                 ,
                 all
                 of
                 Barbarians
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Second
                 Brigade
                 was
                 of
                 the
                 Argives
                 ,
                 Commanded
                 by
                 Nicostratus
                 ,
                 with
                 whom
                 was
                 Aristazanes
                 ,
                 a
                 Persian
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 employ'd
                 as
                 an
                 Envoy
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 King
                 's
                 special
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 next
                 to
                 Bagoas
                 ,
                 the
                 Trustiest
                 and
                 Chiefest
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 :
                 He
                 had
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 Fourscore
                 Galleys
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Third
                 Brigade
                 was
                 led
                 by
                 Mentor
                 ,
                 he
                 who
                 betray'd
                 Sidon
                 ,
                 who
                 formerly
                 commanded
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 :
                 His
                 Collegue
                 was
                 Bagoas
                 ,
                 a
                 bold
                 Fellow
                 ,
                 and
                 none
                 more
                 ready
                 in
                 of
                 executing
                 any
                 Villany
                 ,
                 in
                 whom
                 the
                 King
                 put
                 great
                 Confidence
                 .
                 He
                 commanded
                 the
                 Greeks
                 that
                 were
                 the
                 King's
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 Body
                 of
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 besides
                 a
                 considerable
                 Navy
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 kept
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 with
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 very
                 careful
                 in
                 Managing
                 and
                 Overseeing
                 the
                 whole
                 Concern
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 thus
                 divided
                 ,
                 Nectabanus
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 he
                 
                 was
                 far
                 short
                 in
                 Number
                 )
                 neither
                 valu'd
                 the
                 Multitude
                 ,
                 nor
                 the
                 Division
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Troops
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 in
                 his
                 Army
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Graecian
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 as
                 many
                 Africans
                 ,
                 and
                 Threescore
                 thousand
                 Aegyptians
                 ,
                 by
                 them
                 call'd
                 Warriors
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 these
                 ,
                 
                 was
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 an
                 incredible
                 Number
                 of
                 River-Boats
                 ,
                 fitted
                 to
                 fight
                 in
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 defended
                 that
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 towards
                 Arabia
                 ,
                 with
                 many
                 Castles
                 and
                 Garisons
                 ,
                 exactly
                 fortify'd
                 with
                 Trenches
                 and
                 Strong
                 Walls
                 ;
                 and
                 was
                 prepar'd
                 with
                 Plenty
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 War.
                 But
                 through
                 Imprudence
                 and
                 want
                 of
                 good
                 Advice
                 he
                 lost
                 all
                 .
                 The
                 chief
                 Cause
                 of
                 the
                 Miscarriage
                 was
                 his
                 Ignorance
                 how
                 to
                 manage
                 Warlike
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 security
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 beaten
                 the
                 
                 Persians
                 ;
                 for
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 of
                 his
                 Success
                 ,
                 having
                 had
                 most
                 expert
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 Diaphantus
                 the
                 Athenian
                 ,
                 and
                 Lanius
                 the
                 Spartan
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 both
                 Valiant
                 and
                 Experienc'd
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 all
                 things
                 succeeded
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Heart's
                 desire
                 .
                 But
                 being
                 now
                 conceited
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Sufficiency
                 and
                 Ability
                 ,
                 to
                 Command
                 and
                 Order
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 admit
                 of
                 no
                 other
                 Assistant
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 through
                 want
                 of
                 Skill
                 and
                 Experience
                 ,
                 nothing
                 was
                 manag'd
                 to
                 advantage
                 ,
                 as
                 became
                 an
                 Expert-Commander
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 therefore
                 strongly
                 Garison'd
                 the
                 Towns
                 ,
                 he
                 himself
                 ,
                 with
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 Aegyptians
                 ,
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Graecians
                 ,
                 and
                 half
                 of
                 the
                 Lybians
                 ,
                 kept
                 the
                 Passages
                 which
                 lay
                 most
                 open
                 and
                 easie
                 to
                 Invasions
                 .
              
               
                 Things
                 thus
                 ordered
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 Nicostratus
                 ,
                 who
                 Commanded
                 the
                 Argives
                 (
                 having
                 got
                 some
                 Aegyptian
                 Guides
                 ,
                 (
                 whose
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 the
                 Persians
                 kept
                 as
                 Hostages
                 )
                 through
                 a
                 certain
                 Cut
                 or
                 Ditch
                 ,
                 pass'd
                 over
                 with
                 his
                 Fleet
                 to
                 a
                 Place
                 as
                 far
                 out
                 of
                 fight
                 as
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 landed
                 his
                 Men
                 there
                 ,
                 Encamp'd
                 .
                 Those
                 who
                 kept
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Aegyptian
                 Garisons
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 know
                 where
                 the
                 Enemy
                 were
                 thus
                 Encamp'd
                 ,
                 speedily
                 made
                 out
                 against
                 them
                 with
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Seven
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 under
                 
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Cleinius
                 of
                 the
                 Isle
                 of
                 Coos
                 ,
                 who
                 drew
                 up
                 his
                 Men
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 fight
                 them
                 :
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 those
                 lately
                 Landed
                 ,
                 likewise
                 put
                 themselves
                 into
                 a
                 Posture
                 of
                 Defence
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 was
                 a
                 sharp
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Grecians
                 on
                 the
                 Persians
                 side
                 so
                 gallantly
                 behav'd
                 themselves
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 kill'd
                 Cleinius
                 the
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 Five
                 thousand
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 hearing
                 of
                 this
                 Defeat
                 ,
                 Nectabanus
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 terrible
                 Fright
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 believ'd
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Troops
                 would
                 easily
                 pass
                 over
                 the
                 River
                 .
                 Being
                 therefore
                 afraid
                 lest
                 the
                 Enemy
                 would
                 bend
                 all
                 his
                 force
                 against
                 Memphis
                 the
                 Seat-Royal
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 his
                 chief
                 Care
                 and
                 Concern
                 to
                 secure
                 this
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 march'd
                 away
                 with
                 the
                 Army
                 he
                 had
                 to
                 Memphis
                 ,
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 Besieging
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Lacrates
                 ,
                 the
                 Theban
                 ,
                 the
                 Commander
                 of
                 the
                 First
                 Brigade
                 ,
                 pushes
                 on
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Pelusium
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 drain'd
                 the
                 Water
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Trench
                 ,
                 and
                 turn'd
                 it
                 another
                 way
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 a
                 Mount
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 plac'd
                 his
                 Engines
                 of
                 Battery
                 against
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 after
                 a
                 great
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 were
                 batter'd
                 down
                 ,
                 the
                 Pelusians
                 rais'd
                 up
                 others
                 in
                 their
                 stead
                 ,
                 and
                 speedily
                 made
                 high
                 Wooden
                 Towers
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 Conflicts
                 upon
                 the
                 Walls
                 continu'd
                 for
                 some
                 days
                 ,
                 during
                 which
                 time
                 the
                 Graecians
                 that
                 defended
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 stoutly
                 oppos'd
                 the
                 Assailants
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 heard
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 departure
                 to
                 Memphis
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 afrighted
                 that
                 they
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 to
                 Treat
                 upon
                 Terms
                 of
                 Surrender
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 Lacrates
                 agreeing
                 with
                 them
                 upon
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Tye
                 of
                 an
                 Oath
                 ,
                 That
                 upon
                 delivery
                 up
                 of
                 Pelusium
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 return
                 to
                 Greece
                 
                 with
                 whatever
                 they
                 brought
                 with
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 they
                 surrender'd
                 the
                 Place
                 .
                 Then
                 Artaxerxes
                 sent
                 Bagoas
                 with
                 a
                 Garison
                 of
                 Persians
                 to
                 take
                 Possession
                 of
                 Pelusium
                 ,
                 whose
                 Soldiers
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 enter'd
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 took
                 away
                 from
                 the
                 Grecians
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 going
                 out
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 those
                 things
                 that
                 they
                 brought
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Being
                 thus
                 abus'd
                 they
                 took
                 it
                 hainously
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 great
                 Complaints
                 call'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 as
                 Witnesses
                 and
                 Revengers
                 of
                 Perjury
                 and
                 Breach
                 of
                 Faith.
                 
              
               
                 Lacrates
                 being
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 to
                 just
                 Indignation
                 by
                 this
                 base
                 Dealing
                 ,
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 protected
                 the
                 Greeks
                 thus
                 injur'd
                 ,
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 Agreement
                 confirm'd
                 by
                 Oath
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 Bagoas
                 ,
                 who
                 fled
                 amongst
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 accus'd
                 Lacrates
                 ,
                 for
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 King
                 adjudg'd
                 ,
                 that
                 Bagoas
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 dealt
                 with
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 desert
                 ,
                 and
                 punish'd
                 those
                 Persians
                 that
                 were
                 Authors
                 of
                 the
                 Rapine
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 came
                 Pelusium
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Mentor
                 ,
                 Commander
                 of
                 the
                 Third
                 Brigade
                 ,
                 recover'd
                 Bubastus
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Cities
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Obedience
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 King
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Stratagem
                 .
                 For
                 whereas
                 all
                 these
                 Cities
                 were
                 Garison'd
                 by
                 two
                 sorts
                 of
                 People
                 ,
                 Grecians
                 and
                 
                   Aegyptians
                   ,
                   Mentor
                
                 caus'd
                 a
                 
                 Report
                 to
                 be
                 spread
                 abroad
                 ,
                 That
                 Artaxerxes
                 would
                 receive
                 all
                 those
                 most
                 graciously
                 ,
                 and
                 pardon
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 should
                 give
                 up
                 their
                 Cities
                 into
                 the
                 King's
                 
                 Hands
                 ;
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 Hand
                 ,
                 That
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 take
                 by
                 force
                 ,
                 should
                 fare
                 no
                 better
                 than
                 Sidon
                 .
                 He
                 commanded
                 also
                 ,
                 That
                 all
                 the
                 *
                 Gates
                 should
                 be
                 open'd
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 all
                 that
                 would
                 should
                 be
                 permitted
                 to
                 go
                 away
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Aegyptian
                 Captives
                 
                 in
                 the
                 Camp
                 being
                 gone
                 without
                 any
                 Opposition
                 ,
                 the
                 Report
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 spread
                 abroad
                 through
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 all
                 the
                 Towns
                 were
                 presently
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Seditions
                 through
                 Quarrels
                 ,
                 and
                 Dissentions
                 between
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 and
                 the
                 Foreign
                 Auxiliaries
                 .
                 For
                 all
                 Parties
                 strove
                 who
                 should
                 be
                 most
                 Active
                 and
                 Forward
                 in
                 betraying
                 their
                 several
                 Garisons
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 aiming
                 at
                 his
                 own
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 by
                 an
                 Interest
                 in
                 the
                 favour
                 of
                 the
                 Conqueror
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 began
                 was
                 Bubastus
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 Mentor
                 and
                 Bagoas
                 Encamp'd
                 before
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 ,
                 unknown
                 to
                 the
                 Graecians
                 ,
                 promis'd
                 to
                 Bagoas
                 (
                 by
                 one
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 sent
                 to
                 him
                 )
                 to
                 Surrender
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 all
                 Pardon'd
                 .
                 This
                 being
                 smelt
                 out
                 by
                 the
                 Greeks
                 they
                 pursu'd
                 and
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 him
                 that
                 was
                 sent
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Threatning
                 and
                 Affrighting
                 him
                 got
                 out
                 the
                 whole
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Thing
                 in
                 truth
                 was
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 being
                 highly
                 enrag'd
                 ,
                 they
                 fell
                 violently
                 upon
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 some
                 ,
                 wounded
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 drove
                 the
                 rest
                 into
                 a
                 narrow
                 Corner
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 They
                 that
                 were
                 thus
                 assaulted
                 ,
                 gave
                 intelligence
                 to
                 Bagoas
                 of
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 and
                 intreated
                 him
                 ,
                 tha●
                 without
                 delay
                 he
                 would
                 take
                 Possession
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 should
                 be
                 by
                 them
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 upon
                 his
                 approach
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Graecians
                 sent
                 an
                 Herald
                 to
                 Mentor
                 ,
                 who
                 secretly
                 advis'd
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 Bagoas
                 had
                 entred
                 the
                 Town
                 .
                 Bagoas
                 therefore
                 being
                 entred
                 with
                 his
                 Persians
                 ,
                 but
                 without
                 the
                 Consent
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 let
                 in
                 ,
                 the
                 Graecians
                 presently
                 shut
                 up
                 the
                 Gates
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 on
                 
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 'em
                 every
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Bagcas
                 himself
                 Prisoner
                 ,
                 who
                 coming
                 to
                 understand
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 means
                 left
                 for
                 his
                 Deliverance
                 but
                 by
                 Mentor
                 ,
                 he
                 earnestly
                 intreated
                 him
                 to
                 interpose
                 for
                 his
                 Preservation
                 ,
                 promising
                 that
                 for
                 the
                 Future
                 he
                 would
                 never
                 undertake
                 any
                 thing
                 without
                 his
                 Advice
                 .
                 Mentor
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 the
                 Graecians
                 to
                 Discharge
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Surrender
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Success
                 and
                 Glory
                 of
                 the
                 Action
                 was
                 attributed
                 to
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 Bagoas
                 being
                 thus
                 freed
                 by
                 his
                 means
                 ,
                 entred
                 into
                 a
                 Solemn
                 Covenant
                 of
                 Friendship
                 upon
                 Oath
                 with
                 Mentor
                 ,
                 and
                 faithfully
                 kept
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Time
                 of
                 his
                 Death
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 these
                 
                 two
                 always
                 concurring
                 and
                 agreeing
                 ,
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 more
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 than
                 all
                 his
                 other
                 Friends
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 of
                 his
                 Kindred
                 .
                 For
                 Mentor
                 being
                 made
                 
                 Artaxerxes's
                 Lord-Lieutenant
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Asiatick
                 Shore
                 ,
                 was
                 greatly
                 Serviceable
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 by
                 procuring
                 Soldeers
                 out
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 Faithful
                 and
                 Diligent
                 Administration
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 .
              
               
                 Bagoas
                 commanding
                 all
                 as
                 Viceroy
                 in
                 the
                 higher
                 Parts
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 grew
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 of
                 Power
                 through
                 his
                 Consultation
                 with
                 Mentor
                 ,
                 upon
                 all
                 Occasions
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 at
                 Command
                 ,
                 neither
                 did
                 Artaxerxes
                 any
                 thing
                 without
                 his
                 Consent
                 .
                 And
                 after
                 the
                 King's
                 Death
                 his
                 Power
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Successors
                 were
                 ever
                 Nominated
                 and
                 Appointed
                 by
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 were
                 so
                 wholly
                 manag'd
                 by
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 wanted
                 nothing
                 but
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 a
                 King.
                 But
                 we
                 shall
                 speak
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 in
                 their
                 proper
                 Place
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Surrender
                 of
                 Bubastus
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 submitted
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 
                 up
                 themselves
                 upon
                 Articles
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 while
                 ,
                 Nectabanus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 now
                 at
                 Memphis
                 ,
                 seeing
                 the
                 swift
                 Motions
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 durst
                 not
                 venture
                 a
                 Battel
                 in
                 defence
                 of
                 his
                 Sovereignty
                 ,
                 but
                 abdicating
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 pack'd
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 and
                 fled
                 into
                 Aethiopia
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 Artaxerxes
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 all
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 and
                 demolished
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 especially
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 the
                 Greatest
                 and
                 of
                 most
                 account
                 ;
                 and
                 heap'd
                 together
                 an
                 infinite
                 Mass
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ,
                 by
                 spoiling
                 of
                 the
                 Temples
                 :
                 He
                 carry'd
                 away
                 likewise
                 all
                 the
                 Records
                 and
                 Writings
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 ancient
                 Temples
                 ;
                 Which
                 Bagoas
                 a
                 while
                 after
                 suffer'd
                 the
                 Priests
                 to
                 redeem
                 for
                 a
                 great
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 sent
                 home
                 the
                 Greek
                 Auxiliaries
                 with
                 ample
                 Rewards
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Deserts
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 Services
                 ;
                 and
                 intrusting
                 Pherendatus
                 with
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 loaden
                 with
                 Spoil
                 ,
                 triumphing
                 in
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 his
                 Victory
                 to
                 Babylon
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 Callimachus
                 was
                 Lord-Chancellor
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Fabius
                
                 and
                 
                 
                   Publius
                   Valerius
                
                 were
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 Artaxerxes
                 advanc'd
                 Mentor
                 for
                 the
                 good
                 Services
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 him
                 ,
                 especially
                 in
                 the
                 Aegyptian
                 War
                 ,
                 above
                 all
                 his
                 Ariends
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 put
                 a
                 Mark
                 upon
                 his
                 Valour
                 by
                 a
                 Reward
                 more
                 than
                 ordinary
                 ,
                 he
                 bestow'd
                 upon
                 him
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Talents
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 and
                 rich
                 Furniture
                 for
                 his
                 House
                 .
                 He
                 made
                 him
                 likewise
                 Prefact
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Asiatick
                 Shore
                 ,
                 and
                 General
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 with
                 absolute
                 Power
                 to
                 suppress
                 all
                 Rebellions
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 .
              
               
                 Mentor
                 being
                 in
                 near
                 Alliance
                 and
                 Kindred
                 with
                 Actabazus
                 and
                 Memnon
                 (
                 who
                 had
                 not
                 long
                 before
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 now
                 fled
                 ●at
                 of
                 Asia
                 to
                 Philip
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 )
                 by
                 his
                 Interest
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 procur'd
                 their
                 Pardon
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 sent
                 for
                 them
                 
                 both
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Families
                 :
                 For
                 Artabazus
                 had
                 by
                 Mentor
                 and
                 
                 Memnon's
                 Sister
                 ,
                 Eleven
                 Sons
                 and
                 Ten
                 Daughters
                 ;
                 with
                 which
                 numerous
                 Progeny
                 Mentor
                 was
                 
                 greatly
                 delighted
                 ,
                 and
                 advanc'd
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 as
                 they
                 grew
                 up
                 ,
                 to
                 high
                 Places
                 of
                 Command
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 first
                 Expedition
                 which
                 Mentor
                 made
                 was
                 against
                 Hennias
                 ,
                 Prince
                 or
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 *
                 Atarne
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 rebell'd
                 against
                 Artaxerxes
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 possess'd
                 of
                 many
                 strong
                 Cities
                 and
                 
                 Castles
                 ;
                 upon
                 promise
                 made
                 him
                 to
                 procure
                 the
                 King's
                 Pardon
                 he
                 brought
                 him
                 to
                 a
                 Parley
                 ;
                 and
                 upon
                 that
                 occasion
                 having
                 surpris'd
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 clapt
                 him
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 possessing
                 himself
                 of
                 his
                 Seal-Ring
                 ,
                 he
                 writ
                 Letters
                 in
                 his
                 Name
                 to
                 the
                 several
                 Cities
                 ,
                 signifying
                 that
                 through
                 Mentor
                 he
                 was
                 restor'd
                 to
                 the
                 King's
                 Favour
                 ;
                 and
                 sent
                 away
                 likewise
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 carry'd
                 the
                 Letters
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 should
                 take
                 Possession
                 for
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Forts
                 and
                 Castles
                 .
                 The
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 giving
                 credit
                 to
                 the
                 Letters
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 likewise
                 very
                 desirous
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 Towns
                 and
                 Forts
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 in
                 every
                 place
                 through
                 the
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 the
                 Revolted
                 Cities
                 being
                 gain'd
                 by
                 this
                 Trick
                 of
                 Mentor
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Hazard
                 or
                 Fatigue
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 highly
                 pleas'd
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 acted
                 the
                 Part
                 of
                 a
                 Brave
                 and
                 Prudent
                 General
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 with
                 no
                 less
                 success
                 ,
                 partly
                 by
                 Policy
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 he
                 reduc'd
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 the
                 other
                 Captains
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 Rebellion
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 stood
                 Affairs
                 in
                 Asia
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 
                   Europe
                   ,
                   Philip
                
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Macedon
                 ,
                 made
                 an
                 Expedition
                 against
                 the
                 *
                 Calcidean
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Zeira
                 ,
                 and
                 raz'd
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 other
                 Towns
                 (
                 out
                 of
                 Fear
                 )
                 
                 likewise
                 to
                 submit
                 .
                 He
                 set
                 again
                 likewise
                 upon
                 Phaeca
                 ,
                 and
                 threw
                 out
                 its
                 Prince
                 Pitholaus
                 .
                 About
                 that
                 time
                 Sparticus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Pontus
                 ,
                 dy'd
                 ,
                 having
                 reign'd
                 Five
                 Years
                 .
                 Parysades
                 his
                 Brother
                 suceeded
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 govern'd
                 Eight
                 and
                 Thirty
                 years
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 X.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Philip
                   takes
                   Olynthus
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Cities
                   in
                   the
                   Hellespont
                   .
                   The
                   Athenians
                   jealous
                   of
                   Philip
                   ,
                   and
                   instigated
                   by
                   Demosthenes
                   .
                   Philip's
                   Policies
                   .
                   The
                   Value
                   of
                   the
                   Riches
                   taken
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Temple
                   at
                   
                     Delphos
                     .
                     Dionysius
                  
                   sent
                   Presents
                   to
                   Delphos
                   ,
                   which
                   were
                   taken
                   by
                   the
                   Athenians
                   .
                   His
                   Letter
                   to
                   the
                   Athenians
                   .
                   The
                   Temple
                   burnt
                   .
                   The
                   End
                   of
                   the
                   Phocian
                   War.
                   The
                   Punishments
                   decreed
                   by
                   the
                   Amphictyons
                   against
                   the
                   Phocians
                   .
                   The
                   Miseries
                   of
                   the
                   Sacrilegers
                   .
                   Timoleon
                   sent
                   to
                   Syracuse
                   .
                
              
               
                 AFter
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 ,
                 Theophilus
                 rul'd
                 as
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Sulpitius
                
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Quintius
                
                 executed
                 the
                 Consular-Dignity
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 was
                 celebrated
                 
                 the
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Eighth
                 Olmypiad
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Polycles
                 of
                 Cyrene
                 bore
                 away
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 Victory
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Philip
                 made
                 an
                 Expedition
                 against
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 Micaberna
                 and
                 Torone
                 were
                 betray'd
                 into
                 his
                 hands
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 made
                 against
                 Olynthus
                 (
                 the
                 greatest
                 City
                 of
                 those
                 Parts
                 )
                 with
                 a
                 very
                 numerous
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 first
                 routed
                 the
                 Olynthians
                 in
                 two
                 Battels
                 ,
                 he
                 laid
                 Siege
                 to
                 the
                 Town
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 made
                 many
                 Assaults
                 ,
                 and
                 lost
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 in
                 their
                 approaches
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 by
                 bribing
                 Euthycrates
                 and
                 Lasthenes
                 ,
                 the
                 Chief
                 Magistrates
                 of
                 Olynthus
                 ,
                 he
                 entred
                 the
                 City
                 by
                 Treachery
                 ,
                 and
                 Plunder'd
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 Sold
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 for
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 and
                 expos'd
                 
                 to
                 sale
                 all
                 the
                 Prey
                 and
                 Plunder
                 under
                 the
                 Spear
                 .
                 Whereby
                 he
                 furnished
                 himself
                 with
                 abundance
                 of
                 Money
                 for
                 the
                 carrying
                 on
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 into
                 a
                 terrible
                 Fright
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 he
                 bountifully
                 rewarded
                 such
                 as
                 had
                 behav'd
                 themselves
                 with
                 Courage
                 and
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 exacted
                 vast
                 Sums
                 of
                 Money
                 from
                 the
                 Richest
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 round
                 about
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 it
                 to
                 corrupt
                 many
                 to
                 betray
                 their
                 Country
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 himself
                 often
                 boasted
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 enlarg'd
                 his
                 Dominion
                 more
                 by
                 his
                 Gold
                 than
                 by
                 his
                 Sword.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 being
                 jealous
                 of
                 the
                 growing
                 Greatness
                 of
                 Philip
                 ,
                 ever
                 after
                 sent
                 Aid
                 to
                 them
                 whom
                 he
                 invaded
                 by
                 his
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 dispatch'd
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 all
                 
                 the
                 Cities
                 to
                 look
                 to
                 their
                 Liberties
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 such
                 of
                 their
                 Citizens
                 as
                 should
                 be
                 discover'd
                 to
                 go
                 about
                 to
                 betray
                 them
                 ,
                 promising
                 withal
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 upon
                 all
                 Occasions
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 they
                 proclaim'd
                 open
                 War
                 against
                 Philip.
                 
              
               
               
                 Demosthenes
                 the
                 Orator
                 (
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 the
                 most
                 Eminent
                 in
                 Politicks
                 and
                 Eloquence
                 of
                 
                 all
                 the
                 Grecians
                 )
                 was
                 the
                 chief
                 Instrument
                 that
                 incited
                 the
                 Athenians
                 to
                 take
                 upon
                 them
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 City
                 could
                 not
                 cure
                 that
                 itch
                 of
                 Treason
                 that
                 infected
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ;
                 such
                 a
                 shoal
                 of
                 Traitors
                 there
                 was
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 all
                 over
                 Greece
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 it
                 is
                 reported
                 ,
                 that
                 Philip
                 having
                 an
                 earnest
                 desire
                 to
                 gain
                 that
                 once
                 strong
                 and
                 eminent
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 telling
                 him
                 it
                 could
                 never
                 be
                 taken
                 by
                 Force
                 ;
                 he
                 ask'd
                 him
                 whether
                 it
                 were
                 not
                 possible
                 that
                 Gold
                 might
                 mount
                 the
                 Walls
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 had
                 learn'd
                 by
                 Experience
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 that
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 subdu'd
                 by
                 Force
                 ,
                 were
                 easily
                 overcome
                 by
                 Gold.
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 he
                 had
                 by
                 his
                 Bribes
                 procur'd
                 Traitors
                 in
                 every
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 
                 such
                 as
                 would
                 receive
                 Money
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 his
                 Friends
                 and
                 Guests
                 :
                 And
                 thus
                 with
                 Evil
                 Communication
                 he
                 corrupted
                 Men's
                 Manners
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 Clynthus
                 ,
                 he
                 celebrated
                 
                   Olympick
                   Games
                
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 in
                 Commemoration
                 of
                 his
                 Victory
                 ,
                 and
                 offer'd
                 most
                 splendid
                 Sacrifices
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 regard
                 there
                 were
                 a
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 People
                 got
                 together
                 ,
                 he
                 set
                 forth
                 specious
                 Sports
                 and
                 recreating
                 Plays
                 ,
                 and
                 invited
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Strangers
                 to
                 his
                 Feasts
                 :
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 his
                 Cups
                 would
                 talk
                 courteously
                 and
                 familiarly
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 drink
                 to
                 many
                 ,
                 and
                 reach
                 over
                 the
                 Cup
                 to
                 them
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Hands
                 .
                 To
                 many
                 he
                 gave
                 rich
                 Gifts
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 large
                 and
                 liberal
                 Promises
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 his
                 Kindness
                 and
                 Generosity
                 might
                 be
                 bruited
                 abroad
                 by
                 them
                 that
                 had
                 had
                 the
                 Experience
                 .
                 During
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 his
                 Feasting
                 ,
                 observing
                 Satyrus
                 the
                 *
                 Stage-player
                 to
                 look
                 four
                 and
                 knit
                 his
                 Brows
                 ,
                 he
                 ask'd
                 him
                 ,
                 why
                 heonly
                 would
                 not
                 accept
                 of
                 the
                 Fruits
                 of
                 his
                 Bounty
                 and
                 Generosity
                 ?
                 To
                 which
                 he
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 would
                 very
                 willingly
                 receive
                 a
                 certain
                 Gift
                 from
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 was
                 afraid
                 if
                 he
                 should
                 ask
                 it
                 openly
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 deny
                 him
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 fell
                 a
                 laughing
                 ,
                 and
                 bid
                 him
                 ask
                 what
                 he
                 would
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 would
                 freely
                 bestow
                 it
                 upon
                 him
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 he
                 desir'd
                 that
                 two
                 young
                 Maids
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 flower
                 of
                 their
                 Age
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughters
                 of
                 one
                 that
                 was
                 his
                 Host
                 might
                 be
                 given
                 to
                 him
                 from
                 among
                 the
                 Captives
                 ,
                 whose
                 Liberties
                 he
                 crav'd
                 not
                 to
                 make
                 any
                 Gain
                 or
                 Advantage
                 of
                 them
                 himself
                 ,
                 but
                 really
                 to
                 give
                 them
                 Portions
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Estate
                 ,
                 and
                 procure
                 them
                 Husbands
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 to
                 prevent
                 their
                 being
                 injur'd
                 by
                 any
                 unworthy
                 Attempt
                 .
                 Whose
                 Request
                 the
                 King
                 so
                 approv'd
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 forthwith
                 order'd
                 the
                 Virgins
                 to
                 be
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 Satyrus
                 without
                 Ransom
                 ,
                 but
                 bestow'd
                 upon
                 him
                 likewise
                 many
                 other
                 rich
                 Gifts
                 and
                 Presents
                 ,
                 as
                 special
                 Marks
                 of
                 his
                 Favour
                 and
                 Bounty
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 many
                 ,
                 excited
                 with
                 the
                 Hopes
                 of
                 Reward
                 ,
                 strove
                 which
                 should
                 serve
                 Philip
                 most
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 should
                 betray
                 their
                 Country
                 into
                 his
                 Hands
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 next
                 Year
                 Themistocles
                 was
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Cornelius
                
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Popilius
                
                 
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 over-ran
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Phocians
                 with
                 Depredations
                 ,
                 and
                 beat
                 the
                 Enemy
                 at
                 Hyampolis
                 ,
                 killing
                 about
                 Seventy
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 engaging
                 with
                 the
                 Phocians
                 in
                 another
                 Battel
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 routed
                 at
                 Coro●ea
                 ,
                 and
                 lost
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Men.
                 And
                 whereas
                 the
                 Phocians
                 were
                 possess'd
                 of
                 some
                 small
                 Towns
                 in
                 Boeotia
                 ,
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 made
                 an
                 Inroad
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 shamefully
                 spoil'd
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 all
                 their
                 standing
                 Corn
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 their
                 Return
                 were
                 beaten
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 acting
                 ,
                 Phalecus
                 the
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 being
                 convicted
                 
                 of
                 Sacrilege
                 ,
                 in
                 converting
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Treasure
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 use
                 ,
                 was
                 depriv'd
                 of
                 his
                 Commission
                 ;
                 and
                 three
                 others
                 were
                 created
                 in
                 his
                 room
                 ,
                 
                   viz.
                   Democrates
                   ,
                   Callias
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Sophanes
                 ,
                 who
                 manag'd
                 the
                 Business
                 and
                 Trial
                 concerning
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 at
                 such
                 time
                 as
                 the
                 Phocians
                 demanded
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 had
                 the
                 disposing
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 The
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Money
                 was
                 found
                 to
                 be
                 intrusted
                 in
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 Philon
                 ;
                 who
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 clear
                 Account
                 ,
                 was
                 condemn'd
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 put
                 upon
                 the
                 Rack
                 ,
                 
                 by
                 order
                 of
                 the
                 Generals
                 ,
                 he
                 nam'd
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Accomplices
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 being
                 tortur'd
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 extremity
                 ,
                 he
                 died
                 upon
                 the
                 Rack
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 came
                 to
                 an
                 end
                 worthy
                 his
                 Impiety
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Robbers
                 indeed
                 restor'd
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Monies
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 themselves
                 were
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 as
                 Sacrilegers
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 Generals
                 ,
                 Philomelus
                 ,
                 forbore
                 to
                 meddle
                 with
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Treasures
                 ;
                 but
                 his
                 Brother
                 and
                 Successor
                 Onomarchus
                 ,
                 converted
                 much
                 of
                 those
                 Treasures
                 to
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 The
                 third
                 General
                 Phayllus
                 ,
                 Brother
                 of
                 
                 Onomarchus
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 executed
                 that
                 Command
                 ,
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 consecrated
                 Things
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 paying
                 off
                 the
                 foreign
                 Soldiers
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 melted
                 down
                 and
                 coin'd
                 into
                 Money
                 the
                 Hundred
                 and
                 twenty
                 Golden
                 Tiles
                 ,
                 dedicated
                 by
                 Croesus
                 King
                 of
                 Lydia
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 he
                 dealt
                 with
                 the
                 300
                 Golden
                 Bowls
                 (
                 or
                 Viols
                 )
                 every
                 one
                 weighing
                 Two
                 Minas
                 ;
                 and
                 likewise
                 the
                 Lion
                 and
                 Woman
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 all
                 which
                 weigh'd
                 30
                 Talents
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Gold
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 value
                 of
                 Silver
                 would
                 amount
                 to
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 these
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 Things
                 in
                 Silver
                 dedicated
                 by
                 Croesus
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 ,
                 carry'd
                 away
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 Generals
                 in
                 their
                 several
                 Times
                 ,
                 above
                 the
                 value
                 of
                 
                 Six
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Sum
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ,
                 amounted
                 to
                 above
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 Authors
                 that
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 as
                 much
                 Treasure
                 sacrilegiously
                 taken
                 away
                 ,
                 as
                 Alexander
                 afterwards
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 Treasury
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Persians
                   .
                   Phalecus
                
                 likewise
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 went
                 about
                 to
                 dig
                 up
                 the
                 Pavement
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 because
                 some
                 Person
                 told
                 him
                 that
                 a
                 vast
                 Treasure
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 lay
                 under
                 it
                 :
                 For
                 confirmation
                 of
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 brought
                 in
                 the
                 Testimony
                 of
                 that
                 most
                 ancient
                 and
                 famous
                 Poet
                 Homer
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 says
                 thus
                 :
                 
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                   Hom.
                   Iliad
                   .
                   lib.
                   9.
                   fol.
                   453.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   Or
                   all
                   the
                   Gold
                   in
                   Phoebus
                   Marble
                   Fane
                   ,
                
                 
                   Which
                   Pytho's
                   Rocky
                   Treasuries
                   contain
                   .
                
              
               
                 And
                 just
                 as
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 began
                 to
                 dig
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Tripode
                 ,
                 a
                 sudden
                 Earthquake
                 terrify'd
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Gods
                 seeming
                 by
                 such
                 manifest
                 Tokens
                 to
                 threaten
                 Vengeance
                 upon
                 the
                 Sacrilegers
                 ,
                 they
                 desisted
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 first
                 Author
                 of
                 that
                 Impiety
                 ,
                 Philo
                 (
                 of
                 whom
                 we
                 spoke
                 before
                 )
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 felt
                 the
                 just
                 Vengeance
                 of
                 the
                 Deity
                 .
                 But
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 whole
                 Guilt
                 of
                 this
                 impious
                 Sacrilege
                 be
                 imputed
                 to
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 yet
                 both
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 Lacedaemonians
                 who
                 assisted
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 were
                 Partners
                 in
                 the
                 Offence
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 had
                 more
                 Money
                 paid
                 to
                 them
                 than
                 was
                 proportionable
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 which
                 they
                 sent
                 :
                 For
                 indeed
                 at
                 that
                 very
                 time
                 the
                 Athenians
                 carry'd
                 it
                 but
                 impiously
                 towards
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ;
                 for
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 this
                 Robbery
                 at
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 when
                 Iphicrates
                 lay
                 with
                 the
                 Fleet
                 before
                 Corcyra
                 ,
                 and
                 Dionysius
                 Prince
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 had
                 sent
                 some
                 Statues
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Ivory
                 to
                 Olympus
                 and
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 he
                 by
                 chance
                 intercepting
                 the
                 Vessels
                 which
                 transported
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 now
                 possession
                 of
                 the
                 dedicated
                 Goods
                 ,
                 sent
                 to
                 Athens
                 to
                 know
                 how
                 he
                 must
                 dispose
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 the
                 Athenians
                 bid
                 him
                 never
                 scrupulously
                 examine
                 or
                 make
                 enquiry
                 after
                 those
                 things
                 that
                 were
                 said
                 to
                 belong
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 consider
                 how
                 to
                 provide
                 for
                 the
                 maintaining
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 .
                 In
                 Obedience
                 to
                 which
                 Decree
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 he
                 expos'd
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 *
                 to
                 sale
                 under
                 the
                 Spear
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 †
                 Prince
                 being
                 highly
                 incens'd
                 against
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 wrote
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 :
              
               
                 
                   
                     
                       
                         Dionysius
                         to
                         the
                         Senate
                         and
                         People
                         of
                         Athens
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           It
                           is
                           not
                           fit
                           that
                           I
                           should
                           say
                        
                         Health
                         
                           to
                           you
                           ,
                           since
                           ye
                           have
                           been
                           so
                           sacrilogious
                           against
                           the
                           Gods
                           both
                           by
                           Sea
                           and
                           Land
                           ;
                           and
                           having
                           intercepted
                           the
                           Images
                           which
                           we
                           had
                           sent
                           ,
                           in
                           order
                           to
                           be
                        
                         
                         
                           devoted
                           to
                           the
                           Gods
                           ,
                           you
                           have
                           converted
                           them
                           into
                           Money
                           ,
                           and
                           so
                           have
                           prophanely
                           abus'd
                           the
                           Mightiest
                           of
                           the
                           Gods
                           ,
                        
                         Apollo
                         at
                         Delphos
                         ,
                         and
                         Jupiter
                         at
                         Olympus
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 This
                 Affront
                 against
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 never
                 stuck
                 at
                 ,
                 who
                 yet
                 were
                 us'd
                 to
                 boast
                 and
                 glory
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 God
                 
                   Apollo
                   was
                
                 their
                 Ancestor
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedaemonians
                 also
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 famous
                 amongst
                 all
                 Nations
                 for
                 the
                 Oracle
                 of
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 weighty
                 Affairs
                 do
                 consult
                 there
                 at
                 this
                 very
                 day
                 ;
                 yet
                 they
                 never
                 scrupled
                 to
                 join
                 in
                 the
                 Sacrilege
                 with
                 these
                 impious
                 Robbers
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 now
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 three
                 Towns
                 strongly
                 fortify'd
                 in
                 Boeotia
                 ,
                 made
                 an
                 Inroad
                 into
                 Boeotia
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 join'd
                 with
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Country
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 several
                 Incursions
                 and
                 Skirmishes
                 got
                 the
                 better
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 return'd
                 .
                 The
                 Boeotians
                 therefore
                 being
                 overpress'd
                 with
                 the
                 Burden
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 lost
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 besides
                 being
                 in
                 great
                 want
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 unto
                 Philip
                 to
                 crave
                 his
                 Assistance
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 very
                 welcome
                 News
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 see
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 brought
                 low
                 ,
                 having
                 long
                 desir'd
                 to
                 have
                 their
                 Leuctra
                 Courage
                 curb'd
                 and
                 tam'd
                 :
                 However
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 them
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Men
                 meerly
                 upon
                 this
                 account
                 ,
                 lest
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 thought
                 to
                 be
                 careless
                 in
                 the
                 matter
                 concerning
                 the
                 spoiling
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 Phocians
                 built
                 a
                 Castle
                 at
                 a
                 Town
                 call'd
                 Abas
                 ,
                 near
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Apollo
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 being
                 attack'd
                 by
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 presently
                 fled
                 scatteringly
                 into
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Cities
                 ;
                 others
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 500
                 ,
                 got
                 into
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 perish'd
                 .
                 Many
                 other
                 things
                 happen'd
                 to
                 the
                 Phocians
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 a
                 Divine
                 Hand
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 most
                 remarkable
                 was
                 this
                 ;
                 They
                 that
                 fled
                 into
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 thought
                 themselves
                 safe
                 under
                 the
                 Care
                 and
                 Protection
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 fell
                 out
                 quite
                 contrary
                 ;
                 for
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 brought
                 condign
                 Punishment
                 upon
                 the
                 Sacrilegers
                 :
                 There
                 
                 were
                 many
                 Straw-Beds
                 round
                 about
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 happen'd
                 that
                 the
                 Fire
                 left
                 in
                 
                 the
                 Tents
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 fled
                 ,
                 caught
                 hold
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Flame
                 so
                 mounted
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 consum'd
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 fled
                 into
                 it
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 seems
                 God
                 would
                 not
                 spare
                 the
                 Sacrilegers
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 all
                 their
                 Supplications
                 .
              
               
                 Archias
                 was
                 then
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Aemilius
                
                 and
                 
                   Titus
                   Quinctius
                
                 
                 were
                 invested
                 with
                 the
                 Consulship
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Phocian
                 War
                 (
                 which
                 had
                 continu'd
                 Ten
                 Years
                 )
                 was
                 ended
                 in
                 the
                 manner
                 following
                 :
                 When
                 both
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 and
                 Phocians
                 were
                 brought
                 low
                 with
                 the
                 continual
                 Fatigues
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 by
                 their
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 crav'd
                 Aid
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 who
                 sent
                 them
                 a
                 Thousand
                 heavy-arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Archidamus
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Sparta
                 .
                 In
                 like
                 manner
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 pray'd
                 Assistance
                 from
                 Philip
                 ;
                 who
                 thereupon
                 being
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 ,
                 entred
                 Locris
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 where
                 finding
                 Phalecus
                 (
                 restor'd
                 again
                 to
                 his
                 Command
                 )
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Body
                 of
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 he
                 prepar'd
                 to
                 fight
                 him
                 .
                 Phalecus
                 was
                 then
                 at
                 Nicea
                 ,
                 who
                 finding
                 himself
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 engage
                 with
                 Philip
                 ,
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 treat
                 .
                 Thereupon
                 a
                 Peace
                 was
                 concluded
                 upon
                 these
                 Conditions
                 :
                 That
                 Phalecus
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 those
                 then
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 might
                 march
                 away
                 whither
                 they
                 thought
                 fit
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 Phalecus
                 (
                 after
                 Ratification
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 )
                 without
                 any
                 further
                 delay
                 ,
                 departed
                 with
                 those
                 Forces
                 he
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 ,
                 into
                 Peloponnesus
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Phocians
                 now
                 
                 hopeless
                 ,
                 gave
                 up
                 themselves
                 into
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 Philip.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 King
                 having
                 without
                 Fighting
                 unexpectedly
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Sacred
                   War
                
                 ,
                 join'd
                 in
                 a
                 Senate
                 with
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 and
                 Boeotians
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 it
                 was
                 decreed
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Great
                 Council
                 of
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 should
                 be
                 assembled
                 ,
                 to
                 whose
                 Decision
                 all
                 Matters
                 should
                 be
                 wholly
                 referr'd
                 .
              
               
                 By
                 them
                 afterwards
                 it
                 was
                 decreed
                 ,
                 That
                 Philip
                 and
                 his
                 Posterity
                 should
                 be
                 receiv'd
                 as
                 
                 Members
                 into
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 ,
                 and
                 should
                 have
                 the
                 Privilege
                 of
                 a
                 double
                 Voice
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Phocians
                 (
                 whom
                 he
                 conquer'd
                 )
                 had
                 before
                 :
                 That
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 Three
                 Cities
                 in
                 Phocis
                 should
                 be
                 demolish'd
                 :
                 And
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Phocians
                 should
                 never
                 after
                 have
                 any
                 thing
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 or
                 be
                 Members
                 of
                 the
                 Court
                 of
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 :
                 That
                 they
                 should
                 never
                 be
                 possess'd
                 of
                 Horse
                 or
                 Arms
                 ,
                 until
                 they
                 had
                 made
                 Restitution
                 to
                 the
                 Oracle
                 of
                 the
                 Moneys
                 they
                 had
                 sacrilegiously
                 taken
                 away
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Exiles
                 of
                 Phocis
                 ,
                 and
                 whoever
                 they
                 were
                 that
                 were
                 Partners
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Sacrilege
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 accounted
                 accurs'd
                 ,
                 and
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 every
                 Place
                 .
                 Likewise
                 ,
                 That
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 Phocians
                 should
                 be
                 ras'd
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 turn'd
                 into
                 Villages
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 not
                 to
                 contain
                 above
                 Fifty
                 Houses
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 under
                 one
                 Furlong
                 distant
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ;
                 yet
                 that
                 the
                 Phocians
                 should
                 keep
                 their
                 Lands
                 ,
                 but
                 should
                 pay
                 a
                 Tribute
                 to
                 the
                 Oracle
                 every
                 Year
                 of
                 Sixty
                 Talents
                 ,
                 'till
                 they
                 had
                 paid
                 the
                 Sum
                 enter'd
                 in
                 the
                 Registers
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Sacrilege
                 committed
                 :
                 That
                 Philip
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 and
                 Thessalians
                 should
                 set
                 forth
                 the
                 Phythian
                 Games
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 were
                 Partners
                 in
                 the
                 Impiety
                 with
                 the
                 Phocians
                 :
                 That
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 Philip
                 ,
                 should
                 break
                 in
                 pieces
                 upon
                 the
                 Rocks
                 all
                 the
                 Arms
                 of
                 the
                 Phocians
                 and
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 burn
                 the
                 Remains
                 :
                 And
                 lastly
                 ,
                 
                 That
                 they
                 should
                 deliver
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 Horse
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 they
                 had
                 dispatch'd
                 this
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 Laws
                 and
                 Orders
                 for
                 the
                 restoring
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 to
                 its
                 former
                 state
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 matters
                 relating
                 to
                 Religion
                 and
                 the
                 Publick
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 advancing
                 of
                 Amity
                 and
                 Concord
                 amongst
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
                 All
                 these
                 Decrees
                 of
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 were
                 allow'd
                 and
                 confirm'd
                 by
                 Philip
                 ,
                 who
                 carry'd
                 himself
                 towards
                 them
                 with
                 great
                 Respect
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 march'd
                 back
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ;
                 and
                 not
                 only
                 purchas'd
                 Honour
                 by
                 his
                 Piety
                 and
                 martial
                 Conduct
                 ,
                 but
                 made
                 many
                 Advances
                 towards
                 the
                 future
                 Enlargement
                 of
                 his
                 Dominions
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 long
                 coveted
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 which
                 indeed
                 at
                 length
                 happen'd
                 .
                 But
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 we
                 shall
                 hereafter
                 give
                 a
                 particular
                 Account
                 in
                 their
                 due
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 Let
                 us
                 now
                 therefore
                 return
                 to
                 what
                 properly
                 is
                 an
                 Appendant
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 course
                 annex'd
                 to
                 the
                 precedent
                 History
                 :
                 Yet
                 we
                 judge
                 it
                 our
                 Duty
                 first
                 to
                 relate
                 the
                 Judgments
                 inflicted
                 by
                 the
                 Gods
                 upon
                 the
                 Sacrilegious
                 Robbers
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ;
                 for
                 Vengeance
                 overtook
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 general
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 the
                 chief
                 Ringleaders
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 them
                 that
                 had
                 the
                 least
                 hand
                 in
                 the
                 Sacrilege
                 .
              
               
                 Philomelus
                 ,
                 the
                 First
                 and
                 Chief
                 Contriver
                 of
                 seizing
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 certain
                 *
                 Fate
                 of
                 War
                 was
                 brought
                 into
                 such
                 a
                 strait
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 cast
                 himself
                 headlong
                 from
                 the
                 top
                 a
                 of
                 Rock
                 .
              
               
                 His
                 Brother
                 Onomarchus
                 having
                 taken
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 heartless
                 and
                 discourag'd
                 Army
                 ,
                 was
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 Phocians
                 and
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 totally
                 routed
                 in
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 taken
                 and
                 crucify'd
                 .
              
               
               
                 Phayllus
                 ,
                 the
                 Third
                 ,
                 who
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Oracle
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 its
                 Sacred
                 Treasures
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 not
                 altogether
                 escape
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 *
                 consum'd
                 away
                 by
                 a
                 lingring
                 Disease
                 .
              
               
                 Phalecus
                 ,
                 the
                 last
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 having
                 robb'd
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 was
                 left
                 ,
                 wander'd
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 in
                 great
                 Terror
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 divers
                 Hazards
                 and
                 Troubles
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 together
                 ;
                 not
                 in
                 any
                 Favour
                 to
                 him
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Confederates
                 in
                 Wickedness
                 ,
                 
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 be
                 longer
                 tormented
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Vengeance
                 executed
                 might
                 be
                 more
                 remarkable
                 to
                 all
                 where-ever
                 he
                 went.
                 After
                 his
                 Flight
                 ,
                 whereby
                 he
                 escap'd
                 being
                 a
                 Prisoner
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 he
                 remain'd
                 with
                 his
                 Mercenaries
                 about
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 and
                 maintain'd
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 with
                 the
                 Money
                 he
                 had
                 sacrilegiously
                 got
                 into
                 his
                 hand
                 from
                 the
                 Temple
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 hir'd
                 some
                 great
                 Transport-Ships
                 at
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 Four
                 other
                 *
                 small
                 Vessels
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 he
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 a
                 Voyage
                 into
                 Italy
                 and
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 hoping
                 either
                 to
                 possess
                 himself
                 of
                 some
                 Citie
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 he
                 and
                 his
                 Men
                 should
                 be
                 employ'd
                 by
                 some
                 or
                 other
                 as
                 Mercenaries
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 was
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 a
                 War
                 broken
                 out
                 between
                 the
                 Lucanians
                 and
                 Tarrentines
                 ;
                 he
                 pretended
                 to
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 went
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 sent
                 for
                 by
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 and
                 Italians
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 open
                 Sea
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 who
                 were
                 on
                 board
                 in
                 the
                 largest
                 Vessel
                 with
                 Phalecus
                 ,
                 discours'd
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 declar'd
                 their
                 Suspicions
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 but
                 a
                 Pretence
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 none
                 had
                 sent
                 for
                 them
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 saw
                 no
                 Commanders
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 from
                 any
                 that
                 desir'd
                 their
                 Assistance
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 perceiv'd
                 that
                 the
                 Voyage
                 undertaken
                 was
                 long
                 and
                 tedious
                 ,
                 and
                 full
                 of
                 Hazards
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 concluding
                 that
                 Phalecus
                 was
                 no
                 longer
                 to
                 be
                 credited
                 (
                 dreading
                 the
                 Expedition
                 beyond-sea
                 )
                 they
                 conspir'd
                 ,
                 especially
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 their
                 drawn
                 Swords
                 so
                 threatned
                 both
                 Phalecus
                 and
                 the
                 Pilot
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 compell'd
                 them
                 to
                 tack
                 about
                 ,
                 and
                 return
                 :
                 The
                 like
                 being
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 Ships
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 came
                 back
                 ,
                 and
                 arriv'd
                 in
                 Peloponnesus
                 .
                 And
                 being
                 rendezvous'd
                 at
                 Malea
                 ,
                 a
                 Promontory
                 of
                 Laconia
                 ,
                 they
                 there
                 found
                 the
                 Gnosian
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 who
                 accidently
                 were
                 come
                 hither
                 to
                 
                 list
                 some
                 foreign
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 After
                 some
                 Discourse
                 had
                 past
                 between
                 them
                 and
                 Phalecus
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Officers
                 ,
                 the
                 Pay
                 in
                 hand
                 was
                 so
                 large
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 sail'd
                 away
                 with
                 them
                 to
                 Crete
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 landed
                 at
                 *
                 Gnosus
                 ,
                 they
                 presently
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 Lyctus
                 at
                 first
                 Assault
                 .
                 But
                 unexpected
                 Assistance
                 came
                 in
                 suddenly
                 to
                 the
                 expuls'd
                 Lyctians
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Tarrentines
                 being
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 engag'd
                 in
                 a
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Lucanians
                 ,
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 they
                 were
                 descended
                 ,
                 to
                 supply
                 them
                 with
                 Auxiliaries
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 their
                 Kindred
                 ,
                 were
                 ready
                 to
                 assist
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 had
                 both
                 Naval
                 and
                 Land
                 ▪
                 Forces
                 ready
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Archidamus
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Sparta
                 .
                 And
                 being
                 now
                 ready
                 to
                 set
                 sail
                 for
                 Italy
                 ,
                 at
                 that
                 very
                 time
                 came
                 some
                 from
                 the
                 Lyctians
                 ,
                 earnestly
                 desiring
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 help
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedaemonians
                 agreed
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 pass'd
                 over
                 to
                 Crete
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 routed
                 Phalecus
                 and
                 his
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 recover'd
                 the
                 Country
                 for
                 the
                 Lyctians
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 Archidamus
                 made
                 for
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 assisted
                 the
                 Tarrentines
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 kill'd
                 in
                 Fight
                 ,
                 behaving
                 himself
                 with
                 great
                 Valour
                 and
                 Resolution
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 an
                 excellent
                 Commander
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 good
                 Reputation
                 in
                 other
                 respects
                 ;
                 but
                 ill
                 spoken
                 of
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 joining
                 with
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 principal
                 Promoter
                 and
                 Author
                 of
                 the
                 seizing
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 and
                 City
                 of
                 Delphos
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 King
                 of
                 Lacedaemon
                 Three
                 and
                 twenty
                 Years
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Son
                 Agis
                 succeeded
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 continu'd
                 Fifteen
                 Years
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 all
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 under
                 Archidamus
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 were
                 concern'd
                 in
                 the
                 robbing
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 were
                 killed
                 by
                 the
                 Lucanians
                 .
                 But
                 Phalecus
                 being
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 Lyctus
                 ,
                 besieged
                 *
                 Sidon
                 ;
                 and
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 preparing
                 his
                 Engines
                 to
                 batter
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 his
                 Approaches
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 the
                 Engines
                 were
                 set
                 on
                 fire
                 ,
                 and
                 consumed
                 by
                 a
                 Thunderbolt
                 from
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 who
                 endeavoured
                 to
                 save
                 
                 them
                 ,
                 were
                 consumed
                 by
                 Fire
                 from
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 was
                 Phalecus
                 himself
                 :
                 Though
                 there
                 be
                 some
                 who
                 report
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 was
                 run
                 through
                 the
                 Body
                 by
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Soldiers
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 provoked
                 .
                 Those
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 ,
                 were
                 hired
                 by
                 the
                 Elean
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 and
                 transported
                 into
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 who
                 assisted
                 them
                 against
                 their
                 own
                 Countrymen
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 ,
                 who
                 assisted
                 the
                 Eleans
                 ,
                 routed
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 killed
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Prisoners
                 ;
                 which
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 and
                 Eleans
                 divided
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 sold
                 those
                 under
                 the
                 Spear
                 that
                 fell
                 to
                 their
                 Share
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Eleans
                 put
                 all
                 theirs
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 Impiety
                 in
                 robbing
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 all
                 the
                 Sacrilegers
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 took
                 part
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 met
                 with
                 their
                 due
                 Punishment
                 for
                 their
                 Wickedness
                 .
                 Likewise
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 Cities
                 that
                 shared
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 Impiety
                 ,
                 being
                 afterwards
                 conquered
                 by
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 lost
                 both
                 their
                 Authority
                 and
                 Liberty
                 at
                 once
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 the
                 Wives
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 principal
                 
                 Men
                 of
                 Phocis
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 deck'd
                 themselves
                 with
                 Necklaces
                 of
                 Gold
                 robb'd
                 from
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 met
                 with
                 the
                 deserved
                 Punishment
                 of
                 their
                 Impiety
                 .
                 For
                 one
                 that
                 wore
                 the
                 Chain
                 of
                 Helen
                 turning
                 Whore
                 ,
                 stain'd
                 all
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 her
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 by
                 prostituting
                 her self
                 to
                 every
                 filthy
                 Wretch
                 .
                 Another
                 who
                 adorn'd
                 her self
                 with
                 the
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 Eriphyles
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Fury
                 of
                 Madness
                 and
                 Rage
                 had
                 her
                 House
                 set
                 on
                 fire
                 by
                 her
                 eldest
                 Son
                 ,
                 and
                 she
                 and
                 her
                 Habitation
                 consumed
                 together
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 manner
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 said
                 before
                 )
                 those
                 that
                 dared
                 thus
                 to
                 despise
                 and
                 contemn
                 the
                 Deity
                 ,
                 were
                 overtaken
                 by
                 Divine
                 Vengeance
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 Philip
                 ,
                 who
                 appeared
                 in
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 ever
                 prospering
                 from
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 Piety
                 ,
                 was
                 at
                 last
                 declared
                 Supream
                 Governor
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 gained
                 the
                 largest
                 Kingdom
                 in
                 Europe
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 having
                 given
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Sacred
                   War
                
                 so
                 far
                 forth
                 as
                 we
                 judged
                 necessary
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 return
                 to
                 Things
                 of
                 another
                 Nature
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Sicily
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 labouring
                 under
                 Intestine
                 Seditions
                 ,
                 and
                 inslaved
                 under
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 of
                 many
                 that
                 Lorded
                 over
                 them
                 ,
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Corinth
                 to
                 desire
                 a
                 General
                 to
                 be
                 dispatched
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 might
                 take
                 Charge
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 a
                 Check
                 to
                 the
                 Ambition
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 sought
                 to
                 Tyrannize
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 it
                 seemed
                 very
                 just
                 and
                 reasonable
                 to
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 to
                 help
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 originally
                 descended
                 from
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 they
                 Decreed
                 to
                 send
                 them
                 Timoleon
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Timenetus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 accounted
                 
                 the
                 most
                 valiant
                 and
                 expert
                 Commander
                 among
                 them
                 ;
                 in
                 short
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 Person
                 every
                 way
                 Virtuous
                 :
                 But
                 there
                 was
                 one
                 Thing
                 remarkable
                 happen'd
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 which
                 much
                 forwarded
                 his
                 being
                 chosen
                 General
                 .
              
               
                 Timophanes
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 the
                 richest
                 and
                 most
                 daring
                 Man
                 among
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 ,
                 had
                 some
                 time
                 before
                 given
                 evident
                 Signs
                 of
                 his
                 Ambition
                 to
                 aspire
                 to
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 .
                 For
                 about
                 that
                 time
                 having
                 armed
                 and
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 Company
                 of
                 lewd
                 Fellows
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 in
                 Debt
                 ,
                 and
                 Needy
                 ,
                 went
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 the
                 Market-place
                 ,
                 seeming
                 not
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 least
                 Thoughts
                 of
                 the
                 Principality
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 truth
                 acting
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 as
                 an
                 absolute
                 Tyrant
                 .
                 But
                 Timoleon
                 ,
                 who
                 abhorr'd
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 advised
                 his
                 Brother
                 to
                 forbear
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 aside
                 such
                 Projects
                 and
                 Designs
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 being
                 not
                 only
                 regardless
                 of
                 what
                 was
                 said
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 growing
                 every
                 day
                 more
                 Audacious
                 and
                 Peremptory
                 ;
                 Timoleon
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 work
                 upon
                 him
                 by
                 Words
                 ,
                 killed
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Market-place
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 a
                 great
                 Tumult
                 was
                 raised
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Citizens
                 upon
                 the
                 Commission
                 of
                 so
                 
                 horrid
                 a
                 Fact
                 running
                 in
                 and
                 flocking
                 together
                 ,
                 the
                 Matter
                 came
                 to
                 a
                 Faction
                 and
                 Sedition
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 For
                 some
                 declared
                 ,
                 That
                 Timoleon
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 imbrewed
                 his
                 Hands
                 in
                 the
                 Blood
                 of
                 a
                 Citizen
                 ,
                 should
                 undergo
                 the
                 Punishment
                 due
                 for
                 his
                 Offence
                 by
                 the
                 Law.
                 But
                 others
                 were
                 of
                 a
                 contrary
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 deserved
                 rather
                 to
                 be
                 commended
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 that
                 had
                 dispatched
                 a
                 Tyrant
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 way
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 Senate
                 therefore
                 was
                 called
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Matter
                 brought
                 before
                 the
                 Court
                 ,
                 where
                 his
                 Enemies
                 most
                 bitterly
                 inveigh'd
                 against
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 more
                 moderate
                 and
                 favourable
                 ,
                 consulted
                 together
                 to
                 preserve
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 while
                 the
                 Business
                 remained
                 in
                 Debate
                 ,
                 not
                 yet
                 decided
                 ,
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 from
                 Syracuse
                 arrived
                 ,
                 and
                 imparting
                 their
                 Embassy
                 to
                 the
                 Court
                 ,
                 they
                 very
                 seasonably
                 desired
                 a
                 General
                 to
                 be
                 sent
                 them
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Senate
                 determined
                 to
                 send
                 Timoleon
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 the
                 better
                 behave
                 himself
                 ,
                 a
                 most
                 strange
                 Proposal
                 was
                 offered
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 chuse
                 as
                 he
                 pleased
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 let
                 him
                 know
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   if
                   he
                   carried
                   himself
                   well
                   towards
                   the
                
                 Syracusians
                 
                   in
                   his
                   Command
                   ,
                   then
                   they
                   would
                   judge
                   him
                   to
                   be
                   one
                   that
                   had
                   killed
                   a
                   Tyrant
                   ;
                   but
                   if
                   he
                   were
                   Covetous
                   and
                   Oppressive
                   ,
                   he
                   should
                   be
                   condemned
                   as
                   a
                   Murderer
                   of
                   his
                   Brother
                   .
                
              
               
                 Timoleon
                 therefore
                 ,
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 out
                 of
                 Fear
                 of
                 what
                 was
                 threaten'd
                 by
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 as
                 excited
                 by
                 the
                 Principles
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 innate
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 managed
                 Affairs
                 in
                 Sicily
                 with
                 great
                 Honour
                 and
                 Reputation
                 to
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 Advantage
                 to
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 subdued
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 rebuilt
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Cities
                 which
                 were
                 destroyed
                 by
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 and
                 restored
                 all
                 Sicily
                 to
                 its
                 Liberty
                 .
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 having
                 gained
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Greek
                 desolated
                 Cities
                 ,
                 he
                 filled
                 them
                 all
                 with
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 them
                 very
                 Populous
                 .
                 But
                 we
                 shall
                 treat
                 of
                 these
                 Matters
                 in
                 their
                 proper
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 come
                 to
                 that
                 part
                 which
                 is
                 coherent
                 to
                 the
                 History
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XI
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Timoleon
                   '
                   
                     s
                     Expedition
                     into
                  
                   Sicily
                   .
                   The
                   Carthaginians
                   
                     Army
                     in
                  
                   Sicily
                   .
                   Dionysius
                   
                     returns
                     into
                  
                   Syracuse
                   ,
                   
                     is
                     beaten
                     by
                  
                   Hicetas
                   ;
                   Hicetas
                   gains
                   Syracuse
                   .
                   Timoleon
                   '
                   
                     s
                     Escape
                     from
                  
                   Rhegium
                   .
                   Timoleon
                   routs
                   Hicetas
                   ,
                   
                     and
                     gains
                  
                   Syracuse
                   .
                   Philip
                   
                     invades
                     the
                  
                   Illyrians
                   .
                   Dionysius
                   expell'd
                   .
                   Timoleon
                   
                     makes
                     good
                     Laws
                  
                   .
                   Philip
                   invades
                   Thrace
                   .
                
              
               
                 NOW
                 Eubulus
                 was
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Fabius
                
                 and
                 
                   Serulius
                   Sulpitius
                
                 were
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 ;
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 Timoleon
                 the
                 Corinthian
                 ,
                 advanced
                 by
                 the
                 
                 Syracusians
                 to
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 of
                 all
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 prepared
                 for
                 his
                 Voyage
                 into
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 loosed
                 from
                 Corinth
                 with
                 Four
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 mann'd
                 with
                 Seven
                 hundred
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 attended
                 with
                 Three
                 Skiffs
                 .
                 In
                 his
                 Passage
                 he
                 was
                 joined
                 by
                 Three
                 Vessels
                 more
                 from
                 the
                 Leucadians
                 and
                 Corcyrians
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 with
                 Ten
                 Sail
                 passed
                 over
                 the
                 Ionian
                 Sea.
                 
                 In
                 this
                 Voyage
                 an
                 unusual
                 and
                 remarkable
                 Thing
                 happened
                 to
                 Timoleon
                 ,
                 the
                 Providence
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 seeming
                 to
                 favour
                 his
                 Undertaking
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 to
                 point
                 out
                 the
                 future
                 Fame
                 and
                 Glory
                 of
                 his
                 Actions
                 .
                 For
                 all
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 a
                 Light
                 like
                 a
                 burning
                 Torch
                 in
                 the
                 Heavens
                 went
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 Fleet
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Italy
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 before
                 told
                 at
                 Corinth
                 by
                 the
                 Priests
                 of
                 Ceres
                 and
                 Proserpina
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 the
                 Goddesses
                 appeared
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 told
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 sail
                 along
                 with
                 Timoleon
                 to
                 the
                 Island
                 that
                 was
                 peculiarly
                 Consecrated
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 Timoleon
                 therefore
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 those
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 were
                 very
                 chearful
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Apprehension
                 that
                 the
                 Gods
                 favoured
                 their
                 Enterprize
                 ;
                 and
                 thereupon
                 
                 Timoleon
                 dedicated
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 to
                 the
                 Goddesses
                 ,
                 and
                 ordered
                 that
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 call'd
                 the
                 *
                 
                   Sacred
                   Ship
                
                 of
                 Ceres
                 and
                 Proserpina
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 when
                 the
                 Fleet
                 came
                 safe
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 Metapontum
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 there
                 arrived
                 a
                 Galley
                 which
                 had
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Ambassadors
                 on
                 board
                 ;
                 who
                 upon
                 a
                 Conference
                 with
                 Timoleon
                 ,
                 charged
                 him
                 upon
                 his
                 Peril
                 not
                 to
                 begin
                 any
                 War
                 ,
                 or
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 set
                 his
                 Foot
                 upon
                 Sicily
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 being
                 incouraged
                 by
                 them
                 of
                 Rhegium
                 ,
                 who
                 promised
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 loosed
                 with
                 all
                 hast
                 from
                 Metapontum
                 ,
                 designing
                 by
                 his
                 speed
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 Report
                 of
                 his
                 Coming
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Fear
                 ,
                 left
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 much
                 stronger
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 should
                 block
                 up
                 his
                 Passage
                 into
                 Sicily
                 .
                 Therefore
                 he
                 made
                 away
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 Rhegium
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 having
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 received
                 Intelligence
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 great
                 War
                 was
                 likely
                 to
                 break
                 out
                 through
                 all
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 carried
                 themselves
                 with
                 all
                 Civility
                 towards
                 the
                 
                 Confederate
                 Cities
                 ;
                 and
                 putting
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 all
                 Quarrels
                 ,
                 entred
                 into
                 Leagues
                 of
                 Amity
                 and
                 Friendship
                 with
                 the
                 Princes
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 especially
                 with
                 Hicetas
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 Potent
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 having
                 raised
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Forces
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 ,
                 transported
                 them
                 into
                 Sicily
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Hanno
                 their
                 General
                 .
                 They
                 had
                 with
                 them
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 Sail
                 of
                 Long
                 Ships
                 ,
                 a
                 Land
                 Army
                 of
                 Fifty
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Chariots
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 thousand
                 *
                 Carts
                 or
                 Carriages
                 drawn
                 by
                 two
                 Horses
                 apiece
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 these
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Arms
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 ,
                 and
                 Engines
                 of
                 Battery
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 infinite
                 Store
                 of
                 Corn
                 ,
                 Provision
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Things
                 necessary
                 for
                 War.
                 The
                 first
                 City
                 they
                 set
                 upon
                 ,
                 was
                 Entella
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoiled
                 the
                 Lands
                 round
                 about
                 ,
                 they
                 shut
                 up
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 
                 by
                 a
                 close
                 Siege
                 .
                 The
                 Campanians
                 possessed
                 the
                 City
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 terrified
                 with
                 the
                 Multitude
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 sent
                 for
                 Aid
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 Cities
                 ,
                 who
                 hated
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ;
                 but
                 none
                 of
                 them
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 except
                 them
                 of
                 Galeria
                 ,
                 who
                 sent
                 them
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Armed
                 Men
                 ;
                 who
                 were
                 intercepted
                 by
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 every
                 Man.
                 The
                 Campanians
                 ,
                 who
                 inhabited
                 Aetna
                 ,
                 at
                 first
                 prepared
                 to
                 help
                 them
                 of
                 
                 Entella
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 their
                 Consanguinity
                 ;
                 but
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 the
                 Galerians
                 ,
                 they
                 judged
                 it
                 more
                 Adviseable
                 to
                 sit
                 still
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 had
                 regained
                 his
                 former
                 Sovereignty
                 over
                 the
                 
                   Syracusians
                   .
                   Hicetas
                
                 therefore
                 led
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 thither
                 ,
                 and
                 encamped
                 at
                 Olympus
                 ,
                 fortifying
                 himself
                 with
                 a
                 Breast-work
                 and
                 a
                 Trench
                 ,
                 and
                 drew
                 
                 up
                 against
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 then
                 playing
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 protracted
                 the
                 Siege
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 through
                 want
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 and
                 marched
                 away
                 to
                 Leontum
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 he
                 first
                 moved
                 .
                 But
                 Dionysius
                 pursued
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 upon
                 his
                 Rear
                 ,
                 which
                 occasioned
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 to
                 ingage
                 .
                 For
                 Hircetas
                 wheeled
                 about
                 ,
                 fought
                 and
                 routed
                 him
                 ,
                 killing
                 Three
                 thousand
                 of
                 his
                 Mercenaries
                 upon
                 the
                 Spot
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 Flight
                 ;
                 and
                 pursuing
                 them
                 so
                 hotly
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 fell
                 pell-mell
                 with
                 him
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 possessed
                 himself
                 
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 Island
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 went
                 Matters
                 between
                 Hicetas
                 and
                 Dionysius
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 Timoleon
                 arriving
                 at
                 Rhegium
                 the
                 third
                 Day
                 after
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 lay
                 with
                 his
                 Fleet
                 in
                 the
                 Port
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 came
                 into
                 Port
                 Twenty
                 Carthaginian
                 Gallies
                 :
                 The
                 Rhegians
                 favouring
                 Timoleon
                 ,
                 called
                 an
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 and
                 proposed
                 Terms
                 of
                 Compounding
                 Matters
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 supposing
                 Timoleon
                 would
                 be
                 persuaded
                 
                 to
                 return
                 home
                 ;
                 were
                 not
                 careful
                 to
                 place
                 sufficient
                 Guards
                 ,
                 Timoleon
                 therefore
                 himself
                 (
                 not
                 giving
                 the
                 least
                 Ground
                 to
                 suspect
                 his
                 Flight
                 )
                 kept
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 Court
                 ,
                 but
                 ordered
                 ,
                 that
                 Nine
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 should
                 set
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 away
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 hast
                 they
                 could
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 Thoughts
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 were
                 intent
                 upon
                 the
                 Speeches
                 of
                 the
                 Rhegians
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 lengthen'd
                 out
                 of
                 Purpose
                 and
                 Design
                 ,
                 Timoleon
                 privately
                 
                 withdraws
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 to
                 the
                 Ship
                 that
                 was
                 left
                 ,
                 and
                 hoises
                 up
                 Sail
                 and
                 away
                 he
                 goes
                 .
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 thus
                 deluded
                 ,
                 endeavoured
                 to
                 pursue
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 got
                 too
                 far
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 Night
                 approached
                 ;
                 Timoleon
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 arrived
                 safe
                 at
                 
                   Tauromenum
                   .
                   Andromachus
                
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 that
                 City
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 always
                 was
                 a
                 Friend
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Syracusians
                   ,
                
                 )
                 courteously
                 received
                 the
                 Refugees
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 greatly
                 serviceable
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 avoiding
                 of
                 the
                 Pursuers
                 .
                 Hicetas
                 afterwards
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Men
                 came
                 against
                 Adriana
                 ,
                 and
                 encamped
                 near
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 But
                 Timoleon
                 drawing
                 some
                 Regiments
                 out
                 of
                 Tauromenum
                 ,
                 marched
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 having
                 with
                 him
                 at
                 the
                 most
                 but
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Men.
                 And
                 going
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 in
                 the
                 Twilight
                 ,
                 he
                 reached
                 Adriana
                 the
                 next
                 Day
                 ;
                 there
                 he
                 set
                 up
                 the
                 Hicetians
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 time
                 they
                 happened
                 to
                 be
                 at
                 Meat
                 ,
                 and
                 broke
                 in
                 upon
                 their
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 killed
                 Three
                 hundred
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Six
                 hundred
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 possessed
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Camp.
                 To
                 this
                 Stratagem
                 he
                 added
                 another
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 made
                 straight
                 away
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 dispatching
                 his
                 March
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 ,
                 he
                 broke
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 swiftness
                 of
                 his
                 March
                 came
                 there
                 before
                 those
                 that
                 fled
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 Transactions
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
               
                 Lycisco
                 executed
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Valerius
                
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Popilius
                
                 
                 were
                 created
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 when
                 the
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Ninth
                 Olympiad
                 was
                 celebrated
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Aristolocus
                 the
                 Athenian
                 won
                 the
                 Course
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 likewise
                 the
                 first
                 time
                 that
                 the
                 Romans
                 entred
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 In
                 
                   Caria
                   ,
                   Idreius
                
                 Prince
                 of
                 the
                 Carians
                 died
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 reigned
                 Seven
                 Years
                 ,
                 whom
                 Ada
                 (
                 both
                 his
                 Wife
                 and
                 Sister
                 )
                 succeeded
                 ,
                 and
                 governed
                 Four
                 Years
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   Timoleon
                
                 being
                 strengthened
                 with
                 the
                 Confederacy
                 of
                 them
                 of
                 Adranita
                 and
                 Tynderita
                 ,
                 greatly
                 increased
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 there
                 were
                 great
                 Confusions
                 in
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 that
                 Dionysius
                 had
                 got
                 Possession
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 
                   Hicetas
                   ,
                   Achradina
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 new
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 Timoleon
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 lastly
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 had
                 entred
                 the
                 great
                 Harbour
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 near
                 ,
                 encamped
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Fifty
                 thousand
                 Men.
                 And
                 now
                 Timoleon
                 was
                 in
                 great
                 Perplexity
                 ,
                 being
                 invironed
                 by
                 so
                 many
                 Enemies
                 ;
                 when
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 the
                 Tables
                 were
                 turned
                 .
                 First
                 Marcus
                 ,
                 Prince
                 of
                 Catana
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 Timoleon
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Forts
                 and
                 Castles
                 (
                 out
                 of
                 love
                 of
                 Liberty
                 )
                 sided
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 sent
                 Ten
                 Gallies
                 full
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 Pay
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 .
              
               
                 By
                 these
                 Supplies
                 Timoleon
                 took
                 Heart
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 were
                 so
                 discouraged
                 and
                 affrighted
                 ,
                 that
                 very
                 imprudently
                 they
                 sailed
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 and
                 drew
                 off
                 their
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 marched
                 away
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Territories
                 .
                 Hicetas
                 being
                 thus
                 stripp'd
                 of
                 all
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 Timoleon
                 ,
                 now
                 stronger
                 than
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 possessed
                 himself
                 of
                 all
                 Syracuse
                 .
                 Presently
                 after
                 he
                 received
                 Messina
                 (
                 who
                 had
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 )
                 into
                 his
                 Protection
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Sicily
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 
                   Macedonia
                   ,
                   Philip
                
                 ,
                 who
                 bore
                 an
                 Hereditary
                 Hatred
                 against
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 
                 with
                 them
                 an
                 everlasting
                 Controversy
                 ,
                 invaded
                 their
                 Country
                 with
                 a
                 powerful
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoiled
                 their
                 Lands
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 many
                 Towns
                 ,
                 returned
                 with
                 rich
                 ,
                 Booty
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 making
                 an
                 Expedition
                 into
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 he
                 cast
                 all
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 gained
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 :
                 For
                 by
                 gaining
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Allies
                 ,
                 he
                 hoped
                 easily
                 to
                 procure
                 an
                 Interest
                 in
                 all
                 Greece
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Issue
                 it
                 appeared
                 so
                 afterwards
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 bordering
                 Grecians
                 presently
                 ,
                 in
                 imitation
                 of
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 ,
                 very
                 readily
                 entred
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 Philip.
                 
              
               
                 Pythodorus
                 was
                 now
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Plautius
                
                 and
                 
                   Titus
                   Manlius
                
                 
                 executed
                 the
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 Dionysius
                 being
                 brought
                 into
                 extremity
                 of
                 Danger
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 terrible
                 Fright
                 ,
                 was
                 wrought
                 upon
                 by
                 Timoleon
                 to
                 surrender
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 Condition
                 of
                 Abdicating
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 had
                 Liberty
                 safely
                 to
                 depart
                 to
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Goods
                 and
                 Movables
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 thus
                 he
                 ,
                 through
                 Sloth
                 and
                 Cowardise
                 ,
                 lost
                 this
                 so
                 eminent
                 and
                 famous
                 a
                 Principality
                 ,
                 bound
                 fast
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 used
                 to
                 term
                 it
                 (
                 with
                 an
                 Adamant
                 ,
                 and
                 spent
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 
                 his
                 Days
                 *
                 in
                 a
                 poor
                 and
                 mean
                 Condition
                 .
                 Whose
                 change
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 and
                 course
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 exhibit
                 a
                 clear
                 Example
                 to
                 those
                 ,
                 who
                 like
                 Fools
                 boast
                 in
                 the
                 Times
                 of
                 Prosperity
                 ,
                 For
                 he
                 ,
                 who
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 had
                 Four
                 hundred
                 Gallies
                 at
                 Command
                 ,
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 in
                 a
                 small
                 Skiff
                 was
                 conveyed
                 to
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 and
                 became
                 a
                 Spectacle
                 to
                 Admiration
                 of
                 a
                 wonderful
                 Change.
                 Timoleon
                 having
                 possessed
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 and
                 Castles
                 lately
                 held
                 by
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 demolished
                 all
                 the
                 Forts
                 and
                 Palaces
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 through
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 freed
                 all
                 the
                 Towns
                 from
                 the
                 Garisons
                 .
                 And
                 continually
                 employed
                 himself
                 in
                 framing
                 of
                 Laws
                 ,
                 and
                 instituted
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 most
                 proper
                 for
                 the
                 Administration
                 of
                 the
                 Democracy
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 his
                 making
                 such
                 as
                 related
                 to
                 private
                 Contracts
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 special
                 Regard
                 to
                 Equality
                 and
                 mutual
                 Recompence
                 .
                 Moreover
                 he
                 appointed
                 a
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 to
                 be
                 
                 Yearly
                 chosen
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 call
                 the
                 *
                 Amphipolus
                 of
                 
                   Jupiter
                   Olympus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 first
                 Amphipolus
                 was
                 Callimenes
                 .
                 From
                 hence
                 arose
                 the
                 Custom
                 amongst
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 to
                 note
                 their
                 Years
                 with
                 the
                 respective
                 Governments
                 of
                 these
                 Magistrates
                 ,
                 which
                 continues
                 to
                 this
                 very
                 time
                 of
                 writing
                 this
                 History
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 the
                 Frame
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 be
                 now
                 chang'd
                 .
                 For
                 since
                 the
                 Romans
                 imparted
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 the
                 Amphipolus
                 has
                 still
                 continued
                 ,
                 being
                 now
                 grown
                 old
                 ,
                 having
                 been
                 executed
                 above
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Years
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Sicily
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 
                   Macedonia
                   ,
                   Philip
                
                 having
                 persuaded
                 all
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 in
                 Thrace
                 to
                 Concord
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ,
                 made
                 an
                 Expedition
                 against
                 the
                 Thracians
                 .
                 For
                 Cersobleptes
                 the
                 Thracian
                 King
                 was
                 continually
                 destroying
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 in
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 and
                 harrassing
                 and
                 spoiling
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 Therefore
                 Philip
                 ,
                 to
                 put
                 a
                 Check
                 to
                 the
                 Designs
                 and
                 Progress
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 invaded
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 so
                 Victorious
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 forced
                 them
                 to
                 pay
                 a
                 Tenth
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Tribute
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 building
                 of
                 strong
                 Towns
                 in
                 convenient
                 Places
                 ,
                 he
                 curb'd
                 the
                 Insolency
                 of
                 the
                 Thracians
                 .
                 The
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 therefore
                 being
                 freed
                 from
                 their
                 Fears
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 Eagerness
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 of
                 Confederacy
                 with
                 Philip.
                 
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 Writers
                 ,
                 Theopompus
                 of
                 Chius
                 composed
                 an
                 History
                 of
                 the
                 Acts
                 of
                 Philip
                 ,
                 in
                 Three
                 Books
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 are
                 interwoven
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Sicily
                 .
                 For
                 beginning
                 with
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 the
                 Elder
                 ,
                 he
                 comprehended
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 Transactions
                 of
                 Fifty
                 Years
                 ,
                 and
                 ended
                 with
                 the
                 Expulsion
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 the
                 Younger
                 .
                 These
                 Three
                 Books
                 are
                 from
                 the
                 Forty
                 first
                 to
                 the
                 Forty
                 third
                 Year
                 of
                 the
                 Fifty
                 Years
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Timoleon
                   in
                   Sicily
                   .
                   The
                   Preparations
                   of
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   against
                   Timoleon
                   .
                   The
                   remarkable
                   Siege
                   of
                   Perinthus
                   by
                   
                     Philip.
                     Pexodorus
                  
                   expells
                   his
                   Brother
                   Adam
                   from
                   the
                   Principality
                   in
                   
                     Caria
                     .
                     Byzantium
                  
                   be●ieged
                   by
                   Philip.
                   
                
              
               
                 WHEN
                 the
                 chief
                 Magistracy
                 of
                 Athens
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 Sosigenes
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Valerius
                
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Publius
                
                 executed
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Consuls
                 at
                 
                   Rome
                   ,
                   Arymbas
                
                 
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Molossians
                 died
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 reigned
                 Ten
                 Years
                 ,
                 leaving
                 his
                 Son
                 Aeacidas
                 the
                 Father
                 of
                 Pyrrbus
                 :
                 But
                 by
                 the
                 Help
                 of
                 Philip
                 of
                 
                   Macedon
                   ,
                   Alexander
                
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Olympias
                 succeeded
                 Arymbas
                 .
                 
              
               
                 In
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   Timoleon
                
                 marched
                 against
                 the
                 Leontines
                 ,
                 (
                 to
                 whom
                 Hicetas
                 had
                 joined
                 himself
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 besieged
                 the
                 new
                 City
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 called
                 )
                 .
                 
                 But
                 the
                 Garison
                 being
                 very
                 strong
                 ,
                 they
                 easily
                 repulsed
                 the
                 Assailants
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 he
                 raised
                 his
                 Siege
                 without
                 effecting
                 any
                 thing
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 made
                 for
                 Engya
                 ,
                 (
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 under
                 
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 of
                 
                   Leptines
                   ,
                
                 )
                 and
                 ply'd
                 it
                 with
                 continual
                 Assaults
                 ,
                 being
                 very
                 earnest
                 and
                 intent
                 to
                 set
                 them
                 free
                 by
                 the
                 Expulsion
                 of
                 Leptines
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 Timoleon
                 was
                 thus
                 employ'd
                 ,
                 Hicetas
                 marches
                 away
                 from
                 Leontium
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 Syracuse
                 ;
                 but
                 having
                 lost
                 there
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 hasted
                 back
                 to
                 
                   Leontium
                   .
                   Timoleon
                
                 at
                 length
                 so
                 terrifi'd
                 Leptines
                 ,
                 that
                 under
                 the
                 Terms
                 of
                 safe
                 Conduct
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 sent
                 away
                 to
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 these
                 Banishments
                 Timoleon
                 expos'd
                 to
                 the
                 Graecians
                 the
                 Trophies
                 of
                 his
                 Victory
                 over
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 .
                 And
                 forasmuch
                 as
                 the
                 Apolloniates
                 were
                 likewise
                 under
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 Leptines
                 ,
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 Apollonia
                 into
                 his
                 Protection
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 Engyans
                 ,
                 to
                 their
                 Liberty
                 .
                 But
                 being
                 in
                 great
                 want
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 knew
                 not
                 how
                 to
                 pay
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 he
                 order'd
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 commanded
                 by
                 Expert
                 Officers
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 Incursions
                 into
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Territories
                 .
                 These
                 
                 harrass'd
                 the
                 Country
                 far
                 and
                 near
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 together
                 abundance
                 of
                 rich
                 Plunder
                 and
                 Spoil
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 it
                 to
                 Timoleon
                 ,
                 who
                 expos'd
                 all
                 to
                 publick
                 Sale
                 ,
                 and
                 rais'd
                 a
                 vast
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 paid
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 before-hand
                 .
                 Presently
                 after
                 he
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 Entella
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 Fifteen
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 who
                 adher'd
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 their
                 Liberties
                 .
                 Timoleon
                 growing
                 every
                 Day
                 in
                 Reputation
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 and
                 Conduct
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 through
                 Sicily
                 readily
                 submitted
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 as
                 readily
                 set
                 them
                 at
                 Liberty
                 to
                 govern
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 .
                 Many
                 Cities
                 likewise
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Sicani
                   ,
                   Sicilians
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Countries
                 subject
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 sent
                 presently
                 their
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 be
                 receiv'd
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 his
                 Confederates
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Senate
                 and
                 People
                 of
                 Carthage
                 perceiving
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Officers
                 were
                 sluggish
                 and
                 unactive
                 in
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 determin'd
                 to
                 send
                 over
                 others
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Additional
                 Force
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 Dispatch
                 ,
                 they
                 rais'd
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 among
                 the
                 Africans
                 ,
                 all
                 such
                 as
                 they
                 judg'd
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 Arms
                 for
                 this
                 Expedition
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 they
                 took
                 care
                 to
                 be
                 provided
                 with
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Stock
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 listed
                 Mercenaries
                 out
                 of
                 
                   Spain
                   ,
                   Gaul
                
                 ,
                 and
                 *
                 Ligurla
                 .
                 They
                 fitted
                 out
                 likewise
                 a
                 great
                 Navy
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 †
                 Long
                 Ships
                 and
                 others
                 ,
                 for
                 carrying
                 Provision
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 Respects
                 were
                 so
                 careful
                 and
                 diligent
                 ,
                 that
                 nothing
                 was
                 wanting
                 that
                 was
                 necessary
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 Nichomachus
                 was
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Martius
                
                 and
                 
                   Titus
                   Manlius
                   Torquatus
                
                 were
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 Phocion
                 the
                 Athenian
                 subdu'd
                 and
                 expuls'd
                 Clitarchus
                 Prince
                 of
                 *
                 Eretria
                 ,
                 whom
                 Philip
                 had
                 set
                 over
                 that
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Caria
                 †
                 ,
                 Pexodorus
                 ,
                 the
                 youngest
                 Brother
                 ,
                 expell'd
                 Adam
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Principality
                 ,
                 and
                 reign'd
                 Five
                 Years
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Expedition
                 into
                 Asia
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 Philip
                 still
                 encreasing
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 against
                 *
                 Perinthus
                 ,
                 which
                 favour'd
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 obstructed
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Designs
                 .
                 He
                 push'd
                 on
                 the
                 Siege
                 therefore
                 with
                 all
                 Eagerness
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 incessantly
                 batter'd
                 the
                 Walls
                 with
                 his
                 Engines
                 ,
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 relieving
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 tir'd
                 with
                 fresh
                 Men
                 :
                 He
                 made
                 likewise
                 Approaches
                 with
                 Towers
                 of
                 Fourscore
                 Cubits
                 high
                 ,
                 mounting
                 much
                 above
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 whereby
                 he
                 greatly
                 annoy'd
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 ,
                 being
                 so
                 high
                 above
                 them
                 :
                 He
                 so
                 ply'd
                 them
                 likewise
                 with
                 his
                 Battering
                 Rams
                 ,
                 and
                 undermin'd
                 the
                 Foundations
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 tumbled
                 down
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Perinthians
                 defended
                 themselves
                 with
                 that
                 Valour
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 speedily
                 rais'd
                 up
                 a
                 new
                 Wall
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 there
                 were
                 such
                 Disputes
                 and
                 *
                 Fighting
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 to
                 gain
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 admir'd
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 while
                 they
                 were
                 thus
                 eagerly
                 contending
                 on
                 both
                 Sides
                 ,
                 Philip
                 being
                 well
                 furnished
                 with
                 *
                 Shot
                 ,
                 mightily
                 gall'd
                 them
                 upon
                 the
                 Wall.
                 But
                 the
                 Perinthians
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 lost
                 many
                 Men
                 every
                 Day
                 ,
                 were
                 reinforc'd
                 with
                 Supplies
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 Darts
                 ,
                 and
                 Shot
                 ,
                 from
                 Byzantium
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 hereby
                 becoming
                 of
                 equal
                 Force
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 they
                 took
                 Courage
                 ,
                 and
                 valiantly
                 stood
                 to
                 it
                 for
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 However
                 the
                 King
                 remitted
                 nothing
                 of
                 his
                 former
                 Heat
                 and
                 Diligence
                 ;
                 and
                 dividing
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 several
                 Battalions
                 ,
                 girt
                 the
                 City
                 round
                 ,
                 and
                 relieving
                 his
                 Men
                 by
                 Turns
                 ,
                 assaulted
                 the
                 Walls
                 continually
                 Night
                 and
                 Day
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 vast
                 Multitude
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 Engines
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 Battery
                 and
                 other
                 Purposes
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Besieged
                 were
                 very
                 sorely
                 press'd
                 .
                 The
                 Siege
                 having
                 now
                 continued
                 long
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Townsmen
                 killed
                 and
                 wounded
                 ,
                 and
                 Provision
                 growing
                 scanty
                 ,
                 the
                 Town
                 was
                 upon
                 the
                 Point
                 of
                 being
                 surrender'd
                 ;
                 when
                 Fortune
                 favouring
                 the
                 Distress'd
                 ,
                 handed
                 to
                 them
                 an
                 unexpected
                 Deliverance
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 growing
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 being
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 throughout
                 Asia
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 who
                 now
                 began
                 to
                 suspect
                 the
                 Greatness
                 of
                 Philip
                 ,
                 commanded
                 by
                 his
                 Letters
                 the
                 Lords
                 Lieutenants
                 of
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 Perinthians
                 with
                 what
                 Forces
                 they
                 could
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 unanimously
                 sent
                 to
                 Perinthus
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 Mercenary
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 Plenty
                 of
                 Coin
                 ,
                 sufficient
                 Provision
                 ,
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Things
                 necessary
                 for
                 War.
                 The
                 Bizantians
                 likewise
                 sent
                 thither
                 a
                 Commander
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 their
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 The
                 Forces
                 now
                 equal
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 War
                 reviv'd
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 now
                 again
                 so
                 sharp
                 an
                 Encounter
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 gain
                 and
                 defend
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 none
                 could
                 possibly
                 exceed
                 :
                 For
                 Philip
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 continual
                 Batteries
                 of
                 the
                 Rams
                 ,
                 brought
                 down
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 Shot
                 forc'd
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 from
                 the
                 Bu●warks
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 made
                 his
                 way
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 through
                 the
                 Ruins
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 and
                 scal'd
                 the
                 Bulwarks
                 that
                 were
                 before
                 clear'd
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 should
                 have
                 defended
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 matter
                 being
                 disputed
                 hand
                 to
                 hand
                 at
                 the
                 Swords
                 point
                 ,
                 Death
                 and
                 Wounds
                 follow'd
                 ,
                 inasmuch
                 as
                 the
                 Rewards
                 of
                 Victory
                 put
                 Life
                 into
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 both
                 Parties
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 being
                 assur'd
                 they
                 should
                 have
                 the
                 Plunder
                 of
                 a
                 rich
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 be
                 honourably
                 rewarded
                 by
                 Philip
                 ,
                 were
                 resolv'd
                 valiantly
                 to
                 undergo
                 all
                 Hardships
                 whatsoever
                 .
                 The
                 Besieged
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 having
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 before
                 their
                 Eyes
                 the
                 
                 Miseries
                 attending
                 a
                 Place
                 taken
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 with
                 generous
                 and
                 undaunted
                 Resolutions
                 ,
                 shunn'd
                 nothing
                 of
                 Hazard
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 own
                 and
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 The
                 Situation
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 contributed
                 much
                 all
                 along
                 to
                 the
                 Besieged
                 for
                 the
                 Batteling
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 For
                 Perinthus
                 is
                 situated
                 on
                 the
                 Sea-side
                 ,
                 upon
                 a
                 rising
                 Neck
                 of
                 Land
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Peninsula
                 stretch'd
                 out
                 a
                 Furlong
                 in
                 length
                 :
                 The
                 Houses
                 are
                 close
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 high
                 ;
                 for
                 one
                 stands
                 above
                 another
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Ascent
                 of
                 the
                 Hill
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Form
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 represents
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 a
                 Theatre
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 though
                 a
                 large
                 Breach
                 was
                 made
                 in
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 within
                 were
                 but
                 little
                 prejudic'd
                 thereby
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 strait
                 and
                 narrow
                 Passage
                 being
                 barricado'd
                 ,
                 the
                 higher
                 Houses
                 were
                 instead
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 advantageous
                 as
                 a
                 Wall.
                 Philip
                 therefore
                 having
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 after
                 much
                 Toil
                 and
                 Hazard
                 ,
                 found
                 another
                 far
                 stronger
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 Situation
                 of
                 the
                 Houses
                 :
                 And
                 besides
                 all
                 these
                 Disadvantages
                 ,
                 he
                 saw
                 that
                 every
                 thing
                 necessary
                 for
                 War
                 was
                 readily
                 and
                 in
                 great
                 abundance
                 sent
                 to
                 them
                 from
                 Byzantium
                 ;
                 therefore
                 he
                 divided
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 two
                 Bodies
                 ;
                 the
                 one
                 half
                 he
                 left
                 with
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 his
                 Commanders
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 he
                 marches
                 speedily
                 away
                 to
                 Byzantium
                 ,
                 and
                 lays
                 close
                 Siege
                 to
                 it
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 .
                 Upon
                 whick
                 ,
                 the
                 Townsmen
                 were
                 put
                 into
                 great
                 fear
                 and
                 perplexity
                 ,
                 having
                 before
                 sent
                 away
                 their
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 War
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Perinthians
                 .
                 These
                 were
                 the
                 things
                 done
                 at
                 Perinthus
                 and
                 Byzantium
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
                 Here
                 Ephorus
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Writers
                 ,
                 ends
                 his
                 History
                 with
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Perinthus
                 .
                 In
                 his
                 Memoirs
                 he
                 comprehends
                 the
                 Affairs
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 and
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 return
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Heraclide
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 almost
                 Seven
                 hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 Years
                 ;
                 and
                 divides
                 his
                 History
                 into
                 Thirty
                 Books
                 ,
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 adjoins
                 a
                 Preface
                 .
                 Diyllus
                 the
                 Athenian
                 continues
                 this
                 History
                 of
                 Ephorus
                 ,
                 treating
                 of
                 the
                 Actions
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 and
                 Barbarians
                 to
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Philip.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XIII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Athenians
                   aid
                   
                     Byzantium
                     .
                     Philip
                  
                   raises
                   the
                   Siege
                   .
                   The
                   Carthaginians
                   transport
                   Forces
                   into
                   Sicily
                   .
                   The
                   remarkable
                   Victory
                   of
                   Timoleon
                   over
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   .
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Timoleon
                   in
                   Sicily
                   .
                   The
                   Works
                   of
                   Hiero
                   in
                   Sicily
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHen
                 Theophrastus
                 was
                 Lord
                 Cancellor
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Valerius
                
                 and
                 
                   Aulus
                   Cornelius
                   Roman
                
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 The
                 hundred
                 and
                 tenth
                 Olympiad
                 began
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Anticles
                 
                 the
                 Athenian
                 was
                 Victor
                 .
                 Philip
                 then
                 besieging
                 Byzantium
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 judging
                 he
                 had
                 broken
                 the
                 Peace
                 they
                 had
                 made
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 fitted
                 out
                 a
                 great
                 Fleet
                 against
                 him
                 in
                 aid
                 of
                 the
                 Byzantians
                 ;
                 whose
                 Example
                 they
                 of
                 
                   Chius
                   ,
                   Coos
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Gracians
                 follow'd
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 Auxiliaries
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 Place
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 Philip
                 being
                 startled
                 at
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 both
                 his
                 Sieges
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 Arms
                 against
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 after
                 their
                 great
                 Preparations
                 ,
                 transport
                 their
                 Forces
                 into
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 which
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 before
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 amounted
                 to
                 Seventy
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ;
                 and
                 Horse
                 ,
                 Chariots
                 ,
                 and
                 Waggons
                 ,
                 no
                 fewer
                 than
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 .
                 They
                 had
                 also
                 a
                 Navy
                 of
                 Two
                 hundred
                 *
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 ;
                 and
                 Transport-Ships
                 for
                 the
                 conveying
                 of
                 Horses
                 ,
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 Provision
                 above
                 a
                 Thousand
                 .
                 Timoleon
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 inform'd
                 of
                 this
                 great
                 Preparation
                 ,
                 yet
                 was
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 afrighted
                 with
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 tho'
                 his
                 Army
                 was
                 but
                 small
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 engag'd
                 still
                 in
                 War
                 with
                 Hicetas
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 length
                 agreed
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 accession
                 of
                 his
                 Forces
                 greatly
                 increas'd
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 he
                 judg'd
                 it
                 most
                 for
                 his
                 advantage
                 to
                 transfer
                 the
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Territory
                 ;
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 to
                 preserve
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 his
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 by
                 Waste
                 and
                 Spoil
                 to
                 weaken
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 he
                 forthwith
                 muster'd
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 consisting
                 of
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Confederates
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 General
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 pithy
                 Oration
                 ,
                 advis'd
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 Courageous
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 all
                 now
                 lay
                 at
                 stake
                 :
                 Which
                 was
                 receiv'd
                 with
                 general
                 Acclamation
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 prest
                 him
                 without
                 delay
                 to
                 be
                 led
                 forth
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 he
                 advanc'd
                 ,
                 not
                 having
                 with
                 him
                 above
                 Twelve
                 thousand
                 Men
                 :
                 But
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 Confines
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 ,
                 there
                 arose
                 a
                 sudden
                 Mutiny
                 in
                 his
                 Camp
                 ;
                 for
                 a
                 Mercenary
                 Soldier
                 ,
                 call'd
                 
                 Thracius
                 ,
                 a
                 bold
                 and
                 impudent
                 Fellow
                 ,
                 none
                 exceeding
                 him
                 in
                 that
                 respect
                 (
                 lately
                 a
                 Companion
                 of
                 those
                 Phocians
                 who
                 robb'd
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Delphos
                 )
                 committed
                 a
                 Fact
                 agreeable
                 to
                 his
                 former
                 Villanies
                 :
                 For
                 whereas
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 who
                 had
                 an
                 hand
                 in
                 that
                 Sacrilege
                 were
                 overtaken
                 by
                 Divine
                 Vengeance
                 (
                 as
                 before
                 related
                 )
                 this
                 only
                 Fellow
                 seem'd
                 to
                 have
                 
                 escap'd
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 persuade
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 to
                 a
                 Defection
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 bawl'd
                 it
                 out
                 that
                 Timoleon
                 was
                 craz'd
                 and
                 distracted
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 leading
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 certain
                 and
                 unavoidable
                 Destruction
                 :
                 The
                 Number
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Army
                 (
                 he
                 said
                 )
                 was
                 six
                 times
                 more
                 than
                 they
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 well
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 War
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 could
                 compare
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 yet
                 he
                 assur'd
                 them
                 of
                 Victory
                 ,
                 playing
                 away
                 the
                 Lives
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 at
                 Dice
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 pay
                 them
                 their
                 Arrears
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 been
                 advancing
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 together
                 :
                 He
                 persuaded
                 them
                 therefore
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 demand
                 their
                 Pay
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 follow
                 Timoleon
                 in
                 that
                 desperate
                 Expedition
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Discourse
                 was
                 not
                 unpleasant
                 to
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 ;
                 and
                 while
                 they
                 were
                 just
                 ready
                 to
                 revolt
                 ,
                 Timoleon
                 ,
                 by
                 Intreaties
                 and
                 large
                 Promises
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 prevail'd
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 Mutiny
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 follow'd
                 Thracius
                 ,
                 whose
                 Punishment
                 was
                 deferr'd
                 
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Timoleon
                 writ
                 to
                 his
                 Friends
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 to
                 receive
                 the
                 Deserters
                 courteously
                 ,
                 and
                 pay
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 their
                 Wages
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 he
                 altogether
                 extinguish'd
                 the
                 Fire
                 of
                 Sedition
                 ;
                 but
                 excluded
                 those
                 obstinate
                 Mutineers
                 from
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 a
                 famous
                 Victory
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 having
                 with
                 fair
                 Words
                 reduc'd
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 Obedience
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 towards
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 which
                 lay
                 encamp'd
                 not
                 far
                 off
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 call'd
                 the
                 Army
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 encourag'd
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Battel
                 ,
                 by
                 setting
                 forth
                 and
                 aggravating
                 the
                 Sloth
                 and
                 Cowardize
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 putting
                 them
                 in
                 mind
                 of
                 the
                 Successes
                 of
                 Gelon
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 all
                 with
                 one
                 Voice
                 cry'd
                 out
                 for
                 Fighting
                 without
                 delay
                 with
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 at
                 that
                 very
                 time
                 pass'd
                 by
                 some
                 Carriage-Horses
                 loaden
                 with
                 Bundles
                 of
                 Persley
                 to
                 strew
                 in
                 the
                 Tents
                 .
                 Timoleon
                 thereupon
                 declar'd
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 an
                 Omen
                 of
                 Victory
                 ;
                 for
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 said
                 )
                 the
                 Crown
                 at
                 the
                 *
                 Istmian
                 Games
                 was
                 made
                 up
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Herb.
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Timoleon
                 ,
                 made
                 themselves
                 Crowns
                 of
                 Parsley
                 ;
                 and
                 with
                 these
                 round
                 their
                 Heads
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 Joy
                 march'd
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 the
                 Gods
                 had
                 assur'd
                 them
                 of
                 certain
                 Victory
                 ;
                 as
                 by
                 the
                 Issue
                 it
                 appear'd
                 so
                 to
                 be
                 :
                 For
                 beyond
                 all
                 expectation
                 they
                 overcame
                 their
                 Adversaries
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Valour
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 special
                 Help
                 and
                 Assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 For
                 Timoleon
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 well-appointed
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 march'd
                 down
                 from
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 certain
                 Hills
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 ;
                 and
                 upon
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 being
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 ,
                 attack'd
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 that
                 were
                 but
                 newly
                 pass'd
                 over
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 sharp
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Valour
                 and
                 Activity
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 so
                 far
                 prevail'd
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 mighty
                 Slaughter
                 was
                 made
                 among
                 
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 .
                 Whilst
                 those
                 that
                 first
                 pass'd
                 over
                 took
                 their
                 Heels
                 and
                 fled
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Carthaginian
                 Army
                 came
                 over
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 repair
                 their
                 Loss
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 
                 Battel
                 was
                 renew'd
                 ;
                 and
                 while
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 were
                 with
                 their
                 Multitude
                 hemming
                 in
                 the
                 Grecians
                 round
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 there
                 arose
                 such
                 a
                 violent
                 Storm
                 of
                 Hail
                 ,
                 Thunder
                 ,
                 and
                 Lightning
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 raging
                 Tempest
                 of
                 furious
                 Winds
                 ,
                 which
                 beat
                 upon
                 the
                 Backs
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 but
                 fell
                 foul
                 upon
                 the
                 Face
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 
                 Timoleon's
                 Army
                 with
                 ease
                 endur'd
                 this
                 tempestuous
                 Shock
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 pressure
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Adversaries
                 ,
                 being
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 hewn
                 down
                 by
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 quit
                 the
                 Field
                 and
                 fled
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 where
                 both
                 Foot
                 ,
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 Chariots
                 were
                 in
                 that
                 confusion
                 mix'd
                 one
                 amongst
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 trodden
                 under-foot
                 one
                 by
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 pierc'd
                 through
                 their
                 Bodies
                 by
                 one
                 another's
                 Swords
                 and
                 Spears
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 a
                 miserable
                 Slaughterwas
                 made
                 without
                 all
                 possibility
                 of
                 Relief
                 .
                 Others
                 being
                 forc'd
                 in
                 heaps
                 into
                 the
                 River
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 pursu'd
                 close
                 at
                 their
                 backs
                 ,
                 after
                 receiving
                 many
                 Wounds
                 ,
                 there
                 perish'd
                 .
                 And
                 many
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 never
                 toutch'd
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Sword
                 ;
                 yet
                 through
                 Fear
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Throng
                 and
                 Difficulties
                 of
                 passage
                 over
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 being
                 press'd
                 ,
                 in
                 heaps
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 ,
                 there
                 breath'd
                 out
                 their
                 last
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 contributed
                 no
                 little
                 to
                 the
                 common
                 Destruction
                 ,
                 the
                 River
                 was
                 swollen
                 to
                 that
                 excessive
                 heighth
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 (
                 especially
                 such
                 as
                 attempted
                 to
                 swim
                 over
                 the
                 Water
                 with
                 their
                 Arms
                 )
                 were
                 drown'd
                 .
                 In
                 conclusion
                 ,
                 Two
                 thousand
                 and
                 five
                 hundred
                 ,
                 who
                 made
                 up
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Brigade
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 Valour
                 
                 and
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 greatness
                 of
                 their
                 Estates
                 ,
                 excell'd
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 fought
                 valiantly
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 cut
                 off
                 every
                 Man.
                 Of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 common
                 Soldiers
                 there
                 were
                 slain
                 at
                 least
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 Fifteen
                 thousand
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 .
                 Many
                 of
                 the
                 Chariots
                 being
                 broken
                 in
                 pieces
                 in
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 only
                 Two
                 hundred
                 fell
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ;
                 but
                 all
                 the
                 Bag
                 and
                 Baggage
                 .
                 The
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Arms
                 were
                 lost
                 in
                 the
                 River
                 :
                 But
                 a
                 Thousand
                 *
                 Brigandines
                 and
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Shields
                 were
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 Tent
                 of
                 Timoleon
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 some
                 were
                 hung
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Temples
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 distributed
                 among
                 the
                 Confederates
                 ;
                 others
                 were
                 sent
                 to
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 to
                 be
                 dedicated
                 to
                 Neptune
                 .
                 And
                 although
                 very
                 rich
                 Spoils
                 were
                 taken
                 (
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 abounded
                 in
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ,
                 *
                 Plate
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Furniture
                 of
                 great
                 value
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 
                 the
                 Grandeur
                 and
                 Riches
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 )
                 yet
                 he
                 gave
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Reward
                 of
                 their
                 Valour
                 .
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 that
                 escap'd
                 ,
                 with
                 much
                 ado
                 got
                 to
                 Lilibeum
                 ,
                 in
                 such
                 Fear
                 and
                 Consternation
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 durst
                 not
                 go
                 on
                 board
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 Africa
                 ;
                 as
                 if
                 through
                 the
                 Anger
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 swallow'd
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 Libean
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 News
                 of
                 this
                 Overthrow
                 was
                 brought
                 to
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 their
                 Spirits
                 were
                 mightily
                 broken
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 expected
                 that
                 Timoleon
                 would
                 invade
                 them
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 upon
                 the
                 first
                 Opportunity
                 :
                 Therefore
                 they
                 forthwith
                 recall'd
                 Gescon
                 ,
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Hanno
                 ,
                 from
                 his
                 Banishment
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 a
                 stout
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 experienc'd
                 Soldier
                 ,
                 created
                 him
                 General
                 .
                 But
                 looking
                 upon
                 it
                 not
                 Adviseable
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 to
                 venture
                 the
                 Lives
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 they
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 hire
                 Soldiers
                 out
                 of
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 from
                 among
                 the
                 Graecians
                 ,
                 not
                 doubting
                 but
                 that
                 many
                 would
                 List
                 themselves
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 large
                 Pay
                 promis'd
                 by
                 the
                 rich
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 They
                 sent
                 likewise
                 Ambassadors
                 into
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 strike
                 up
                 a
                 Peace
                 upon
                 any
                 Terms
                 whatsoever
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 Lysimachides
                 was
                 created
                 chief
                 Governor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Quintus
                   Servilius
                
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Rutilius
                
                 bore
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 Then
                 Timoleon
                 ,
                 
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 return'd
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 expell'd
                 those
                 as
                 Traytors
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 deserted
                 him
                 through
                 the
                 Instigation
                 of
                 Thracius
                 .
                 These
                 being
                 transported
                 into
                 Italy
                 ,
                 they
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 a
                 Sea-Port
                 Town
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Brettians
                 ,
                 and
                 plunder'd
                 it
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Brutians
                 were
                 so
                 enrag'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 forthwith
                 came
                 against
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 took
                 the
                 Town
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 every
                 Man
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Sword.
                 And
                 such
                 was
                 the
                 miserable
                 End
                 of
                 these
                 Deserters
                 of
                 Timoleon
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 just
                 Punishment
                 of
                 their
                 former
                 Villany
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 took
                 Posthumius
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 him
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 infested
                 the
                 Seas
                 with
                 his
                 Piracies
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 into
                 the
                 Port
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 as
                 a
                 Friend
                 .
                 He
                 receiv'd
                 likewise
                 with
                 all
                 Demonstrations
                 of
                 Kindness
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Persons
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 had
                 sent
                 over
                 to
                 plant
                 new
                 Colonies
                 .
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 now
                 by
                 their
                 Ambassadors
                 having
                 earnestly
                 su'd
                 to
                 him
                 for
                 Peace
                 ,
                 he
                 granted
                 it
                 to
                 them
                 upon
                 these
                 Terms
                 ;
                 
                   That
                   all
                   the
                
                 Greek
                 
                   Cities
                   should
                   be
                   set
                   free
                   ;
                   That
                   the
                   River
                
                 Lycus
                 
                   should
                   be
                   the
                   Bound
                   between
                   the
                   Territories
                   of
                   both
                   Parties
                   ;
                   and
                   ,
                   That
                   the
                
                 Carthaginians
                 
                   should
                   not
                   for
                   the
                   future
                   assist
                   any
                   of
                   the
                   Tyrants
                   against
                   the
                
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 Having
                 afterwards
                 subdu'd
                 Hicetas
                 ,
                 he
                 order'd
                 him
                 an
                 Honourable
                 Burial
                 ;
                 and
                 took
                 Aetna
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 all
                 the
                 Campanians
                 to
                 the
                 Sword.
                 And
                 he
                 so
                 terrifi'd
                 Nichodemus
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 the
                 Centorippians
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 forc'd
                 Apoilonides
                 ,
                 who
                 Lorded
                 it
                 over
                 them
                 of
                 Agyra
                 ,
                 to
                 Abdicate
                 
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 thus
                 freed
                 ,
                 he
                 inroll'd
                 them
                 as
                 Citizens
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 .
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 having
                 rooted
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 throughout
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 freed
                 the
                 Cities
                 from
                 their
                 Oppression
                 ,
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 them
                 all
                 into
                 his
                 Protection
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 became
                 his
                 Confederates
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 caus'd
                 Proclamation
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 throughout
                 all
                 Greece
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Senate
                 and
                 People
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 offer'd
                 Houses
                 and
                 Lands
                 to
                 all
                 who
                 were
                 willing
                 to
                 be
                 Members
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 many
                 came
                 flocking
                 over
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Possession
                 of
                 a
                 new
                 Inheritance
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 Forty
                 Thousand
                 new
                 Planters
                 had
                 their
                 Shares
                 by
                 Lot
                 in
                 those
                 Lands
                 that
                 yet
                 remained
                 undivided
                 within
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ;
                 and
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 were
                 allotted
                 to
                 Agyra
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 very
                 large
                 and
                 pleasant
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 Not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 he
                 caus'd
                 all
                 the
                 ancient
                 Laws
                 of
                 Diocles
                 for
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 review'd
                 ,
                 and
                 amended
                 .
                 Such
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 as
                 concern'd
                 private
                 Commerce
                 and
                 Inheritances
                 he
                 alter'd
                 not
                 ;
                 but
                 those
                 that
                 related
                 to
                 the
                 Administration
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 he
                 amended
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 most
                 expedient
                 .
                 Cephalus
                 a
                 Corinthian
                 ,
                 a
                 Learned
                 and
                 Prudent
                 Man
                 ,
                 was
                 chiefly
                 concerned
                 in
                 this
                 Emendation
                 and
                 Correction
                 of
                 the
                 Laws
                 .
                 When
                 this
                 Business
                 was
                 finish'd
                 ,
                 he
                 translated
                 the
                 Leontines
                 into
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 greatly
                 enlarg'd
                 Camarina
                 with
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 sum
                 up
                 all
                 ,
                 he
                 brought
                 Things
                 to
                 that
                 pass
                 throughout
                 all
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 (
                 now
                 through
                 his
                 Care
                 in
                 perfect
                 Peace
                 and
                 Tranquility
                 ,
                 )
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 Cities
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 short
                 time
                 abounded
                 in
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 Earthly
                 Blessings
                 .
                 For
                 through
                 the
                 Seditions
                 and
                 Intestine
                 Wars
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 Sicily
                 labour'd
                 under
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 together
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 the
                 many
                 Tyrants
                 that
                 set
                 up
                 for
                 themselves
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 brought
                 to
                 that
                 miserable
                 Condition
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 
                 Cities
                 were
                 depopulated
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Lands
                 lay
                 wast
                 and
                 untill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 Crops
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 for
                 the
                 Supply
                 of
                 Daily
                 Food
                 .
                 But
                 now
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 Plantations
                 of
                 Colonies
                 bless'd
                 with
                 a
                 constant
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Land
                 was
                 every
                 where
                 manur'd
                 and
                 improv'd
                 by
                 the
                 Labour
                 of
                 the
                 Husbandman
                 ,
                 it
                 began
                 to
                 yield
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruits
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 vented
                 (
                 with
                 great
                 Advantage
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 grew
                 exceeding
                 rich
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 short
                 time
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 abundance
                 of
                 Wealth
                 occasion'd
                 in
                 that
                 Age
                 many
                 stately
                 
                 Structures
                 to
                 be
                 erected
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 in
                 Honour
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 As
                 one
                 among
                 the
                 rest
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 called
                 
                   The
                   House
                   of
                   Sixty
                   Beds
                
                 ,
                 built
                 by
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 for
                 Greatness
                 
                 and
                 Beauty
                 excelling
                 all
                 the
                 Works
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 in
                 Contempt
                 )
                 it
                 overtop'd
                 all
                 the
                 Temples
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 a
                 manifest
                 Indication
                 of
                 their
                 Anger
                 ,
                 )
                 it
                 was
                 beaten
                 down
                 by
                 a
                 Thunderbolt
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 lesser
                 Haven
                 likewise
                 there
                 were
                 Towers
                 built
                 of
                 Outlandish
                 Stone
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 were
                 Inscriptions
                 cut
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 who
                 rais'd
                 them
                 .
                 Besides
                 these
                 ,
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 were
                 built
                 by
                 Hiero
                 the
                 King
                 an
                 *
                 Olympus
                 in
                 the
                 Market-place
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Altar
                 near
                 the
                 Theatre
                 a
                 Furlong
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 height
                 and
                 breadth
                 proportionably
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 lesser
                 Cities
                 likewise
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 Agyra
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Richness
                 of
                 the
                 Soil
                 as
                 aforesaid
                 received
                 new
                 Colonies
                 ,
                 )
                 *
                 he
                 built
                 a
                 Theatre
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 most
                 Glorious
                 of
                 any
                 in
                 Sicily
                 next
                 to
                 that
                 at
                 
                   Syracuse
                   ,
                
                 )
                 and
                 erected
                 Temples
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 built
                 a
                 Court
                 ,
                 a
                 Market-place
                 ,
                 and
                 stately
                 Towers
                 ,
                 and
                 rais'd
                 over
                 the
                 Tombs
                 and
                 Monuments
                 many
                 large
                 Pyramids
                 of
                 admirable
                 Workmanship
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XIV
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Elatea
                   taken
                   by
                   Philip.
                   Great
                   Consternations
                   in
                   Athens
                   for
                   fear
                   of
                   Philip.
                   The
                   Boeotians
                   join
                   with
                   the
                   Athenians
                   through
                   the
                   Sollicitation
                   of
                   
                     Demosthenes
                     .
                     Python
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   famous
                   Orator
                   .
                   The
                   Battel
                   at
                   Cheronaea
                   between
                   Philip
                   and
                   the
                   
                     Athenians
                     .
                     Lycides
                  
                   the
                   Athenian
                   General
                   put
                   to
                   Death
                   .
                   Philip
                   rebuk'd
                   by
                   Demades
                   ,
                   made
                   General
                   of
                   
                     Greece
                     .
                     Timoleon
                  
                   dies
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHEN
                 Charondas
                 executed
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 Lucius
                 
                 Aemilius
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Plotius
                
                 were
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 Philip
                 King
                 of
                 Macedon
                 being
                 in
                 Amity
                 with
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Graecians
                 ,
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 chief
                 Business
                 to
                 bring
                 under
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 thereby
                 with
                 more
                 ease
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 Greece
                 .
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 he
                 presently
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 Elatea
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 thither
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Design
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 hoping
                 easily
                 to
                 overcome
                 them
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 conceiv'd
                 )
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 War
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Peace
                 lately
                 made
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 which
                 fell
                 out
                 accordingly
                 .
                 For
                 after
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 Elatea
                 ,
                 some
                 hasted
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 informing
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 Elatea
                 was
                 taken
                 by
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Philip
                 was
                 designing
                 to
                 invade
                 Attica
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 .
                 The
                 Athenian
                 Commanders
                 surpriz'd
                 with
                 the
                 Suddenness
                 of
                 the
                 Thing
                 ,
                 sent
                 for
                 all
                 the
                 Trumpeters
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 an
                 Alarm
                 to
                 be
                 sounded
                 all
                 Night
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Report
                 flew
                 through
                 all
                 the
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 Fear
                 rouz'd
                 up
                 the
                 Courage
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 Day
                 appear'd
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Summons
                 from
                 the
                 Magistrate
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Custom
                 was
                 )
                 all
                 flock'd
                 to
                 the
                 Theatre
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 Place
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Commanders
                 came
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Messenger
                 that
                 brought
                 the
                 News
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 declar'd
                 to
                 them
                 the
                 Business
                 ,
                 Fear
                 and
                 Silence
                 fill'd
                 the
                 Theatre
                 ,
                 and
                 none
                 who
                 were
                 us'd
                 to
                 influence
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 had
                 a
                 Heart
                 to
                 give
                 any
                 Advice
                 .
                 And
                 although
                 a
                 Crier
                 call'd
                 out
                 to
                 such
                 as
                 ought
                 to
                 declare
                 their
                 Minds
                 ,
                 what
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 their
                 Common
                 Security
                 ,
                 yet
                 none
                 appear'd
                 who
                 offer'd
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 Advice
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Exigency
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 therefore
                 in
                 great
                 Terror
                 and
                 Amazement
                 cast
                 their
                 Eyes
                 upon
                 Demosthenes
                 ,
                 who
                 stood
                 up
                 and
                 bid
                 them
                 be
                 Couragious
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 advis'd
                 them
                 forthwith
                 to
                 send
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 to
                 Treat
                 with
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 Defence
                 of
                 the
                 Common
                 Liberty
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 shortness
                 of
                 Time
                 (
                 he
                 
                 said
                 )
                 would
                 not
                 admit
                 of
                 an
                 Embassy
                 of
                 Aid
                 from
                 the
                 other
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 would
                 probably
                 invade
                 Attica
                 within
                 Two
                 Days
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 that
                 he
                 must
                 march
                 through
                 Boeotia
                 ,
                 the
                 main
                 and
                 only
                 Assistance
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 expected
                 from
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 doubted
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 Philip
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 in
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 ,
                 would
                 in
                 his
                 March
                 sollicit
                 them
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 approv'd
                 of
                 his
                 Advice
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Decree
                 was
                 forthwith
                 Recorded
                 ,
                 that
                 an
                 Embassy
                 should
                 be
                 dispatch'd
                 as
                 Demosthenes
                 had
                 advis'd
                 .
                 But
                 then
                 it
                 was
                 debated
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 Eloquent
                 Person
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 most
                 fit
                 to
                 undertake
                 this
                 Affair
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 Demosthenes
                 being
                 pitch'd
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Man
                 ,
                 he
                 readily
                 comply'd
                 ;
                 forthwith
                 hasted
                 away
                 ,
                 prevails
                 with
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 returns
                 to
                 Athens
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 therefore
                 having
                 now
                 doubled
                 their
                 Forces
                 by
                 the
                 Accession
                 of
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 ,
                 began
                 again
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 good
                 Heart
                 ;
                 and
                 presently
                 made
                 Charetes
                 and
                 Physicles
                 Generals
                 ,
                 with
                 Command
                 to
                 march
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 into
                 Boeotia
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 Youth
                 readily
                 offer'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 be
                 Listed
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Army
                 with
                 a
                 swift
                 
                 March
                 came
                 suddenly
                 to
                 Cheronaea
                 in
                 Boeotia
                 .
                 The
                 Boeotians
                 wondred
                 at
                 the
                 quickness
                 of
                 their
                 Approach
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 thereupon
                 as
                 diligent
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 hasting
                 to
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 march'd
                 away
                 to
                 meet
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 joined
                 ,
                 they
                 there
                 expected
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 Philip
                 indeed
                 had
                 first
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 the
                 Council
                 of
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 was
                 Python
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 Eminent
                 for
                 Eloquence
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Senate
                 he
                 was
                 set
                 up
                 to
                 encounter
                 Demosthenes
                 in
                 the
                 Business
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Confederacy
                 ,
                 excelling
                 
                 indeed
                 the
                 rest
                 by
                 far
                 ,
                 but
                 judged
                 inferior
                 to
                 
                   Demosthenes
                   .
                   Demosthenes
                
                 himself
                 ,
                 in
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Orations
                 ,
                 glories
                 (
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 some
                 mighty
                 Thing
                 )
                 in
                 a
                 Speech
                 of
                 his
                 against
                 
                 this
                 Orator
                 ,
                 in
                 these
                 Words
                 :
                 
                   Then
                   I
                   yielded
                   not
                   a
                   jot
                   to
                   Python
                   ,
                   strutting
                   in
                   his
                   Confidence
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   he
                   would
                   have
                   overwhelm'd
                   me
                   with●a
                   Torrent
                   of
                   Words
                   .
                
                 However
                 ,
                 though
                 Philip
                 could
                 not
                 prevail
                 with
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 fight
                 with
                 them
                 both
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 ,
                 (
                 after
                 a
                 stay
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 for
                 those
                 Forces
                 that
                 were
                 to
                 join
                 him
                 ,
                 )
                 he
                 march'd
                 into
                 Boeotia
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 at
                 least
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 Both
                 Armies
                 were
                 now
                 ready
                 to
                 ingage
                 ,
                 for
                 Courage
                 and
                 Valour
                 neither
                 giving
                 Place
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 to
                 Number
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 Skill
                 in
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 far
                 Superior
                 .
                 For
                 having
                 fought
                 very
                 many
                 Battels
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 coming
                 off
                 a
                 Conqueror
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 gain'd
                 much
                 Experience
                 in
                 Matters
                 of
                 War
                 ;
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 
                   Iphicrates
                   ,
                   Chabrius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Timotheus
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 Athenians
                 best
                 Commanders
                 )
                 were
                 now
                 dead
                 ;
                 and
                 Chares
                 ,
                 the
                 chief
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 ,
                 differ'd
                 but
                 little
                 from
                 a
                 common
                 Soldier
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Conduct
                 of
                 a
                 General
                 .
                 About
                 Sun-rising
                 the
                 Armies
                 on
                 both
                 Sides
                 drew
                 up
                 in
                 Battalia
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 order'd
                 his
                 
                 Son
                 Alexander
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 newly
                 come
                 to
                 Man's
                 Estate
                 ;
                 and
                 had
                 even
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 given
                 evident
                 Demonstrations
                 of
                 his
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Sprightliness
                 of
                 his
                 Spirit
                 in
                 managing
                 Affairs
                 )
                 to
                 Command
                 one
                 Wing
                 ,
                 joining
                 with
                 him
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 his
                 Commanders
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 with
                 a
                 choice
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 commanded
                 the
                 other
                 Wing
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 and
                 dispos'd
                 the
                 Regiments
                 and
                 Brigades
                 in
                 such
                 Posts
                 and
                 Stations
                 as
                 the
                 present
                 Occasion
                 requir'd
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 marshall'd
                 their
                 Army
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 several
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 committed
                 one
                 Part
                 to
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 the
                 rest
                 themselves
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 Armies
                 engag'd
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 fierce
                 and
                 bloody
                 Battel
                 was
                 fought
                 ,
                 which
                 continu'd
                 
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 with
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 uncertain
                 which
                 way
                 Victory
                 would
                 incline
                 ,
                 until
                 Alexander
                 earnest
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 Indication
                 of
                 his
                 Valour
                 to
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 charg'd
                 with
                 a
                 more
                 than
                 ordinary
                 Heat
                 and
                 Vigour
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 assisted
                 with
                 many
                 stout
                 and
                 brave
                 Men
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 broke
                 through
                 the
                 main
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 next
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 slaughter
                 of
                 many
                 ,
                 and
                 bore
                 down
                 all
                 before
                 him
                 :
                 And
                 when
                 those
                 that
                 seconded
                 him
                 did
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 then
                 the
                 Regiments
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 Former
                 were
                 broke
                 to
                 pieces
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 the
                 Earth
                 being
                 strew'd
                 with
                 heaps
                 of
                 Dead
                 Carkasses
                 ,
                 those
                 with
                 Alexander
                 first
                 put
                 the
                 Wing
                 oppos'd
                 to
                 them
                 to
                 flight
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 himself
                 likewise
                 in
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 this
                 Regiment
                 ,
                 fought
                 with
                 no
                 less
                 Courage
                 and
                 Resolution
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 attributed
                 to
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 he
                 forc'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 oppos'd
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 ground
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 put
                 them
                 to
                 a
                 total
                 Rout
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 was
                 the
                 chief
                 Instrument
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 above
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Athenians
                 killed
                 in
                 this
                 Battel
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 fewer
                 than
                 Two
                 thousand
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 .
                 A
                 great
                 Number
                 likewise
                 of
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 were
                 slain
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 fell
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Battel
                 Philip
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 Trophy
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 given
                 Liberty
                 for
                 the
                 burying
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 ,
                 he
                 Sacrific'd
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 for
                 the
                 Victory
                 ,
                 and
                 distributed
                 Rewards
                 to
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 signaliz'd
                 their
                 Valour
                 according
                 as
                 every
                 one
                 had
                 deserv'd
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 report
                 ,
                 that
                 Philip
                 having
                 appointed
                 a
                 Wanton
                 and
                 Luxurious
                 Banquet
                 with
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 in
                 Ostentation
                 of
                 his
                 Victory
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Cups
                 passing
                 through
                 the
                 Throng
                 of
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 most
                 contumeliously
                 taunted
                 the
                 miserable
                 Wretches
                 with
                 their
                 Misfortune
                 .
                 
                 Whereupon
                 Demades
                 the
                 Orator
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Captives
                 ,
                 spoke
                 boldly
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 fram'd
                 
                 a
                 Discourse
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 curb
                 the
                 Pride
                 and
                 Petulancy
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 in
                 Words
                 to
                 this
                 effect
                 :
                 
                   Since
                   Fortune
                   ,
                   O
                   King
                   ,
                   has
                   represented
                   thee
                   like
                   Agamemnon
                   ,
                   art
                   thou
                   not
                   asham'd
                   to
                   act
                   a
                   part
                   of
                   Thersites
                   ?
                
                 With
                 this
                 sharp
                 Reproof
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 Philip
                 was
                 so
                 startled
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 wholly
                 chang'd
                 his
                 former
                 Course
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 only
                 laid
                 aside
                 the
                 Coronets
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Badges
                 of
                 Pride
                 and
                 Wantonness
                 that
                 attended
                 his
                 Festivals
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 Admiration
                 releas'd
                 
                 the
                 Man
                 that
                 had
                 reprehended
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 advanc'd
                 him
                 to
                 Places
                 of
                 Honour
                 .
                 In
                 conclusion
                 ,
                 he
                 became
                 so
                 far
                 Complaisant
                 ,
                 and
                 moulded
                 into
                 the
                 Civilities
                 of
                 Athens
                 through
                 his
                 Converse
                 with
                 Demades
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 releas'd
                 all
                 the
                 Captives
                 without
                 Ransom
                 .
                 And
                 remitting
                 his
                 Pride
                 and
                 Haughtiness
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 constant
                 Attendant
                 upon
                 Victory
                 ,
                 )
                 he
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 renew'd
                 the
                 Peace
                 with
                 them
                 :
                 And
                 placing
                 a
                 Garison
                 in
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 made
                 Peace
                 likewise
                 with
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 Overthrow
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 Lysides
                 ,
                 the
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Accusation
                 of
                 Lycurgus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 
                 highly
                 preferr'd
                 of
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Orators
                 of
                 that
                 Age
                 ;
                 he
                 had
                 executed
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Lord-Treasurer
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 (
                 with
                 great
                 Commendation
                 )
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Twelve
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 his
                 Life
                 long
                 had
                 been
                 in
                 great
                 Reputation
                 for
                 his
                 Virtue
                 and
                 Honesty
                 :
                 But
                 a
                 most
                 bitter
                 Accuser
                 .
                 The
                 Excellency
                 and
                 Sharpness
                 of
                 whose
                 Speech
                 ,
                 if
                 any
                 desire
                 to
                 know
                 ,
                 he
                 may
                 best
                 judge
                 by
                 his
                 words
                 us'd
                 against
                 Lycides
                 ,
                 which
                 follow
                 .
              
               
                 
                   O
                   Lycides
                   ,
                   thou
                   wast
                   the
                   General
                   of
                   the
                   Army
                   ;
                   and
                   tho'
                   a
                   Thousand
                   Citizens
                   are
                   
                   slain
                   ,
                   two
                   Thousand
                   taken
                   Prisoners
                   ,
                   a
                   Trophy
                   erected
                   to
                   the
                   Dishonour
                   of
                   this
                   City
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   Greece
                   inslav'd
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   this
                   done
                   thou
                   being
                   Captain
                   and
                   General
                   ,
                   yet
                   dar'st
                   Live
                   and
                   view
                   the
                   Light
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   ,
                   and
                   blushest
                   not
                   to
                   shew
                   thy
                   Face
                   in
                   the
                   Forum
                   ,
                   thou
                   who
                   art
                   born
                   the
                   Monument
                   of
                   thy
                   Country's
                   Shame
                   and
                   Dishonour
                   .
                
              
               
                 A
                 thing
                 very
                 remarkable
                 hapned
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 this
                 Battel
                 was
                 fought
                 at
                 Cheronea
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 Day
                 and
                 Hour
                 another
                 was
                 fought
                 in
                 Italy
                 between
                 the
                 Tarentines
                 and
                 Lycanians
                 ,
                 
                 in
                 which
                 Archidamus
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Lacedaemon
                 was
                 slain
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 reign'd
                 Three
                 and
                 twenty
                 years
                 .
                 Agis
                 his
                 Son
                 succeeded
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 Govern'd
                 nine
                 years
                 .
                 About
                 that
                 time
                 likewise
                 dy'd
                 Timotheus
                 ,
                 Prince
                 of
                 Heraclea
                 in
                 Pontus
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Fifteenth
                 year
                 of
                 his
                 Principality
                 ,
                 whose
                 Brother
                 Dionysius
                 succeeded
                 ,
                 and
                 reign'd
                 Two
                 and
                 thirty
                 years
                 .
              
               
                 Phrynichus
                 bore
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Titus
                   Manlius
                   Torquatus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 
                   Publius
                   Decius
                
                 were
                 invested
                 with
                 the
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 at
                 Rome
                 ;
                 when
                 Philip
                 bearing
                 his
                 Crest
                 high
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 Victory
                 at
                 Cheronea
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 struck
                 a
                 Terror
                 into
                 the
                 most
                 Eminent
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 great
                 Business
                 to
                 be
                 chosen
                 Generalissimo
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 .
                 It
                 being
                 therefore
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Graecians
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 revenge
                 the
                 Impiety
                 by
                 them
                 committed
                 against
                 the
                 Sacreds
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 he
                 presently
                 wan
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 the
                 Graecians
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 was
                 very
                 Liberal
                 and
                 Courteous
                 likewise
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 both
                 private
                 Men
                 and
                 Communities
                 ;
                 and
                 publish'd
                 to
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 Desire
                 to
                 Consult
                 with
                 them
                 concerning
                 Matters
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good.
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 a
                 General
                 Council
                 was
                 call'd
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 held
                 at
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 declar'd
                 his
                 Design
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 probable
                 grounds
                 there
                 were
                 of
                 Success
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 desir'd
                 the
                 Council
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 Confederates
                 in
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 At
                 length
                 he
                 was
                 created
                 General
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 ,
                 with
                 absolute
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 
                 he
                 made
                 mighty
                 preparation
                 for
                 that
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 order'd
                 what
                 Quota
                 of
                 Men
                 every
                 City
                 should
                 send
                 forth
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 and
                 Concerns
                 of
                 Philip.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   Timoleon
                
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 settl'd
                 all
                 things
                 in
                 right
                 and
                 due
                 Order
                 in
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 
                 dy'd
                 ,
                 having
                 govern'd
                 Eight
                 years
                 .
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 who
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 him
                 for
                 the
                 many
                 great
                 Services
                 done
                 to
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 bury'd
                 him
                 in
                 great
                 State
                 and
                 Pomp
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Body
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 forth
                 ,
                 great
                 multitudes
                 were
                 got
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 publish'd
                 a
                 Decree
                 ,
                 that
                 Two
                 hundred
                 *
                 
                 Mina's
                 should
                 be
                 expended
                 upon
                 the
                 Charge
                 of
                 his
                 Funeral
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 his
                 Memory
                 should
                 be
                 honour'd
                 yearly
                 for
                 ever
                 with
                 Musick
                 ,
                 Horse-Coursing
                 ,
                 and
                 Gymnick
                 Sports
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 subdu'd
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 planted
                 Colonies
                 in
                 the
                 greatest
                 Greek
                 City
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 rescu'd
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 from
                 Slavery
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 *
                 Ariorarxanes
                 dy'd
                 in
                 the
                 Twenty
                 sixth
                 year
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 succeeded
                 by
                 Methridates
                 ,
                 who
                 Reign'd
                 Five
                 and
                 thirty
                 Years
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 fought
                 with
                 the
                 Latins
                 and
                 Campanians
                 ,
                 near
                 the
                 City
                 Suessa
                 ,
                 and
                 routed
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 confiscated
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Lands
                 .
                 And
                 Manlius
                 the
                 Consul
                 ,
                 who
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 triumph'd
                 for
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Philip
                   consults
                   the
                   Oracle
                   at
                   Delphos
                   .
                   Marries
                   his
                   Daughter
                   Cleopatra
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   King
                   of
                   Epirus
                   .
                   Encourag'd
                   to
                   the
                   Persian
                   War
                   by
                   Neoptolemus
                   his
                   Verses
                   .
                   
                   Philip's
                   Pride
                   .
                   His
                   Murther
                   .
                   The
                   Cause
                   of
                   it
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   it
                   was
                   done
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   whom
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHen
                 Pythodorus
                 was
                 chief
                 Governor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Quintus
                   Publius
                
                 and
                 Tiberius
                 
                 
                   Aemilius
                   Mamercus
                
                 were
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 the
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Eleventh
                 Olympiad
                 was
                 celebrated
                 ,
                 wherein
                 
                   Cleomentis
                   Cletorius
                
                 wan
                 the
                 Prize
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Year
                 Philip
                 began
                 the
                 
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 sent
                 
                   A
                   ta●us
                
                 and
                 Parmenio
                 before
                 into
                 Asia
                 to
                 free
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 there
                 from
                 Slavery
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 intending
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 Concurrence
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 consulted
                 the
                 Oracle
                 at
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 whether
                 or
                 no
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 victorious
                 over
                 
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 .
                 The
                 Answer
                 was
                 thus
                 ,
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Ox
                   is
                   crown'd
                   when
                   's
                   end
                   is
                   near
                   at
                   hand
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   offer
                   him
                   ,
                   a
                   Man
                   doth
                   ready
                   stand
                   .
                
              
               
                 This
                 doubtful
                 Answer
                 ,
                 Philip
                 constru'd
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 advantage
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 the
                 Oracle
                 had
                 expresly
                 foretold
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 lead
                 away
                 the
                 Persian
                 King
                 as
                 a
                 Victim
                 to
                 the
                 Sacrifice
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 truth
                 ,
                 it
                 fell
                 out
                 quite
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 effect
                 it
                 appear'd
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 had
                 a
                 contrary
                 Signification
                 ,
                 to
                 wit
                 ,
                 that
                 Philip
                 in
                 a
                 Throng
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 a
                 Sacred
                 Festival
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 knock'd
                 on
                 the
                 Head
                 like
                 a
                 Bullock
                 crown'd
                 with
                 a
                 Garland
                 ,
                 for
                 Sacrifice
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 very
                 jocund
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 conquer'd
                 Asia
                 already
                 ,
                 and
                 concluded
                 the
                 Gods
                 were
                 engag'd
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Expedition
                 .
                 Without
                 delay
                 therefore
                 he
                 offer'd
                 most
                 costly
                 and
                 magnificent
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 solemnized
                 the
                 Marriage
                 of
                 his
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 Cleopatra
                 ,
                 by
                 Olympias
                 :
                 He
                 Marry'd
                 her
                 to
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Epirus
                 ,
                 Brother
                 of
                 Olympias
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 a
                 desire
                 of
                 a
                 considerable
                 Appearance
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Graecians
                 at
                 this
                 Nuptial
                 Festivity
                 ,
                 conjoin'd
                 with
                 his
                 Religious
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 most
                 pompous
                 Preparation
                 for
                 the
                 Entertainment
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 and
                 Guests
                 ,
                 both
                 with
                 Musick
                 ,
                 Dancing
                 ,
                 and
                 Feasting
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 this
                 End
                 ,
                 he
                 Invited
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 his
                 special
                 Friends
                 and
                 Familiars
                 ,
                 all
                 over
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 his
                 Servants
                 and
                 Attendants
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 invite
                 as
                 many
                 Strangers
                 from
                 all
                 Places
                 as
                 were
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Acquaintance
                 .
                 And
                 his
                 main
                 design
                 in
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 assure
                 all
                 the
                 Graecians
                 of
                 his
                 Kindness
                 towards
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 testify
                 his
                 Gratitude
                 by
                 these
                 Friendly
                 Entertainments
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Honours
                 conferr'd
                 upon
                 him
                 .
                 A
                 vast
                 Concourse
                 of
                 People
                 therefore
                 were
                 got
                 together
                 from
                 all
                 Places
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Solemnity
                 of
                 these
                 Nuptials
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 magnificently
                 Solemniz'd
                 at
                 *
                 Aeges
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Sports
                 and
                 Plays
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 not
                 only
                 Noblemen
                 and
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 many
                 great
                 Cities
                 presented
                 Philip
                 with
                 Crowns
                 of
                 Gold.
                 Among
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 Athens
                 made
                 one
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Common
                 Cryer
                 with
                 a
                 loud
                 Voice
                 presented
                 the
                 Crown
                 sent
                 from
                 them
                 to
                 Philip
                 ,
                 he
                 clos'd
                 with
                 this
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   if
                   any
                   Plotter
                   of
                   Treason
                   against
                
                 Philip
                 ,
                 
                   should
                   hereafter
                   slee
                   to
                
                 Athens
                 
                   for
                   shelter
                   ,
                   he
                   should
                   be
                   forthwith
                   deliver'd
                   up
                   .
                
                 By
                 this
                 accidental
                 Publication
                 of
                 this
                 Cryer
                 ,
                 it
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 intimated
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 by
                 some
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 )
                 that
                 some
                 piece
                 of
                 Treachery
                 was
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 to
                 be
                 executed
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 were
                 several
                 other
                 the
                 like
                 Words
                 (
                 as
                 by
                 a
                 Divine
                 Instigation
                 )
                 uttered
                 ,
                 which
                 portended
                 the
                 King's
                 Death
                 .
                 There
                 was
                 then
                 at
                 the
                 Festival
                 ,
                 Neoptolemus
                 the
                 Tragedian
                 ,
                 
                 remarkable
                 above
                 all
                 others
                 for
                 the
                 Loudness
                 of
                 his
                 Voice
                 ,
                 and
                 Famous
                 and
                 Eminent
                 in
                 other
                 respects
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 repeat
                 some
                 Verses
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 ordered
                 to
                 compose
                 ,
                 especially
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Persian
                 Expedition
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 recite
                 a
                 Witty
                 Poem
                 ,
                 proper
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 )
                 to
                 
                 Philip's
                 intended
                 Passage
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 wherein
                 he
                 set
                 forth
                 the
                 Glory
                 and
                 Greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 King
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 Famous
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 over
                 ,
                 yet
                 that
                 Fortune
                 would
                 some
                 time
                 or
                 other
                 bring
                 him
                 down
                 .
                 The
                 Poem
                 was
                 thus
                 ,
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   Y
                   're
                   Minds
                   are
                   Higher
                   than
                   the
                   Sky
                   o'er-grown
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   Earth
                   you
                   wish
                   y
                   're
                   own
                   ;
                
                 
                   Houses
                   to
                   Houses
                   join
                   ;
                   Fools
                   without
                   end
                   ,
                
                 
                   You
                   would
                   y
                   're
                   Lives
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   Lands
                   extend
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   doleful
                   Death
                   ,
                   alas
                   !
                   Although
                   ye
                   do
                
                 
                   Creep
                   towards
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   gallop
                   unto
                   you
                   ,
                
                 
                   Of
                   long
                   Hopes
                   very
                   shortly
                   cut
                   the
                   Clue
                   .
                
              
               
               
                 He
                 added
                 likewise
                 other
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 Sense
                 with
                 these
                 .
                 But
                 Philip
                 resting
                 wholly
                 upon
                 these
                 recited
                 ,
                 his
                 Thoughts
                 were
                 altogether
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 his
                 Conquering
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 much
                 revolv'd
                 in
                 his
                 Mind
                 the
                 Answer
                 given
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 which
                 agreed
                 in
                 all
                 Points
                 with
                 the
                 Words
                 of
                 the
                 Tragedian
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Feast
                 for
                 that
                 time
                 was
                 ended
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Sports
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 renew'd
                 the
                 next
                 Day
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 People
                 in
                 the
                 Night-time
                 flock'd
                 into
                 the
                 Theatre
                 .
                 And
                 whereas
                 twelve
                 Images
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 (
                 amongst
                 other
                 sumptuous
                 Preparations
                 )
                 most
                 curiously
                 wrought
                 and
                 richly
                 adorn'd
                 ,
                 were
                 brought
                 forth
                 in
                 pompous
                 Procession
                 ,
                 the
                 Image
                 of
                 Philip
                 cloth'd
                 like
                 the
                 Gods
                 in
                 every
                 respect
                 ,
                 made
                 the
                 Thirteenth
                 ,
                 hereby
                 arrogating
                 to
                 
                 himself
                 a
                 Place
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 inthron'd
                 among
                 the
                 *
                 Gods.
                 The
                 Theatre
                 being
                 now
                 full
                 ;
                 he
                 himself
                 came
                 forth
                 cloathed
                 in
                 a
                 white
                 Robe
                 ,
                 his
                 Life-Guard
                 following
                 him
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 Distance
                 ,
                 designing
                 thereby
                 to
                 evidence
                 it
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 judg'd
                 himself
                 secure
                 in
                 the
                 Hearts
                 and
                 Affections
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 stood
                 not
                 in
                 need
                 of
                 the
                 Guard
                 of
                 his
                 Halberteers
                 .
                 While
                 he
                 was
                 thus
                 with
                 ,
                 loud
                 and
                 joyful
                 Acclamations
                 cry'd
                 up
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 Stars
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 Multitude
                 resounded
                 his
                 Praise
                 ,
                 upon
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 and
                 beyond
                 all
                 Mens
                 expectation
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 treacherously
                 †
                 murther'd
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 for
                 the
                 Clearer
                 and
                 more
                 distinct
                 Understanding
                 of
                 the
                 History
                 in
                 this
                 matter
                 ,
                 we
                 
                 shall
                 first
                 relate
                 the
                 Causes
                 and
                 Grounds
                 of
                 this
                 Assassination
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 was
                 one
                 Pausanias
                 ,
                 a
                 Macedonian
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 call'd
                 Oristis
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Esquires
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 his
                 Beauty
                 dearly
                 belov'd
                 of
                 him
                 .
                 This
                 Man
                 taking
                 notice
                 how
                 much
                 another
                 young
                 Youth
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Name
                 was
                 doted
                 on
                 by
                 Philip
                 ,
                 fell
                 upon
                 him
                 with
                 very
                 foul
                 and
                 opprobrious
                 Language
                 ,
                 telling
                 him
                 he
                 was
                 an
                 *
                 Hermaphradite
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 prostituted
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 Lust
                 of
                 every
                 one
                 that
                 would
                 .
                 He
                 resented
                 this
                 Disgrace
                 very
                 ill
                 ,
                 but
                 conceal'd
                 it
                 for
                 a
                 while
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 consulting
                 with
                 Attalus
                 what
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 ,
                 he
                 determin'd
                 presently
                 after
                 ,
                 in
                 an
                 unusual
                 manner
                 ,
                 to
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Life
                 .
                 For
                 within
                 a
                 while
                 after
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Battel
                 wherein
                 Philip
                 was
                 engag'd
                 against
                 Plurias
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Illyrians
                   ,
                   Pausanias
                
                 in
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Fight
                 interpos'd
                 himself
                 between
                 the
                 King
                 and
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 all
                 the
                 Darts
                 upon
                 his
                 own
                 Body
                 that
                 were
                 cast
                 at
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 dy'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Spot
                 .
                 The
                 manner
                 of
                 his
                 Death
                 being
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 ,
                 Attalus
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Courtiers
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 great
                 esteem
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 invited
                 the
                 other
                 Pausianas
                 to
                 a
                 Feast
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 him
                 drunk
                 ,
                 expos'd
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 thus
                 over-charg'd
                 with
                 Wine
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 †
                 abus'd
                 by
                 the
                 Filthy
                 Lusts
                 of
                 a
                 Company
                 of
                 base
                 *
                 Sordid
                 Fellows
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 was
                 Sober
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 highly
                 enrag'd
                 at
                 the
                 abominable
                 Abuse
                 ,
                 and
                 complain'd
                 against
                 Attalus
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ;
                 who
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 much
                 offended
                 at
                 the
                 Wickedness
                 of
                 the
                 Fact
                 ,
                 yet
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 Relation
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 present
                 occasion
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Service
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 punish
                 him
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 Uncle
                 to
                 Cleopatra
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 marry'd
                 as
                 his
                 Second
                 Wife
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 design'd
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 sent
                 before
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 very
                 stout
                 and
                 valiant
                 Man.
                 To
                 pacify
                 therefore
                 Pausanias
                 ,
                 whose
                 Spirit
                 was
                 highly
                 Exasperated
                 for
                 the
                 intolerable
                 Injury
                 offer'd
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 bestow'd
                 on
                 him
                 many
                 rich
                 Gifts
                 ,
                 and
                 advanc'd
                 him
                 to
                 a
                 more
                 Honourable
                 Post
                 in
                 his
                 Guards
                 .
                 But
                 
                 Pausanias's
                 Anger
                 was
                 implacable
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 determin'd
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 revenge
                 himself
                 upon
                 the
                 Author
                 of
                 this
                 Abuse
                 ,
                 but
                 upon
                 him
                 that
                 wav'd
                 doing
                 him
                 Justice
                 by
                 the
                 inflicting
                 of
                 Punishment
                 .
                 And
                 Hermocrates
                 ,
                 the
                 Sophist
                 ,
                 greatly
                 confirm'd
                 him
                 in
                 this
                 his
                 Resolution
                 .
                 For
                 Pausanias
                 conversing
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Discourse
                 asking
                 him
                 ,
                 by
                 what
                 means
                 a
                 Man
                 might
                 make
                 himself
                 most
                 famous
                 ?
                 The
                 Philosopher
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 by
                 killing
                 him
                 that
                 has
                 done
                 the
                 greatest
                 things
                 ;
                 for
                 whenever
                 he
                 is
                 nam'd
                 ,
                 then
                 he
                 likewise
                 that
                 kill'd
                 him
                 will
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 be
                 remember'd
                 .
                 Pausanias
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 this
                 Answer
                 ,
                 as
                 an
                 incentive
                 to
                 his
                 Rage
                 ,
                 the
                 Restlessness
                 of
                 his
                 disturb'd
                 Spirit
                 would
                 admit
                 of
                 no
                 further
                 delay
                 ,
                 but
                 laid
                 his
                 Design
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Festivals
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 .
                 He
                 first
                 plac'd
                 Horses
                 at
                 the
                 Gates
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 then
                 he
                 himself
                 return'd
                 and
                 stood
                 at
                 the
                 Entrance
                 into
                 the
                 Theatre
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Gallick
                 Sword
                 hid
                 secretly
                 under
                 his
                 Coat
                 .
                 Philip
                 commanded
                 his
                 Friends
                 that
                 came
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 go
                 before
                 him
                 into
                 the
                 Theatre
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Guard
                 were
                 at
                 a
                 considerable
                 distance
                 from
                 him
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 the
                 Traytor
                 perceiving
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 
                 alone
                 ,
                 ran
                 him
                 into
                 the
                 side
                 through
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 him
                 dead
                 at
                 his
                 Feet
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Horses
                 that
                 were
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 him
                 at
                 the
                 Gates
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 presently
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Life-Guard
                 ran
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 others
                 pursu'd
                 the
                 Assassinate
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 were
                 
                   Leonnatus
                   ,
                   Perdiccas
                
                 and
                 
                   Attalus
                   .
                   Pausanias
                
                 made
                 so
                 swiftly
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 nimbly
                 mounted
                 his
                 Horse
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 certainly
                 escap'd
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 a
                 Branch
                 of
                 a
                 Vine
                 caught
                 hold
                 of
                 the
                 Heel
                 of
                 his
                 Shoe
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 entangl'd
                 him
                 that
                 down
                 he
                 fell
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 Perdiccas
                 with
                 his
                 Fellows
                 fell
                 upon
                 him
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 rise
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 many
                 Wounds
                 
                 given
                 him
                 ,
                 there
                 slew
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 Philip
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 most
                 Potent
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Kings
                 in
                 Europe
                 in
                 that
                 Age
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 for
                 the
                 Greatness
                 of
                 his
                 Dominion
                 associated
                 himself
                 for
                 Majesty
                 into
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Twelve
                 Gods
                 )
                 came
                 to
                 his
                 end
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 Reign'd
                 about
                 Four
                 and
                 twenty
                 Years
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 King
                 from
                 very
                 small
                 Beginnings
                 ,
                 gain'd
                 the
                 largest
                 Dominion
                 in
                 Greece
                 ;
                 and
                 is
                 judg'd
                 to
                 have
                 enlarg'd
                 the
                 Bounds
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 by
                 Arms
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 his
                 fair
                 Tongue
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 complaisant
                 and
                 courteous
                 Demeanour
                 towards
                 all
                 he
                 had
                 to
                 deal
                 with
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 is
                 reported
                 ,
                 That
                 Philip
                 himself
                 would
                 often
                 boast
                 more
                 of
                 his
                 Military
                 Art
                 and
                 Policy
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 gaining
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 by
                 fair
                 Words
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 the
                 Strength
                 and
                 Valour
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 us'd
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 winning
                 of
                 Battels
                 was
                 common
                 and
                 due
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 with
                 himself
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Praise
                 and
                 Commendation
                 due
                 to
                 Affability
                 and
                 a
                 pleasant
                 Converse
                 ,
                 was
                 peculiar
                 to
                 himself
                 alone
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 thus
                 being
                 now
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Philip
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 end
                 this
                 Book
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 at
                 first
                 design'd
                 .
                 The
                 following
                 we
                 shall
                 begin
                 with
                 the
                 Succession
                 of
                 Alexander
                 into
                 his
                 Father's
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour
                 to
                 comprehend
                 all
                 his
                 Actions
                 in
                 one
                 Book
                 .
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               BOOK
               XVII
               .
            
             
               
                 THE
                 former
                 Book
                 being
                 the
              
               Sixteenth
               
                 of
                 our
              
               History
               ,
               
                 began
                 with
                 the
              
               
               
                 Reign
                 of
              
               Philip
               
                 the
                 Son
                 of
              
               Amyntas
               ,
               
                 and
                 comprehended
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 Things
                 done
                 by
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Day
                 of
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Actions
                 and
                 Affairs
                 of
                 other
                 Kings
                 ,
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 Countries
                 during
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Four
                 and
                 twenty
                 Years
                 .
                 Being
                 now
                 in
                 this
                 to
                 declare
                 what
                 follow'd
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 begin
                 with
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
              
               Alexander
               ;
               
                 and
                 in
                 treating
                 of
                 the
                 Actions
                 of
                 this
                 Prince
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Beginning
                 to
                 the
                 End
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 take
                 along
                 with
                 us
                 the
                 most
                 remarkable
                 Things
                 done
                 through
                 all
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 And
                 the
                 Relations
                 (
                 we
                 conceive
                 )
                 will
                 be
                 the
                 better
                 remembred
                 ,
                 if
                 Things
                 be
                 methodically
                 digested
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 into
                 distinct
                 Heads
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 Beginning
                 and
                 End
                 may
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 one
                 Thread
                 ,
                 be
                 knit
                 one
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 :
                 For
                 this
                 King
                 did
                 great
                 Things
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 short
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 excell'd
                 all
                 the
                 Princes
                 that
                 ever
                 were
                 before
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 wonderful
                 Atchievements
                 ,
                 effected
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Valour
                 and
                 Policy
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 Conquer'd
                 a
                 great
                 Part
                 of
              
               Europe
               ,
               
                 and
                 almost
                 all
              
               Asia
               ,
               
                 within
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Twelve
                 Years
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 his
                 Fame
                 was
                 (
                 deservedly
                 )
                 advanc'd
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 Glory
                 he
                 surmounted
                 all
                 the
              
               Heroes
               and
               Semigods
               .
            
             
               
                 But
                 we
                 need
                 not
                 (
                 we
                 judge
                 )
                 in
                 a
              
               Preface
               
                 anticipate
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 worthy
                 Actions
                 of
                 this
                 King
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 particular
                 Relations
                 themselves
                 will
                 sufficiently
                 evidence
                 his
                 Greatness
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Fame
                 and
                 Glory
                 of
                 his
                 Name
                 .
              
               Alexander
               
                 therefore
                 descended
                 from
              
               Hercules
               
                 on
                 the
                 Father's
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 from
              
               Achilles
               
                 on
                 the
                 Mother's
                 ,
                 seem'd
                 to
                 derive
                 his
                 Valo●r
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 his
                 Person
                 from
                 such
                 Famous
                 Ancestors
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 Time
                 thus
                 stated
                 for
                 this
                 present
                 Relation
                 ,
                 we
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 our
              
               History
               .
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Conspiracies
                   of
                   the
                   Cities
                   against
                   Alexander
                   .
                   The
                   Athenians
                   send
                   Ambassadors
                   to
                   Alexander
                   to
                   beg
                   Pardon
                   .
                   He
                   's
                   made
                   General
                   by
                   the
                   
                     Amphictyons
                     .
                     Attalus
                  
                   kill'd
                   by
                   
                   Alexander's
                   Command
                   .
                   The
                   Wickedness
                   of
                   
                     Bagoas
                     .
                     Darius
                  
                   commended
                   .
                   Raises
                   Forces
                   .
                   A
                   Description
                   of
                   Mount
                   
                     Ida.
                     Alexander
                  
                   invades
                   the
                   Illyrians
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   .
                   Thebes
                   besieg'd
                   by
                   Alexander
                   ,
                   and
                   raz'd
                   .
                   The
                   Miseries
                   of
                   Thebes
                   .
                   Prodigies
                   .
                   Alexander
                   demands
                   Demosthenes
                   and
                   others
                   to
                   be
                   deliver'd
                   up
                   to
                   him
                   by
                   the
                   Athenians
                   :
                   Their
                   Answer
                   .
                   He
                   returns
                   into
                   Macedonia
                   ;
                   and
                   Feasts
                   his
                   Soldiers
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHEN
                 Evaenetus
                 was
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 in
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Furius
                
                 and
                 
                 Caius
                 *
                 Manlius
                 were
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 ascended
                 the
                 Throne
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 executed
                 Justice
                 upon
                 the
                 Murtherers
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 :
                 And
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 with
                 great
                 care
                 celebrated
                 his
                 Funerals
                 ,
                 he
                 set
                 in
                 order
                 the
                 Concerns
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 much
                 better
                 than
                 most
                 expected
                 :
                 For
                 being
                 very
                 young
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 despis'd
                 ,
                 he
                 sought
                 first
                 to
                 win
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 by
                 fair
                 Words
                 and
                 courteous
                 Addresses
                 :
                 Amongst
                 others
                 ,
                 he
                 told
                 them
                 that
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 only
                 chang'd
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 Government
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 manag'd
                 a
                 jot
                 worse
                 than
                 it
                 was
                 when
                 his
                 Father
                 was
                 alive
                 .
                 He
                 courteously
                 likewise
                 gave
                 Audience
                 to
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 and
                 desir'd
                 the
                 Grecians
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 have
                 the
                 same
                 Kindness
                 for
                 him
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 for
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 so
                 esteem'd
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 look'd
                 upon
                 it
                 as
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Inheritance
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 employ'd
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 frequent
                 Trainings
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Martial
                 Exercises
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 the
                 Army
                 readily
                 to
                 submit
                 to
                 his
                 Commands
                 .
                 Attalus
                 ,
                 the
                 Uncle
                 of
                 Cleopatra
                 ,
                 Philip's
                 other
                 Wife
                 ,
                 conspir'd
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 take
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 way
                 ,
                 For
                 Cleopatra
                 was
                 brought
                 to
                 bed
                 of
                 a
                 Son
                 a
                 few
                 
                 Days
                 before
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Philip
                 ,
                 and
                 Attalus
                 was
                 sent
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 as
                 General
                 with
                 Parmenio
                 his
                 Colleague
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 where
                 by
                 his
                 Bribes
                 and
                 fair
                 Tongue
                 he
                 so
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Army
                 was
                 wholly
                 at
                 his
                 Devotion
                 :
                 Therefore
                 the
                 King
                 conceiv'd
                 he
                 had
                 just
                 cause
                 to
                 be
                 jealous
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 lest
                 if
                 he
                 should
                 side
                 with
                 the
                 Grecians
                 (
                 who
                 he
                 knew
                 were
                 his
                 Enemies
                 )
                 he
                 should
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 gain
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 to
                 himself
                 .
                 Therefore
                 he
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 Heccateus
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Army
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 with
                 Command
                 to
                 bring
                 over
                 Attalus
                 alive
                 if
                 
                 he
                 could
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 effect
                 that
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 first
                 Opportunity
                 to
                 kill
                 him
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 he
                 join'd
                 his
                 Forces
                 with
                 Attalus
                 and
                 Parmenio
                 ,
                 and
                 watch'd
                 a
                 fit
                 Opportunity
                 to
                 execute
                 what
                 he
                 was
                 commanded
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 being
                 inform'd
                 that
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Greciani
                 were
                 hatching
                 some
                 Mischief
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 new
                 Commotions
                 ,
                 his
                 Thoughts
                 were
                 greatly
                 perplex'd
                 and
                 
                 disturb'd
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 
                   Athenians
                   (
                   Demosthenes
                
                 stirring
                 them
                 up
                 against
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 )
                 rejoyc'd
                 at
                 the
                 News
                 of
                 
                 Philip's
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 resolv'd
                 that
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 should
                 no
                 longer
                 domineer
                 over
                 Greece
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 they
                 sent
                 over
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Attalus
                 ,
                 and
                 privately
                 consulted
                 with
                 him
                 concerning
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Affair
                 ,
                 and
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 to
                 assert
                 their
                 Liberties
                 .
                 The
                 Etolians
                 made
                 a
                 Decree
                 to
                 recall
                 the
                 Exiles
                 of
                 Acarnania
                 ,
                 whom
                 Philip
                 had
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 The
                 Ambrociots
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Persuasion
                 of
                 Aristarchus
                 ,
                 drave
                 outthe
                 Garison
                 that
                 was
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 the
                 Democracy
                 .
                 The
                 Thebans
                 likewise
                 decreed
                 to
                 cast
                 out
                 the
                 Garison
                 that
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 Citadel
                 of
                 Cadmea
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Alexander
                 should
                 never
                 with
                 their
                 Consent
                 have
                 Command
                 in
                 Greece
                 .
                 The
                 Arcadians
                 
                 also
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 only
                 People
                 that
                 refus'd
                 to
                 give
                 their
                 Consent
                 that
                 Philip
                 should
                 be
                 General
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 so
                 they
                 now
                 rejected
                 Alexander
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Peloponnesians
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Argives
                   ,
                   Eleans
                   ,
                   Lacedaemonians
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 were
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 might
                 for
                 their
                 own
                 Government
                 .
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Nations
                 beyond
                 Macedonia
                 waited
                 for
                 an
                 Opportunity
                 to
                 rebell
                 ,
                 and
                 great
                 Commotions
                 there
                 were
                 among
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 .
              
               
                 Notwithstanding
                 all
                 which
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Fears
                 that
                 were
                 every
                 where
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 but
                 a
                 Youth
                 ,
                 yet
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 (
                 beyond
                 all
                 expectation
                 )
                 he
                 overcame
                 all
                 those
                 Difficulties
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 all
                 plain
                 and
                 clear
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 reducing
                 some
                 to
                 their
                 Duty
                 by
                 fair
                 and
                 smooth
                 Words
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 through
                 fear
                 and
                 dread
                 of
                 Punishments
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 he
                 compell'd
                 by
                 force
                 to
                 stoop
                 to
                 his
                 Sovereignty
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 ,
                 he
                 so
                 far
                 gain'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 ,
                 both
                 by
                 Promises
                 of
                 large
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 smooth
                 and
                 courteous
                 Language
                 (
                 telling
                 them
                 how
                 near
                 of
                 kin
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 them
                 by
                 his
                 Descent
                 from
                 Hercules
                 )
                 that
                 they
                 by
                 a
                 Publick
                 Decree
                 declar'd
                 him
                 General
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 which
                 descended
                 to
                 him
                 from
                 his
                 Father
                 .
                 Having
                 gain'd
                 this
                 Point
                 ,
                 he
                 brought
                 over
                 the
                 bordering
                 Nations
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 Good
                 Opinion
                 of
                 him
                 ;
                 Then
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 Pyle
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Senate
                 of
                 the
                 Amphictyons
                 he
                 so
                 manag'd
                 his
                 Matters
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 General
                 Consent
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 created
                 Generalissimo
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 .
                 He
                 assur'd
                 the
                 Ambrociots
                 ,
                 
                 in
                 a
                 kind
                 and
                 smooth
                 Oration
                 made
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 had
                 that
                 Kindness
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 presently
                 restore
                 them
                 to
                 that
                 Liberty
                 which
                 they
                 so
                 lately
                 sought
                 to
                 recover
                 .
                 But
                 to
                 strike
                 the
                 greater
                 Terror
                 into
                 those
                 that
                 regarded
                 not
                 his
                 Words
                 ,
                 he
                 came
                 with
                 a
                 swift
                 March
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Macedonians
                 in
                 an
                 hostile
                 manner
                 into
                 Baeotia
                 ,
                 and
                 encamping
                 near
                 Cadmea
                 ,
                 struck
                 a
                 Terror
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 the
                 Athenians
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 's
                 coming
                 into
                 Boeotia
                 ,
                 slighted
                 
                 him
                 no
                 longer
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Quickness
                 of
                 the
                 Youth
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 diligent
                 dispatch
                 of
                 Business
                 ,
                 greatly
                 terrify'd
                 the
                 Revolters
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Athenians
                 order'd
                 every
                 thing
                 they
                 had
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Walls
                 to
                 be
                 repair'd
                 and
                 guarded
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 they
                 could
                 ;
                 and
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Alexander
                 to
                 beg
                 pardon
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 no
                 
                 sooner
                 own'd
                 his
                 Sovereignty
                 ;
                 and
                 order'd
                 Demosthenes
                 to
                 accompany
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 came
                 not
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 to
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 but
                 return'd
                 from
                 Citherone
                 to
                 Athens
                 ;
                 either
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 afraid
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Speeches
                 he
                 had
                 publickly
                 made
                 against
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 willing
                 to
                 displease
                 the
                 Persian
                 King.
                 For
                 it
                 is
                 reported
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 great
                 Sums
                 of
                 Money
                 from
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 to
                 beat
                 down
                 the
                 Interest
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 by
                 his
                 Orations
                 .
                 Which
                 was
                 hinted
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 by
                 Eschines
                 ;
                 in
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Speeches
                 ;
                 wherein
                 he
                 upbraids
                 Demosthenes
                 for
                 taking
                 of
                 Bribes
                 in
                 these
                 Words
                 :
                 
                   Now
                   the
                   King's
                   Gold
                   plentifully
                   bears
                   all
                   his
                   Charges
                   :
                   But
                   this
                   will
                   not
                   serve
                   his
                   turn
                   long
                   ;
                   for
                
                 *
                 
                   Covetousness
                   is
                   never
                   satisfy'd
                   with
                   Abundance
                   .
                
              
               
                 But
                 to
                 proceed
                 ;
                 Alexander
                 return'd
                 a
                 very
                 courteous
                 Answer
                 to
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 which
                 freed
                 the
                 Athenians
                 from
                 their
                 Fears
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 order'd
                 all
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 and
                 *
                 Members
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 to
                 meet
                 him
                 at
                 Corinth
                 ;
                 where
                 when
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 usually
                 Members
                 
                 of
                 the
                 General
                 Council
                 were
                 come
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 by
                 a
                 gracious
                 Speech
                 so
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 created
                 him
                 General
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 decreed
                 him
                 Aid
                 and
                 Assistance
                 against
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 revenge
                 the
                 many
                 Injuries
                 the
                 Greeks
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 
                 from
                 them
                 .
                 Having
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Honour
                 he
                 thus
                 sought
                 for
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 back
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 now
                 given
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 relate
                 next
                 what
                 things
                 were
                 done
                 in
                 Asia
                 :
                 For
                 Attalus
                 presently
                 upon
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 Philip
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 set
                 up
                 for
                 himself
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 by
                 their
                 joint
                 Concurrence
                 to
                 oppose
                 Alexander
                 .
                 But
                 afterwards
                 he
                 chang'd
                 his
                 Mind
                 ,
                 and
                 fent
                 a
                 Letter
                 (
                 written
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 Demosthenes
                 )
                 to
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 many
                 smooth
                 and
                 flattering
                 Expressions
                 ,
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 clear
                 himself
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 Crimes
                 and
                 Miscarriages
                 that
                 were
                 laid
                 to
                 his
                 charge
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 afterwards
                 kill'd
                 by
                 Hecateus
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 King's
                 Command
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 Army
                 in
                 Asia
                 laid
                 aside
                 all
                 Thoughts
                 of
                 a
                 Defection
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 Attalus
                 was
                 now
                 gone
                 ,
                 and
                 Parmenio
                 greatly
                 lov'd
                 Alexander
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 being
                 we
                 are
                 now
                 about
                 to
                 write
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 necessary
                 that
                 we
                 begin
                 our
                 Relation
                 a
                 little
                 higher
                 .
              
               
                 Lately
                 in
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Philip
                 ,
                 *
                 Ochus
                 rul'd
                 over
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 hated
                 by
                 all
                 for
                 his
                 Ill
                 Nature
                 and
                 Cruelty
                 towards
                 his
                 Subjects
                 .
                 Bagoas
                 therefore
                 ,
                 a
                 Colonel
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Eunuch
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 wicked
                 and
                 beastly
                 Fellow
                 ,
                 poison'd
                 the
                 King
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 his
                 Physician
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 the
                 King's
                 youngest
                 Son
                 Arses
                 upon
                 the
                 Throne
                 .
                 He
                 likewise
                 murder'd
                 the
                 New
                 King's
                 Brothers
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 yet
                 very
                 young
                 )
                 that
                 being
                 thus
                 bereft
                 of
                 his
                 Relations
                 ,
                 he
                 might
                 be
                 more
                 observant
                 to
                 himself
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Young
                 Man
                 abhorring
                 the
                 Wickedness
                 of
                 this
                 Wretch
                 ,
                 and
                 plainly
                 by
                 many
                 Tokens
                 discovering
                 his
                 Design
                 to
                 punish
                 him
                 ,
                 Bagoas
                 smelling
                 it
                 out
                 ,
                 murther'd
                 Arses
                 and
                 
                 all
                 his
                 Children
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Third
                 Year
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Royal
                 Family
                 being
                 thus
                 extinct
                 ,
                 and
                 none
                 of
                 that
                 Race
                 left
                 who
                 could
                 make
                 any
                 Title
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 he
                 advanc'd
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Darius
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 He
                 
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Arsanus
                 ,
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Artaxerxes
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Fate
                 of
                 Bagoas
                 was
                 very
                 remarkable
                 ;
                 for
                 having
                 habituated
                 himself
                 to
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 likewise
                 to
                 poison
                 Darius
                 in
                 a
                 medicinal
                 Potion
                 :
                 But
                 this
                 Treason
                 being
                 discover'd
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 sent
                 
                 friendly
                 to
                 speak
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 Cup
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 him
                 to
                 drink
                 it
                 off
                 .
                 And
                 indeed
                 Darius
                 was
                 judg'd
                 worthy
                 to
                 enjoy
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 being
                 look'd
                 upon
                 as
                 the
                 most
                 Valiant
                 Man
                 among
                 the
                 Persians
                 :
                 For
                 heretofore
                 when
                 Artaxerxes
                 was
                 engag'd
                 in
                 a
                 Battel
                 against
                 the
                 Cadusians
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 strong
                 Body
                 and
                 couragious
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 challeng'd
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 there
                 present
                 to
                 a
                 single
                 Combat
                 ;
                 which
                 when
                 none
                 would
                 dare
                 to
                 undertake
                 ,
                 this
                 Darius
                 enter'd
                 the
                 List
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Cadusian
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 highly
                 rewarded
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Reputation
                 for
                 Valour
                 among
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 this
                 reason
                 also
                 he
                 was
                 accounted
                 worthy
                 of
                 the
                 Crown
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 and
                 began
                 to
                 Reign
                 about
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 that
                 Philip
                 dy'd
                 ,
                 and
                 Alexander
                 succeeded
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Valour
                 therefore
                 of
                 Alexander
                 meeting
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 Man
                 as
                 this
                 for
                 his
                 Adversary
                 to
                 cope
                 with
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 occasion
                 so
                 many
                 Battels
                 were
                 fought
                 for
                 the
                 Empire
                 with
                 that
                 Resolution
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 .
                 But
                 these
                 Matters
                 will
                 appear
                 more
                 clear
                 hereafter
                 ,
                 when
                 things
                 come
                 to
                 be
                 distinctly
                 and
                 particularly
                 related
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 present
                 we
                 shall
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 
                 orderly
                 course
                 of
                 the
                 History
                 .
              
               
                 *
                 Darius
                 being
                 advanc'd
                 to
                 the
                 Throne
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Philip
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 contriving
                 how
                 to
                 avert
                 the
                 War
                 threatned
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 it
                 over
                 to
                 Macedonia
                 it self
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 dead
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 King
                 freed
                 from
                 that
                 Fear
                 ,
                 he
                 slighted
                 and
                 despis'd
                 the
                 Youth
                 of
                 Alexander
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 Activeness
                 of
                 Spirit
                 in
                 dispatch
                 of
                 Business
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 created
                 General
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 ,
                 the
                 Fame
                 and
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Young
                 Man
                 was
                 *
                 in
                 every
                 Man's
                 mouth
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 Darius
                 now
                 began
                 to
                 look
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 employ'd
                 his
                 chief
                 Care
                 to
                 raise
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 fitted
                 out
                 a
                 great
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Officers
                 he
                 could
                 procure
                 to
                 Command
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 now
                 very
                 great
                 and
                 numerous
                 ;
                 among
                 whom
                 Memnon
                 the
                 Rhodian
                 was
                 one
                 ,
                 a
                 Brave
                 man
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 Valour
                 and
                 Discipline
                 :
                 Him
                 the
                 King
                 Commanded
                 to
                 march
                 to
                 *
                 Cyzicus
                 with
                 Five
                 thousand
                 men
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 endeavour
                 to
                 take
                 in
                 that
                 City
                 :
                 Who
                 in
                 order
                 thereto
                 ,
                 march'd
                 his
                 Army
                 over
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Ida.
                 Some
                 fabulously
                 report
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Mountain
                 was
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 Ida
                 of
                 Meliseus
                 .
                 
                 It
                 is
                 the
                 highest
                 Mountain
                 of
                 any
                 about
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 middle
                 is
                 a
                 Cave
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 
                 were
                 made
                 of
                 purpose
                 to
                 entertain
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 it
                 is
                 reported
                 ,
                 That
                 *
                 Alexander
                 gave
                 Judgment
                 concerning
                 the
                 Goddesses
                 .
              
               
                 Here
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 ,
                 the
                 *
                 
                   Idei
                   Dactyli
                
                 were
                 born
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 were
                 taught
                 to
                 work
                 in
                 Iron
                 †
                 by
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 
              
               
                 A
                 thing
                 also
                 very
                 Wonderful
                 and
                 Remarkable
                 is
                 ascrib'd
                 to
                 this
                 Place
                 :
                 For
                 at
                 the
                 rising
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Dog-Star
                 there
                 is
                 such
                 a
                 Serenity
                 and
                 Calmness
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 upon
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 the
                 Mount
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 there
                 above
                 all
                 Storms
                 and
                 Winds
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 even
                 at
                 Midnight
                 the
                 Sun
                 seems
                 to
                 rise
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 its
                 Rays
                 appear
                 not
                 in
                 a
                 Circular
                 Form
                 ,
                 but
                 casts
                 abroad
                 Flames
                 of
                 Fire
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 seems
                 as
                 if
                 Flakes
                 of
                 Fire
                 in
                 several
                 Places
                 overspread
                 the
                 Earth
                 ;
                 which
                 within
                 a
                 little
                 while
                 after
                 are
                 contracted
                 into
                 one
                 Body
                 till
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 quantity
                 of
                 Three
                 *
                 Plethras
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 when
                 the
                 Day
                 is
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 there
                 appears
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 the
                 compleat
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 inlightning
                 the
                 Air
                 as
                 it
                 uses
                 to
                 do
                 at
                 other
                 times
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 to
                 proceed
                 ;
                 Memnon
                 having
                 pass'd
                 over
                 this
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 assaults
                 Cyzicum
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 was
                 very
                 near
                 surprizing
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 But
                 failing
                 in
                 his
                 Design
                 ,
                 he
                 harrass'd
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 loaden
                 with
                 a
                 rich
                 Booty
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Parmenio
                 took
                 Grynnius
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 sold
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 for
                 
                 Slaves
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 besieg'd
                 Pitane
                 ;
                 but
                 Memnon
                 approaching
                 ,
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 in
                 a
                 Fright
                 quitted
                 the
                 Siege
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 Callas
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 Macedonians
                 and
                 other
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 fought
                 with
                 the
                 Persians
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Troas
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 overpower'd
                 with
                 Number
                 ,
                 was
                 beaten
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 to
                 retire
                 to
                 Rhetium
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 Condition
                 was
                 Asia
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 Alexander
                 having
                 quieted
                 all
                 the
                 Commotions
                 in
                 Greece
                 ,
                 march'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 which
                 struck
                 such
                 Terror
                 into
                 those
                 People
                 that
                 had
                 caus'd
                 Tumults
                 and
                 Disorders
                 there
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 forc'd
                 them
                 to
                 submit
                 to
                 his
                 Government
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 invaded
                 Peonia
                 and
                 *
                 Illyria
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 bordering
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 subdu'd
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 Revolted
                 ,
                 he
                 likewise
                 brought
                 under
                 his
                 Dominion
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 next
                 adjoyning
                 .
                 While
                 he
                 was
                 engag'd
                 in
                 these
                 Wars
                 ,
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 Intelligence
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Graecians
                 were
                 about
                 to
                 Revolt
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 a
                 considerable
                 Number
                 of
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 ,
                 particularly
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 had
                 already
                 actually
                 rejected
                 his
                 Sovereignty
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 hereupon
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Rage
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Design
                 to
                 hasten
                 into
                 Greece
                 to
                 quiet
                 the
                 Tumults
                 and
                 Disturbances
                 there
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 were
                 intent
                 upon
                 driving
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 Garison
                 out
                 of
                 
                 Cadmea
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 Citadel
                 ;
                 and
                 had
                 no
                 sooner
                 done
                 so
                 ,
                 but
                 Alexander
                 was
                 presently
                 at
                 the
                 City
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 before
                 it
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 .
                 The
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 before
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Approach
                 ,
                 had
                 so
                 begirt
                 Cadmea
                 with
                 a
                 deep
                 Trench
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 strong
                 
                 Baracado
                 of
                 Timber
                 ,
                 that
                 neither
                 Relief
                 nor
                 Provision
                 could
                 be
                 brought
                 in
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 They
                 had
                 sent
                 likewise
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Arcadians
                   ,
                   Argives
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Eleans
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 Assistance
                 ;
                 and
                 sollicited
                 the
                 Athenians
                 by
                 their
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 Arms
                 freely
                 given
                 to
                 them
                 by
                 Demosthenes
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 they
                 arm'd
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 none
                 .
              
               
                 Among
                 those
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 the
                 Thebans
                 address'd
                 themselves
                 for
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 the
                 Peloponnesians
                 had
                 sent
                 Forces
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Isthmus
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 order's
                 them
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 Halt
                 till
                 the
                 King
                 came
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 expected
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 had
                 decreed
                 Aid
                 to
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ;
                 yet
                 they
                 sent
                 no
                 Forces
                 thither
                 ,
                 minding
                 first
                 to
                 observe
                 how
                 Matters
                 were
                 like
                 to
                 go
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Governor
                 likewise
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 Cadmea
                 taking
                 Notice
                 what
                 great
                 Preparation
                 the
                 Thebans
                 were
                 making
                 for
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 was
                 very
                 diligent
                 to
                 strengthen
                 and
                 fortify
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 furnish'd
                 the
                 Garison
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Weapons
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 after
                 that
                 Alexander
                 was
                 come
                 unexpectedly
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 out
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 uncertain
                 whether
                 any
                 Assistance
                 would
                 come
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 far
                 exceeding
                 them
                 of
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 the
                 Officers
                 call'd
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 to
                 consult
                 what
                 to
                 determine
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 it
                 was
                 unanimously
                 agreed
                 to
                 stand
                 it
                 out
                 in
                 Defence
                 of
                 the
                 Liberties
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 :
                 Which
                 Resolution
                 being
                 approv'd
                 of
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 all
                 earnestly
                 set
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 carrying
                 on
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
               
                 But
                 the
                 King
                 forbore
                 Force
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 they
                 might
                 have
                 space
                 to
                 recollect
                 themselves
                 ,
                 not
                 thinking
                 that
                 one
                 only
                 City
                 would
                 engage
                 with
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 Army
                 .
                 
                 For
                 Alexander
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 above
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 all
                 old
                 Experienc'd
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 (
                 Conquerors
                 almost
                 in
                 every
                 Battel
                 under
                 
                   Philip
                   ,
                
                 )
                 in
                 whose
                 Valour
                 he
                 so
                 far
                 confided
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 doubted
                 not
                 but
                 by
                 them
                 to
                 put
                 an
                 End
                 to
                 the
                 Persian
                 Monarchy
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 if
                 the
                 Thebans
                 had
                 yielded
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 Difficulty
                 of
                 the
                 Time
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 with
                 Terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 no
                 doubt
                 comply'd
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 granted
                 whatever
                 they
                 would
                 have
                 desir'd
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 wish'd
                 greatly
                 to
                 have
                 all
                 Quiet
                 in
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 Free
                 and
                 Undisturb'd
                 in
                 his
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 slighted
                 by
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 destroy
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 to
                 terrify
                 all
                 others
                 that
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 should
                 dare
                 to
                 Rebel
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 when
                 the
                 Army
                 was
                 drawn
                 out
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ready
                 to
                 engage
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 caus'd
                 Proclamation
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 ,
                 that
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 should
                 have
                 Liberty
                 to
                 come
                 in
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 whosoever
                 did
                 ,
                 should
                 enjoy
                 the
                 Common
                 Liberty
                 of
                 Greece
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 to
                 shew
                 themselves
                 as
                 forward
                 in
                 their
                 Ambition
                 as
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 by
                 the
                 Voice
                 of
                 a
                 Crier
                 from
                 an
                 high
                 Tower
                 made
                 another
                 Proclamation
                 ,
                 That
                 whosoever
                 had
                 a
                 Desire
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 the
                 *
                 great
                 King
                 and
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Liberties
                 of
                 the
                 Graecians
                 ,
                 and
                 kill
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 receiv'd
                 by
                 them
                 .
                 This
                 touch'd
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 Quick
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 was
                 thereupon
                 so
                 inrag'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 vow'd
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Death
                 to
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 commanded
                 the
                 Engines
                 to
                 be
                 prepar'd
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 an
                 Assault
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Things
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 ready
                 for
                 an
                 Engagement
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Greeks
                 considering
                 the
                 utter
                 Ruin
                 that
                 seem'd
                 to
                 hang
                 over
                 the
                 
                 Heads
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 were
                 greatly
                 affected
                 with
                 the
                 Miseries
                 wherewith
                 they
                 were
                 like
                 to
                 be
                 overwhelm'd
                 ,
                 yet
                 none
                 durst
                 appear
                 to
                 Relieve
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 rashly
                 and
                 inconsiderately
                 brought
                 apparent
                 Destruction
                 upon
                 themselves
                 :
                 However
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 were
                 very
                 forward
                 and
                 resolute
                 to
                 venture
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 Extremity
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 a
                 little
                 startled
                 with
                 some
                 Prophecies
                 and
                 Prodigies
                 from
                 the
                 Gods.
                 The
                 most
                 Remarkable
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Ceres
                 ,
                 a
                 slender
                 Spider's
                 Web
                 was
                 observ'd
                 to
                 spread
                 out
                 it self
                 as
                 broad
                 as
                 a
                 Cloak
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 represent
                 the
                 Rainbow
                 in
                 an
                 Arch'd
                 Circumference
                 .
                 Concerning
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Oracle
                 at
                 Delphos
                 gave
                 them
                 this
                 Answer
                 :
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   God
                   to
                   all
                   by
                   this
                   Sign
                   gives
                   a
                   Call
                   :
                
                 
                   To
                   the
                   Boeotia
                   first
                   ;
                   and
                   Neighbours
                   all
                   .
                
              
               
                 And
                 the
                 Oracle
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 return'd
                 them
                 this
                 other
                 :
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   This
                   Web
                   for
                   one
                   works
                   Bane
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   for
                   another
                   Gain
                   .
                
              
               
                 This
                 Prodigy
                 happen'd
                 about
                 Three
                 Months
                 before
                 the
                 King
                 came
                 against
                 Thebes
                 .
                 
                 About
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Arrival
                 ,
                 the
                 Statues
                 plac'd
                 in
                 the
                 Forum
                 seem'd
                 to
                 sweat
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 great
                 Drops
                 in
                 every
                 part
                 stood
                 upon
                 them
                 .
                 Moreover
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 were
                 inform'd
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Lake
                 of
                 Onchestus
                 were
                 heard
                 Voices
                 like
                 roaring
                 and
                 bellowing
                 of
                 Oxen.
                 And
                 that
                 the
                 Waters
                 in
                 Dirce
                 were
                 to
                 the
                 view
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 all
                 turn'd
                 into
                 Blood.
                 There
                 were
                 others
                 from
                 Delphos
                 that
                 reported
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Roof
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 built
                 by
                 the
                 Thebans
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Spoils
                 of
                 the
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 appear'd
                 to
                 be
                 besmear'd
                 over
                 with
                 Blood.
                 
              
               
                 Those
                 who
                 addicted
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Interpretation
                 of
                 Prodigies
                 ,
                 said
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Web
                 
                 portended
                 the
                 Departure
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 by
                 the
                 Colour
                 of
                 the
                 Rainbow
                 ,
                 was
                 signify'd
                 various
                 Troubles
                 and
                 Turmoils
                 ;
                 by
                 the
                 appearance
                 of
                 Sweat
                 ,
                 extream
                 Miseries
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Blood
                 ,
                 Slaughters
                 and
                 Destructions
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 Therefore
                 they
                 advis'd
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 that
                 insomuch
                 as
                 the
                 Gods
                 plainly
                 pointed
                 at
                 the
                 Ruin
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 should
                 not
                 engage
                 in
                 Fight
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 seek
                 to
                 agree
                 Matters
                 some
                 other
                 way
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 much
                 more
                 safe
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Thebans
                 abated
                 nothing
                 of
                 their
                 Courage
                 ,
                 but
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 push'd
                 forward
                 by
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 their
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 encourag'd
                 one
                 another
                 with
                 the
                 Remembrance
                 of
                 their
                 famous
                 Victory
                 at
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Leuctra
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Successes
                 gain'd
                 by
                 their
                 former
                 Valour
                 .
                 
                 So
                 that
                 trusting
                 more
                 to
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 than
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 Prudent
                 Councils
                 ,
                 they
                 ran
                 headlong
                 to
                 the
                 Ruin
                 of
                 themselves
                 and
                 their
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 within
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Three
                 Days
                 ,
                 put
                 all
                 Things
                 in
                 order
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 assaulting
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 marshalling
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 for
                 Battel
                 .
                 His
                 Army
                 he
                 divided
                 into
                 Three
                 Parts
                 :
                 One
                 Part
                 he
                 order'd
                 to
                 assault
                 the
                 Out
                 wall
                 ;
                 another
                 to
                 fight
                 the
                 Thebans
                 Army
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 third
                 he
                 kept
                 for
                 Reserves
                 to
                 relieve
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 renew
                 the
                 Fight
                 as
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 occasion
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Thebans
                 plac'd
                 their
                 Horse
                 within
                 the
                 Ramparts
                 .
                 Their
                 Slaves
                 that
                 were
                 manumitted
                 ,
                 the
                 Exiles
                 and
                 the
                 Strangers
                 that
                 were
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 were
                 order'd
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Walls
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 Thebans
                 themselves
                 (
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 far
                 inferiour
                 in
                 Number
                 )
                 were
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 fight
                 those
                 Macedonians
                 commanded
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 ready
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Assault
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 all
                 the
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 ran
                 to
                 the
                 Temples
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 Supplication
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 to
                 deliver
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 Ruin
                 that
                 threaten'd
                 them
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 drew
                 near
                 ,
                 the
                 Trumpets
                 sounded
                 a
                 Charge
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 both
                 Armies
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 Shout
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 every
                 one
                 charg'd
                 that
                 Battalion
                 to
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 appointed
                 .
                 By
                 Day-break
                 the
                 Darts
                 
                 flew
                 one
                 at
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 being
                 quickly
                 spent
                 ,
                 they
                 fell
                 to
                 it
                 with
                 their
                 Swords
                 Hand
                 to
                 Hand
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Fight
                 presently
                 was
                 very
                 sharp
                 and
                 bloody
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 through
                 their
                 Number
                 (
                 far
                 exceeding
                 the
                 other
                 )
                 and
                 the
                 fierceness
                 of
                 their
                 Charge
                 ,
                 put
                 the
                 Enemy
                 hard
                 to
                 it
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 the
                 Thebans
                 heing
                 stronger
                 body'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 us'd
                 to
                 Martial
                 Discipline
                 by
                 their
                 continual
                 Exercises
                 in
                 the
                 Schools
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 resolv'd
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 resolutely
                 went
                 through
                 all
                 Difficulties
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 many
                 were
                 wounded
                 ,
                 and
                 multitudes
                 kill'd
                 on
                 both
                 Sides
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 might
                 have
                 heard
                 Shouts
                 for
                 Victory
                 and
                 Groans
                 of
                 Dying
                 Men
                 at
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 often
                 calling
                 out
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 stain
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 their
                 former
                 Victories
                 by
                 any
                 base
                 Act
                 of
                 Cowardise
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Engagement
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Thebans
                 pressing
                 theirs
                 not
                 to
                 suffer
                 their
                 Parents
                 ,
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 miserable
                 Captives
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 their
                 Families
                 expos'd
                 to
                 the
                 rageful
                 Lust
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 remember
                 the
                 Battels
                 at
                 Leuctra
                 and
                 Mantinea
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 noble
                 Actions
                 for
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 famous
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 over
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 obstinate
                 Resolution
                 of
                 both
                 Parties
                 occasion'd
                 the
                 Issue
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 doubtful
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 Alexander
                 perceiving
                 how
                 the
                 Love
                 of
                 Liberty
                 inflam'd
                 the
                 Courage
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 began
                 to
                 faint
                 ,
                 commanded
                 the
                 Reserves
                 to
                 relieve
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 ingag'd
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 coming
                 with
                 a
                 fierce
                 and
                 sudden
                 Charge
                 upon
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 now
                 even
                 tir'd
                 out
                 ,
                 bore
                 them
                 down
                 and
                 kill'd
                 multitudes
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 However
                 the
                 Thebans
                 would
                 not
                 yield
                 the
                 Enemy
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 but
                 stood
                 to
                 it
                 with
                 that
                 Obstinacy
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 slighted
                 all
                 Misfortunes
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Valour
                 so
                 strengthen'd
                 their
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 cry'd
                 out
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   the
                
                 Macedonians
                 
                   must
                   own
                   themselves
                   worsted
                   by
                   the
                
                 Thebans
                 .
                 
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 observ'd
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 That
                 when
                 all
                 others
                 (
                 being
                 still
                 press'd
                 upon
                 by
                 their
                 Enemies
                 with
                 fresh
                 Supplies
                 one
                 after
                 another
                 )
                 are
                 wont
                 to
                 flag
                 ,
                 they
                 only
                 are
                 the
                 more
                 Couragious
                 ,
                 even
                 when
                 their
                 weary'd
                 Enemy
                 is
                 reliev'd
                 by
                 fresh
                 Reserves
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 the
                 Armies
                 were
                 thus
                 resolutely
                 engag'd
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 spy'd
                 a
                 Portal
                 without
                 any
                 
                 Guard
                 ,
                 and
                 sends
                 away
                 Perdiccas
                 with
                 some
                 Regiments
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 possess
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 to
                 break
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Perdiccas
                 having
                 presently
                 executed
                 the
                 King's
                 Command
                 ,
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 through
                 this
                 little
                 Gate
                 forthwith
                 rush'd
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 the
                 Thebans
                 had
                 a
                 good
                 while
                 before
                 worsted
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 first
                 Battalion
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 now
                 ingag'd
                 with
                 the
                 second
                 ,
                 and
                 full
                 of
                 Hopes
                 of
                 a
                 perfect
                 Victory
                 ,
                 yet
                 when
                 they
                 understood
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 had
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 they
                 forthwith
                 retir'd
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 .
                 And
                 then
                 both
                 the
                 Horse
                 and
                 Foot
                 hasted
                 back
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 trod
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Fellow-Citizens
                 under
                 Foot
                 ,
                 who
                 there
                 perish'd
                 ;
                 and
                 while
                 they
                 made
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 in
                 this
                 Trepidation
                 and
                 Confusion
                 ,
                 many
                 were
                 kill'd
                 by
                 running
                 upon
                 their
                 own
                 Weapons
                 in
                 the
                 strait
                 and
                 narrow
                 Passages
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 falling
                 into
                 the
                 Trenches
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 this
                 Distraction
                 ,
                 the
                 Garison
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 of
                 Cadmea
                 issu'd
                 forth
                 like
                 a
                 rapid
                 Torrent
                 upon
                 the
                 Backs
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 upon
                 them
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 this
                 Disorder
                 and
                 Confusion
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 them
                 down
                 in
                 Heaps
                 .
                 The
                 City
                 being
                 thus
                 taken
                 ,
                 multitudes
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Cruelties
                 were
                 acted
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 that
                 Insolency
                 of
                 the
                 Common
                 Crier
                 ,
                 were
                 inrag'd
                 against
                 the
                 Thebans
                 beyond
                 what
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 Arms
                 would
                 allow
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 many
                 Threats
                 in
                 their
                 Mouths
                 ,
                 flew
                 upon
                 the
                 miserable
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 all
                 Pity
                 or
                 Compassion
                 put
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 their
                 way
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 among
                 all
                 these
                 Calamities
                 ,
                 the
                 
                 Courage
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 and
                 their
                 Love
                 to
                 their
                 Liberty
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 minding
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 their
                 Lives
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 met
                 any
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 provoke
                 them
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 to
                 kill
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 after
                 the
                 
                 City
                 was
                 taken
                 ,
                 not
                 a
                 Theban
                 ask'd
                 any
                 Quarter
                 from
                 a
                 Macedonian
                 ,
                 not
                 a
                 Man
                 that
                 sordidly
                 
                 bow'd
                 down
                 at
                 the
                 Feet
                 of
                 the
                 Conqueror
                 .
                 Neither
                 had
                 the
                 Enemy
                 any
                 Pitv
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 miserable
                 People
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Day
                 (
                 though
                 it
                 was
                 long
                 )
                 was
                 judg'd
                 too
                 short
                 to
                 satiate
                 their
                 most
                 cruel
                 Revenge
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 City
                 was
                 plunder'd
                 ,
                 poor
                 Children
                 ,
                 Boys
                 and
                 Girls
                 ,
                 were
                 dragg'd
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 ,
                 calling
                 upon
                 their
                 Mothers
                 by
                 their
                 Names
                 with
                 most
                 lamentable
                 Outcries
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 comprehend
                 all
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 Words
                 ,
                 whole
                 Families
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Kindred
                 ,
                 were
                 hurried
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 brought
                 under
                 miserable
                 Slavery
                 .
                 The
                 Bodies
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 lay
                 wounded
                 upon
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 upon
                 the
                 point
                 of
                 Expiring
                 ,
                 yet
                 clasping
                 their
                 Enemy
                 in
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 breath'd
                 out
                 their
                 Last
                 with
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Joy
                 and
                 Content
                 that
                 their
                 Enemy
                 dy'd
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 Others
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 had
                 but
                 a
                 meer
                 Trunk
                 of
                 a
                 Spear
                 to
                 lean
                 upon
                 ,
                 yet
                 sought
                 with
                 whomsoever
                 they
                 met
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 by
                 that
                 last
                 Attempt
                 made
                 it
                 evident
                 ,
                 how
                 far
                 they
                 preferr'd
                 their
                 Liberty
                 before
                 their
                 Lives
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 there
                 was
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Slaughter
                 made
                 ,
                 that
                 every
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 fill'd
                 with
                 dead
                 Carkasses
                 ,
                 yet
                 none
                 that
                 saw
                 the
                 miserable
                 Condition
                 of
                 these
                 poor
                 Wretches
                 pitied
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 even
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Thespians
                   ,
                   Plateans
                   ,
                   Orchomenians
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 who
                 hated
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 who
                 then
                 bore
                 Arms
                 under
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 )
                 broke
                 in
                 with
                 others
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 amongst
                 these
                 dreadful
                 Slaughters
                 executed
                 their
                 
                 Malice
                 upon
                 them
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 many
                 sad
                 Spectacles
                 of
                 most
                 inhumane
                 Cruelty
                 might
                 be
                 seen
                 throughout
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 .
                 Graecians
                 butchering
                 Graecians
                 without
                 all
                 Compassion
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Language
                 ,
                 Blood
                 ,
                 and
                 Nation
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Regard
                 to
                 any
                 of
                 these
                 Obligations
                 ,
                 knock'd
                 on
                 the
                 Head
                 one
                 by
                 another
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 when
                 Night
                 came
                 ,
                 the
                 Houses
                 were
                 pillag'd
                 ,
                 Women
                 young
                 and
                 old
                 were
                 dragg'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Temples
                 ,
                 (
                 whither
                 they
                 had
                 sled
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 most
                 vilely
                 and
                 filthily
                 abus'd
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 kill'd
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 above
                 Six
                 Thousand
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 thousand
                 made
                 Captives
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 vast
                 Treasure
                 carry'd
                 away
                 .
                 Above
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Macedonians
                 were
                 slain
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 King
                 took
                 care
                 to
                 bury
                 .
                 Presently
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 caus'd
                 the
                 General
                 Senate
                 of
                 Greece
                 to
                 meet
                 ,
                 and
                 referr'd
                 it
                 to
                 their
                 Determination
                 how
                 Thebes
                 should
                 be
                 dealt
                 with
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Matter
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 debated
                 ,
                 some
                 who
                 hated
                 the
                 Thebans
                 were
                 for
                 putting
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ;
                 and
                 made
                 it
                 appear
                 how
                 they
                 had
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 against
                 the
                 Greeks
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Xerxes
                 ,
                 they
                 join'd
                 as
                 Confederates
                 with
                 the
                 Persians
                 against
                 Greece
                 ;
                 and
                 were
                 the
                 only
                 Graecians
                 that
                 were
                 honour'd
                 as
                 Friends
                 by
                 the
                 Persian
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Ambassadors
                 plac'd
                 and
                 preferr'd
                 before
                 Kings
                 .
                 These
                 ,
                 and
                 such-like
                 ,
                 being
                 remember'd
                 and
                 inforc'd
                 ,
                 they
                 so
                 incited
                 the
                 Senators
                 against
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 Decreed
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   the
                
                 
                 
                   City
                   should
                   be
                   raz'd
                   to
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Captives
                   sold
                   for
                   Slaves
                   ;
                   That
                   all
                   the
                   Fugitives
                   of
                
                 Thebes
                 
                   should
                   be
                   driven
                   out
                   of
                   all
                   Parts
                   of
                
                 Greece
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   no
                
                 Theban
                 
                   should
                   be
                   entertain'd
                   by
                   any
                
                 Graecian
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 King
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Decree
                 raz'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 struck
                 a
                 Terror
                 into
                 all
                 the
                 Graecians
                 that
                 had
                 revolted
                 .
                 By
                 the
                 Sale
                 of
                 the
                 Captives
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 Four
                 hundred
                 and
                 forty
                 Talents
                 of
                 Silver
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 to
                 Athens
                 to
                 demand
                 Ten
                 of
                 the
                 Orators
                 to
                 be
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 (
                 amongst
                 whom
                 Demosthenes
                 and
                 Lycurgus
                 were
                 the
                 chief
                 ,
                 )
                 because
                 they
                 had
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 
                 the
                 People
                 against
                 him
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 a
                 General
                 Assembly
                 was
                 call'd
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 were
                 introduc'd
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 deliver'd
                 their
                 Message
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 were
                 greatly
                 troubled
                 and
                 perplex'd
                 ,
                 desiring
                 on
                 the
                 one
                 hand
                 to
                 preserve
                 the
                 Honour
                 and
                 Dignity
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 to
                 consult
                 their
                 own
                 Safety
                 ,
                 considering
                 the
                 Destruction
                 of
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 some
                 eminent
                 Mischief
                 might
                 befal
                 themselves
                 ;
                 and
                 thus
                 they
                 were
                 made
                 more
                 cautious
                 by
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 Misfortunes
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 after
                 many
                 Speeches
                 made
                 in
                 the
                 Assembly
                 upon
                 this
                 Account
                 ,
                 Phocio
                 ,
                 that
                 good
                 Man
                 ,
                 who
                 differ'd
                 from
                 Demosthenes
                 in
                 his
                 Politicks
                 ,
                 stood
                 up
                 and
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   it
                   would
                   very
                   well
                   become
                   those
                   who
                   were
                   demanded
                   to
                   imitate
                   the
                   Daughters
                   of
                
                 *
                 Leo
                 
                   and
                   the
                
                 †
                 Hyacinthides
                 ,
                 
                   by
                   offering
                   up
                   their
                   Lives
                   of
                   their
                   own
                   accord
                   to
                   prevent
                   the
                   Ruin
                   of
                   their
                   Country
                   .
                
                 And
                 told
                 them
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   it
                   was
                   Baseness
                   and
                   Cowardise
                   to
                   refuse
                   to
                   dye
                   for
                   the
                   Preservation
                   of
                   the
                   City
                   .
                
              
               
                 At
                 this
                 Motion
                 the
                 People
                 were
                 highly
                 incens'd
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 popular
                 Tumult
                 threw
                 Phocio
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 People
                 (
                 by
                 a
                 studied
                 Speech
                 made
                 by
                 Demosthenes
                 )
                 being
                 mov'd
                 to
                 Compassion
                 ,
                 declar'd
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   they
                   would
                   defend
                   the
                   Men
                   to
                   the
                   utmost
                   .
                
                 At
                 length
                 Demades
                 ,
                 wrought
                 upon
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 reported
                 )
                 by
                 the
                 Friends
                 of
                 Demosthenes
                 ,
                 for
                 Five
                 Talents
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 gave
                 his
                 Opinion
                 for
                 the
                 securing
                 and
                 preserving
                 of
                 the
                 Orators
                 ;
                 and
                 read
                 the
                 Decree
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 drawn
                 by
                 himself
                 with
                 great
                 Cunning
                 and
                 Artifice
                 .
                 
                 In
                 which
                 was
                 contain'd
                 an
                 Apology
                 for
                 the
                 Orators
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Promise
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 guilty
                 ,
                 they
                 themselves
                 would
                 punish
                 them
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Laws
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 People
                 approv'd
                 and
                 ratify'd
                 what
                 Demades
                 had
                 read
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 him
                 with
                 some
                 others
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 with
                 Order
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 intercede
                 likewise
                 on
                 the
                 behalf
                 of
                 the
                 Theban
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 might
                 lawfully
                 receive
                 and
                 entertain
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Demades
                 wisely
                 manag'd
                 his
                 Embassy
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 Eloquence
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 in
                 every
                 respect
                 .
                 For
                 Alexander
                 both
                 pardon'd
                 the
                 Orators
                 ,
                 and
                 granted
                 all
                 other
                 Things
                 
                 the
                 Athenians
                 desir'd
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 the
                 King
                 march'd
                 back
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 a
                 General
                 
                 Council
                 of
                 his
                 Officers
                 and
                 chief
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 met
                 together
                 ,
                 he
                 ask'd
                 their
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 what
                 they
                 thought
                 of
                 an
                 Expedition
                 into
                 Asia
                 ?
                 When
                 it
                 was
                 fit
                 to
                 begin
                 the
                 War
                 ?
                 And
                 how
                 it
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 manag'd
                 ?
                 The
                 Counsel
                 ,
                 indeed
                 ,
                 of
                 Antipater
                 and
                 Parmenio
                 was
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 first
                 Marry
                 and
                 have
                 Issue
                 to
                 succeed
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 set
                 upon
                 matters
                 that
                 were
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 Weight
                 and
                 Concernment
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 natuturally
                 fierce
                 ,
                 and
                 could
                 not
                 endure
                 stops
                 and
                 delays
                 in
                 Business
                 ,
                 rejected
                 their
                 Advice
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 Mean
                 and
                 Unworthy
                 thing
                 for
                 him
                 who
                 was
                 created
                 General
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 that
                 never
                 knew
                 what
                 it
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 conquer'd
                 ,
                 to
                 stay
                 at
                 home
                 meerly
                 to
                 Marry
                 and
                 beget
                 Children
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 set
                 before
                 them
                 the
                 Advantages
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 encourag'd
                 them
                 to
                 undertake
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 offer'd
                 most
                 magnificent
                 Sacrifices
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 at
                 Dium
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 and
                 exhibited
                 the
                 Sports
                 and
                 Plays
                 which
                 his
                 Ancestor
                 Archilaus
                 had
                 instituted
                 to
                 Jupiter
                 and
                 the
                 Muses
                 .
                 This
                 Solemnity
                 continu'd
                 Nine
                 days
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 the
                 Muses
                 ,
                 a
                 Day
                 for
                 every
                 Muse
                 .
                 He
                 provided
                 likewise
                 a
                 Pavilion
                 which
                 would
                 contain
                 an
                 *
                 Hundred
                 Beds
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 Feasted
                 ,
                 and
                 entertain'd
                 all
                 his
                 Friends
                 and
                 Commanders
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 Ambassadors
                 of
                 Cities
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 these
                 Sumptuous
                 Feasts
                 were
                 over
                 (
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 kindly
                 entertain'd
                 a
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 People
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 distributed
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 fuitable
                 to
                 the
                 Magnificence
                 of
                 the
                 Festival
                 amongst
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 )
                 he
                 Rendezvous'd
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 from
                 all
                 parts
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 II.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Alexander
                   lands
                   his
                   Army
                   in
                   Asia
                   .
                   The
                   Battel
                   at
                   Granicum
                   .
                   The
                   Forces
                   of
                   the
                   Persians
                   and
                   of
                   
                     Alexander
                     .
                     Alexander
                  
                   kills
                   Spithrobates
                   ;
                   near
                   being
                   kill'd
                   by
                   
                     Rosaces
                     .
                     Miletus
                  
                   besieg'd
                   and
                   taken
                   .
                   Ada
                   ,
                   Queen
                   of
                   Caria
                   ,
                   meets
                   
                     Alexander
                     .
                     Halicarnassus
                  
                   besieg'd
                   ,
                   taken
                   ,
                   and
                   sack'd
                   .
                   The
                   strange
                   Act
                   of
                   the
                   Marmarians
                   .
                
              
               
                 CTesides
                 was
                 Lord-Chancellor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Sulpitius
                
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Papirius
                
                 ,
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 when
                 Alexander
                 at
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 pass'd
                 over
                 his
                 Army
                 out
                 of
                 Europe
                 
                 into
                 Asia
                 .
                 Being
                 arrived
                 at
                 Troas
                 with
                 sixty
                 Sail
                 of
                 *
                 Long
                 Ships
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 that
                 cast
                 a
                 Spear
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ship
                 ,
                 which
                 fixt
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 upon
                 the
                 Shore
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 leapt
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 signifying
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 he
                 had
                 taken
                 Possession
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 conquer'd
                 by
                 his
                 Spear
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 he
                 Sacrific'd
                 to
                 the
                 Ghosts
                 of
                 Achilles
                 and
                 Ajax
                 ,
                 performing
                 all
                 other
                 Rites
                 and
                 Ceremonies
                 proper
                 to
                 the
                 Veneration
                 of
                 those
                 Heroes
                 .
                 When
                 that
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 an
                 exact
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 those
                 Forces
                 he
                 had
                 transported
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 found
                 to
                 amount
                 unto
                 †
                 Thirteen
                 thousand
                 Macedonian
                 Foot
                 ,
                 Seven
                 thousand
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Mercenaries
                 .
                 Parmenio
                 had
                 the
                 chief
                 Command
                 of
                 all
                 these
                 .
                 Besides
                 these
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 the
                 *
                 
                   Odrise
                   ,
                   Treballians
                
                 and
                 Illyrians
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 Five
                 thousand
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Darters
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Agrians
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 there
                 were
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 Foot.
                 For
                 Horse
                 there
                 were
                 Eighteen
                 hundred
                 rais'd
                 out
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Philotas
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Parmenio
                 .
                 As
                 many
                 out
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 Commanded
                 by
                 Callas
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Harpalus
                 .
                 From
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 Greece
                 Six
                 hundred
                 led
                 by
                 Eurygius
                 .
                 Besides
                 these
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 Nine
                 hundred
                 Thracians
                 and
                 Peonians
                 in
                 the
                 Van
                 ,
                 whose
                 Commander
                 was
                 Cassander
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 Body
                 of
                 Horse
                 was
                 *
                 Four
                 thousand
                 five
                 hundred
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 is
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 Landed
                 in
                 Asia
                 with
                 Alexander
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 in
                 Europe
                 ,
                 Twelve
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 **
                 Eleven
                 thousand
                 five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 .
              
               
               
                 When
                 he
                 departed
                 from
                 Troas
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 ***
                 Temple
                 of
                 Minerva
                 ,
                 the
                 Priest
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 seeing
                 the
                 Statue
                 of
                 Ariobarzanes
                 (
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 Lord-Lieutenant
                 of
                 Phrygia
                 )
                 lie
                 prostrate
                 upon
                 the
                 Ground
                 before
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 and
                 observing
                 several
                 other
                 
                 good
                 Omens
                 ,
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 told
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 Conqueror
                 in
                 a
                 considerable
                 Horse
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 especially
                 if
                 he
                 fought
                 in
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 kill
                 a
                 great
                 Commander
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Hand
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 were
                 foretold
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 by
                 Minerva
                 ,
                 who
                 would
                 be
                 assistant
                 to
                 him
                 in
                 obtaining
                 of
                 his
                 Victories
                 .
              
               
                 Alexander
                 much
                 taken
                 with
                 this
                 Prophecy
                 ,
                 and
                 relying
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 offer'd
                 to
                 Minerva
                 a
                 most
                 Splendid
                 Sacrifice
                 ,
                 and
                 dedicated
                 his
                 Arms
                 to
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 away
                 others
                 (
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 laid
                 up
                 there
                 )
                 in
                 their
                 stead
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 Fight
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 a
                 most
                 glorious
                 Victory
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 peculiar
                 Valour
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 happen'd
                 some
                 few
                 days
                 after
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Persian
                 Lord-Lieutenants
                 and
                 Commanders
                 (
                 who
                 through
                 their
                 sloath
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 put
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 the
                 Progress
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 )
                 met
                 together
                 to
                 consult
                 how
                 to
                 manage
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 
                   Alexander
                   .
                   Memnon
                
                 the
                 Rhodian
                 ,
                 one
                 there
                 amongst
                 them
                 (
                 a
                 very
                 skilful
                 General
                 )
                 was
                 not
                 for
                 fighting
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 Check
                 to
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 by
                 destroying
                 the
                 Country
                 all
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 they
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 march
                 forward
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Provision
                 :
                 And
                 was
                 for
                 bringing
                 over
                 both
                 Land
                 and
                 Sea
                 Forces
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 to
                 make
                 that
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 Although
                 this
                 was
                 sound
                 Advice
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Event
                 made
                 it
                 afterwards
                 evident
                 )
                 yet
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Commanders
                 would
                 not
                 hearken
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 looking
                 upon
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 thing
                 Dishonourable
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 reflecting
                 upon
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 being
                 therefore
                 resolv'd
                 upon
                 a
                 Battel
                 ,
                 Forces
                 were
                 brought
                 together
                 from
                 all
                 parts
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 the
                 Lord-Lieutenants
                 being
                 now
                 much
                 Superior
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 march'd
                 towards
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 in
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 and
                 Encamp'd
                 close
                 by
                 the
                 River
                 Granicus
                 ,
                 having
                 the
                 River
                 for
                 a
                 Defence
                 between
                 them
                 and
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
              
               
                 Alexander
                 having
                 intelligence
                 of
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 swift
                 march
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 up
                 so
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 River
                 only
                 separated
                 both
                 Armies
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 stood
                 in
                 Battallia
                 at
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 the
                 Hill
                 ,
                 judging
                 it
                 would
                 do
                 their
                 business
                 effectually
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 sure
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 ,
                 by
                 falling
                 upon
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 Passage
                 over
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 breaking
                 in
                 pieces
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 *
                 Battallion
                 .
                 But
                 Alexander
                 prevented
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 great
                 Courage
                 pass'd
                 over
                 his
                 Army
                 about
                 break
                 of
                 Day
                 ,
                 and
                 drew
                 up
                 his
                 Men
                 in
                 order
                 of
                 Battel
                 .
                 The
                 Barbarians
                 drew
                 up
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 of
                 their
                 Horse
                 against
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 had
                 before
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 begin
                 the
                 Fight
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 Memnon
                 the
                 Rhodian
                 ,
                 and
                 Arsamenes
                 the
                 Lord
                 Lieutenant
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 several
                 Regiments
                 of
                 Horse
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Left
                 Wing
                 ,
                 supported
                 by
                 Arsites
                 ,
                 who
                 commanded
                 the
                 Paphlagonian
                 Horse
                 ;
                 and
                 next
                 to
                 him
                 Spithrobates
                 ,
                 Lord-Lieutenant
                 of
                 Ionia
                 ,
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 Hyrcania
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Left
                 Wing
                 were
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Median
                 Horse
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Conduct
                 of
                 Arrheomithres
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 number
                 from
                 Bactria
                 .
                 In
                 
                 the
                 main
                 Body
                 was
                 a
                 vast
                 Number
                 of
                 Horse
                 of
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 most
                 Experienc'd
                 Soldiers
                 ;
                 the
                 whole
                 amounted
                 to
                 above
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Persian
                 Foot
                 were
                 at
                 least
                 a
                 Hundred
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 stood
                 drawn
                 up
                 behind
                 
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 without
                 moving
                 a
                 Foot
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 concluded
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Horse
                 themselves
                 would
                 serve
                 the
                 turn
                 to
                 rout
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Horse
                 charg'd
                 with
                 great
                 Resolution
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 especially
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 
                 in
                 the
                 Left
                 Wing
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Parmenio
                 ,
                 bore
                 the
                 brunt
                 of
                 a
                 brisk
                 Charge
                 with
                 undaunted
                 Courage
                 .
              
               
                 Alexander
                 with
                 the
                 choicest
                 Body
                 of
                 Horse
                 in
                 the
                 Left
                 Wing
                 ,
                 setting
                 Spurs
                 to
                 his
                 Horse
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 charg'd
                 ,
                 and
                 rushing
                 into
                 the
                 Thickest
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 made
                 great
                 slaughter
                 amongst
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 The
                 Barbarians
                 fought
                 valiantly
                 striving
                 to
                 outdo
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 Fortune
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 brought
                 together
                 the
                 Persons
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Quality
                 into
                 the
                 Place
                 .
                 For
                 Spithrobates
                 the
                 chief
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Ionia
                 ,
                 a
                 Persian
                 ,
                 and
                 Son
                 in
                 Law
                 
                 to
                 Darius
                 ,
                 a
                 very
                 Valiant
                 Man
                 ,
                 charg'd
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Body
                 of
                 Horse
                 ,
                 seconded
                 by
                 Forty
                 of
                 his
                 Guard
                 ,
                 all
                 of
                 his
                 Kindred
                 ,
                 and
                 inferior
                 to
                 none
                 for
                 Valour
                 and
                 Courage
                 ;
                 with
                 these
                 he
                 put
                 the
                 Enemy
                 hard
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 lays
                 about
                 him
                 with
                 great
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 killing
                 some
                 and
                 wounding
                 others
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 none
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 deal
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 rid
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Barbarian
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 with
                 him
                 hand
                 to
                 hand
                 .
              
               
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 the
                 Persian
                 concluding
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Gods
                 of
                 their
                 special
                 favour
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 had
                 given
                 him
                 the
                 opportunity
                 of
                 an
                 Happy
                 Combate
                 ,
                 (
                 especially
                 ,
                 if
                 by
                 his
                 Valour
                 he
                 should
                 free
                 all
                 Asia
                 from
                 their
                 Fears
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 hands
                 give
                 a
                 Check
                 to
                 these
                 audacious
                 Attempts
                 of
                 Alexander
                 that
                 rung
                 so
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 over
                 ,
                 and
                 prevent
                 the
                 Dishonor
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Persians
                 )
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 cast
                 his
                 *
                 Javelin
                 at
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 such
                 Force
                 and
                 Violence
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 pierc'd
                 through
                 his
                 Buckler
                 and
                 Breast-plate
                 into
                 his
                 right
                 Shoulder-blade
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 plucking
                 out
                 the
                 Dart
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Hand
                 ,
                 threw
                 it
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 setting
                 Spurs
                 to
                 his
                 Horse
                 flew
                 upon
                 the
                 Persian
                 Lord-Lieutenant
                 with
                 that
                 Fierceness
                 and
                 Violence
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 fix'd
                 his
                 Spear
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 his
                 Breast
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Battalions
                 of
                 both
                 Armies
                 there
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 in
                 admiration
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 singular
                 Valour
                 ,
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 shout
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Point
                 breaking
                 in
                 the
                 Breast-plate
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Spear
                 pierc'd
                 no
                 further
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 Persian
                 made
                 at
                 Alexander
                 with
                 his
                 drawn
                 Sword
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 got
                 another
                 Lance
                 threw
                 it
                 directly
                 into
                 his
                 Face
                 ,
                 and
                 pierc'd
                 him
                 through
                 the
                 Head
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 instance
                 ,
                 Rosaces
                 ,
                 Brother
                 to
                 him
                 that
                 was
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 came
                 swiftly
                 riding
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 reach'd
                 the
                 King
                 such
                 a
                 Blow
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 he
                 cut
                 through
                 his
                 Helmet
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 him
                 a
                 slight
                 wound
                 upon
                 the
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 just
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 ready
                 to
                 second
                 his
                 stroke
                 ,
                 Clitus
                 ,
                 Sirnam'd
                 Niger
                 ,
                 posts
                 up
                 and
                 cuts
                 off
                 the
                 Hand
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarian
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Kinsmen
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 Brothers
                 (
                 now
                 both
                 fallen
                 )
                 came
                 round
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 ply'd
                 Alexander
                 with
                 their
                 Darts
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 fell
                 to
                 it
                 hand
                 to
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 ran
                 through
                 all
                 hazards
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 kill
                 Alexander
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 inviron'd
                 with
                 imminent
                 Hazards
                 and
                 Dangers
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 throng
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 did
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 daunt
                 him
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 three
                 strokes
                 through
                 his
                 Breast
                 plate
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 Cut
                 upon
                 his
                 Helmet
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 his
                 Buckler
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 brought
                 from
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Minerva
                 ,
                 thrice
                 pierc'd
                 through
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 stirr'd
                 not
                 a
                 Foot
                 ,
                 but
                 stood
                 his
                 ground
                 against
                 all
                 Hazards
                 and
                 Difficulties
                 with
                 undaunted
                 Resolution
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 other
                 brave
                 Commanders
                 fell
                 round
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 among
                 whom
                 the
                 most
                 remarkable
                 were
                 Artyaxes
                 ,
                 and
                 Pharnaces
                 ,
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Darius
                 ,
                 and
                 Mithrobarzanes
                 the
                 Commander
                 of
                 the
                 Cappadocians
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 many
                 great
                 Officers
                 being
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Troops
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 routed
                 and
                 broken
                 by
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 fell
                 in
                 upon
                 Alexander
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 take
                 to
                 their
                 Heels
                 .
                 And
                 after
                 them
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 
                 In
                 this
                 Battel
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Confession
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 Alexander
                 was
                 cry'd
                 up
                 above
                 all
                 others
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 reputed
                 the
                 chief
                 Instrument
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
                 The
                 Thessalian
                 Horse
                 manag'd
                 their
                 Troops
                 with
                 that
                 Dexterity
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 with
                 that
                 brave
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 that
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 most
                 highly
                 applauded
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 exceeding
                 Honour
                 and
                 Reputation
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Horse
                 was
                 routed
                 and
                 fled
                 ,
                 the
                 Foot
                 running
                 one
                 in
                 upon
                 another
                 in
                 confusion
                 fought
                 a
                 while
                 ,
                 but
                 amaz'd
                 and
                 dejected
                 with
                 the
                 flight
                 of
                 their
                 Horse
                 ,
                 they
                 likewise
                 turn'd
                 their
                 Backs
                 and
                 made
                 away
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 were
                 kill'd
                 in
                 the
                 Persian
                 Army
                 above
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 least
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Battel
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 buried
                 those
                 of
                 his
                 that
                 were
                 slain
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 Solemnity
                 ,
                 by
                 these
                 Honours
                 to
                 encourage
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 fight
                 the
                 more
                 readily
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 refresh'd
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 forward
                 through
                 Lydia
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 Sardis
                 ,
                 which
                 with
                 the
                 Cittadel
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Provision
                 and
                 Treasure
                 therein
                 ,
                 were
                 voluntarily
                 surrender'd
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 *
                 Mithrinnes
                 the
                 Governor
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 those
                 Persians
                 that
                 had
                 escap'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 ,
                 fled
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 their
                 General
                 ,
                 Memnon
                 ,
                 to
                 Miletus
                 ,
                 before
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 afterwards
                 came
                 ,
                 and
                 assaulted
                 it
                 continually
                 for
                 several
                 days
                 together
                 ,
                 still
                 relieving
                 his
                 Men
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 with
                 
                 fresh
                 Supplies
                 .
                 The
                 Besieged
                 at
                 first
                 easily
                 defended
                 themselves
                 from
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 plentifully
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Weapons
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 enduring
                 of
                 a
                 Siege
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 King
                 began
                 fiercely
                 to
                 
                 batter
                 the
                 Walls
                 with
                 his
                 Engines
                 ,
                 and
                 violently
                 to
                 push
                 on
                 the
                 Siege
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 had
                 forc'd
                 their
                 way
                 through
                 a
                 Breach
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 putting
                 their
                 Enemies
                 to
                 flight
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 ;
                 the
                 Milesians
                 forthwith
                 prostrated
                 themselves
                 as
                 suppliants
                 at
                 the
                 King's
                 Feet
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 up
                 themselves
                 and
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 his
                 Mercy
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Barbarians
                 were
                 kill'd
                 by
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 others
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 were
                 all
                 taken
                 .
                 He
                 dealt
                 kindly
                 and
                 mercifully
                 with
                 the
                 Milesians
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 others
                 ,
                 he
                 sold
                 them
                 all
                 for
                 Slaves
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 having
                 no
                 further
                 use
                 for
                 his
                 Navy
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 likewise
                 chargeable
                 to
                 maintain
                 ,
                 he
                 dismiss'd
                 his
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 except
                 a
                 few
                 Ships
                 which
                 he
                 detain'd
                 for
                 the
                 Conveying
                 of
                 his
                 Engines
                 of
                 Battery
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Instruments
                 useful
                 for
                 the
                 Besieging
                 of
                 Towns.
                 Among
                 which
                 were
                 Twenty
                 Vessels
                 from
                 Athens
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 who
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Discharging
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 was
                 a
                 prudent
                 part
                 of
                 a
                 General
                 in
                 Alexander
                 .
                 For
                 Darius
                 being
                 on
                 his
                 march
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 very
                 likely
                 that
                 a
                 great
                 Battel
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 fought
                 ,
                 he
                 conceiv'd
                 that
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 would
                 fight
                 with
                 more
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 possibility
                 of
                 flight
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 Project
                 he
                 
                 contriv'd
                 at
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Granicum
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 so
                 order'd
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 River
                 should
                 be
                 at
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 back
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 might
                 have
                 a
                 Thought
                 of
                 flying
                 ,
                 since
                 the
                 River
                 threatned
                 certain
                 destruction
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 attempted
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 following
                 times
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 follow'd
                 this
                 Example
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 gain'd
                 a
                 glorious
                 Victory
                 .
                 For
                 having
                 transported
                 a
                 small
                 Army
                 into
                 Africa
                 ,
                 he
                 set
                 all
                 his
                 Ships
                 on
                 fire
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 all
                 hope
                 from
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 of
                 escaping
                 by
                 flight
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 being
                 forc'd
                 of
                 necessity
                 to
                 stand
                 to
                 it
                 courageously
                 ,
                 he
                 overcame
                 many
                 thousands
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 drawn
                 up
                 against
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 Miletus
                 ,
                 both
                 Persians
                 and
                 Mercenaries
                 with
                 their
                 chiefest
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 came
                 flocking
                 to
                 Halicarnassus
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 then
                 the
                 greatest
                 City
                 in
                 Caria
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 
                 was
                 a
                 Palace
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 most
                 curious
                 ,
                 Turrets
                 and
                 Cittadels
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 Memnon
                 sent
                 away
                 his
                 Wife
                 and
                 Children
                 to
                 Darius
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 for
                 
                 their
                 security
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 induce
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 having
                 such
                 considerable
                 Hostages
                 in
                 his
                 hands
                 to
                 intrust
                 him
                 with
                 more
                 confidence
                 in
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 Which
                 happen'd
                 accordingly
                 ;
                 for
                 Darius
                 presently
                 sent
                 Letters
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 observant
                 in
                 every
                 thing
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Commands
                 of
                 Memnon
                 .
                 Being
                 made
                 therefore
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 provided
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 Halicarnassus
                 against
                 a
                 Siege
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 King
                 sent
                 away
                 his
                 Engines
                 of
                 Battery
                 ,
                 and
                 Corn
                 and
                 Provision
                 by
                 Sea
                 ,
                 to
                 Halicarnassus
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 march'd
                 into
                 Caria
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 ever
                 he
                 came
                 he
                 gain'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Cities
                 by
                 his
                 smooth
                 Tongue
                 ,
                 and
                 courteous
                 Behaviour
                 .
                 The
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 especially
                 tasted
                 of
                 his
                 Grace
                 and
                 Favour
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 gave
                 all
                 Liberty
                 to
                 govern
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 free
                 from
                 Tribute
                 ,
                 declaring
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 undertaken
                 a
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Persians
                 for
                 the
                 Rights
                 and
                 Liberties
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 he
                 was
                 upon
                 his
                 March
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 met
                 by
                 a
                 Noble
                 Woman
                 call'd
                 Ada
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Lineage
                 
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Caria
                 ,
                 who
                 upon
                 discourse
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 concerning
                 the
                 Right
                 of
                 her
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 intreated
                 him
                 to
                 restore
                 her
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 her
                 Grandfather
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 gave
                 up
                 to
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 bid
                 ,
                 her
                 take
                 it
                 as
                 her
                 own
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 bounty
                 to
                 the
                 Woman
                 ,
                 he
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 sent
                 their
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 presenting
                 him
                 with
                 Crowns
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 promis'd
                 and
                 offer'd
                 to
                 serve
                 him
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 of
                 their
                 Power
                 .
              
               
                 Alexander
                 now
                 Encamps
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 assaults
                 the
                 Town
                 in
                 a
                 furious
                 
                 and
                 terrible
                 Manner
                 .
                 :
                 For
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 Beginning
                 ;
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 by
                 turns
                 storm'd
                 the
                 Walls
                 without
                 any
                 intermission
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Conflict
                 continu'd
                 whole
                 days
                 together
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 brought
                 up
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Engines
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 fill'd
                 up
                 the
                 Trenches
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 three
                 Machines
                 call'd
                 Snails
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 with
                 his
                 Rams
                 batter'd
                 down
                 the
                 Towers
                 and
                 Walls
                 that
                 ran
                 along
                 between
                 them
                 .
                 Part
                 being
                 thus
                 beaten
                 down
                 ,
                 he
                 engag'd
                 in
                 the
                 Breach
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 force
                 his
                 way
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 over
                 the
                 Rubbish
                 .
                 But
                 Memnon
                 easily
                 repuls'd
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 (
                 who
                 first
                 assaulted
                 the
                 Wall
                 )
                 there
                 being
                 many
                 Men
                 within
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Engines
                 were
                 brought
                 up
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 Sally
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 fir'd
                 them
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 sharp
                 Conflicts
                 before
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 far
                 excell'd
                 the
                 other
                 for
                 Valour
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Persians
                 them
                 for
                 number
                 of
                 Men
                 and
                 all
                 Warlike
                 Provisions
                 .
                 But
                 those
                 upon
                 the
                 Walls
                 were
                 of
                 great
                 advantage
                 to
                 the
                 Persians
                 that
                 were
                 engag'd
                 in
                 the
                 Sally
                 ,
                 by
                 galling
                 their
                 Enemies
                 with
                 their
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 attended
                 with
                 Death
                 and
                 Wounds
                 ;
                 shouting
                 of
                 Men
                 and
                 sounding
                 of
                 Trumpets
                 ,
                 every
                 where
                 eccho'd
                 in
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 with
                 loud
                 Acclamations
                 ,
                 applauded
                 the
                 noble
                 Actions
                 of
                 their
                 several
                 Parties
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 some
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 extinguish
                 the
                 mounting
                 Flames
                 of
                 the
                 Engines
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 engaging
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 made
                 grievous
                 slaughters
                 among
                 their
                 Adversaries
                 .
                 Those
                 within
                 rais'd
                 up
                 other
                 Walls
                 much
                 stronger
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 batter'd
                 down
                 .
                 The
                 Commanders
                 with
                 Memnon
                 being
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 ,
                 encourag'd
                 their
                 Men
                 to
                 stand
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 offering
                 great
                 Rewards
                 to
                 such
                 as
                 valiantly
                 behav'd
                 themselves
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 incredible
                 with
                 what
                 Heat
                 and
                 Spirit
                 every
                 one
                 was
                 push'd
                 on
                 forward
                 to
                 win
                 the
                 Day
                 .
                 Then
                 might
                 be
                 seen
                 some
                 carry'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 so
                 wounded
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 breathing
                 out
                 their
                 last
                 ;
                 others
                 gather'd
                 in
                 a
                 round
                 about
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 ,
                 and
                 sharply
                 engag'd
                 
                 in
                 striving
                 to
                 carry
                 off
                 the
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 their
                 Burial
                 .
                 Others
                 but
                 even
                 now
                 tyr'd
                 out
                 with
                 Wounds
                 ,
                 and
                 Blows
                 ,
                 presently
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 Encouragement
                 of
                 the
                 Officers
                 )
                 recovering
                 their
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 fell
                 to
                 it
                 briskly
                 again
                 .
              
               
               
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 (
                 among
                 whom
                 was
                 Neoptolimus
                 ,
                 an
                 honourable
                 Person
                 )
                 were
                 slain
                 ,
                 even
                 under
                 the
                 City
                 Gates
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 Towers
                 and
                 two
                 Flanks
                 were
                 batter'd
                 down
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 some
                 Drunken
                 Soldiers
                 of
                 Perdiccas
                 rashly
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 mounted
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 Cittadel
                 :
                 But
                 Memnon
                 understanding
                 in
                 what
                 plight
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 Sally
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 much
                 Superior
                 in
                 number
                 repuls'd
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 ,
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 came
                 flocking
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 aid
                 of
                 their
                 Fellows
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 brisk
                 Encounter
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 when
                 those
                 with
                 Alexander
                 appear'd
                 and
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 the
                 Persians
                 flag'd
                 and
                 were
                 beaten
                 back
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 King
                 sent
                 *
                 a
                 Trumpeter
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Truce
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 carry
                 off
                 those
                 Macedonians
                 that
                 were
                 slain
                 before
                 the
                 Walls
                 :
                 But
                 Ephialtes
                 and
                 Thrasybulus
                 ,
                 both
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 in
                 Arms
                 for
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 gave
                 advice
                 not
                 to
                 suffer
                 the
                 Dead
                 to
                 be
                 bury'd
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 Memnon
                 granted
                 what
                 the
                 King
                 desir'd
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 Ephialtes
                 in
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 declar'd
                 his
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 advisable
                 for
                 them
                 to
                 stay
                 till
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 taken
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 all
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 all
                 the
                 Officers
                 with
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 to
                 venture
                 their
                 Lives
                 for
                 the
                 Safety
                 and
                 Security
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 sally
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 Memnon
                 perceiving
                 Ephialtes
                 to
                 be
                 prompted
                 to
                 Action
                 by
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 Impulse
                 of
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 placing
                 
                 great
                 Confidence
                 in
                 him
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 Courage
                 and
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 agreed
                 to
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 advis'd
                 .
                 In
                 order
                 to
                 which
                 ,
                 he
                 appointed
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Soldiers
                 he
                 could
                 pick
                 out
                 ,
                 to
                 sally
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 one
                 half
                 of
                 whom
                 were
                 commanded
                 to
                 carry
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 light
                 Firebrands
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 to
                 fall
                 in
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 About
                 break
                 of
                 Day
                 the
                 Gates
                 were
                 suddenly
                 flung
                 open
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Regiments
                 issue
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 cast
                 their
                 Fire
                 brands
                 among
                 the
                 Engines
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 a
                 great
                 Flame
                 presently
                 appear'd
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 at
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 others
                 form'd
                 into
                 a
                 deep
                 Phalanx
                 charg'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 hasting
                 to
                 preserve
                 and
                 defend
                 the
                 Engines
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 ,
                 quick
                 in
                 discerning
                 what
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 places
                 the
                 chief
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Soldiers
                 next
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 support
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 these
                 he
                 adds
                 a
                 third
                 Battalion
                 ,
                 for
                 Valour
                 excelling
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ;
                 The
                 whole
                 Body
                 he
                 led
                 up
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 who
                 seem'd
                 (
                 through
                 their
                 firm
                 and
                 close
                 Order
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 impenetrable
                 ;
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 broken
                 by
                 any
                 Force
                 whatsoever
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 he
                 commands
                 others
                 to
                 go
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Engines
                 ,
                 and
                 quench
                 the
                 Fire
                 .
                 Noise
                 and
                 Clamour
                 fill'd
                 the
                 Camps
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Trumpet
                 giving
                 the
                 Alarm
                 to
                 Battel
                 ,
                 they
                 fell
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 fighting
                 with
                 more
                 than
                 ordinary
                 Valour
                 ,
                 ambitious
                 to
                 purchase
                 Honour
                 and
                 Renown
                 .
                 The
                 Macedonians
                 easily
                 quench'd
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 Conflict
                 ,
                 those
                 with
                 Ephialtes
                 got
                 the
                 better
                 .
                 For
                 with
                 whomsoever
                 he
                 engag'd
                 ,
                 (
                 being
                 of
                 a
                 far
                 stronger
                 
                 Body
                 than
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 )
                 he
                 certainly
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 upon
                 the
                 new
                 Wall
                 slew
                 many
                 with
                 their
                 Darts
                 .
                 For
                 upon
                 this
                 Wall
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Wooden
                 Tower
                 erected
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Cubits
                 high
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 Engines
                 for
                 shooting
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 therefore
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 being
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 retreating
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 Darts
                 ,
                 and
                 Memnon
                 coming
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 with
                 a
                 far
                 greater
                 Number
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 himself
                 knew
                 not
                 well
                 what
                 to
                 do
                 .
                 While
                 they
                 that
                 issu'd
                 
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 thus
                 prevail'd
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 the
                 Tables
                 were
                 turn'd
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 old
                 Macedonians
                 (
                 who
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 Age
                 were
                 to
                 this
                 time
                 dispens'd
                 with
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 call'd
                 to
                 Fight
                 ,
                 though
                 formerly
                 Victorious
                 in
                 many
                 Battels
                 under
                 King
                 
                   Philip
                   ,
                
                 )
                 now
                 at
                 this
                 very
                 instant
                 were
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 to
                 their
                 anient
                 Courage
                 and
                 Resolution
                 .
                 And
                 being
                 both
                 Valiant
                 and
                 Expert
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 (
                 far
                 beyond
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 )
                 they
                 upbraided
                 the
                 Cowardice
                 of
                 the
                 Fresh-water
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 who
                 turn'd
                 their
                 Back
                 ,
                 with
                 most
                 bitter
                 Taunts
                 and
                 Reproaches
                 :
                 These
                 presently
                 getting
                 into
                 a
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 clapping
                 their
                 Bucklers
                 one
                 into
                 another
                 ,
                 fell
                 in
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 (
                 now
                 confident
                 of
                 an
                 assured
                 Victory
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 having
                 killed
                 Ephialtes
                 and
                 many
                 others
                 ,
                 forc'd
                 the
                 rest
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 being
                 mix'd
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 the
                 Night-time
                 ,
                 enter'd
                 pell-mell
                 with
                 them
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 King
                 order'd
                 a
                 Retreat
                 to
                 be
                 sounded
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 they
                 return'd
                 into
                 the
                 Camp.
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 Memnon
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Commanders
                 consulted
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 determin'd
                 to
                 leave
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 In
                 execution
                 of
                 which
                 Resolve
                 ,
                 they
                 left
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Cittadel
                 with
                 sufficient
                 Provision
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Things
                 necessary
                 ,
                 and
                 transported
                 themselves
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 their
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 into
                 Coos
                 .
              
               
                 Alexander
                 about
                 spring
                 of
                 Day
                 understanding
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 cast
                 a
                 Trench
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 a
                 Rampart
                 upon
                 it
                 round
                 about
                 the
                 Castle
                 ;
                 and
                 raz'd
                 the
                 City
                 it self
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
                 
                 Then
                 he
                 order'd
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 march
                 further
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 force
                 other
                 Provinces
                 to
                 his
                 Obedience
                 ;
                 these
                 Forces
                 valiantly
                 brought
                 under
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 Alexander
                 all
                 the
                 Nations
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 the
                 Greater
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 
                 them
                 to
                 find
                 Provision
                 for
                 their
                 Army
                 .
              
               
               
                 Alexander
                 himself
                 subdu'd
                 all
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coast
                 of
                 Asia
                 to
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 gaining
                 many
                 Cities
                 by
                 Surrender
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 several
                 Forts
                 and
                 Castles
                 by
                 Storm
                 ;
                 amongst
                 which
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 one
                 that
                 was
                 taken
                 after
                 a
                 wonderful
                 manner
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Rarity
                 of
                 the
                 Thing
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 pass'd
                 over
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 utmost
                 Borders
                 of
                 Lycia
                 ,
                 the
                 Marmarensians
                 ,
                 who
                 inhabited
                 upon
                 a
                 great
                 Rock
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 fortifi'd
                 ,
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Rear
                 of
                 Alexander's
                 Amy
                 in
                 their
                 March
                 thither
                 ,
                 and
                 slew
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Prisoners
                 and
                 Carriage-Horses
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 so
                 inrag'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 besiege
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 us'd
                 his
                 utmost
                 Endeavour
                 to
                 gain
                 it
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 *
                 Marmarensians
                 trusting
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Valour
                 and
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 manfully
                 endur'd
                 the
                 Siege
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 assaulted
                 two
                 Days
                 together
                 without
                 any
                 intermission
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 assur'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 would
                 not
                 stir
                 thence
                 till
                 he
                 had
                 taken
                 the
                 Rock
                 .
                 The
                 ancient
                 Men
                 therefore
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 advis'd
                 the
                 Younger
                 to
                 forbear
                 standing
                 it
                 out
                 with
                 such
                 Violence
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 upon
                 as
                 good
                 Conditions
                 as
                 they
                 could
                 ;
                 which
                 when
                 they
                 deny'd
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 part
                 with
                 their
                 Lives
                 and
                 the
                 Liberties
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 together
                 ;
                 the
                 graver
                 Men
                 then
                 advis'd
                 them
                 to
                 kill
                 all
                 the
                 old
                 Men
                 ,
                 Women
                 ,
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 strong
                 and
                 able
                 to
                 defend
                 themselves
                 should
                 break
                 through
                 their
                 Enemies
                 Camp
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 flee
                 to
                 the
                 next
                 Mountains
                 .
                 The
                 young
                 Men
                 approv'd
                 of
                 the
                 Councel
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 thereupon
                 an
                 Edict
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 That
                 every
                 one
                 should
                 go
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 House
                 ,
                 and
                 Eat
                 and
                 Drink
                 plentifully
                 with
                 his
                 Wife
                 ,
                 Children
                 and
                 Relations
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 expect
                 the
                 Execution
                 of
                 the
                 Decree
                 .
                 But
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 who
                 were
                 more
                 considerate
                 than
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 about
                 Six
                 hundred
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 ,
                 )
                 judg'd
                 it
                 more
                 Advisable
                 to
                 forbear
                 
                 killing
                 their
                 own
                 Kindred
                 and
                 Relations
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 Hands
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 set
                 the
                 Houses
                 on
                 fire
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 to
                 sally
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 Gates
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 to
                 the
                 Mountains
                 for
                 their
                 Security
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 presently
                 taken
                 to
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Thing
                 put
                 in
                 execution
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 every
                 Man's
                 House
                 became
                 his
                 Sepulchre
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 themselves
                 broke
                 through
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Hills
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 chief
                 Things
                 done
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 III.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Mytelen
                   taken
                   by
                   
                     Memnon
                     ,
                     Darius
                  
                   his
                   General
                   .
                   His
                   Successes
                   .
                   He
                   dies
                   .
                   Charidemus
                   the
                   Athenian
                   unjustly
                   put
                   to
                   Death
                   by
                   
                     Darius
                     .
                     Alexander
                  
                   falls
                   sick
                   ,
                   recover'd
                   by
                   
                     Philippus
                     .
                     Alexander
                  
                   seizes
                   Alexander
                   of
                   Lyncestas
                   ,
                   upon
                   his
                   Mother's
                   Letters
                   .
                   Alexander
                   takes
                   Issus
                   .
                   The
                   memorable
                   Battel
                   at
                   Issus
                   ,
                   where
                   the
                   Mother
                   ,
                   Wife
                   ,
                   Two
                   Daughters
                   ,
                   and
                   Son
                   of
                   Darius
                   ,
                   were
                   taken
                   .
                   Alexander's
                   noble
                   Carriage
                   towards
                   them
                   .
                   Darius's
                   Letters
                   and
                   Offers
                   to
                   
                     Alexander
                     .
                     Darius
                  
                   prepares
                   another
                   Army
                   .
                
              
               
                 BUT
                 in
                 the
                 following
                 Year
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Nicocrates
                 was
                 chief
                 Governor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 
                   Cesus
                   Valerius
                
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Papirius
                
                 succeeded
                 in
                 the
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 at
                 
                   Rome
                   .
                   Darius
                
                 sent
                 a
                 great
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 to
                 Memnon
                 ,
                 and
                 declar'd
                 him
                 General
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 he
                 rais'd
                 great
                 Numbers
                 of
                 Men
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 fitting
                 out
                 a
                 Navy
                 of
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Sail
                 ,
                 set
                 himself
                 with
                 all
                 diligence
                 to
                 the
                 prosecution
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 he
                 brought
                 in
                 Chius
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 sail'd
                 to
                 Lesbos
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 took
                 
                   Antissa
                   ,
                   Mythimnus
                   ,
                   Pyrrhus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Erissus
                 .
                 But
                 for
                 *
                 Mitylene
                 ,
                 and
                 †
                 Lesbos
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 was
                 much
                 larger
                 ,
                 and
                 strongly
                 Garison'd
                 and
                 well
                 provided
                 ,
                 he
                 gain'd
                 it
                 not
                 without
                 many
                 Assaults
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Loss
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 took
                 it
                 at
                 length
                 with
                 much
                 ado
                 .
                 The
                 Fame
                 of
                 this
                 Action
                 being
                 presently
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Cyclade
                 Islands
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 make
                 Leagues
                 with
                 him
                 .
                 Then
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Report
                 spread
                 abroad
                 ,
                 that
                 Memnon
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 was
                 intending
                 to
                 invade
                 Eabaea
                 ,
                 which
                 put
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 into
                 a
                 great
                 Consternation
                 .
                 And
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Graecians
                 being
                 come
                 into
                 the
                 Confederacy
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 were
                 hearten'd
                 in
                 hopes
                 of
                 a
                 change
                 of
                 their
                 Affairs
                 for
                 the
                 better
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 Memnon
                 had
                 corrupted
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 with
                 Money
                 to
                 sail
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Bottom
                 with
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 But
                 Fortune
                 put
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 the
                 Progress
                 of
                 this
                 Man's
                 Success
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 fell
                 sick
                 of
                 a
                 mortal
                 Distemper
                 ,
                 and
                 dv'd
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 the
                 
                 Affaris
                 of
                 Darius
                 went
                 backward
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 *
                 King
                 hop'd
                 to
                 have
                 transferr'd
                 the
                 whole
                 Weight
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 out
                 of
                 Asia
                 into
                 Europe
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 heard
                 of
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Memnon
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 his
                 Friends
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 ask'd
                 their
                 Advice
                 ,
                 Whether
                 he
                 should
                 send
                 a
                 General
                 with
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 or
                 go
                 himself
                 in
                 Person
                 ,
                 and
                 try
                 his
                 Fortune
                 with
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 Some
                 were
                 of
                 Opinion
                 for
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 go
                 himself
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 said
                 ,
                 the
                 Persians
                 would
                 then
                 with
                 more
                 chearfulness
                 venture
                 their
                 Lives
                 .
                 But
                 Charidemus
                 the
                 Athenian
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 in
                 great
                 Esteem
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 and
                 Prudence
                 as
                 a
                 General
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 under
                 Philip
                 he
                 gain'd
                 a
                 great
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 his
                 chief
                 and
                 principal
                 Adviser
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 weighty
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 )
                 advis'd
                 Darius
                 not
                 to
                 lay
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 rashly
                 at
                 stake
                 ,
                 but
                 still
                 to
                 continue
                 Lord
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 keep
                 the
                 Government
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Hand
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 appoint
                 an
                 Experienc'd
                 General
                 to
                 manage
                 the
                 Concerns
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 And
                 he
                 told
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 an
                 Hundred
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 Number
                 a
                 Third
                 Part
                 to
                 be
                 Mercenaries
                 out
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 were
                 sufficient
                 for
                 the
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 and
                 engag'd
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 see
                 the
                 Thing
                 accomplish'd
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 agreed
                 to
                 what
                 he
                 said
                 :
                 But
                 his
                 Friends
                 peremptorily
                 rejected
                 this
                 Advice
                 ;
                 suspecting
                 that
                 Charidemus
                 sought
                 for
                 the
                 chief
                 
                 Command
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 design
                 to
                 give
                 up
                 all
                 into
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 Charidemus
                 was
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 Rage
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 call'd
                 them
                 all
                 Cowards
                 :
                 With
                 which
                 Words
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 much
                 more
                 offended
                 than
                 before
                 ;
                 and
                 whereas
                 Anger
                 never
                 suffers
                 a
                 Man
                 to
                 consider
                 wisely
                 before
                 hand
                 ,
                 Darius
                 orders
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 bound
                 in
                 a
                 Belt
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Persians
                   ,
                
                 )
                 and
                 delivers
                 him
                 to
                 his
                 Guard
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 :
                 Who
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 leading
                 to
                 Execution
                 ,
                 cry'd
                 out
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 King
                 would
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 repent
                 of
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 in
                 this
                 Matter
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 be
                 punish'd
                 for
                 that
                 unjust
                 Judgment
                 against
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 Thus
                 fell
                 Charidemus
                 from
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Hopes
                 and
                 Expectations
                 
                 through
                 the
                 unseasonable
                 Liberty
                 of
                 his
                 Tongue
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 his
                 Anger
                 was
                 over
                 ,
                 presently
                 repented
                 of
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 and
                 accus'd
                 himself
                 as
                 guilty
                 of
                 a
                 most
                 horrid
                 Crime
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 a
                 King
                 could
                 not
                 undo
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 past
                 Remedy
                 .
                 Considering
                 therefore
                 how
                 valiant
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 were
                 ,
                 and
                 musing
                 upon
                 the
                 Courage
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 he
                 enquir'd
                 where
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 a
                 fit
                 Person
                 to
                 succeed
                 Memnon
                 in
                 the
                 chief
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 none
                 could
                 be
                 found
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 run
                 the
                 Hazard
                 himself
                 for
                 the
                 saving
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 He
                 forthwith
                 therefore
                 order'd
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 to
                 be
                 call'd
                 together
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Rendevouz
                 at
                 Babylon
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 such
                 of
                 his
                 Kindred
                 and
                 Friends
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 fit
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 some
                 
                 he
                 gave
                 Commands
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Qualities
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 he
                 appointed
                 to
                 attend
                 upon
                 his
                 Person
                 as
                 his
                 Life-Guard
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 time
                 before
                 fix'd
                 upon
                 for
                 the
                 Expedition
                 was
                 come
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 Rendevouz'd
                 at
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 
                 Four
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Hundred
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ;
                 Hence
                 he
                 march'd
                 away
                 with
                 this
                 vast
                 Number
                 of
                 Men
                 towards
                 *
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 taking
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 his
                 Mother
                 ,
                 Wife
                 and
                 Children
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 a
                 Son
                 and
                 two
                 Daughters
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 (
                 while
                 Memnon
                 was
                 living
                 ,
                 hearing
                 how
                 Chius
                 and
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Lesbos
                 were
                 surrender'd
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 Memnon
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Mitylene
                 was
                 taken
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 ready
                 to
                 invade
                 Macedonia
                 with
                 a
                 Navy
                 of
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Graecians
                 were
                 upon
                 the
                 Point
                 of
                 Revolting
                 )
                 was
                 very
                 much
                 perplex'd
                 and
                 discontented
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 heard
                 of
                 Memnon's
                 Death
                 ,
                 his
                 Mind
                 was
                 more
                 at
                 rest
                 .
                 But
                 within
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 he
                 fell
                 desperately
                 sick
                 ,
                 and
                 growing
                 worse
                 and
                 
                 worse
                 ,
                 sent
                 for
                 Physicians
                 ,
                 who
                 coming
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 were
                 all
                 afraid
                 to
                 administer
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 looking
                 upon
                 him
                 as
                 irrecoverable
                 :
                 Saving
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 one
                 Philip
                 of
                 Acarnania
                 ,
                 (
                 whose
                 Practice
                 it
                 was
                 commonly
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 desperate
                 Medicines
                 ,
                 )
                 promis'd
                 to
                 cure
                 him
                 by
                 a
                 Potion
                 ;
                 the
                 King
                 hereupon
                 readily
                 comply'd
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 especially
                 because
                 he
                 heard
                 Darius
                 was
                 on
                 his
                 march
                 from
                 Babylon
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 Physician
                 deliver'd
                 the
                 Potion
                 ,
                 which
                 through
                 the
                 Art
                 and
                 Skill
                 of
                 Philip
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Natural
                 Strength
                 of
                 the
                 Patient
                 ,
                 presently
                 cur'd
                 the
                 King
                 :
                 Who
                 being
                 thus
                 beyond
                 all
                 Hope
                 recover'd
                 ,
                 bountifully
                 
                 Rewarded
                 the
                 Physician
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 him
                 into
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 his
                 most
                 faithful
                 Friends
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Alexander
                 receiv'd
                 Letters
                 from
                 his
                 Mother
                 ,
                 wherein
                 (
                 among
                 other
                 Things
                 which
                 she
                 thought
                 fit
                 to
                 advise
                 him
                 of
                 )
                 she
                 wish'd
                 him
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 care
                 of
                 
                 Alexander
                 of
                 *
                 Lyncestas
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 valiant
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 generous
                 Disposition
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 inferior
                 to
                 any
                 for
                 his
                 Faithfulness
                 to
                 Alexander
                 .
                 But
                 many
                 things
                 concurring
                 that
                 seem'd
                 to
                 fortify
                 the
                 Accusation
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 seiz'd
                 and
                 committed
                 to
                 Custody
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 his
                 Legal
                 Trial.
                 But
                 Alexander
                 having
                 Intelligence
                 that
                 Darius
                 was
                 within
                 a
                 few
                 Days
                 march
                 ,
                 sent
                 Parmenio
                 before
                 with
                 the
                 Army
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Passes
                 and
                 the
                 
                 Gates
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 call'd
                 ;
                 who
                 marching
                 away
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 ,
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 beating
                 off
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 there
                 before
                 him
                 .
                 Darius
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 march
                 with
                 more
                 ease
                 ,
                 had
                 left
                 all
                 his
                 heavy
                 Baggage
                 and
                 Rabble
                 behind
                 him
                 at
                 Damascus
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 Syria
                 .
                 Hence
                 he
                 march'd
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 speed
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 hearing
                 that
                 Alexander
                 had
                 preposfess'd
                 
                 himself
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 difficult
                 Passes
                 and
                 Places
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 daring
                 to
                 fight
                 in
                 the
                 Plain
                 and
                 open
                 Field
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 suppos'd
                 .
                 The
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Places
                 through
                 which
                 Alexander
                 came
                 ,
                 slighting
                 the
                 inconsiderable
                 Number
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 frighted
                 with
                 the
                 approach
                 of
                 the
                 vast
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 regard
                 to
                 Alexander
                 sided
                 with
                 Darius
                 ,
                 and
                 readily
                 supply'd
                 the
                 Persians
                 with
                 Provisions
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Necessaries
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Rule
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Opinions
                 adjudg'd
                 the
                 Victory
                 before
                 hand
                 to
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Alexander
                 had
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 *
                 Issus
                 ,
                 (
                 surpriz'd
                 with
                 the
                 Fear
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 )
                 a
                 considerable
                 City
                 of
                 †
                 Cilicia
                 ;
                 and
                 understanding
                 by
                 his
                 Spies
                 that
                 Darius
                 was
                 not
                 distant
                 above
                 **
                 Thirty
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 even
                 now
                 approaching
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 so
                 provided
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 that
                 order
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 terrible
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 he
                 judg'd
                 the
                 Gods
                 highly
                 favour'd
                 him
                 in
                 putting
                 such
                 an
                 Opportunity
                 into
                 his
                 Hands
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 gaining
                 of
                 one
                 Victory
                 he
                 should
                 ruin
                 the
                 whole
                 Empire
                 of
                 Persia
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 he
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 (
                 by
                 a
                 Speech
                 for
                 the
                 Occasion
                 ,
                 )
                 encouraging
                 them
                 to
                 fight
                 
                 Manfully
                 ,
                 now
                 all
                 lay
                 at
                 Stake
                 .
                 His
                 Regiments
                 of
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Squadrons
                 of
                 Horse
                 ,
                 he
                 
                 posted
                 so
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Place
                 and
                 Ground
                 would
                 best
                 allow
                 :
                 The
                 Horse
                 was
                 plac'd
                 before
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Foot
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 order'd
                 behind
                 to
                 support
                 and
                 relieve
                 the
                 Horse
                 .
                 Being
                 in
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 himself
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 on
                 towards
                 the
                 Enemy
                 with
                 the
                 choicest
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 .
                 The
                 Thessalian
                 Horse
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Left
                 ,
                 for
                 Valour
                 and
                 Skill
                 sar
                 excelling
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Armies
                 came
                 within
                 the
                 cast
                 of
                 a
                 Dart
                 one
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 there
                 flew
                 such
                 a
                 shower
                 of
                 Darts
                 from
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 against
                 them
                 with
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 that
                 through
                 their
                 Multitude
                 they
                 so
                 brush'd
                 in
                 their
                 flight
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Force
                 was
                 much
                 abated
                 ,
                 and
                 did
                 little
                 harm
                 .
                 Then
                 presently
                 the
                 Trumpets
                 on
                 both
                 Sides
                 sounded
                 a
                 Charge
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 Shout
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 answer'd
                 by
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Hills
                 and
                 Mountains
                 there
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 eccho'd
                 and
                 rang
                 again
                 with
                 the
                 Noise
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Shout
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 far
                 exceeded
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 being
                 made
                 by
                 Five
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Men
                 at
                 once
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 Alexander
                 look'd
                 every
                 where
                 round
                 about
                 to
                 spy
                 out
                 Darius
                 ,
                 whom
                 having
                 found
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 at
                 him
                 (
                 with
                 those
                 Horse
                 that
                 were
                 with
                 him
                 )
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 speed
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 desiring
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 to
                 conquer
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 present
                 Victory
                 by
                 
                 his
                 own
                 Personal
                 Valour
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 of
                 Horse
                 engag'd
                 ,
                 great
                 Slaughters
                 being
                 made
                 on
                 both
                 Sides
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 those
                 engag'd
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Victory
                 to
                 hang
                 in
                 Suspence
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 appearing
                 sometimes
                 here
                 and
                 sometimes
                 there
                 ,
                 by
                 Changes
                 and
                 Turns
                 .
                 No
                 Dart
                 cast
                 ,
                 or
                 Stroak
                 given
                 by
                 any
                 was
                 in
                 vain
                 ,
                 but
                 did
                 some
                 Execution
                 ,
                 for
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 Multitude
                 the
                 Mark
                 was
                 sure
                 to
                 be
                 hit
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 great
                 Numbers
                 were
                 wounded
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 fighting
                 to
                 their
                 last
                 Breath
                 ,
                 chose
                 rather
                 to
                 lose
                 their
                 Lives
                 ,
                 than
                 part
                 with
                 their
                 Honour
                 ,
                 And
                 the
                 Officers
                 at
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 their
                 Regiment
                 so
                 bravely
                 behav'd
                 themselves
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 put
                 Life
                 and
                 Courage
                 into
                 the
                 Common
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 There
                 might
                 then
                 be
                 seen
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Wounds
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 various
                 and
                 sharp
                 Contests
                 for
                 Victory
                 Oxathres
                 a
                 Persian
                 ,
                 and
                 Brother
                 of
                 Darius
                 ,
                 a
                 very
                 valiant
                 Man
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 saw
                 Alexander
                 make
                 so
                 fiercely
                 at
                 Darius
                 ,
                 was
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 undergo
                 the
                 same
                 Fortune
                 with
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 charges
                 Alexander's
                 Body
                 with
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 he
                 could
                 make
                 choice
                 of
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Troops
                 ,
                 and
                 knowing
                 that
                 his
                 Love
                 to
                 his
                 Brother
                 would
                 advance
                 his
                 Fame
                 and
                 Reputation
                 above
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 among
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 he
                 fought
                 close
                 by
                 his
                 Chariot
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 that
                 Courage
                 and
                 Dexterity
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 laid
                 many
                 dead
                 at
                 his
                 Feet
                 ;
                 and
                 inasmuch
                 as
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 were
                 as
                 resolute
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 Side
                 not
                 to
                 move
                 a
                 Foot
                 ,
                 the
                 dead
                 Bodies
                 rose
                 up
                 in
                 heaps
                 of
                 Carkasses
                 round
                 about
                 the
                 Chariot
                 of
                 Darius
                 .
                 And
                 being
                 that
                 every
                 one
                 strove
                 to
                 lay
                 hold
                 on
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 both
                 Sides
                 fought
                 with
                 great
                 Obstinacy
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 regard
                 of
                 their
                 Lives
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Conflict
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Nobility
                 were
                 slain
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 were
                 Antixyus
                 and
                 Rheomitus
                 ,
                 and
                 Tasiaces
                 the
                 Lord
                 Lieutenant
                 of
                 Egypt
                 .
                 And
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 likewise
                 ;
                 and
                 Alexander
                 himself
                 (
                 compass'd
                 round
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 )
                 was
                 wounded
                 in
                 the
                 Thigh
                 .
                 The
                 Chariot-Horses
                 of
                 Darius
                 receiving
                 many
                 Wounds
                 ,
                 and
                 frighted
                 with
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 Carkasses
                 that
                 lay
                 round
                 in
                 Heaps
                 about
                 them
                 ,
                 grew
                 so
                 unruly
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 hurri'd
                 Darius
                 into
                 the
                 
                 midst
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 in
                 this
                 Extremity
                 catch'd
                 hold
                 of
                 the
                 Reins
                 himself
                 ,
                 being
                 forc'd
                 thus
                 to
                 make
                 bold
                 with
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 in
                 debasing
                 the
                 Majesty
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Kings
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 his
                 Servants
                 brought
                 to
                 him
                 another
                 Chariot
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 hurly
                 burly
                 there
                 was
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 ascending
                 this
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 Darius
                 himself
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 pressing
                 hard
                 upon
                 him
                 )
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Terror
                 and
                 Consternation
                 ;
                 Which
                 when
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 discern'd
                 ,
                 they
                 began
                 first
                 to
                 fly
                 ,
                 the
                 Horse
                 that
                 were
                 next
                 following
                 the
                 Example
                 of
                 their
                 Fellows
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 all
                 made
                 away
                 as
                 fast
                 as
                 they
                 could
                 .
                 The
                 Places
                 being
                 narrow
                 and
                 strait
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 hast
                 they
                 trod
                 down
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 
                 perish'd
                 without
                 a
                 Stroke
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 lay
                 on
                 Heaps
                 ,
                 some
                 with
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 
                 others
                 without
                 them
                 ;
                 some
                 held
                 their
                 naked
                 Swords
                 as
                 long
                 in
                 their
                 Hands
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 their
                 Fellow-Soldiers
                 ran
                 themselves
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 were
                 slain
                 .
                 But
                 many
                 got
                 away
                 into
                 the
                 open
                 Plain
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 swiftness
                 of
                 their
                 Horses
                 ,
                 escap'd
                 to
                 the
                 several
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 Allies
                 .
              
               
                 During
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 *
                 Macedonian
                 Phalanx
                 and
                 the
                 Persian
                 Foot
                 fought
                 a
                 while
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Flight
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 was
                 the
                 Preludium
                 to
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
                 The
                 Barbarians
                 therefore
                 taking
                 to
                 their
                 Heels
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 many
                 Thousands
                 making
                 away
                 through
                 the
                 same
                 Straits
                 ,
                 all
                 Places
                 thereabouts
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 cover'd
                 with
                 dead
                 Carcasses
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 got
                 away
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 into
                 several
                 Places
                 of
                 shelter
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Macedonians
                 therefore
                 left
                 off
                 the
                 Pursuit
                 ,
                 and
                 betook
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 rifling
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 especially
                 the
                 King's
                 Pavillion
                 ,
                 because
                 there
                 were
                 the
                 richest
                 Booties
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 found
                 and
                 carry'd
                 thence
                 vast
                 Sums
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ,
                 and
                 exceeding
                 rich
                 Garments
                 and
                 Furniture
                 ;
                 an
                 abundance
                 likewise
                 of
                 Treasure
                 belonging
                 to
                 his
                 Friends
                 and
                 Kindred
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Commanders
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Wives
                 not
                 only
                 from
                 the
                 
                 King's
                 Houshold
                 ,
                 but
                 from
                 the
                 Families
                 of
                 his
                 Kindred
                 and
                 Attendants
                 ,
                 mounted
                 in
                 Chariots
                 glittering
                 with
                 Gold
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Custom
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 )
                 accompany'd
                 the
                 Camp
                 in
                 their
                 march
                 from
                 place
                 to
                 place
                 .
                 And
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 (
                 through
                 their
                 Luxury
                 and
                 Delicateness
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 commonly
                 inur'd
                 themselves
                 )
                 carry'd
                 with
                 them
                 abundance
                 of
                 rich
                 Furniture
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 beautiful
                 Women
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 captive
                 Ladies
                 
                 were
                 then
                 in
                 a
                 most
                 miserable
                 Condition
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 who
                 before
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 Nicety
                 ,
                 could
                 scarcely
                 be
                 plac'd
                 in
                 their
                 stately
                 Chariots
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 please
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 their
                 Bodies
                 so
                 attir'd
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 no
                 Air
                 might
                 touch
                 them
                 ,
                 now
                 rent
                 their
                 Garments
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 and
                 scarce
                 with
                 one
                 simple
                 Veil
                 to
                 cover
                 their
                 Nakedness
                 ,
                 threw
                 themselves
                 shrieking
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Chariots
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 their
                 Eyes
                 and
                 Hands
                 lifted
                 up
                 to
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 cast
                 themselves
                 down
                 at
                 the
                 Feet
                 of
                 the
                 Conquerors
                 .
                 Some
                 with
                 their
                 trembling
                 Hands
                 pull'd
                 off
                 all
                 their
                 Jewels
                 and
                 Ornaments
                 from
                 their
                 own
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 ran
                 up
                 steep
                 Rocks
                 and
                 craggy
                 Places
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Hair
                 flying
                 about
                 their
                 Ears
                 ;
                 and
                 thus
                 meeting
                 in
                 Throngs
                 together
                 ,
                 some
                 call'd
                 for
                 Help
                 from
                 those
                 who
                 wanted
                 the
                 Relief
                 of
                 others
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 themselves
                 :
                 Some
                 were
                 dragg'd
                 along
                 by
                 the
                 Hair
                 of
                 their
                 Heads
                 ,
                 others
                 were
                 stripp'd
                 
                 naked
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 cudgell'd
                 to
                 death
                 with
                 the
                 heavy
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 Lances
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 even
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Disgrace
                 and
                 Contempt
                 was
                 pour'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Glory
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 so
                 famous
                 and
                 honourable
                 heretofore
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 over
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 more
                 sober
                 and
                 moderate
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 seeing
                 that
                 strange
                 Turn
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 much
                 pity'd
                 the
                 Condition
                 of
                 those
                 miserable
                 Creatures
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 lost
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 was
                 near
                 and
                 dear
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 this
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 now
                 environ'd
                 with
                 nothing
                 but
                 Strangers
                 and
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 fallen
                 into
                 miserable
                 and
                 dishonourable
                 Captivity
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 Darius
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Wife
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 Daughters
                 ,
                 now
                 Marriageable
                 (
                 and
                 his
                 little
                 
                 Son
                 especially
                 )
                 drew
                 Tears
                 from
                 the
                 Eyes
                 of
                 the
                 Beholders
                 :
                 For
                 their
                 sad
                 change
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 their
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 Calamity
                 (
                 presented
                 thus
                 to
                 their
                 view
                 )
                 could
                 not
                 but
                 move
                 them
                 to
                 a
                 compassionate
                 Resentment
                 of
                 their
                 present
                 Condition
                 :
                 For
                 as
                 yet
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 known
                 whether
                 Darius
                 was
                 alive
                 or
                 dead
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 *
                 they
                 perceiv'd
                 his
                 Tent
                 pillag'd
                 and
                 rifled
                 by
                 arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 knew
                 no
                 difference
                 of
                 Persons
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 committed
                 many
                 indecent
                 and
                 unworthy
                 Actions
                 ,
                 and
                 saw
                 likewise
                 all
                 Asia
                 brought
                 under
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 a
                 Conquering
                 Sword
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 themselves
                 .
                 The
                 Wives
                 of
                 the
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 that
                 fell
                 at
                 *
                 their
                 Feet
                 to
                 beg
                 Protection
                 ,
                 were
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 finding
                 Relief
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 themselves
                 earnestly
                 pray'd
                 them
                 to
                 rescue
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 present
                 Calamity
                 .
              
               
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Servants
                 having
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 Darius
                 his
                 Tents
                 ,
                 prepar'd
                 the
                 Tables
                 and
                 Baths
                 which
                 were
                 us'd
                 by
                 Darius
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 lighted
                 up
                 many
                 Lamps
                 in
                 expectation
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 his
                 return
                 from
                 the
                 pursuit
                 he
                 might
                 take
                 possession
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Furniture
                 of
                 Darius
                 ,
                 as
                 an
                 earnest
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 and
                 Government
                 of
                 all
                 Asia
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 there
                 fell
                 in
                 this
                 Battel
                 above
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 fewer
                 
                 than
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 Three
                 hunded
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 Horse
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 Issue
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 at
                 Issus
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 Kings
                 themselves
                 :
                 Darius
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Army
                 being
                 thus
                 routed
                 ,
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 changing
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 one
                 Horse
                 after
                 another
                 the
                 best
                 he
                 had
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 away
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 escape
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 get
                 to
                 the
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 Upper
                 Provinces
                 .
                 But
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 his
                 Horse
                 and
                 chiefest
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 pursu'd
                 him
                 close
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 Heels
                 ,
                 earnestly
                 longing
                 to
                 be
                 *
                 Lord
                 of
                 Darius
                 .
                 But
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 rid
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 at
                 midnight
                 into
                 the
                 
                 Camp
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 refresh'd
                 his
                 weary
                 Body
                 in
                 the
                 Baths
                 ,
                 went
                 to
                 Supper
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 to
                 his
                 rest
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 one
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 Darius
                 ,
                 and
                 told
                 her
                 that
                 Alexander
                 was
                 return'd
                 from
                 the
                 pursuit
                 of
                 Darius
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 rich
                 Spoils
                 of
                 his
                 Tent.
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 given
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 Shriek
                 and
                 Lamentation
                 amongst
                 the
                 Women
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 the
                 Captives
                 lamenting
                 with
                 the
                 Queen
                 at
                 the
                 sad
                 News
                 ,
                 all
                 places
                 were
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Cries
                 and
                 Lamentations
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 understanding
                 what
                 Sorrow
                 there
                 was
                 among
                 the
                 Women
                 ,
                 sent
                 Leonatus
                 ,
                 one
                 his
                 of
                 Courtiers
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 their
                 Fears
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 let
                 Sisygambres
                 ,
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 Darius
                 ,
                 know
                 ,
                 that
                 her
                 Son
                 was
                 alive
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Alexander
                 would
                 have
                 respect
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 Dignity
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 to
                 confirm
                 the
                 Promise
                 of
                 his
                 Generosity
                 by
                 his
                 Actions
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 come
                 and
                 discourse
                 with
                 them
                 the
                 Day
                 following
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Captives
                 were
                 so
                 surpriz'd
                 with
                 the
                 sudden
                 and
                 happy
                 Turn
                 of
                 their
                 Fortunes
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 honour'd
                 Alexander
                 as
                 a
                 God
                 ;
                 and
                 their
                 
                 Fears
                 were
                 turn'd
                 into
                 Exultations
                 of
                 Joy.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 King
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 light
                 (
                 with
                 Hephestion
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 trustiest
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 )
                 
                 went
                 to
                 visit
                 the
                 Queens
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 entred
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 were
                 both
                 habited
                 alike
                 ,
                 Sisygambres
                 taking
                 Hephestion
                 for
                 the
                 King
                 (
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 more
                 comely
                 and
                 taller
                 Man
                 )
                 fell
                 prostrate
                 at
                 his
                 Feet
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Attendants
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Nods
                 of
                 their
                 Heads
                 ,
                 and
                 Pointing
                 of
                 their
                 Fingers
                 ,
                 directed
                 her
                 to
                 Alexander
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 being
                 much
                 asham'd
                 ,
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 Countenance
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 Mistake
                 ,
                 she
                 salutes
                 Alexander
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 she
                 had
                 done
                 before
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 he
                 lift
                 her
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   Mother
                   ,
                   trouble
                   not
                   ,
                   nor
                   perplex
                   your self
                   ;
                   for
                   that
                   Man
                   also
                   is
                
                 Alexander
                 .
                 By
                 which
                 courteous
                 and
                 obliging
                 Title
                 of
                 Mother
                 ,
                 to
                 a
                 grave
                 and
                 honourable
                 Matron
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 a
                 clear
                 Demonstration
                 of
                 the
                 Respects
                 and
                 Civilities
                 he
                 intended
                 towards
                 them
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 therefore
                 own'd
                 her
                 for
                 a
                 Second
                 Mother
                 ,
                 he
                 presently
                 confirm'd
                 his
                 Words
                 by
                 his
                 Actions
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 order'd
                 her
                 to
                 be
                 cloath'd
                 in
                 her
                 Royal
                 Robes
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 her
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Honours
                 becoming
                 her
                 former
                 State
                 and
                 Dignity
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 gave
                 her
                 all
                 her
                 Attendants
                 and
                 Houshold
                 Servants
                 and
                 Furniture
                 allow'd
                 her
                 by
                 Darius
                 ,
                 and
                 added
                 also
                 as
                 much
                 more
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Bounty
                 .
                 He
                 promis'd
                 likewise
                 to
                 dispose
                 of
                 the
                 young
                 Ladies
                 in
                 Marriage
                 far
                 better
                 than
                 if
                 their
                 Father
                 had
                 provided
                 Husbands
                 for
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 educate
                 the
                 King's
                 little
                 Son
                 as
                 carefully
                 and
                 honourably
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 his
                 own
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 call'd
                 him
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 kiss'd
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 taking
                 notice
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 dash'd
                 ,
                 nor
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 afrighted
                 ,
                 turning
                 to
                 Hephestion
                 and
                 those
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 
                   This
                   Youth
                   ,
                   but
                   Six
                   Years
                   of
                   Age
                
                 (
                 says
                 he
                 )
                 
                   carries
                   in
                   his
                   Countenance
                   Marks
                   of
                   a
                   stcut
                   and
                   brave
                   Spirit
                   above
                   his
                   Age
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   better
                   than
                   his
                   Father
                   .
                
                 He
                 further
                 declar'd
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 would
                 take
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Wife
                 of
                 Darius
                 ;
                 that
                 nothing
                 should
                 be
                 wanting
                 to
                 her
                 ;
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 support
                 and
                 maintenance
                 of
                 her
                 Royal
                 State
                 and
                 former
                 Prosperity
                 .
                 Many
                 other
                 kind
                 and
                 gaining
                 Expressions
                 he
                 us'd
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 the
                 Ladies
                 fell
                 a
                 weeping
                 in
                 Showers
                 of
                 Tears
                 ,
                 
                 out
                 of
                 Transports
                 of
                 Joy
                 ,
                 upon
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Greatness
                 of
                 their
                 unexpected
                 Felicity
                 .
                 After
                 all
                 ,
                 he
                 at
                 length
                 put
                 forth
                 to
                 them
                 his
                 Right
                 Hand
                 to
                 kiss
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 not
                 only
                 they
                 who
                 were
                 immediately
                 honour'd
                 with
                 those
                 Kindnesses
                 ,
                 set
                 forth
                 his
                 Prai●e
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 cry'd
                 up
                 his
                 incomparable
                 Grace
                 and
                 Clemency
                 .
                 And
                 indeed
                 ,
                 I
                 conceive
                 ,
                 that
                 amongst
                 the
                 many
                 Brave
                 and
                 Noble
                 Acts
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 none
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 greater
                 than
                 this
                 ,
                 nor
                 more
                 worthy
                 by
                 History
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 handed
                 down
                 to
                 Posterity
                 .
                 For
                 storming
                 and
                 taking
                 of
                 Cities
                 ,
                 gaining
                 of
                 Battels
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Successes
                 in
                 War
                 ,
                 are
                 many
                 times
                 the
                 Events
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 more
                 than
                 the
                 Effects
                 of
                 Valour
                 and
                 Virtue
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 be
                 compassionate
                 to
                 the
                 miserable
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 lie
                 at
                 the
                 Feet
                 of
                 the
                 Conqueror
                 ,
                 must
                 be
                 the
                 Fruit
                 only
                 of
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Prudence
                 .
                 For
                 many
                 by
                 Prosperity
                 grow
                 high-crested
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 so
                 far
                 swell'd
                 with
                 Pride
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 favourable
                 Blasts
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 are
                 careless
                 and
                 forgetful
                 of
                 the
                 Common
                 Miseries
                 of
                 Mankind
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 't
                 is
                 common
                 to
                 see
                 many
                 to
                 sink
                 under
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 their
                 prosperous
                 Successes
                 ,
                 as
                 an
                 heavy
                 Burden
                 they
                 are
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 .
              
               
                 Therefore
                 though
                 Alexander
                 was
                 many
                 Ages
                 before
                 us
                 who
                 are
                 now
                 living
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 remembrance
                 of
                 his
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 justly
                 challenges
                 Honour
                 and
                 Praise
                 from
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 succeed
                 him
                 in
                 future
                 Generations
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 Darius
                 ,
                 being
                 now
                 got
                 to
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 he
                 musters
                 up
                 his
                 broken
                 Troops
                 that
                 were
                 escap'd
                 from
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Issus
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 Overthrow
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 discourag'd
                 ,
                 but
                 writ
                 Letters
                 to
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 whereby
                 he
                 advis'd
                 him
                 to
                 use
                 his
                 Good
                 Fortune
                 and
                 Success
                 moderately
                 ,
                 and
                 offer'd
                 him
                 a
                 great
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 
                 for
                 the
                 Ransom
                 of
                 the
                 Captives
                 :
                 He
                 promis'd
                 likewise
                 to
                 give
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 all
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Cities
                 which
                 lay
                 on
                 that
                 side
                 ,
                 within
                 the
                 *
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 †
                 Halys
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 willing
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Friend
                 .
              
               
               
                 Whereupon
                 Alexander
                 call'd
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 before
                 them
                 such
                 Letters
                 as
                 he
                 judg'd
                 most
                 for
                 his
                 own
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 but
                 conceal'd
                 the
                 true
                 ones
                 :
                 By
                 which
                 Contrivance
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 were
                 dismiss'd
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 effect
                 of
                 their
                 Embassie
                 .
              
               
                 Darius
                 therefore
                 concluding
                 that
                 Things
                 were
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 compos'd
                 by
                 Letters
                 ,
                 sets
                 himself
                 wholly
                 to
                 make
                 preparation
                 for
                 War.
                 To
                 which
                 end
                 ,
                 he
                 arm'd
                 those
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 had
                 loft
                 their
                 Arms
                 in
                 the
                 late
                 unfortunate
                 Battel
                 ,
                 and
                 rais'd
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 form'd
                 them
                 into
                 Regiments
                 .
                 He
                 sent
                 likewise
                 for
                 those
                 Forces
                 he
                 had
                 through
                 Haste
                 left
                 behind
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Upper
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 first
                 began
                 his
                 Expedition
                 .
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 earnest
                 and
                 diligent
                 in
                 recruiting
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 now
                 twice
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 at
                 Issus
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 made
                 up
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 besides
                 a
                 vast
                 multitude
                 of
                 hook'd
                 Chariots
                 .
                 These
                 considerable
                 Actions
                 were
                 the
                 Events
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 IV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Alexander
                   marches
                   towards
                   Egypt
                   :
                   Besieges
                   Tyre
                   .
                   Prodigies
                   of
                   Tyre
                   .
                   The
                   Tyrians
                   bind
                   Apollo
                   with
                   Golden
                   Chains
                   .
                   The
                   Inventions
                   of
                   the
                   Tyrians
                   to
                   defend
                   themselves
                   .
                   The
                   Advancement
                   of
                   Ballominus
                   ,
                   a
                   poor
                   Man
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   King
                   of
                   Tyre
                   .
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Agis
                   and
                   
                     Amyntas
                     :
                     Amyntas
                  
                   kill'd
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   his
                   Soldiers
                   .
                   Alexander
                   takes
                   Gaza
                   by
                   Storm
                   :
                   Is
                   presented
                   by
                   the
                   Grecians
                   .
                
              
               
                 NIceratus
                 was
                 Chief
                 Governor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Atilius
                
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Valerius
                
                 were
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Twelfth
                 Olympiad
                 was
                 celebrated
                 ,
                 wherein
                 
                 Grylus
                 of
                 Chalcidon
                 was
                 Victor
                 .
              
               
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Issus
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 both
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 likewise
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 that
                 were
                 of
                 greatest
                 Repute
                 for
                 Valour
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 bury'd
                 .
                 After
                 he
                 had
                 sacrific'd
                 and
                 given
                 Thanks
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 he
                 bountifully
                 rewarded
                 all
                 such
                 as
                 had
                 valiantly
                 behav'd
                 themselves
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Merit
                 .
                 After
                 which
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 liberty
                 to
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 for
                 some
                 days
                 to
                 recreate
                 and
                 refresh
                 themselves
                 .
                 Thence
                 marching
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 towards
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 into
                 Phoenicia
                 ,
                 other
                 Cities
                 readily
                 submitted
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 receiv'd
                 into
                 his
                 Protection
                 .
                 But
                 Tyre
                 was
                 the
                 only
                 City
                 that
                 obstinately
                 deny'd
                 him
                 entrance
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 desir'd
                 it
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 Sacrifice
                 to
                 
                   Hercules
                   Tyrius
                
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 Alexander
                 
                 was
                 so
                 enrag'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 threatned
                 to
                 storm
                 and
                 take
                 it
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms.
                 But
                 the
                 Tyrians
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 stand
                 it
                 out
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 thought
                 thereby
                 to
                 ingratiate
                 themselves
                 with
                 Darius
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 for
                 their
                 Faithfulness
                 and
                 Loyalty
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 they
                 concluded
                 he
                 would
                 bountifully
                 reward
                 them
                 ;
                 who
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 gain'd
                 him
                 more
                 time
                 to
                 recruit
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 while
                 Alexander
                 was
                 detain'd
                 in
                 a
                 troublesome
                 and
                 dangerous
                 Siege
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 they
                 plac'd
                 their
                 Confidence
                 in
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 plentiful
                 Provision
                 of
                 all
                 Things
                 necessary
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 they
                 were
                 descended
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 King
                 therefore
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 foresaw
                 that
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 very
                 difficult
                 matter
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 Siege
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 well
                 provided
                 with
                 all
                 Things
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 a
                 strong
                 Navy
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 separated
                 from
                 the
                 Continent
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 nothing
                 could
                 be
                 effectually
                 put
                 in
                 execution
                 :
                 Yet
                 he
                 judg'd
                 
                 it
                 more
                 for
                 his
                 Honour
                 to
                 undergo
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Hazards
                 ,
                 than
                 for
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 to
                 be
                 baffled
                 with
                 one
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 too
                 not
                 altogether
                 so
                 difficult
                 to
                 be
                 gain'd
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 forthwith
                 therefore
                 demolish'd
                 Old
                 Tyre
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 then
                 call'd
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Stones
                 carry'd
                 by
                 many
                 Thousands
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 a
                 Mole
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Foot
                 in
                 breadth
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 the
                 Help
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Cities
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 all
                 call'd
                 in
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 )
                 was
                 presently
                 dispatch'd
                 .
                 The
                 Tyrians
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 from
                 their
                 
                 Ships
                 laugh'd
                 and
                 jeer'd
                 at
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 ask'd
                 him
                 whether
                 he
                 suppos'd
                 himself
                 stronger
                 than
                 Neptune
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 perceiv'd
                 (
                 beyond
                 whatever
                 they
                 thought
                 could
                 be
                 done
                 )
                 that
                 the
                 Mole
                 still
                 increas'd
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 in
                 likelihood
                 to
                 be
                 finish'd
                 ,
                 they
                 decreed
                 to
                 transport
                 their
                 Wives
                 ,
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 Old
                 People
                 to
                 Carthage
                 ;
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 Young
                 Men
                 were
                 kept
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 guard
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 for
                 Sea-Service
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 had
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Fourscore
                 Sail.
                 At
                 length
                 they
                 sent
                 away
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 sail
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 for
                 Carthage
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 prevented
                 by
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 at
                 work
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 in
                 a
                 fit
                 posture
                 to
                 fight
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 all
                 forc'd
                 to
                 return
                 ,
                 and
                 abide
                 the
                 Siege
                 .
                 And
                 tho'
                 they
                 were
                 plentifully
                 supply'd
                 with
                 
                 Engines
                 to
                 shoot
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 Darts
                 ,
                 and
                 Stones
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Machines
                 and
                 Instruments
                 ,
                 fit
                 and
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 against
                 any
                 Assault
                 ;
                 yet
                 they
                 readily
                 furnish'd
                 themselves
                 as
                 they
                 had
                 occasion
                 with
                 many
                 more
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 Tyre
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 Gun-smiths
                 ,
                 and
                 Artificers
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 being
                 supply'd
                 by
                 these
                 Workmen
                 ,
                 with
                 many
                 new
                 invented
                 Engines
                 ,
                 every
                 place
                 round
                 the
                 Walls
                 was
                 fill'd
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 especially
                 towards
                 that
                 side
                 where
                 the
                 Mole
                 was
                 rais'd
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Work
                 was
                 brought
                 by
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 within
                 the
                 Cast
                 of
                 a
                 Dart
                 ,
                 when
                 presently
                 a
                 Prodigy
                 from
                 the
                 Gods
                 appear'd
                 to
                 them
                 who
                 were
                 thus
                 threatned
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 working
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 cast
                 a
                 Whale
                 of
                 an
                 incredible
                 bigness
                 to
                 the
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Mole
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 it
                 lay
                 without
                 doing
                 any
                 Harm
                 ,
                 but
                 remain'd
                 there
                 a
                 good
                 while
                 ,
                 leaning
                 one
                 side
                 of
                 its
                 Body
                 to
                 the
                 Work
                 ,
                 which
                 struck
                 the
                 Beholders
                 with
                 much
                 Terror
                 and
                 Amazement
                 .
                 After
                 it
                 was
                 gone
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 both
                 Parties
                 went
                 to
                 their
                 Divinations
                 ,
                 and
                 each
                 (
                 severally
                 concluding
                 as
                 they
                 would
                 desire
                 to
                 have
                 it
                 )
                 made
                 this
                 Construction
                 ,
                 That
                 by
                 this
                 Sign
                 was
                 portended
                 ,
                 that
                 Neptune
                 would
                 aid
                 and
                 assist
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 was
                 another
                 Prodigy
                 likewise
                 happen'd
                 ,
                 which
                 greatly
                 amaz'd
                 the
                 Common
                 
                 People
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 were
                 at
                 Meat
                 ,
                 the
                 Faces
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 broke
                 the
                 Bread
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 all
                 over
                 bloudy
                 ;
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 Tyre
                 affirm'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 saw
                 a
                 Vision
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 Apollo
                 told
                 him
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 forsake
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 suspected
                 that
                 he
                 spoke
                 this
                 in
                 favour
                 of
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Party
                 ,
                 the
                 Young
                 Men
                 had
                 ston'd
                 him
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 rescu'd
                 by
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 ,
                 and
                 fled
                 into
                 Hercules
                 his
                 Temple
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 through
                 his
                 pious
                 Supplication
                 he
                 escap'd
                 so
                 imminent
                 a
                 Danger
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 Tyrians
                 ,
                 to
                 prevent
                 
                 Apollo's
                 leaving
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 fastned
                 his
                 Image
                 to
                 the
                 
                 Pedestal
                 with
                 golden
                 Chains
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Citizens
                 being
                 put
                 into
                 a
                 great
                 Fright
                 through
                 the
                 increase
                 of
                 the
                 Mole
                 ,
                 loaded
                 many
                 little
                 Boats
                 with
                 Engines
                 to
                 shoot
                 Arrows
                 and
                 Darts
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 Slingers
                 and
                 Archers
                 ;
                 who
                 setting
                 upon
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 at
                 work
                 ,
                 wounded
                 and
                 kill'd
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 :
                 For
                 Showers
                 of
                 Arrows
                 and
                 Darts
                 being
                 discharg'd
                 upon
                 Throngs
                 of
                 naked
                 Men
                 ,
                 none
                 miss'd
                 their
                 Mark
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 all
                 lay
                 open
                 and
                 expos'd
                 to
                 every
                 Shot
                 without
                 any
                 defence
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 only
                 wounded
                 with
                 Darts
                 before
                 ,
                 but
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 narrowness
                 of
                 the
                 Mole
                 )
                 likewise
                 gall'd
                 at
                 their
                 Backs
                 ,
                 being
                 not
                 possible
                 for
                 any
                 one
                 to
                 guard
                 both
                 sides
                 at
                 once
                 .
              
               
                 Alexander
                 therefore
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 repair
                 the
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 Loss
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 speed
                 he
                 could
                 mann'd
                 as
                 many
                 Ships
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 on
                 board
                 as
                 Admiral
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 Business
                 to
                 get
                 into
                 the
                 Haven
                 of
                 Tyre
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 intercept
                 the
                 Phoenicians
                 in
                 their
                 return
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 fearing
                 if
                 he
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Haven
                 he
                 would
                 take
                 the
                 City
                 it self
                 (
                 those
                 who
                 should
                 defend
                 it
                 being
                 now
                 out
                 )
                 made
                 all
                 the
                 haste
                 they
                 could
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 indeed
                 both
                 sides
                 ply'd
                 their
                 Oars
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 might
                 to
                 prevent
                 one
                 another
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 just
                 entring
                 the
                 Port
                 before
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Phoenicians
                 were
                 every
                 Man
                 upon
                 the
                 point
                 like
                 to
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 ;
                 but
                 forcing
                 their
                 way
                 through
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 they
                 return'd
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 Vessels
                 that
                 lagg'd
                 behind
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 King
                 mist
                 of
                 his
                 Design
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 eagerly
                 set
                 to
                 his
                 Work
                 again
                 for
                 the
                 finishing
                 of
                 the
                 Mole
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 a
                 considerable
                 number
                 of
                 Vessels
                 guarded
                 the
                 Work
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Work
                 being
                 brought
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Town
                 now
                 in
                 a
                 probability
                 of
                 being
                 taken
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 a
                 violent
                 Storm
                 of
                 Wind
                 arose
                 ,
                 and
                 tore
                 away
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Mole
                 ;
                 which
                 so
                 perplex'd
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 repented
                 that
                 he
                 ever
                 began
                 the
                 Siege
                 .
                 But
                 however
                 ,
                 being
                 prick'd
                 forward
                 with
                 an
                 unquenchable
                 Thirst
                 after
                 Glory
                 ,
                 he
                 caus'd
                 Trees
                 of
                 an
                 incredible
                 magnitude
                 to
                 be
                 cut
                 down
                 in
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 thither
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 them
                 Booths
                 ,
                 Branches
                 ,
                 and
                 Earth
                 pil'd
                 together
                 ,
                 gave
                 a
                 check
                 to
                 the
                 Violence
                 of
                 the
                 Stream
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 therefore
                 presently
                 repair'd
                 the
                 Breach
                 that
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 the
                 Mole
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 many
                 Hands
                 was
                 brought
                 again
                 within
                 the
                 Cast
                 of
                 a
                 Dart
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Engines
                 mounted
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 batter'd
                 down
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 shot
                 with
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 out
                 of
                 Engines
                 ,
                 beat
                 off
                 the
                 Enemy
                 from
                 the
                 Bulwarks
                 :
                 With
                 these
                 likewise
                 both
                 Archers
                 and
                 Slingers
                 ply'd
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 ,
                 and
                 grievously
                 wounded
                 and
                 gall'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Townsmen
                 upon
                 the
                 Walls
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Tyrians
                 being
                 accustom'd
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 many
                 Artificers
                 and
                 Contrivers
                 of
                 Engines
                 ,
                 us'd
                 many
                 Arts
                 and
                 ingenious
                 Contrivances
                 to
                 preserve
                 themselves
                 :
                 For
                 against
                 the
                 Shot
                 they
                 contriv'd
                 Wheels
                 with
                 many
                 Spoaks
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 whirl'd
                 about
                 with
                 an
                 Engine
                 ,
                 shatter'd
                 in
                 pieces
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 and
                 turn'd
                 off
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 broke
                 the
                 Force
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 check
                 to
                 the
                 Violence
                 of
                 the
                 Stones
                 that
                 were
                 shot
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ballasts
                 ,
                 they
                 prepar'd
                 Wooll-packs
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 that
                 were
                 soft
                 and
                 pliant
                 to
                 receive
                 them
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 the
                 King
                 not
                 contented
                 to
                 assault
                 the
                 City
                 only
                 from
                 the
                 Mole
                 ,
                 girt
                 the
                 Town
                 round
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 diligently
                 view'd
                 all
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 besiege
                 the
                 Place
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land.
                 The
                 Tyrians
                 not
                 daring
                 to
                 engage
                 him
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 he
                 destroy'd
                 three
                 Ships
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 then
                 by
                 chance
                 in
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 return'd
                 to
                 his
                 Camp.
                 But
                 the
                 Tyrians
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 make
                 their
                 Walls
                 as
                 strong
                 again
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 before
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 another
                 Wall
                 ten
                 Cubits
                 broad
                 ,
                 and
                 five
                 Cubits
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 and
                 fill'd
                 the
                 empty
                 space
                 between
                 the
                 two
                 Walls
                 with
                 Earth
                 and
                 Stones
                 .
              
               
                 Alexander
                 likewise
                 made
                 a
                 Battery
                 ,
                 by
                 joining
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 planted
                 upon
                 them
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Rams
                 and
                 Battering
                 Engines
                 ,
                 whereby
                 he
                 beat
                 down
                 an
                 hundred
                 Foot
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 and
                 attempted
                 to
                 break
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 over
                 the
                 Ruines
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Tyrians
                 discharg'd
                 a
                 shower
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 much
                 ado
                 repuls'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Night
                 following
                 repair'd
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 batter'd
                 down
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 after
                 that
                 the
                 Passage
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 joining
                 of
                 the
                 Mole
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 a
                 Peninsula
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 and
                 sharp
                 Contests
                 both
                 to
                 get
                 and
                 defend
                 the
                 Walls
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 they
                 had
                 imminent
                 Destruction
                 before
                 their
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Miseries
                 that
                 attend
                 upon
                 a
                 Town
                 's
                 being
                 taken
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 so
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 go
                 through
                 all
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 despis'd
                 Death
                 it self
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 approach'd
                 with
                 Towers
                 of
                 that
                 height
                 that
                 they
                 equall'd
                 the
                 Battlements
                 ,
                 and
                 cast
                 out
                 Planks
                 ,
                 whereof
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 ends
                 lay
                 upon
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 the
                 Ramparts
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 by
                 a
                 Bridge
                 mounted
                 the
                 Walls
                 ;
                 the
                 Tyrians
                 by
                 the
                 ingenuity
                 of
                 the
                 Artificers
                 ,
                 were
                 supply'd
                 with
                 many
                 sorts
                 of
                 Engines
                 and
                 Weapons
                 for
                 their
                 effectual
                 Defence
                 .
                 As
                 amongst
                 others
                 they
                 had
                 very
                 great
                 *
                 three
                 Fork'd
                 Hooks
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 cast
                 close
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 therewith
                 wounded
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Towers
                 (
                 to
                 which
                 were
                 fastned
                 Cords
                 ,
                 one
                 end
                 whereof
                 they
                 held
                 themselves
                 )
                 and
                 by
                 these
                 fixing
                 in
                 their
                 Enemies
                 Targets
                 they
                 pluck'd
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 hands
                 :
                 For
                 to
                 this
                 Necessity
                 and
                 Streight
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 were
                 brought
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 must
                 either
                 stand
                 naked
                 ,
                 and
                 expos'd
                 (
                 without
                 defensive
                 Arms
                 )
                 to
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 be
                 wounded
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 or
                 else
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 point
                 of
                 Honour
                 stick
                 to
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 perish
                 ,
                 by
                 being
                 pluck'd
                 headlong
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Towers
                 .
                 Others
                 threw
                 Fishing
                 Nets
                 upon
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 engag'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Bridges
                 laid
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 intangled
                 their
                 Hands
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 drew
                 them
                 off
                 and
                 tumbled
                 them
                 headlong
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
              
               
                 Another
                 wonderful
                 invention
                 they
                 found
                 out
                 against
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 grievously
                 plagu'd
                 the
                 chiefest
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 this
                 ,
                 they
                 fill'd
                 their
                 Iron
                 and
                 Brazen
                 Shields
                 with
                 Sand
                 ,
                 and
                 heated
                 them
                 so
                 long
                 in
                 the
                 Fire
                 till
                 the
                 Sand
                 was
                 scorching
                 hot
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 an
                 Engine
                 they
                 threw
                 upon
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 chiefly
                 engag'd
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 were
                 cruelly
                 tormented
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Sand
                 getting
                 within
                 their
                 Breast-plates
                 and
                 Coats
                 of
                 Mail
                 ,
                 and
                 grievously
                 scorching
                 their
                 Flesh
                 ,
                 no
                 Remedy
                 could
                 be
                 apply'd
                 for
                 the
                 curing
                 of
                 the
                 Malady
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 (
                 though
                 they
                 made
                 most
                 bitter
                 Complaints
                 as
                 Men
                 upon
                 the
                 Rack
                 )
                 yet
                 none
                 there
                 were
                 who
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 help
                 them
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 grew
                 mad
                 in
                 the
                 Extremity
                 of
                 the
                 Torture
                 ,
                 and
                 dy'd
                 in
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 unexpressible
                 Torments
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Phaenicians
                 never
                 ceas'd
                 casting
                 Fire-darts
                 and
                 Stones
                 at
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 scarce
                 able
                 to
                 endure
                 ,
                 the
                 Multitude
                 was
                 so
                 excessive
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 
                 with
                 long
                 Poles
                 with
                 sharp
                 Hooks
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 they
                 cut
                 the
                 Cords
                 of
                 the
                 Battering-Rams
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 forc'd
                 them
                 forwards
                 )
                 whereby
                 the
                 Force
                 of
                 the
                 Engine
                 was
                 lost
                 ;
                 and
                 shot
                 out
                 of
                 Machines
                 for
                 the
                 Purpose
                 ,
                 great
                 massy
                 pieces
                 of
                 red
                 hot
                 Iron
                 into
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 great
                 multitudes
                 of
                 the
                 Assailants
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 against
                 whom
                 they
                 were
                 discharg'd
                 ,
                 were
                 sure
                 to
                 do
                 Execution
                 .
                 They
                 pluck'd
                 likewise
                 Men
                 in
                 Armour
                 from
                 off
                 the
                 Rampiers
                 with
                 Iron
                 Instruments
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Crows
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 shap'd
                 like
                 Mens
                 Hands
                 .
                 And
                 having
                 *
                 many
                 Hands
                 at
                 work
                 ,
                 they
                 eluded
                 all
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Engines
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 multitudes
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 although
                 the
                 Service
                 was
                 so
                 amazing
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Conflict
                 so
                 sharp
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 scarce
                 to
                 be
                 endur'd
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 remitted
                 nothing
                 of
                 their
                 ancient
                 Valour
                 ,
                 but
                 made
                 their
                 way
                 over
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 slain
                 ,
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 discouraged
                 by
                 the
                 Misfortunes
                 of
                 others
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 batter'd
                 the
                 Walls
                 with
                 massy
                 Stones
                 shot
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Engines
                 ,
                 and
                 grievously
                 gall'd
                 the
                 Defendants
                 with
                 Arrows
                 and
                 Darts
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 shot
                 from
                 the
                 Wooden
                 Towers
                 .
                 To
                 prevent
                 which
                 mischief
                 ,
                 the
                 Tyrians
                 plac'd
                 Marble
                 Wheels
                 before
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 turn'd
                 round
                 by
                 certain
                 Engines
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 these
                 they
                 either
                 broke
                 the
                 Darts
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 or
                 so
                 threw
                 them
                 off
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 ineffectual
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 allay
                 the
                 Force
                 of
                 the
                 Stones
                 shot
                 against
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 they
                 sow'd
                 together
                 Hides
                 and
                 Skins
                 oil'd
                 over
                 to
                 receive
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 meeting
                 with
                 what
                 was
                 soft
                 and
                 pliant
                 ,
                 their
                 Force
                 was
                 thereby
                 much
                 abated
                 .
              
               
               
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 the
                 Tyrians
                 were
                 not
                 short
                 in
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 whereby
                 their
                 Valour
                 might
                 be
                 made
                 to
                 appear
                 for
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 .
                 And
                 being
                 sufficiently
                 supported
                 with
                 fresh
                 
                 aid
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 more
                 Couragious
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 left
                 the
                 Walls
                 and
                 Towers
                 ,
                 and
                 leap'd
                 out
                 upon
                 the
                 Bridges
                 to
                 oppose
                 the
                 Assailants
                 ,
                 and
                 Hand
                 to
                 Hand
                 fought
                 it
                 out
                 smartly
                 in
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 some
                 ,
                 that
                 with
                 Axes
                 cut
                 off
                 whole
                 Limbs
                 at
                 once
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 their
                 way
                 .
                 For
                 among
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 one
                 Admetus
                 ,
                 a
                 Macedonian
                 Captain
                 ,
                 a
                 strong
                 and
                 valiant
                 Man
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 his
                 Contest
                 with
                 the
                 Tyrians
                 ,
                 had
                 his
                 Head
                 cloven
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 with
                 an
                 Ax
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 Perish'd
                 .
              
               
                 Alexander
                 seeing
                 that
                 the
                 Tyrians
                 had
                 the
                 better
                 on
                 't
                 ,
                 and
                 Night
                 approaching
                 ,
                 sounded
                 a
                 Retreat
                 .
                 And
                 indeed
                 ,
                 at
                 first
                 he
                 had
                 thoughts
                 to
                 raise
                 his
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 go
                 on
                 with
                 his
                 Expedition
                 into
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 But
                 he
                 presently
                 chang'd
                 his
                 Mind
                 ,
                 looking
                 upon
                 it
                 as
                 Base
                 and
                 Dishonourable
                 to
                 give
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 Glory
                 to
                 the
                 Tyrians
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 set
                 himself
                 again
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 only
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 call'd
                 Amyntas
                 ,
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Andromenes
                 ,
                 who
                 approv'd
                 of
                 his
                 Resolution
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 therefore
                 encourag'd
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 to
                 stick
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 his
                 Fleet
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 ,
                 he
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 City
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land.
                 And
                 observing
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 near
                 the
                 Arsenal
                 ,
                 was
                 weaker
                 than
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 he
                 brought
                 all
                 his
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 carry'd
                 his
                 best
                 Engines
                 )
                 chain'd
                 fast
                 together
                 ,
                 to
                 that
                 Place
                 .
                 There
                 he
                 attempted
                 an
                 Act
                 which
                 the
                 Beholders
                 scarcely
                 believ'd
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 saw
                 it
                 with
                 their
                 Eyes
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 cast
                 a
                 Plank
                 from
                 a
                 Wooden
                 Tower
                 ,
                 with
                 one
                 end
                 upon
                 the
                 Battlements
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Bridge
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 himself
                 alone
                 mounted
                 the
                 Rampire
                 ,
                 not
                 regarding
                 any
                 Danger
                 ,
                 nor
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 affrighted
                 with
                 the
                 violent
                 Assaults
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrians
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 View
                 of
                 that
                 Army
                 which
                 had
                 conquer'd
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 he
                 shew'd
                 his
                 own
                 Personal
                 
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 to
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 to
                 follow
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 came
                 to
                 handy
                 strokes
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 and
                 killing
                 some
                 with
                 his
                 Spear
                 ,
                 others
                 with
                 his
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 tumbling
                 down
                 many
                 with
                 the
                 Bosies
                 of
                 his
                 Buckler
                 ,
                 he
                 thus
                 allay'd
                 the
                 Courage
                 of
                 his
                 Adversaries
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Rams
                 batter'd
                 down
                 a
                 great
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 in
                 another
                 Place
                 .
                 
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 enter'd
                 through
                 the
                 Breach
                 on
                 one
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 Alexander
                 with
                 his
                 Party
                 pass'd
                 over
                 the
                 Wall
                 in
                 another
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 now
                 taken
                 ;
                 yet
                 the
                 Tyrians
                 valiantly
                 bestirr'd
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 encouraging
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 Guarded
                 and
                 block'd
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 Narrow
                 Passes
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 it
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 Man
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 above
                 Seven
                 thousand
                 were
                 cut
                 in
                 pieces
                 upon
                 the
                 Place
                 ;
                 the
                 King
                 made
                 all
                 the
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 and
                 hung
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Two
                 thousand
                 .
                 And
                 there
                 were
                 found
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Number
                 of
                 Captives
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 the
                 greatest
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 were
                 transported
                 to
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 remainder
                 amounted
                 to
                 Thirteen
                 thousand
                 .
                 Into
                 so
                 great
                 Miseries
                 fell
                 the
                 Tyrians
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 endur'd
                 a
                 Siege
                 of
                 seven
                 Months
                 with
                 more
                 Obstinacy
                 than
                 Prudence
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 the
                 King
                 took
                 away
                 the
                 Golden
                 Chains
                 from
                 the
                 Image
                 of
                 Apollo
                 ,
                 and
                 caus'd
                 this
                 God
                 to
                 be
                 call'd
                 *
                 
                   Apollo
                   Philaxandrus
                
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 offer'd
                 splendid
                 Sacrifices
                 to
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 and
                 rewarded
                 those
                 who
                 had
                 signaliz'd
                 their
                 Valour
                 ,
                 he
                 honourably
                 buried
                 the
                 Dead
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 one
                 Ballonymus
                 King
                 of
                 Tyre
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 thing
                 justly
                 to
                 be
                 condemn'd
                 to
                 neglect
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 further
                 and
                 larger
                 Account
                 of
                 this
                 Man
                 ,
                 whose
                 Advancement
                 and
                 wonderful
                 change
                 of
                 Condition
                 ,
                 was
                 so
                 extraordinary
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 Alexander
                 had
                 gain'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 Strato
                 the
                 former
                 Prince
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 Faithfulness
                 
                 to
                 Dari●s
                 ,
                 was
                 depriv'd
                 of
                 the
                 Command
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 gave
                 Power
                 and
                 Liberty
                 to
                 Hephestion
                 ,
                 to
                 bestow
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Tyre
                 upon
                 which
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 he
                 pleas'd
                 .
                 Hephestion
                 hereupon
                 ,
                 minding
                 to
                 gratify
                 one
                 where
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 courteously
                 entertain'd
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 Invest
                 him
                 with
                 the
                 Principality
                 of
                 Tyre
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 very
                 Rich
                 and
                 Honourable
                 above
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Fellow
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 yet
                 (
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 of
                 the
                 Lineage
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 )
                 refus'd
                 it
                 .
                 Then
                 Hephestion
                 wish'd
                 him
                 to
                 name
                 some
                 one
                 that
                 was
                 of
                 the
                 Royal
                 Blood
                 ;
                 He
                 thereupon
                 told
                 him
                 of
                 one
                 who
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 prudent
                 and
                 good
                 Man
                 ,
                 but
                 extream
                 Poor
                 .
                 Hephestion
                 hereupon
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 grants
                 the
                 Principality
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Officer
                 assign'd
                 for
                 this
                 Purpose
                 hastens
                 away
                 with
                 the
                 Royal
                 Robes
                 ,
                 and
                 finds
                 him
                 in
                 an
                 Orchard
                 in
                 Rags
                 ,
                 drawing
                 of
                 Water
                 for
                 his
                 Hire
                 .
                 Having
                 inform'd
                 him
                 of
                 the
                 Change
                 and
                 Alteration
                 of
                 his
                 Condition
                 ,
                 he
                 cloath'd
                 him
                 with
                 the
                 Robe
                 and
                 other
                 Ornaments
                 becoming
                 his
                 State
                 and
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 introduc'd
                 him
                 into
                 the
                 Forum
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 declar'd
                 him
                 King
                 of
                 Tyre
                 .
                 Which
                 unexpected
                 and
                 wonderful
                 Occurrence
                 ,
                 was
                 very
                 grateful
                 and
                 acceptable
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 .
              
               
               
                 Thus
                 he
                 obtain'd
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 ever
                 after
                 a
                 most
                 faithful
                 Friend
                 to
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Example
                 to
                 all
                 that
                 are
                 unacquainted
                 with
                 the
                 sudden
                 and
                 various
                 Turns
                 of
                 Fortune
                 in
                 this
                 World.
                 Having
                 now
                 related
                 the
                 Acts
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 turn
                 to
                 affairs
                 elsewhere
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 
                   Europe
                   ,
                   Agis
                
                 King
                 of
                 Lacedaemon
                 ,
                 having
                 listed
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 who
                 
                 escap'd
                 from
                 the
                 Battel
                 at
                 Issus
                 ,
                 began
                 some
                 new
                 disturbances
                 in
                 favour
                 of
                 Darius
                 .
                 For
                 having
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 him
                 a
                 great
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 and
                 a
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 he
                 sail'd
                 into
                 Creet
                 ,
                 and
                 reducing
                 many
                 Towns
                 there
                 ,
                 he
                 forc'd
                 them
                 to
                 side
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Persians
                   .
                   Amyntas
                
                 likewise
                 ,
                 an
                 Exile
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 fled
                 to
                 Darius
                 ,
                 and
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Persians
                 in
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 escaping
                 with
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Mercenaries
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Issus
                 ,
                 pass'd
                 over
                 to
                 Tripolis
                 
                 in
                 Phenicia
                 before
                 
                 Alexander's
                 arrival
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 made
                 choice
                 only
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Navy
                 as
                 would
                 transport
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 burnt
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 With
                 these
                 he
                 sail'd
                 to
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 being
                 well
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Soldiers
                 and
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 he
                 pass'd
                 over
                 to
                 Pelusium
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 entred
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 pretended
                 that
                 Darius
                 sent
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 General
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 late
                 Governor
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 was
                 kill'd
                 in
                 the
                 Battel
                 in
                 Cilicia
                 .
                 Thence
                 he
                 sail'd
                 to
                 Memphis
                 ,
                 and
                 routed
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 in
                 a
                 Field-fight
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 who
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 stragling
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 plundering
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 that
                 disorder
                 ,
                 carrying
                 away
                 what
                 they
                 could
                 get
                 ,
                 cut
                 off
                 Amyntas
                 and
                 every
                 Man
                 with
                 him
                 .
                 
              
               
                 In
                 this
                 manner
                 ,
                 Amyntas
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 projecting
                 great
                 Matters
                 ,
                 was
                 suddenly
                 disappointed
                 ,
                 and
                 lost
                 his
                 Life
                 .
                 So
                 likewise
                 ,
                 other
                 Officers
                 and
                 Captains
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 that
                 surviv'd
                 the
                 Battel
                 of
                 Issus
                 ,
                 still
                 cleav'd
                 to
                 the
                 Persian
                 Interest
                 .
                 For
                 some
                 secur'd
                 convenient
                 Cities
                 and
                 Garisons
                 for
                 Darius
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 procur'd
                 several
                 Provinces
                 to
                 raise
                 Soldiers
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 provide
                 other
                 things
                 necessary
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 present
                 Exigency
                 of
                 affairs
                 required
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 General
                 Senate
                 of
                 Greece
                 made
                 a
                 Decree
                 ,
                 to
                 send
                 Fifteen
                 Ambassadors
                 
                 to
                 present
                 a
                 Golden
                 Crown
                 to
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 in
                 Congratulation
                 of
                 his
                 Victory
                 at
                 Issus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 besieging
                 Gaza
                 ,
                 a
                 Garison
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 took
                 by
                 Assault
                 ,
                 after
                 a
                 two
                 Months
                 siege
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 V.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Alexander
                   makes
                   a
                   Journey
                   to
                   the
                   Temple
                   of
                   Jupiter-Hammon
                   .
                   He
                   's
                   presented
                   by
                   the
                   Cyreneans
                   .
                   The
                   Description
                   of
                   the
                   Place
                   about
                   the
                   Temple
                   .
                   The
                   wonderful
                   Properties
                   of
                   the
                   Fountain
                   Solis
                   .
                   The
                   Building
                   of
                   Alexandria
                   .
                   Alexander's
                   Answer
                   to
                   Darius
                   his
                   Ambassadors
                   .
                   Alexander
                   passes
                   over
                   the
                   River
                   Tygris
                   with
                   great
                   hazard
                   .
                   The
                   Preparations
                   on
                   both
                   sides
                   for
                   Battel
                   .
                   The
                   Persians
                   routed
                   at
                   that
                   Famous
                   Battel
                   at
                   Arbela
                   .
                
              
               
                 ARistophanes
                 was
                 now
                 chief
                 Governor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Spurius
                   Posthumius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Titus
                 
                 Viturius
                 ,
                 were
                 invested
                 with
                 the
                 Dignity
                 of
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 when
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 Gaza
                 ,
                 sent
                 Amyntas
                 with
                 Ten
                 Sail
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 List
                 the
                 Stoutest
                 of
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 for
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 he
                 himself
                 march'd
                 forward
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 towards
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 and
                 coming
                 there
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 submitted
                 to
                 him
                 without
                 fighting
                 .
                 For
                 because
                 the
                 Persians
                 had
                 wickedly
                 violated
                 their
                 Holy
                 Rites
                 ,
                 and
                 domineer'd
                 imperiously
                 over
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 most
                 willingly
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 setled
                 his
                 Affairs
                 in
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 he
                 undertook
                 a
                 Journey
                 to
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Hammon
                 ,
                 to
                 consult
                 with
                 the
                 Oracle
                 there
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 his
                 Journey
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 met
                 
                 by
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 of
                 Cyrene
                 ,
                 presenting
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 Crown
                 and
                 other
                 rich
                 Gifts
                 ,
                 among
                 which
                 were
                 Three
                 hundred
                 War-Horses
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Chariots
                 ,
                 drawn
                 with
                 four
                 Horses
                 a
                 piece
                 .
                 These
                 he
                 accepted
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 of
                 Peace
                 and
                 Amity
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 attended
                 him
                 went
                 on
                 forward
                 in
                 his
                 Journey
                 to
                 the
                 Temple
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 parch'd
                 and
                 dry
                 Deserts
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 they
                 had
                 taken
                 Water
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 )
                 they
                 passed
                 through
                 a
                 Region
                 which
                 was
                 nothing
                 but
                 heaps
                 of
                 Sand.
                 After
                 the
                 fourth
                 Day
                 their
                 Water
                 was
                 spent
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 extremity
                 of
                 Distress
                 ;
                 while
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 this
                 great
                 perplexity
                 ,
                 and
                 knew
                 not
                 what
                 to
                 resolve
                 ,
                 a
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 shower
                 of
                 Rain
                 then
                 falling
                 ,
                 supply'd
                 all
                 their
                 present
                 Necessities
                 ;
                 which
                 unexpected
                 Preservation
                 
                 they
                 imputed
                 to
                 the
                 Kindness
                 and
                 Providence
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 
              
               
                 Having
                 furnish'd
                 themselves
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Valley
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 Water
                 as
                 was
                 sufficient
                 for
                 four
                 days
                 ;
                 in
                 that
                 time
                 they
                 pass'd
                 over
                 this
                 Dire
                 and
                 scorching
                 Desart
                 ;
                 But
                 in
                 regard
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 visible
                 Path
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Heaps
                 of
                 Sand
                 ,
                 those
                 who
                 led
                 the
                 way
                 ,
                 
                 told
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 Crows
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 their
                 Croking
                 at
                 the
                 Right
                 Hand
                 ,
                 directed
                 them
                 the
                 way
                 to
                 the
                 Temple
                 ;
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 taking
                 as
                 an
                 happy
                 Omen
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 concluded
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 coming
                 was
                 grateful
                 and
                 acceptable
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 forward
                 on
                 his
                 Journey
                 with
                 more
                 chearfulness
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 Place
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 ,
                 was
                 call'd
                 the
                 Bitter
                 *
                 Pond
                 ;
                 Having
                 travell'd
                 thence
                 a
                 †
                 Hundred
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 he
                 pass'd
                 by
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Hammon
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 one
                 days
                 Journey
                 more
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Grove
                 of
                 the
                 God.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Site
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 is
                 surrounded
                 with
                 a
                 vast
                 Dry
                 and
                 Sandy
                 Desart
                 ,
                 Wast
                 and
                 Untill'd
                 ;
                 but
                 it self
                 is
                 *
                 Fifty
                 furlongs
                 Broad
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 Long
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 pleasant
                 Fountains
                 ,
                 and
                 watered
                 with
                 running
                 Streams
                 ,
                 richly
                 planted
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 bearing
                 Fruit.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Temperature
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 is
                 a
                 constant
                 Spring
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 all
                 the
                 Places
                 round
                 it
                 are
                 Dry
                 and
                 Scorching
                 ,
                 yet
                 to
                 all
                 that
                 live
                 there
                 ,
                 the
                 Heavens
                 afford
                 a
                 most
                 healthful
                 Climate
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 reported
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Temple
                 was
                 built
                 by
                 Danaus
                 the
                 Aegyptian
                 .
              
               
                 Towards
                 the
                 East
                 and
                 West
                 part
                 of
                 this
                 Sacred
                 Ground
                 the
                 Aethiopians
                 inhabit
                 ;
                 towards
                 
                 the
                 North
                 the
                 Numinidians
                 ,
                 a
                 People
                 of
                 Africa
                 ;
                 and
                 towards
                 the
                 South
                 the
                 Nasomeneans
                 .
                 The
                 Hammonians
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Grove
                 ,
                 live
                 in
                 Villages
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Grove
                 is
                 a
                 Castle
                 fortify'd
                 with
                 a
                 Treble
                 Wall
                 ;
                 within
                 the
                 first
                 stands
                 the
                 
                 Palace
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 Kings
                 ;
                 within
                 the
                 other
                 was
                 the
                 Gynecaeum
                 ,
                 where
                 were
                 the
                 Apartments
                 for
                 the
                 Wives
                 ,
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 Kindred
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 stood
                 as
                 a
                 common
                 Fortress
                 and
                 Guard
                 to
                 the
                 whole
                 Place
                 ;
                 and
                 lastly
                 ,
                 the
                 Temple
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Laver
                 ,
                 wherein
                 they
                 wash'd
                 the
                 Sacrifices
                 .
                 Within
                 the
                 Third
                 ,
                 were
                 the
                 Lodgings
                 of
                 the
                 Archers
                 and
                 Darters
                 ,
                 and
                 Guard-houses
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 attend
                 as
                 Guards
                 upon
                 the
                 Prince
                 when
                 he
                 walks
                 abroad
                 .
                 Not
                 far
                 from
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 stands
                 another
                 Temple
                 of
                 Hammon
                 ,
                 shaded
                 round
                 with
                 many
                 Fruit
                 Trees
                 ,
                 next
                 to
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 Fountain
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Solis
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Natural
                 Effects
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Water
                 differs
                 in
                 its
                 temper
                 ,
                 according
                 
                 to
                 the
                 several
                 Hours
                 of
                 the
                 Day
                 .
                 For
                 about
                 Sun
                 rising
                 it's
                 Lukewarm
                 ;
                 afterwards
                 as
                 the
                 Day
                 comes
                 on
                 ,
                 it
                 grows
                 colder
                 and
                 colder
                 ,
                 every
                 Hour
                 till
                 Noon
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 it
                 's
                 at
                 the
                 Coldest
                 .
                 And
                 thenceforward
                 till
                 Evening
                 the
                 Cold
                 abates
                 by
                 degrees
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 Night
                 approaches
                 it
                 waxes
                 hot
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 encreases
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 till
                 Midnight
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 it
                 boils
                 through
                 intensiveness
                 of
                 Heat
                 .
                 From
                 that
                 time
                 it
                 cools
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 till
                 Sun-rising
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 is
                 Lukewarm
                 again
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Image
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 God
                 is
                 adorn'd
                 in
                 every
                 part
                 with
                 Emeralds
                 and
                 other
                 precious
                 Stones
                 ,
                 and
                 delivers
                 his
                 Oracles
                 in
                 a
                 singular
                 and
                 unusual
                 Way
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 's
                 carry'd
                 about
                 in
                 a
                 Golden
                 Ship
                 by
                 fourscore
                 Priests
                 ,
                 who
                 make
                 to
                 that
                 Place
                 ,
                 whither
                 the
                 God
                 with
                 a
                 Nod
                 of
                 his
                 Head
                 directs
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 follows
                 a
                 great
                 Multitude
                 of
                 Matrons
                 and
                 young
                 Virgins
                 ,
                 singing
                 Paeans
                 all
                 the
                 way
                 as
                 they
                 go
                 ,
                 and
                 setting
                 forth
                 the
                 Praises
                 of
                 the
                 Idol
                 ,
                 in
                 Songs
                 compos'd
                 after
                 the
                 Custom
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Alexander
                 was
                 introduc'd
                 by
                 the
                 Priests
                 into
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 and
                 saw
                 the
                 God
                 ,
                 
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Old
                 Prophets
                 address'd
                 himself
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   God
                   save
                   thee
                   my
                   Son
                   ,
                   and
                   this
                   Title
                   take
                   along
                   with
                   thee
                   from
                   the
                   God
                   himself
                   .
                
                 To
                 whom
                 he
                 made
                 Answer
                 ,
                 
                   I
                   accept
                   it
                   ,
                   my
                   Father
                   ,
                   and
                   if
                   you
                   'll
                   make
                   me
                   Lord
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   World
                   ,
                   your
                   Son
                   I
                   'll
                   ever
                   be
                   call'd
                   .
                
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Priest
                 approach'd
                 near
                 the
                 Altar
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Men
                 (
                 who
                 according
                 to
                 Custom
                 lift
                 up
                 the
                 Image
                 )
                 at
                 the
                 uttering
                 some
                 Words
                 as
                 Signs
                 for
                 that
                 Purpose
                 ,
                 mov'd
                 forward
                 ,
                 the
                 Priest
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   the
                   God
                   would
                   certainly
                   bestow
                   upon
                   him
                   what
                   he
                   had
                   desir'd
                   .
                
                 This
                 was
                 very
                 acceptable
                 to
                 Alexander
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 then
                 he
                 further
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   I
                   intreat
                   thee
                   ,
                   O
                   God
                   ,
                   that
                   thou
                   wouldst
                   let
                   me
                   know
                   what
                   I
                   have
                   yet
                   to
                   enquire
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   is
                   ,
                   Whether
                   I
                   have
                   executed
                   Justice
                   upon
                   all
                   my
                   Father's
                   Murderers
                   ?
                   Or
                   whether
                   any
                   have
                   escap'd
                   ?
                
                 At
                 which
                 the
                 Oracle
                 cry'd
                 out
                 ,
                 
                   Express
                   thy self
                   better
                   ,
                   for
                   no
                   Mortal
                   can
                   kill
                   thy
                   Father
                   ,
                   but
                   all
                   the
                   Murderers
                   of
                
                 Philip
                 
                   have
                   suffer'd
                   just
                   Punishment
                
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 added
                 further
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   his
                   wonderful
                   Successes
                   and
                   Prosperous
                   Atchievements
                   ,
                   were
                   Evidences
                   of
                   his
                   Divine
                   Birth
                   :
                   For
                   as
                   he
                   was
                   never
                   yet
                   overcome
                   by
                   any
                   ,
                   so
                   he
                   should
                   be
                   ever
                   Victorious
                   for
                   the
                   time
                   to
                   come
                   .
                
              
               
                 Alexander
                 being
                 greatly
                 pleas'd
                 with
                 these
                 Answers
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 bestow'd
                 many
                 rich
                 
                 and
                 stately
                 Gifts
                 upon
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 return'd
                 back
                 on
                 his
                 way
                 for
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 intended
                 to
                 build
                 a
                 great
                 City
                 .
                 In
                 order
                 whereunto
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 there
                 ,
                 he
                 directed
                 the
                 Overseers
                 of
                 this
                 Work
                 to
                 build
                 it
                 between
                 the
                 Marishes
                 and
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 measur'd
                 out
                 the
                 Ground
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 mark'd
                 out
                 the
                 Streets
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 it
                 Alexandria
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 .
                 It
                 had
                 a
                 very
                 commodious
                 Situation
                 ,
                 being
                 near
                 unto
                 the
                 Haven
                 of
                 *
                 Pharos
                 .
                 He
                 order'd
                 and
                 contriv'd
                 the
                 Streets
                 with
                 that
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 Etesean
                 Winds
                 should
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 comfortable
                 Gales
                 ,
                 refresh
                 all
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 For
                 these
                 so
                 cool
                 the
                 Air
                 by
                 their
                 
                 Breezes
                 from
                 the
                 *
                 Great
                 Sea
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 by
                 so
                 welcome
                 and
                 delightful
                 Temperature
                 of
                 the
                 Heat
                 ,
                 are
                 very
                 healthful
                 .
                 He
                 likewise
                 drew
                 a
                 large
                 and
                 wonderful
                 strong
                 Wall
                 round
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 inasmuch
                 as
                 it
                 lay
                 between
                 a
                 large
                 Pond
                 on
                 the
                 one
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Sea
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 but
                 two
                 narrow
                 Ways
                 and
                 Passes
                 by
                 Land
                 to
                 it
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 easie
                 to
                 be
                 defended
                 by
                 a
                 small
                 Guard.
                 The
                 City
                 was
                 in
                 form
                 like
                 unto
                 a
                 Soldier
                 's
                 Coat
                 ,
                 one
                 large
                 and
                 beautifully
                 built
                 Street
                 running
                 almost
                 through
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ;
                 in
                 length
                 from
                 Gate
                 to
                 Gate
                 *
                 forty
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 in
                 breadth
                 an
                 hundred
                 Foot
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 most
                 stately
                 Structures
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 Temples
                 and
                 private
                 Houses
                 .
                 Alexander
                 likewise
                 built
                 a
                 large
                 and
                 stately
                 Palace
                 of
                 most
                 admirable
                 Workmanship
                 :
                 And
                 not
                 only
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 the
                 succeeding
                 Kings
                 of
                 Egypt
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 ,
                 to
                 our
                 present
                 Age
                 ,
                 have
                 enlarg'd
                 this
                 Palace
                 with
                 most
                 costly
                 and
                 sumptuous
                 Buildings
                 .
                 The
                 City
                 likewise
                 it self
                 has
                 been
                 enlarg'd
                 in
                 after-times
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 by
                 many
                 it
                 is
                 reputed
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Greatest
                 and
                 most
                 Noble
                 Cities
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 for
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 rich
                 Revenues
                 ,
                 and
                 plentiful
                 Provision
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 for
                 the
                 comfortable
                 Support
                 of
                 Man's
                 Life
                 ,
                 far
                 excelling
                 all
                 others
                 ;
                 and
                 far
                 more
                 populous
                 than
                 any
                 other
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 I
                 was
                 in
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 I
                 was
                 inform'd
                 
                 by
                 them
                 that
                 kept
                 the
                 Rolls
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 were
                 above
                 Three
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Freemen
                 that
                 inhabited
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 receiv'd
                 above
                 Six
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 yearly
                 Revenues
                 of
                 Egypt
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 appointed
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 to
                 oversee
                 and
                 take
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Building
                 of
                 Alexandria
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 setled
                 all
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Syria
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 Darius
                 had
                 intelligence
                 of
                 his
                 coming
                 ,
                 he
                 got
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 prepar'd
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 fight
                 him
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 order'd
                 the
                 Swords
                 and
                 Lances
                 
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 much
                 longer
                 ,
                 thinking
                 by
                 that
                 advantage
                 Alexander
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Victory
                 in
                 Cilicia
                 .
                 He
                 provided
                 likewise
                 two
                 hundred
                 hook'd
                 Chariots
                 ,
                 drawn
                 with
                 four
                 Horses
                 a
                 piece
                 ,
                 so
                 contriv'd
                 as
                 to
                 strike
                 Terror
                 into
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 the
                 Horses
                 which
                 drew
                 the
                 Chariot
                 by
                 Iron
                 Chains
                 ,
                 were
                 fix'd
                 in
                 the
                 Yoak-Darts
                 of
                 three
                 Spans
                 long
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Points
                 full
                 in
                 the
                 Faces
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 lower
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Axle-trees
                 ,
                 were
                 two
                 others
                 fastned
                 directly
                 as
                 those
                 before
                 ,
                 pointing
                 into
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Faces
                 ,
                 but
                 longer
                 and
                 broader
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 fix'd
                 sharp
                 Hooks
                 .
                 Having
                 compleatly
                 furnish'd
                 and
                 set
                 forth
                 his
                 Army
                 with
                 glittering
                 Arms
                 and
                 stout
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 from
                 Babylon
                 with
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Two
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 In
                 his
                 march
                 ,
                 Tygris
                 was
                 on
                 his
                 right
                 ,
                 and
                 Euphrates
                 on
                 his
                 left
                 Hand
                 ;
                 where
                 he
                 past
                 through
                 a
                 very
                 rich
                 Country
                 ,
                 abounding
                 in
                 Forage
                 for
                 his
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 supplying
                 sufficient
                 Provision
                 of
                 all
                 Things
                 for
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 
              
               
                 He
                 made
                 all
                 the
                 haste
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 reach
                 Niniveh
                 ,
                 there
                 to
                 fight
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 large
                 and
                 Champain
                 Country
                 ,
                 convenient
                 for
                 the
                 drawing
                 up
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 Army
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 a
                 Village
                 call'd
                 Arbela
                 ,
                 he
                 there
                 encamp'd
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 day
                 drew
                 up
                 his
                 Army
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ,
                 and
                 train'd
                 and
                 exercis'd
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 much
                 afraid
                 lest
                 amongst
                 so
                 many
                 Nations
                 differing
                 in
                 Language
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 nothing
                 but
                 Tumult
                 and
                 Confusion
                 in
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Fight
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 indeed
                 but
                 lately
                 before
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Alexander
                 to
                 treat
                 upon
                 Terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 offer'd
                 to
                 him
                 all
                 the
                 Countries
                 lying
                 within
                 the
                 Liver
                 Halys
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 of
                 Silver
                 ;
                 and
                 now
                 sent
                 others
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 much
                 commending
                 him
                 for
                 his
                 generous
                 and
                 honourable
                 Usage
                 of
                 his
                 Mother
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Captives
                 ,
                 and
                 desir'd
                 to
                 make
                 Peace
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 offer'd
                 all
                 the
                 Lands
                 lying
                 within
                 the
                 River
                 Euphrates
                 ,
                 with
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Daughters
                 in
                 Marriage
                 :
                 And
                 further
                 promis'd
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 content
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Son-in-Law
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 joint
                 Partner
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
               
                 Alexander
                 imparted
                 all
                 these
                 Proposals
                 ,
                 offer'd
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 Darius
                 ,
                 to
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 call'd
                 together
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 wish'd
                 them
                 freely
                 to
                 deliver
                 their
                 Opinions
                 in
                 this
                 matter
                 .
                 When
                 none
                 durst
                 speak
                 their
                 Minds
                 in
                 a
                 Business
                 of
                 so
                 high
                 a
                 Concernment
                 ,
                 Parmenio
                 stood
                 up
                 and
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   If
                   I
                   were
                
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 
                   I
                   would
                   accept
                   of
                   the
                   Terms
                   offer'd
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   Peace
                   .
                
                 To
                 whom
                 Alexander
                 reply'd
                 ,
                 
                   And
                   if
                   I
                   were
                
                 Parmenio
                 ,
                 
                   I
                   would
                   do
                   the
                   same
                
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 uttering
                 several
                 other
                 Words
                 manifesting
                 a
                 Greatness
                 and
                 Nobleness
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 he
                 
                 rejected
                 the
                 Conditions
                 offer'd
                 by
                 the
                 Persians
                 ;
                 and
                 preferring
                 Honour
                 before
                 Profit
                 or
                 other
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 he
                 spoke
                 to
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 :
                 As
                 two
                 Suns
                 in
                 the
                 Heaven
                 would
                 disorder
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 Universe
                 ,
                 so
                 two
                 Kings
                 Reigning
                 together
                 upon
                 Earth
                 ,
                 would
                 turn
                 all
                 into
                 Tumult
                 and
                 Confusion
                 .
                 Therefore
                 he
                 commanded
                 them
                 to
                 tell
                 
                 Darius
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 he
                 affected
                 the
                 Superiority
                 ,
                 then
                 to
                 come
                 and
                 try
                 it
                 out
                 with
                 him
                 for
                 the
                 whole
                 Empire
                 by
                 the
                 Sword
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 he
                 preferr'd
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Ease
                 before
                 Honour
                 ,
                 that
                 then
                 he
                 should
                 submit
                 to
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 he
                 might
                 Reign
                 over
                 others
                 as
                 a
                 King
                 ;
                 but
                 yet
                 receive
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 at
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 Alexander
                 as
                 a
                 Fruit
                 of
                 his
                 Bounty
                 .
              
               
               
                 Having
                 said
                 this
                 ,
                 he
                 presently
                 after
                 broke
                 up
                 the
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 towards
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Camp.
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Wife
                 of
                 Darius
                 dy'd
                 ,
                 and
                 Alexander
                 bury'd
                 her
                 honourably
                 according
                 to
                 her
                 Quality
                 .
                 When
                 Darius
                 receiv'd
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Answer
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 hopes
                 of
                 putting
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 by
                 Letters
                 and
                 Messages
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 train'd
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 every
                 day
                 ,
                 thereby
                 making
                 them
                 more
                 ready
                 and
                 willing
                 to
                 observe
                 all
                 Words
                 of
                 Command
                 whenever
                 they
                 should
                 engage
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 while
                 he
                 sent
                 Mazeus
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Faithfull
                 Friends
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Battalion
                 of
                 stout
                 Men
                 to
                 guard
                 the
                 Passage
                 over
                 the
                 River
                 Tygris
                 ,
                 and
                 secure
                 the
                 Ford.
                 Others
                 he
                 commanded
                 to
                 burn
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 Country
                 through
                 which
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 to
                 pass
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 reresolv'd
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 as
                 a
                 Defence
                 and
                 Bulwark
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 approach
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Mazeus
                 observing
                 that
                 the
                 River
                 was
                 not
                 passable
                 ,
                 both
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 its
                 depth
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 swiftness
                 of
                 its
                 Stream
                 ,
                 wav'd
                 the
                 guarding
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 employ'd
                 himself
                 in
                 wasting
                 and
                 destroying
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ;
                 concluding
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 that
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 the
                 Enemy
                 could
                 not
                 pass
                 that
                 way
                 through
                 want
                 of
                 Provision
                 .
              
               
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Tygris
                 (
                 being
                 inform'd
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 where
                 
                 the
                 Ford
                 lay
                 )
                 pass'd
                 his
                 Army
                 over
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 very
                 great
                 Toil
                 and
                 extream
                 Hazard
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Water
                 came
                 up
                 above
                 their
                 Breasts
                 ,
                 and
                 several
                 were
                 taken
                 off
                 their
                 Feet
                 ,
                 and
                 hurry'd
                 away
                 by
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 the
                 Stream
                 ;
                 many
                 others
                 likewise
                 were
                 born
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 perish'd
                 through
                 the
                 rapid
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 involving
                 it self
                 within
                 their
                 Arms.
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 to
                 withstand
                 the
                 Violence
                 of
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 order'd
                 his
                 Men
                 to
                 stand
                 close
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 together
                 ,
                 like
                 a
                 Rampire
                 against
                 the
                 Stream
                 :
                 By
                 this
                 means
                 they
                 got
                 safe
                 over
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 so
                 much
                 danger
                 and
                 difficulty
                 ,
                 he
                 permitted
                 them
                 to
                 refresh
                 themselves
                 for
                 one
                 day
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 he
                 march'd
                 in
                 Battalia
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 encamp'd
                 near
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 while
                 he
                 revolv'd
                 in
                 his
                 Mind
                 the
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 great
                 Difficulties
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 cope
                 with
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 now
                 all
                 lay
                 at
                 stake
                 ,
                 he
                 spent
                 all
                 that
                 Night
                 in
                 anxious
                 Thoughts
                 concerning
                 the
                 Event
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 fell
                 into
                 so
                 deep
                 a
                 Sleep
                 about
                 the
                 Morning-Watch
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 the
                 Sun
                 was
                 now
                 up
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 awak'd
                 .
                 His
                 Friends
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 were
                 very
                 glad
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 judging
                 the
                 longer
                 he
                 rested
                 the
                 more
                 lively
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 more
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 Fatigues
                 of
                 the
                 Day
                 .
                 But
                 Time
                 drawing
                 far
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 King
                 still
                 fast
                 asleep
                 ,
                 Parmenio
                 ,
                 the
                 Oldest
                 of
                 the
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 gave
                 Command
                 through
                 the
                 Army
                 to
                 prepare
                 for
                 an
                 Engagement
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 sleeping
                 still
                 ,
                 some
                 
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 stept
                 in
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 much
                 ado
                 to
                 awake
                 him
                 .
                 While
                 all
                 wonder'd
                 at
                 a
                 thing
                 so
                 unusual
                 ,
                 and
                 expected
                 to
                 hear
                 the
                 Cause
                 from
                 himself
                 ,
                 Now
                 ,
                 says
                 
                   Alexander
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   free
                   from
                   all
                   Fear
                   and
                   Care
                   as
                   concerning
                
                 Darius
                 ,
                 
                   who
                   has
                   brought
                   his
                   whole
                   Strength
                   together
                   into
                   one
                   Place
                   ;
                   for
                   by
                   one
                   Day
                   's
                   Battel
                   for
                   the
                   Trial
                   of
                   all
                   ,
                   I
                   shall
                   be
                   quit
                   and
                   discharg'd
                   of
                   all
                   my
                   Hazards
                   and
                   Toils
                   for
                   the
                   time
                   to
                   come
                   .
                
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 delay
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 Speech
                 to
                 encourage
                 his
                 Officers
                 to
                 pluck
                 up
                 their
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 Courageous
                 Hearts
                 to
                 ▪
                 〈◊〉
                 all
                 the
                 Dangers
                 that
                 were
                 before
                 them
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 he
                 march'd
                 in
                 Battalia
                 against
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Horse
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 The
                 Right
                 Wing
                 was
                 Commanded
                 by
                 Clitus
                 ,
                 surnam'd
                 Niger
                 ,
                 wherein
                 were
                 other
                 special
                 Friends
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Philotas
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Parmenio
                 ,
                 supported
                 by
                 seven
                 other
                 Regiments
                 of
                 Horse
                 under
                 the
                 same
                 Commander
                 .
                 After
                 them
                 were
                 plac'd
                 the
                 Battalion
                 of
                 Foot
                 call'd
                 *
                 Argyraspides
                 ,
                 glittering
                 in
                 their
                 Arms
                 (
                 most
                 excellent
                 Soldiers
                 )
                 led
                 by
                 Nicanor
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Parmenio
                 ;
                 to
                 support
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 plac'd
                 next
                 the
                 Squadrons
                 of
                 †
                 Elimia
                 ,
                 whose
                 Leader
                 was
                 Cenus
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 next
                 Squadron
                 stood
                 the
                 Oresteans
                 and
                 Lyncestians
                 ,
                 whose
                 Captain
                 was
                 Perdiccas
                 ;
                 next
                 to
                 these
                 was
                 Meleager
                 with
                 his
                 Squadron
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 him
                 Polysphercon
                 commanded
                 the
                 Stympheans
                 ;
                 and
                 next
                 to
                 him
                 Philip
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Balacrus
                 commanded
                 another
                 Squadron
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 him
                 Craterus
                 .
                 To
                 the
                 Squadrons
                 of
                 Horse
                 before-mention'd
                 were
                 ●oin'd
                 ,
                 as
                 Auxiliaries
                 ,
                 those
                 from
                 Peloponnesus
                 and
                 Achaia
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Phthiots
                   ,
                   Malieans
                   ,
                   Locrians
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 commanded
                 by
                 Erigyrus
                 of
                 Mitylene
                 .
                 After
                 these
                 were
                 plac'd
                 
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 (
                 for
                 Valour
                 and
                 Horsemanship
                 far
                 beyond
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 )
                 whose
                 Commander
                 was
                 Philip.
                 Next
                 to
                 these
                 he
                 drew
                 up
                 the
                 Archers
                 from
                 Crete
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 from
                 Achaia
                 .
              
               
                 Both
                 Wings
                 were
                 drawn
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Form
                 of
                 an
                 half-moon
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 hemm'd
                 in
                 by
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 provided
                 against
                 the
                 hook'd
                 Chariots
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 not
                 break
                 in
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 this
                 Contrivance
                 :
                 he
                 commanded
                 the
                 Foot
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 Chariots
                 advanc'd
                 near
                 in
                 their
                 Career
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 strike
                 with
                 their
                 Javelins
                 upon
                 their
                 Shields
                 lock'd
                 one
                 into
                 another
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 horses
                 ,
                 frighted
                 with
                 the
                 noise
                 ,
                 might
                 start
                 back
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 still
                 press'd
                 forward
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 force
                 their
                 way
                 ,
                 that
                 then
                 they
                 should
                 open
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 they
                 might
                 shun
                 them
                 without
                 any
                 prejudice
                 .
                 
                 He
                 himself
                 took
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 ,
                 and
                 drawing
                 up
                 in
                 an
                 oblique
                 Line
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 venture
                 himself
                 wherever
                 there
                 was
                 any
                 Danger
                 .
              
               
                 Darius
                 drew
                 up
                 his
                 Army
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 distinction
                 of
                 the
                 several
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 advanc'd
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 in
                 that
                 Wing
                 opposite
                 to
                 Alexander
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 both
                 Armies
                 
                 drew
                 near
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Trumpets
                 on
                 both
                 Sides
                 gave
                 the
                 Signal
                 to
                 Battel
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 made
                 at
                 one
                 another
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 shout
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 the
                 hook'd
                 Chariots
                 rushing
                 forward
                 with
                 a
                 mighty
                 force
                 ,
                 greatly
                 amaz'd
                 and
                 terrifi'd
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 For
                 Mazeus
                 the
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 charging
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Body
                 close
                 after
                 the
                 Chariots
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 terrible
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Action
                 ,
                 a
                 mighty
                 Crash
                 and
                 dreadful
                 Noise
                 was
                 made
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 by
                 the
                 Foot
                 's
                 striking
                 with
                 their
                 Jav●lins
                 upon
                 their
                 
                 Bucklers
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 commanded
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Chariots
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 fright
                 of
                 the
                 Horses
                 )
                 were
                 turn'd
                 aside
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Horses
                 being
                 altogether
                 ungovernable
                 ,
                 made
                 away
                 back
                 again
                 into
                 the
                 Persian
                 Army
                 ;
                 Most
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Chariots
                 breaking
                 in
                 among
                 the
                 Foot
                 ,
                 by
                 opening
                 to
                 make
                 way
                 ,
                 were
                 either
                 quite
                 destroy'd
                 by
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 or
                 diverted
                 .
                 Some
                 indeed
                 forc'd
                 their
                 way
                 with
                 that
                 Violence
                 ,
                 that
                 with
                 their
                 Hooks
                 they
                 bore
                 down
                 all
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 perish'd
                 by
                 several
                 sorts
                 of
                 deadly
                 Wounds
                 .
                 For
                 such
                 was
                 the
                 Force
                 and
                 Violence
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Sharpness
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 hook'd
                 Sithes
                 contriv'd
                 for
                 Destruction
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 had
                 their
                 Arms
                 with
                 their
                 Shields
                 in
                 their
                 Hands
                 cut
                 off
                 ;
                 and
                 not
                 a
                 few
                 had
                 their
                 Heads
                 so
                 suddenly
                 shear'd
                 off
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 tumbled
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 with
                 their
                 Eyes
                 open
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Countenance
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Posture
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 when
                 alive
                 .
                 Some
                 were
                 so
                 mortally
                 gash'd
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 through
                 their
                 Sides
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 forthwith
                 fell
                 down
                 dead
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Armies
                 came
                 closer
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 their
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 both
                 from
                 their
                 Bows
                 and
                 Slings
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 cast
                 by
                 the
                 Hand
                 ,
                 were
                 spent
                 ,
                 they
                 fell
                 to
                 it
                 hand
                 to
                 hand
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 Charge
                 was
                 by
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 being
                 in
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 opposite
                 to
                 Darius
                 ,
                 who
                 commanded
                 the
                 Left
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 were
                 his
                 Kindred
                 and
                 near
                 Relations
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Regiment
                 of
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 compos'd
                 only
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 in
                 greatest
                 Reputation
                 and
                 Account
                 for
                 their
                 Valour
                 and
                 special
                 Love
                 to
                 the
                 King.
                 These
                 having
                 him
                 a
                 Spectator
                 of
                 their
                 Valour
                 ,
                 readily
                 and
                 chearfully
                 receiv'd
                 all
                 the
                 Darts
                 that
                 were
                 cast
                 at
                 the
                 King.
                 They
                 were
                 seconded
                 by
                 the
                 Melephorians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 numerous
                 and
                 stout
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 them
                 were
                 join'd
                 the
                 Mardians
                 and
                 Cisseans
                 ,
                 Men
                 admir'd
                 for
                 their
                 Courage
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Bulk
                 of
                 their
                 Bodies
                 .
                 Besides
                 these
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Houshold
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 stoutest
                 of
                 the
                 Indians
                 .
                 All
                 these
                 made
                 a
                 fierce
                 Charge
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Shout
                 upon
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 put
                 very
                 hard
                 to
                 it
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 Multitude
                 .
                 *
                 Mazeus
                 likewise
                 in
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 brave
                 Body
                 of
                 Horse
                 charg'd
                 with
                 that
                 briskness
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 laid
                 many
                 at
                 his
                 Feet
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 onset
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 order'd
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Cadusian
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Thousand
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 Scythians
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 a
                 compass
                 round
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Wings
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 break
                 in
                 upon
                 the
                 Trenches
                 that
                 defended
                 their
                 Carriages
                 ;
                 who
                 presently
                 thereupon
                 put
                 in
                 execution
                 what
                 they
                 were
                 commanded
                 .
                 Thus
                 having
                 forc'd
                 into
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 Camp
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 catch'd
                 up
                 Arms
                 and
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Scythians
                 ,
                 and
                 rifled
                 the
                 Carriages
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 suddenness
                 of
                 the
                 Surprize
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 Noise
                 and
                 Clamour
                 arose
                 throughout
                 the
                 whole
                 Camp.
                 Then
                 other
                 Prisoners
                 ran
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 .
                 But
                 Sisygambris
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 Darius
                 would
                 not
                 stir
                 ,
                 though
                 she
                 was
                 mov'd
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 an
                 affectionate
                 Regard
                 to
                 her
                 Condition
                 ,
                 continu'd
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 place
                 ,
                 not
                 trusting
                 to
                 the
                 uncertain
                 Turns
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 nor
                 judging
                 it
                 fit
                 and
                 honourable
                 to
                 manifest
                 so
                 much
                 Ingratitude
                 towards
                 Alexander
                 .
                 The
                 Scythians
                 having
                 at
                 length
                 rifled
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Carriages
                 ,
                 return'd
                 to
                 Mazeus
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 him
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 happy
                 Success
                 .
                 With
                 the
                 like
                 good
                 Fortune
                 that
                 Body
                 of
                 Horse
                 with
                 Darius
                 put
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 (
                 overpower'd
                 with
                 Number
                 )
                 to
                 flight
                 .
                 While
                 
                 the
                 Victory
                 seem'd
                 thus
                 to
                 incline
                 to
                 the
                 Persians
                 by
                 this
                 second
                 Success
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 making
                 it
                 his
                 only
                 Business
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 speed
                 possible
                 to
                 rally
                 his
                 broken
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 repair
                 his
                 Losses
                 ,
                 charg'd
                 Darius
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Brigade
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 of
                 the
                 bravest
                 Horse
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 ;
                 The
                 Persian
                 King
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Charge
                 with
                 great
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 and
                 fighting
                 mounted
                 upon
                 his
                 Chariot
                 ,
                 dispatch'd
                 many
                 with
                 Darts
                 that
                 assaulted
                 him
                 ;
                 neither
                 were
                 they
                 few
                 that
                 defended
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 while
                 both
                 Kings
                 were
                 eager
                 to
                 destroy
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 in
                 throwing
                 a
                 Dart
                 at
                 Darius
                 miss'd
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 kill'd
                 his
                 Chariot-driver
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 those
                 about
                 the
                 King
                 that
                 were
                 at
                 some
                 distance
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 Cry
                 ,
                 believing
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 kill'd
                 ;
                 and
                 forthwith
                 betook
                 themselves
                 to
                 their
                 Heels
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 the
                 next
                 to
                 them
                 follow'd
                 .
                 Presently
                 the
                 Troops
                 next
                 to
                 Darius
                 himself
                 gave
                 ground
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 till
                 such
                 time
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 left
                 naked
                 on
                 one
                 side
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 he
                 himself
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Consternation
                 made
                 away
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 .
                 The
                 Persians
                 being
                 thus
                 dispers'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Horse
                 in
                 their
                 flight
                 rais'd
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Cloud
                 of
                 Dust
                 ,
                 that
                 Alexander
                 and
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 pursu'd
                 close
                 at
                 the
                 
                 Heels
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 see
                 which
                 way
                 Darius
                 fled
                 :
                 Nothing
                 was
                 heard
                 but
                 the
                 Groans
                 of
                 dying
                 Men
                 ,
                 the
                 trampling
                 of
                 Horses
                 ,
                 and
                 continual
                 Noise
                 and
                 Lashing
                 of
                 Whips
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Mazeus
                 in
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 having
                 the
                 bravest
                 and
                 stoutest
                 Horse
                 of
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 press'd
                 grievously
                 upon
                 those
                 Troops
                 with
                 whom
                 he
                 was
                 
                 engag'd
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 though
                 Parmenio
                 with
                 the
                 Thessalian
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 join'd
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 were
                 greatly
                 distress'd
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 bore
                 the
                 Brunt
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 first
                 through
                 his
                 own
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Bravery
                 of
                 the
                 Thessalian
                 Horse
                 ,
                 worsted
                 the
                 Persians
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Horse
                 with
                 Mazeus
                 by
                 their
                 Number
                 bearing
                 down
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 that
                 Wing
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 was
                 quite
                 routed
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 was
                 now
                 no
                 standing
                 before
                 the
                 
                   Barbarians
                   .
                   Parmenio
                
                 therefore
                 sent
                 Horsemen
                 after
                 Alexander
                 to
                 intreat
                 his
                 Assistance
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 ,
                 who
                 hasted
                 away
                 to
                 execute
                 the
                 Orders
                 and
                 Command
                 given
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 heard
                 that
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 was
                 fled
                 ,
                 they
                 return'd
                 without
                 going
                 further
                 .
                 However
                 Parmenio
                 bestirring
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 rallying
                 his
                 Troops
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 Thessalian
                 Horse
                 hew'd
                 down
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 with
                 
                 much
                 ado
                 put
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 in
                 Amaze
                 and
                 Consternation
                 upon
                 hearing
                 that
                 Darius
                 was
                 fled
                 .
              
               
                 Darius
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 being
                 an
                 expert
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 help'd
                 by
                 the
                 thick
                 Cloud
                 of
                 Dust
                 ,
                 took
                 not
                 his
                 Course
                 strait
                 forward
                 like
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 but
                 turn'd
                 a
                 different
                 way
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 being
                 not
                 discern'd
                 ,
                 (
                 by
                 reason
                 the
                 Dust
                 rose
                 so
                 high
                 ,
                 )
                 escap'd
                 clear
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 went
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 safe
                 into
                 the
                 Towns
                 and
                 Villages
                 that
                 lay
                 at
                 the
                 Backs
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 length
                 all
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 taking
                 to
                 their
                 Heels
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 killing
                 all
                 that
                 
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Rear
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 all
                 that
                 large
                 Plain
                 was
                 cover'd
                 over
                 with
                 dead
                 Carkasses
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 kill'd
                 in
                 this
                 Battel
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 Horse
                 and
                 Foot
                 ,
                 above
                 Ninety
                 thousand
                 ;
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 Five
                 hundred
                 only
                 ,
                 but
                 great
                 Multitudes
                 wounded
                 .
                 Amongst
                 whom
                 ,
                 Hephestion
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 bravest
                 of
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 and
                 Captain
                 of
                 his
                 Guard
                 ,
                 was
                 shot
                 through
                 the
                 Arm
                 with
                 a
                 Dart.
                 
                   Perdiccas
                   ,
                   Cenas
                   ,
                   Menidas
                
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 likewise
                 were
                 wounded
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 Issue
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 at
                 Arbela
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VI.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Graecians
                   conspire
                   to
                   Revolt
                   .
                   Memnon
                   rebells
                   in
                   
                     Thrace
                     .
                     Antipater
                  
                   marches
                   against
                   him
                   .
                   The
                   Lacedaemonians
                   raise
                   an
                   Army
                   ;
                   are
                   routed
                   by
                   Antipater
                   ,
                   and
                   Agis
                   their
                   King
                   kill'd
                   .
                
              
               
                 ARistophon
                 was
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Cneius
                   Domitius
                
                 and
                 Aulus
                 
                 Cornelius
                 were
                 created
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 when
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 News
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 at
                 Arbela
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 bestir
                 themselves
                 to
                 defend
                 their
                 ancient
                 Liberties
                 ,
                 whilst
                 the
                 Persians
                 had
                 any
                 Power
                 left
                 to
                 assist
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 assist
                 Darius
                 with
                 Monies
                 to
                 raise
                 Foreign
                 Soldiers
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 concluded
                 ,
                 that
                 Alexander
                 durst
                 not
                 divide
                 his
                 Army
                 lest
                 he
                 should
                 disturb
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 suffer
                 the
                 Persians
                 to
                 be
                 destroy'd
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 of
                 themselves
                 to
                 defend
                 their
                 Liberties
                 .
                 And
                 an
                 Insurrection
                 in
                 Thrace
                 encourag'd
                 them
                 the
                 more
                 to
                 Revolt
                 :
                 For
                 Memnon
                 being
                 sent
                 General
                 into
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 having
                 both
                 Courage
                 and
                 Force
                 sufficient
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Instigation
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 rebell'd
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 now
                 appear'd
                 in
                 open
                 War.
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Antipater
                 gather'd
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 through
                 Macedonia
                 into
                 Thrace
                 against
                 Memnon
                 .
                 Things
                 thus
                 falling
                 out
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 judging
                 that
                 now
                 a
                 fair
                 Opportunity
                 was
                 offer'd
                 them
                 to
                 prepare
                 for
                 War
                 ,
                 sollicited
                 the
                 Graecians
                 to
                 Confederate
                 together
                 for
                 their
                 remaining
                 Liberties
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 many
                 Kindnesses
                 and
                 Marks
                 of
                 Honour
                 from
                 Alexander
                 beyond
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 continu'd
                 quiet
                 and
                 firm
                 in
                 their
                 Duty
                 .
                 But
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Peloponnesians
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 ,
                 entred
                 into
                 the
                 League
                 ,
                 and
                 inroll'd
                 their
                 Names
                 as
                 Soldiers
                 for
                 the
                 Army
                 ;
                 so
                 as
                 according
                 as
                 every
                 City
                 was
                 able
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 forth
                 the
                 choicest
                 of
                 their
                 Youth
                 ,
                 and
                 rais'd
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 The
                 Management
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 War
                 was
                 left
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 lay
                 all
                 at
                 Stake
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Agis
                 General
                 .
                 Antipater
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Defection
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 compos'd
                 all
                 Matters
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 in
                 Thrace
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 into
                 Greece
                 ,
                 having
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Forty
                 thousand
                 Greek
                 Auxiliaries
                 as
                 Confederates
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 
                 a
                 great
                 Battel
                 was
                 fought
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Agis
                 (
                 though
                 he
                 behav'd
                 himself
                 with
                 great
                 Valour
                 and
                 Resolution
                 )
                 was
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 (
                 having
                 stood
                 to
                 it
                 stoutly
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 )
                 upon
                 their
                 Confederates
                 giving
                 Ground
                 ,
                 likewise
                 retreated
                 towards
                 Sparta
                 .
                 There
                 fell
                 of
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 and
                 their
                 Confederates
                 in
                 this
                 Battel
                 above
                 Five
                 thousand
                 and
                 Three
                 hundred
                 :
                 Of
                 those
                 with
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 Three
                 thousand
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 was
                 one
                 Thing
                 very
                 Remarkable
                 concerning
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Agis
                 .
                 Having
                 fought
                 with
                 great
                 Gallantry
                 and
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 many
                 Wounds
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 carry'd
                 off
                 by
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 back
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 but
                 being
                 surrounded
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 finding
                 no
                 likelihood
                 to
                 escape
                 ,
                 he
                 charg'd
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 forthwith
                 to
                 be
                 gone
                 ,
                 and
                 preserve
                 themselves
                 for
                 the
                 further
                 Service
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 remain'd
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 his
                 Sword
                 in
                 his
                 Hand
                 fought
                 it
                 out
                 upon
                 his
                 Knees
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 several
                 of
                 the
                 Assailants
                 ,
                 till
                 at
                 length
                 being
                 shot
                 through
                 the
                 Body
                 with
                 a
                 Dart
                 ,
                 he
                 there
                 dy'd
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 reign'd
                 Nine
                 Years
                 .
                 Thus
                 far
                 for
                 Europe
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 return
                 again
                 to
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Asia
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Alexander
                   comes
                   to
                   Babylon
                   .
                   The
                   Wealth
                   found
                   there
                   .
                   Views
                   his
                   Troops
                   at
                   Sitacana
                   .
                   The
                   Riches
                   there
                   .
                   Thence
                   goes
                   into
                   the
                   Country
                   of
                   the
                   Uxians
                   .
                   Marches
                   towards
                   Persepolis
                   .
                   A
                   Company
                   of
                   maim'd
                   Greeks
                   met
                   Alexander
                   :
                   His
                   Bounty
                   to
                   them
                   .
                   He
                   takes
                   Persepolis
                   ;
                   gives
                   it
                   up
                   to
                   the
                   Plunder
                   of
                   the
                   Soldiers
                   .
                   The
                   Riches
                   of
                   the
                   Cittadel
                   of
                   Persepolis
                   .
                   Alexander's
                   Feast
                   at
                   
                     Persepolis
                     .
                     Persepolis
                  
                   burnt
                   at
                   the
                   Instigation
                   of
                   
                     Thais
                     .
                     Darius
                  
                   murder'd
                   .
                
              
               
                 DArius
                 being
                 routed
                 at
                 Arabela
                 ,
                 fled
                 towards
                 the
                 higher
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 both
                 by
                 the
                 distance
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 recruit
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 have
                 more
                 time
                 to
                 raise
                 a
                 new
                 Army
                 .
                 He
                 came
                 first
                 to
                 Ecbatane
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 stay'd
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 receiv'd
                 his
                 broken
                 Troops
                 that
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 arm'd
                 again
                 such
                 as
                 had
                 lost
                 their
                 Arms.
                 He
                 sent
                 likewise
                 for
                 the
                 Militia
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 dispatch'd
                 Messengers
                 to
                 the
                 Lord-Lieutenants
                 and
                 Commanders
                 in
                 Bactria
                 and
                 the
                 upper
                 Praefectures
                 ,
                 wishing
                 them
                 to
                 abide
                 firm
                 to
                 him
                 in
                 their
                 Faith
                 and
                 Loyalty
                 .
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 (
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 buri'd
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 kill'd
                 in
                 the
                 Battel
                 )
                 enter'd
                 Arbela
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 found
                 abundance
                 of
                 rich
                 Furniture
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 and
                 vast
                 Treasures
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 amounting
                 to
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 of
                 Silver
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 he
                 judg'd
                 that
                 the
                 Air
                 thereabouts
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 infected
                 through
                 the
                 Stench
                 of
                 the
                 Bodies
                 that
                 lay
                 there
                 slain
                 ,
                 he
                 presently
                 remov'd
                 his
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 
                 Forces
                 to
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 chearfully
                 receiv'd
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 splendid
                 Entertainment
                 afforded
                 to
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 And
                 there
                 his
                 Army
                 was
                 refresh'd
                 after
                 the
                 many
                 Toils
                 and
                 Difficulties
                 they
                 had
                 undergone
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 in
                 the
                 Confluence
                 of
                 all
                 Things
                 desirable
                 ,
                 and
                 free
                 and
                 noble
                 Entertainment
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 he
                 continu'd
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 above
                 Thirty
                 Days
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 made
                 Agatho
                 of
                 Pydna
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Garison
                 of
                 Seven
                 Hundred
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 To
                 Apollodorus
                 of
                 Amphipolis
                 ,
                 and
                 Menetes
                 of
                 Pelea
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Prefectures
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 them
                 to
                 raise
                 what
                 Forces
                 they
                 could
                 ;
                 and
                 gave
                 them
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Talents
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 .
                 He
                 made
                 Mithrinas
                 ,
                 who
                 betray'd
                 the
                 Castle
                 of
                 Sardis
                 ,
                 Lord
                 Lieutenant
                 of
                 Armenia
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Monies
                 that
                 he
                 found
                 in
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 to
                 every
                 Horseman
                 *
                 Six
                 Minas
                 ;
                 to
                 every
                 Auxiliary
                 ,
                 Five
                 ;
                 to
                 each
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Macedonian
                   Phalanx
                
                 ,
                 Two
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 every
                 Foreign
                 Mercenary
                 ,
                 Two
                 Months
                 Pay.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 King
                 removing
                 from
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 his
                 March
                 there
                 came
                 to
                 him
                 Recruits
                 from
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Macedonian
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 Six
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ;
                 Six
                 hundred
                 
                 Thracian
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Trallians
                 :
                 From
                 Peloponnesus
                 Four
                 thousand
                 
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 Among
                 these
                 were
                 sent
                 Fifty
                 of
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 's
                 special
                 Friends
                 from
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 design'd
                 by
                 their
                 Fathers
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Life-Guard
                 .
                 Having
                 receiv'd
                 these
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 forward
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 ,
                 after
                 Six
                 Decampments
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Sitacina
                 .
                 And
                 here
                 he
                 stay'd
                 several
                 Days
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Country
                 abounded
                 in
                 all
                 Things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Life
                 of
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 mind
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 should
                 refresh
                 themselves
                 after
                 their
                 tedious
                 March.
                 And
                 had
                 a
                 Purpose
                 
                 likewise
                 to
                 take
                 a
                 more
                 exact
                 View
                 and
                 Account
                 of
                 his
                 Troops
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 inlarge
                 the
                 Commands
                 and
                 Governments
                 of
                 his
                 Captains
                 and
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 to
                 strengthen
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 both
                 by
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 Valour
                 of
                 their
                 Officers
                 .
                 All
                 which
                 he
                 forthwith
                 put
                 in
                 Execution
                 ;
                 and
                 making
                 choice
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Deserving
                 with
                 the
                 utmost
                 Care
                 possible
                 ,
                 he
                 advanc'd
                 many
                 from
                 very
                 considerable
                 Places
                 of
                 Trust
                 and
                 Authority
                 to
                 much
                 higher
                 Preferments
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 he
                 both
                 promoted
                 his
                 Officers
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 their
                 Hearts
                 and
                 Affections
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 .
                 He
                 took
                 care
                 also
                 for
                 the
                 better
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 Common
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 many
                 new
                 Inventions
                 put
                 every
                 thing
                 into
                 a
                 better
                 Order
                 and
                 Posture
                 than
                 they
                 were
                 before
                 .
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 so
                 manag'd
                 every
                 thing
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Love
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 them
                 in
                 all
                 Points
                 observant
                 to
                 his
                 Commands
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 assur'd
                 for
                 Valour
                 they
                 would
                 give
                 Ground
                 to
                 none
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 forward
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 finish
                 by
                 fighting
                 what
                 further
                 remain'd
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Susiana
                 ,
                 he
                 presently
                 without
                 any
                 difficulty
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Possession
                 
                 of
                 Susa
                 ,
                 the
                 Royal
                 City
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 beautiful
                 Palace
                 of
                 the
                 Universe
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 voluntarily
                 surrender'd
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 Abuletes
                 the
                 Lord
                 Lieutenant
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 .
                 But
                 some
                 Writers
                 
                 have
                 said
                 ,
                 That
                 this
                 was
                 done
                 by
                 order
                 from
                 Darius
                 himself
                 ,
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 otherwise
                 would
                 have
                 been
                 both
                 Loyal
                 and
                 Faithful
                 to
                 his
                 Interest
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 this
                 was
                 done
                 by
                 the
                 Persian
                 King
                 for
                 this
                 end
                 ,
                 that
                 Alexander
                 being
                 taken
                 up
                 with
                 Matters
                 of
                 such
                 great
                 Moment
                 ,
                 as
                 taking
                 Possession
                 of
                 famous
                 and
                 noble
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 loading
                 himself
                 with
                 vast
                 Treasures
                 ,
                 Darius
                 might
                 gain
                 more
                 time
                 for
                 the
                 raising
                 of
                 fresh
                 Forces
                 for
                 the
                 carrying
                 on
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 Alexander
                 therefore
                 having
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 the
                 King's
                 Treasures
                 ,
                 found
                 there
                 above
                 Forty
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 of
                 uncoin'd
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 .
                 The
                 Kings
                 had
                 preserv'd
                 this
                 Treasure
                 untouch'd
                 for
                 many
                 Ages
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 ready
                 to
                 resort
                 to
                 in
                 case
                 of
                 some
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 Turn
                 of
                 Fortune
                 .
                 Besides
                 this
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 likewise
                 Nine
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 in
                 coin'd
                 Money
                 call'd
                 Daricks
                 .
                 While
                 Alexander
                 was
                 taking
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 this
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 there
                 happen'd
                 something
                 that
                 was
                 very
                 Remarkable
                 .
                 The
                 Throne
                 whereon
                 he
                 sate
                 being
                 too
                 high
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 his
                 Feet
                 could
                 not
                 touch
                 the
                 Footstool
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Boys
                 observing
                 it
                 ,
                 brought
                 Darius
                 his
                 Table
                 and
                 plac'd
                 it
                 under
                 his
                 Feet
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 very
                 well
                 pleas'd
                 ,
                 and
                 commended
                 his
                 Care.
                 But
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Eunuchs
                 standing
                 at
                 the
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Throne
                 ,
                 much
                 concern'd
                 and
                 griev'd
                 at
                 such
                 a
                 change
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 burst
                 out
                 into
                 Tears
                 :
                 Which
                 Alexander
                 perceiving
                 ;
                 
                   What
                   Ill
                   dost
                   thou
                   see
                
                 (
                 says
                 he
                 )
                 
                   that
                   thou
                   weepest
                   so
                
                 ?
                 To
                 whom
                 he
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 
                   I
                   was
                   once
                
                 Darius
                 
                   his
                   Servant
                
                 ,
                 
                 
                   now
                   I
                   am
                   yours
                   ;
                   but
                   because
                   I
                   cannot
                   but
                   love
                   my
                   natural
                   Lord
                   and
                   Master
                   ,
                   I
                   am
                   not
                   able
                   without
                   extream
                   Sorrow
                   to
                   see
                   that
                   Table
                   put
                   to
                   so
                   base
                   and
                   mean
                   a
                   Use
                   ,
                   which
                   by
                   him
                   was
                   so
                   lately
                   grao'd
                   and
                   honour'd
                   .
                
                 The
                 King
                 ,
                 upon
                 this
                 Answer
                 ,
                 reflecting
                 upon
                 the
                 strange
                 Change
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 consider
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 acted
                 the
                 part
                 of
                 a
                 Proud
                 and
                 Insulting
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 not
                 becoming
                 that
                 Humanity
                 and
                 Clemency
                 which
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 shewn
                 towards
                 Captives
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 commanded
                 him
                 who
                 plac'd
                 the
                 Table
                 there
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 it
                 away
                 :
                 But
                 Philotas
                 standing
                 near
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   It
                   is
                   not
                   Pride
                   or
                   Insolency
                   ,
                   O
                   King
                   !
                   being
                   done
                   without
                   your
                   Command
                   ,
                   but
                   it
                   falls
                   out
                   to
                   be
                   so
                   through
                   the
                   Providence
                   and
                   Pleasure
                   of
                   some
                   good
                   Genius
                   .
                
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 order'd
                 the
                 Table
                 to
                 remain
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 ,
                 looking
                 upon
                 it
                 as
                 some
                 happy
                 Omen
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 he
                 order'd
                 some
                 Masters
                 to
                 attend
                 upon
                 Darius
                 his
                 Mother
                 ,
                 his
                 Daughters
                 and
                 Son
                 ,
                 to
                 instruct
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Greek
                 Tongue
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 them
                 at
                 Susa
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 himself
                 march'd
                 away
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 four
                 Decampments
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Tigris
                 ,
                 which
                 rising
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Uxian
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 runs
                 first
                 through
                 a
                 rough
                 and
                 craggy
                 Country
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 large
                 and
                 wide
                 Channels
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Furlongs
                 ;
                 thence
                 it
                 passes
                 through
                 a
                 Champion
                 Country
                 with
                 a
                 more
                 gentle
                 Current
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 made
                 its
                 way
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Six
                 hundred
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 it
                 empties
                 it self
                 into
                 the
                 Persian
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 Alexander
                 having
                 pass'd
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 march'd
                 towards
                 the
                 most
                 fruitful
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Uxians
                 :
                 For
                 being
                 water'd
                 in
                 every
                 part
                 ,
                 it
                 plentifully
                 produces
                 Fruits
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 and
                 kinds
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 being
                 in
                 their
                 proper
                 Season
                 dri'd
                 in
                 the
                 Time
                 of
                 Autumn
                 ,
                 they
                 make
                 
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Sweetmeats
                 ,
                 Sauces
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Compositions
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 necessary
                 Use
                 and
                 Pleasure
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Merchants
                 convey
                 them
                 down
                 the
                 River
                 Tygris
                 to
                 Babylon
                 .
                 He
                 found
                 all
                 the
                 Passes
                 strongly
                 guarded
                 by
                 Madates
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 near
                 related
                 in
                 Kindred
                 to
                 Darius
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 a
                 strong
                 and
                 well-disciplin'd
                 Army
                 .
                 Whilst
                 Alexander
                 was
                 viewing
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 the
                 Places
                 ,
                 and
                 could
                 find
                 out
                 no
                 Passage
                 through
                 those
                 steep
                 Rocks
                 ;
                 an
                 Inhabitant
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 well
                 acquainted
                 with
                 those
                 Ways
                 ,
                 promis'd
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 lead
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 through
                 such
                 a
                 strait
                 and
                 difficult
                 Path-way
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 stand
                 at
                 length
                 over
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 :
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 King
                 order'd
                 a
                 small
                 Party
                 to
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 us'd
                 his
                 utmost
                 Endeavour
                 
                 to
                 force
                 his
                 Way
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Guards
                 ,
                 and
                 while
                 they
                 were
                 hotly
                 engag'd
                 .
                 (
                 fresh
                 Men
                 still
                 supplying
                 the
                 Room
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 weary
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 disorderd
                 ,
                 and
                 running
                 here
                 annothere
                 in
                 the
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 away
                 appear'd
                 over
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 the
                 Guards
                 that
                 kept
                 the
                 Passages
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 amaz'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 forthwith
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 King
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Pass
                 ;
                 and
                 presently
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 throughout
                 all
                 Uxiana
                 were
                 brought
                 into
                 Subjection
                 .
                 Thence
                 he
                 decamp'd
                 and
                 march'd
                 towards
                 Persia
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Fifth
                 Day
                 came
                 to
                 a
                 Place
                 call'd
                 :
                 he
                 
                   Susian
                   R●cks
                
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 before
                 possess'd
                 by
                 Ariobarzanes
                 ,
                 with
                 Five
                 and
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 concluding
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 must
                 gain
                 the
                 Pass
                 by
                 force
                 ,
                 led
                 his
                 Troops
                 through
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 strait
                 and
                 craggy
                 Places
                 without
                 any
                 Resistance
                 ;
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 never
                 offer'd
                 to
                 disturb
                 him
                 till
                 he
                 came
                 the
                 mid-way
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 they
                 bestirr'd
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 threw
                 down
                 great
                 Numbers
                 of
                 massy
                 Stones
                 upon
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 Many
                 cast
                 their
                 Darts
                 from
                 the
                 Rocks
                 above
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 fail'd
                 not
                 to
                 do
                 Execution
                 ,
                 falling
                 among
                 
                 such
                 a
                 Throng
                 of
                 Men
                 together
                 :
                 Others
                 with
                 Hand-stones
                 repuls'd
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 that
                 were
                 forcing
                 to
                 break
                 in
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Difficulty
                 of
                 the
                 Places
                 ,
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 so
                 far
                 prevail'd
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 kill
                 Multitudes
                 ,
                 and
                 wound
                 as
                 many
                 .
                 Alexander
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 prevent
                 this
                 sad
                 and
                 miserable
                 Slaughter
                 ,
                 and
                 perceiving
                 that
                 not
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 fell
                 ,
                 or
                 was
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 hurt
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Men
                 were
                 slain
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 all
                 that
                 led
                 the
                 Van
                 were
                 wounded
                 ,
                 he
                 sounded
                 a
                 Retreat
                 ;
                 and
                 march'd
                 back
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 encamp'd
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 enquir'd
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 whether
                 there
                 was
                 any
                 other
                 Way
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 who
                 all
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   there
                   was
                   none
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   he
                   must
                   go
                   round
                   many
                   Days
                   Journey
                   .
                
                 But
                 the
                 King
                 looking
                 upon
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 Dishonourable
                 Thing
                 to
                 leave
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 slain
                 unbury'd
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 disgraceful
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 owning
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 conquer'd
                 by
                 treating
                 for
                 Liberty
                 to
                 bury
                 the
                 Dead
                 ,
                 he
                 commanded
                 the
                 Captives
                 ,
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 were
                 there
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 Among
                 these
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 one
                 that
                 understood
                 both
                 the
                 Persian
                 and
                 Greek
                 Tongue
                 ,
                 who
                 declar'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 Lycian
                 and
                 sometime
                 ago
                 made
                 a
                 *
                 Prisoner
                 at
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 for
                 several
                 Years
                 last
                 past
                 he
                 had
                 exercis'd
                 the
                 calling
                 of
                 a
                 Shepherd
                 in
                 those
                 Neighbouring
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 had
                 perfect
                 knowledge
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 told
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 lead
                 the
                 Army
                 through
                 the
                 Woods
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 them
                 directly
                 upon
                 the
                 Backs
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 guarded
                 the
                 Passes
                 ;
                 Hearing
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 promis'd
                 the
                 Man
                 a
                 large
                 Reward
                 ,
                 who
                 thereupon
                 so
                 conducted
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 with
                 great
                 Labour
                 and
                 Toil
                 he
                 got
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 drail'd
                 through
                 abundance
                 of
                 Snow
                 ,
                 and
                 past
                 through
                 a
                 Country
                 full
                 of
                 steep
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 deep
                 Gulphs
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 Vallies
                 .
                 Having
                 march'd
                 through
                 this
                 Tract
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 in
                 sight
                 of
                 the
                 Guards
                 ,
                 he
                 presently
                 kill'd
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 those
                 Prisoners
                 that
                 were
                 plac'd
                 in
                 the
                 next
                 Pass
                 .
                 The
                 third
                 Guard
                 presently
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 he
                 gain'd
                 all
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 Ariobarzanes
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 Thence
                 he
                 march'd
                 towards
                 Persepolis
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 his
                 way
                 receiv'd
                 Letters
                 from
                 Teridates
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 whereby
                 he
                 signify'd
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 he
                 hasted
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 prevented
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 coming
                 to
                 relieve
                 Persepolis
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 deliver
                 the
                 City
                 into
                 his
                 Hand
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 swift
                 March
                 ,
                 and
                 pass'd
                 his
                 Army
                 over
                 the
                 River
                 Araxis
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 Bridge
                 then
                 laid
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 .
                 As
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 on
                 his
                 March
                 ,
                 a
                 most
                 sad
                 Spectacle
                 presented
                 it self
                 ,
                 which
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 just
                 Hatred
                 against
                 the
                 Author
                 ,
                 Pity
                 and
                 Compassion
                 for
                 the
                 irreparable
                 Loss
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 suffer'd
                 ;
                 and
                 Grief
                 and
                 Sorrow
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 Beholders
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 met
                 him
                 certain
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 former
                 Kings
                 of
                 Persia
                 had
                 made
                 Captives
                 and
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 down
                 at
                 his
                 Feet
                 ;
                 they
                 were
                 near
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 ,
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 then
                 old
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 
                 maim'd
                 ,
                 some
                 having
                 their
                 Hands
                 ,
                 others
                 their
                 Hands
                 ,
                 others
                 their
                 Feet
                 ,
                 some
                 their
                 Ears
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 their
                 Noses
                 ,
                 cut
                 off
                 .
                 If
                 any
                 were
                 expert
                 in
                 any
                 Art
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 made
                 a
                 considerable
                 Progress
                 therein
                 ,
                 all
                 his
                 outward
                 Members
                 were
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 but
                 such
                 only
                 as
                 were
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 his
                 Art.
                 So
                 that
                 all
                 that
                 beheld
                 their
                 Venerable
                 old
                 Age
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 sad
                 mangling
                 of
                 their
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 greatly
                 pity'd
                 the
                 miserable
                 Condition
                 of
                 these
                 poor
                 Creatures
                 :
                 Especially
                 Alexander
                 so
                 piti'd
                 their
                 sad
                 Condition
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 re●rain
                 from
                 Weeping
                 .
                 These
                 all
                 with
                 one
                 Voice
                 cry'd
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 intreated
                 him
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 would
                 Succour
                 and
                 Relieve
                 them
                 in
                 these
                 their
                 Calamities
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 call'd
                 the
                 chiefest
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 told
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 take
                 special
                 Care
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 he
                 would
                 see
                 them
                 sent
                 honourably
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 as
                 became
                 the
                 Dignity
                 of
                 his
                 Person
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 they
                 consulted
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 concluded
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 better
                 for
                 them
                 to
                 remain
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 return
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 return'd
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 scatter'd
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Days
                 of
                 their
                 Lives
                 be
                 Mock'd
                 and
                 Despis'd
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 sad
                 Misfortunes
                 .
                 But
                 if
                 they
                 continu'd
                 together
                 as
                 Fellows
                 in
                 their
                 Misery
                 ,
                 the
                 Calamity
                 of
                 their
                 Fellow-Sufferers
                 would
                 
                 be
                 an
                 Allay
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 Comfort
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Adversities
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 second
                 Address
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 declar'd
                 to
                 him
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 resolv'd
                 upon
                 ,
                 and
                 desir'd
                 him
                 he
                 would
                 afford
                 such
                 Relief
                 to
                 them
                 as
                 was
                 most
                 agreable
                 to
                 their
                 present
                 Circumstances
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 consented
                 to
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 determin'd
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 to
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 Three
                 thousand
                 *
                 Drachmas
                 ,
                 Five
                 Suits
                 of
                 Rayment
                 to
                 every
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 to
                 each
                 Woman
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 Two
                 Yoke
                 of
                 Oxen
                 ,
                 Fifty
                 Sheep
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 *
                 Medimnas
                 of
                 Wheat
                 .
                 And
                 commanded
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 free
                 from
                 all
                 Taxes
                 and
                 Tribute
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 strict
                 Charge
                 to
                 the
                 Officers
                 employ'd
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 should
                 offer
                 them
                 any
                 Injury
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 natural
                 Goodness
                 and
                 innate
                 Generosity
                 ,
                 comforted
                 these
                 poor
                 miserable
                 People
                 .
                 He
                 then
                 call'd
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 told
                 them
                 ,
                 That
                 Persepolis
                 ,
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Asia
                 had
                 done
                 most
                 Mischief
                 to
                 the
                 Graecians
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 gave
                 it
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Plunder
                 and
                 Spoil
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 King's
                 Palace
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 richest
                 City
                 of
                 any
                 under
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 many
                 Ages
                 all
                 the
                 private
                 Houses
                 were
                 full
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 ever
                 was
                 desirable
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Macedonians
                 therefore
                 forcing
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 put
                 all
                 the
                 Men
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 rifl'd
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 every
                 Man's
                 Goods
                 and
                 Estate
                 ,
                 amongst
                 which
                 was
                 abundance
                 of
                 rich
                 and
                 costly
                 Furniture
                 and
                 Ornaments
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Place
                 was
                 hurri'd
                 away
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 vast
                 Quantities
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 less
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 great
                 Numbers
                 of
                 rich
                 Garments
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 Purple
                 ,
                 others
                 embroider'd
                 with
                 Gold
                 ,
                 all
                 which
                 became
                 a
                 plentiful
                 Prey
                 to
                 the
                 ravenous
                 Soldiers
                 :
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 great
                 Seat
                 Royal
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 once
                 famous
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 over
                 ,
                 was
                 now
                 expos'd
                 to
                 Scorn
                 and
                 Contempt
                 ,
                 and
                 rifl'd
                 from
                 top
                 to
                 bottom
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 every
                 Place
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 rich
                 Spoil
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Covetousness
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 was
                 insatiable
                 ,
                 still
                 thirsting
                 after
                 more
                 .
                 And
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 eager
                 in
                 Plundering
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 fought
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 with
                 drawn
                 Swords
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 who
                 were
                 conceiv'd
                 to
                 have
                 got
                 a
                 greater
                 Share
                 than
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 were
                 kill'd
                 in
                 the
                 Quarrel
                 .
                 Some
                 Things
                 that
                 were
                 of
                 extraordinary
                 Value
                 they
                 divided
                 with
                 their
                 Swords
                 ,
                 and
                 each
                 took
                 a
                 Share
                 ;
                 Others
                 in
                 Rage
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 laid
                 hold
                 upon
                 a
                 Thing
                 that
                 was
                 in
                 Dispute
                 .
                 They
                 first
                 ravish'd
                 the
                 Women
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 their
                 Jewels
                 and
                 rich
                 Attire
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 sold
                 them
                 for
                 Slaves
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 by
                 how
                 much
                 Persepolis
                 excell'd
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Cities
                 in
                 Glory
                 and
                 Worldly
                 Felicity
                 ,
                 by
                 so
                 much
                 more
                 was
                 the
                 Measure
                 of
                 their
                 Misery
                 and
                 Calamity
                 .
                 Then
                 Alexander
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 all
                 the
                 Treasures
                 in
                 the
                 Cittadel
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 a
                 vast
                 Quantity
                 of
                 
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 Revenues
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 heaping
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 there
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Cyrus
                 the
                 first
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 to
                 that
                 Day
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 was
                 there
                 found
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 ,
                 reckoning
                 the
                 Gold
                 after
                 the
                 Rate
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Silver
                 .
              
               
                 Part
                 of
                 this
                 Treasure
                 he
                 took
                 for
                 the
                 Use
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 another
                 Part
                 of
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 treasur'd
                 up
                 at
                 Susa
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 purpose
                 ,
                 he
                 order'd
                 that
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 Mules
                 both
                 for
                 Draught
                 and
                 Carriage
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Camels
                 with
                 Pack-saddles
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 brought
                 out
                 of
                 
                   Babylon
                   ,
                   Mesopotamia
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Susa
                 ;
                 and
                 with
                 these
                 he
                 convey'd
                 all
                 the
                 Treasure
                 to
                 the
                 several
                 Places
                 he
                 had
                 appointed
                 .
                 For
                 because
                 he
                 extreamly
                 hated
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 resolv'd
                 not
                 to
                 trust
                 them
                 with
                 any
                 Thing
                 ,
                 but
                 utterly
                 to
                 ruin
                 and
                 destroy
                 Persepolis
                 :
                 Of
                 whose
                 Palace
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 of
                 its
                 stately
                 Structure
                 ,
                 we
                 conceive
                 it
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 impertinent
                 if
                 we
                 say
                 something
                 .
                 This
                 stately
                 Fabrick
                 ,
                 or
                 Cittadel
                 ,
                 was
                 surrounded
                 with
                 
                 a
                 treble
                 Wall
                 :
                 The
                 first
                 was
                 Sixteen
                 Cubits
                 high
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 many
                 sumptuous
                 Buildings
                 and
                 aspiring
                 Turrets
                 .
                 The
                 second
                 was
                 like
                 to
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 high
                 again
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 The
                 third
                 was
                 drawn
                 like
                 a
                 Quadrant
                 foursquare
                 ,
                 Sixty
                 Cubits
                 high
                 ,
                 all
                 of
                 the
                 hardest
                 Marble
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 cemented
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 continue
                 for
                 ever
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 four
                 Sides
                 are
                 brazen
                 Gates
                 ,
                 near
                 to
                 which
                 are
                 Gallowes's
                 of
                 Brass
                 twenty
                 Cubits
                 high
                 ,
                 these
                 rais'd
                 to
                 terrify
                 the
                 Beholders
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 for
                 the
                 better
                 strengthening
                 and
                 fortifying
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 East-side
                 of
                 the
                 Cittadel
                 ,
                 about
                 Four
                 hundred
                 Foot
                 distant
                 ,
                 stood
                 a
                 Mount
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Royal
                   Mount
                
                 ,
                 for
                 here
                 are
                 all
                 the
                 Sepulchres
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 many
                 Apartments
                 and
                 little
                 Cells
                 ,
                 being
                 cut
                 into
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 ;
                 into
                 which
                 Cells
                 there
                 's
                 made
                 no
                 direct
                 Passage
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Coffins
                 with
                 the
                 dead
                 Bodies
                 are
                 by
                 Instruments
                 hoist
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 let
                 down
                 into
                 these
                 Vaults
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Citadel
                 were
                 many
                 stately
                 Lodgings
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 the
                 King
                 and
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 of
                 excellent
                 Workmanship
                 ,
                 and
                 Treasury
                 Chambers
                 most
                 commodiously
                 contriv'd
                 for
                 the
                 laying
                 up
                 of
                 Money
                 .
              
               
                 Here
                 Alexander
                 made
                 a
                 sumptuous
                 Feast
                 for
                 the
                 Entertainment
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 in
                 Commemoration
                 
                 of
                 his
                 Victory
                 ,
                 and
                 offer'd
                 magnificent
                 Sacrifices
                 to
                 the
                 Gods.
                 At
                 this
                 Feast
                 were
                 entertain'd
                 Whores
                 ,
                 who
                 prostituted
                 their
                 Bodies
                 for
                 Hire
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Cups
                 went
                 so
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Reins
                 so
                 let
                 loose
                 to
                 Drunkenness
                 and
                 Debauchery
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 were
                 both
                 drunk
                 and
                 mad
                 .
                 Among
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Curtesan
                 call'd
                 Thais
                 ,
                 an
                 
                 Athenian
                 ,
                 that
                 said
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 would
                 perform
                 the
                 most
                 glorious
                 Act
                 of
                 any
                 that
                 ever
                 he
                 did
                 ,
                 if
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 Feasting
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 burn
                 the
                 Palace
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 Glory
                 and
                 Renown
                 of
                 Persia
                 might
                 be
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 nothing
                 in
                 a
                 moment
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 Women
                 .
                 This
                 spreading
                 abroad
                 and
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 Ears
                 of
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 (
                 who
                 commonly
                 make
                 little
                 use
                 of
                 Reason
                 when
                 Drink
                 is
                 in
                 their
                 Heads
                 )
                 presently
                 one
                 crys
                 
                 out
                 ,
                 
                   Come
                   on
                   ,
                   bring
                   us
                   Fire-brands
                   ,
                
                 and
                 so
                 incites
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 Fire
                 the
                 Citadel
                 to
                 revenge
                 that
                 Impiety
                 the
                 Persians
                 had
                 committed
                 ,
                 in
                 destroying
                 the
                 Temples
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 ,
                 others
                 with
                 joy
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 shout
                 ,
                 but
                 said
                 ,
                 That
                 so
                 brave
                 an
                 Exploit
                 belong'd
                 only
                 to
                 Alexander
                 to
                 perform
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 King
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 at
                 these
                 Words
                 ,
                 embrac'd
                 the
                 Motion
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 were
                 present
                 left
                 their
                 Cups
                 and
                 leap'd
                 from
                 the
                 Table
                 ,
                 and
                 said
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 would
                 now
                 celebrate
                 a
                 victorious
                 Festival
                 to
                 Bacchus
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 multitudes
                 of
                 Firebrands
                 were
                 presently
                 got
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Women
                 that
                 play'd
                 on
                 Musical
                 Instruments
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 at
                 the
                 Feast
                 ,
                 were
                 call'd
                 for
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 with
                 Songs
                 ,
                 Pipes
                 ,
                 and
                 Flutes
                 bravely
                 led
                 the
                 way
                 to
                 this
                 noble
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 contriv'd
                 and
                 manag'd
                 by
                 this
                 Whore
                 ,
                 Thais
                 ,
                 who
                 next
                 after
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 threw
                 the
                 first
                 Firebrand
                 into
                 the
                 Palace
                 .
                 This
                 President
                 was
                 presently
                 follow'd
                 by
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 short
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Fabrick
                 by
                 the
                 Violence
                 of
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 was
                 consum'd
                 to
                 Ashes
                 .
                 
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 very
                 observable
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 without
                 just
                 admiration
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sacrilege
                 and
                 Impiety
                 of
                 Xerxes
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 (
                 exercised
                 in
                 his
                 destroying
                 the
                 Citadel
                 of
                 Athens
                 )
                 should
                 so
                 many
                 years
                 after
                 be
                 reveng'd
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 kind
                 ,
                 by
                 one
                 Curtesan
                 only
                 of
                 that
                 City
                 that
                 was
                 so
                 injur'd
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 these
                 things
                 thus
                 done
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 marches
                 against
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 taken
                 in
                 some
                 by
                 Force
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 surrender'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Fame
                 and
                 Report
                 of
                 his
                 L●nity
                 and
                 Moderation
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 after
                 Darius
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 begun
                 to
                 raise
                 Forces
                 out
                 
                 of
                 Bactria
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Provinces
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 prevented
                 by
                 the
                 March
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 away
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 out
                 of
                 Bactria
                 with
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 Persians
                 and
                 Mercenary
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 his
                 return
                 was
                 treacherously
                 Murther'd
                 by
                 Bessus
                 ,
                 the
                 Lord-Lieutenant
                 of
                 Bactria
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 scarce
                 dead
                 ,
                 when
                 Alexander
                 with
                 a
                 Party
                 of
                 Light
                 Horse
                 ,
                 came
                 up
                 to
                 
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 he
                 lay
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 finding
                 him
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 honourably
                 interr'd
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 some
                 do
                 report
                 ,
                 that
                 Alexander
                 finding
                 him
                 yet
                 alive
                 ,
                 Darius
                 complain'd
                 of
                 his
                 sad
                 Misfortune
                 ,
                 and
                 desir'd
                 him
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 see
                 his
                 Death
                 reveng'd
                 ,
                 which
                 Alexander
                 faithfully
                 promis'd
                 .
                 He
                 forthwith
                 indeed
                 ,
                 pursu'd
                 Bessus
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 being
                 a
                 long
                 way
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 escap'd
                 into
                 Bactria
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 considering
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 possible
                 to
                 overtake
                 him
                 he
                 march'd
                 back
                 .
                 This
                 was
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Affairs
                 in
                 Asia
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Europe
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 being
                 routed
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Battel
                 by
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 send
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 who
                 put
                 them
                 off
                 till
                 the
                 meeting
                 of
                 the
                 General
                 Assembly
                 of
                 Greece
                 ;
                 which
                 afterwards
                 met
                 at
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 where
                 ,
                 after
                 many
                 things
                 were
                 Banded
                 and
                 Disputed
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 the
                 Matter
                 was
                 at
                 length
                 left
                 to
                 the
                 Decision
                 of
                 Alexander
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 Antipater
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 chiefest
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 Sparta
                 as
                 Hostages
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 to
                 beg
                 Pardon
                 for
                 their
                 late
                 Revolt
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VIII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Bessus
                   stirs
                   up
                   the
                   
                     Bactrians
                     .
                     Alexander
                  
                   discharges
                   the
                   Greek
                   Auxiliaries
                   with
                   Rewards
                   .
                   The
                   River
                   Stiboetes
                   .
                   He
                   enters
                   Hircania
                   ;
                   Its
                   Richness
                   .
                   Enters
                   the
                   Mardis
                   Country
                   .
                   Loses
                   his
                   brave
                   Horse
                   ,
                   but
                   is
                   restor'd
                   .
                   Thalestris
                   the
                   Amazon
                   Queen
                   meets
                   him
                   .
                   He
                   falls
                   into
                   the
                   Effeminacy
                   of
                   the
                   Persians
                   .
                   Enters
                   Drangina
                   .
                   A
                   Plot
                   against
                   
                     Alexander
                     .
                     Philotas
                  
                   and
                   others
                   put
                   to
                   Death
                   .
                   Marches
                   against
                   the
                   Arimispi
                   .
                   Subdues
                   Arachosia
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHen
                 this
                 Year
                 ended
                 ,
                 Cephisophon
                 executed
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Chief
                 Magistrate
                 at
                 
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Valerius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Claudius
                
                 were
                 created
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 Bessus
                 ,
                 with
                 Na●arzanes
                 and
                 Barxaentes
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 others
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Darius
                 ,
                 having
                 escap'd
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 came
                 into
                 Bactria
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 regard
                 he
                 was
                 appointed
                 Lord-Lieutenant
                 of
                 this
                 Country
                 by
                 Darius
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 was
                 
                 well
                 known
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 he
                 persuaded
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 stand
                 up
                 for
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 told
                 them
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Situation
                 and
                 Condition
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 being
                 full
                 of
                 
                 difficult
                 Passes
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 Populous
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 advantage
                 to
                 succeed
                 in
                 the
                 Attempt
                 ,
                 and
                 promised
                 that
                 he
                 himself
                 would
                 take
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 whole
                 Management
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 he
                 so
                 far
                 prevail'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 got
                 a
                 considerable
                 Number
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 own
                 him
                 for
                 King.
                 Then
                 he
                 Listed
                 Men
                 ,
                 prepar'd
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 procur'd
                 whatever
                 was
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 State
                 of
                 his
                 Affairs
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 perceiving
                 that
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 had
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 end
                 the
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Darius
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 them
                 together
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 courted
                 them
                 by
                 an
                 Oration
                 fitted
                 for
                 the
                 purpose
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 them
                 readily
                 to
                 go
                 on
                 with
                 the
                 Expeditions
                 that
                 then
                 yet
                 remain'd
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 call'd
                 together
                 all
                 the
                 Greek
                 Auxiliaries
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 highly
                 commended
                 them
                 for
                 their
                 Valour
                 ,
                 bestow'd
                 upon
                 every
                 Horseman
                 as
                 a
                 Reward
                 a
                 Talent
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 Footman
                 Ten
                 *
                 Minas
                 ,
                 and
                 discharg'd
                 them
                 from
                 further
                 Service
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 .
                 And
                 over
                 and
                 besides
                 he
                 paid
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 what
                 was
                 due
                 to
                 them
                 for
                 their
                 common
                 Pay
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 them
                 likewise
                 sufficient
                 Provision
                 to
                 carry
                 them
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 that
                 was
                 willing
                 still
                 to
                 continue
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 Three
                 Talents
                 .
                 He
                 gave
                 indeed
                 large
                 Rewards
                 to
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 being
                 naturally
                 of
                 a
                 generous
                 Disposition
                 ,
                 and
                 besides
                 ,
                 in
                 pursuing
                 Darius
                 had
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 a
                 vast
                 Treasure
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Treasures
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 what
                 he
                 gave
                 to
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 Thirteen
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 by
                 sale
                 of
                 the
                 Cups
                 ,
                 Flaggons
                 ,
                 and
                 Furniture
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 was
                 believ'd
                 ,
                 that
                 what
                 was
                 stollen
                 and
                 taken
                 away
                 by
                 force
                 was
                 much
                 more
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 done
                 this
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 towards
                 Hircania
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 third
                 day
                 came
                 near
                 the
                 City
                 *
                 Hecatompylon
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 encamp'd
                 .
                 Here
                 he
                 continu'd
                 some
                 Days
                 to
                 refresh
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Country
                 was
                 exceeding
                 Rich
                 ,
                 and
                 abounded
                 with
                 every
                 thing
                 for
                 Man's
                 Use
                 .
                 Thence
                 he
                 mov'd
                 forward
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 and
                 encamp'd
                 near
                 a
                 very
                 high
                 Rock
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 foot
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 Cave
                 not
                 unbecoming
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Spring-head
                 )
                 issues
                 the
                 great
                 River
                 Stiboetes
                 .
                 Thence
                 it
                 runs
                 with
                 a
                 fierce
                 and
                 violent
                 Stream
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Three
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 'till
                 it
                 dash
                 it self
                 upon
                 a
                 great
                 Rock
                 in
                 shape
                 like
                 a
                 Woman's
                 Pap
                 ,
                 under
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 vast
                 Gulph
                 ,
                 or
                 opening
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 ,
                 being
                 now
                 divided
                 into
                 two
                 Channels
                 ,
                 it
                 falls
                 down
                 with
                 a
                 mighty
                 Noise
                 ,
                 turn'd
                 all
                 into
                 Froth
                 and
                 Spume
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 runs
                 under-ground
                 *
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Furlongs
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 appears
                 again
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 that
                 we
                 e
                 its
                 Spring-head
                 .
                 Having
                 entred
                 Hircania
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 gain'd
                 all
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 Cities
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 the
                 Caspian
                 Sea
                 ,
                 which
                 some
                 call
                 likewise
                 the
                 Hircanian
                 Sea.
                 It
                 's
                 reported
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 that
                 Sea
                 are
                 many
                 Serpents
                 of
                 
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 Bigness
                 ,
                 and
                 Fish
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 ,
                 much
                 differing
                 in
                 Colour
                 from
                 those
                 in
                 our
                 Parts
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 entred
                 further
                 into
                 Hircania
                 ,
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Towns
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Fortunate
                   Towns
                
                 ,
                 
                 which
                 are
                 so
                 in
                 Deed
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 in
                 Name
                 For
                 this
                 Country
                 excels
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 in
                 fertility
                 of
                 Soil
                 ;
                 for
                 every
                 Vine
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 affords
                 a
                 *
                 Metrete
                 of
                 Wine
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 some
                 Fig-trees
                 are
                 so
                 very
                 fruitful
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 'll
                 bear
                 Ten
                 †
                 Medimnas
                 of
                 dried
                 Figs
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 what
                 are
                 left
                 upon
                 the
                 Tree
                 after
                 Harvest
                 ,
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 spring
                 up
                 again
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 forth
                 abundance
                 of
                 Fruit
                 to
                 perfection
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 a
                 Tree
                 in
                 that
                 Country
                 much
                 like
                 to
                 an
                 Oak
                 ,
                 which
                 distills
                 Honey
                 from
                 its
                 Leaves
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 gather
                 in
                 great
                 plenty
                 for
                 their
                 own
                 use
                 .
                 There
                 's
                 likewise
                 a
                 little
                 Insect
                 in
                 this
                 Tract
                 call'd
                 an
                 Anthredon
                 ,
                 less
                 than
                 a
                 Bee
                 ,
                 but
                 very
                 remarkable
                 ;
                 it
                 gets
                 its
                 living
                 in
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 sucking
                 the
                 Flowers
                 that
                 grow
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 in
                 those
                 places
                 .
                 It
                 works
                 its
                 Combs
                 within
                 hollow
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 or
                 Trees
                 shatter'd
                 or
                 made
                 hollow
                 by
                 the
                 Thunder-bolts
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 makes
                 a
                 Liquor
                 not
                 inferiour
                 to
                 any
                 for
                 sweetness
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 on
                 his
                 March
                 through
                 Hircania
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 bordering
                 Countries
                 ,
                 gain'd
                 great
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 for
                 his
                 Clemency
                 ,
                 in
                 carrying
                 himself
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 Humanity
                 towards
                 all
                 those
                 Commanders
                 who
                 fled
                 away
                 with
                 Darius
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 submitted
                 themselves
                 to
                 him
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 brave
                 and
                 valiant
                 Grecians
                 (
                 who
                 sided
                 with
                 Darius
                 )
                 forthwith
                 came
                 unto
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 themselves
                 at
                 his
                 Feet
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 readily
                 pardon'd
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 them
                 in
                 several
                 of
                 his
                 
                 Regiments
                 ,
                 and
                 allow'd
                 them
                 the
                 same
                 Pay
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 run
                 through
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 of
                 Hircania
                 ,
                 he
                 entred
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Mardi
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 a
                 Warlike
                 Nation
                 ,
                 slighted
                 the
                 growing
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 shew'd
                 him
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 Respect
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 sending
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 or
                 otherwise
                 ;
                 but
                 having
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 strait
                 Passes
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 with
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 stood
                 there
                 ,
                 waiting
                 for
                 the
                 coming
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 King
                 sets
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 kills
                 many
                 ,
                 and
                 drives
                 the
                 rest
                 within
                 the
                 Straits
                 .
                 But
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 burning
                 up
                 the
                 Country
                 all
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 it
                 fell
                 out
                 that
                 (
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Boys
                 who
                 led
                 his
                 Horses
                 ,
                 being
                 at
                 some
                 distance
                 from
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 )
                 his
                 best
                 Horse
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 sudden
                 Incursion
                 of
                 the
                 
                 
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 was
                 carry'd
                 away
                 .
                 This
                 Horse
                 was
                 given
                 him
                 by
                 Damarotus
                 the
                 Corinthian
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 him
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 Battels
                 in
                 Asia
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 was
                 bare-back'd
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 admit
                 only
                 his
                 Tender
                 to
                 mount
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 the
                 King's
                 War-Saddle
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 brave
                 Trappings
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 his
                 former
                 Rider
                 to
                 get
                 upon
                 his
                 Back
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 other
                 Person
                 but
                 Alexander
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 him
                 he
                 would
                 down
                 upon
                 his
                 Knees
                 for
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 get
                 into
                 the
                 Saddle
                 .
                 Because
                 of
                 these
                 excellent
                 Properties
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 the
                 more
                 griev'd
                 and
                 troubled
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 order'd
                 all
                 the
                 Trees
                 in
                 all
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 as
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 be
                 hewn
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 caus'd
                 a
                 Proclamation
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 natural
                 Tongue
                 ,
                 That
                 unless
                 his
                 Horse
                 were
                 restor'd
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 waste
                 and
                 destroy
                 all
                 before
                 him
                 with
                 Fire
                 and
                 Sword
                 ;
                 which
                 he
                 began
                 presently
                 to
                 put
                 in
                 execution
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 were
                 so
                 terrify'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 
                 not
                 only
                 restor'd
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 but
                 brought
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 many
                 rich
                 Presents
                 for
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Fifty
                 Ambassadors
                 begg'd
                 his
                 Pardon
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 accepted
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Honourable
                 among
                 them
                 for
                 Hostages
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 back
                 into
                 
                   Hircania
                   ,
                   Thalestris
                
                 Queen
                 of
                 the
                 Amazons
                 met
                 him
                 ,
                 whose
                 Dominions
                 lay
                 between
                 Phasis
                 and
                 Taermodon
                 ;
                 of
                 an
                 admirable
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 and
                 strong
                 Body
                 ,
                 
                 greatly
                 honour'd
                 in
                 her
                 own
                 Country
                 for
                 here
                 Brave
                 and
                 Manly
                 Spirit
                 .
                 She
                 presented
                 herself
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 with
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Amazons
                 in
                 their
                 Warlike
                 Habit
                 ,
                 having
                 left
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 her
                 Forces
                 on
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 Hircania
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 being
                 struck
                 with
                 admiration
                 at
                 the
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 approach
                 of
                 the
                 Queen
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 graceful
                 appearance
                 of
                 the
                 Women
                 ,
                 ask'd
                 
                   Thalestris
                   ,
                   what
                   was
                   the
                   Reason
                   of
                   her
                   Journey
                   thither
                   ?
                
                 Who
                 answer'd
                 him
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   she
                   came
                   there
                   to
                   have
                   Issue
                   by
                   him
                   ;
                   for
                   she
                   look'd
                   upon
                   him
                   to
                   transcend
                   all
                   other
                   Men
                   for
                   Great
                   and
                   Noble
                   Actions
                   ;
                   and
                   she
                   her self
                   to
                   exceed
                   all
                   other
                   Women
                   both
                   in
                   Body
                   and
                   Mind
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Strength
                   of
                   the
                   one
                   ,
                   and
                   Courage
                   of
                   the
                   other
                   :
                   And
                   therefore
                   there
                   was
                   good
                   ground
                   to
                   hope
                   that
                   the
                   Issue
                   of
                   such
                   Parents
                   ,
                   would
                   excell
                   all
                   other
                   Men
                   in
                   Valour
                   .
                
                 The
                 King
                 was
                 greatly
                 pleas'd
                 with
                 what
                 she
                 said
                 ,
                 and
                 gratisy'd
                 her
                 Request
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 convers'd
                 with
                 her
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Thirteen
                 Days
                 ,
                 he
                 presented
                 her
                 with
                 honourable
                 Gifts
                 ,
                 and
                 suffer'd
                 her
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 her
                 own
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
               
                 Alexander
                 conceiving
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 now
                 effected
                 all
                 that
                 he
                 design'd
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 Competitor
                 with
                 him
                 for
                 the
                 Empire
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 indulge
                 the
                 soft
                 and
                 effeminate
                 Manners
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 imitate
                 the
                 Luxury
                 of
                 the
                 Asian
                 Kings
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 he
                 order'd
                 all
                 the
                 *
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Court
                 to
                 be
                 Asiaticks
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 Asia
                 to
                 be
                 *
                 '
                 Squires
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 Oxathres
                 ,
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Darius
                 ,
                 was
                 one
                 .
                 He
                 put
                 likewise
                 the
                 Persian
                 Diadem
                 upon
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 wore
                 the
                 White
                 Cassock
                 and
                 Belt
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Kings
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 Persian
                 Hose
                 
                 and
                 Vestment
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 Candys
                 .
                 He
                 bestow'd
                 likewise
                 Purple
                 Gowns
                 upon
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 cloath'd
                 all
                 his
                 Horsemen
                 in
                 the
                 Persian
                 Habit.
                 He
                 began
                 likewise
                 to
                 carry
                 his
                 Concubines
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 from
                 place
                 to
                 place
                 as
                 Darius
                 us'd
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 almost
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 the
                 Days
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 the
                 greatest
                 Beauties
                 that
                 could
                 be
                 found
                 throughout
                 all
                 Asia
                 .
                 These
                 stood
                 round
                 the
                 King's
                 Bed
                 every
                 Night
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 take
                 his
                 choice
                 of
                 whom
                 he
                 pleas'd
                 to
                 lie
                 with
                 him
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 he
                 follow'd
                 the
                 ancient
                 Customs
                 of
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 and
                 us'd
                 the
                 other
                 but
                 seldom
                 ,
                 lest
                 he
                 should
                 offend
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 some
                 notwithstanding
                 complain'd
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 he
                 stopp'd
                 their
                 Mouths
                 with
                 Gifts
                 and
                 Bribes
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 Intelligence
                 was
                 brought
                 him
                 that
                 Satibarzanes
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 Darius
                 his
                 Lord
                 Lieutenants
                 ,
                 had
                 kill'd
                 all
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 he
                 had
                 committed
                 to
                 his
                 Charge
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 join'd
                 in
                 Conspiracy
                 with
                 Bessus
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 he
                 march'd
                 out
                 against
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 Satibarzanes
                 had
                 got
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 together
                 into
                 Chrotacana
                 ,
                 a
                 most
                 Noble
                 City
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 naturally
                 fortify'd
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 King
                 came
                 in
                 sight
                 ,
                 being
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 the
                 Greatness
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 now
                 cry'd
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 over
                 )
                 he
                 hasted
                 away
                 with
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 to
                 Bessus
                 ,
                 to
                 procure
                 help
                 from
                 him
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Forces
                 he
                 ordered
                 to
                 make
                 to
                 a
                 
                 Mountain
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 straight
                 Passes
                 ;
                 and
                 where
                 they
                 might
                 lye
                 close
                 and
                 secure
                 when
                 they
                 durst
                 not
                 Engage
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Field
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 so
                 intent
                 and
                 diligent
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 always
                 was
                 )
                 that
                 though
                 they
                 had
                 shelter'd
                 themselves
                 in
                 a
                 large
                 Rock
                 ,
                 and
                 naturally
                 strong
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 reduc'd
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 to
                 those
                 streights
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 forc'd
                 them
                 to
                 Surrender
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 having
                 reduc'd
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 in
                 this
                 Province
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Thirty
                 days
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 Hircania
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Royal
                 City
                 of
                 *
                 Drangina
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 Encamp'd
                 and
                 refresh'd
                 
                 his
                 Army
                 .
              
               
               
                 About
                 t●is
                 time
                 a
                 most
                 wicked
                 Plot
                 was
                 laid
                 against
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 very
                 unworthy
                 the
                 
                 Goodness
                 of
                 his
                 Disposition
                 .
                 For
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Friends
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Dimnus
                 ,
                 blaming
                 the
                 King
                 for
                 something
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 become
                 Enrag'd
                 at
                 him
                 ,
                 contriv'd
                 to
                 Assassinate
                 him
                 .
                 This
                 Man
                 had
                 a
                 Catamite
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Nicomachus
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 dearly
                 lov'd
                 ;
                 him
                 he
                 went
                 about
                 to
                 persuade
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 this
                 Wicked
                 Design
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 a
                 very
                 young
                 Youth
                 ,
                 he
                 discover'd
                 the
                 whole
                 Business
                 to
                 his
                 Brother
                 Cebalinus
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 fearing
                 lest
                 some
                 other
                 should
                 be
                 before
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Discovery
                 )
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 first
                 Discovery
                 to
                 the
                 King.
                 
              
               
                 Thereupon
                 he
                 goes
                 to
                 the
                 Court
                 ,
                 and
                 first
                 meets
                 Philotas
                 ,
                 and
                 acquaints
                 him
                 with
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 heard
                 ,
                 and
                 intreats
                 him
                 to
                 inform
                 the
                 King
                 what
                 was
                 hatching
                 out
                 of
                 hand
                 .
              
               
                 Philocas
                 ,
                 whether
                 through
                 Covetousness
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Conspirators
                 ,
                 (
                 it
                 's
                 not
                 certain
                 )
                 minded
                 not
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Discovery
                 of
                 what
                 had
                 been
                 imparted
                 to
                 him
                 :
                 For
                 though
                 he
                 went
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 a
                 long
                 Discourse
                 with
                 him
                 of
                 divers
                 matters
                 ,
                 
                 yet
                 he
                 told
                 him
                 nothing
                 of
                 what
                 Cebalinus
                 had
                 related
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 out
                 ,
                 told
                 Cebalinus
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 had
                 as
                 yet
                 a
                 fit
                 Opportunity
                 for
                 opening
                 of
                 the
                 Matter
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 next
                 Day
                 he
                 would
                 take
                 him
                 aside
                 by
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 discover
                 all
                 that
                 Cebalinus
                 had
                 made
                 known
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 Philotas
                 neglecting
                 the
                 Business
                 the
                 next
                 Day
                 also
                 ;
                 Cebalinus
                 was
                 afraid
                 ,
                 lest
                 if
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 discover'd
                 by
                 some
                 other
                 Person
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 he
                 himself
                 should
                 be
                 in
                 great
                 danger
                 ;
                 Therefore
                 he
                 wav'd
                 Philotas
                 ,
                 and
                 goes
                 to
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Pages
                 ,
                 and
                 tells
                 him
                 the
                 whole
                 Plot
                 ,
                 wishing
                 him
                 forthwith
                 to
                 acquaint
                 the
                 King
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 withdraws
                 himself
                 into
                 the
                 Armory
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 lay
                 private
                 .
                 The
                 Page
                 took
                 the
                 Opportunity
                 when
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 Bath
                 ,
                 and
                 related
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 whole
                 Matter
                 told
                 him
                 by
                 Cebalinus
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 then
                 lay
                 hid
                 and
                 secret
                 in
                 the
                 Armory
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 greatly
                 sta●tled
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 order'd
                 Dimnus
                 to
                 be
                 seiz'd
                 ;
                 and
                 now
                 fully
                 inform'd
                 of
                 the
                 Conspiracy
                 ,
                 sent
                 for
                 Cebalinus
                 and
                 Philotas
                 .
                 When
                 every
                 thing
                 after
                 strict
                 Examination
                 was
                 fully
                 discover'd
                 ,
                 Dimnus
                 stabb'd
                 himself
                 .
                 Philotas
                 confess'd
                 his
                 Neglect
                 in
                 not
                 making
                 the
                 Discovery
                 ,
                 but
                 utterly
                 deny'd
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 any
                 hand
                 in
                 the
                 Conspiracy
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 hereupon
                 committed
                 the
                 Examination
                 of
                 the
                 Business
                 to
                 the
                 Judgment
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 who
                 after
                 many
                 Arguments
                 and
                 Debates
                 ,
                 Pro
                 and
                 Con
                 ,
                 condemn'd
                 Philotas
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Conspirators
                 to
                 die
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 was
                 Parmenio
                 ;
                 who
                 was
                 ever
                 thought
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 's
                 most
                 faithful
                 Friends
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 
                 then
                 present
                 himself
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 was
                 suspected
                 that
                 he
                 manag'd
                 the
                 Business
                 by
                 his
                 Son
                 Philotas
                 .
              
               
                 Philotas
                 therefore
                 being
                 put
                 upon
                 the
                 Rack
                 ,
                 confess'd
                 the
                 whole
                 Plot
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 he
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Conspirators
                 were
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 their
                 
                 own
                 Country
                 .
                 
                   Alexander
                   Lyncestes
                
                 also
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 before
                 accus'd
                 of
                 a
                 Conspiracy
                 against
                 the
                 King
                 )
                 suffer'd
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 been
                 now
                 three
                 years
                 in
                 custody
                 ,
                 but
                 his
                 Trial
                 was
                 deferr'd
                 to
                 that
                 time
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 kindness
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 between
                 whom
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 particular
                 Friendship
                 and
                 Familiarity
                 .
                 But
                 being
                 then
                 brought
                 before
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 Senate
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 nothing
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 Plea
                 to
                 say
                 for
                 himself
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 Executed
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 Alexander
                 dispatch'd
                 some
                 away
                 upon
                 Dromadary
                 Camels
                 ,
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 Report
                 of
                 Philotas
                 his
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 caus'd
                 Parmenio
                 ,
                 the
                 Father
                 of
                 Philotas
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 seiz'd
                 unawares
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 ;
                 he
                 was
                 then
                 Governor
                 of
                 Media
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 intrusted
                 with
                 the
                 King's
                 Treasures
                 in
                 Ecbatana
                 ,
                 which
                 amounted
                 to
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fourscore
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 .
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 he
                 sever'd
                 from
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 all
                 such
                 as
                 had
                 given
                 out
                 harsh
                 Expressions
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 grumbl'd
                 at
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Parmenio
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 those
                 who
                 had
                 written
                 false
                 and
                 scandalous
                 Letters
                 to
                 their
                 Friends
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 King's
                 Affairs
                 :
                 All
                 these
                 he
                 cast
                 into
                 one
                 Company
                 or
                 Regiment
                 which
                 he
                 call'd
                 the
                 *
                 
                   Unruly
                   Company
                
                 ,
                 lest
                 by
                 their
                 unseasonable
                 Jangling
                 and
                 Prating
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 corrupt
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 these
                 things
                 thus
                 done
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 settl'd
                 his
                 Affairs
                 in
                 Drangina
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 against
                 the
                 Arimaspi
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 anciently
                 call'd
                 )
                 but
                 now
                 *
                 Evergetae
                 ,
                 which
                 Name
                 was
                 given
                 them
                 upon
                 the
                 following
                 account
                 ;
                 Cyrus
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 translated
                 the
                 Empire
                 from
                 the
                 Medes
                 to
                 the
                 Persians
                 )
                 in
                 a
                 certain
                 Expedition
                 he
                 had
                 undertaken
                 ,
                 being
                 brought
                 into
                 great
                 Extremity
                 in
                 a
                 barren
                 Country
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 the
                 
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 satisfy
                 their
                 Hunger
                 ,
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 eat
                 the
                 Flesh
                 one
                 of
                 another
                 ;
                 the
                 Arimispi
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 brought
                 to
                 his
                 Army
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 Carts
                 and
                 Wagons
                 ,
                 loaden
                 with
                 Provision
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 the
                 King
                 being
                 thus
                 unexpectedly
                 Reliev'd
                 and
                 Preserv'd
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 quitted
                 the
                 People
                 from
                 paying
                 of
                 Tribute
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 ;
                 but
                 bestow'd
                 upon
                 them
                 many
                 other
                 Privileges
                 and
                 bountiful
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 and
                 chang'd
                 their
                 old
                 Name
                 into
                 Everget●
                 .
              
               
               
                 And
                 now
                 when
                 Alexander
                 came
                 into
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 they
                 receiv'd
                 him
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Demonstrations
                 of
                 Love
                 and
                 Kindness
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 rewarded
                 them
                 with
                 marks
                 of
                 his
                 Grace
                 and
                 Favour
                 ,
                 suitable
                 to
                 his
                 State
                 and
                 Dignity
                 .
                 And
                 return'd
                 the
                 like
                 Favour
                 to
                 the
                 Gedrosians
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 entertain'd
                 him
                 likewise
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Respect
                 :
                 And
                 over
                 these
                 two
                 Nations
                 he
                 made
                 Teridates
                 Governor
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 while
                 he
                 staid
                 in
                 these
                 Parts
                 ,
                 some
                 brought
                 him
                 Intelligence
                 that
                 Satibarzmes
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Body
                 of
                 Horse
                 out
                 of
                 Bactria
                 ,
                 had
                 enter'd
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Arians
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 withdrawn
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 from
                 their
                 Allegiance
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 sent
                 him
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Erigyus
                 and
                 Stasanor
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 days
                 subdu'd
                 Arachosia
                 ,
                 and
                 caus'd
                 them
                 to
                 submit
                 to
                 his
                 Government
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 IX
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Alexander
                   marches
                   against
                   the
                   Paromisades
                   .
                   His
                   troublesome
                   March.
                   Comes
                   to
                   Mount
                   Caucasus
                   .
                   A
                   Battel
                   in
                   Area
                   by
                   Alexander's
                   Officers
                   against
                   Satibarzanes
                   ,
                   who
                   is
                   kill'd
                   in
                   a
                   single
                   Combat
                   by
                   
                     Erigius
                     .
                     Bessus
                  
                   brought
                   to
                   Alexander
                   ;
                   His
                   Punishment
                   .
                   Alexander
                   kills
                   some
                   Barbarians
                   unexpectedly
                   ,
                   after
                   they
                   had
                   surrender'd
                   their
                   City
                   .
                   He
                   marches
                   to
                   the
                   River
                   
                     Indus
                     .
                     Mophis
                  
                   his
                   remarkable
                   delivery
                   up
                   of
                   himself
                   and
                   his
                   Army
                   .
                
              
               
                 AT
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 Euthycritus
                 was
                 created
                 Chief
                 Governor
                 of
                 
                   Athens
                   ,
                   Lucius
                
                 
                 Plotius
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Papyrius
                
                 executing
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 ;
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 was
                 celebrated
                 the
                 Hundred
                 and
                 thirteenth
                 Olympiad
                 .
                 Then
                 Alexander
                 led
                 his
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 Paropamisades
                 .
                 This
                 Country
                 lies
                 very
                 far
                 North
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 covered
                 over
                 with
                 Snow
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Sharpness
                 of
                 the
                 Cold
                 ,
                 People
                 cannot
                 endure
                 to
                 come
                 into
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 The
                 greatest
                 Part
                 of
                 it
                 is
                 open
                 and
                 plain
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 in
                 it
                 many
                 Towns
                 scatter'd
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 .
                 The
                 Roofs
                 of
                 their
                 Houses
                 are
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Tyles
                 ,
                 running
                 up
                 in
                 shape
                 like
                 a
                 Spire
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Middle
                 is
                 a
                 Hole
                 to
                 let
                 in
                 Light
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 evaporate
                 the
                 Smoke
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 their
                 Houses
                 are
                 so
                 close
                 jointed
                 and
                 cemented
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 are
                 sufficiently
                 guarded
                 against
                 the
                 Cold.
                 By
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 
                 Driffs
                 of
                 Snow
                 ,
                 they
                 keep
                 within
                 their
                 Houses
                 most
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 have
                 every
                 thing
                 necessary
                 for
                 their
                 Provision
                 laid
                 up
                 in
                 store
                 .
                 They
                 cover
                 their
                 Vines
                 and
                 Fruit-Trees
                 all
                 the
                 Winter
                 with
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 uncover
                 them
                 again
                 when
                 the
                 Spring
                 approaches
                 .
                 The
                 Nature
                 of
                 all
                 this
                 Tract
                 is
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 nothing
                 that
                 is
                 Green
                 or
                 Pleasant
                 is
                 seen
                 in
                 any
                 Part
                 of
                 it
                 .
                 But
                 Snow
                 glittering
                 with
                 Ice
                 covers
                 all
                 Places
                 .
                 No
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fowl
                 or
                 Birds
                 breed
                 here
                 ;
                 no
                 Wild
                 Beasts
                 feed
                 in
                 the
                 Woods
                 or
                 Forests
                 ;
                 Insomuch
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 there
                 's
                 neither
                 Entertainment
                 for
                 any
                 Stranger
                 ,
                 nor
                 Hospitality
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 throughout
                 the
                 whole
                 Country
                 .
                 Notwithstanding
                 all
                 these
                 Difficulties
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 encourag'd
                 by
                 
                 the
                 Hardness
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 on
                 forward
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 daring
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 overcame
                 all
                 the
                 Disadvantages
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 .
                 But
                 yet
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 that
                 straggl'd
                 and
                 kept
                 not
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 were
                 so
                 tyr'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 left
                 behind
                 .
                 Others
                 by
                 the
                 Brightness
                 and
                 Sharpness
                 of
                 the
                 Snow
                 ,
                 and
                 reflection
                 thereof
                 upon
                 their
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 were
                 destroy'd
                 .
                 Nothing
                 could
                 be
                 seen
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 ,
                 save
                 only
                 the
                 smoke
                 that
                 discover'd
                 the
                 Villages
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 a
                 sign
                 to
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 Inhabitants
                 not
                 far
                 off
                 .
                 The
                 Towns
                 being
                 thus
                 discover'd
                 and
                 gain'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 after
                 their
                 great
                 hardships
                 ,
                 refresh'd
                 themselves
                 with
                 the
                 Plentiful
                 store
                 of
                 Provision
                 they
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 Houses
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 submitted
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 forward
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 near
                 to
                 Caucasus
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 Encamp'd
                 .
                 That
                 
                 Mountain
                 by
                 some
                 is
                 call'd
                 Paropamisus
                 :
                 Having
                 pass'd
                 over
                 the
                 Breadth
                 of
                 the
                 Mountain
                 in
                 sixteen
                 days
                 march
                 ,
                 he
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Alexandria
                 ,
                 near
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 the
                 Mount
                 ,
                 at
                 a
                 Pass
                 which
                 opens
                 a
                 Way
                 into
                 Media
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 Caucasus
                 is
                 a
                 Rock
                 ten
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 Compass
                 ,
                 and
                 four
                 in
                 Height
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 pretend
                 to
                 shew
                 .
                 *
                 Promotheus
                 
                 his
                 Cave
                 ,
                 the
                 Fabulous
                 Vulture's
                 Nest
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Chains
                 and
                 Fetters
                 .
                 He
                 built
                 likewise
                 other
                 Cities
                 ,
                 each
                 distant
                 a
                 days
                 Journey
                 from
                 Alexandria
                 .
                 In
                 these
                 he
                 planted
                 Seven
                 thousand
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 Three
                 thousand
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 follow'd
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Mercenary
                 Soldiers
                 as
                 would
                 .
              
               
               
                 Hence
                 he
                 march'd
                 into
                 Bactria
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 heard
                 that
                 Bessus
                 had
                 Usurp'd
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 had
                 rais'd
                 a
                 Numerous
                 Army
                 These
                 were
                 the
                 things
                 then
                 done
                 by
                 Alexander
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Commanders
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 into
                 Area
                 ,
                 there
                 found
                 the
                 Ring-leaders
                 of
                 the
                 Rebellion
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Army
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Satibarzanes
                 ,
                 an
                 Experienc'd
                 and
                 Valiant
                 General
                 .
                 The
                 Armies
                 Encamp'd
                 near
                 to
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 would
                 engage
                 in
                 considerable
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 others
                 in
                 light
                 Skirmishes
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 few
                 on
                 either
                 side
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 a
                 General
                 Battel
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 (
                 wherein
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Issue
                 was
                 very
                 doubtful
                 )
                 Satibarzanes
                 himself
                 (
                 to
                 discover
                 who
                 he
                 was
                 )
                 pluck'd
                 off
                 his
                 Helmet
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Hand
                 ,
                 and
                 challenges
                 any
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 to
                 fight
                 with
                 him
                 Hand
                 to
                 Hand
                 .
                 Upon
                 
                 which
                 ,
                 Erigyus
                 makes
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 stout
                 Combat
                 there
                 was
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Erigyus
                 was
                 the
                 Victor
                 .
                 The
                 Barbarians
                 upon
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 their
                 General
                 were
                 so
                 disheartned
                 ,
                 that
                 upon
                 Quarter
                 ,
                 they
                 gave
                 up
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 King.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 while
                 ,
                 Bessus
                 had
                 taken
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 Sacrific'd
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 invited
                 his
                 Friends
                 to
                 Feast
                 with
                 him
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 his
                 Cups
                 ,
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 Quarrel
                 with
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Companions
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Bagodoras
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Contest
                 growing
                 higher
                 ,
                 he
                 fell
                 at
                 length
                 into
                 such
                 a
                 Rage
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 kill
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 chang'd
                 his
                 Mind
                 through
                 the
                 Persuasion
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 .
                 Bagodoras
                 thus
                 narrowly
                 escaping
                 with
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 fled
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 to
                 Alexander
                 .
                 The
                 Chief
                 of
                 the
                 Commanders
                 (
                 mov'd
                 by
                 the
                 Consideration
                 of
                 his
                 Escape
                 ,
                 and
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 by
                 hopes
                 of
                 Rewards
                 )
                 conspir'd
                 together
                 and
                 
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 Bessus
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 him
                 to
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 bountifully
                 rewarded
                 them
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 Bessus
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 him
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 Darius
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Kindred
                 ,
                 to
                 punish
                 him
                 in
                 such
                 manner
                 as
                 they
                 thought
                 fit
                 ,
                 who
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 put
                 him
                 to
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Torments
                 ,
                 and
                 us'd
                 him
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Despite
                 and
                 Disgrace
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 they
                 cut
                 his
                 Body
                 into
                 small
                 pieces
                 ,
                 and
                 hurl'd
                 every
                 part
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 away
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Slings
                 .
                 —
                 
                   
                     [
                     Here
                     the
                     History
                     is
                     broken
                     off
                     and
                     lost
                     ,
                     
                       viz.
                       1.
                       
                       Alexander's
                    
                     March
                     through
                     a
                     dry
                     Country
                     .
                     2.
                     
                     The
                     Defection
                     of
                     the
                     
                       Sogdians
                       ,
                       Bactrians
                    
                     .
                     3.
                     
                     The
                     Hunting
                     in
                     Bahastis
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 Peace
                 being
                 made
                 upon
                 these
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 and
                 ratify'd
                 by
                 mutual
                 Oaths
                 ,
                 the
                 *
                 Queen
                 mightily
                 admir'd
                 the
                 Brave
                 and
                 Noble
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 to
                 him
                 most
                 rich
                 Presents
                 ,
                 promising
                 to
                 do
                 whatever
                 he
                 was
                 pleas'd
                 to
                 Command
                 .
                 —
                 
                   
                     [
                     Here
                     the
                     History
                     is
                     likewise
                     lost
                     .
                     4.
                     
                     The
                     Impiety
                     against
                     Bacchus
                     .
                     5.
                     
                     The
                     Death
                     of
                     Clitus
                     and
                     Calisthenes
                     .
                     6.
                     
                     Wars
                     with
                     the
                     Nauticae
                     .
                     7.
                     
                     His
                     Marriage
                     with
                     Roxana
                     .
                     8.
                     of
                     Nysia
                     .
                     These
                     are
                     wanting
                     may
                     be
                     supply'd
                     out
                     of
                     Archian
                     .
                     Lib.
                     4.
                     and
                     
                       Q.
                       Curtius
                    
                     ,
                     Lib.
                     7
                     ,
                     8.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 Then
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 had
                 agreed
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 left
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 march'd
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 Furlongs
                 Encamp'd
                 without
                 any
                 Disturbance
                 ,
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 suspecting
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 that
                 which
                 afterwards
                 happen'd
                 :
                 For
                 Alexander
                 hating
                 them
                 implacably
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 on
                 the
                 sudden
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 first
                 cry'd
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 violated
                 his
                 Oath
                 ,
                 in
                 falling
                 upon
                 them
                 in
                 that
                 Hostile
                 manner
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Gods
                 to
                 revenge
                 that
                 Impious
                 Cruelty
                 executed
                 upon
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 loud
                 Voice
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 indeed
                 did
                 agree
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 quit
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 ever
                 be
                 accounted
                 as
                 Friends
                 to
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 the
                 desperate
                 Condition
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 ,
                 *
                 drew
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 in
                 a
                 round
                 Ring
                 ;
                 placing
                 their
                 Wives
                 ,
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 Women
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 receive
                 the
                 Enemy
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 with
                 less
                 Hazard
                 and
                 Prejudice
                 .
                 Being
                 therefore
                 Desperate
                 and
                 of
                 daring
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 encourag'd
                 by
                 their
                 Successes
                 in
                 former
                 Conflicts
                 ,
                 they
                 bravely
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 The
                 Macedonians
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 resolving
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 nothing
                 inferior
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Engagement
                 was
                 very
                 sharp
                 and
                 terrible
                 .
                 For
                 fighting
                 close
                 hand
                 to
                 Hand
                 ,
                 Man
                 to
                 Man
                 ,
                 various
                 kinds
                 of
                 Death
                 and
                 Wounds
                 appear'd
                 every
                 where
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 by
                 their
                 *
                 Sarissas
                 pierc'd
                 through
                 the
                 short
                 Shields
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 with
                 that
                 violence
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Points
                 ran
                 into
                 their
                 very
                 Bodies
                 The
                 Mercenaries
                 likewise
                 on
                 their
                 part
                 threw
                 their
                 Lances
                 amongst
                 the
                 Thickest
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 upon
                 whom
                 (
                 being
                 so
                 near
                 )
                 they
                 were
                 sure
                 not
                 to
                 fail
                 in
                 doing
                 Execution
                 .
                 When
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 wounded
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Women
                 took
                 up
                 the
                 Arms
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 slain
                 ,
                 and
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Men
                 in
                 the
                 Engagement
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Desperateness
                 of
                 their
                 Condition
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Work
                 in
                 hand
                 ,
                 forc'd
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 most
                 resolute
                 Resistance
                 for
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 themselves
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 them
                 therefore
                 getting
                 Arms
                 ,
                 defended
                 their
                 Husbands
                 
                 with
                 Shields
                 ;
                 others
                 that
                 had
                 no
                 Arms
                 rush'd
                 in
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 caught
                 hold
                 of
                 their
                 Bucklers
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 they
                 could
                 scarce
                 do
                 any
                 thing
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 all
                 the
                 Men
                 ,
                 together
                 
                 with
                 their
                 Wives
                 (
                 who
                 valiantly
                 fought
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 )
                 being
                 overpower'd
                 by
                 Multitude
                 ,
                 died
                 upon
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 preferring
                 an
                 honourable
                 Death
                 ,
                 before
                 a
                 Life
                 with
                 Slavery
                 and
                 Disgrace
                 .
                 The
                 useless
                 and
                 unarm'd
                 Rabble
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Women
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 to
                 his
                 Horsemen
                 .
                 He
                 took
                 likewise
                 several
                 other
                 Cities
                 ,
                 putting
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 that
                 oppos'd
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 *
                 Hence
                 he
                 mov'd
                 forward
                 to
                 the
                 Rock
                 call'd
                 Aornon
                 ;
                 for
                 here
                 those
                 Inhabitants
                 that
                 surviv'd
                 shelter'd
                 themselves
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 very
                 strong
                 Place
                 .
                 It
                 is
                 reported
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 ancient
                 Hercules
                 attempted
                 the
                 taking
                 this
                 Place
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 quit
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 terrible
                 Earthquakes
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Prodigies
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 that
                 happen'd
                 there
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ;
                 which
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 Ears
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 it
                 made
                 him
                 far
                 more
                 eager
                 to
                 assault
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 glory'd
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Gods
                 Corival
                 both
                 in
                 Might
                 and
                 Power
                 .
                 The
                 Rock
                 was
                 an
                 hundred
                 Furlongs
                 round
                 ,
                 and
                 sixteen
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 even
                 and
                 steep
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 where
                 round
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 foot
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 towards
                 the
                 South
                 runs
                 Indus
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 River
                 of
                 India
                 ;
                 other
                 Parts
                 are
                 inviron'd
                 with
                 unaccessible
                 Rocks
                 and
                 dreadful
                 Precipices
                 .
                 Alexander
                 upon
                 view
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 concluding
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 possible
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 take
                 it
                 by
                 force
                 ;
                 at
                 that
                 instant
                 there
                 came
                 to
                 him
                 an
                 Old
                 Man
                 with
                 his
                 two
                 Sons
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 liv'd
                 in
                 those
                 Places
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 poor
                 and
                 low
                 Condition
                 :
                 He
                 had
                 there
                 a
                 little
                 Cell
                 cut
                 into
                 the
                 Rock
                 ,
                 wherein
                 were
                 three
                 Beds
                 :
                 He
                 and
                 his
                 Sons
                 lodging
                 together
                 in
                 this
                 place
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 very
                 well
                 acquainted
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Avenues
                 and
                 Passages
                 round
                 about
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 therefore
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 he
                 told
                 him
                 his
                 Condition
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 to
                 lead
                 the
                 King
                 through
                 the
                 Straits
                 and
                 craggy
                 By-ways
                 ,
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 Post
                 where
                 he
                 might
                 assault
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 upon
                 the
                 Rock
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 Alexander
                 promis'd
                 him
                 a
                 large
                 Reward
                 ,
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 his
                 Conduct
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 only
                 Passage
                 
                 that
                 led
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 :
                 And
                 because
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 other
                 way
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 he
                 so
                 block'd
                 up
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 Relief
                 to
                 be
                 expected
                 .
                 Then
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 many
                 hands
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 up
                 a
                 Mount
                 from
                 the
                 bottom
                 and
                 foot
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 ;
                 and
                 advanc'd
                 so
                 close
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 very
                 sharp
                 and
                 vigorous
                 Assault
                 ,
                 which
                 continu'd
                 without
                 any
                 interruption
                 Night
                 and
                 Day
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 seven
                 Days
                 and
                 Nights
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 beginning
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 by
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 heighth
                 of
                 the
                 Fort
                 ,
                 prevail'd
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 many
                 that
                 too
                 rashly
                 forc'd
                 in
                 upon
                 them
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 Battery
                 was
                 rais'd
                 up
                 to
                 its
                 due
                 heighth
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Engines
                 for
                 shooting
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 other
                 Warlike
                 Instruments
                 were
                 brought
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Resolution
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 not
                 to
                 leave
                 the
                 Assault
                 was
                 discern'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Consternation
                 .
                 But
                 Alexander
                 wisely
                 foreseeing
                 what
                 would
                 be
                 the
                 Issue
                 ,
                 commanded
                 the
                 Guard
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 left
                 at
                 the
                 Passage
                 to
                 withdraw
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 the
                 Enemy
                 might
                 have
                 free
                 liberty
                 to
                 be
                 gone
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 a
                 mind
                 to
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 affrighted
                 by
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 King
                 's
                 brave
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 left
                 the
                 Fort.
                 The
                 Indians
                 being
                 thus
                 frighted
                 with
                 a
                 Scarecrow
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Rock
                 without
                 any
                 considerable
                 loss
                 :
                 And
                 then
                 having
                 rewarded
                 his
                 Guide
                 ,
                 march'd
                 away
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 to
                 other
                 places
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 that
                 time
                 there
                 was
                 one
                 Aphrices
                 ,
                 an
                 Indian
                 ,
                 that
                 lay
                 in
                 those
                 parts
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 
                 of
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 Fifteen
                 Elephants
                 :
                 Him
                 the
                 Indians
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 his
                 Head
                 to
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 gain'd
                 his
                 Favour
                 .
                 He
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 likewise
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Elephants
                 in
                 that
                 Tract
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Indians
                 into
                 his
                 Protection
                 .
                 Thence
                 he
                 mov'd
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Indus
                 ,
                 where
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 some
                 Ships
                 of
                 Thirty
                 Oars
                 a
                 piece
                 ,
                 with
                 them
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 Bridge
                 over
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 and
                 continu'd
                 in
                 that
                 place
                 
                 for
                 thirty
                 days
                 space
                 to
                 refresh
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 offer'd
                 magnificent
                 Sacrifices
                 to
                 the
                 Gods.
                 
              
               
                 After
                 he
                 had
                 pass'd
                 over
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 there
                 hapned
                 something
                 unusual
                 and
                 remarkable
                 :
                 One
                 Taxilis
                 ,
                 who
                 formerly
                 reign'd
                 in
                 that
                 Country
                 ,
                 being
                 lately
                 dead
                 ,
                 his
                 Son
                 Mophis
                 succeeded
                 him
                 ;
                 this
                 Mophis
                 some
                 time
                 before
                 had
                 sent
                 an
                 Ambassador
                 to
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 Sogdiana
                 ,
                 to
                 offer
                 him
                 his
                 Assistance
                 against
                 the
                 Indians
                 that
                 were
                 then
                 preparing
                 to
                 oppose
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 likewise
                 promis'd
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 into
                 the
                 King's
                 hands
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 Thirty
                 Furlongs
                 distant
                 ,
                 Mophis
                 and
                 his
                 Friends
                 march'd
                 towards
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 well-appointed
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 Elephants
                 adorn'd
                 and
                 fitted
                 for
                 Battel
                 .
                 When
                 Alexander
                 saw
                 so
                 numerous
                 an
                 Army
                 advance
                 ,
                 he
                 believ'd
                 the
                 Indian
                 had
                 made
                 a
                 Cloak
                 of
                 his
                 Promises
                 to
                 cover
                 his
                 Fraud
                 ,
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 to
                 surprize
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 at
                 unawares
                 ;
                 therefore
                 he
                 commanded
                 the
                 Trumpets
                 to
                 give
                 the
                 Sign
                 of
                 Battel
                 ,
                 and
                 drew
                 up
                 his
                 Army
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ,
                 and
                 advanc'd
                 towards
                 the
                 Indians
                 .
                 But
                 Mophis
                 being
                 inform'd
                 of
                 the
                 sudden
                 Commotion
                 that
                 was
                 amongst
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 easily
                 judging
                 what
                 was
                 the
                 
                 occasion
                 ,
                 commanded
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 halt
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 with
                 a
                 few
                 in
                 his
                 Company
                 ,
                 posts
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 undeceives
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 by
                 delivering
                 up
                 himself
                 and
                 his
                 Army
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 )
                 into
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ;
                 who
                 was
                 so
                 well
                 pleas'd
                 with
                 what
                 the
                 Barbarian
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 restor'd
                 him
                 to
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 ever
                 after
                 found
                 Taxiles
                 (
                 for
                 so
                 he
                 was
                 call'd
                 )
                 his
                 constant
                 and
                 faithful
                 Friend
                 and
                 Associate
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 Transactions
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 X.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Alexander
                   overcomes
                   Porus.
                   How
                   Apes
                   are
                   taken
                   ,
                   Strange
                   Serpents
                   for
                   Venem
                   .
                   Large
                   Trees
                   .
                   Marches
                   against
                   the
                   
                     Andrastians
                     ,
                     Catheri
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   against
                   Sophithes
                   .
                   The
                   Custom
                   of
                   them
                   under
                   Sophithes
                   .
                   Indian
                   Dogs
                   .
                   Entertain'd
                   by
                   Phigeus
                   .
                   The
                   Macedonians
                   refuse
                   to
                   march
                   against
                   the
                   
                     Gandarides
                     .
                     Alexander
                  
                   leaves
                   Monuments
                   behind
                   him
                   at
                   the
                   River
                   
                     Hyphasis
                     .
                     Nicea
                  
                   built
                   ,
                   and
                   Bucephalis
                   .
                   The
                   Ibori
                   present
                   Alexander
                   .
                   Routs
                   the
                   Agalassians
                   .
                   In
                   danger
                   in
                   the
                   River
                   Indas
                   by
                   Whirlpools
                   .
                   Marches
                   against
                   the
                   Oxidracans
                   and
                   Mallians
                   .
                   The
                   King
                   leaps
                   off
                   the
                   Wall
                   into
                   the
                   Town
                   .
                   A
                   Duel
                   between
                   Coragus
                   and
                   Dioxippus
                   .
                   The
                   Sambestae
                   submit
                   to
                   Alexander
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Sodrans
                   and
                   Massanians
                   .
                   Subdues
                   
                     Musicanus
                     ,
                     Porticanus
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Sambus
                   .
                   Poison'd
                   Weapons
                   .
                   The
                   King's
                   Dream
                   .
                   Comes
                   into
                   the
                   main
                   Ocean
                   .
                   Comes
                   into
                   Gedrosia
                   .
                   The
                   Savageness
                   of
                   the
                   People
                   .
                   His
                   Army
                   near
                   perishing
                   in
                   Gedrosia
                   .
                   Comes
                   into
                   Carmania
                   .
                   Punishes
                   the
                   
                     Bormcial
                     Goremours
                     ,
                     Nearchus
                  
                   returns
                   .
                   Islands
                   cover'd
                   at
                   high
                   Tides
                   .
                   The
                   strange
                   Death
                   of
                   
                     Calanus
                     .
                     Alexander
                  
                   marrieth
                   
                     Statira
                     .
                     Harpalus
                  
                   his
                   Luxury
                   .
                   He
                   seizes
                   with
                   his
                   own
                   Hand
                   them
                   that
                   mutiny'd
                   .
                
              
               
                 AT
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 Chremes
                 was
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Publius
                   Cornelius
                
                 and
                 
                 
                   Aulus
                   Posthumius
                
                 executed
                 the
                 Consulship
                 at
                 
                   Rome
                   ;
                   Alexander
                
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 refresh'd
                 his
                 Army
                 in
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Taxilis
                 ,
                 march'd
                 against
                 Porus
                 Prince
                 of
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Indians
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 in
                 his
                 Army
                 above
                 Fifty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 above
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Chariots
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 thirty
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 confederated
                 with
                 another
                 Neighbouring
                 King
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Embisarus
                 ,
                 not
                 inferior
                 in
                 Power
                 to
                 Porus.
                 
                 Alexander
                 understanding
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 above
                 400
                 Furlongs
                 distant
                 from
                 Porus
                 ,
                 advanc'd
                 with
                 a
                 Resolution
                 to
                 fight
                 him
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 other
                 join'd
                 him
                 .
                 Porus
                 perceiving
                 him
                 to
                 approach
                 ,
                 drew
                 up
                 his
                 Horse
                 in
                 two
                 Wings
                 :
                 His
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 so
                 accountred
                 as
                 to
                 terrifie
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 he
                 plac'd
                 at
                 equal
                 distances
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 ,
                 and
                 lin'd
                 them
                 with
                 his
                 arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 commanded
                 to
                 guard
                 and
                 defend
                 them
                 from
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 in
                 the
                 Flank
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 Army
                 drawn
                 up
                 thus
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ,
                 seem'd
                 like
                 a
                 City
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Elephants
                 stood
                 like
                 so
                 many
                 Towers
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 plac'd
                 among
                 them
                 resembled
                 the
                 Walls
                 .
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 (
                 observing
                 how
                 his
                 Enemies
                 were
                 drawn
                 up
                 )
                 so
                 dispos'd
                 and
                 order'd
                 his
                 own
                 Men
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 present
                 Circumstances
                 of
                 his
                 Affairs
                 then
                 requir'd
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Horse
                 engag'd
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Indians
                 Chariots
                 were
                 presently
                 broken
                 in
                 pieces
                 :
                 Afterwards
                 the
                 Elephants
                 being
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 (
                 by
                 the
                 mighty
                 Bulk
                 of
                 their
                 Bodies
                 and
                 their
                 great
                 Strength
                 )
                 bore
                 down
                 and
                 trod
                 underfoot
                 
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ;
                 others
                 were
                 catch'd
                 up
                 in
                 their
                 Trunks
                 ,
                 and
                 toss'd
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 fell
                 down
                 again
                 with
                 great
                 violence
                 upon
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 miserably
                 perish'd
                 :
                 Many
                 likewise
                 were
                 so
                 rent
                 and
                 torn
                 by
                 their
                 Teeth
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 died
                 forthwith
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 with
                 invincible
                 Courage
                 indur'd
                 all
                 the
                 Hardships
                 wherewith
                 they
                 were
                 press'd
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 their
                 *
                 Sarissas
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 guarded
                 the
                 Elephants
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 now
                 they
                 fought
                 upon
                 equal
                 Terms
                 ;
                 and
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 Beasts
                 being
                 ply'd
                 with
                 Darts
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 longer
                 to
                 endure
                 the
                 many
                 Wounds
                 they
                 receiv'd
                 ,
                 their
                 Riders
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 rule
                 them
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 they
                 furiously
                 rush'd
                 backwards
                 ,
                 and
                 broke
                 in
                 upon
                 their
                 own
                 Regiments
                 ,
                 and
                 trode
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 underfoot
                 ,
                 which
                 caus'd
                 great
                 disturbance
                 and
                 consusion
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Porus
                 mounted
                 upon
                 the
                 Bravest
                 Elephant
                 (
                 seeing
                 how
                 things
                 were
                 like
                 to
                 be
                 )
                 commanded
                 Forty
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 not
                 as
                 yet
                 startled
                 and
                 affrighted
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 plac'd
                 round
                 about
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 with
                 these
                 
                 he
                 made
                 so
                 desperate
                 and
                 sierce
                 a
                 Charge
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 sad
                 Slaughter
                 amongst
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ;
                 especially
                 being
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 the
                 strongest
                 Body
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 five
                 Cubits
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 bulk
                 proportionable
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 his
                 Breast-plate
                 was
                 twice
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 strongest
                 Men
                 amongst
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 threw
                 a
                 Dart
                 with
                 as
                 great
                 force
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 shot
                 out
                 of
                 an
                 Engine
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 extraordinary
                 Strength
                 of
                 Porus
                 did
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 terrifie
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 plac'd
                 in
                 the
                 front
                 against
                 him
                 :
                 Alexander
                 therefore
                 commanded
                 the
                 Archers
                 and
                 light-arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 to
                 make
                 at
                 Porus
                 himself
                 ;
                 who
                 did
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 commanded
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 such
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 Archers
                 were
                 got
                 in
                 one
                 Body
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 Showers
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 pour'd
                 out
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 possibly
                 miss
                 their
                 Mark.
                 
                 Porus
                 at
                 length
                 (
                 having
                 fought
                 with
                 great
                 Valour
                 and
                 Resolution
                 )
                 by
                 multitude
                 of
                 Wounds
                 lost
                 so
                 much
                 Blood
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 his
                 Spirits
                 fail'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 fell
                 down
                 from
                 his
                 Beast
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 it
                 being
                 presently
                 spread
                 abroad
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 dead
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Indians
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 was
                 made
                 amongst
                 '
                 em
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 Alexander
                 having
                 gain'd
                 this
                 glorious
                 Victory
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 commanded
                 his
                 Trumpets
                 
                 to
                 sound
                 a
                 Retreat
                 .
                 But
                 there
                 were
                 kill'd
                 in
                 this
                 Battel
                 above
                 Twelve
                 thousand
                 Indians
                 ;
                 amongst
                 whom
                 were
                 Two
                 Sons
                 of
                 Porus
                 ,
                 the
                 Generals
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Chiefest
                 of
                 his
                 Commanders
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 taken
                 above
                 Nine
                 thousand
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 Fourscore
                 Elephants
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 Porus
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 yet
                 quite
                 dead
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 Alexander
                 recommended
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 Care
                 of
                 the
                 Indians
                 themselves
                 for
                 the
                 dressing
                 of
                 his
                 Wounds
                 .
                 There
                 fell
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 Two
                 hundred
                 and
                 fourscore
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 Seven
                 hundred
                 Foot
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 King
                 took
                 care
                 to
                 be
                 decently
                 bury'd
                 ,
                 and
                 rewarded
                 those
                 that
                 surviv'd
                 who
                 had
                 merited
                 by
                 their
                 Valour
                 .
                 He
                 sacrific'd
                 likewise
                 to
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 through
                 whose
                 Favour
                 and
                 Assistance
                 he
                 had
                 conquer'd
                 the
                 East
                 .
                 The
                 neighbouring
                 Mountains
                 being
                 cloth'd
                 with
                 great
                 Numbers
                 of
                 Firr-Trees
                 ,
                 Cedars
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Pitch-Tree
                 ,
                 the
                 Place
                 affords
                 plentiful
                 Materials
                 for
                 the
                 Building
                 of
                 Ships
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 built
                 as
                 many
                 here
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 occasion
                 for
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 design'd
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 Bounds
                 of
                 India
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 subdu'd
                 those
                 Nations
                 that
                 lay
                 in
                 his
                 way
                 ,
                 to
                 pass
                 along
                 through
                 the
                 River
                 into
                 the
                 Ocean
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 he
                 built
                 Two
                 Cities
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 one
                 upon
                 the
                 further
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 River
                 where
                 he
                 pass'd
                 over
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 where
                 he
                 overcame
                 Porus
                 ;
                 and
                 both
                 were
                 presently
                 
                 perfected
                 ,
                 having
                 many
                 hands
                 at
                 work
                 .
              
               
                 Porus
                 being
                 recover'd
                 ,
                 he
                 restor'd
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 Possession
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 there
                 was
                 plenty
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 he
                 suffer'd
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 lie
                 still
                 and
                 refresh
                 themselves
                 
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 thirty
                 Days
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 some
                 things
                 very
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 and
                 worth
                 observing
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Mountains
                 near
                 where
                 they
                 encamp'd
                 :
                 For
                 besides
                 the
                 Materials
                 for
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 this
                 Tract
                 abounds
                 with
                 Serpents
                 of
                 a
                 vast
                 Bigness
                 ,
                 16
                 Cubits
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 breeds
                 a
                 sort
                 of
                 Apes
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 admir'd
                 both
                 for
                 their
                 number
                 and
                 greatness
                 of
                 their
                 Bodies
                 .
                 The
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Beast
                 has
                 instructed
                 the
                 Hunter
                 how
                 to
                 take
                 her
                 ;
                 for
                 she
                 's
                 apt
                 to
                 imitate
                 every
                 Action
                 she
                 sees
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 of
                 her
                 Strength
                 and
                 natural
                 Sagacity
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 very
                 difficult
                 to
                 take
                 her
                 by
                 force
                 .
                 Therefore
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Hunters
                 anoint
                 their
                 Eyes
                 with
                 Honey
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 put
                 on
                 Shoes
                 in
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 the
                 Apes
                 ;
                 and
                 some
                 there
                 are
                 that
                 clap
                 upon
                 their
                 Heads
                 *
                 Looking-glasses
                 :
                 Then
                 they
                 leave
                 some
                 Shoes
                 behind
                 them
                 ,
                 with
                 Bands
                 fixt
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 instead
                 of
                 Honey
                 lay
                 Birdlime
                 ,
                 and
                 within
                 the
                 Glasses
                 are
                 Ropes
                 to
                 run
                 on
                 Nooses
                 :
                 When
                 they
                 are
                 gone
                 ,
                 the
                 poor
                 Beasts
                 begin
                 presently
                 to
                 imitate
                 what
                 they
                 saw
                 done
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 are
                 deluded
                 ;
                 for
                 their
                 Eye-lids
                 are
                 glew'd
                 together
                 ,
                 their
                 Feet
                 are
                 fast
                 bound
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 whole
                 Bodies
                 held
                 by
                 the
                 Snares
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 they
                 become
                 an
                 easie
                 Prey
                 to
                 the
                 Hunter
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 Alexander
                 forces
                 Embisarus
                 (
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 so
                 slow
                 in
                 assisting
                 Porus
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 in
                 a
                 Consternation
                 )
                 to
                 a
                 Submission
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 passes
                 the
                 River
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 makes
                 his
                 way
                 through
                 a
                 most
                 fruitful
                 Country
                 :
                 For
                 here
                 are
                 strange
                 sorts
                 of
                 Trees
                 
                 seventy
                 Cubits
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 that
                 thickness
                 that
                 four
                 Men
                 can
                 scarcely
                 fathom
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 cast
                 
                 a
                 Shade
                 300
                 foot
                 distance
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 likewise
                 in
                 this
                 Tract
                 multitudes
                 of
                 Serpents
                 of
                 small
                 Bodies
                 ;
                 but
                 for
                 their
                 various
                 Colour
                 most
                 remarkable
                 :
                 For
                 some
                 lie
                 like
                 Rods
                 yellow
                 as
                 Brass
                 ;
                 others
                 have
                 very
                 
                 rough
                 and
                 hairy
                 Breasts
                 ,
                 and
                 whoever
                 is
                 bitten
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 falls
                 down
                 dead
                 immediately
                 .
                 If
                 any
                 be
                 stung
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 's
                 most
                 horridly
                 tormented
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 bloody
                 Sweat
                 issues
                 out
                 at
                 all
                 the
                 Pores
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 .
                 The
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 to
                 secure
                 themselves
                 from
                 these
                 Mischiefs
                 ,
                 hung
                 up
                 their
                 Beds
                 on
                 the
                 Limbs
                 of
                 these
                 Trees
                 ,
                 watching
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 :
                 But
                 at
                 length
                 ,
                 by
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 directed
                 to
                 a
                 Root
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 an
                 Antidote
                 against
                 the
                 Poison
                 .
              
               
               
                 After
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 mov'd
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 inform'd
                 that
                 Porus
                 ,
                 a
                 neighbouring
                 Prince
                 ,
                 Nephew
                 of
                 Porus
                 lately
                 vanquish'd
                 ,
                 was
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 run
                 to
                 the
                 Gangarides
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 Alexander
                 was
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 troubled
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 sent
                 Hephestion
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 into
                 his
                 Dominion
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 him
                 to
                 reduce
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 a
                 Province
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 deliver
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 his
                 Friend
                 Porus.
                 He
                 himself
                 march'd
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Andrastians
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Cities
                 by
                 assault
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 others
                 by
                 surrender
                 .
              
               
                 Thence
                 he
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Catheri
                 ,
                 where
                 by
                 the
                 Law
                 the
                 living
                 Wives
                 are
                 burnt
                 together
                 with
                 their
                 dead
                 Husbands
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Wickedness
                 and
                 Treachery
                 of
                 one
                 Woman
                 ,
                 who
                 poison'd
                 her
                 Husband
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 this
                 Law.
                 There
                 the
                 King
                 burnt
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 the
                 greatest
                 and
                 strongest
                 Town
                 of
                 all
                 others
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 with
                 great
                 difficulty
                 and
                 hazard
                 taken
                 it
                 by
                 assault
                 .
                 The
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 another
                 
                 Town
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 ready
                 to
                 assault
                 ,
                 came
                 forth
                 ,
                 and
                 humbly
                 submitted
                 themselves
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 spar'd
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Thence
                 he
                 led
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 the
                 Cities
                 belonging
                 to
                 Sophithes
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 govern'd
                 by
                 most
                 excellent
                 Laws
                 ;
                 amongst
                 the
                 rest
                 they
                 strictly
                 observe
                 this
                 ,
                 
                   To
                   value
                   their
                   Beauty
                   and
                
                 
                 
                   and
                   comely
                   Proportion
                   above
                   all
                   other
                   Things
                
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 they
                 carefully
                 examine
                 every
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Child
                 when
                 it
                 is
                 in
                 the
                 Cradle
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 sound
                 and
                 perfect
                 in
                 every
                 Limb
                 and
                 Member
                 ,
                 and
                 likely
                 to
                 be
                 strong
                 and
                 comely
                 ,
                 they
                 nurse
                 and
                 bring
                 up
                 ;
                 but
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 lame
                 and
                 deficient
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 weak
                 Habit
                 of
                 Body
                 ,
                 they
                 kill
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 worth
                 the
                 rearing
                 .
                 They
                 have
                 the
                 same
                 regard
                 to
                 their
                 Marriages
                 ;
                 for
                 without
                 any
                 respect
                 to
                 Portion
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 Advantages
                 ,
                 they
                 only
                 mind
                 the
                 Beauty
                 of
                 the
                 Person
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Health
                 and
                 Strength
                 of
                 their
                 Bodies
                 .
                 Hence
                 it
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 who
                 live
                 in
                 those
                 Cities
                 ,
                 are
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 more
                 Beautiful
                 and
                 Comely
                 than
                 others
                 .
                 But
                 Sophithes
                 the
                 King
                 surpass'd
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 for
                 admirable
                 Beauty
                 and
                 stately
                 Proportion
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 above
                 four
                 Cubits
                 high
                 :
                 He
                 came
                 forth
                 of
                 his
                 Royal
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 up
                 himself
                 and
                 Kingdom
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 the
                 Bounty
                 of
                 the
                 Victor
                 forthwith
                 receiv'd
                 it
                 back
                 again
                 ;
                 and
                 thereupon
                 he
                 nobly
                 feasted
                 Alexander
                 and
                 all
                 his
                 Army
                 for
                 several
                 Days
                 together
                 .
                 And
                 after
                 many
                 rich
                 Presents
                 made
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 presented
                 him
                 with
                 an
                 hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 Dogs
                 of
                 a
                 wonderful
                 Strength
                 and
                 Bigness
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 other
                 most
                 remarkable
                 Properties
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 said
                 
                 they
                 were
                 brought
                 forth
                 by
                 Tygars
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 coupled
                 with
                 Dogs
                 .
                 Alexander
                 minding
                 by
                 an
                 Experiment
                 to
                 try
                 their
                 Strength
                 and
                 Courage
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 an
                 exceeding
                 great
                 Lion
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 Circus
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 loos'd
                 at
                 him
                 two
                 of
                 the
                 weakest
                 of
                 the
                 Dogs
                 ;
                 which
                 
                 proving
                 too
                 weak
                 ,
                 he
                 let
                 go
                 other
                 two
                 .
                 The
                 Lion
                 being
                 now
                 surrounded
                 by
                 four
                 ,
                 and
                 over-power'd
                 ,
                 Sophithes
                 sent
                 one
                 with
                 a
                 Sword
                 ,
                 who
                 began
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 right
                 Thigh
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Dogs
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 call'd
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 the
                 Squires
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 ran
                 to
                 the
                 Indian
                 ,
                 and
                 held
                 his
                 Hand
                 :
                 But
                 Sophithes
                 wish'd
                 'em
                 to
                 let
                 him
                 alone
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 to
                 give
                 three
                 for
                 that
                 one
                 .
                 The
                 Huntsman
                 theresore
                 laid
                 hold
                 again
                 on
                 the
                 Dog's
                 Thigh
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 it
                 off
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 that
                 while
                 the
                 Dog
                 neither
                 how●'d
                 nor
                 made
                 the
                 least
                 noise
                 ;
                 but
                 held
                 fast
                 his
                 Hold
                 till
                 he
                 fell
                 down
                 dead
                 upon
                 the
                 Lion.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Hephestion
                 *
                 return'd
                 with
                 those
                 Troops
                 before
                 sent
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 having
                 subdu'd
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 India
                 where-ever
                 he
                 came
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 hereupon
                 honour'd
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 with
                 all
                 deserv'd
                 Praises
                 .
              
               
                 Next
                 Alexander
                 march'd
                 into
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Phigeus
                 ,
                 where
                 all
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 were
                 welcom'd
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 Phigeus
                 himself
                 meeting
                 him
                 with
                 Gifts
                 and
                 Presents
                 ,
                 
                 willing
                 to
                 receive
                 from
                 him
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 as
                 a
                 Gift
                 of
                 his
                 Bounty
                 ;
                 which
                 Alexander
                 accordingly
                 restor'd
                 to
                 him
                 :
                 And
                 both
                 he
                 and
                 his
                 Army
                 being
                 entertain'd
                 by
                 Phigeus
                 for
                 two
                 days
                 ,
                 he
                 then
                 mov'd
                 forward
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Hyphasis
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 seven
                 Furlongs
                 over
                 ,
                 and
                 six
                 
                 Fathoms
                 deep
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 fierce
                 Stream
                 ,
                 and
                 difficult
                 to
                 pass
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 learn'd
                 from
                 Phigeus
                 ,
                 that
                 beyond
                 Indus
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 vast
                 Desart
                 of
                 twelve
                 Days
                 Journey
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 farthest
                 Borders
                 thereof
                 ran
                 the
                 Ganges
                 Two
                 and
                 twenty
                 Furlongs
                 broad
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 deepest
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Rivers
                 in
                 India
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 beyond
                 this
                 River
                 ,
                 there
                 dwelt
                 the
                 Tabresians
                 ,
                 the
                 Gandarides
                 ,
                 
                 whose
                 King
                 's
                 Name
                 was
                 Xandrames
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Chariots
                 ,
                 and
                 Foursand
                 Elephants
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 could
                 not
                 believe
                 this
                 to
                 be
                 true
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 sent
                 for
                 Porus
                 ,
                 and
                 enquir'd
                 of
                 him
                 whether
                 it
                 were
                 so
                 or
                 not
                 .
                 He
                 told
                 him
                 all
                 was
                 certainly
                 true
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 the
                 present
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Gandarides
                 was
                 but
                 of
                 a
                 mean
                 and
                 obscure
                 Extract
                 ,
                 accounted
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Barber's
                 Son.
                 For
                 his
                 Father
                 being
                 a
                 very
                 beautiful
                 and
                 handsome
                 Man
                 ,
                 the
                 Queen
                 fell
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 murther'd
                 her
                 Husband
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 devolv'd
                 upon
                 the
                 present
                 King.
                 
              
               
               
                 Alexander
                 however
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 perceiv'd
                 that
                 the
                 Expedition
                 against
                 the
                 Gandarides
                 would
                 be
                 very
                 difficult
                 ;
                 yet
                 through
                 a
                 desire
                 he
                 still
                 had
                 to
                 gain
                 further
                 Glory
                 ,
                 would
                 not
                 wave
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 confiding
                 in
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Answers
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 the
                 Oracles
                 ,
                 hop'd
                 to
                 conquer
                 all
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 where-ever
                 he
                 went
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 remembred
                 that
                 at
                 Delphos
                 he
                 was
                 call'd
                 by
                 the
                 Oracle
                 Invincible
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Empire
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 was
                 promis'd
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 
                   Jupiter
                   Hammon
                
                 .
                 But
                 discerning
                 that
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 even
                 tired
                 out
                 with
                 continual
                 Marches
                 (
                 for
                 they
                 had
                 now
                 toil'd
                 themselves
                 with
                 extream
                 Hazards
                 for
                 Eight
                 Years
                 together
                 )
                 he
                 judg'd
                 it
                 necessary
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Speech
                 to
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 to
                 perswade
                 them
                 to
                 undertake
                 with
                 him
                 this
                 Expedition
                 against
                 the
                 Gandarides
                 .
                 For
                 now
                 he
                 had
                 lost
                 many
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 hopes
                 or
                 prospect
                 remain'd
                 of
                 ending
                 the
                 War
                 :
                 Nay
                 ,
                 their
                 very
                 Horse-Hoofs
                 were
                 worn
                 away
                 by
                 their
                 continual
                 Marches
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Arms
                 wasted
                 and
                 become
                 useless
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 all
                 their
                 Grecian
                 Habits
                 and
                 
                 Clothes
                 were
                 worn
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 Stuff
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 the
                 Indian
                 Plads
                 in
                 pieces
                 to
                 make
                 themselves
                 Clothes
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 happen'd
                 likewise
                 about
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 pour'd
                 down
                 from
                 Heaven
                 fearful
                 Storms
                 *
                 of
                 Rain
                 ,
                 with
                 terrible
                 Thunder
                 and
                 Lightning
                 ,
                 which
                 continu'd
                 for
                 seventy
                 Days
                 together
                 .
                 All
                 which
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 happen'd
                 cross
                 to
                 his
                 Designs
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 conceiv'd
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 judg'd
                 there
                 was
                 one
                 way
                 still
                 left
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 accomplish
                 what
                 he
                 so
                 much
                 desir'd
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 was
                 by
                 Bounty
                 and
                 Liberality
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 he
                 gave
                 free
                 liberty
                 to
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 ravage
                 and
                 plunder
                 all
                 over
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Country
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 rich
                 and
                 abounding
                 in
                 all
                 good
                 Things
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 the
                 Army
                 was
                 thus
                 employ'd
                 in
                 spoiling
                 and
                 plundering
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 together
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 Wives
                 and
                 all
                 their
                 Children
                 ;
                 and
                 among
                 the
                 Wives
                 he
                 order'd
                 Corn
                 to
                 be
                 distributed
                 every
                 Month
                 ;
                 and
                 commanded
                 so
                 much
                 Money
                 to
                 be
                 paid
                 to
                 the
                 Children
                 ,
                 as
                 their
                 Fathers
                 Pay
                 amounted
                 unto
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 return'd
                 to
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 loaded
                 with
                 abundance
                 of
                 rich
                 Prey
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 them
                 all
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 made
                 a
                 handsom
                 study'd
                 Speech
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 persuade
                 them
                 to
                 march
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 against
                 the
                 Gandarides
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 not
                 able
                 upon
                 any
                 Terms
                 to
                 prevail
                 with
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 off
                 that
                 Design
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 determining
                 there
                 to
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 all
                 his
                 Expeditions
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 
                 place
                 he
                 erected
                 Twelve
                 Altars
                 to
                 the
                 Twelve
                 Gods
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 fifty
                 Cubits
                 high
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 drew
                 a
                 Trench
                 round
                 his
                 Camp
                 thrice
                 as
                 large
                 as
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 it
                 fifty
                 Foot
                 broad
                 ,
                 and
                 forty
                 deep
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 Earth
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Trench
                 ,
                 cast
                 up
                 a
                 strong
                 Mud-wall
                 on
                 the
                 inner
                 side
                 .
                 He
                 commanded
                 likewise
                 every
                 Foot-Soldier
                 to
                 provide
                 two
                 Beds
                 in
                 his
                 Tent
                 of
                 five
                 Cubits
                 high
                 ;
                 and
                 every
                 Horse-man
                 (
                 besides
                 two
                 Beds
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 quantity
                 )
                 to
                 make
                 Mangers
                 twice
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 any
                 other
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 every
                 thing
                 they
                 left
                 behind
                 them
                 should
                 be
                 enlarg'd
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 proportion
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 he
                 did
                 partly
                 to
                 leave
                 behind
                 him
                 Monuments
                 of
                 his
                 Heroick
                 Actions
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 World
                 believe
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 with
                 him
                 were
                 Men
                 of
                 mighty
                 Stature
                 ,
                 and
                 stronger
                 than
                 any
                 other
                 .
                 When
                 this
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 back
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Army
                 the
                 same
                 way
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Acisines
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 found
                 some
                 Ships
                 in
                 building
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 order'd
                 to
                 be
                 perfected
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 built
                 several
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 that
                 time
                 came
                 to
                 him
                 Supplies
                 out
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 Auxiliaries
                 and
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 about
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 Six
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 likewise
                 brought
                 to
                 him
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Arms
                 for
                 Five
                 and
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 Men
                 most
                 curiously
                 wrought
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 weight
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Medicines
                 and
                 Physical
                 Preparations
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 these
                 he
                 distributed
                 amongst
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 His
                 Ships
                 now
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Tackle
                 and
                 Furniture
                 were
                 compleatly
                 Rigg'd
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 were
                 
                 Two
                 hundred
                 open
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 and
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 Transport-Ships
                 for
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Service
                 .
                 The
                 two
                 Cities
                 he
                 had
                 built
                 near
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 he
                 call'd
                 Nicea
                 ,
                 from
                 a
                 Victory
                 
                 there
                 gain'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Bucephalis
                 ,
                 from
                 his
                 Horse
                 that
                 was
                 there
                 kill'd
                 in
                 the
                 Battel
                 against
                 Porus.
                 
              
               
                 Then
                 he
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 went
                 aboard
                 ,
                 and
                 sail'd
                 down
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 intent
                 to
                 fall
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Southern
                 Ocean
                 ;
                 but
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 march'd
                 along
                 the
                 River's
                 Bank
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Craterus
                 and
                 Hephestion
                 .
                 He
                 came
                 now
                 to
                 that
                 
                 place
                 where
                 the
                 River
                 Hydaspes
                 and
                 Ascisines
                 meet
                 together
                 .
                 Here
                 he
                 landed
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 to
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 the
                 Ibori
                 ;
                 these
                 are
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 descended
                 from
                 them
                 who
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 Rock
                 Aornon
                 with
                 Hercules
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 defeated
                 in
                 that
                 Design
                 ,
                 were
                 planted
                 in
                 this
                 Country
                 by
                 that
                 Hero.
                 Here
                 he
                 encamp'd
                 near
                 an
                 eminent
                 City
                 of
                 greatest
                 Command
                 in
                 those
                 parts
                 :
                 The
                 Citizens
                 went
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 admitted
                 to
                 converse
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 they
                 renew'd
                 the
                 Memory
                 of
                 their
                 ancient
                 Kindred
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 to
                 perform
                 all
                 Offices
                 of
                 Respect
                 and
                 Kindness
                 ,
                 as
                 became
                 so
                 near
                 Relations
                 ;
                 and
                 seal'd
                 and
                 confirm'd
                 what
                 they
                 said
                 with
                 extraordinary
                 rich
                 Presents
                 .
                 
                 The
                 King
                 receiv'd
                 them
                 very
                 graciously
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 return
                 freed
                 all
                 their
                 Cities
                 to
                 govern
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 .
              
               
                 Thence
                 he
                 mov'd
                 towards
                 the
                 bordering
                 Nations
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 he
                 found
                 the
                 Agalassians
                 had
                 rais'd
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Forty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 :
                 Alexander
                 
                 fought
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 routed
                 'em
                 ;
                 many
                 were
                 kill'd
                 upon
                 the
                 spot
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 fled
                 into
                 Holes
                 and
                 Dens
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Towns
                 and
                 Villages
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 afterwards
                 taken
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 all
                 sold
                 for
                 Slaves
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 20000
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 that
                 got
                 together
                 for
                 shelter
                 into
                 a
                 great
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 took
                 by
                 Storm
                 ;
                 though
                 the
                 Indians
                 blocking
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 strait
                 Passages
                 ,
                 fought
                 resolutely
                 from
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 their
                 Houses
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 multitudes
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 which
                 put
                 him
                 into
                 such
                 a
                 Rage
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 set
                 the
                 Town
                 on
                 fire
                 ,
                 and
                 burnt
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 it
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 only
                 Three
                 thousand
                 remain'd
                 ,
                 who
                 
                 fled
                 into
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 and
                 su'd
                 for
                 Pardon
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 he
                 with
                 his
                 Friends
                 went
                 on
                 board
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 sail'd
                 down
                 the
                 River
                 to
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 the
                 two
                 *
                 Rivers
                 (
                 as
                 was
                 said
                 before
                 )
                 and
                 likewise
                 Indus
                 ,
                 now
                 met
                 together
                 .
                 But
                 these
                 great
                 Rivers
                 rushing
                 in
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 in
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 place
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 most
                 terrible
                 Whirlpools
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Ships
                 that
                 fell
                 into
                 them
                 were
                 so
                 whirl'd
                 about
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 they
                 perish'd
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Stream
                 was
                 so
                 fierce
                 and
                 violent
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 Pilot
                 could
                 govern
                 their
                 Ships
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 two
                 long
                 Ships
                 were
                 sunk
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 driven
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 .
                 The
                 King's
                 Ship
                 was
                 likewise
                 catch'd
                 in
                 a
                 Whirlpool
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 now
                 
                 in
                 the
                 utmost
                 Extremity
                 and
                 Danger
                 of
                 losing
                 his
                 Life
                 ;
                 which
                 he
                 perceiving
                 ,
                 stript
                 himself
                 naked
                 ,
                 and
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 the
                 last
                 Remedy
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 his
                 Friends
                 came
                 round
                 the
                 Ship
                 ,
                 endeavouring
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Might
                 to
                 take
                 in
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 in
                 case
                 his
                 Ship
                 pérish'd
                 .
                 A
                 great
                 Hurry
                 and
                 Confusion
                 there
                 was
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 Men
                 strove
                 with
                 the
                 Violence
                 of
                 the
                 Waves
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 River
                 overmatch'd
                 both
                 their
                 Strength
                 and
                 Skill
                 .
                 Yet
                 the
                 King
                 with
                 great
                 difficulty
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 was
                 at
                 length
                 brought
                 to
                 land
                 .
                 Being
                 thus
                 unexpectedly
                 preserv'd
                 ,
                 he
                 sacrific'd
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 for
                 his
                 Deliverance
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 ,
                 like
                 another
                 Achilles
                 ,
                 conquer'd
                 the
                 River
                 it self
                 .
                 Thence
                 he
                 march'd
                 against
                 the
                 *
                 Oxydracans
                 and
                 Mallians
                 ,
                 populous
                 and
                 warlike
                 Nations
                 of
                 India
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 found
                 ready
                 prepar'd
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 above
                 Fourscore
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 Seven
                 hundred
                 Chariots
                 .
                 These
                 People
                 were
                 at
                 War
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 King
                 came
                 amongst
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 terrify'd
                 at
                 his
                 approach
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 agree
                 and
                 confederate
                 against
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 Confirmation
                 of
                 their
                 League
                 ,
                 they
                 mutually
                 dispos'd
                 of
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Virgins
                 in
                 Marriage
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 entred
                 into
                 Affinity
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 they
                 came
                 not
                 against
                 him
                 with
                 their
                 Armies
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 but
                 afterwards
                 fell
                 at
                 variance
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 concerning
                 the
                 Chief
                 Command
                 ,
                 and
                 slipt
                 away
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 into
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Cities
                 .
                 Alexander
                 approaching
                 to
                 the
                 Capital
                 *
                 City
                 ,
                 design'd
                 without
                 any
                 further
                 delay
                 to
                 assault
                 it
                 :
                 But
                 one
                 Demophoon
                 a
                 Soothsayer
                 ,
                 disswaded
                 the
                 King
                 from
                 his
                 Purpose
                 ,
                 alledging
                 ,
                 That
                 by
                 certain
                 Signs
                 and
                 Prodigies
                 (
                 by
                 him
                 observ'd
                 )
                 were
                 portended
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 would
                 be
                 in
                 extream
                 danger
                 by
                 a
                 Wound
                 receiv'd
                 in
                 this
                 Siege
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 intreated
                 him
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 wave
                 this
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 apply
                 himself
                 to
                 some
                 other
                 Affair
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 very
                 angry
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 discourag'd
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ;
                 therefore
                 preparing
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 an
                 Assault
                 ,
                 he
                 himself
                 led
                 up
                 his
                 Men
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 undaunted
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 eager
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Place
                 by
                 force
                 .
                 His
                 Men
                 being
                 slow
                 in
                 fixing
                 the
                 Engines
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 )
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 broke
                 through
                 the
                 Gate
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 many
                 were
                 hewn
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 fled
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 pursu'd
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Castle
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 came
                 not
                 on
                 so
                 roundly
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Assault
                 as
                 he
                 expected
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 a
                 Scaling-Ladder
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Castle-Wall
                 ,
                 and
                 holding
                 his
                 Buckler
                 over
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 mounted
                 the
                 Ladder
                 ;
                 and
                 was
                 so
                 quick
                 ,
                 that
                 before
                 they
                 within
                 could
                 force
                 him
                 back
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Wall.
                 None
                 of
                 the
                 Indians
                 durst
                 engage
                 him
                 hand
                 to
                 hand
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 so
                 ply'd
                 him
                 with
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 overprest
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 had
                 apply'd
                 two
                 Scaling-Ladders
                 ;
                 but
                 two
                 many
                 thronging
                 up
                 at
                 once
                 ,
                 the
                 Ladders
                 broke
                 ,
                 and
                 down
                 they
                 all
                 fell
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 being
                 then
                 left
                 without
                 all
                 hope
                 of
                 Relief
                 ,
                 was
                 so
                 desperate
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 did
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 worth
                 special
                 remark
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 incredible
                 :
                 For
                 looking
                 upon
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 diminution
                 of
                 his
                 Glory
                 to
                 make
                 back
                 down
                 amongst
                 his
                 own
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 he
                 leapt
                 off
                 the
                 Wall
                 with
                 his
                 Arms
                 in
                 his
                 hand
                 into
                 the
                 *
                 Town
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 Indians
                 came
                 rushing
                 upon
                 him
                 in
                 droves
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 their
                 Assault
                 with
                 great
                 Resolution
                 :
                 For
                 having
                 a
                 Tree
                 which
                 grew
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Wall
                 on
                 his
                 right
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Wall
                 on
                 his
                 left
                 ,
                 he
                 more
                 easily
                 defended
                 himself
                 ,
                 standing
                 his
                 ground
                 with
                 that
                 Courage
                 and
                 Resolution
                 as
                 became
                 a
                 King
                 that
                 had
                 perform'd
                 such
                 Noble
                 Acts
                 ,
                 coveting
                 to
                 end
                 his
                 Days
                 by
                 a
                 glorious
                 and
                 honourable
                 Death
                 .
                 Having
                 now
                 receiv'd
                 many
                 Cuts
                 upon
                 his
                 Helmet
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 on
                 his
                 
                 Sh●eld
                 :
                 At
                 length
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 so
                 grievous
                 a
                 Wound
                 under
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Paps
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 brought
                 him
                 down
                 upon
                 his
                 Knees
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Indian
                 that
                 wounded
                 him
                 ran
                 (
                 heedlesly
                 )
                 upon
                 him
                 to
                 give
                 him
                 another
                 Blow
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 King
                 thrust
                 his
                 Sword
                 through
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 he
                 fell
                 down
                 dead
                 .
                 Then
                 raising
                 himself
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 a
                 Bough
                 of
                 the
                 Tree
                 ,
                 he
                 challeng'd
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Indians
                 that
                 had
                 a
                 mind
                 to
                 fight
                 with
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 his
                 relief
                 Peucestes
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Guard
                 ,
                 being
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 by
                 other
                 Ladders
                 had
                 scal'd
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 him
                 came
                 several
                 others
                 ;
                 so
                 
                 that
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 being
                 now
                 in
                 a
                 fright
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 was
                 at
                 length
                 preserv'd
                 and
                 rescu'd
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 City
                 being
                 thus
                 taken
                 ,
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 (
                 being
                 enrag'd
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 )
                 put
                 all
                 the
                 Men
                 they
                 sound
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 fill'd
                 every
                 place
                 with
                 dead
                 Carcasses
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 King
                 lay
                 ill
                 of
                 his
                 Wound
                 ,
                 the
                 Grecians
                 that
                 were
                 distributed
                 into
                 several
                 Colonies
                 throughout
                 Bactria
                 and
                 Sogdiana
                 (
                 having
                 for
                 a
                 considerable
                 
                 time
                 before
                 grudg'd
                 their
                 Plantations
                 amongst
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 encourag'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Report
                 that
                 Alexander
                 was
                 dead
                 of
                 his
                 Wound
                 )
                 rebell'd
                 against
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 together
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 about
                 Three
                 thousand
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour'd
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Might
                 to
                 return
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ;
                 but
                 were
                 every
                 Man
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Alexander
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 King
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 was
                 recover'd
                 of
                 his
                 Wound
                 ,
                 appointed
                 a
                 solemn
                 Sacrifice
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 give
                 Thanks
                 for
                 his
                 Recovery
                 ,
                 and
                 sumptuously
                 feasted
                 all
                 his
                 Friends
                 .
                 In
                 his
                 Feasting
                 and
                 Drinking
                 there
                 happen'd
                 a
                 Passage
                 very
                 remarkable
                 ,
                 and
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 notice
                 of
                 :
                 Amongst
                 other
                 Friends
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 one
                 Coragus
                 a
                 Macedonian
                 invited
                 ,
                 a
                 strong
                 body'd
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 that
                 had
                 often
                 behav'd
                 himself
                 with
                 great
                 Gallantry
                 in
                 several
                 Encounters
                 .
                 This
                 Man
                 in
                 his
                 Cups
                 challeng'd
                 one
                 Dioxippus
                 an
                 Athenian
                 to
                 fight
                 a
                 
                 Duel
                 ;
                 who
                 was
                 a
                 Champion
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 won
                 many
                 Noble
                 Prizes
                 and
                 Victories
                 .
                 The
                 matter
                 was
                 push'd
                 on
                 forward
                 by
                 the
                 Guests
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 usual
                 at
                 such
                 times
                 .
                 Dioxippus
                 accepted
                 the
                 Challenge
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 King
                 appointed
                 the
                 Day
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 day
                 ,
                 many
                 thousands
                 of
                 People
                 slock'd
                 together
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Combat
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 favour'd
                 Coragus
                 ;
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
                 wish'd
                 well
                 to
                 Dioxippus
                 .
                 The
                 Macedonian
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 List
                 neatly
                 accoutred
                 ,
                 glittering
                 in
                 his
                 Arms.
                 The
                 Athenian
                 presented
                 himself
                 stark
                 naked
                 all
                 over
                 anointed
                 with
                 Oil
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Cap
                 upon
                 his
                 Head.
                 Their
                 Persons
                 were
                 both
                 so
                 admirable
                 for
                 Strength
                 of
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 Presence
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 seem'd
                 as
                 if
                 two
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 were
                 to
                 fight
                 a
                 Duel
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 for
                 his
                 Stature
                 and
                 Brightness
                 of
                 his
                 Arms
                 ,
                 look'd
                 like
                 
                   Mars
                   .
                   Dioxippus
                
                 (
                 besides
                 his
                 being
                 the
                 stronger
                 Man
                 )
                 in
                 his
                 carrying
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Club
                 ,
                 and
                 Activity
                 in
                 Feats
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 resembled
                 Hercules
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 both
                 advanc'd
                 one
                 towards
                 another
                 :
                 The
                 Macedonian
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 near
                 ,
                 cast
                 his
                 Javelin
                 at
                 Dioxippus
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 declin'd
                 by
                 a
                 little
                 motion
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 .
                 Then
                 Coragus
                 presently
                 made
                 at
                 him
                 with
                 his
                 Macedonian
                 *
                 Sarissa
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 other
                 (
                 advancing
                 forward
                 )
                 broke
                 in
                 pieces
                 with
                 his
                 Truncheon
                 .
                 The
                 Macedonian
                 thus
                 twice
                 defeated
                 ,
                 betook
                 to
                 his
                 Sword
                 ;
                 but
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 drawing
                 it
                 ,
                 his
                 Adversary
                 made
                 a
                 Sally
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 prevented
                 him
                 ;
                 catching
                 hold
                 on
                 his
                 Arm
                 with
                 his
                 left
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 him
                 such
                 a
                 Blow
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 laid
                 him
                 at
                 his
                 feet
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 him
                 upon
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 he
                 set
                 his
                 Foot
                 upon
                 his
                 Neck
                 ,
                 and
                 lifting
                 up
                 himself
                 ,
                 he
                 turn'd
                 about
                 to
                 the
                 Spectators
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 People
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 Shout
                 ,
                 in
                 admiration
                 of
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 Strength
                 and
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Man.
                 But
                 the
                 King
                 order'd
                 him
                 that
                 was
                 foil'd
                 to
                 be
                 let
                 go
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 Broke
                 up
                 the
                 Assembly
                 ;
                 and
                 departed
                 ,
                 not
                 very
                 well
                 pleas'd
                 at
                 the
                 Misfortune
                 of
                 his
                 Country-man
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Doxippus
                 having
                 now
                 discharg'd
                 his
                 Adversary
                 ,
                 went
                 off
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 his
                 famous
                 and
                 remarkable
                 Victory
                 ,
                 his
                 Country-men
                 set
                 a
                 Coronet
                 upon
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 as
                 One
                 that
                 had
                 advanc'd
                 the
                 Honour
                 and
                 Reputation
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
                 But
                 Fortune
                 suffer'd
                 not
                 the
                 Man
                 to
                 rejoice
                 long
                 in
                 his
                 Victory
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 King
                 ever
                 after
                 bore
                 a
                 Grudge
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 King's
                 Friends
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Courtiers
                 envy'd
                 him
                 :
                 Therefore
                 they
                 persuaded
                 one
                 that
                 waited
                 at
                 the
                 Table
                 ,
                 to
                 put
                 a
                 golden
                 Cup
                 under
                 his
                 Cushion
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Feast
                 a
                 Complaint
                 was
                 made
                 that
                 the
                 Cup
                 was
                 stollen
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 search
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Cup
                 pretended
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 with
                 Dioxippus
                 :
                 By
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 greatly
                 disgrac'd
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 out
                 of
                 Countenance
                 :
                 And
                 seeing
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 came
                 ●locking
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 
                 arose
                 from
                 the
                 Table
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 to
                 his
                 Lodging
                 .
                 But
                 shortly
                 after
                 ,
                 he
                 wrote
                 a
                 Letter
                 to
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 complaining
                 of
                 the
                 foul
                 Contrivances
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 against
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 deliver'd
                 it
                 to
                 his
                 Servants
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 handed
                 carefully
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 he
                 
                 murder'd
                 himself
                 .
              
               
               
                 It
                 was
                 certainly
                 an
                 imprudent
                 Act
                 in
                 him
                 to
                 fight
                 with
                 a
                 Macedonian
                 ,
                 but
                 far
                 more
                 Folly
                 in
                 him
                 to
                 destroy
                 himself
                 :
                 Therefore
                 many
                 who
                 blam'd
                 him
                 for
                 this
                 piece
                 of
                 Madness
                 ,
                 added
                 this
                 to
                 his
                 further
                 Disgrace
                 :
                 
                   That
                   a
                   great
                   Body
                   and
                   a
                   great
                   Wit
                   seldom
                   meet
                   together
                   .
                
                 When
                 the
                 King
                 read
                 the
                 Letter
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 exceedingly
                 troubled
                 at
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 often
                 commend
                 him
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 who
                 undervalu'd
                 him
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 alive
                 ,
                 now
                 in
                 vain
                 wish'd
                 for
                 him
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 dead
                 ;
                 and
                 came
                 perfectly
                 to
                 understand
                 the
                 Honesty
                 of
                 the
                 Man
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Knavery
                 of
                 his
                 Accusers
                 and
                 Slanderers
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 King
                 order'd
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 march
                 along
                 the
                 Bank
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 River
                 ,
                 over
                 against
                 his
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 began
                 again
                 to
                 sail
                 down
                 into
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 his
                 Passage
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Sambestans
                 .
                 These
                 People
                 for
                 Number
                 and
                 Courage
                 are
                 nothing
                 
                 inferior
                 to
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Indians
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Cities
                 are
                 Democratical
                 in
                 their
                 Government
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 intelligence
                 of
                 the
                 approach
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 they
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 Threescore
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 Six
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Chariots
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 Fleet
                 drew
                 near
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 the
                 strangeness
                 of
                 the
                 Sight
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Fame
                 and
                 Glory
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 which
                 was
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 in
                 all
                 Places
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Old
                 
                 Men
                 among
                 them
                 dissuaded
                 them
                 from
                 vent'ring
                 a
                 Battel
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 they
                 sent
                 Fifty
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Qua●ity
                 ,
                 as
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Alexander
                 to
                 pray
                 his
                 Favour
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 (
                 upon
                 the
                 Address
                 made
                 to
                 him
                 )
                 granted
                 them
                 Peace
                 as
                 they
                 desir'd
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 large
                 and
                 honourable
                 Presents
                 (
                 becoming
                 a
                 Demy-god
                 )
                 from
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Submission
                 of
                 the
                 Sodrans
                 and
                 Massanians
                 ,
                 who
                 border'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 the
                 River
                 .
                 Here
                 
                 Alexander
                 built
                 another
                 City
                 call'd
                 Alexandria
                 ,
                 near
                 the
                 *
                 River
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 it
                 with
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 **
                 Musicanus
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 took
                 and
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 subdu'd
                 his
                 Country
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 †
                 Territory
                 of
                 Porticanus
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 two
                 Cities
                 upon
                 the
                 first
                 Assault
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 the
                 Spoil
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 burnt
                 them
                 .
                 Porticanus
                 who
                 had
                 fled
                 for
                 shelter
                 into
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 was
                 kill'd
                 fighting
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Defence
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 took
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 within
                 his
                 Dominion
                 by
                 Assault
                 ;
                 and
                 raz'd
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 which
                 struck
                 a
                 great
                 Terror
                 into
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 Next
                 he
                 wasted
                 the
                 *
                 Territories
                 of
                 Sambus
                 ,
                 razing
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 selling
                 the
                 Citizens
                 for
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 above
                 Fourscore
                 thousand
                 Barbarians
                 .
                 These
                 were
                 the
                 Plagues
                 the
                 Brachmans
                 suffer'd
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 rest
                 who
                 submitted
                 (
                 except
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 the
                 Authors
                 and
                 Ring-leaders
                 of
                 the
                 Defection
                 )
                 he
                 Pardon'd
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 King
                 Sambus
                 got
                 away
                 with
                 Thirty
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 furthest
                 Parts
                 beyond
                 the
                 River
                 Indus
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 escap'd
                 .
              
               
                 Amongst
                 the
                 Brachmans
                 the
                 last
                 City
                 attempted
                 was
                 †
                 Harmatelia
                 ,
                 which
                 greatly
                 confided
                 in
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 its
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 its
                 Situation
                 .
                 Here
                 the
                 King
                 commanded
                 some
                 few
                 of
                 his
                 Party
                 to
                 go
                 up
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 provoke
                 the
                 Citizens
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 to
                 make
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 fled
                 ;
                 thereupon
                 Five
                 hundred
                 approach'd
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Walls
                 ,
                 who
                 for
                 their
                 inconsiderable
                 Number
                 were
                 contemn'd
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 Three
                 thousand
                 therefore
                 made
                 a
                 Sally
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 whhreupon
                 they
                 took
                 to
                 their
                 Heels
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Fright
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 King
                 with
                 some
                 few
                 of
                 his
                 Troops
                 ,
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Backs
                 of
                 the
                 Pursuers
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 smart
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 were
                 kill'd
                 and
                 taken
                 .
                 But
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 kill'd
                 and
                 wounded
                 on
                 the
                 King's
                 side
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 desperate
                 Condition
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 had
                 poyson'd
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 their
                 Weapons
                 with
                 a
                 deadly
                 Poyson
                 ,
                 which
                 made
                 
                 them
                 more
                 Courageous
                 and
                 forward
                 to
                 Engage
                 with
                 the
                 King.
                 This
                 strong
                 Poyson
                 is
                 made
                 of
                 certain
                 Serpents
                 taken
                 by
                 Hunting
                 ,
                 which
                 after
                 they
                 are
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 they
                 lay
                 out
                 and
                 expose
                 to
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ;
                 where
                 the
                 Heat
                 does
                 so
                 fry
                 their
                 Flesh
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 melting
                 away
                 ,
                 from
                 which
                 distills
                 a
                 sweaty
                 Moisture
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 Poyson
                 of
                 the
                 Beast
                 is
                 convey'd
                 ,
                 and
                 may
                 be
                 discern'd
                 .
                 The
                 Working
                 of
                 this
                 Poyson
                 is
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Benumm'dness
                 and
                 Stupidity
                 presently
                 seizes
                 upon
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 him
                 that
                 is
                 wounded
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 follows
                 most
                 tormenting
                 Pains
                 ,
                 Convulsions
                 and
                 Trembling
                 ,
                 wrecking
                 every
                 Member
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 .
                 The
                 Skin
                 grows
                 excessive
                 Cold
                 and
                 Black
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Party
                 vomits
                 black
                 Choler
                 :
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 a
                 black
                 frothy
                 Matter
                 flows
                 from
                 the
                 Wound
                 ,
                 which
                 causes
                 Putrefaction
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 spreads
                 all
                 over
                 the
                 principal
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 Party
                 dies
                 in
                 a
                 most
                 Miserable
                 manner
                 .
                 And
                 hence
                 it
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 that
                 was
                 never
                 so
                 
                 slightly
                 touch'd
                 ,
                 was
                 as
                 much
                 tormented
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 that
                 had
                 the
                 greatest
                 Wounds
                 .
                 After
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 thus
                 wounded
                 were
                 dead
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 griev'd
                 for
                 none
                 so
                 much
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 did
                 for
                 the
                 Misfortune
                 of
                 Ptolemy
                 (
                 who
                 Reign'd
                 afterwards
                 )
                 and
                 whom
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 he
                 dearly
                 lov'd
                 .
                 There
                 happen'd
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 something
                 extraordinary
                 remarkable
                 in
                 reference
                 to
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 which
                 some
                 ascribe
                 to
                 the
                 special
                 Providence
                 of
                 God.
                 He
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 that
                 was
                 belov'd
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 and
                 his
                 wonderful
                 obliging
                 Carriage
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 met
                 with
                 a
                 Cureworthy
                 *
                 his
                 kind
                 and
                 gracious
                 Disposition
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 dreamt
                 
                 that
                 he
                 saw
                 a
                 Serpent
                 with
                 an
                 Herb
                 in
                 his
                 Mouth
                 ,
                 which
                 told
                 him
                 the
                 Nature
                 and
                 Efficacy
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 it
                 grew
                 :
                 When
                 he
                 awoke
                 ,
                 he
                 presently
                 search'd
                 for
                 the
                 Herb
                 and
                 found
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 bruis'd
                 it
                 made
                 a
                 Pultice
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 apply'd
                 it
                 to
                 
                 Ptolemy's
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 him
                 a
                 Potion
                 of
                 the
                 Juice
                 of
                 the
                 Plant
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 restor'd
                 him
                 to
                 perfect
                 Health
                 .
                 Others
                 also
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 know
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Use
                 of
                 the
                 Herb
                 ,
                 were
                 cur'd
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 means
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 Alexander
                 now
                 began
                 to
                 apply
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Harmotelia
                 ,
                 a
                 strong
                 and
                 well
                 fenc'd
                 City
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 came
                 all
                 forth
                 to
                 him
                 and
                 begg'd
                 his
                 Pardon
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 themselves
                 and
                 their
                 City
                 into
                 his
                 Hands
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 escap'd
                 Punishment
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 sailing
                 with
                 his
                 familiar
                 Friends
                 into
                 the
                 Main
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 he
                 found
                 two
                 Islands
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 offer'd
                 most
                 magnificent
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 and
                 threw
                 many
                 Golden
                 Cups
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Value
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Drink-Offerings
                 into
                 the
                 Sea.
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 having
                 rear'd
                 up
                 Altars
                 to
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 Tethys
                 and
                 Oceanus
                 ,
                 (
                 supposing
                 now
                 he
                 had
                 finish'd
                 the
                 Voyage
                 he
                 intended
                 )
                 he
                 return'd
                 with
                 the
                 Fleet
                 up
                 his
                 *
                 River
                 ,
                 and
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 the
                 famous
                 City
                 **
                 Hyala
                 .
                 This
                 City
                 is
                 under
                 the
                 same
                 form
                 of
                 Government
                 with
                 that
                 of
                 Lacedaemon
                 :
                 For
                 there
                 were
                 two
                 Kings
                 of
                 two
                 several
                 Families
                 ,
                 succeeding
                 in
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 the
                 Management
                 and
                 Administration
                 of
                 their
                 Wars
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 chief
                 Authority
                 in
                 Civil
                 Affairs
                 resided
                 in
                 the
                 Senate
                 .
                 Here
                 Alexander
                 burnt
                 all
                 the
                 Ships
                 that
                 were
                 Leaky
                 and
                 Defective
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Fleet
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 *
                 Nearchus
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Command
                 to
                 sail
                 all
                 along
                 the
                 Sea-coast
                 ,
                 and
                 diligently
                 observe
                 every
                 Place
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Entrance
                 into
                 the
                 River
                 Euphrates
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 rais'd
                 his
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 a
                 long
                 way
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 subduing
                 all
                 that
                 oppos'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 using
                 them
                 kindly
                 that
                 submitted
                 to
                 him
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Abitra
                 and
                 Gedrosia
                 he
                 brought
                 to
                 Submission
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Hazard
                 or
                 Difficulty
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 marching
                 through
                 many
                 Tracts
                 of
                 Land
                 destitute
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 Desarts
                 ,
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 Neoridis
                 .
                 There
                 he
                 divided
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 three
                 Brigades
                 ;
                 the
                 one
                 he
                 gave
                 to
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 to
                 Leonatus
                 ;
                 the
                 former
                 he
                 comanded
                 to
                 harrass
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 the
                 Midland
                 and
                 Champian
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoiled
                 the
                 Hill
                 Country
                 and
                 Mountanous
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Places
                 thereunto
                 adjoyning
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 many
                 Countries
                 being
                 Invaded
                 all
                 at
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 all
                 Places
                 were
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Rapine
                 ,
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 Sword
                 ;
                 whence
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 loaded
                 with
                 rich
                 Booty
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 Thousands
                 perish'd
                 by
                 the
                 Sword.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 bordering
                 Nations
                 being
                 terrify'd
                 by
                 this
                 Destruction
                 of
                 People
                 ,
                 all
                 deliver'd
                 themselves
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 *
                 .
                 Here
                 the
                 King
                 having
                 a
                 desire
                 to
                 build
                 a
                 City
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 found
                 a
                 safe
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 convenient
                 Place
                 near
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 built
                 one
                 accordingly
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 it
                 Alexandria
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 entred
                 through
                 ways
                 made
                 
                 by
                 his
                 Pioneers
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Neoritans
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 forc'd
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 submit
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 People
                 are
                 like
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Indians
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 Laws
                 and
                 Manners
                 ,
                 except
                 in
                 one
                 thing
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 almost
                 Incredible
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Kindred
                 and
                 Relations
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 
                 are
                 Dead
                 (
                 all
                 stark
                 Naked
                 with
                 their
                 Lances
                 in
                 their
                 Hands
                 )
                 carry
                 forth
                 the
                 Dead
                 Bodies
                 
                 into
                 some
                 Wood
                 or
                 other
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 strip
                 the
                 Dead
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 burying
                 Clothes
                 and
                 other
                 Ornaments
                 ,
                 and
                 leave
                 the
                 Body
                 to
                 be
                 Food
                 for
                 the
                 Wild
                 Beasts
                 :
                 Then
                 they
                 divide
                 his
                 Garments
                 ,
                 and
                 Sacrifice
                 to
                 the
                 Subterraneous
                 Heroes
                 ,
                 and
                 Feast
                 all
                 their
                 Friends
                 .
              
               
                 Alexander
                 afterwards
                 marched
                 into
                 Gedrosia
                 ,
                 all
                 along
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coast
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 at
                 length
                 among
                 a
                 most
                 rude
                 and
                 savage
                 People
                 .
                 From
                 their
                 very
                 Birth
                 to
                 their
                 old
                 Age
                 they
                 never
                 
                 cut
                 their
                 Nails
                 ,
                 but
                 suffer
                 them
                 still
                 to
                 grow
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Hair
                 of
                 their
                 Heads
                 all
                 grow
                 in
                 Locks
                 ,
                 never
                 comb'd
                 out
                 .
                 They
                 're
                 of
                 a
                 swarthy
                 Complexion
                 ,
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 parching
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 )
                 and
                 cloath
                 themselves
                 with
                 the
                 Skins
                 of
                 Wild
                 Beasts
                 .
                 They
                 feed
                 upon
                 the
                 Flesh
                 of
                 Whales
                 cast
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 Sea.
                 In
                 building
                 of
                 their
                 Houses
                 and
                 Cottages
                 ,
                 they
                 raise
                 up
                 their
                 Walls
                 as
                 is
                 usual
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Roofs
                 are
                 laid
                 with
                 the
                 Rib-bones
                 of
                 Whales
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 they
                 have
                 Summers
                 and
                 Beams
                 eighteen
                 Cubits
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 Tiles
                 they
                 use
                 the
                 Whales
                 Scales
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Alexander
                 with
                 great
                 Toil
                 had
                 march'd
                 through
                 this
                 Country
                 ,
                 he
                 came
                 into
                 a
                 
                 desolate
                 Wilderness
                 ,
                 where
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 for
                 the
                 support
                 of
                 Man's
                 Life
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 many
                 dying
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Food
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 was
                 not
                 only
                 altogether
                 discourag'd
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 King
                 himself
                 was
                 then
                 over-whelm'd
                 with
                 unusual
                 Sorrow
                 and
                 Anxiety
                 of
                 Mind
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 look'd
                 upon
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 most
                 Miserable
                 thing
                 that
                 those
                 who
                 by
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 had
                 conquer'd
                 all
                 where
                 ever
                 they
                 came
                 ,
                 should
                 now
                 ingloriously
                 Perish
                 for
                 want
                 
                 of
                 Bread
                 in
                 a
                 Barren
                 Wilderness
                 .
                 Therefore
                 he
                 sent
                 away
                 the
                 swiftest
                 Courriers
                 he
                 could
                 find
                 into
                 
                   Parthia
                   ,
                   Drangina
                   ,
                   Aria
                
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 bordering
                 Countries
                 ,
                 with
                 order
                 ,
                 that
                 with
                 all
                 
                 speed
                 they
                 should
                 meet
                 him
                 upon
                 the
                 Border
                 of
                 Carmania
                 ,
                 with
                 Dromedary
                 Camels
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Beasts
                 of
                 Burden
                 ,
                 loaden
                 with
                 Bread
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 necessary
                 Provisions
                 ;
                 who
                 hasted
                 away
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 commanded
                 ,
                 and
                 procur'd
                 the
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 to
                 dispatch
                 abundance
                 of
                 Provision
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 appointed
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 extream
                 Scarcity
                 Alexander
                 lost
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 Mischief
                 he
                 met
                 with
                 in
                 this
                 Expedition
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 marching
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Mountaineers
                 fell
                 upon
                 Leonatus
                 his
                 Squadron
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 made
                 back
                 to
                 their
                 Countrymen
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 was
                 another
                 Loss
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 they
                 had
                 at
                 length
                 ,
                 with
                 very
                 great
                 Difficulties
                 and
                 Hardships
                 past
                 through
                 this
                 Desart
                 ,
                 they
                 came
                 into
                 a
                 Rich
                 and
                 Populous
                 Country
                 *
                 ;
                 Here
                 he
                 randezvous'd
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 refresh'd
                 themselves
                 celebrated
                 a
                 Feast
                 to
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 and
                 dress'd
                 up
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 shew
                 like
                 a
                 Pageant
                 ,
                 he
                 led
                 the
                 Darice
                 before
                 his
                 Army
                 (
                 who
                 march'd
                 likewise
                 in
                 great
                 Pomp
                 and
                 State
                 )
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Seven
                 days
                 together
                 ,
                 spending
                 all
                 that
                 time
                 in
                 Revelling
                 and
                 Drunkenness
                 all
                 along
                 the
                 way
                 as
                 he
                 went.
                 
              
               
                 When
                 this
                 was
                 over
                 ,
                 hearing
                 that
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Officers
                 and
                 Governors
                 of
                 Provinces
                 had
                 
                 abus'd
                 their
                 Power
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Oppression
                 and
                 Injury
                 of
                 many
                 ,
                 he
                 punish'd
                 them
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Demerits
                 .
                 Which
                 Severity
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 's
                 being
                 spread
                 abroad
                 ,
                 many
                 who
                 were
                 conscious
                 of
                 being
                 guilty
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Crimes
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 fear
                 the
                 same
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 some
                 who
                 commanded
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 Defection
                 ;
                 others
                 pick'd
                 up
                 what
                 Moneys
                 they
                 could
                 ,
                 and
                 fled
                 :
                 Of
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 receiving
                 intelligence
                 ,
                 he
                 writ
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Governors
                 and
                 Lord-Lieutenants
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 had
                 read
                 his
                 Letters
                 they
                 should
                 without
                 further
                 delay
                 disband
                 all
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 at
                 *
                 Salmuntes
                 ,
                 a
                 Sea
                 port
                 Town
                 ,
                 busie
                 in
                 making
                 Stage
                 Plays
                 :
                 Those
                 who
                 were
                 sent
                 to
                 examine
                 all
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 ,
                 arriv'd
                 with
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 who
                 forthwith
                 went
                 into
                 the
                 Theatre
                 and
                 address'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 made
                 their
                 Obeysance
                 ,
                 they
                 acquainted
                 him
                 with
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 done
                 .
                 The
                 Macedonians
                 so
                 rejoic'd
                 at
                 their
                 Return
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 a
                 Testimony
                 of
                 their
                 joy
                 they
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 Acclamation
                 ,
                 and
                 fill'd
                 the
                 whole
                 Theatre
                 with
                 Exultations
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 return'd
                 from
                 the
                 Voyage
                 ,
                 told
                 him
                 ,
                 There
                 were
                 wonderful
                 Tides
                 of
                 Ebbing
                 and
                 Flowing
                 in
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 at
                 low
                 Water
                 in
                 the
                 furthest
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 there
                 appear'd
                 very
                 
                 many
                 great
                 Islands
                 ,
                 which
                 at
                 the
                 return
                 of
                 the
                 Tide
                 are
                 all
                 again
                 laid
                 under
                 Water
                 ,
                 while
                 a
                 most
                 Fierce
                 and
                 violent
                 Wind
                 comes
                 off
                 from
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Continent
                 ,
                 and
                 causes
                 the
                 Water
                 to
                 be
                 all
                 over
                 on
                 a
                 Foam
                 :
                 And
                 as
                 the
                 greatest
                 Wonder
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 they
                 declar'd
                 they
                 met
                 with
                 Whales
                 of
                 an
                 incredible
                 Magnitude
                 ;
                 which
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 so
                 terrify'd
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 
                 they
                 look'd
                 upon
                 themselves
                 as
                 lost
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 and
                 all
                 their
                 Ships
                 must
                 in
                 a
                 Moment
                 perish
                 together
                 :
                 But
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 at
                 once
                 setting
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 shout
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 a
                 Noise
                 by
                 striking
                 upon
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 sounding
                 of
                 Trumpets
                 ,
                 the
                 monstrous
                 Creatures
                 were
                 so
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 a
                 thing
                 so
                 unusual
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 Bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Deep
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 heard
                 the
                 Relation
                 ,
                 he
                 order'd
                 the
                 Sea
                 Officers
                 to
                 sail
                 with
                 the
                 
                 Fleet
                 to
                 Euphrates
                 ,
                 And
                 he
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 marching
                 through
                 many
                 Countries
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 came
                 at
                 last
                 to
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 Susiana
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 time
                 Calanus
                 ,
                 an
                 Indian
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 Philosopher
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 honour'd
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 ended
                 his
                 days
                 in
                 a
                 wonderful
                 manner
                 .
                 Having
                 now
                 liv'd
                 to
                 be
                 Seventy
                 three
                 years
                 old
                 ;
                 and
                 during
                 all
                 that
                 
                 time
                 never
                 knew
                 what
                 Sickness
                 or
                 the
                 least
                 Distemper
                 meant
                 ,
                 he
                 purpos'd
                 to
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Life
                 ;
                 supposing
                 that
                 now
                 both
                 Nature
                 and
                 Fortune
                 had
                 brought
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 Bounds
                 of
                 his
                 Felicity
                 and
                 well-being
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 Being
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 therefore
                 with
                 Sickness
                 ,
                 which
                 grew
                 upon
                 him
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 every
                 day
                 ,
                 he
                 desir'd
                 the
                 King
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 order
                 a
                 great
                 Funeral
                 Pile
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 plac'd
                 himself
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Servants
                 should
                 set
                 it
                 on
                 fire
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 at
                 first
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 dissuade
                 him
                 from
                 this
                 Purpose
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 mov'd
                 ,
                 he
                 promis'd
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 done
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 desir'd
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 thing
                 presently
                 spread
                 abroad
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Pile
                 was
                 finish'd
                 ,
                 multitudes
                 of
                 People
                 flock'd
                 to
                 see
                 this
                 strange
                 Sight
                 :
                 And
                 there
                 Calanus
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Rules
                 and
                 Dictates
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Opinion
                 )
                 with
                 great
                 Courage
                 ascended
                 the
                 Pile
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 he
                 and
                 it
                 were
                 consum'd
                 together
                 .
                 Some
                 that
                 were
                 present
                 judg'd
                 this
                 Act
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 effect
                 of
                 Madness
                 ,
                 others
                 nothing
                 else
                 but
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Vain-glory
                 :
                 Though
                 some
                 there
                 were
                 that
                 admir'd
                 his
                 Noble
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 Contempt
                 of
                 Death
                 ;
                 And
                 the
                 King
                 caus'd
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 honourably
                 bury'd
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Alexander
                 came
                 to
                 Susa
                 ,
                 he
                 marry'd
                 
                   Statira
                   ,
                   Darius
                
                 his
                 Eldest
                 Daughter
                 .
                 Drypetis
                 ,
                 the
                 Younger
                 ,
                 he
                 marry'd
                 to
                 Hephestion
                 :
                 He
                 gave
                 also
                 Wives
                 to
                 the
                 Chiefest
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 marry'd
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Noblest
                 Ladies
                 of
                 Persia
                 .
              
               
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 Persians
                 (
                 very
                 Proper
                 and
                 handsom
                 young
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 of
                 strong
                 Bodies
                 )
                 came
                 to
                 Susa
                 .
                 These
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 King's
                 Command
                 ,
                 had
                 for
                 some
                 considerable
                 time
                 been
                 getting
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 been
                 train'd
                 up
                 by
                 their
                 Tutors
                 and
                 Governors
                 in
                 Martial
                 Discipline
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 compleatly
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Macedonian
                 Arms
                 encamp'd
                 before
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 where
                 they
                 Train'd
                 and
                 Exercis'd
                 before
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 approv'd
                 themselves
                 so
                 expert
                 in
                 the
                 Management
                 and
                 Handling
                 of
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 honour'd
                 by
                 him
                 with
                 large
                 and
                 rich
                 Gifts
                 .
                 For
                 because
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 refus'd
                 to
                 pass
                 over
                 the
                 River
                 Ganges
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 common
                 Assembly
                 would
                 many
                 times
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Bawling
                 and
                 Noise
                 oppose
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 mock
                 at
                 his
                 Descent
                 from
                 Hammon
                 ,
                 he
                 got
                 this
                 Body
                 of
                 Persians
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 all
                 about
                 the
                 same
                 Age
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 as
                 a
                 Curb
                 upon
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 *
                 Brigade
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 things
                 wherein
                 Alexander
                 employ'd
                 himself
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 During
                 this
                 Indian
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 Harpalus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 made
                 by
                 Alexander
                 Lord
                 High-Treasurer
                 of
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 almost
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 had
                 begun
                 his
                 march
                 (
                 hoping
                 he
                 would
                 never
                 return
                 )
                 gave
                 up
                 himself
                 to
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Luxury
                 and
                 Excess
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 Governor
                 
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 large
                 Province
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 ,
                 he
                 follow'd
                 a
                 lewd
                 Course
                 of
                 Forcing
                 and
                 Ravishing
                 of
                 Women
                 ,
                 and
                 committing
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 abominable
                 Acts
                 of
                 Uncleanness
                 with
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 Luxurious
                 pranks
                 of
                 Wickedness
                 he
                 wasted
                 the
                 Treasure
                 committed
                 to
                 his
                 Charge
                 .
                 He
                 order'd
                 great
                 multitudes
                 of
                 Fish
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 him
                 from
                 far
                 Countries
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 from
                 the
                 *
                 
                   Red
                   Sea
                
                 :
                 And
                 was
                 so
                 profuse
                 in
                 his
                 daily
                 Provisions
                 for
                 his
                 
                 Table
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 cry'd
                 shame
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 none
                 gave
                 him
                 a
                 good
                 Word
                 .
                 He
                 sent
                 likewise
                 for
                 a
                 famous
                 Strumpet
                 from
                 Athens
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Pythonices
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 he
                 gave
                 most
                 Princely
                 Gifts
                 whilst
                 she
                 liv'd
                 ,
                 and
                 buried
                 her
                 with
                 as
                 much
                 state
                 when
                 she
                 was
                 dead
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 for
                 her
                 a
                 most
                 magnificent
                 Monument
                 in
                 Athens
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 her
                 death
                 he
                 sent
                 for
                 another
                 Curtesan
                 out
                 of
                 Attica
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Glycera
                 ,
                 with
                 whom
                 he
                 liv'd
                 at
                 such
                 a
                 height
                 of
                 Voluptuousness
                 and
                 Expence
                 ,
                 as
                 exceeded
                 all
                 bounds
                 :
                 But
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 a
                 Refuge
                 to
                 fly
                 unto
                 ,
                 in
                 case
                 of
                 the
                 cross
                 and
                 destructive
                 Blasts
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 business
                 chiefly
                 to
                 oblige
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 when
                 Alexander
                 return'd
                 from
                 his
                 Indian
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Provincial
                 Governors
                 for
                 their
                 Male-administrations
                 ;
                 Harpalus
                 fearing
                 the
                 same
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 bagg'd
                 up
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 and
                 rais'd
                 Six
                 thousand
                 Mercenary
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 left
                 Asia
                 and
                 sail'd
                 for
                 Attica
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 perceiv'd
                 none
                 were
                 forward
                 to
                 come
                 in
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 at
                 Tenarus
                 in
                 Laconia
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Money
                 with
                 him
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 for
                 Protection
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 demanded
                 to
                 be
                 be
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 by
                 Letters
                 from
                 Antipater
                 and
                 Olympias
                 ,
                 (
                 having
                 first
                 distributed
                 large
                 Rewards
                 amongst
                 the
                 Orators
                 that
                 had
                 pleaded
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 manag'd
                 his
                 concern
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 )
                 he
                 withdrew
                 himself
                 and
                 fled
                 to
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 at
                 Tenarus
                 .
                 Thence
                 he
                 sail'd
                 to
                 Creet
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 was
                 Murther'd
                 by
                 Thimbro
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Athenians
                 likewise
                 (
                 examining
                 the
                 matter
                 concerning
                 the
                 Money
                 given
                 by
                 Harpalus
                 )
                 condemn'd
                 Demosthenes
                 ,
                 and
                 several
                 other
                 Orators
                 ,
                 for
                 being
                 corrupted
                 by
                 him
                 with
                 Bribes
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Celebration
                 of
                 the
                 Olympick
                 Games
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 publick
                 Proclamation
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 by
                 an
                 Herald
                 ,
                 That
                 all
                 Exiles
                 (
                 except
                 Robbers
                 of
                 Temples
                 and
                 Murderers
                 )
                 should
                 return
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Countries
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 himself
                 pick'd
                 out
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 of
                 the
                 Oldest
                 Soldiers
                 in
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 discharg'd
                 them
                 from
                 further
                 Service
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 inform'd
                 that
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 in
                 debt
                 ,
                 he
                 paid
                 the
                 whole
                 in
                 one
                 Day
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 value
                 of
                 no
                 less
                 then
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 carrying
                 themselves
                 with
                 great
                 Malepartness
                 towards
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 General
                 Assembly
                 with
                 Bawling
                 and
                 Noise
                 contradicting
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 enrag'd
                 and
                 sharp
                 in
                 his
                 returns
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 all
                 put
                 into
                 a
                 great
                 Fright
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 that
                 Rage
                 was
                 so
                 daring
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 leap'd
                 down
                 from
                 the
                 Tribunal
                 ,
                 and
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Ring
                 leaders
                 of
                 the
                 Mutiny
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 hands
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 *
                 Lictors
                 to
                 be
                 Executed
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 that
                 the
                 Disorders
                 and
                 Mutiny
                 still
                 encreas'd
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 such
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 Officers
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 fit
                 ,
                 and
                 preferr'd
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Commands
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 recollected
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 much
                 ado
                 to
                 regain
                 
                 Alexander's
                 favour
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 address'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 him
                 both
                 with
                 Petitions
                 and
                 Tears
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 XI
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Alexander
                   mixes
                   Twenty
                   thousand
                   Persian
                   Darters
                   with
                   his
                   Army
                   .
                   Marches
                   from
                   
                     Susa
                     .
                     Bagistames
                  
                   breeds
                   abundance
                   of
                   Horses
                   .
                   Hephestion
                   dies
                   at
                   Ecbatane
                   .
                   The
                   Lamian
                   War.
                   He
                   invades
                   the
                   Cosseans
                   .
                   Marches
                   towards
                   Babylon
                   .
                   The
                   Caldean
                   Astrologers
                   dissuade
                   him
                   from
                   coming
                   thither
                   .
                   He
                   enters
                   Babylon
                   .
                
              
               
                 AFterwards
                 when
                 Anticles
                 was
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Cornelius
                
                 and
                 
                 
                   Quintius
                   Publius
                
                 were
                 Consuls
                 at
                 
                   Rome
                   ,
                   Alexander
                
                 supply'd
                 the
                 Room
                 of
                 those
                 he
                 had
                 discharg'd
                 with
                 Persians
                 ,
                 and
                 chose
                 a
                 Thousand
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 Squires
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 conceiving
                 he
                 might
                 altogether
                 as
                 safely
                 trust
                 them
                 as
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Peucestes
                 came
                 with
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Persian
                 Darters
                 and
                 Slingers
                 ,
                 these
                 Alexander
                 intermix'd
                 amongst
                 his
                 other
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 was
                 brought
                 into
                 that
                 due
                 Constitution
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 readily
                 obedient
                 to
                 his
                 Command
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 that
                 had
                 Sons
                 by
                 the
                 Captives
                 ,
                 whom
                 upon
                 diligent
                 Enquiry
                 he
                 found
                 to
                 be
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 ,
                 and
                 appointed
                 them
                 Masters
                 to
                 instruct
                 them
                 in
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Learning
                 ,
                 and
                 allow'd
                 sufficient
                 Stipends
                 for
                 their
                 Liberal
                 Education
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 he
                 Rendevouz'd
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 away
                 from
                 Susa
                 ,
                 and
                 passing
                 the
                 River
                 
                 Tigris
                 ,
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Villages
                 call'd
                 Carrae
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 encamp'd
                 .
                 Thence
                 in
                 Four
                 Days
                 March
                 he
                 pass'd
                 through
                 Sitta
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 Sambea
                 .
                 Here
                 he
                 rested
                 Seven
                 Days
                 ,
                 and
                 refresh'd
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 Thence
                 in
                 Three
                 Days
                 he
                 march'd
                 to
                 the
                 Towns
                 call'd
                 Celonae
                 :
                 In
                 which
                 Place
                 the
                 Posterity
                 of
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 settl'd
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Xerxes
                 his
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 remain
                 unto
                 this
                 Day
                 ,
                 having
                 not
                 altogether
                 forgot
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 use
                 a
                 double
                 Language
                 ,
                 one
                 learnt
                 from
                 the
                 Natural
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 other
                 they
                 preserve
                 much
                 of
                 the
                 Greek
                 Tongue
                 ;
                 and
                 observe
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Laws
                 and
                 Customs
                 .
                 Thence
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 grew
                 towards
                 Evening
                 ,
                 he
                 decamp'd
                 ,
                 and
                 turn'd
                 aside
                 and
                 march'd
                 to
                 Bagistames
                 to
                 view
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 This
                 Country
                 abounds
                 in
                 all
                 
                 manner
                 of
                 Fruit-Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 whatever
                 else
                 conduces
                 either
                 to
                 the
                 Profit
                 or
                 Pleasure
                 of
                 Mankind
                 ;
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 it
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Place
                 of
                 Delight
                 both
                 for
                 Gods
                 and
                 Men.
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 came
                 into
                 a
                 Country
                 that
                 breeds
                 and
                 pastures
                 an
                 innumerable
                 Company
                 of
                 Horses
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 there
                 had
                 been
                 here
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 sixty
                 thousand
                 Horses
                 that
                 ran
                 at
                 Pasture
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 ;
                 but
                 at
                 the
                 coming
                 of
                 Alexander
                 there
                 were
                 only
                 Sixty
                 thousand
                 .
                 He
                 encamp'd
                 herefor
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Thirty
                 Days
                 :
                 Thence
                 in
                 seven
                 Encampments
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Echatana
                 in
                 Media
                 .
                 This
                 City
                 is
                 *
                 Two
                 hundred
                 and
                 
                 fifty
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 compass
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 of
                 all
                 Media
                 ,
                 where
                 abundance
                 of
                 Treasure
                 was
                 laid
                 up
                 .
                 Here
                 he
                 staid
                 some
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 refresh'd
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 spent
                 his
                 time
                 in
                 Feasting
                 ,
                 Drinking
                 ,
                 and
                 Stage-Plays
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 Hephestion
                 (
                 one
                 that
                 he
                 lov'd
                 above
                 all
                 others
                 )
                 fell
                 sick
                 of
                 a
                 Surfeit
                 ,
                 and
                 died
                 :
                 Whose
                 death
                 the
                 King
                 bore
                 very
                 grievously
                 ,
                 and
                 committed
                 his
                 Body
                 to
                 Perdiccas
                 to
                 be
                 carry'd
                 to
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 intended
                 to
                 bury
                 him
                 with
                 great
                 Pomp
                 and
                 State.
                 
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 acting
                 in
                 
                   Asia
                   ,
                   Greece
                
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 Tumults
                 and
                 Seditions
                 ,
                 whence
                 broke
                 out
                 the
                 War
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Lamian
                   War
                
                 ,
                 upon
                 this
                 occasion
                 :
                 After
                 the
                 King's
                 Order
                 
                 to
                 the
                 Lords
                 Lieutenants
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 to
                 disband
                 all
                 Mercenary
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 execution
                 of
                 those
                 Commands
                 ,
                 many
                 Foreiguers
                 that
                 were
                 cashier'd
                 ,
                 went
                 stragling
                 over
                 all
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Subsistence
                 ,
                 robb'd
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Country
                 till
                 they
                 all
                 came
                 into
                 one
                 Body
                 ,
                 at
                 Tenarus
                 in
                 Laconia
                 :
                 So
                 likewise
                 all
                 the
                 Governors
                 and
                 Commanders
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 ,
                 got
                 together
                 what
                 Men
                 and
                 Money
                 they
                 could
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 all
                 to
                 Tenarus
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 join'd
                 their
                 Forces
                 together
                 :
                 There
                 they
                 created
                 Leostenes
                 an
                 Athenian
                 
                 (
                 a
                 brave
                 Spirited
                 Man
                 )
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ;
                 who
                 then
                 call'd
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 Consultation
                 had
                 concerning
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 dispos'd
                 of
                 Fifty
                 Talents
                 to
                 pay
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 provided
                 Arms
                 sufficient
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 occasion
                 .
                 He
                 sent
                 likewise
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 disaffected
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 )
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 Arms.
                 And
                 thus
                 Leostenes
                 was
                 altogether
                 taken
                 up
                 in
                 necessary
                 Preparations
                 for
                 a
                 War
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 then
                 a
                 clear
                 and
                 evident
                 Prospect
                 .
              
               
                 Alexander
                 now
                 march'd
                 against
                 the
                 Cosseans
                 ,
                 who
                 refus'd
                 to
                 submit
                 to
                 his
                 Government
                 .
                 This
                 People
                 are
                 a
                 very
                 Warlike
                 Nation
                 ,
                 and
                 inhabit
                 the
                 hilly
                 and
                 mountainous
                 Parts
                 of
                 
                 Media
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 confiding
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Fastnesses
                 of
                 their
                 Coun-Country
                 ,
                 never
                 would
                 be
                 brought
                 of
                 admit
                 to
                 any
                 foreign
                 Prince
                 to
                 reign
                 over
                 them
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 were
                 never
                 subdu'd
                 ,
                 during
                 all
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 Empire
                 .
                 And
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 very
                 high
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 slighted
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 King
                 first
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Passes
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 wasted
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Cosea
                 ;
                 and
                 getting
                 the
                 better
                 in
                 every
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 many
                 more
                 Prisoners
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 the
                 Cosseans
                 being
                 worsted
                 and
                 beaten
                 in
                 every
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 greatly
                 concern'd
                 at
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 the
                 Captives
                 ,
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 redeem
                 their
                 Country
                 by
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Liberty
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 giving
                 up
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Will
                 of
                 the
                 Conqueror
                 ,
                 they
                 obtain'd
                 Peace
                 ,
                 upon
                 condition
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 Loyal
                 and
                 Obedient
                 for
                 the
                 time
                 to
                 come
                 .
                 Thus
                 Alexander
                 conquer'd
                 this
                 Nation
                 in
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 forty
                 Days
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 hadbuilt
                 some
                 Cities
                 atthe
                 most
                 difficult
                 Passes
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 away
                 .
              
               
                 Socicles
                 was
                 now
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Cornelius
                   Lentulus
                
                 and
                 Quintus
                 †
                 
                   Popilius
                   Roman
                
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 when
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Conquest
                 of
                 the
                 Cosseans
                 ,
                 march'd
                 thence
                 towards
                 Babylon
                 :
                 
                 He
                 always
                 rested
                 a
                 while
                 between
                 every
                 Decampment
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 ease
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 mov'd
                 very
                 slowly
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 was
                 about
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Furlongs
                 from
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 the
                 *
                 Caldeans
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 call'd
                 )
                 who
                 were
                 famous
                 for
                 Astrology
                 ,
                 and
                 us'd
                 to
                 prognosticate
                 future
                 Events
                 by
                 the
                 Observation
                 of
                 the
                 Stars
                 (
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 knew
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 would
                 die
                 presently
                 after
                 he
                 enter'd
                 into
                 Babylon
                 )
                 pick'd
                 out
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 ancient
                 and
                 expert
                 of
                 those
                 of
                 their
                 Profession
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 them
                 to
                 signifie
                 the
                 Danger
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Arguments
                 they
                 could
                 use
                 to
                 dissuade
                 him
                 from
                 entring
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 let
                 him
                 know
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 avoid
                 the
                 Danger
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 rebuild
                 the
                 Sepulchre
                 of
                 Belus
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Persians
                 had
                 destroy'd
                 ,
                 and
                 alter
                 his
                 Purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 pass
                 by
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 Belephentes
                 was
                 the
                 leading
                 Man
                 of
                 the
                 Caldeans
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 away
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 was
                 afraid
                 to
                 address
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 privately
                 imparted
                 all
                 to
                 Nearchus
                 (
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 's
                 familiar
                 Friends
                 )
                 and
                 desir'd
                 him
                 that
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 he
                 would
                 acquaint
                 the
                 King
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Business
                 .
                 Alexander
                 was
                 much
                 concern'd
                 when
                 Nearchus
                 told
                 him
                 what
                 the
                 Caldeans
                 had
                 prognosticated
                 ;
                 and
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 considering
                 and
                 pondering
                 in
                 his
                 Thoughts
                 the
                 Skill
                 and
                 Reputation
                 of
                 the
                 Man
                 ,
                 was
                 in
                 no
                 small
                 Consternation
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 he
                 sent
                 away
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 himself
                 turn'd
                 aside
                 another
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 pass'd
                 by
                 Babylon
                 ;
                 and
                 encamping
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Furlongs
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 he
                 there
                 rested
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 all
                 were
                 in
                 admiration
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 many
                 Philosophers
                 came
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 
                 as
                 well
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 Followers
                 of
                 Anaxagoras
                 as
                 other
                 Grecians
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 understand
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 his
                 Fear
                 ,
                 they
                 earnestly
                 oppos'd
                 what
                 was
                 said
                 ,
                 with
                 many
                 Philosophical
                 Arguments
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 convinc'd
                 and
                 chang'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 contemn'd
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Divination
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Caldeans
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 every
                 where
                 so
                 famous
                 .
                 Therefore
                 now
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 his
                 Spirit
                 before
                 wounded
                 had
                 been
                 cur'd
                 by
                 the
                 Arguments
                 of
                 Philosophers
                 ,
                 he
                 entred
                 Babylon
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 where
                 (
                 as
                 before
                 )
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 kindly
                 entertain'd
                 by
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Plenty
                 of
                 Provision
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 
                 gave
                 up
                 themselves
                 to
                 Ease
                 and
                 Voluptuousness
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 things
                 acted
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 XII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Ambassadors
                   come
                   to
                   Alexander
                   from
                   all
                   Parts
                   .
                   He
                   buries
                   Hephestion
                   with
                   great
                   State.
                   The
                   Prodigies
                   before
                   
                   Alexander's
                   Death
                   .
                   His
                   Death
                   .
                   
                   Darius's
                   Mother
                   starves
                   her self
                   .
                
              
               
                 AGesias
                 was
                 now
                 Chief
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Poetelius
                
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Papirius
                
                 
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Hundred
                 and
                 fourteenth
                 Olympiad
                 was
                 celebrated
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Micinas
                 of
                 Rhodes
                 was
                 Victor
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 Ambassadors
                 came
                 to
                 Alexander
                 almost
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 some
                 to
                 congratulate
                 his
                 Victories
                 ;
                 others
                 to
                 tender
                 him
                 Crowns
                 ;
                 others
                 to
                 make
                 Leagues
                 and
                 Alliances
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 many
                 brought
                 him
                 very
                 Rich
                 and
                 Noble
                 Presents
                 .
                 And
                 some
                 there
                 were
                 that
                 came
                 to
                 clear
                 themselves
                 from
                 false
                 Accusations
                 :
                 For
                 besides
                 those
                 sent
                 from
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 States
                 ,
                 and
                 Princes
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 many
                 Ambassadors
                 addrest
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 from
                 Europe
                 and
                 Africa
                 .
                 Out
                 of
                 Africa
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 and
                 the
                 Phoenicians
                 of
                 Lybia
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 bordering
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 
                 Hercules-Pillars
                 .
                 Out
                 of
                 Europe
                 ,
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Cities
                 :
                 The
                 Macedonians
                 :
                 The
                 Illyrians
                 ;
                 many
                 inhabiting
                 Adria
                 :
                 The
                 Thracians
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Galatians
                 ,
                 a
                 People
                 that
                 then
                 first
                 began
                 to
                 be
                 known
                 to
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
                 These
                 all
                 sent
                 their
                 Ambassadors
                 ;
                 of
                 whom
                 the
                 King
                 having
                 a
                 Catalogue
                 in
                 writing
                 ,
                 he
                 appointed
                 in
                 what
                 Order
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 severally
                 admitted
                 to
                 their
                 Audience
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 those
                 were
                 introduc'd
                 that
                 came
                 about
                 Matters
                 of
                 Religion
                 ;
                 then
                 those
                 who
                 brought
                 Presents
                 ;
                 next
                 ,
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 at
                 variance
                 with
                 the
                 People
                 bordering
                 upon
                 them
                 :
                 Then
                 those
                 were
                 admitted
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 fourth
                 place
                 ,
                 who
                 came
                 to
                 treat
                 upon
                 Concerns
                 relating
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 :
                 And
                 lastly
                 ,
                 those
                 whose
                 Instructions
                 were
                 to
                 oppose
                 the
                 Restauration
                 of
                 the
                 Exiles
                 .
                 And
                 among
                 the
                 Religious
                 ,
                 he
                 first
                 
                 heard
                 them
                 of
                 Elis
                 ;
                 after
                 them
                 the
                 
                   Hammonians
                   ,
                   Delphians
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Corinthians
                 ;
                 the
                 Epidaurians
                 likewise
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 ;
                 giving
                 to
                 them
                 the
                 Preheminence
                 out
                 of
                 Reverence
                 and
                 Veneration
                 to
                 the
                 Temples
                 .
                 He
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 great
                 Business
                 to
                 return
                 such
                 grateful
                 Answers
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 gain
                 the
                 Good-will
                 and
                 Affection
                 of
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 all
                 this
                 was
                 over
                 ,
                 he
                 apply'd
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 celebrating
                 the
                 Funerals
                 of
                 Hephestion
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 contriv'd
                 (
                 all
                 that
                 possibly
                 he
                 could
                 )
                 so
                 far
                 to
                 grace
                 it
                 with
                 Funeral
                 Pomp
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 it
                 should
                 not
                 only
                 exceed
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 before
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 that
                 it
                 should
                 never
                 be
                 exceeded
                 by
                 any
                 that
                 was
                 to
                 come
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 most
                 dearly
                 lov'd
                 him
                 (
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 the
                 dearest
                 Friends
                 that
                 we
                 have
                 heard
                 of
                 ever
                 lov'd
                 one
                 another
                 )
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 alive
                 ,
                 and
                 honour'd
                 him
                 beyond
                 compare
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 dead
                 .
                 He
                 honour'd
                 him
                 more
                 than
                 any
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 
                 while
                 he
                 liv'd
                 ,
                 altho'
                 Craterus
                 seem'd
                 to
                 vie
                 with
                 him
                 for
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Affection
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Servants
                 said
                 ,
                 that
                 Craterus
                 lov'd
                 Alexander
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 Hephestion
                 did
                 ;
                 Alexander
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 That
                 Craterus
                 
                   was
                   the
                
                 *
                 
                   King's
                   Friend
                   ,
                   and
                
                 Hephestion
                 Alexander's
                 .
                 And
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 Darius
                 (
                 through
                 a
                 mistake
                 upon
                 the
                 first
                 view
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 )
                 prostrated
                 her self
                 at
                 the
                 Feet
                 of
                 Hephestion
                 ,
                 and
                 coming
                 to
                 discern
                 her
                 Errour
                 ,
                 was
                 much
                 out
                 of
                 Countenance
                 :
                 
                   Be
                   not
                   troubled
                   ,
                   Mother
                
                 (
                 says
                 
                   Alexander
                   )
                   for
                   even
                   he
                   is
                   another
                
                 Alexander
                 .
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 Hephestion
                 had
                 such
                 Interest
                 in
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 free
                 access
                 and
                 liberty
                 of
                 Converse
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 Olympias
                 (
                 who
                 envy'd
                 him
                 )
                 accus'd
                 him
                 and
                 threatned
                 him
                 by
                 her
                 Letters
                 ,
                 he
                 writ
                 to
                 her
                 back
                 again
                 with
                 severe
                 Checks
                 ;
                 and
                 added
                 these
                 Expressions
                 :
                 
                   Forbear
                   your
                   Slanders
                   against
                   me
                   ,
                   and
                   bridle
                   your
                   Anger
                   ,
                   and
                   surcease
                   your
                   Threats
                   :
                   But
                   if
                   you
                   will
                   not
                   ,
                   I
                   value
                   them
                   not
                   of
                   a
                   pin
                   ;
                   for
                   you
                   are
                   not
                   ignorant
                   that
                
                 Alexander
                 
                   must
                   be
                   Judge
                   of
                   all
                
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 King
                 therefore
                 taken
                 up
                 with
                 the
                 Preparations
                 for
                 the
                 Funeral
                 ,
                 commanded
                 the
                 
                 neighbouring
                 Cities
                 to
                 assist
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 possibly
                 they
                 could
                 towards
                 its
                 Pomp
                 and
                 Splendor
                 ;
                 and
                 commanded
                 all
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Fire
                 which
                 the
                 Persians
                 call
                 the
                 
                   Holy
                   Fire
                
                 should
                 be
                 put
                 out
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 Exequies
                 of
                 this
                 Funeral
                 were
                 fully
                 finish'd
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 us'd
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 Funerals
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 's
                 of
                 Persia
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 taken
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 ill
                 Omen
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Gods
                 did
                 thereby
                 portend
                 his
                 Death
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 likewise
                 
                 other
                 Prodigies
                 happen'd
                 that
                 did
                 clearly
                 point
                 out
                 that
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Life
                 was
                 near
                 at
                 an
                 end
                 ;
                 which
                 we
                 shall
                 presently
                 give
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 ,
                 when
                 we
                 have
                 finish'd
                 our
                 Relation
                 of
                 the
                 Funeral
                 .
                 In
                 order
                 to
                 this
                 Funeral
                 ,
                 all
                 his
                 Chief
                 Commanders
                 and
                 Noblemen
                 (
                 in
                 compliance
                 to
                 the
                 King's
                 Pleasure
                 )
                 made
                 Medals
                 of
                 Hephestion
                 graven
                 in
                 Ivory
                 ,
                 and
                 cast
                 in
                 Gold
                 and
                 other
                 rich
                 Metals
                 .
                 Alexander
                 himself
                 call'd
                 together
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 exquisit
                 Workmen
                 that
                 could
                 be
                 had
                 ,
                 and
                 brake
                 down
                 the
                 Wall
                 of
                 Babylon
                 ten
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 away
                 the
                 Brick
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 levelling
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 the
                 Funeral
                 Pile
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 rais'd
                 ,
                 built
                 thereon
                 a
                 Foursquare
                 Pile
                 ,
                 each
                 Square
                 taking
                 a
                 Furlong
                 in
                 length
                 :
                 The
                 Platform
                 he
                 divided
                 into
                 Thirty
                 Apartments
                 ,
                 and
                 cover'd
                 the
                 Rooss
                 with
                 the
                 Trunks
                 of
                 Palm-Trees
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 Structure
                 represented
                 a
                 Quadrangle
                 :
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 beautify'd
                 it
                 round
                 with
                 curious
                 Adornments
                 :
                 The
                 lower
                 part
                 was
                 fill'd
                 up
                 with
                 Two
                 hundred
                 and
                 forty
                 Prowes
                 of
                 Gallies
                 of
                 five
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 burnish'd
                 with
                 Gold
                 ;
                 upon
                 whose
                 Rafters
                 stood
                 two
                 Darters
                 ,
                 one
                 on
                 each
                 side
                 the
                 Beaks
                 ,
                 of
                 four
                 Cubits
                 high
                 ,
                 kneeling
                 upon
                 one
                 Knee
                 ;
                 and
                 Statues
                 of
                 Men
                 in
                 Arms
                 five
                 Cubits
                 high
                 :
                 All
                 the
                 Divisions
                 and
                 open
                 Parts
                 were
                 vail'd
                 with
                 Hangings
                 of
                 Purple
                 .
                 That
                 part
                 next
                 above
                 this
                 was
                 set
                 with
                 Torches
                 ,
                 of
                 fifteen
                 Cubits
                 high
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 part
                 of
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 (
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 us'd
                 to
                 be
                 held
                 )
                 were
                 plac'd
                 Crowns
                 of
                 Gold
                 ;
                 at
                 the
                 top
                 whence
                 the
                 Flame
                 ascended
                 ,
                 were
                 fix'd
                 Eagles
                 with
                 their
                 Wings
                 display'd
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Heads
                 stooping
                 downwards
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Torches
                 were
                 Serpents
                 ,
                 facing
                 and
                 looking
                 up
                 at
                 the
                 Eagles
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 third
                 Range
                 were
                 expos'd
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 hunted
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 fourth
                 Centaurs
                 all
                 in
                 Gold
                 combating
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 :
                 The
                 fifth
                 presented
                 alternately
                 to
                 the
                 view
                 Lions
                 and
                 Bulls
                 in
                 massie
                 Gold.
                 In
                 that
                 part
                 above
                 these
                 were
                 plac'd
                 the
                 Arms
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 and
                 Barbarians
                 ;
                 the
                 one
                 signifying
                 the
                 Victories
                 over
                 the
                 Conquer'd
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Conqueror
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 highest
                 and
                 last
                 part
                 
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 stood
                 Sirenes
                 ,
                 contriv'd
                 hollow
                 ,
                 wherein
                 secretly
                 were
                 plac'd
                 those
                 who
                 sang
                 the
                 Mourning
                 Song
                 to
                 the
                 Dead
                 .
                 The
                 heighth
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Structure
                 mounted
                 up
                 above
                 a
                 hundred
                 and
                 thirty
                 Cubits
                 .
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 both
                 Commanders
                 and
                 Common
                 Soldiers
                 ;
                 Ambassadors
                 and
                 the
                 natural
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 so
                 strove
                 to
                 outvy
                 one
                 another
                 in
                 contributing
                 to
                 this
                 stately
                 Funeral
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Charge
                 and
                 Cost
                 amounted
                 to
                 above
                 Twelve
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 grace
                 it
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 it
                 more
                 splendid
                 ,
                 he
                 con●err'd
                 several
                 other
                 Honours
                 upon
                 these
                 Exequies
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 he
                 commanded
                 all
                 to
                 sacrifice
                 to
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 Tutelar
                 God
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 hapned
                 that
                 Philip
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 return'd
                 from
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Haminon
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 word
                 from
                 the
                 Oracle
                 there
                 ,
                 That
                 Hephestion
                 might
                 be
                 sacrific'd
                 unto
                 as
                 a
                 Demi-God
                 :
                 Whereat
                 Alexander
                 was
                 wonderfully
                 glad
                 ,
                 hearing
                 that
                 the
                 Oracle
                 it self
                 was
                 an
                 Approver
                 of
                 his
                 Opinion
                 ;
                 and
                 thereupon
                 he
                 himself
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 offer'd
                 ,
                 sacrificing
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Beasts
                 of
                 all
                 kinds
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 a
                 magnificent
                 Feast
                 
                 for
                 all
                 the
                 Multitude
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 all
                 the
                 Solemnity
                 was
                 over
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 gave
                 up
                 himself
                 to
                 Ease
                 and
                 a
                 Revelling
                 Course
                 of
                 Life
                 :
                 And
                 now
                 when
                 he
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 at
                 the
                 Heighth
                 of
                 Worldly
                 Greatness
                 and
                 Prosperity
                 ;
                 that
                 Time
                 and
                 Space
                 of
                 Life
                 which
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 run
                 through
                 by
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 was
                 cut
                 short
                 by
                 the
                 Determination
                 of
                 Fate
                 ;
                 and
                 God
                 himself
                 ,
                 by
                 many
                 Signs
                 and
                 Prodigies
                 shewn
                 in
                 several
                 Places
                 ,
                 foreshew'd
                 his
                 Death
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 he
                 
                 was
                 anointing
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Royal
                 Robes
                 and
                 Crown
                 that
                 while
                 laid
                 upon
                 the
                 Throne
                 ,
                 the
                 Fetters
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Natural
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 then
                 in
                 Chains
                 ,
                 fell
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 unloos'd
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Person
                 not
                 being
                 discern'd
                 by
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Watch
                 ,
                 pass'd
                 through
                 the
                 Court-Gates
                 without
                 any
                 Opposition
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 streight
                 to
                 the
                 Throne
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 on
                 the
                 Royal
                 Robes
                 and
                 Crown
                 upon
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 sate
                 upon
                 the
                 Throne
                 without
                 any
                 disturbance
                 .
                 Which
                 Fact
                 being
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 amaz'd
                 at
                 the
                 strangeness
                 of
                 the
                 Thing
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 to
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 any
                 Rebuke
                 ,
                 calmly
                 ask'd
                 the
                 Man
                 ,
                 
                   Who
                   he
                   was
                   ,
                   and
                   who
                   advis'd
                   him
                   to
                   do
                   so
                   ?
                
                 Who
                 plainly
                 and
                 simply
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 
                   He
                   knew
                   nothing
                   at
                   all
                
                 .
                 This
                 strange
                 Accident
                 was
                 referr'd
                 to
                 the
                 Consideration
                 of
                 the
                 Augurs
                 ;
                 by
                 whose
                 Advice
                 the
                 poor
                 Wretch
                 was
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Evil
                 portended
                 (
                 if
                 any
                 were
                 )
                 might
                 fall
                 upon
                 his
                 own
                 Head.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 King
                 having
                 now
                 got
                 his
                 Robes
                 again
                 ,
                 sacrific'd
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 his
                 Protectors
                 :
                 But
                 however
                 he
                 continu'd
                 much
                 disturb'd
                 and
                 perplex'd
                 in
                 his
                 Mind
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 began
                 to
                 reflect
                 upon
                 what
                 the
                 Caldeans
                 had
                 foretold
                 ;
                 and
                 fretted
                 against
                 those
                 Philosophers
                 that
                 persuaded
                 him
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 Babylon
                 ;
                 but
                 admir'd
                 the
                 Art
                 and
                 profound
                 Wisdom
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Caldeans
                 .
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 he
                 curst
                 those
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 subtil
                 Arguments
                 ,
                 had
                 disputed
                 against
                 the
                 Necessity
                 of
                 Fate
                 .
              
               
                 Not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 God
                 shew'd
                 another
                 Prodigy
                 concerning
                 the
                 Change
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 :
                 The
                 King
                 had
                 a
                 desire
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 *
                 Haven
                 at
                 Babylon
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 come
                 there
                 ,
                 they
                 went
                 on
                 board
                 with
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Nobles
                 that
                 attended
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 while
                 they
                 were
                 sailing
                 ,
                 the
                 King's
                 Ship
                 was
                 separated
                 from
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 tossed
                 to
                 and
                 fro
                 for
                 several
                 Days
                 together
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 wholly
                 despair'd
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 at
                 length
                 carry'd
                 through
                 a
                 narrow
                 Creek
                 ,
                 where
                 Bushes
                 and
                 Trees
                 grew
                 thick
                 upon
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 his
                 Turbant
                 or
                 Diadem
                 ,
                 by
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Boughs
                 was
                 pluck'd
                 off
                 from
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 hurl'd
                 into
                 the
                 Water
                 ;
                 which
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Mariners
                 spying
                 ,
                 swam
                 to
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 better
                 securing
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 clapt
                 it
                 upon
                 his
                 own
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 swam
                 back
                 to
                 the
                 Ship.
                 After
                 he
                 had
                 wander'd
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 three
                 Days
                 and
                 three
                 Nights
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 at
                 length
                 safe
                 with
                 his
                 Diadem
                 to
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 again
                 consulted
                 the
                 Soothsayers
                 concerning
                 this
                 Prodigy
                 ;
                 who
                 advis'd
                 him
                 immediately
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 diligence
                 ,
                 to
                 offer
                 splendid
                 Sacrifices
                 to
                 the
                 Gods.
                 
              
               
                 But
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 these
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 invited
                 by
                 one
                 Medius
                 a
                 Thessalian
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 to
                 a
                 Banquet
                 ;
                 where
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 his
                 Cups
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 drunk
                 with
                 Wine
                 ,
                 he
                 quaft
                 off
                 the
                 Great
                 Bowl
                 call'd
                 Hercules
                 his
                 Cup
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 struck
                 with
                 a
                 Thunder-bolt
                 ,
                 he
                 fetch'd
                 a
                 deep
                 Sigh
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 then
                 presently
                 led
                 out
                 by
                 his
                 
                 Nobles
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 left
                 the
                 place
                 .
                 Those
                 who
                 had
                 him
                 in
                 their
                 Charge
                 forthwith
                 laid
                 him
                 upon
                 his
                 Bed
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 diligently
                 attended
                 him
                 .
                 His
                 Distemper
                 increasing
                 ,
                 his
                 Physicians
                 were
                 call'd
                 in
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 administer
                 any
                 thing
                 for
                 his
                 Relief
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 his
                 Sickness
                 was
                 so
                 violent
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Pains
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 himself
                 despair'd
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 that
                 Condition
                 drew
                 off
                 his
                 Ring
                 from
                 his
                 Finger
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 it
                 to
                 Perdiccas
                 .
                 His
                 Commanders
                 then
                 ask'd
                 him
                 ,
                 
                   To
                   whom
                   ,
                   Sir
                   ,
                   do
                   you
                   leave
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   ?
                
                 He
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 
                   To
                   the
                   most
                   Deserving
                
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 he
                 utter'd
                 his
                 last
                 Words
                 ,
                 he
                 told
                 them
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Chiefest
                   of
                   his
                   Friends
                   and
                   Commanders
                   would
                   solemnize
                   his
                   Funeral
                   ,
                   when
                   he
                   was
                   gone
                   ,
                   with
                   Blood
                   and
                   Contention
                   .
                
                 And
                 thus
                 died
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 reign'd
                 Twelve
                 Years
                 and
                 Seven
                 Months
                 ,
                 having
                 perform'd
                 such
                 Mighty
                 Acts
                 ,
                 as
                 no
                 King
                 ever
                 did
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 
                 nor
                 any
                 since
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 because
                 some
                 Writers
                 differ
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Cause
                 and
                 Manner
                 of
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 affirming
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 poison'd
                 by
                 a
                 deadly
                 Potion
                 given
                 him
                 ;
                 it
                 's
                 necessary
                 to
                 relate
                 what
                 they
                 have
                 reported
                 concerning
                 this
                 matter
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 that
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 whom
                 Alexander
                 had
                 made
                 his
                 Viceroy
                 in
                 Europe
                 ,
                 fell
                 out
                 with
                 Olympias
                 the
                 King's
                 Mother
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 at
                 first
                 no
                 great
                 matter
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 King
                 would
                 not
                 hear
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Accusations
                 against
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 afterwards
                 the
                 Quarrels
                 and
                 Heart-burnings
                 growing
                 higher
                 and
                 higher
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Piety
                 and
                 Awe
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 conceiv'd
                 it
                 his
                 Duty
                 to
                 gratifie
                 his
                 Mother
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 he
                 gave
                 many
                 apparent
                 Signs
                 and
                 Tokens
                 of
                 the
                 Alienation
                 of
                 his
                 Affections
                 from
                 Antipater
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 further
                 Fuel
                 to
                 the
                 Flame
                 ,
                 the
                 putting
                 to
                 death
                 Parmenio
                 and
                 Philotas
                 ,
                 
                 did
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 terrifie
                 and
                 afright
                 the
                 Nobility
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 it
                 's
                 said
                 he
                 order'd
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 Alexander's
                 Cupbearer
                 ,
                 to
                 put
                 Poison
                 into
                 his
                 Wine
                 :
                 But
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 Power
                 in
                 Europe
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Cassander
                 his
                 Son
                 succeeded
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 many
                 Historians
                 durst
                 not
                 say
                 any
                 thing
                 in
                 their
                 Writings
                 of
                 Poison
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 very
                 apparent
                 that
                 Cassander
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 Enemy
                 to
                 the
                 Concerns
                 of
                 Alexander
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 suffer'd
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 Olympias
                 ,
                 after
                 she
                 was
                 murder'd
                 ,
                 to
                 lie
                 with
                 Disdain
                 unbury'd
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 great
                 Business
                 to
                 re-edifie
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 which
                 Alexander
                 had
                 raz'd
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 dead
                 ,
                 Sisigambris
                 ,
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 Darius
                 ,
                 with
                 abundance
                 of
                 Tears
                 bewail'd
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 her
                 own
                 desolate
                 Condition
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 Minute
                 ,
                 she
                 would
                 neither
                 eat
                 ,
                 nor
                 see
                 the
                 Light
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 Fifth
                 Day
                 after
                 died
                 of
                 Hunger
                 in
                 extream
                 Sorrow
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 as
                 much
                 Glory
                 and
                 Reputation
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 now
                 brought
                 down
                 our
                 History
                 to
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 design'd
                 in
                 the
                 Beginning
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 proceed
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 Acts
                 of
                 his
                 Successors
                 in
                 the
                 following
                 Books
                 .
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               BOOK
               XVIII
               .
            
             
               PYthagoras
               the
               Samian
               ,
               
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 Natural
              
               Philosophers
               ,
               
               
                 held
                 that
                 the
                 Souls
                 of
                 Men
                 were
                 immortal
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 to
                 foretell
                 future
                 Events
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 point
                 of
                 Death
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Soul
                 is
                 even
                 parting
                 with
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 is
                 the
                 Effect
                 and
                 Consequent
                 of
                 this
                 Truth
                 .
                 To
                 which
              
               Homer
               
                 witnesses
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 brings
                 in
              
               Hector
               ,
               
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 even
                 breathing
                 his
                 last
                 ,
                 telling
              
               Achilles
               
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 die
                 within
                 a
                 very
                 short
                 time
                 afterwards
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 is
                 attested
                 of
                 many
                 others
                 of
                 later
                 Times
                 ,
                 and
                 confirm'd
                 especially
                 by
                 the
                 Death
                 of
              
               Alexander
               the
               Macedonian
               ,
               
                 who
                 dying
                 at
              
               Babylon
               ,
               
                 and
                 being
                 ask'd
                 by
                 his
                 Commanders
                 and
                 those
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 he
                 was
                 giving
                 up
                 his
                 last
                 Breath
                 ,
              
               Who
               should
               succeed
               him
               ?
               
                 he
                 answer'd
              
               The
               most
               Worthy
               *
               ;
               For
               I
               foresee
               ,
               
                 says
                 he
              
               ,
               that
               great
               and
               grievous
               Quarrels
               amongst
               my
               Friends
               ,
               will
               be
               the
               Sacrifices
               to
               me
               after
               my
               Funeral
               .
               
                 Which
                 hapend
                 accordingly
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Chiefest
                 of
                 his
                 Commanders
                 fell
                 together
                 by
                 the
                 Ears
                 about
                 the
                 Principality
                 ;
                 and
                 great
                 Wars
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
              
               Alexander
               ,
               
                 broke
                 forth
                 amongst
                 them
                 :
                 Whose
                 Actions
                 are
                 contain'd
                 in
                 this
                 Book
                 ;
                 which
                 will
                 clearly
                 evidence
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 studious
                 Reader
                 ,
                 the
                 Truth
                 of
                 what
                 is
                 now
                 said
                 :
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 former
                 comprehended
                 all
                 the
                 things
                 done
                 by
              
               Alexander
               ,
               
                 to
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 his
                 Death
                 .
                 This
                 present
                 Book
                 ,
                 relating
                 the
                 Actions
                 of
                 those
                 who
                 succeeded
                 ,
                 ends
                 with
                 the
                 Year
                 next
                 before
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
              
               Agathocles
               ,
               
                 which
                 makes
                 an
                 History
                 of
                 Seven
                 Years
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Quarrels
                   about
                   a
                   Successor
                   to
                   
                     Alexander
                     .
                     Arideus
                  
                   made
                   King.
                   The
                   Provinces
                   divided
                   amongst
                   the
                   Chief
                   Commanders
                   .
                   Matters
                   contain'd
                   in
                   Alexander's
                   Note-Books
                   .
                   Meleager
                   executed
                   by
                   Perdiccas
                   .
                   The
                   Grecians
                   revolt
                   .
                   A
                   Description
                   of
                   
                     Asia
                     .
                     Pithon
                  
                   sent
                   against
                   the
                   revolting
                   Grecians
                   ,
                   who
                   were
                   all
                   cut
                   off
                   .
                   The
                   Lamian
                   War
                   ;
                   The
                   cause
                   of
                   it
                   .
                   Alexander's
                   Epistle
                   to
                   the
                   Exiles
                   .
                   Leosthenes
                   the
                   Athenian
                   General
                   .
                   Lamia
                   besieg'd
                   .
                   Leosthenes
                   kill'd
                   :
                   Antiphilus
                   plac'd
                   in
                   his
                   room
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHen
                 Cephisodorus
                 was
                 Chief
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 created
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Furius
                
                 and
                 
                   Decius
                   Jovius
                
                 Consuls
                 :
                 About
                 which
                 time
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 being
                 now
                 dead
                 without
                 Issue
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 Government
                 without
                 a
                 Head
                 ,
                 there
                 arose
                 great
                 Dissentions
                 and
                 Differences
                 about
                 the
                 Empire
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 *
                 Foot
                 were
                 for
                 setting
                 up
                 of
                 †
                 Arideus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Philip
                 ,
                 a
                 weak-spirited
                 Man
                 ,
                 labouring
                 under
                 many
                 natural
                 Infirmities
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Chiefest
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 and
                 Esquires
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 met
                 together
                 in
                 Council
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Squadron
                 of
                 Horse
                 call'd
                 the
                 Social
                 ,
                 they
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 try
                 it
                 out
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Macedonian
                   Phalanx
                
                 .
              
               
                 Therefore
                 they
                 sent
                 the
                 most
                 eminent
                 Commanders
                 (
                 among
                 whom
                 Meleager
                 was
                 the
                 Chief
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Foot
                 ,
                 to
                 require
                 them
                 to
                 observe
                 Commands
                 .
                 But
                 Meleager
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 Eminent
                 Man
                 of
                 the
                 Phalanx
                 )
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Battalion
                 which
                 was
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Account
                 and
                 Esteem
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 said
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 of
                 the
                 Business
                 for
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 sent
                 ;
                 but
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 highly
                 commended
                 them
                 for
                 their
                 Choice
                 ,
                 and
                 stirr'd
                 them
                 up
                 against
                 the
                 Opposers
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 created
                 Meleager
                 their
                 Captain
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 their
                 Arms
                 made
                 out
                 against
                 the
                 contrary
                 Party
                 .
                 
                 Those
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Life-guard
                 and
                 Esquires
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 march'd
                 likewise
                 out
                 of
                 Babylon
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 fight
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 most
                 Interested
                 and
                 Popular
                 Men
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 endeavour'd
                 all
                 they
                 could
                 to
                 make
                 Peace
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 it
                 was
                 presently
                 agreed
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 Arideus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Philip
                 should
                 be
                 made
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 Philip
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Perdiccas
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 the
                 late
                 King
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 upon
                 the
                 point
                 of
                 death
                 ,
                 deliver'd
                 his
                 Ring
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 invested
                 with
                 the
                 *
                 Executive
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 and
                 order'd
                 that
                 the
                 Esquires
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 and
                 the
                 Chief
                 Commanders
                 should
                 govern
                 the
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 be
                 observant
                 to
                 the
                 Commands
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 and
                 Perdiccas
                 .
              
               
               
                 Arideus
                 being
                 thus
                 made
                 King
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 together
                 a
                 General
                 Council
                 of
                 the
                 chief
                 Commanders
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 to
                 
                   Ptolomeus
                   Lagus
                
                 he
                 committed
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 ;
                 to
                 Laomedon
                 of
                 
                   Mitylene
                   ,
                   Syria
                
                 ;
                 to
                 
                   Philotas
                   ,
                   Cilicia
                
                 ;
                 to
                 
                   Python
                   ,
                   Media
                
                 ;
                 to
                 
                   Eumenes
                   ,
                   Cappadocia
                
                 and
                 Paphlagonia
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 bordering
                 Countries
                 which
                 were
                 never
                 entred
                 by
                 Alexander
                 all
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 his
                 Wars
                 with
                 Darius
                 ,
                 through
                 want
                 of
                 convenient
                 Opportunity
                 .
                 To
                 Antigonus
                 he
                 assign'd
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Lycia
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 greater
                 Phrygia
                 ;
                 to
                 
                   Cassander
                   ,
                   Caria
                
                 ;
                 to
                 *
                 
                   Meleager
                   ,
                   Lydia
                
                 ;
                 to
                 
                   Leonatus
                   ,
                   Phrygia
                
                 all
                 along
                 the
                 Coast
                 of
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 :
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 were
                 the
                 Provinces
                 divided
                 .
                 In
                 
                   Europe
                   ,
                   Thrace
                
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Nations
                 bordering
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea
                 of
                 Pontus
                 ,
                 were
                 committed
                 to
                 Lysimachus
                 ;
                 and
                 Macedonia
                 with
                 those
                 bordering
                 upon
                 it
                 to
                 Antipater
                 :
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Asian
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 thought
                 most
                 adviseable
                 not
                 to
                 alter
                 but
                 to
                 leave
                 them
                 under
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 Lord
                 Lieutenants
                 .
                 The
                 Province
                 next
                 adjoining
                 was
                 intrusted
                 with
                 Taxilis
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Kings
                 bordering
                 upon
                 him
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Province
                 adjoining
                 to
                 Mount
                 Caucasus
                 (
                 call'd
                 Parapamisus
                 )
                 was
                 assign'd
                 to
                 Oxiertes
                 ,
                 
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Bactrians
                 ,
                 whose
                 Daughter
                 
                   Rhoxana
                   ,
                   Alexander
                
                 had
                 marry'd
                 .
                 Arachesia
                 and
                 Gedrosia
                 to
                 
                   Sybirtius
                   :
                   Ariana
                
                 and
                 Drangina
                 to
                 Stasanoris
                 of
                 
                   Solos
                   :
                   Bactriana
                
                 and
                 *
                 Sardiana
                 were
                 allotted
                 to
                 
                   Philip
                   ;
                   Parthia
                
                 and
                 Hyrcania
                 to
                 
                   Phrataphernes
                   ;
                   Persia
                
                 to
                 
                   Peucestes
                   ;
                   Carmania
                
                 to
                 
                   Tlepolemus
                   ;
                   Media
                
                 to
                 Atrapas
                 .
                 The
                 Province
                 of
                 Babylon
                 to
                 Archon
                 ;
                 and
                 Mesopotamia
                 to
                 
                   Arcesilaus
                   .
                   Seleucus
                
                 he
                 created
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 brave
                 Brigade
                 of
                 the
                 Social
                 Horse
                 .
                 Hephestion
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 Commander
                 of
                 that
                 Brigade
                 ,
                 then
                 Perdiccas
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 third
                 was
                 this
                 Seleucus
                 .
                 He
                 order'd
                 that
                 Taxiles
                 and
                 Porus
                 should
                 enjoy
                 the
                 absolute
                 Authority
                 within
                 their
                 own
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 as
                 Alexander
                 himself
                 had
                 before
                 appointed
                 .
                 The
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Funeral
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 preparing
                 a
                 Chariot
                 to
                 convey
                 the
                 King's
                 Body
                 to
                 Hammon
                 ,
                 was
                 committed
                 to
                 Arideus
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 as
                 for
                 Craterus
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 Noble
                 of
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Captains
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 some
                 time
                 before
                 sent
                 by
                 Alexander
                 with
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 were
                 discharg'd
                 from
                 further
                 Service
                 in
                 the
                 Persian
                 War
                 ,
                 into
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 to
                 put
                 in
                 Execution
                 some
                 Instructions
                 in
                 writing
                 given
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 ;
                 which
                 after
                 the
                 King's
                 Death
                 ,
                 his
                 Successors
                 determin'd
                 should
                 be
                 no
                 further
                 proceeded
                 in
                 :
                 For
                 Perdiccas
                 finding
                 in
                 the
                 King's
                 Commentaries
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 vast
                 Sums
                 of
                 Money
                 intended
                 to
                 be
                 expended
                 in
                 the
                 Funeral
                 of
                 Hephestion
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 many
                 other
                 things
                 of
                 extraordinary
                 Cost
                 and
                 Charge
                 design'd
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 he
                 judg'd
                 it
                 far
                 more
                 advisable
                 to
                 let
                 them
                 alone
                 :
                 But
                 lest
                 he
                 should
                 seem
                 to
                 take
                 too
                 much
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 private
                 Judgment
                 to
                 detract
                 from
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Discretion
                 ,
                 he
                 referr'd
                 all
                 these
                 Matters
                 to
                 the
                 determination
                 of
                 a
                 General
                 Council
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 The
                 Chief
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 considerable
                 Heads
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 purposes
                 contain'd
                 in
                 his
                 *
                 Books
                 of
                 Remembrance
                 were
                 these
                 ,
                 That
                 a
                 Thousand
                 long
                 Ships
                 ,
                 larger
                 than
                 those
                 of
                 three
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 built
                 in
                 
                   Phaenicia
                   ,
                   Syria
                   ,
                   Cilicia
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 an
                 Invasion
                 
                 upon
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 inhabiting
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Africa
                 and
                 Spain
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 Islands
                 adjoyning
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 Sicily
                 .
                 2.
                 
                 That
                 a
                 Plain
                 and
                 Easie
                 way
                 should
                 be
                 made
                 straight
                 along
                 through
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Africa
                 to
                 Hercules
                 his
                 Pillars
                 .
                 3.
                 
                 That
                 Six
                 magnificent
                 Temples
                 should
                 be
                 built
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 should
                 be
                 expended
                 in
                 the
                 Cost
                 of
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 4.
                 
                 That
                 Arsenals
                 and
                 Ports
                 should
                 be
                 made
                 in
                 Places
                 convenient
                 and
                 fit
                 for
                 the
                 Reception
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Navy
                 .
                 5.
                 
                 That
                 the
                 new
                 Cities
                 should
                 be
                 planted
                 with
                 Colonies
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 People
                 should
                 be
                 transplanted
                 out
                 of
                 Asia
                 into
                 Europe
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 out
                 of
                 Europe
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 Intermarriages
                 and
                 mutual
                 Affinities
                 he
                 might
                 establish
                 Peace
                 and
                 Concord
                 between
                 the
                 two
                 main
                 Continents
                 of
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
               
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 Temples
                 before-mention'd
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 built
                 in
                 
                   Delos
                   ,
                   Delphos
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Dodona
                 ;
                 Some
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 in
                 Dio
                 ;
                 Diana's
                 Temple
                 in
                 Amphipolis
                 ;
                 another
                 to
                 Minerva
                 in
                 *
                 Cyrnus
                 :
                 To
                 which
                 Goddess
                 he
                 design'd
                 likewise
                 to
                 build
                 a
                 Temple
                 in
                 Ilium
                 ,
                 inferior
                 to
                 none
                 ,
                 for
                 Splendor
                 and
                 Magnificence
                 .
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 To
                 adorn
                 his
                 Father
                 
                 Philip's
                 Sepulchre
                 ,
                 he
                 design'd
                 to
                 erect
                 a
                 Monument
                 equal
                 to
                 the
                 biggest
                 Pyramid
                 in
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 seven
                 of
                 which
                 were
                 by
                 some
                 accounted
                 the
                 most
                 stately
                 and
                 greatest
                 Works
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
               
                 These
                 things
                 being
                 laid
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 highly
                 commended
                 and
                 approved
                 of
                 
                 Alexander's
                 designs
                 ,
                 yet
                 because
                 they
                 seem'd
                 things
                 beyond
                 all
                 measure
                 impracticable
                 ,
                 they
                 decreed
                 all
                 to
                 be
                 laid
                 aside
                 .
                 Then
                 Perdiccas
                 caus'd
                 those
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 were
                 Turbulent
                 ,
                 and
                 exceeding
                 Inveterate
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Thirty
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 :
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 private
                 Grudge
                 he
                 executed
                 Meleager
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 betray'd
                 
                 his
                 Embassy
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 on
                 the
                 Mutiny
                 )
                 as
                 one
                 that
                 sought
                 to
                 undermine
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Grecians
                 in
                 the
                 upper
                 Provinces
                 revolted
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 great
                 
                 Army
                 :
                 Against
                 whom
                 he
                 sent
                 Pithon
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Commanders
                 .
                 But
                 we
                 conceive
                 it
                 much
                 conducing
                 to
                 the
                 better
                 Understanding
                 of
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 things
                 that
                 were
                 afterwards
                 done
                 ,
                 if
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 Place
                 we
                 declare
                 the
                 Cause
                 of
                 the
                 Revolt
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Situation
                 
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Nature
                 and
                 Extent
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 :
                 For
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 laying
                 before
                 the
                 Eyes
                 of
                 the
                 Readers
                 a
                 Map
                 of
                 the
                 Countries
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Distances
                 of
                 Places
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 the
                 Relation
                 will
                 be
                 more
                 Plain
                 and
                 Easie
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 Taurus
                 therefore
                 in
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 to
                 Caucasus
                 and
                 the
                 Eastern
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 a
                 ridge
                 of
                 Mountains
                 
                 stretch
                 forth
                 in
                 a
                 straight
                 and
                 continued
                 Line
                 throughout
                 all
                 Asia
                 :
                 As
                 distinguished
                 by
                 several
                 Peaks
                 and
                 Risings
                 of
                 the
                 Hills
                 from
                 them
                 ;
                 Mount
                 Taurus
                 has
                 gain'd
                 particular
                 Names
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 means
                 ,
                 Asia
                 being
                 divided
                 into
                 two
                 parts
                 ,
                 one
                 rises
                 towards
                 the
                 North
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 other
                 descends
                 towards
                 the
                 South
                 ;
                 and
                 according
                 to
                 these
                 several
                 Climates
                 the
                 Rivers
                 run
                 contrary
                 ways
                 ;
                 some
                 take
                 their
                 Course
                 into
                 the
                 Caspian
                 Sea
                 ,
                 others
                 into
                 the
                 Euxine
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 into
                 the
                 Northern
                 Ocean
                 .
                 These
                 Rivers
                 lying
                 thus
                 opposite
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 part
                 empty
                 themselves
                 into
                 the
                 Indian
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 another
                 Part
                 into
                 the
                 Ocean
                 adjoyning
                 to
                 this
                 Continent
                 ;
                 some
                 likewise
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 Red
                 Sea.
                 In
                 this
                 manner
                 likewise
                 are
                 the
                 Provinces
                 divided
                 .
                 For
                 some
                 lye
                 towards
                 the
                 North
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 bend
                 to
                 the
                 South
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 towards
                 the
                 North
                 borders
                 upon
                 the
                 River
                 Tanais
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 Sogdiana
                 with
                 Bactria
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 next
                 to
                 them
                 Area
                 and
                 Parthea
                 .
                 This
                 Province
                 surrounds
                 the
                 *
                 Hyrcanian
                 Sea
                 ,
                 **
                 which
                 lies
                 within
                 its
                 Limits
                 and
                 Bounds
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 is
                 Media
                 ,
                 call'd
                 by
                 many
                 Names
                 from
                 the
                 Places
                 included
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 the
                 greatest
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Provinces
                 .
                 Then
                 follows
                 
                   Armenia
                   ,
                   Lycaonia
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Cappadocia
                 ,
                 all
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 sharp
                 and
                 cold
                 Air.
                 Bordering
                 upon
                 these
                 in
                 a
                 direct
                 Line
                 are
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 both
                 the
                 Greater
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 lying
                 to
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 :
                 In
                 an
                 oblique
                 Line
                 lie
                 Lydia
                 and
                 
                   Caria
                   .
                   Pisidia
                
                 stretches
                 sorth
                 it self
                 in
                 length
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 Parrallel
                 Line
                 equal
                 with
                 Phrygia
                 on
                 the
                 right
                 Hand
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 side
                 of
                 Pisidia
                 lies
                 Lycia
                 .
                 The
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 are
                 situated
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 of
                 these
                 Provinces
                 ;
                 whose
                 Names
                 it
                 is
                 
                 not
                 necessary
                 for
                 our
                 purpose
                 here
                 to
                 recite
                 .
              
               
                 Thus
                 situated
                 (
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 related
                 )
                 are
                 the
                 Northern
                 Provinces
                 .
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 Southern
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 is
                 India
                 ,
                 under
                 Mount
                 Caucosus
                 ,
                 a
                 very
                 large
                 and
                 *
                 populous
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 's
                 inhabited
                 by
                 many
                 Indian
                 Nations
                 ;
                 the
                 greatest
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Gandarides
                 ,
                 against
                 whom
                 Alexander
                 made
                 no
                 attempt
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Multitude
                 of
                 their
                 Elephants
                 .
                 This
                 Territory
                 is
                 divided
                 from
                 the
                 further
                 India
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 greatest
                 River
                 in
                 those
                 parts
                 ,
                 being
                 *
                 thirty
                 Furlongs
                 broad
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 India
                 (
                 conquer'd
                 by
                 Alexander
                 )
                 a
                 rich
                 and
                 fruitful
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 watered
                 with
                 many
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 borders
                 upon
                 this
                 of
                 the
                 Gandarides
                 :
                 Within
                 this
                 Part
                 ,
                 besides
                 many
                 other
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 were
                 the
                 Dominions
                 of
                 Porus
                 and
                 Taxilis
                 .
                 The
                 River
                 Indus
                 (
                 from
                 which
                 the
                 Country
                 takes
                 its
                 Name
                 )
                 runs
                 through
                 it
                 .
                 Separated
                 from
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 India
                 next
                 to
                 it
                 was
                 
                   Arachosia
                   ,
                   Gedrosia
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Carmania
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 these
                 was
                 join'd
                 Persia
                 ,
                 wherein
                 are
                 situated
                 the
                 Provinces
                 of
                 Susiana
                 and
                 Sittacina
                 .
                 Next
                 follows
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 extending
                 it self
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 Arabia
                 the
                 Desart
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 where
                 begins
                 the
                 *
                 Descent
                 ,
                 you
                 have
                 †
                 Mesopotamia
                 lying
                 between
                 two
                 Rivers
                 ,
                 Euphrates
                 and
                 Tigris
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 it
                 had
                 its
                 Name
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 higher
                 Syria
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Countries
                 upon
                 the
                 *
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 adjoyning
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 as
                 
                   Cilicia
                   ,
                   Pamphilia
                
                 ,
                 **
                 
                   Syria
                   Cava
                
                 ,
                 within
                 which
                 is
                 Phaenicia
                 ,
                 lie
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Babylon
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 Borders
                 of
                 
                   Syria
                   Cava
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Desart
                 next
                 adjoining
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 (
                 through
                 which
                 runs
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 divides
                 between
                 Syria
                 and
                 Aegypt
                 )
                 appears
                 Aegypt
                 it self
                 ,
                 the
                 Best
                 and
                 Richest
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Provinces
                 .
                 All
                 these
                 Countries
                 are
                 scorching
                 hot
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Southern
                 Climate
                 is
                 contrary
                 in
                 its
                 nature
                 to
                 the
                 Northern
                 .
                 These
                 Provinces
                 (
                 conquer'd
                 by
                 Alexander
                 )
                 which
                 we
                 have
                 thus
                 describ'd
                 ,
                 were
                 divided
                 amongst
                 the
                 Chiefest
                 of
                 his
                 Commanders
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Grecians
                 that
                 inhabited
                 the
                 Upper
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 through
                 fear
                 while
                 Alexander
                 was
                 alive
                 )
                 endur'd
                 their
                 being
                 cast
                 forth
                 into
                 the
                 utmost
                 Corner
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 
                 now
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 dead
                 ,
                 being
                 touch'd
                 with
                 a
                 Desire
                 to
                 return
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 Revolted
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 unanimously
                 chose
                 Philo
                 ,
                 an
                 Enean
                 born
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 Captain
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 considerable
                 Army
                 of
                 above
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 all
                 old
                 expert
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 Brave
                 and
                 Valiant
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 Intelligence
                 being
                 brought
                 of
                 this
                 Revolt
                 ,
                 Perdiccas
                 chose
                 by
                 lot
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 Squadrons
                 ,
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 .
                 Pitho
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Squires
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 to
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 a
                 high
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 skiiful
                 Commander
                 ,
                 was
                 chose
                 General
                 by
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 him
                 Perdiccas
                 deliver'd
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 chosen
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 before
                 declar'd
                 ,
                 and
                 Letters
                 likewise
                 to
                 the
                 Lord-Lieutenants
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 were
                 order'd
                 to
                 furnish
                 him
                 with
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 against
                 the
                 Rebels
                 .
                 Pitho
                 being
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 am
                 ambitious
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 was
                 very
                 ready
                 to
                 undertake
                 this
                 Expedition
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 purpos'd
                 to
                 gain
                 by
                 all
                 fair
                 means
                 possible
                 these
                 revolting
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 joining
                 their
                 Forces
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 to
                 set
                 up
                 for
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 reduce
                 all
                 those
                 upper
                 Provinces
                 under
                 his
                 
                 own
                 Subjection
                 .
                 But
                 Perdiccas
                 smelling
                 out
                 his
                 Design
                 ,
                 gave
                 him
                 express
                 Order
                 ,
                 That
                 having
                 overcome
                 those
                 Rebels
                 he
                 should
                 put
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 divide
                 the
                 Spoil
                 
                 amongst
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 Pithon
                 therefore
                 march'd
                 away
                 with
                 these
                 Men
                 thus
                 deliver'd
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 to
                 join
                 him
                 from
                 the
                 Lord
                 Lieutenants
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 towards
                 the
                 Rebels
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 .
                 And
                 having
                 by
                 a
                 certain
                 Enean
                 corrupted
                 Lipodorus
                 ,
                 who
                 commanded
                 a
                 Brigade
                 of
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Men
                 among
                 the
                 Rebels
                 ,
                 he
                 routed
                 them
                 all
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 the
                 Engagement
                 when
                 the
                 Victory
                 was
                 doubtful
                 ,
                 the
                 Traytor
                 withdrew
                 from
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 fellow
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 his
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Men
                 march'd
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 a
                 rising
                 Ground
                 ,
                 whereupon
                 the
                 rest
                 (
                 thinking
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 fled
                 )
                 broke
                 all
                 their
                 Ranks
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 to
                 their
                 Heels
                 .
                 Pithon
                 being
                 thus
                 Victor
                 ,
                 sent
                 a
                 Trumpet
                 to
                 the
                 Rebels
                 ,
                 ordering
                 them
                 to
                 lay
                 down
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 Capitulation
                 licensed
                 them
                 to
                 repair
                 every
                 Man
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 home
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 no
                 small
                 joy
                 to
                 Pithon
                 to
                 see
                 things
                 brought
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 pass
                 as
                 suited
                 directly
                 to
                 his
                 designs
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 had
                 now
                 all
                 confirm'd
                 by
                 Oath
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Grecians
                 intermixt
                 among
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 remembring
                 the
                 Orders
                 Perdiccas
                 had
                 given
                 ,
                 making
                 nothing
                 of
                 their
                 Oaths
                 ,
                 broke
                 Faith
                 with
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
                 For
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 they
                 fell
                 unexpectedly
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 every
                 Man
                 of
                 
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 all
                 they
                 had
                 :
                 And
                 so
                 Pithon
                 being
                 defeated
                 in
                 his
                 design
                 ,
                 return'd
                 with
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 to
                 Perdiccas
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 state
                 of
                 Affairs
                 in
                 Asia
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 in
                 Europe
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 cast
                 out
                 the
                 Garison
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 freed
                 their
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Athenians
                 began
                 a
                 War
                 against
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                 Lamian
                 War.
                 It
                 's
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 necessary
                 to
                 declare
                 the
                 Causes
                 of
                 this
                 War
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Progress
                 of
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 the
                 better
                 understood
                 .
              
               
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 had
                 order'd
                 all
                 the
                 Exiles
                 and
                 Out-law'd
                 Persons
                 of
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 to
                 be
                 recall'd
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 to
                 advance
                 his
                 own
                 Honour
                 and
                 Esteem
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 many
                 in
                 every
                 City
                 by
                 his
                 Clemency
                 ,
                 who
                 might
                 stand
                 up
                 for
                 his
                 Interest
                 against
                 the
                 Innovations
                 and
                 Defections
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 approach
                 therefore
                 of
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Celebrating
                 the
                 Olympiads
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 away
                 Nicanor
                 ,
                 a
                 Native
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 Stagira
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Letter
                 concerning
                 the
                 Restitution
                 of
                 the
                 Bandities
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 proclaim'd
                 by
                 the
                 Common
                 Cryer
                 ,
                 who
                 declar'd
                 him
                 that
                 was
                 Victor
                 ,
                 who
                 executed
                 the
                 Command
                 ,
                 and
                 read
                 the
                 Letter
                 in
                 these
                 Words
                 ,
                 —
              
               
                 
                   
                     King
                     Alexander
                     to
                     the
                     Banditties
                     of
                     the
                     Grecian
                     Cities
                     .
                  
                   
                     WE
                     were
                     not
                     the
                     Cause
                     of
                     your
                     Banishment
                     ,
                     but
                     will
                     be
                     of
                     the
                     Return
                     of
                     you
                     all
                     
                     into
                     your
                     own
                     Country
                     ,
                     excepting
                     such
                     as
                     are
                     Banish'd
                     for
                     outrageous
                     Crimes
                     :
                     of
                     which
                     things
                     we
                     have
                     written
                     to
                     Antipater
                     ,
                     requiring
                     him
                     to
                     proceed
                     by
                     Force
                     ,
                     against
                     all
                     such
                     as
                     shall
                     oppose
                     your
                     Restitution
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 When
                 these
                 Orders
                 were
                 proclaim'd
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 Shout
                 ,
                 testifying
                 their
                 approbation
                 :
                 For
                 those
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 present
                 at
                 the
                 Solemnity
                 ,
                 readily
                 laid
                 hold
                 on
                 the
                 King's
                 Mercy
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 their
                 Thanks
                 with
                 Expressions
                 of
                 their
                 Joy
                 ,
                 and
                 applauses
                 of
                 his
                 Grace
                 and
                 Favour
                 :
                 For
                 all
                 the
                 Banish'd
                 Men
                 were
                 then
                 got
                 together
                 at
                 the
                 Olympiads
                 ,
                 above
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 .
                 Many
                 there
                 were
                 who
                 approv'd
                 
                 of
                 their
                 Restitution
                 as
                 a
                 prudent
                 Act
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Aeolians
                 and
                 Athenians
                 were
                 much
                 offended
                 at
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Aeolians
                 expected
                 that
                 the
                 Oenians
                 who
                 were
                 banish'd
                 out
                 from
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 should
                 have
                 undergone
                 due
                 punishment
                 for
                 their
                 Crimes
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 Noise
                 with
                 his
                 Threats
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 only
                 punish
                 the
                 Children
                 of
                 the
                 Oenians
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 himself
                 would
                 execute
                 Justice
                 upon
                 the
                 Authors
                 themselves
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 would
                 not
                 yield
                 by
                 any
                 means
                 to
                 part
                 with
                 Samos
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 divided
                 by
                 lot
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 at
                 present
                 able
                 to
                 cope
                 with
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 they
                 judg'd
                 it
                 more
                 adviseable
                 to
                 sit
                 still
                 ,
                 and
                 watch
                 till
                 they
                 found
                 a
                 convenient
                 Opportunity
                 ,
                 which
                 Fortune
                 presently
                 offer'd
                 them
                 :
                 For
                 Alexander
                 dying
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 and
                 leaving
                 no
                 Children
                 to
                 succeed
                 him
                 ,
                 they
                 grew
                 confident
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 able
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 regain
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 vast
                 Treasure
                 left
                 by
                 Harpalus
                 ,
                 (
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 have
                 particularly
                 spoken
                 in
                 the
                 preceding
                 Book
                 )
                 and
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 were
                 disbanded
                 by
                 the
                 Lord-Lieutenants
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 were
                 great
                 Supports
                 and
                 Encouragements
                 for
                 the
                 carrying
                 on
                 of
                 this
                 War
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 were
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 of
                 them
                 then
                 about
                 Tenarus
                 in
                 Peloponensus
                 :
                 They
                 sent
                 therefore
                 privately
                 to
                 Leosthenes
                 .
                 
                 the
                 Athenian
                 ,
                 wishing
                 him
                 that
                 without
                 taking
                 notice
                 of
                 any
                 Order
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 accord
                 so
                 to
                 dispose
                 of
                 matters
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 have
                 those
                 Soldiers
                 in
                 readiness
                 when
                 occasion
                 serv'd
                 .
                 Antipater
                 likewise
                 so
                 contemn'd
                 Leosthenes
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 Careless
                 and
                 Negligent
                 in
                 preparing
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 gave
                 time
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 to
                 provide
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 that
                 Affair
                 .
              
               
               
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 Leosthenes
                 very
                 privately
                 Listed
                 these
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 beyond
                 all
                 expectation
                 )
                 had
                 ready
                 a
                 brave
                 Army
                 :
                 For
                 having
                 been
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 in
                 the
                 Wars
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 often
                 engag'd
                 in
                 many
                 great
                 Battles
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 become
                 very
                 expert
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 These
                 things
                 were
                 contriv'd
                 when
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Alexander
                 was
                 not
                 generally
                 known
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 a
                 Messenger
                 came
                 from
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 an
                 Eye
                 witness
                 of
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 declar'd
                 open
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Money
                 left
                 by
                 Harpalus
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Arms
                 to
                 Leosthenes
                 ,
                 charging
                 him
                 no
                 longer
                 to
                 conceal
                 or
                 palliate
                 the
                 Matrer
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 do
                 what
                 was
                 most
                 conducible
                 to
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 having
                 distributed
                 the
                 Money
                 among
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 commanded
                 ,
                 and
                 arm'd
                 those
                 that
                 wanted
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 into
                 Aetolia
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 joint
                 Assistance
                 of
                 both
                 Nations
                 .
                 The
                 Aetolians
                 join'd
                 very
                 readily
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 him
                 for
                 the
                 service
                 Seven
                 thousand
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 his
                 Messengers
                 ,
                 the
                 Locrians
                 and
                 Phocians
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 neighbouring
                 Nations
                 ,
                 to
                 stand
                 up
                 for
                 their
                 Liberties
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 free
                 Greece
                 from
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 Yoke
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Wealthy
                 Men
                 among
                 the
                 Athenians
                 
                 dissuaded
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Rabble
                 were
                 for
                 carrying
                 it
                 on
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Vigour
                 imaginable
                 :
                 Whence
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 who
                 were
                 for
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 nothing
                 to
                 live
                 upon
                 but
                 their
                 Pay
                 ,
                 were
                 far
                 the
                 greater
                 Number
                 :
                 To
                 which
                 sort
                 of
                 Men
                 Philip
                 was
                 us'd
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   War
                   was
                   as
                   Peace
                   ,
                   and
                   Peace
                   as
                   War.
                
                 Forthwith
                 therefore
                 ,
                 the
                 Orators
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 clos'd
                 with
                 the
                 Humours
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 )
                 wrote
                 down
                 the
                 Decree
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Athenians
                 should
                 take
                 upon
                 them
                 the
                 Care
                 and
                 Defence
                 of
                 the
                 Common
                 Liberty
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 should
                 free
                 all
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 from
                 their
                 several
                 Garisons
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 rig
                 out
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Forty
                 Gallies
                 of
                 Three
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 hundred
                 of
                 Four
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 all
                 Athenians
                 under
                 Forty
                 years
                 of
                 Age
                 should
                 take
                 up
                 Arms
                 ;
                 That
                 Three
                 of
                 the
                 Tribes
                 should
                 keep
                 Watch
                 and
                 Ward
                 in
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Seven
                 should
                 be
                 always
                 ready
                 to
                 march
                 abroad
                 :
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 Ambassadors
                 were
                 sent
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 to
                 inform
                 them
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 look'd
                 upon
                 all
                 Greece
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 common
                 Country
                 of
                 every
                 Grecian
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 heretofore
                 repuls'd
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 who
                 invaded
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 Design
                 to
                 Inslave
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 now
                 they
                 had
                 determin'd
                 to
                 oppose
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 for
                 the
                 common
                 Good
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Navies
                 ,
                 Lives
                 and
                 Fortunes
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Wiser
                 sort
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 judg'd
                 the
                 Athenians
                 more
                 forward
                 than
                 prudent
                 in
                 passing
                 this
                 Decree
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 design'd
                 seem'd
                 to
                 carry
                 an
                 honourable
                 Aspect
                 ,
                 but
                 
                 nothing
                 of
                 Profit
                 and
                 Advantage
                 to
                 the
                 State
                 :
                 For
                 that
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 stir
                 and
                 bustle
                 unseasonably
                 ,
                 and
                 began
                 a
                 War
                 against
                 mighty
                 and
                 victorious
                 Armies
                 when
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 necessity
                 for
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 they
                 had
                 the
                 repute
                 of
                 a
                 prudent
                 People
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 consider'd
                 not
                 the
                 notorious
                 Ruine
                 and
                 Destruction
                 of
                 Thebes
                 .
              
               
                 However
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 usual
                 florid
                 way
                 of
                 address
                 had
                 heated
                 and
                 egg'd
                 them
                 on
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 yet
                 many
                 confederated
                 in
                 the
                 League
                 ;
                 some
                 in
                 the
                 Names
                 of
                 their
                 several
                 Cities
                 ;
                 and
                 others
                 in
                 the
                 Names
                 of
                 whole
                 Countries
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 some
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 stood
                 Neuter
                 .
                 But
                 all
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 generally
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 before
                 said
                 )
                 enter'd
                 into
                 the
                 Confederacy
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 them
                 all
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 ,
                 except
                 them
                 of
                 Pellena
                 .
                 Likewise
                 the
                 Oetaeans
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 Heracleans
                 .
                 The
                 Phthiotians
                 amongst
                 the
                 Acheans
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 Thebans
                 .
                 The
                 Elians
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 Maleans
                 .
                 Then
                 generally
                 all
                 the
                 
                   Doreans
                   ,
                   Locrians
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Phocians
                 join'd
                 in
                 the
                 League
                 :
                 Also
                 the
                 
                   Enians
                   ,
                   Clyzeans
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Dolopeans
                 .
                 To
                 these
                 join'd
                 likewise
                 the
                 
                   Athamanes
                   ,
                   Leucadians
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Molossians
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Arypteus
                 :
                 But
                 this
                 Man
                 play'd
                 the
                 Impostor
                 in
                 the
                 Confederacy
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 underhand
                 treacherously
                 aided
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 small
                 Part
                 likewise
                 of
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 and
                 Thracians
                 (
                 out
                 of
                 hatred
                 to
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 )
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 League
                 together
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Carystines
                 out
                 of
                 Euboea
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 out
                 of
                 
                 Peloponnesus
                 the
                 
                   Argives
                   ,
                   Sicyonians
                   ,
                   Eleans
                   ,
                   Messenians
                   ,
                
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 Inhabited
                 *
                 Acta
                 .
                 All
                 these
                 before
                 nam'd
                 ,
                 confederated
                 with
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 also
                 sent
                 Auxiliaries
                 to
                 Leosthenes
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Mercenaries
                 ;
                 who
                 were
                 oppos'd
                 by
                 the
                 Boetians
                 in
                 their
                 march
                 through
                 Boetia
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Reasons
                 following
                 .
              
               
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 raz'd
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 granted
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Boetians
                 ;
                 who
                 divided
                 the
                 Lands
                 of
                 those
                 miserable
                 People
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 by
                 Lot
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 gain'd
                 large
                 Possessions
                 ;
                 who
                 understanding
                 that
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 if
                 they
                 prevail'd
                 )
                 design'd
                 to
                 restore
                 the
                 Country
                 and
                 Lands
                 to
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ;
                 and
                 while
                 the
                 Boetians
                 were
                 Encamp'd
                 at
                 
                   Platea
                   ,
                   Leosthenes
                
                 came
                 with
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Forces
                 into
                 Boetia
                 ,
                 and
                 drawing
                 up
                 the
                 Athenians
                 into
                 Battalia
                 ,
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 routed
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 Trophy
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 return'd
                 to
                 Pylas
                 .
                 Here
                 (
                 after
                 he
                 
                 had
                 block'd
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 Passages
                 )
                 he
                 Encamp'd
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 ,
                 expecting
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 left
                 Viceroy
                 of
                 Europe
                 by
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 heard
                 of
                 his
                 Death
                 at
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Divisions
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 sent
                 to
                 Craterus
                 in
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 him
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Force
                 he
                 had
                 for
                 his
                 Assistance
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 being
                 sent
                 away
                 some
                 time
                 before
                 into
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 had
                 ready
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 dismiss'd
                 from
                 the
                 Service
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 returning
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 .
                 He
                 likewise
                 solicited
                 Philotas
                 
                 (
                 who
                 had
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Phrygia
                 near
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 )
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 to
                 him
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Daughters
                 in
                 Marriage
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 heard
                 of
                 the
                 Insurrection
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 Sippas
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 General
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 raise
                 many
                 more
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 march'd
                 out
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 into
                 Thessaly
                 with
                 Thirteen
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 Six
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 :
                 (
                 For
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 there
                 was
                 great
                 scarcity
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Recruits
                 sent
                 into
                 
                   Asia
                   ;
                
                 )
                 With
                 these
                 Forces
                 sail'd
                 along
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 which
                 Alexander
                 had
                 sent
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 with
                 a
                 vast
                 Treasure
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Treasuries
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Navy
                 consisted
                 of
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 ten
                 Gallies
                 of
                 three
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 .
                 The
                 Thessalians
                 indeed
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 joining
                 with
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 had
                 sent
                 to
                 him
                 many
                 brave
                 Horses
                 ;
                 but
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 being
                 brought
                 over
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 into
                 the
                 contrary
                 Interest
                 ,
                 they
                 turn'd
                 off
                 with
                 their
                 Horse
                 to
                 Leosthenes
                 ,
                 and
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Athenians
                 for
                 the
                 recovery
                 of
                 the
                 Liberty
                 of
                 Greece
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Athenians
                 therefore
                 growing
                 very
                 strong
                 by
                 many
                 flocking
                 thus
                 in
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Grecians
                 
                 over
                 power'd
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 and
                 overcame
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 Battel
                 .
                 Antipater
                 being
                 routed
                 ,
                 not
                 daring
                 to
                 abide
                 in
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 nor
                 judging
                 it
                 safe
                 to
                 return
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 fled
                 to
                 Lamia
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 drew
                 in
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 repair'd
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 furnish'd
                 himself
                 with
                 Arms
                 Offensive
                 and
                 Defensive
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 Corn
                 and
                 Provision
                 ,
                 waiting
                 for
                 supplies
                 out
                 of
                 Asia
                 .
              
               
                 Leosthenes
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 coming
                 up
                 close
                 to
                 Lamia
                 ,
                 fortify'd
                 his
                 Camp
                 with
                 a
                 
                 deep
                 Trench
                 and
                 Rampire
                 :
                 And
                 first
                 he
                 drew
                 up
                 his
                 Army
                 in
                 the
                 face
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 to
                 provoke
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 to
                 fight
                 ;
                 But
                 they
                 not
                 daring
                 to
                 Engage
                 ,
                 he
                 daily
                 assaulted
                 the
                 Walls
                 with
                 fresh
                 Men
                 succeeding
                 one
                 another
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 made
                 a
                 stout
                 Defence
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 through
                 their
                 Rashness
                 and
                 Imprudence
                 were
                 cut
                 off
                 :
                 For
                 having
                 a
                 strong
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 great
                 Expence
                 being
                 strong
                 and
                 well
                 built
                 ,
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 easily
                 repuls'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 Leosthenes
                 therefore
                 perceiving
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 gain
                 the
                 Town
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 block'd
                 it
                 up
                 ,
                 to
                 hinder
                 all
                 supplies
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 supposing
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 would
                 be
                 presently
                 subdu'd
                 by
                 Famine
                 ,
                 and
                 want
                 of
                 Bread.
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 he
                 rais'd
                 a
                 Wall
                 ,
                 and
                 drew
                 a
                 deep
                 Trench
                 round
                 about
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 penn'd
                 them
                 up
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 (
                 being
                 call'd
                 away
                 upon
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 some
                 Publick
                 concerns
                 )
                 got
                 leave
                 of
                 Leosthenes
                 to
                 return
                 home
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 march'd
                 back
                 into
                 Aetolia
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 while
                 Antipater
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 was
                 in
                 these
                 desperate
                 Straights
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 City
                 near
                 
                 lost
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 Fortune
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 turn'd
                 the
                 Scale
                 to
                 the
                 Advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 For
                 Antipater
                 made
                 a
                 Sally
                 upon
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 busy'd
                 in
                 opening
                 the
                 Trenches
                 ;
                 where
                 Leosthenes
                 coming
                 in
                 to
                 their
                 Relief
                 ,
                 receiv'd
                 a
                 Blow
                 upon
                 the
                 Head
                 with
                 a
                 Stone
                 ,
                 which
                 fell'd
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 was
                 carry'd
                 off
                 half
                 dead
                 into
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 died
                 the
                 Third
                 day
                 after
                 ;
                 and
                 was
                 honourably
                 Bury'd
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Noble
                 Service
                 he
                 had
                 perform'd
                 in
                 the
                 War.
                 The
                 Athenians
                 commanded
                 Hyperides
                 to
                 set
                 forth
                 his
                 Praise
                 in
                 a
                 Funeral
                 Oration
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 esteem'd
                 the
                 Chiefest
                 of
                 the
                 Orators
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 his
                 Eloquence
                 ,
                 and
                 particular
                 hatred
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 :
                 For
                 Demosthenes
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 Orator
                 was
                 then
                 fled
                 ,
                 being
                 condemn'd
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 Bribes
                 from
                 
                   Harpalus
                   .
                   Antiphilus
                
                 ,
                 a
                 Prudent
                 and
                 Valiant
                 Commander
                 ,
                 was
                 created
                 General
                 
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 of
                 Leosthenes
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Europe
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 II.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Ptolemy
                   gains
                   Aegypt
                   .
                   Leagues
                   with
                   
                     Antipater
                     .
                     Lysimachus
                  
                   enters
                   
                     Thrace
                     .
                     Leonatus
                  
                   comes
                   to
                   relieve
                   Antipater
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   routed
                   .
                   The
                   Grecians
                   beaten
                   at
                   Sea.
                   Perdiccas
                   conquers
                   Ariarathes
                   Prince
                   of
                   Cappadocia
                   ;
                   Crucifies
                   him
                   ;
                   Delivers
                   the
                   Province
                   to
                   Eumenes
                   .
                   The
                   Grecians
                   quite
                   routed
                   by
                   Craterus
                   and
                   Antipater
                   The
                   Athenians
                   at
                   length
                   submit
                   after
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   but
                   the
                   Aetolians
                   .
                   The
                   End
                   of
                   the
                   Lamian
                   War.
                   The
                   War
                   in
                   Cyrene
                   by
                   
                     Thimbro
                     .
                     Ophellas
                  
                   routs
                   
                     Thimbro
                     .
                     Cyrene
                  
                   gain'd
                   by
                   
                     Ptolemy
                     .
                     Larinda
                  
                   Sack'd
                   .
                   The
                   Destruction
                   of
                   the
                   Isaurians
                   by
                   themselves
                   .
                   Perdiccas
                   affects
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   of
                   Macedon
                   ;
                   is
                   oppos'd
                   by
                   Antigonus
                   .
                   The
                   Aetolians
                   block'd
                   up
                   by
                   Craterus
                   and
                   
                     Antipater
                     .
                     Antigonus
                  
                   discovers
                   Perdiccas
                   his
                   Design
                   .
                   Peace
                   made
                   with
                   the
                   
                     Aetolians
                     .
                     Perdiccas
                  
                   marches
                   against
                   Ptolemy
                   into
                   Aegypt
                   .
                
              
               
                 IN
                 
                   Asia
                   ,
                   Ptolemy
                
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 had
                 a
                 share
                 in
                 the
                 Division
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 without
                 
                 any
                 difficulty
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 himself
                 with
                 great
                 Mildness
                 and
                 winning
                 Behaviour
                 towards
                 the
                 People
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 a
                 Treasure
                 of
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Mercenaries
                 :
                 And
                 many
                 out
                 of
                 love
                 flock'd
                 to
                 him
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Goodness
                 of
                 his
                 Disposition
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 enter'd
                 into
                 League
                 with
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 assur'd
                 that
                 Perdiccas
                 design'd
                 to
                 dispossess
                 him
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 Lysmachus
                 broke
                 into
                 some
                 parts
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 and
                 found
                 Seuthas
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 
                 Encamp'd
                 with
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 But
                 Lysimachus
                 (
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 above
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 only
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 )
                 was
                 not
                 affrighted
                 with
                 the
                 Multitude
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 And
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 much
                 inferior
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 yet
                 his
                 Valour
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 hot
                 and
                 sharp
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 (
                 but
                 many
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 )
                 he
                 return'd
                 to
                 his
                 Camp
                 almost
                 Victorious
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 both
                 Armies
                 drew
                 off
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 and
                 each
                 made
                 greater
                 Preparations
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 decide
                 the
                 Controversie
                 by
                 the
                 Sword.
                 
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 Leonatus
                 ,
                 he
                 promis'd
                 speedy
                 Aid
                 to
                 Antipater
                 and
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 being
                 sollicited
                 by
                 Hecateus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 sent
                 to
                 him
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 .
                 Landing
                 therefore
                 in
                 Europe
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 got
                 together
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 above
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 thousand
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 through
                 Thessaly
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 the
                 Grecians
                 drew
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 *
                 Siege
                 and
                 burnt
                 their
                 Tents
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 away
                 all
                 their
                 sick
                 Men
                 and
                 heavy
                 Baggage
                 to
                 **
                 Melitea
                 :
                 And
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 (
                 ready
                 and
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 Battel
                 )
                 march'd
                 straight
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 met
                 Leonatus
                 his
                 forces
                 before
                 Antipater
                 had
                 join'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 two
                 Armies
                 were
                 come
                 up
                 together
                 .
                 The
                 Grecians
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 were
                 Two
                 and
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 Aeolians
                 were
                 return'd
                 home
                 some
                 time
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 were
                 gone
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 )
                 and
                 as
                 to
                 their
                 Horse
                 (
                 which
                 were
                 above
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Five
                 hundred
                 )
                 they
                 fought
                 together
                 in
                 one
                 Body
                 ;
                 amongst
                 whom
                 were
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Thessalians
                 ,
                 (
                 Brave
                 and
                 Valiant
                 Men
                 )
                 upon
                 whom
                 they
                 most
                 rely'd
                 for
                 the
                 obtaining
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
                 The
                 Horse
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 fought
                 stoutly
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 by
                 their
                 extraordinary
                 
                 Valour
                 at
                 length
                 prevailing
                 ,
                 Leonatus
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 he
                 fought
                 with
                 great
                 Courage
                 and
                 Resolution
                 )
                 was
                 driven
                 and
                 penn'd
                 up
                 within
                 a
                 Morass
                 ,
                 and
                 over-loaden
                 with
                 his
                 Arms
                 (
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 many
                 wounds
                 )
                 was
                 there
                 slain
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 off
                 dead
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Men
                 to
                 the
                 Carriages
                 .
                 The
                 Greeks
                 having
                 now
                 gain'd
                 so
                 famous
                 a
                 Victory
                 (
                 in
                 which
                 Menon
                 the
                 Thessalian
                 commanded
                 the
                 Horse
                 )
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 Phalanx
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 withdrew
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 plain
                 and
                 open
                 Field
                 ,
                 and
                 betook
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 steep
                 and
                 rocky
                 Hills
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 Places
                 there
                 ,
                 defended
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 However
                 ,
                 the
                 Thessalian
                 Horse
                 attempted
                 to
                 break
                 in
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 through
                 the
                 Disadvantage
                 of
                 the
                 Places
                 ,
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 any
                 thing
                 .
                 The
                 Grecians
                 therefore
                 being
                 Masters
                 of
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 Trophy
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 off
                 all
                 further
                 pursuit
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 ,
                 as
                 
                 soon
                 as
                 Antipater
                 came
                 up
                 with
                 his
                 Troops
                 ,
                 he
                 join'd
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 broken
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 all
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 making
                 one
                 Camp
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 perceiving
                 that
                 the
                 Thessalians
                 were
                 too
                 strong
                 for
                 him
                 in
                 Horse
                 ,
                 he
                 judg'd
                 it
                 most
                 advisable
                 to
                 be
                 quiet
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 ,
                 hot
                 daring
                 to
                 attempt
                 to
                 force
                 his
                 Way
                 by
                 the
                 Sword.
                 And
                 therefore
                 he
                 march'd
                 off
                 over
                 Hills
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 craggy
                 Places
                 ,
                 not
                 easie
                 to
                 be
                 pursu'd
                 .
                 Antiphilus
                 the
                 Graecian
                 General
                 (
                 who
                 gain'd
                 this
                 glorious
                 Victory
                 over
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 )
                 continu'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 in
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 observing
                 the
                 Motions
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 happy
                 Success
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Graecians
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 because
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 were
                 Masters
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 the
                 Athenians
                 built
                 so
                 many
                 Ships
                 
                 more
                 as
                 to
                 make
                 up
                 their
                 Fleet
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 seventy
                 Sail
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 Fleet
                 consisted
                 of
                 Two
                 hundred
                 and
                 forty
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Clitus
                 their
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 who
                 engag'd
                 in
                 two
                 Sea
                 Fights
                 at
                 the
                 Echinade
                 Islands
                 with
                 Eeton
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 and
                 beat
                 him
                 in
                 both
                 ,
                 sinking
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 Ships
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Perdiccas
                 (
                 having
                 with
                 him
                 King
                 Philip
                 and
                 the
                 King's
                 Army
                 )
                 undertook
                 
                 an
                 Expedition
                 against
                 Ariarathes
                 Prince
                 of
                 Cappadocia
                 ,
                 who
                 though
                 he
                 submitted
                 not
                 to
                 the
                 Empire
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 yet
                 Alexander
                 being
                 busi'd
                 in
                 his
                 Wars
                 with
                 Darius
                 ,
                 pass'd
                 him
                 by
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 enjoy'd
                 the
                 Principality
                 of
                 Cappadocia
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 without
                 any
                 Disturbance
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 he
                 laid
                 up
                 a
                 vast
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 Revenues
                 ,
                 and
                 rais'd
                 an
                 Army
                 both
                 from
                 Foreigners
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 among
                 his
                 own
                 People
                 :
                 And
                 claiming
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 as
                 his
                 own
                 just
                 Right
                 ,
                 he
                 prepar'd
                 to
                 try
                 it
                 out
                 with
                 Perdiccas
                 ,
                 
                 having
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Fifteen
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 :
                 At
                 length
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 a
                 Battel
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Perdiccas
                 was
                 Victor
                 ,
                 who
                 kill'd
                 Four
                 thousand
                 upon
                 the
                 spot
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 took
                 Six
                 thousand
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 was
                 Ariarathes
                 himself
                 ,
                 whom
                 together
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Kindred
                 he
                 first
                 scourg'd
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 crucifi'd
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 pardon'd
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 settl'd
                 Affairs
                 in
                 Cappadocia
                 ,
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 the
                 Province
                 to
                 Eumenes
                 of
                 Cardia
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 govern'd
                 by
                 him
                 as
                 his
                 Share
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Allotment
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 Agreement
                 .
                 
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Craterus
                 arriv'd
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 out
                 of
                 Cilicia
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 assist
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 to
                 repair
                 the
                 Losses
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 He
                 brought
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 Six
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 which
                 Alexander
                 had
                 taken
                 over
                 with
                 him
                 at
                 first
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 thousand
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 listed
                 in
                 the
                 way
                 as
                 he
                 march'd
                 ,
                 besides
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Persian
                 Darters
                 and
                 Slingers
                 ,
                 and
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 into
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 he
                 join'd
                 his
                 Forces
                 at
                 the
                 River
                 Peneius
                 to
                 
                 Antipater's
                 ,
                 yielding
                 the
                 chief
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 came
                 with
                 Leonnatus
                 ,
                 amounted
                 to
                 above
                 Forty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Darters
                 and
                 Slingers
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 The
                 Graecians
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 encamp'd
                 over-against
                 them
                 ,
                 being
                 much
                 inferior
                 in
                 Number
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 For
                 many
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 late
                 Victory
                 ,
                 slighted
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 were
                 return'd
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Countries
                 to
                 look
                 after
                 their
                 own
                 private
                 Affairs
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 cause
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 left
                 in
                 the
                 Camp
                 that
                 observ'd
                 no
                 due
                 Order
                 or
                 Discipline
                 :
                 They
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 Five
                 and
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 thousand
                 five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 in
                 whom
                 they
                 plac'd
                 great
                 Confidence
                 of
                 Victory
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 plain
                 Champain
                 Country
                 that
                 lay
                 before
                 them
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 Antipater
                 drew
                 out
                 his
                 Forces
                 every
                 day
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 to
                 provoke
                 the
                 Graecians
                 to
                 fight
                 ;
                 who
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 waited
                 some
                 considerable
                 time
                 for
                 the
                 return
                 of
                 their
                 Soldiers
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 through
                 the
                 urgency
                 of
                 their
                 present
                 Circumstances
                 ,
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 venture
                 all
                 and
                 ingage
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 Drawing
                 up
                 therefore
                 into
                 Battalia
                 ,
                 and
                 designing
                 to
                 decide
                 the
                 Matter
                 by
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 they
                 plac'd
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Van
                 before
                 the
                 Foot
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 the
                 Horse
                 on
                 both
                 Sides
                 presently
                 fell
                 to
                 it
                 :
                 And
                 while
                 they
                 were
                 thus
                 hotly
                 engag'd
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 the
                 Thessalian
                 Horse
                 had
                 the
                 better
                 of
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 )
                 Antipater
                 broke
                 in
                 with
                 his
                 Battalion
                 upon
                 the
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 among
                 them
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Graecians
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 stand
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Shock
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 bore
                 them
                 down
                 with
                 their
                 Multitudes
                 pouring
                 in
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 )
                 they
                 retreated
                 in
                 all
                 hast
                 (
                 but
                 in
                 good
                 order
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 Fastnesses
                 and
                 difficult
                 Passes
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 having
                 gain'd
                 the
                 higher
                 Ground
                 by
                 that
                 Advantage
                 they
                 easily
                 repuls'd
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Graecian
                 Horse
                 (
                 though
                 they
                 had
                 the
                 better
                 )
                 yet
                 perceiving
                 that
                 their
                 Foot
                 was
                 gone
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 made
                 after
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 the
                 Horse
                 (
                 leaving
                 off
                 the
                 Fight
                 )
                 were
                 so
                 broken
                 and
                 dispers'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 got
                 the
                 Day
                 .
                 
                 There
                 were
                 slain
                 of
                 the
                 Graecians
                 in
                 this
                 Battel
                 above
                 Five
                 hundred
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 thirty
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 Memnon
                 and
                 Antiphalus
                 call'd
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 debated
                 ,
                 
                 whether
                 they
                 should
                 expect
                 Aid
                 from
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 wait
                 to
                 see
                 if
                 soldiers
                 sufficient
                 could
                 be
                 rais'd
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 try
                 it
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 ;
                 or
                 yielding
                 to
                 the
                 Time
                 ,
                 and
                 bearing
                 their
                 present
                 Disasters
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 send
                 away
                 Agents
                 to
                 treat
                 upon
                 Terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 they
                 concluded
                 to
                 send
                 *
                 Heralds
                 to
                 treat
                 accordingly
                 ;
                 who
                 executing
                 their
                 Orders
                 ,
                 
                 *
                 Antipater
                 answer'd
                 them
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 expected
                 that
                 every
                 City
                 should
                 treat
                 severally
                 by
                 its
                 own
                 Ambassadors
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 upon
                 any
                 Terms
                 make
                 a
                 General
                 Peace
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Graecians
                 would
                 not
                 admit
                 of
                 any
                 Treaty
                 with
                 the
                 several
                 Cities
                 apart
                 ,
                 therefore
                 Antipater
                 and
                 Craterus
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 them
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 the
                 Graecians
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 relieve
                 them
                 .
                 This
                 so
                 terrifi'd
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 transacted
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 their
                 several
                 Cities
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Ambassadors
                 ;
                 towards
                 whom
                 he
                 carry'd
                 himself
                 with
                 all
                 Demonstrations
                 of
                 Courtesy
                 and
                 gaining
                 Behaviour
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 Every
                 City
                 therefore
                 being
                 desirous
                 to
                 provide
                 for
                 its
                 own
                 safety
                 ,
                 all
                 
                 of
                 them
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 obtain'd
                 Peace
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 and
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 implacable
                 Enemies
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Macedonians
                   ,
                
                 )
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 thus
                 deserted
                 by
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 consulted
                 with
                 their
                 Commanders
                 about
                 carrying
                 on
                 of
                 the
                 War.
                 But
                 Antipater
                 having
                 by
                 this
                 Artifice
                 thus
                 broken
                 the
                 Confederacy
                 ,
                 led
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 Athenians
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 People
                 (
                 being
                 forsaken
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 )
                 were
                 greatly
                 terrifi'd
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 knew
                 not
                 which
                 way
                 to
                 turn
                 themselves
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 having
                 their
                 Eyes
                 upon
                 Demades
                 ,
                 cry'd
                 out
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 sent
                 Ambassador
                 to
                 Antipater
                 to
                 treat
                 for
                 Peace
                 in
                 their
                 behalf
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 refus'd
                 to
                 come
                 into
                 the
                 Senate
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 thrice
                 condemn'd
                 for
                 violating
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 become
                 infamous
                 ,
                 and
                 disabled
                 by
                 the
                 Law
                 to
                 sit
                 in
                 Council
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 restor'd
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 his
                 former
                 Credit
                 and
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 (
                 together
                 with
                 Phocion
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 join'd
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 Commission
                 )
                 undertook
                 the
                 Embassy
                 .
                 When
                 Antipater
                 had
                 heard
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 he
                 told
                 them
                 ,
                 That
                 
                   he
                   would
                   make
                   Peace
                   with
                   the
                
                 Athenians
                 
                   upon
                   no
                   other
                   Terms
                   ,
                   but
                   upon
                   giving
                   up
                   all
                   they
                   had
                   into
                   his
                   Hands
                   :
                
                 For
                 the
                 same
                 Answer
                 the
                 Athenians
                 gave
                 to
                 Antipater
                 when
                 he
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 them
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 he
                 was
                 shut
                 up
                 in
                 Lamia
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 People
                 being
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 resist
                 ,
                 were
                 
                 brought
                 to
                 a
                 necessity
                 to
                 give
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 Power
                 and
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 into
                 the
                 dispose
                 of
                 Antipater
                 ;
                 who
                 with
                 great
                 Humanity
                 and
                 Generosity
                 granted
                 their
                 City
                 their
                 Estates
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Things
                 to
                 them
                 back
                 again
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 dissolv'd
                 the
                 Government
                 by
                 a
                 Democracy
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 that
                 the
                 Value
                 of
                 every
                 Person
                 's
                 Estate
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 Rule
                 for
                 the
                 chusing
                 of
                 Magistrates
                 ;
                 as
                 that
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 worth
                 above
                 Two
                 thousand
                 
                 Drachma's
                 might
                 be
                 capable
                 of
                 being
                 Magistrates
                 ,
                 and
                 giving
                 of
                 Votes
                 for
                 chusing
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 not
                 of
                 such
                 Estates
                 ,
                 he
                 remov'd
                 them
                 as
                 Turbulent
                 and
                 Factious
                 ,
                 not
                 suffering
                 
                 them
                 to
                 have
                 any
                 thing
                 to
                 do
                 in
                 any
                 publick
                 Business
                 ;
                 and
                 granted
                 new
                 Seats
                 and
                 Estates
                 in
                 Thessaly
                 to
                 any
                 that
                 would
                 remove
                 thither
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 above
                 Two
                 and
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 of
                 that
                 sort
                 of
                 Citizens
                 were
                 transplanted
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 .
                 The
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 Country
                 belonging
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 was
                 given
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 who
                 had
                 the
                 Estates
                 before
                 limited
                 and
                 appointed
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 there
                 were
                 about
                 Nine
                 thousand
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 govern'd
                 the
                 State
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 Solon
                 .
                 And
                 all
                 their
                 Estates
                 were
                 left
                 to
                 them
                 intire
                 ,
                 and
                 untouch'd
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 receive
                 a
                 Garison
                 under
                 Menyllus
                 the
                 Governor
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 in
                 aw
                 ,
                 and
                 prevent
                 new
                 Stirs
                 and
                 Disturbances
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Matter
                 of
                 Samos
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 referr'd
                 to
                 the
                 Decision
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Kings
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 Athenians
                 (
                 beyond
                 their
                 Expectation
                 )
                 were
                 kindly
                 us'd
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 at
                 Peace
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 ,
                 (
                 Governing
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 without
                 Tumults
                 and
                 Seditions
                 ,
                 and
                 quietly
                 following
                 their
                 Husbandry
                 ,
                 )
                 they
                 grew
                 very
                 rich
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 Antipater
                 being
                 return'd
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 honourably
                 and
                 bountifully
                 rewarded
                 Craterus
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Desert
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 him
                 Phila
                 his
                 eldest
                 Daughter
                 in
                 Marriage
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 
                 Craterus
                 return'd
                 into
                 
                   Asia
                   .
                   Antipater
                
                 carry'd
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Moderation
                 and
                 winning
                 Behaviour
                 towards
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 well
                 ordering
                 and
                 reforming
                 their
                 
                 Governments
                 ,
                 whereby
                 he
                 wan
                 Praise
                 and
                 Renown
                 in
                 every
                 Place
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 Perdiccas
                 ,
                 he
                 restor'd
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 Territory
                 of
                 Samos
                 to
                 the
                 Samians
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 caus'd
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 Exiles
                 above
                 Three
                 and
                 forty
                 Years
                 ,
                 to
                 return
                 into
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 Having
                 now
                 gone
                 through
                 the
                 Occurrents
                 in
                 the
                 Lamian
                 War
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 pass
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 in
                 Cyrene
                 ,
                 lest
                 we
                 should
                 straggle
                 too
                 far
                 into
                 Times
                 far
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 continu'd
                 
                 Course
                 and
                 Connexion
                 of
                 the
                 History
                 .
                 But
                 to
                 make
                 Things
                 more
                 clear
                 and
                 evident
                 ,
                 we
                 must
                 have
                 recourse
                 to
                 Matters
                 done
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 Harpalus
                 had
                 left
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 arriv'd
                 with
                 his
                 Mercenaries
                 in
                 Creet
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 
                 the
                 Book
                 next
                 before
                 this
                 is
                 related
                 ;
                 Thimbro
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 special
                 Friends
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 )
                 having
                 assassinated
                 Harpalus
                 ,
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Monies
                 ,
                 and
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 Seven
                 thousand
                 Men.
                 He
                 got
                 likewise
                 the
                 Navy
                 into
                 his
                 Hands
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 putting
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 aboard
                 ,
                 sail'd
                 to
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Cyrenians
                 ;
                 where
                 joining
                 with
                 the
                 Cyrenian
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 their
                 Conduct
                 for
                 the
                 prosecuting
                 of
                 his
                 Designs
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 well
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 Ways
                 ,
                 and
                 Passes
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 approach
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Cyrenians
                   ,
                   Thimbro
                
                 fought
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 routed
                 them
                 ,
                 killing
                 many
                 upon
                 the
                 spot
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 many
                 Prisoners
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 forc'd
                 the
                 conquer'd
                 Cyreneans
                 (
                 now
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Fright
                 )
                 into
                 a
                 Composition
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 
                 buy
                 their
                 Peace
                 at
                 the
                 Price
                 of
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 deliver
                 to
                 him
                 one
                 half
                 of
                 all
                 their
                 Chariots
                 ready
                 and
                 fitted
                 for
                 any
                 warlike
                 Expedition
                 .
                 He
                 sent
                 likewise
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 other
                 Cities
                 ,
                 soliciting
                 them
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 purpos'd
                 to
                 conquer
                 all
                 the
                 Lower
                 Africa
                 .
                 He
                 seiz'd
                 likewise
                 upon
                 all
                 the
                 Merchants
                 Goods
                 in
                 the
                 Haven
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 them
                 for
                 Plunder
                 to
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 to
                 encourage
                 them
                 to
                 stick
                 to
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 But
                 in
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 his
                 Prosperity
                 ,
                 a
                 sudden
                 Blast
                 of
                 Fortune
                 brought
                 him
                 very
                 low
                 upon
                 the
                 following
                 occasion
                 .
                 Mnasiclus
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Captains
                 ,
                 a
                 Cretian
                 born
                 ,
                 an
                 expert
                 Commander
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 quarrel
                 with
                 him
                 about
                 the
                 Division
                 of
                 the
                 Spoil
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 of
                 a
                 bold
                 and
                 turbulent
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 he
                 thereupon
                 Deserted
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 over
                 to
                 the
                 Cyrenians
                 ;
                 where
                 making
                 great
                 Complaints
                 of
                 
                 Thimbro's
                 Cruelty
                 and
                 Breach
                 of
                 Faith
                 ,
                 he
                 persuaded
                 them
                 to
                 dissolve
                 the
                 League
                 and
                 assert
                 their
                 Liberty
                 .
                 Thereupon
                 they
                 stopt
                 their
                 hands
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 pay
                 no
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 Talents
                 of
                 Silver
                 agreed
                 upon
                 ,
                 having
                 only
                 paid
                 Sixty
                 .
              
               
                 Thimbro
                 hereupon
                 accus'd
                 them
                 of
                 Treachery
                 and
                 breach
                 of
                 Faith
                 ,
                 and
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 of
                 the
                 Cyrenians
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 close
                 Siege
                 to
                 Cyrene
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 prevail
                 he
                 drew
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 to
                 the
                 Port.
                 The
                 Barceans
                 and
                 Hesperitans
                 sided
                 with
                 Thimbro
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Cyrenians
                 drew
                 out
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Forces
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 them
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Territories
                 ;
                 to
                 whose
                 assistance
                 Thimbro
                 (
                 whose
                 aid
                 was
                 desir'd
                 )
                 march'd
                 out
                 with
                 what
                 Soldiers
                 he
                 had
                 then
                 ready
                 at
                 hand
                 .
                 The
                 Cretian
                 taking
                 advantage
                 of
                 that
                 opportunity
                 when
                 he
                 conceiv'd
                 
                 few
                 were
                 left
                 in
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 advis'd
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 in
                 Cyrene
                 to
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 who
                 readily
                 comply'd
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 was
                 the
                 Principal
                 Actor
                 in
                 the
                 Attempt
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 easily
                 accomplish'd
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 
                 Thimbro's
                 absence
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 whatever
                 Merchandize
                 was
                 left
                 in
                 the
                 Port
                 he
                 restor'd
                 to
                 the
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 and
                 fortify'd
                 the
                 Haven
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Care
                 and
                 Diligence
                 imaginable
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 first
                 Disaster
                 greatly
                 discourag'd
                 Thimbro
                 ,
                 having
                 both
                 lost
                 so
                 convenient
                 a
                 Post
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 his
                 Carriages
                 .
                 But
                 afterwards
                 plucking
                 up
                 his
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 of
                 Taricha
                 by
                 Assault
                 ,
                 his
                 Hope
                 's
                 reviv'd
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 he
                 again
                 sustain'd
                 a
                 mighty
                 Loss
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Fleet
                 by
                 being
                 excluded
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 great
                 want
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 every
                 day
                 rov'd
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 the
                 Fields
                 to
                 get
                 what
                 they
                 could
                 for
                 the
                 supply
                 of
                 their
                 Necessities
                 .
                 Thereupon
                 ,
                 the
                 Africans
                 lying
                 in
                 Ambush
                 ,
                 fell
                 upon
                 them
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 roving
                 all
                 over
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 multitudes
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 many
                 Prisoners
                 :
                 The
                 rest
                 escap'd
                 to
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 sail'd
                 away
                 towards
                 the
                 Confederate
                 Cities
                 ;
                 but
                 were
                 overtaken
                 with
                 so
                 violent
                 a
                 Storm
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 were
                 swallow'd
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 some
                 were
                 driven
                 to
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 to
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 .
                 Notwithstanding
                 which
                 distresses
                 ,
                 Thimbro
                 went
                 on
                 still
                 with
                 the
                 War
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 sent
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 into
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 to
                 list
                 Soldiers
                 of
                 those
                 Strangers
                 
                 that
                 were
                 then
                 still
                 at
                 Tenarus
                 :
                 For
                 there
                 were
                 then
                 many
                 Disbanded
                 ,
                 wandring
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 ,
                 seeking
                 to
                 be
                 Listed
                 by
                 any
                 that
                 would
                 employ
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Two
                 thousand
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 and
                 upwards
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 took
                 these
                 into
                 Pay
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 sail
                 with
                 them
                 straight
                 towards
                 Cyrene
                 :
                 Before
                 whose
                 arrival
                 the
                 Cyrenians
                 hearten'd
                 by
                 their
                 Successes
                 ,
                 had
                 fought
                 with
                 Thimbro
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 cut
                 off
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ;
                 By
                 reason
                 of
                 which
                 losses
                 Thimbro
                 gave
                 up
                 all
                 for
                 gone
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 Cyrene
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 unexpected
                 arrival
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 from
                 Tenarus
                 ,
                 so
                 strengthen'd
                 his
                 Army
                 that
                 he
                 took
                 fresh
                 Courage
                 ,
                 and
                 resum'd
                 his
                 former
                 Hopes
                 of
                 Victory
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Cyrenians
                 perceiving
                 that
                 the
                 War
                 was
                 renew'd
                 ,
                 crav'd
                 supplies
                 from
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Africans
                 and
                 Carthaginians
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 rais'd
                 an
                 Army
                 compos'd
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Citizens
                 and
                 others
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 men
                 ,
                 they
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 lay
                 all
                 at
                 stake
                 ,
                 and
                 try
                 it
                 out
                 in
                 a
                 Battel
                 .
                 A
                 very
                 sharp
                 Battel
                 therefore
                 was
                 fought
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Thimbro
                 was
                 Victor
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 slaughter
                 of
                 a
                 Multitude
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ;
                 which
                 chear'd
                 up
                 his
                 Spirits
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 presently
                 be
                 Master
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Cities
                 .
                 The
                 Cyrenians
                 after
                 this
                 Fight
                 ,
                 having
                 lost
                 all
                 their
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 join'd
                 Mnasiclus
                 the
                 Cretian
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 others
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 chief
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 .
                 But
                 Thimbro
                 lifted
                 
                 up
                 with
                 his
                 Victory
                 ,
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 Haven
                 of
                 Cyrene
                 ,
                 and
                 assaulted
                 the
                 City
                 every
                 day
                 :
                 The
                 Siege
                 continuing
                 long
                 ,
                 the
                 Cyrenians
                 for
                 lack
                 of
                 Bread
                 sell
                 out
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Rabble
                 (
                 being
                 the
                 greatest
                 in
                 number
                 )
                 thrust
                 sorth
                 the
                 Rich
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 some
                 of
                 whom
                 fled
                 to
                 Thimbro
                 ,
                 others
                 into
                 Aegypt
                 .
                 Those
                 in
                 Aegypt
                 address'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 Ptolemy
                 for
                 assistance
                 ,
                 to
                 help
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 return
                 ,
                 and
                 prevail'd
                 so
                 far
                 as
                 that
                 they
                 went
                 back
                 with
                 great
                 Forces
                 both
                 for
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Ophellas
                 their
                 Governor
                 .
                 When
                 their
                 Return
                 was
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 ,
                 those
                 Exiles
                 who
                 were
                 with
                 Thimbro
                 contriv'd
                 to
                 steal
                 away
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 join'd
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 arriv'd
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 detected
                 they
                 were
                 all
                 knock'd
                 on
                 the
                 Head.
                 
              
               
               
                 The
                 Ringleaders
                 of
                 the
                 Sedition
                 in
                 Cyrene
                 being
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 the
                 return
                 of
                 the
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 Thimbro
                 ,
                 and
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 against
                 Ophellas
                 .
                 But
                 Ophellas
                 routed
                 Thimbro
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 him
                 Prisoner
                 ,
                 and
                 recover'd
                 all
                 the
                 Towns
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 the
                 Cities
                 with
                 their
                 Territories
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 Ptolemy
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 Cyrenians
                 and
                 the
                 
                 neighbouring
                 Cities
                 lost
                 their
                 former
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 became
                 subject
                 to
                 Ptolemy
                 .
              
               
                 Perdiccas
                 and
                 King
                 Philip
                 having
                 overcome
                 Ariarathes
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 the
                 Province
                 to
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 departed
                 out
                 of
                 Cappadocia
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 came
                 into
                 Pisidia
                 ,
                 they
                 determin'd
                 to
                 raze
                 those
                 two
                 Cities
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Larandians
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 of
                 the
                 Isaurians
                 :
                 For
                 in
                 the
                 
                 life
                 time
                 of
                 Alexander
                 they
                 had
                 killed
                 Balacrus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Nicanor
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 appointed
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 .
                 Laranda
                 therefore
                 they
                 took
                 upon
                 the
                 first
                 Assault
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 Arms
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 sold
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 
                 for
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 the
                 City
                 equal
                 with
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Isaurians
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 large
                 and
                 well
                 fortify'd
                 ,
                 and
                 mann'd
                 with
                 resolute
                 and
                 stout
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 assaulted
                 it
                 two
                 Days
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 lost
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 draw
                 off
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 being
                 plentifully
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 enduring
                 of
                 a
                 Siege
                 ,
                 were
                 resolute
                 to
                 undergo
                 all
                 Hazards
                 ,
                 and
                 readily
                 sold
                 their
                 Lives
                 for
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 their
                 Liberty
                 .
                 But
                 upon
                 the
                 third
                 Day
                 having
                 lost
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 sufficiently
                 to
                 man
                 their
                 Walls
                 for
                 lack
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 they
                 put
                 in
                 execution
                 a
                 most
                 Heroical
                 Piece
                 of
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 worthy
                 for
                 ever
                 to
                 be
                 remembred
                 .
                 For
                 perceiving
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 destin'd
                 to
                 inevitable
                 Destruction
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 not
                 Force
                 sufficient
                 for
                 their
                 Defence
                 ,
                 they
                 judg'd
                 it
                 not
                 advisable
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Will
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 their
                 certain
                 Ruin
                 with
                 the
                 most
                 barbarous
                 Usage
                 was
                 obvious
                 before
                 their
                 Eyes
                 .
                 Therefore
                 they
                 all
                 unanimously
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 die
                 honourably
                 together
                 ;
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 they
                 shut
                 up
                 their
                 Wives
                 ,
                 Children
                 and
                 Parents
                 in
                 their
                 Houses
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 them
                 on
                 
                 fire
                 ,
                 making
                 Choice
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 to
                 perish
                 and
                 be
                 bury'd
                 together
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Flame
                 mounted
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 the
                 Isamians
                 threw
                 all
                 their
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 was
                 Valuable
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 might
                 be
                 of
                 any
                 advantage
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 Fire
                 .
                 The
                 Besiegers
                 were
                 stricken
                 with
                 Admiration
                 at
                 the
                 Sight
                 ,
                 and
                 ran
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 seeking
                 where
                 to
                 break
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 but
                 those
                 that
                 remain'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Walls
                 for
                 their
                 Defence
                 ,
                 threw
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 down
                 headlong
                 from
                 the
                 Battlements
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 Perdiccas
                 much
                 more
                 admir'd
                 ,
                 and
                 enquir'd
                 what
                 was
                 the
                 Reason
                 ,
                 that
                 having
                 set
                 all
                 their
                 Houses
                 and
                 every
                 thing
                 besides
                 on
                 fire
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 diligent
                 and
                 careful
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Walls
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 when
                 Perdiccas
                 with
                 his
                 Macedonians
                 were
                 drawn
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Isaurians
                 cast
                 themselves
                 headlong
                 into
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 every
                 one's
                 House
                 became
                 a
                 common
                 Sepulchre
                 for
                 himself
                 and
                 all
                 his
                 Relations
                 .
                 Perdiccas
                 the
                 next
                 day
                 gave
                 the
                 Ransacking
                 
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 when
                 the
                 Fire
                 was
                 extinguish'd
                 )
                 found
                 much
                 Silver
                 and
                 Gold
                 in
                 the
                 Rubbish
                 ;
                 the
                 City
                 having
                 been
                 Rich
                 and
                 Prosperous
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 together
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 Destruction
                 ,
                 Perdiccas
                 marry'd
                 two
                 Wives
                 ,
                 Nicea
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 he
                 was
                 contracted
                 ;
                 and
                 Cleopatra
                 ,
                 Alexander's
                 half
                 Sister
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Philip
                 
                 by
                 
                   Amyntas
                   .
                   Perdiccas
                
                 indeed
                 had
                 entred
                 into
                 League
                 with
                 Antipater
                 before
                 he
                 was
                 establish'd
                 in
                 his
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 the
                 Marriage
                 was
                 consummate
                 :
                 But
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 gain'd
                 the
                 King's
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 possess'd
                 of
                 the
                 Superintendency
                 and
                 Administration
                 of
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 he
                 chang'd
                 his
                 mind
                 :
                 For
                 affecting
                 the
                 
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 his
                 Design
                 was
                 to
                 marry
                 Cleopatra
                 ,
                 concluding
                 that
                 for
                 her
                 sake
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 her
                 Authority
                 ,
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 would
                 be
                 yielded
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 he
                 had
                 no
                 mind
                 as
                 yet
                 to
                 discover
                 his
                 Intentions
                 ,
                 (
                 to
                 comply
                 with
                 the
                 present
                 Circumstances
                 of
                 Affairs
                 )
                 he
                 marry'd
                 Nicea
                 ,
                 lest
                 Antipater
                 should
                 oppose
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Projects
                 .
                 
                 But
                 Antigonus
                 smelling
                 out
                 what
                 he
                 was
                 contriving
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 being
                 one
                 that
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 kindness
                 for
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 active
                 Man
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 )
                 Perdiccas
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 dispatch
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 way
                 .
              
               
                 Loading
                 him
                 therefore
                 with
                 false
                 Accusations
                 ,
                 and
                 unjust
                 Aspersions
                 ,
                 his
                 Design
                 appear'd
                 plainly
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 his
                 Life
                 .
                 But
                 Antigonus
                 being
                 a
                 crafty
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 bold
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 made
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 defend
                 himself
                 against
                 those
                 Things
                 that
                 were
                 laid
                 to
                 his
                 Charge
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 he
                 secretly
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 his
                 flight
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 with
                 
                 his
                 Servants
                 and
                 his
                 Son
                 Demetrius
                 went
                 aboard
                 some
                 Ships
                 that
                 belong'd
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 sail'd
                 into
                 Europe
                 ,
                 on
                 purpose
                 to
                 confederate
                 with
                 Antipater
                 .
                 About
                 that
                 time
                 Antipater
                 and
                 Craterus
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Field
                 against
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 with
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 thousand
                 five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 only
                 remain'd
                 unconquer'd
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 
                 engag'd
                 in
                 the
                 Lamian
                 War.
                 But
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 press'd
                 upon
                 by
                 such
                 mighty
                 Forces
                 ,
                 yet
                 were
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 discourag'd
                 ;
                 but
                 having
                 got
                 together
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 
                 brave
                 ,
                 sprightly
                 Men
                 ,
                 betook
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 difficult
                 Passes
                 in
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 had
                 before
                 dispos'd
                 and
                 lodg'd
                 much
                 of
                 their
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 their
                 Wives
                 ,
                 
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 Old
                 People
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 they
                 had
                 quitted
                 the
                 Cities
                 that
                 was
                 not
                 Tenable
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 plac'd
                 strong
                 Garisons
                 in
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 fortisied
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 undauntedly
                 waited
                 for
                 the
                 approach
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 Antipater
                 and
                 Craterus
                 therefore
                 having
                 entered
                 Aetolia
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 that
                 were
                 weak
                 and
                 untenable
                 forsaken
                 of
                 their
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 made
                 towards
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 posted
                 in
                 the
                 Fastnesses
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 first
                 Assault
                 they
                 made
                 upon
                 those
                 dreadful
                 and
                 unaccessable
                 Precipices
                 ,
                 they
                 lost
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 their
                 Men
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 being
                 supported
                 and
                 confirm'd
                 by
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 the
                 Places
                 ,
                 easily
                 repuls'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 that
                 ran
                 themselves
                 ,
                 upon
                 Difficulties
                 that
                 were
                 insuperable
                 .
                 But
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 when
                 Craterus
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 in
                 the
                 Winter
                 had
                 secur'd
                 themselves
                 ,
                 by
                 Huts
                 and
                 warm
                 Tents
                 ,
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 abide
                 (
                 in
                 the
                 depth
                 of
                 Winter
                 )
                 in
                 Places
                 cover'd
                 over
                 with
                 Snow
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 remain'd
                 in
                 great
                 lack
                 of
                 Provision
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 a
                 most
                 desperate
                 Condition
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 were
                 
                 brought
                 to
                 that
                 strait
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 must
                 of
                 necessity
                 either
                 leave
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 and
                 fight
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 far
                 superiour
                 in
                 number
                 to
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 Commanders
                 who
                 were
                 every-where
                 famous
                 for
                 their
                 Conduct
                 ,
                 or
                 if
                 they
                 staid
                 longer
                 ,
                 certainly
                 to
                 perish
                 with
                 Hunger
                 and
                 Cold.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 all
                 hopes
                 of
                 Deliverance
                 being
                 despair'd
                 of
                 ,
                 suddenly
                 and
                 unexpectedly
                 appear'd
                 a
                 Release
                 at
                 hand
                 from
                 all
                 their
                 Miseries
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 some
                 God
                 in
                 a
                 special
                 manner
                 had
                 
                 had
                 Compassion
                 of
                 such
                 Brave
                 and
                 Noble
                 Souls
                 :
                 For
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 who
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 now
                 come
                 into
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 inform'd
                 them
                 what
                 Perdiccas
                 was
                 inhatching
                 and
                 contriving
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 having
                 marry'd
                 Cleopatra
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 ready
                 as
                 King
                 to
                 come
                 over
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 to
                 wrest
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 hands
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 strange
                 and
                 unexpected
                 News
                 ,
                 Antipater
                 and
                 Craterus
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 those
                 with
                 them
                 were
                 so
                 affrighted
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 call'd
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 where
                 ,
                 upon
                 Consultation
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 resolv'd
                 ,
                 that
                 Matters
                 should
                 be
                 ended
                 and
                 compounded
                 with
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 they
                 could
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 
                 Forces
                 should
                 be
                 forthwith
                 transported
                 into
                 Asia
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Craterus
                 should
                 be
                 General
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 Antipater
                 have
                 the
                 Chief
                 Command
                 in
                 Europe
                 ;
                 that
                 Ambassadors
                 should
                 likewise
                 be
                 dispatch'd
                 to
                 Ptolemy
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 
                 Perdiccas's
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Friend
                 ,
                 and
                 design'd
                 to
                 be
                 cut
                 off
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 they
                 )
                 to
                 move
                 him
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 as
                 a
                 Confederate
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 they
                 forthwith
                 struck
                 up
                 a
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 ,
                 intending
                 notwithstanding
                 in
                 due
                 time
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 to
                 root
                 them
                 up
                 and
                 all
                 their
                 Families
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 send
                 them
                 into
                 some
                 remote
                 and
                 desart
                 Corner
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 far
                 from
                 Asia
                 .
                 The
                 Pacification
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Terms
                 before
                 agreed
                 upon
                 ,
                 being
                 put
                 into
                 writing
                 ,
                 and
                 sign'd
                 ,
                 they
                 prepar'd
                 themselves
                 for
                 the
                 Expedition
                 .
              
               
                 Perdiccas
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 calling
                 together
                 his
                 Friends
                 and
                 General
                 Officers
                 ,
                 consulted
                 
                 with
                 them
                 whether
                 he
                 should
                 transport
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 or
                 march
                 first
                 against
                 Ptolemy
                 .
                 All
                 agreeing
                 that
                 Ptolemy
                 was
                 first
                 to
                 be
                 conquer'd
                 ,
                 lest
                 he
                 should
                 obstruct
                 his
                 Expedition
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 away
                 Eumenes
                 before
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Army
                 ,
                 to
                 secure
                 the
                 Passes
                 at
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 to
                 prevent
                 all
                 passage
                 that
                 way
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 himself
                 march'd
                 out
                 of
                 Pisiclia
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 towards
                 Egypt
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 things
                 done
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 III.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Description
                   of
                   
                   Alexander's
                   Funeral
                   Chariot
                   .
                   Ptolemy
                   honour'd
                   in
                   
                     Egypt
                     .
                     Perdiccas
                  
                   prepares
                   for
                   Egypt
                   against
                   
                     Ptolemy
                     .
                     Eumenes
                  
                   beats
                   Neoptolemus
                   ,
                   who
                   deserted
                   .
                   The
                   Battel
                   between
                   Eumenes
                   and
                   Craterus
                   ,
                   who
                   was
                   kill'd
                   with
                   Neoptolemus
                   .
                   Combate
                   between
                   Neoptolemus
                   and
                   
                     Eumenes
                     .
                     Perdiccas
                  
                   comes
                   into
                   Egypt
                   :
                   Assaults
                   the
                   Fort
                   call'd
                   the
                   
                     Camel's
                     Wall
                  
                   ;
                   His
                   miserable
                   Loss
                   in
                   the
                   River
                   Nile
                   ;
                   is
                   kill'd
                   .
                   Ptolemy
                   makes
                   Arrideus
                   and
                   Pytho
                   Protectors
                   of
                   the
                   Kings
                   .
                   Eumenes
                   condemn'd
                   to
                   die
                   .
                   The
                   Etolians
                   invade
                   
                     Thessaly
                     .
                     Polyspherchon
                  
                   routs
                   the
                   Etolians
                   .
                   The
                   Provinces
                   again
                   divided
                   by
                   
                     Arrideus
                     .
                     Antigonus
                  
                   routs
                   Eumenes
                   ,
                   who
                   flies
                   to
                   
                     Nora
                     .
                     Antigonus
                  
                   besieges
                   
                     Nora
                     .
                     Eumenes
                  
                   his
                   Invention
                   to
                   exercise
                   the
                   Horse
                   .
                   Ptolemy
                   gains
                   Syria
                   and
                   Phoenicia
                   by
                   Nicanor
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHen
                 Philocles
                 was
                 Chief
                 Magistrate
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Sulpitius
                
                 and
                 
                   Quintus
                   Aulius
                
                 were
                 created
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 Arrideus
                 (
                 to
                 whom
                 was
                 committed
                 the
                 Care
                 
                 of
                 conveying
                 away
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Body
                 to
                 his
                 Sepulchre
                 ,
                 having
                 now
                 the
                 Chariot
                 ready
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 carry'd
                 )
                 prepar'd
                 himself
                 for
                 the
                 Journey
                 .
                 But
                 forasmuch
                 as
                 the
                 whole
                 Business
                 and
                 Concern
                 was
                 manag'd
                 as
                 became
                 the
                 Majesty
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 
                 that
                 account
                 did
                 not
                 only
                 exceed
                 all
                 others
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 Expence
                 ,
                 State
                 ,
                 and
                 Pomp
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 Charges
                 amounted
                 to
                 many
                 Talents
                 )
                 but
                 also
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 Curiosity
                 of
                 Workmanship
                 ,
                 we
                 conceive
                 it
                 fit
                 to
                 recommend
                 something
                 to
                 Posterity
                 in
                 writing
                 concerning
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 first
                 was
                 provided
                 a
                 Coffin
                 of
                 beaten
                 Gold
                 ,
                 so
                 wrought
                 by
                 the
                 Hammer
                 as
                 to
                 answer
                 to
                 the
                 Proportion
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ;
                 it
                 was
                 half
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Aromatick
                 Spices
                 ,
                 which
                 serv'd
                 as
                 well
                 to
                 delight
                 the
                 Sense
                 as
                 to
                 preserve
                 the
                 Body
                 from
                 Putrefaction
                 .
                 Over
                 the
                 Coffin
                 was
                 a
                 Cover
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 so
                 exactly
                 fitted
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 answer
                 the
                 higher
                 part
                 every
                 way
                 :
                 Over
                 this
                 was
                 thrown
                 
                 a
                 curious
                 *
                 Purple
                 Coat
                 embroider'd
                 with
                 Gold
                 ,
                 near
                 to
                 which
                 were
                 plac'd
                 the
                 Arms
                 of
                 the
                 Deceas'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 might
                 represent
                 the
                 Acts
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 .
                 Then
                 was
                 provided
                 the
                 Chariot
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Body
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 convey'd
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 which
                 was
                 rais'd
                 a
                 Triumphant
                 Arch
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 †
                 set
                 thick
                 and
                 studded
                 over
                 with
                 precious
                 Stones
                 eight
                 Cubits
                 in
                 breadth
                 ,
                 and
                 twelve
                 in
                 length
                 :
                 Under
                 this
                 Roof
                 was
                 plac'd
                 a
                 Throne
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 join'd
                 to
                 the
                 whole
                 Work
                 ,
                 foursquare
                 ,
                 on
                 which
                 were
                 carv'd
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 *
                 Goat-Harts
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 these
                 were
                 fastned
                 Golden
                 Rings
                 of
                 two
                 Hands
                 breadth
                 in
                 the
                 diameter
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 hung
                 ,
                 for
                 Show
                 and
                 Pomp
                 ,
                 little
                 Coronets
                 of
                 various
                 beautiful
                 Colours
                 ,
                 which
                 ,
                 like
                 so
                 many
                 Flowers
                 ,
                 gave
                 a
                 pleasant
                 Prospect
                 to
                 the
                 Eye
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Arch
                 was
                 a
                 Fringe
                 of
                 Network
                 ,
                 where
                 hung
                 large
                 Bells
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 the
                 Sound
                 of
                 them
                 might
                 be
                 heard
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 .
                 On
                 both
                 sides
                 the
                 Arch
                 at
                 the
                 Corners
                 stood
                 an
                 Image
                 of
                 Victory
                 in
                 Gold
                 ,
                 bearing
                 a
                 Trophy
                 :
                 A
                 *
                 Peristthylium
                 of
                 Gold
                 supported
                 the
                 Archwork
                 ,
                 the
                 Chapiters
                 of
                 whose
                 Pillars
                 were
                 of
                 Ionian
                 Workmanship
                 :
                 Within
                 the
                 Peristthylium
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 Network
                 of
                 Gold
                 of
                 a
                 finger's
                 thickness
                 in
                 the
                 Workmanship
                 ,
                 hung
                 four
                 *
                 Tables
                 one
                 by
                 another
                 equal
                 to
                 the
                 Dimensions
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 whereupon
                 were
                 portray'd
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 living
                 Creatures
                 :
                 The
                 first
                 Table
                 represented
                 a
                 Chariot
                 curiously
                 wrought
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Alexander
                 sate
                 with
                 a
                 Royal
                 Scepter
                 in
                 his
                 Hand
                 :
                 About
                 the
                 King
                 stood
                 his
                 Life-Guard
                 compleat
                 in
                 their
                 Arms
                 ;
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 on
                 one
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Persians
                 that
                 bore
                 Battle-Axes
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 and
                 before
                 them
                 stood
                 the
                 Armor-Bearers
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 second
                 ,
                 Elephants
                 adorn'd
                 in
                 their
                 Warlike
                 Habiliaments
                 follow'd
                 them
                 of
                 the
                 Guard
                 ,
                 on
                 which
                 sate
                 Indians
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 Macedonians
                 behind
                 ,
                 arm'd
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Customs
                 of
                 their
                 several
                 Countries
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 third
                 might
                 be
                 seen
                 Squadrons
                 of
                 Horse
                 drawn
                 up
                 in
                 Battalia
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 fourth
                 appeared
                 a
                 Fleet
                 order'd
                 in
                 a
                 Line
                 of
                 Battel
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 entrance
                 into
                 the
                 Arch
                 stood
                 Lions
                 in
                 Gold
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Faces
                 towards
                 them
                 that
                 approach'd
                 to
                 enter
                 .
                 From
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 every
                 Pillar
                 an
                 *
                 Achanthus
                 in
                 Gold
                 ,
                 sprouted
                 up
                 in
                 Branches
                 spiring
                 in
                 slender
                 Threads
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Chapiters
                 :
                 Over
                 the
                 Arch
                 about
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Roof
                 on
                 the
                 outside
                 was
                 spread
                 †
                 Purple
                 Carpet
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Air
                 ,
                 on
                 which
                 was
                 plac'd
                 a
                 vast
                 Golden
                 Crown
                 ,
                 in
                 form
                 of
                 an
                 *
                 Olive
                 Coronet
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 the
                 reflection
                 of
                 the
                 Sun-Beams
                 darted
                 such
                 an
                 amazing
                 Splendor
                 and
                 Brightness
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 it
                 appear'd
                 as
                 a
                 Flash
                 of
                 Lightning
                 .
                 Under
                 the
                 Seats
                 or
                 Bottom
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Work
                 ran
                 two
                 Axle-trees
                 ,
                 about
                 which
                 mov'd
                 four
                 Persian
                 Wheels
                 ,
                 whose
                 Spokes
                 and
                 Nathes
                 were
                 over-laid
                 with
                 Gold
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Felloes
                 were
                 shod
                 with
                 Iron
                 :
                 The
                 Ends
                 and
                 Out-parts
                 of
                 the
                 Axes
                 were
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 representing
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 Lions
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 holding
                 a
                 Dart
                 in
                 in
                 his
                 Mouth
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 very
                 Centre
                 of
                 
                 
                 the
                 Arch
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 midway
                 in
                 the
                 length
                 ,
                 was
                 artificially
                 fix'd
                 a
                 *
                 Pole
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 whereof
                 the
                 Arch
                 might
                 (
                 in
                 rough
                 places
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 apt
                 to
                 be
                 shaken
                 )
                 be
                 preserv'd
                 from
                 being
                 over-turn'd
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 four
                 Draught-Trees
                 ,
                 to
                 every
                 of
                 which
                 were
                 fix'd
                 four
                 Courses
                 of
                 Yoaks
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 every
                 Course
                 were
                 bound
                 four
                 Mules
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Mules
                 were
                 sixty
                 four
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 the
                 choicest
                 for
                 Strength
                 and
                 Largeness
                 that
                 could
                 be
                 
                 got
                 :
                 Every
                 Mule
                 was
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 a
                 Crown
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 Bells
                 of
                 Gold
                 on
                 either
                 side
                 their
                 Heads
                 ;
                 and
                 on
                 their
                 Necks
                 were
                 fitted
                 Rich
                 Collars
                 set
                 and
                 beautified
                 with
                 precious
                 Stones
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 was
                 the
                 Charriot
                 set
                 forth
                 ,
                 the
                 Sight
                 of
                 which
                 was
                 more
                 stately
                 and
                 pompous
                 than
                 the
                 Report
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Fame
                 of
                 it
                 brought
                 together
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 Spectators
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 People
                 out
                 of
                 every
                 City
                 where-ever
                 it
                 was
                 coming
                 met
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 ran
                 back
                 again
                 before
                 it
                 ,
                 never
                 satisfy'd
                 with
                 the
                 Delight
                 they
                 took
                 in
                 viewing
                 and
                 gazing
                 .
                 And
                 suitable
                 to
                 so
                 stately
                 a
                 Show
                 ,
                 a
                 vast
                 Company
                 of
                 Workmen
                 and
                 Pioneers
                 (
                 that
                 plain'd
                 the
                 Ways
                 for
                 its
                 passage
                 )
                 attended
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 thus
                 Arrideus
                 (
                 who
                 had
                 spent
                 two
                 Years
                 in
                 Preparations
                 )
                 brought
                 the
                 King's
                 Body
                 from
                 Babylon
                 to
                 
                   Aegypt
                   .
                   Ptolemy
                
                 ,
                 in
                 Honour
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 met
                 the
                 Corps
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 Syria
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 accompanyd
                 it
                 with
                 great
                 Care
                 and
                 
                 Observance
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 resolv'd
                 not
                 as
                 yet
                 to
                 conduct
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Hammon
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Body
                 in
                 the
                 *
                 City
                 which
                 Alexander
                 himself
                 had
                 built
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 Famous
                 almost
                 of
                 any
                 City
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 he
                 built
                 a
                 Temple
                 in
                 Honour
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 in
                 Greatness
                 and
                 Stateliness
                 of
                 Structure
                 becoming
                 the
                 Glory
                 and
                 Majesty
                 of
                 that
                 King
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 this
                 Repository
                 he
                 laid
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 honour'd
                 the
                 Exequies
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 with
                 Sacrifices
                 and
                 magnificent
                 Shows
                 ,
                 agreeable
                 to
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 a
                 Demi
                 God.
                 Upon
                 which
                 account
                 he
                 was
                 deservedly
                 Honour'd
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 by
                 Men
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 the
                 Gods
                 Themselves
                 :
                 For
                 by
                 his
                 Bounty
                 and
                 Generosity
                 he
                 so
                 gain'd
                 upon
                 Men
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 flock'd
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 to
                 Alexandria
                 ,
                 and
                 chearfully
                 listed
                 themselves
                 into
                 his
                 Service
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 the
                 King's
                 Army
                 was
                 then
                 preparing
                 War
                 against
                 him
                 :
                 And
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 then
                 in
                 imminent
                 Danger
                 ,
                 yet
                 all
                 readily
                 ventur'd
                 their
                 Lives
                 to
                 preserve
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Gods
                 Themselves
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 and
                 kind
                 and
                 obliging
                 Temper
                 towards
                 all
                 ,
                 rescu'd
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Hazards
                 and
                 Difficulties
                 that
                 seem'd
                 insuperable
                 :
                 For
                 Perdiccas
                 ,
                 who
                 before
                 suspected
                 the
                 increase
                 of
                 his
                 Power
                 ,
                 had
                 resolv'd
                 (
                 bringing
                 the
                 *
                 Kings
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 )
                 of
                 an
                 Exepedition
                 into
                 Egypt
                 with
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 :
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 he
                 had
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 Eumenes
                 a
                 considerable
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 with
                 sufficient
                 number
                 of
                 brave
                 Officers
                 ,
                 with
                 Command
                 to
                 march
                 to
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 to
                 stop
                 the
                 Passage
                 of
                 Antipater
                 and
                 Craterus
                 over
                 into
                 Asia
                 .
                 Amongst
                 the
                 Commanders
                 the
                 most
                 Illustrious
                 were
                 Alcetas
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 and
                 Neoptolemus
                 :
                 But
                 these
                 he
                 order'd
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 to
                 be
                 observant
                 to
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 both
                 a
                 skilful
                 and
                 prudent
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 constant
                 and
                 faithful
                 Friend
                 .
                 Eumenes
                 therefore
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Forces
                 deliver'd
                 him
                 ,
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 and
                 compleated
                 his
                 Army
                 with
                 Horse
                 (
                 rais'd
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Province
                 lately
                 gain'd
                 )
                 in
                 which
                 his
                 Troops
                 were
                 before
                 only
                 deficient
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 after
                 that
                 Antipater
                 and
                 Craterus
                 had
                 transported
                 their
                 Army
                 out
                 of
                 
                   Europe
                   ,
                   Neoptolemus
                
                 ,
                 
                 out
                 of
                 Envy
                 to
                 Eumenes
                 (
                 having
                 a
                 considerable
                 Army
                 of
                 Macedonians
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 )
                 secretly
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 to
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 and
                 colleaguing
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 contriv'd
                 how
                 to
                 intrap
                 Eumenes
                 ;
                 but
                 his
                 Treachery
                 being
                 discover'd
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fight
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Battel
                 lost
                 almost
                 all
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 very
                 near
                 being
                 cut
                 off
                 himself
                 .
                 Eumenes
                 being
                 thus
                 Conqueror
                 (
                 after
                 this
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 )
                 join'd
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 ,
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Army
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 did
                 not
                 only
                 by
                 this
                 Victory
                 increase
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 but
                 strengthen'd
                 himself
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Macedonians
                 that
                 were
                 excellent
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 Neoptolemus
                 fled
                 off
                 the
                 Field
                 with
                 three
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 over
                 to
                 Antipater
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 a
                 Consultation
                 was
                 had
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 in
                 reference
                 to
                 the
                 Concerns
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 it
                 was
                 determin'd
                 to
                 divide
                 the
                 Army
                 into
                 two
                 Bodies
                 ;
                 one
                 to
                 march
                 under
                 Antipater
                 into
                 Cilicia
                 to
                 fight
                 with
                 Perdiccas
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 with
                 Craterus
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 Eumenes
                 ;
                 and
                 
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 routed
                 ,
                 then
                 Craterus
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 Antipater
                 ;
                 that
                 so
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 being
                 join'd
                 together
                 in
                 one
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 Ptolemy
                 their
                 Confederate
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 better
                 able
                 to
                 deal
                 with
                 the
                 King's
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 Eumenes
                 having
                 Intelligence
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 march
                 ,
                 gather'd
                 Forces
                 together
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 ,
                 especially
                 Horse
                 ;
                 for
                 because
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 Foot
                 able
                 to
                 cope
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Macedonian
                   Phalanx
                
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 a
                 great
                 Body
                 of
                 Horse
                 ,
                 by
                 whose
                 assistance
                 he
                 hop'd
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 Condition
                 to
                 overcome
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 Armies
                 drew
                 near
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 Craterus
                 drew
                 
                 up
                 his
                 Men
                 together
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 set
                 Speech
                 to
                 encourage
                 them
                 to
                 fight
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 Harangue
                 he
                 promis'd
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 Conquerors
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 have
                 all
                 the
                 Pillage
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Bag
                 and
                 Baggage
                 as
                 a
                 Prey
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 use
                 :
                 All
                 being
                 thus
                 encourag'd
                 ,
                 he
                 drew
                 up
                 his
                 Army
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ;
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 he
                 commanded
                 himself
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 Left
                 he
                 gave
                 to
                 Neoptolemus
                 :
                 His
                 Army
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 consisted
                 of
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 Men
                 famous
                 for
                 their
                 Valour
                 ,
                 in
                 whom
                 he
                 plac'd
                 the
                 Confidence
                 of
                 his
                 Victory
                 ;
                 with
                 these
                 ,
                 there
                 march'd
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 above
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 Eumenes
                 likewise
                 had
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 of
                 divers
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 on
                 whole
                 Valour
                 chiefly
                 he
                 had
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 venture
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 all
                 the
                 Stake
                 in
                 this
                 Battel
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Horse
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 moving
                 forward
                 in
                 two
                 Wings
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 before
                 the
                 Foot
                 ,
                 Craterus
                 with
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 choice
                 Men
                 made
                 a
                 brave
                 Charge
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 but
                 his
                 Horse
                 stumbling
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 thrown
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Saddle
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 being
                 known
                 ,
                 was
                 by
                 the
                 confus'd
                 throng
                 of
                 Horse
                 trampl'd
                 under
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 unfortunately
                 lost
                 his
                 Life
                 ;
                 upon
                 whose
                 Fall
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 so
                 encourag'd
                 ,
                 that
                 dispersing
                 themselves
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 a
                 terrible
                 Slaughter
                 .
                 The
                 Right
                 Wing
                 being
                 thus
                 distress'd
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 totally
                 routed
                 ,
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 retreat
                 to
                 the
                 Foot.
                 But
                 in
                 the
                 left
                 Wing
                 commanded
                 by
                 Neoptolemus
                 ,
                 oppos'd
                 to
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 sharp
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 the
                 two
                 Generals
                 singling
                 out
                 one
                 another
                 :
                 For
                 being
                 known
                 to
                 each
                 other
                 by
                 their
                 Horses
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 
                 special
                 Marks
                 ,
                 they
                 fought
                 hand
                 to
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 combating
                 thus
                 singly
                 ,
                 they
                 put
                 a
                 Remark
                 upon
                 the
                 Victory
                 ;
                 for
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 try'd
                 it
                 out
                 by
                 their
                 Swords
                 ,
                 they
                 presently
                 began
                 an
                 admirable
                 and
                 new
                 sort
                 of
                 Encounter
                 ,
                 Anger
                 and
                 Revenge
                 mutually
                 stirring
                 up
                 each
                 other
                 :
                 For
                 letting
                 their
                 Bridles
                 fall
                 upon
                 their
                 Horses
                 Necks
                 ,
                 they
                 catch'd
                 hold
                 
                 with
                 their
                 left
                 hands
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 grappling
                 together
                 ,
                 their
                 Horses
                 (
                 violently
                 pressing
                 forward
                 )
                 ran
                 from
                 under
                 them
                 ,
                 leaving
                 them
                 both
                 tumbling
                 on
                 the
                 Ground
                 together
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 difficult
                 matter
                 for
                 either
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 after
                 so
                 violent
                 a
                 Fall
                 ,
                 to
                 rise
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 besides
                 being
                 press'd
                 down
                 by
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 yet
                 Eumenes
                 (
                 rising
                 first
                 )
                 wounded
                 Neoptolemus
                 in
                 the
                 Ham
                 (
                 with
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Gash
                 and
                 Cut
                 )
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 lay
                 Hamstrung
                 groveling
                 upon
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 grievousness
                 of
                 the
                 Wound
                 ,
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 raise
                 himself
                 upon
                 his
                 Feet
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Stoutness
                 and
                 Courage
                 of
                 his
                 Mind
                 overcoming
                 the
                 Weakness
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 he
                 got
                 upon
                 his
                 Knees
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 his
                 Adversary
                 three
                 Wounds
                 upon
                 his
                 Arm
                 and
                 Thigh
                 ;
                 but
                 none
                 of
                 them
                 being
                 mortal
                 ,
                 (
                 while
                 they
                 were
                 yet
                 warm
                 )
                 Eumenes
                 gave
                 Neoptolemus
                 a
                 second
                 Blow
                 upon
                 his
                 Neck
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 him
                 outright
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 was
                 made
                 among
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 while
                 some
                 were
                 kill'd
                 and
                 others
                 wounded
                 ,
                 the
                 Fortune
                 of
                 the
                 Day
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 was
                 very
                 uncertain
                 :
                 But
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 that
                 Neoptolemus
                 was
                 slain
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 Wings
                 broken
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 away
                 to
                 the
                 *
                 Phalanx
                 as
                 to
                 a
                 strong
                 Wall
                 of
                 Defence
                 .
                 But
                 Eumenes
                 (
                 content
                 with
                 keeping
                 of
                 his
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Possession
                 of
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 both
                 the
                 Generals
                 )
                 sounded
                 a
                 Retreat
                 to
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 Trophy
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 bury'd
                 the
                 Slain
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Phalanx
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 thus
                 routed
                 ,
                 to
                 let
                 them
                 know
                 ,
                 That
                 whoever
                 would
                 ,
                 should
                 have
                 liberty
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 Arms
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 go
                 their
                 way
                 wherever
                 they
                 pleas'd
                 .
                 The
                 Macedonians
                 accepted
                 of
                 these
                 Terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 Oath
                 of
                 Fidelity
                 given
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 liberty
                 to
                 march
                 away
                 to
                 the
                 next
                 Towns
                 to
                 supply
                 themselves
                 with
                 Provision
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 dealt
                 treacherously
                 with
                 Eumenes
                 ;
                 for
                 recollecting
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 furnishing
                 themselves
                 with
                 Provision
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 they
                 stole
                 away
                 and
                 went
                 to
                 
                   Antipater
                   .
                   Eumenes
                
                 indeed
                 did
                 all
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 revenge
                 this
                 Breach
                 of
                 their
                 Oaths
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 forthwith
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 pursue
                 the
                 Phalanx
                 ;
                 but
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 own
                 Indisposition
                 ,
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 Wounds
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 ,
                 )
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 any
                 thing
                 effectually
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 judg'd
                 it
                 better
                 to
                 forbear
                 from
                 further
                 Pursuit
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 gain'd
                 so
                 glorious
                 a
                 Victory
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 two
                 eminent
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 his
                 Name
                 grew
                 very
                 famous
                 .
                 Antipater
                 having
                 receiv'd
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 escap'd
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 were
                 refresh'd
                 hasted
                 away
                 to
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 aid
                 Ptolemy
                 .
                 But
                 †
                 Perdiccas
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Victory
                 gain'd
                 by
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 prosecuted
                 his
                 Expedition
                 into
                 Aegypt
                 with
                 much
                 more
                 Assurance
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 ,
                 he
                 encamp'd
                 not
                 far
                 off
                 Pelusium
                 ;
                 and
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 cleansing
                 an
                 old
                 Sluce
                 ,
                 Nile
                 so
                 overflow'd
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 defeated
                 all
                 his
                 Design
                 ,
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 his
                 Works
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 deserted
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 over
                 to
                 Ptolomy
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 inclin'd
                 to
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 remov'd
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Captains
                 from
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 only
                 Business
                 to
                 be
                 sole
                 Monarch
                 ,
                 and
                 absolute
                 Tyrant
                 .
              
               
                 Ptolemy
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 was
                 courteous
                 and
                 mild
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 free
                 Liberty
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Captains
                 to
                 advise
                 him
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 Enterprizes
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 put
                 strong
                 Garisons
                 
                 into
                 all
                 the
                 convenient
                 Places
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 furnish'd
                 them
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Things
                 that
                 were
                 necessary
                 .
                 By
                 which
                 means
                 he
                 succeeded
                 in
                 every
                 
                 thing
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 that
                 he
                 undertook
                 ,
                 while
                 many
                 that
                 lov'd
                 the
                 Man
                 chearfully
                 expos'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 undergo
                 all
                 Hazards
                 for
                 his
                 sake
                 .
                 But
                 Perdiccas
                 ,
                 to
                 repair
                 his
                 Losses
                 ,
                 call'd
                 together
                 the
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 regain'd
                 some
                 by
                 Gifts
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 by
                 large
                 Promises
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 by
                 smooth
                 Words
                 ,
                 he
                 hearten'd
                 himself
                 so
                 as
                 to
                 bear
                 up
                 against
                 the
                 Hazards
                 and
                 Difficulties
                 that
                 were
                 coming
                 apace
                 upon
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 order'd
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 be
                 ready
                 for
                 a
                 March
                 ,
                 about
                 Evening
                 he
                 mov'd
                 from
                 thence
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 .
                 Not
                 acquainting
                 any
                 whither
                 he
                 would
                 lead
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 all
                 Night
                 with
                 a
                 swift
                 March
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 encamp'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 the
                 Nile
                 ,
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 a
                 Castle
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Camel's
                   Wall.
                
                 
              
               
                 When
                 it
                 was
                 Day
                 he
                 pass'd
                 his
                 Army
                 over
                 ,
                 the
                 Elephants
                 leading
                 the
                 Way
                 ,
                 and
                 next
                 to
                 them
                 the
                 Targateers
                 ,
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 carry'd
                 the
                 Sealing
                 Ladders
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 he
                 had
                 occasion
                 to
                 use
                 in
                 a
                 Siege
                 :
                 His
                 best
                 Horse
                 at
                 length
                 brought
                 up
                 the
                 Rear
                 ,
                 with
                 
                 whom
                 he
                 intended
                 to
                 attack
                 the
                 Ptolemeans
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 happen'd
                 that
                 they
                 appear'd
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 their
                 March
                 
                 Ptolemy's
                 Horse
                 shew'd
                 themselves
                 ,
                 making
                 forward
                 in
                 a
                 swift
                 Career
                 for
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ;
                 who
                 though
                 they
                 hasted
                 away
                 to
                 enter
                 the
                 Fort
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 sounding
                 of
                 Trumpets
                 and
                 shouts
                 of
                 Men
                 gave
                 sufficient
                 notice
                 to
                 all
                 of
                 their
                 Approach
                 ,
                 yet
                 Perdiccas
                 was
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 amus'd
                 ,
                 but
                 boldly
                 led
                 up
                 his
                 Army
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 Fort
                 ;
                 and
                 forthwith
                 the
                 Targateers
                 with
                 their
                 Ladders
                 mounted
                 the
                 Wall
                 ;
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 rid
                 the
                 
                 Elephants
                 threw
                 down
                 the
                 Fortifications
                 ,
                 and
                 demolish'd
                 the
                 Bulwarks
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 with
                 those
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Guard
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 encourage
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Officers
                 and
                 Friends
                 manfully
                 to
                 behave
                 themselves
                 ,
                 catch'd
                 hold
                 of
                 a
                 Sarissa
                 and
                 mounted
                 the
                 Bulwark
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 being
                 on
                 the
                 higher
                 Ground
                 ,
                 struck
                 out
                 the
                 Eyes
                 of
                 the
                 foremost
                 Elephant
                 ,
                 and
                 wounded
                 the
                 Indian
                 that
                 sate
                 upon
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 seal'd
                 the
                 Walls
                 .
                 he
                 hurl'd
                 them
                 down
                 shamefully
                 cut
                 and
                 wounded
                 (
                 together
                 with
                 their
                 Arms
                 )
                 into
                 the
                 River
                 .
                 After
                 his
                 Example
                 
                 Ptolemy's
                 Friends
                 valiantly
                 bestirr'd
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 killing
                 the
                 Indian
                 that
                 govern'd
                 the
                 next
                 Elephant
                 ,
                 the
                 Beast
                 became
                 unserviceable
                 .
                 The
                 Assault
                 
                 continuing
                 long
                 ,
                 Perdiccas
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 assaulted
                 the
                 Wall
                 by
                 turns
                 ,
                 striving
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Vigour
                 imaginable
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Fort
                 by
                 Storm
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 Ptolemy
                 calling
                 to
                 his
                 Friends
                 now
                 to
                 approve
                 their
                 Faithfulness
                 and
                 Loyalty
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 their
                 Courage
                 ,
                 
                 fought
                 like
                 a
                 Hero
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 an
                 Example
                 of
                 Valour
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 sharp
                 Dispute
                 ,
                 many
                 fell
                 on
                 both
                 Sides
                 .
                 The
                 Ptolemeans
                 had
                 the
                 advantage
                 in
                 the
                 Height
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Perdicceans
                 in
                 Greatness
                 of
                 their
                 Number
                 ,
                 which
                 far
                 exceeded
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 whole
                 Day
                 being
                 spent
                 in
                 the
                 Assault
                 ,
                 Perdiccas
                 rais'd
                 his
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 back
                 to
                 his
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 decamp'd
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 quiet
                 and
                 silent
                 March
                 came
                 into
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 over-against
                 Memphis
                 ,
                 where
                 Nile
                 (
                 dividing
                 it self
                 into
                 two
                 Parts
                 )
                 made
                 an
                 Island
                 sufficient
                 to
                 receive
                 and
                 encamp
                 the
                 greatest
                 Army
                 .
                 Into
                 this
                 Place
                 therefore
                 he
                 pass'd
                 over
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 though
                 the
                 Passage
                 was
                 very
                 difficult
                 through
                 the
                 depth
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Water
                 reaching
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Chin
                 ,
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 could
                 not
                 stand
                 upon
                 their
                 Legs
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 likewise
                 cumber'd
                 with
                 their
                 Arms.
                 Perdicca
                 ,
                 therefore
                 discerning
                 the
                 Unruliness
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 plac'd
                 the
                 Elephants
                 on
                 the
                 Left
                 ,
                 to
                 break
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 Stream
                 .
                 The
                 Horse
                 went
                 on
                 the
                 Right
                 ,
                 by
                 whose
                 Help
                 he
                 took
                 up
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 hurry'd
                 down
                 by
                 the
                 Current
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 them
                 safe
                 on
                 the
                 Shoar
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 .
                 But
                 there
                 happen'd
                 in
                 this
                 Passage
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 strange
                 and
                 unusual
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 first
                 were
                 gotten
                 over
                 ,
                 those
                 that
                 follow'd
                 were
                 in
                 very
                 great
                 Hazard
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 River
                 rose
                 
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 apparent
                 Cause
                 ,
                 and
                 swept
                 away
                 whole
                 Sholes
                 of
                 Bodies
                 at
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 which
                 put
                 all
                 into
                 a
                 Consternation
                 .
                 The
                 Cause
                 of
                 this
                 Inundation
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 found
                 out
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 was
                 enquir'd
                 into
                 .
                 Some
                 imputed
                 it
                 to
                 a
                 Dyke
                 or
                 Sluce
                 in
                 the
                 higher
                 Grounds
                 ,
                 whose
                 Banks
                 might
                 be
                 broken
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 all
                 its
                 Water
                 ran
                 into
                 Nile
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 the
                 Ford
                 was
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 higher
                 .
                 Others
                 conceiv'd
                 it
                 was
                 great
                 Rains
                 that
                 fell
                 in
                 the
                 Lands
                 above
                 that
                 increas'd
                 the
                 Waters
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 was
                 neither
                 of
                 these
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 true
                 Cause
                 why
                 the
                 Passage
                 at
                 first
                 was
                 without
                 danger
                 ,
                 was
                 because
                 the
                 Sand
                 then
                 was
                 firm
                 and
                 unmov'd
                 ;
                 but
                 afterwards
                 when
                 by
                 the
                 treading
                 of
                 the
                 Horses
                 and
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Passage
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 the
                 Sand
                 was
                 stirr'd
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 by
                 the
                 Force
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 the
                 Ford
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 was
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 dug
                 into
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 into
                 Holes
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 Passage
                 was
                 deeper
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 .
                 Perdiccas
                 therefore
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 pass
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 over
                 ,
                 fell
                 into
                 a
                 great
                 strait
                 ,
                 being
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 got
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 were
                 very
                 unequal
                 to
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 on
                 this
                 side
                 the
                 River
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 succour
                 them
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 he
                 commanded
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 landed
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 to
                 return
                 .
                 The
                 Army
                 thus
                 forc'd
                 to
                 repass
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 those
                 that
                 could
                 swim
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 strong-bodied
                 Men
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 difficulty
                 recover'd
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Nile
                 ;
                 but
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 lost
                 their
                 Arms.
                 The
                 rest
                 who
                 were
                 not
                 so
                 skilful
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 drown'd
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 were
                 carry'd
                 down
                 the
                 Stream
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 
                 fell
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Very
                 many
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 toss'd
                 and
                 tumbled
                 hither
                 and
                 thither
                 ,
                 were
                 at
                 length
                 devour'd
                 by
                 Crocodiles
                 .
                 Above
                 Two
                 thousand
                 having
                 perish'd
                 
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 ,
                 (
                 among
                 whom
                 were
                 some
                 eminent
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 )
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 much
                 turn'd
                 against
                 Perdiccas
                 .
                 But
                 Ptolemy
                 caus'd
                 all
                 those
                 Bodies
                 to
                 be
                 burnt
                 that
                 were
                 brought
                 dead
                 down
                 the
                 River
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 perform'd
                 all
                 Funeral
                 Obsequies
                 and
                 Observances
                 due
                 to
                 the
                 Dead
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 their
                 Ashes
                 and
                 Bones
                 to
                 their
                 Kindred
                 and
                 Friends
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 far
                 more
                 inrag'd
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 against
                 Perdiccas
                 ,
                 and
                 knit
                 their
                 Hearts
                 in
                 affection
                 to
                 Ptolemy
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Night
                 came
                 on
                 ,
                 the
                 Camp
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 Cries
                 and
                 Lamentations
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 many
                 Men
                 should
                 miserably
                 perish
                 without
                 a
                 Stroke
                 stricken
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 there
                 were
                 no
                 fewer
                 than
                 a
                 Thousand
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 swallow'd
                 by
                 the
                 monstrous
                 Crocodiles
                 .
              
               
                 Hereupon
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Commanders
                 rail'd
                 against
                 Perdiccas
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 Phalanx
                 of
                 Foot
                 being
                 totally
                 disaffected
                 ,
                 discover'd
                 their
                 Hatred
                 by
                 their
                 Murmurings
                 and
                 Threats
                 :
                 And
                 a
                 Hundred
                 of
                 the
                 chief
                 Commanders
                 deserted
                 him
                 ;
                 of
                 whom
                 ,
                 the
                 chiefest
                 of
                 them
                 was
                 Pithon
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 conquer'd
                 the
                 Rebellious
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 not
                 inferiour
                 in
                 Valour
                 and
                 Reputation
                 to
                 any
                 of
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Commanders
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 Conspiracy
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 to
                 his
                 Tent
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 fell
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 Consult
                 ,
                 Ptolemy
                 came
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 saluted
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 an
                 Apology
                 for
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 .
                 And
                 seeing
                 that
                 they
                 wanted
                 Provision
                 ,
                 he
                 furnish'd
                 the
                 Army
                 with
                 abundance
                 of
                 Bread
                 ,
                 and
                 supply'd
                 the
                 
                 Camp
                 with
                 all
                 other
                 Things
                 that
                 were
                 necessary
                 .
                 But
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 upon
                 this
                 account
                 in
                 great
                 Grace
                 and
                 Favour
                 with
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 able
                 easily
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Protectorship
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 demanded
                 it
                 not
                 ,
                 but
                 bestowed
                 the
                 chief
                 Command
                 upon
                 Python
                 and
                 Arrhideus
                 ,
                 to
                 whom
                 in
                 Gratitude
                 he
                 was
                 much
                 oblig'd
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 appointed
                 a
                 Consult
                 concerning
                 that
                 honourable
                 Trust
                 and
                 high
                 Command
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Advice
                 
                 of
                 Ptolemy
                 they
                 all
                 unanimously
                 created
                 Python
                 and
                 Arrhideus
                 (
                 who
                 convey'd
                 the
                 the
                 King's
                 Body
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 Protectors
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 investing
                 them
                 with
                 Sovereign
                 Authority
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 Perdiccas
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 enjoy'd
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Three
                 Years
                 ,
                 lost
                 both
                 it
                 and
                 his
                 Life
                 together
                 .
                 After
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 News
                 was
                 
                 brought
                 ,
                 that
                 Eumenes
                 had
                 won
                 the
                 Day
                 in
                 Cappadocia
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Craeterus
                 and
                 Neoptolemus
                 were
                 both
                 slain
                 .
                 Which
                 News
                 ,
                 if
                 it
                 had
                 arriv'd
                 the
                 Day
                 before
                 Perdiccas
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 that
                 prosperous
                 Success
                 would
                 have
                 been
                 a
                 Protection
                 to
                 his
                 Person
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 none
                 durst
                 have
                 lifted
                 up
                 their
                 Hands
                 against
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 now
                 hearing
                 how
                 Eumenes
                 had
                 succeeded
                 ,
                 condemn'd
                 him
                 and
                 all
                 his
                 Adherents
                 (
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Fifty
                 Noble
                 Lords
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 was
                 Alcetas
                 the
                 
                 Brother
                 of
                 
                   Perdiccas
                   ,
                
                 )
                 to
                 die
                 .
                 And
                 at
                 that
                 very
                 time
                 they
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 Perdiccas
                 his
                 chiefest
                 Friends
                 ,
                 then
                 in
                 their
                 Hands
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 Sister
                 Atalanta
                 ,
                 the
                 Wife
                 of
                 Attalus
                 the
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet.
                 For
                 at
                 and
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 
                   Perdiccas
                   ,
                   Attalus
                
                 the
                 
                 Admiral
                 lay
                 with
                 the
                 Fleet
                 before
                 Pelusium
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 News
                 was
                 brought
                 him
                 of
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Perdiccas
                 and
                 his
                 Wife
                 ,
                 he
                 loos'd
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 and
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Tyre
                 ;
                 where
                 Archelaus
                 ,
                 a
                 Macedonian
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 kindly
                 receiv'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 faithfully
                 restor'd
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 Money
                 intrusted
                 in
                 his
                 Hands
                 by
                 Perdiccas
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Value
                 of
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 Attalus
                 abiding
                 at
                 Tyre
                 ,
                 receiv'd
                 all
                 
                 Perdiccas's
                 Friends
                 that
                 fled
                 to
                 him
                 from
                 the
                 Camp
                 at
                 Memphis
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 Antipater
                 was
                 gone
                 over
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 ,
                 in
                 pursuance
                 of
                 their
                 League
                 made
                 with
                 Perdiccas
                 ,
                 mach'd
                 into
                 Thessaly
                 with
                 a
                 Design
                 to
                 divide
                 
                 Antipater's
                 Army
                 .
                 
                 They
                 had
                 Twelve
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 *
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 commanded
                 as
                 General
                 by
                 Alexander
                 an
                 Aetolian
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 their
                 March
                 they
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 Locrians
                 in
                 Amphissa
                 ,
                 and
                 harrass'd
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Towns
                 and
                 Villages
                 .
                 They
                 routed
                 likewise
                 Polycles
                 ,
                 Antipater's
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 him
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 his
                 Men.
                 Of
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 they
                 took
                 ,
                 some
                 were
                 sold
                 for
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 were
                 ransom'd
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 they
                 broke
                 into
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 over
                 many
                 there
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 they
                 made
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 Five
                 and
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ;
                 while
                 they
                 were
                 taking
                 in
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 the
                 Acarnanians
                 bearing
                 a
                 Grudge
                 to
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 ,
                 invaded
                 Aetolia
                 ,
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 
                 the
                 Cities
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 heard
                 what
                 Danger
                 their
                 Country
                 was
                 in
                 ,
                 they
                 left
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 their
                 Forces
                 in
                 Thessaly
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Menon
                 of
                 Pharsalis
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 themselves
                 speedily
                 march'd
                 back
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 Soldiers
                 into
                 Aetolia
                 ,
                 and
                 struck
                 such
                 a
                 Terror
                 into
                 the
                 Acarnanians
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 presen●
                 reliev'd
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 While
                 
                 they
                 were
                 thus
                 employ'd
                 ,
                 Polyspherchon
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 left
                 General
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 came
                 into
                 
                 Thessaly
                 with
                 a
                 brave
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 and
                 routed
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 killing
                 Menon
                 the
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 cutting
                 off
                 most
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 recover'd
                 Thessaly
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 
                   Asia
                   ,
                   Arrhideus
                
                 and
                 Pytho
                 ,
                 Protectors
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 leaving
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 ,
                 came
                 with
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 to
                 †
                 Triparadisus
                 in
                 **
                 
                   Higher
                   Syria
                
                 .
                 There
                 *
                 Euridice
                 the
                 Queen
                 taking
                 upon
                 her
                 to
                 intermeddle
                 and
                 pry
                 too
                 curiously
                 into
                 Matters
                 that
                 concern'd
                 her
                 not
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 controul
                 the
                 Protectors
                 ;
                 Pytho
                 and
                 his
                 Friends
                 hereby
                 became
                 much
                 disgusted
                 ,
                 and
                 perceiving
                 that
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 were
                 more
                 observant
                 to
                 her
                 Commands
                 than
                 to
                 theirs
                 ,
                 they
                 call'd
                 a
                 Council
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 up
                 the
                 Protectorship
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 chose
                 Antipater
                 Protector
                 ,
                 with
                 absolute
                 Authority
                 .
                 A
                 few
                 days
                 after
                 Antipater
                 going
                 to
                 Triparadisus
                 ,
                 found
                 Eurydice
                 stiring
                 up
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 to
                 a
                 Sedition
                 against
                 him
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 there
                 arose
                 no
                 small
                 Mutiny
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 .
                 Antipater
                 hereupon
                 call'd
                 a
                 General
                 Council
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 argu'd
                 and
                 canvass'd
                 the
                 Business
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 allay'd
                 the
                 Spirit
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 Eurydice
                 (
                 through
                 fear
                 of
                 him
                 )
                 into
                 a
                 better
                 Temper
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 these
                 Things
                 were
                 over
                 ,
                 Antipater
                 made
                 a
                 second
                 Division
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 allotted
                 to
                 Ptolemy
                 that
                 whereof
                 he
                 was
                 then
                 in
                 Possession
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 Practicable
                 to
                 remove
                 him
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 appear'd
                 Ptolemy
                 had
                 gain'd
                 Aegypt
                 as
                 a
                 Conqueror
                 .
                 Syria
                 he
                 gave
                 to
                 Laomedon
                 of
                 Mitylene
                 ;
                 and
                 Cilicia
                 to
                 Philoxenus
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 other
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 he
                 
                 assign'd
                 Mesopotamia
                 and
                 Arbelitis
                 to
                 Amphimachus
                 ;
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Babylon
                 to
                 Seleucus
                 ,
                 and
                 Susiana
                 to
                 *
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 set
                 the
                 Wheel
                 a
                 going
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 overthrow
                 Perdiccas
                 .
                 To
                 Peucestas
                 he
                 granted
                 Persia
                 ;
                 to
                 
                   Tlepolemus
                   ,
                   Carmania
                
                 ;
                 to
                 
                   Pithon
                   ,
                   Media
                
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 
                   Philip
                   ,
                   Parthia
                   .
                   Aria
                
                 and
                 Drangana
                 he
                 allotted
                 to
                 Stasandrus
                 the
                 
                   Cyprian
                   ;
                   Bactriana
                
                 and
                 Sogdiana
                 to
                 Stasanorus
                 of
                 Solium
                 ,
                 born
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Island
                 ;
                 Parapamisada
                 ,
                 to
                 Oxyartas
                 the
                 Father
                 of
                 Rhoxana
                 ,
                 whom
                 Alexander
                 marry'd
                 ;
                 and
                 India
                 ,
                 bordering
                 upon
                 Parapamisada
                 ,
                 to
                 Pithon
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Agenor
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Kingdoms
                 next
                 adjoyning
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 border'd
                 upon
                 the
                 River
                 Indus
                 ,
                 continu'd
                 under
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 Porus
                 ;
                 that
                 which
                 lay
                 to
                 Hydaspes
                 ,
                 remain'd
                 with
                 Taxilis
                 .
                 For
                 these
                 Kings
                 were
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 Dispossess'd
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 the
                 Royal
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 skilful
                 and
                 expert
                 General
                 .
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 †
                 Northern
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Cappadocia
                 to
                 Nicanor
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 
                   Greater
                   Phrygia
                
                 and
                 *
                 Cilicia
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 to
                 hold
                 them
                 as
                 he
                 did
                 before
                 .
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 to
                 Cassander
                 he
                 assign'd
                 Caria
                 ;
                 to
                 Clitus
                 ,
                 †
                 Lycia
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 
                   Arrhideus
                   ,
                   Phrygia
                
                 at
                 the
                 
                   Hellespont
                   .
                   Antigonus
                
                 he
                 appointed
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Royal
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 pursue
                 and
                 destroy
                 Eumenes
                 .
                 To
                 Antigonus
                 he
                 also
                 join'd
                 Cassander
                 and
                 Clearchus
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 secretly
                 projected
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 he
                 
                 might
                 be
                 discover'd
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 march'd
                 with
                 the
                 Kings
                 and
                 his
                 Troops
                 towards
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 conduct
                 the
                 Kings
                 back
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 therefore
                 being
                 declar'd
                 absolute
                 Commander
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 drew
                 out
                 the
                 Forces
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Winter-Quarters
                 to
                 fight
                 with
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 furnishing
                 himself
                 with
                 
                 all
                 necessary
                 Preparations
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 towards
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 who
                 then
                 lay
                 in
                 Cappadocia
                 ;
                 where
                 one
                 call'd
                 Perdiccas
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 chief
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 had
                 deserted
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 encamp'd
                 with
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 (
                 that
                 follow'd
                 him
                 )
                 about
                 three
                 days
                 March
                 distant
                 .
                 But
                 Eumenes
                 sent
                 out
                 Phenices
                 of
                 Tenedos
                 with
                 Four
                 thousand
                 good
                 Foot
                 and
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 against
                 him
                 ;
                 who
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 swift
                 March
                 ,
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Rebels
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 asleep
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Perdiccas
                 and
                 all
                 his
                 Army
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 second
                 Watch
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 .
                 Eumenes
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 the
                 chief
                 Ringleaders
                 of
                 the
                 Defection
                 ,
                 and
                 spar'd
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 mix'd
                 them
                 amongst
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 gain'd
                 all
                 their
                 Affections
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 Correspondence
                 with
                 one
                 Apollonides
                 ,
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 on
                 Eumenes
                 his
                 side
                 ,
                 by
                 large
                 Promises
                 so
                 effected
                 the
                 Business
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 him
                 to
                 betray
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 and
                 come
                 over
                 to
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Fight
                 .
                 Eumenes
                 was
                 then
                 encamp'd
                 in
                 Cappadocia
                 ,
                 
                 in
                 *
                 Places
                 very
                 convenient
                 for
                 Engagement
                 with
                 Horse
                 .
                 Antigonus
                 therefore
                 made
                 thither
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 higher
                 Ground
                 under
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 :
                 He
                 had
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 above
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 (
                 of
                 whom
                 most
                 were
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 brave
                 and
                 valiant
                 Men
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 Thirty
                 Elephants
                 .
                 Eumenes
                 had
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 Presently
                 a
                 sharp
                 and
                 bloody
                 Battel
                 was
                 fought
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Antigonus
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 Desertion
                 of
                 Apollonides
                 with
                 his
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 going
                 over
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 )
                 got
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 killing
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 upon
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 possessing
                 himself
                 of
                 all
                 their
                 Bag
                 and
                 Baggage
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Eumeneans
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 Slaughter
                 that
                 was
                 made
                 )
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 Consternation
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 all
                 their
                 Carriages
                 ,
                 were
                 brought
                 to
                 an
                 utter
                 Desperation
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 Eumenes
                 design'd
                 to
                 fly
                 into
                 Armenia
                 ,
                 to
                 perswade
                 some
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 Arms
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 prevented
                 by
                 a
                 swift
                 Pursuit
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 perceiving
                 his
                 Men
                 to
                 run
                 away
                 from
                 him
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 he
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 a
                 strong
                 Fort
                 call'd
                 Nora
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 indeed
                 very
                 small
                 ,
                 not
                 above
                 Two
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 compass
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 Strength
                 impregnable
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Houses
                 were
                 built
                 upon
                 a
                 very
                 high
                 Rock
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 was
                 wonderfully
                 fortisy'd
                 both
                 by
                 Nature
                 and
                 Art.
                 Besides
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 there
                 laid
                 up
                 great
                 store
                 of
                 Corn
                 ,
                 Fuel
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Things
                 of
                 that
                 kind
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 all
                 that
                 fled
                 for
                 shelter
                 thither
                 ,
                 might
                 be
                 abundantly
                 supply'd
                 with
                 all
                 Things
                 necessary
                 for
                 many
                 Years
                 together
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 were
                 his
                 fast
                 Friends
                 ,
                 accompany'd
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Flight
                 ,
                 and
                 resolv'd
                 at
                 the
                 last
                 and
                 utmost
                 Extremity
                 to
                 die
                 with
                 him
                 .
                 They
                 were
                 in
                 Number
                 ,
                 both
                 Horse
                 and
                 Foot
                 ,
                 about
                 Six
                 hundred
                 .
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 being
                 now
                 strengthen'd
                 with
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Revenues
                 of
                 his
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 gotten
                 together
                 a
                 great
                 Mass
                 of
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 aspire
                 to
                 
                 Matters
                 of
                 higher
                 Concern
                 ;
                 for
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 Asian
                 Commanders
                 were
                 as
                 yet
                 so
                 Potent
                 ,
                 
                 as
                 to
                 dare
                 to
                 contend
                 with
                 him
                 for
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 present
                 ,
                 indeed
                 he
                 bore
                 a
                 fair
                 outside
                 towards
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 but
                 secretly
                 had
                 resolv'd
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 firmly
                 settl'd
                 his
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 neither
                 regard
                 him
                 nor
                 the
                 Kings
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 ,
                 he
                 block'd
                 up
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Fort
                 with
                 a
                 double
                 Wall
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 deep
                 Trenches
                 and
                 
                 Works
                 of
                 Earth
                 of
                 a
                 wonderful
                 height
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 enter'd
                 into
                 Parley
                 with
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 willing
                 him
                 to
                 renew
                 their
                 ancient
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 perswade
                 him
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 as
                 an
                 Associate
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 Affairs
                 .
                 But
                 Eumenes
                 foreseeing
                 a
                 change
                 of
                 Fortune
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 insisted
                 upon
                 Terms
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 degree
                 of
                 Favour
                 that
                 seem'd
                 very
                 unequal
                 and
                 unfit
                 to
                 be
                 granted
                 to
                 one
                 in
                 his
                 present
                 Circumstances
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 requir'd
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 Right
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 restor'd
                 to
                 all
                 his
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 fully
                 acquitted
                 and
                 discharged
                 of
                 all
                 pretended
                 Offences
                 whatsoever
                 .
                 Antigonus
                 promis'd
                 to
                 acquaint
                 Antipater
                 with
                 his
                 Demands
                 ,
                 and
                 leaving
                 sufficient
                 Strength
                 for
                 continuing
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 against
                 the
                 Generals
                 ,
                 (
                 that
                 were
                 moving
                 towards
                 him
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 )
                 
                   viz.
                   Alcetas
                
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Perdiccas
                 ,
                 and
                 Attalus
                 the
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet.
                 Some
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 Eumenes
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Antipater
                 to
                 treat
                 upon
                 Terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 (
                 amongst
                 whom
                 was
                 Hieronymus
                 a
                 Colonel
                 ,
                 who
                 wrote
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 the
                 Successors
                 .
                 )
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 he
                 himself
                 having
                 experienc'd
                 many
                 Changes
                 and
                 Turns
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 was
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 discourag'd
                 ,
                 knowing
                 very
                 well
                 what
                 quick
                 and
                 sudden
                 Alterations
                 had
                 happen'd
                 on
                 both
                 Sides
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 saw
                 that
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 Kings
                 were
                 but
                 only
                 vain
                 and
                 insignificant
                 Shadows
                 of
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 many
                 valiant
                 Commanders
                 that
                 were
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 manag'd
                 their
                 Commands
                 one
                 after
                 another
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 seek
                 only
                 the
                 Advancement
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 private
                 Interests
                 .
                 Therefore
                 he
                 hop'd
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Truth
                 fell
                 out
                 afterwards
                 to
                 be
                 ,
                 )
                 that
                 many
                 would
                 desire
                 his
                 Help
                 
                 and
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 both
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 Skill
                 im
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 his
                 Constancy
                 and
                 Faithfulness
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 that
                 the
                 Horse
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 Exercis'd
                 in
                 a
                 Place
                 so
                 strait
                 and
                 craggy
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 were
                 unserviceable
                 for
                 Horse-Engagements
                 ,
                 he
                 ingeniously
                 found
                 out
                 a
                 new
                 and
                 
                 unusual
                 way
                 for
                 the
                 Exercise
                 of
                 them
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 ty'd
                 up
                 their
                 Heads
                 by
                 Chains
                 to
                 a
                 Post
                 or
                 strong
                 Stake
                 ,
                 and
                 drew
                 them
                 up
                 so
                 high
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 stand
                 upon
                 their
                 hinder
                 Feet
                 ,
                 and
                 but
                 just
                 touch
                 the
                 Ground
                 with
                 the
                 Ends
                 of
                 their
                 fore
                 Feet
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Horse
                 presently
                 striving
                 to
                 get
                 his
                 fore
                 Feet
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 did
                 so
                 curvet
                 and
                 caper
                 ,
                 that
                 Legs
                 ,
                 Thighs
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 Member
                 was
                 in
                 action
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 Motion
                 the
                 Horse
                 was
                 all
                 on
                 a
                 Foam
                 ;
                 and
                 thus
                 they
                 were
                 all
                 Exercis'd
                 to
                 the
                 highest
                 degree
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 fed
                 of
                 the
                 meanest
                 Food
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 eating
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 common
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 gain'd
                 to
                 himself
                 the
                 Love
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Fellow-Soldiers
                 ,
                 but
                 caus'd
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 at
                 perfect
                 Peace
                 and
                 Concord
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Ptolemy
                 in
                 
                   Aegypt
                   (
                   Perdiccas
                
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 King's
                 Army
                 being
                 broken
                 in
                 pieces
                 )
                 enjoy'd
                 that
                 Country
                 as
                 a
                 Conqueror
                 :
                 And
                 casting
                 his
                 Eye
                 upon
                 Phoenicia
                 and
                 Celo-Syria
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 lying
                 very
                 commodiously
                 to
                 
                   Aegypt
                   ,
                
                 )
                 he
                 us'd
                 his
                 utmost
                 Endeavour
                 to
                 possess
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 those
                 Countries
                 .
                 
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 he
                 created
                 Nicanor
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 him
                 into
                 those
                 Parts
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Army
                 ,
                 who
                 coming
                 into
                 Syria
                 ,
                 took
                 Laomedon
                 ,
                 the
                 Governor
                 of
                 that
                 Province
                 ,
                 Prisoner
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 all
                 Syria
                 under
                 his
                 own
                 Power
                 .
                 He
                 gain'd
                 
                 also
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Phoenicia
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 Garisons
                 into
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 finish'd
                 a
                 troublesom
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 return'd
                 into
                 Aegypt
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 IV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Antigonus
                   routs
                   Alcetas
                   in
                   Pisidia
                   ,
                   and
                   takes
                   
                     Attalus
                     .
                     Alcetas
                  
                   receiv'd
                   into
                   Termessus
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   protected
                   .
                   He
                   's
                   murder'd
                   there
                   treacherously
                   ,
                   his
                   Body
                   inhumanly
                   us'd
                   by
                   Antigonus
                   .
                   Antipater's
                   Death
                   .
                   Antipater
                   put
                   Demeas
                   ,
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Athenian
                   Ambassadors
                   ,
                   to
                   Death
                   .
                   Polysperchon
                   made
                   Chief
                   in
                   
                     Macedonia
                     .
                     Cassander
                  
                   conspires
                   to
                   out
                   him
                   .
                   Antigonus
                   his
                   Plots
                   to
                   be
                   Sovereign
                   of
                   all
                   .
                   Arrideus
                   secures
                   himself
                   in
                   Phrygia
                   ,
                   besieges
                   
                     Cyzicum
                     .
                     Antigonus
                  
                   goes
                   to
                   raise
                   it
                   .
                   Eumenes
                   got
                   out
                   of
                   Nora
                   by
                   Antigonus
                   his
                   Order
                   .
                   Antigonus
                   his
                   further
                   Acts.
                   The
                   various
                   Fortunes
                   of
                   Eumenes
                   .
                   A
                   Council
                   in
                   Macedonia
                   call'd
                   by
                   Polysperchon
                   against
                   Cassander
                   .
                   The
                   Decree
                   of
                   the
                   Council
                   .
                   Polysperchon
                   invites
                   Olpmpias
                   out
                   of
                   Epyrus
                   into
                   Macedonia
                   .
                   Writes
                   to
                   Eumenes
                   to
                   join
                   with
                   the
                   Kings
                   .
                
              
               
                 AFterwards
                 when
                 Apollodorus
                 executed
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Lord-Chancellor
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 
                   Quintus
                   Publius
                
                 and
                 *
                 
                   Quintus
                   Poplias
                
                 Consuls
                 at
                 
                   Rome
                   ,
                   Antigonus
                
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Defeat
                 of
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 determin'd
                 to
                 march
                 against
                 Alcetas
                 and
                 Attalus
                 .
                 For
                 those
                 only
                 remain'd
                 of
                 all
                 Perdiccas
                 his
                 Friends
                 and
                 Kindred
                 who
                 were
                 skilful
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 Forces
                 sufficient
                 to
                 cope
                 with
                 him
                 for
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 he
                 march'd
                 away
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 out
                 of
                 Cappadocia
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 for
                 Pisidia
                 ,
                 where
                 Alcetas
                 then
                 lay
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 with
                 a
                 swist
                 March
                 suddenly
                 and
                 unexpectedly
                 to
                 Critopolis
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 call'd
                 ,
                 )
                 having
                 march'd
                 *
                 Two
                 thousand
                 five
                 hundred
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 7
                 Days
                 and
                 7
                 Nights
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 was
                 upon
                 them
                 before
                 they
                 were
                 aware
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 he
                 first
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 certain
                 Hills
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 difficult
                 Passes
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 When
                 Alcetas
                 his
                 Party
                 had
                 intelligence
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 approach
                 ,
                 they
                 presently
                 drew
                 up
                 a
                 *
                 Phalanx
                 in
                 order
                 of
                 Battel
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 a
                 fierce
                 Charge
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 drive
                 the
                 Horse
                 down
                 the
                 Hills
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 now
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 began
                 a
                 sharp
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 many
                 falling
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 Antigonus
                 with
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 Six
                 *
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 bore
                 down
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Might
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 all
                 ways
                 and
                 means
                 of
                 Retreat
                 to
                 Alcetas
                 ;
                 this
                 done
                 ,
                 those
                 upon
                 the
                 Tops
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Advantage
                 of
                 the
                 steepness
                 and
                 difficulty
                 of
                 the
                 Places
                 ,
                 easily
                 put
                 the
                 Phalanx
                 to
                 flight
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 Alcetas
                 his
                 Men
                 being
                 surrounded
                 with
                 the
                 Multitude
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 Passes
                 block'd
                 up
                 between
                 them
                 and
                 their
                 Foot
                 ,
                 they
                 look'd
                 upon
                 themselves
                 all
                 as
                 dead
                 Men.
                 Therefore
                 seeing
                 no
                 other
                 Remedy
                 or
                 Means
                 left
                 to
                 escape
                 ,
                 Alcetas
                 (
                 with
                 the
                 Loss
                 of
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 )
                 at
                 length
                 with
                 much
                 ado
                 broke
                 through
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 to
                 the
                 Foot.
                 Hereupon
                 Antigonus
                 marching
                 down
                 from
                 the
                 Hills
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 the
                 Enemy
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 far
                 inferior
                 in
                 Number
                 )
                 were
                 mightily
                 terrify'd
                 :
                 For
                 all
                 the
                 Confederates
                 were
                 not
                 above
                 Sixteen
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Nine
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ;
                 whereas
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 (
                 besides
                 Elephants
                 )
                 were
                 above
                 Forty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 Seven
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 Those
                 therefore
                 ,
                 with
                 Alcetas
                 ,
                 (
                 considering
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 meet
                 with
                 Elephants
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 surrounded
                 with
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 to
                 engage
                 with
                 Foot
                 far
                 exceeding
                 them
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 Number
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Skilfulness
                 of
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 besides
                 had
                 the
                 Advantage
                 of
                 the
                 higher
                 Ground
                 ,
                 )
                 fell
                 into
                 Confusion
                 and
                 Amazement
                 ;
                 nay
                 ,
                 the
                 Enemy
                 hasted
                 and
                 came
                 upon
                 them
                 so
                 fast
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 draw
                 up
                 their
                 Men
                 in
                 due
                 order
                 of
                 Battel
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 was
                 presently
                 broken
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Attalus
                   Docimus
                
                 and
                 Polemo
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 were
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 .
                 But
                 Alcetas
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 Life-Guard
                 ,
                 his
                 Children
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 those
                 Pisidians
                 that
                 sided
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 got
                 into
                 Termessus
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 Pisidia
                 .
                 Then
                 Antigonus
                 came
                 to
                 an
                 Agreement
                 with
                 the
                 Captains
                 ,
                 his
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 he
                 dispos'd
                 of
                 among
                 his
                 own
                 Troops
                 ,
                 using
                 them
                 with
                 all
                 Humanity
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 greatly
                 encreas'd
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 But
                 about
                 Six
                 thousand
                 Pisidians
                 (
                 valiant
                 Men
                 )
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 stick
                 to
                 Alcetas
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 they
                 would
                 never
                 desert
                 him
                 upon
                 any
                 Terms
                 whatsoever
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 lov'd
                 him
                 intirely
                 for
                 the
                 Reasons
                 following
                 .
                 For
                 ,
              
               
                 When
                 Alcetas
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Perdiccas
                 ,
                 had
                 no
                 Confederates
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 he
                 determin'd
                 by
                 some
                 acts
                 of
                 Kindness
                 or
                 other
                 to
                 engage
                 the
                 Pisidians
                 ;
                 because
                 he
                 knew
                 he
                 should
                 thereby
                 gain
                 a
                 Warlike
                 People
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 a
                 Country
                 very
                 difficult
                 to
                 enter
                 ,
                 and
                 full
                 of
                 strong
                 Forts
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Confederates
                 .
                 Therefore
                 in
                 every
                 Expedition
                 he
                 always
                 bestow'd
                 special
                 
                 Marks
                 of
                 Honour
                 upon
                 them
                 above
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Confederates
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 so
                 divided
                 the
                 Spoil
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Half
                 was
                 ever
                 allotted
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 by
                 
                 his
                 Familiarity
                 and
                 Freedom
                 in
                 Converse
                 ,
                 daily
                 Invitations
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 eminent
                 Persons
                 amongst
                 them
                 to
                 his
                 Table
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 Bounty
                 and
                 Liberality
                 in
                 bestowing
                 upon
                 them
                 many
                 large
                 Gifts
                 and
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 he
                 ingross'd
                 to
                 himself
                 the
                 Love
                 of
                 all
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 now
                 (
                 having
                 anchor'd
                 all
                 his
                 Hopes
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 his
                 chiefest
                 Confidence
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 )
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 frustrated
                 in
                 his
                 Expectation
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 Antigonus
                 encamp'd
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 before
                 Termessus
                 ,
                 and
                 demanded
                 Alcetas
                 to
                 be
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 the
                 Elders
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 had
                 determin'd
                 to
                 give
                 him
                 up
                 ,
                 )
                 all
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 got
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 run
                 all
                 Hazards
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 utmost
                 Extremity
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 Preservation
                 .
                 The
                 Elders
                 indeed
                 at
                 first
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 disswade
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 draw
                 them
                 off
                 from
                 their
                 former
                 Resolve
                 ,
                 wishing
                 them
                 not
                 to
                 involve
                 their
                 Country
                 in
                 War
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 one
                 Macedonian
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 that
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 allay
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 ,
                 they
                 secretly
                 consulted
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 sent
                 away
                 a
                 Messenger
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 him
                 faithfully
                 promis'd
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 would
                 deliver
                 Alcetas
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 either
                 dead
                 or
                 alive
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 they
                 desir'd
                 him
                 ,
                 That
                 by
                 assaulting
                 the
                 City
                 for
                 some
                 Days
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 decoy
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 to
                 sally
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 skirmishing
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 feign
                 a
                 Flight
                 ;
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 were
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 busy
                 in
                 Pursuit
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 have
                 an
                 Opportunity
                 to
                 accomplish
                 their
                 Design
                 .
                 Antigonus
                 assented
                 hereunto
                 ,
                 and
                 drew
                 
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 at
                 a
                 further
                 Distance
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 egg'd
                 on
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 to
                 Skirmishes
                 ,
                 and
                 light
                 Pickeerings
                 .
                 The
                 *
                 Elders
                 now
                 discerning
                 Alcetas
                 left
                 alone
                 ,
                 they
                 employ'd
                 the
                 faithfullest
                 of
                 their
                 Servants
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 active
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 (
                 that
                 were
                 not
                 engag'd
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 with
                 them
                 (
                 in
                 the
                 Absence
                 of
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 )
                 set
                 upon
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 could
                 not
                 take
                 him
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 kill'd
                 himself
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Hand
                 ,
                 lest
                 he
                 should
                 fall
                 alive
                 
                 into
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 But
                 they
                 laid
                 his
                 Body
                 upon
                 a
                 Bier
                 ,
                 casting
                 over
                 it
                 a
                 course
                 Cloth
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 it
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Gates
                 ,
                 and
                 ,
                 unknown
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 skirmishing
                 ,
                 deliver'd
                 it
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 Device
                 they
                 freed
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 prevented
                 a
                 War
                 ;
                 but
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 avoid
                 the
                 Fury
                 of
                 the
                 young
                 Men.
                 For
                 when
                 they
                 return'd
                 ,
                 and
                 understood
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 (
                 through
                 that
                 ardent
                 Love
                 and
                 Affection
                 they
                 bore
                 
                   Alcetas
                   ,
                
                 )
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 enrag'd
                 at
                 their
                 Governors
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 first
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 set
                 the
                 Houses
                 on
                 fire
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 to
                 issue
                 out
                 with
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 betake
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 and
                 wast
                 and
                 destroy
                 all
                 the
                 Country
                 round
                 belonging
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 .
                 But
                 afterwards
                 they
                 alter'd
                 their
                 Purpose
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 burning
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 began
                 ,
                 by
                 robbing
                 and
                 spoiling
                 miserably
                 ,
                 to
                 lay
                 waste
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Country
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Antigonus
                 having
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 Alcetas
                 ,
                 us'd
                 it
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Disgrace
                 and
                 Contumely
                 imaginable
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 three
                 Days
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 beginning
                 to
                 putrify
                 ,
                 contemptuously
                 cast
                 it
                 out
                 without
                 any
                 Burial
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 march'd
                 out
                 of
                 Pisidia
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 of
                 Termessus
                 bearing
                 still
                 a
                 Love
                 and
                 Respect
                 to
                 the
                 abus'd
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 ,
                 took
                 it
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 decently
                 bury'd
                 it
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 of
                 so
                 kind
                 and
                 obliging
                 a
                 Nature
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 something
                 singular
                 in
                 him
                 of
                 Love
                 and
                 Respect
                 to
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 deserv'd
                 well
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 was
                 ever
                 towards
                 such
                 unchangeable
                 in
                 his
                 Love
                 and
                 Affection
                 .
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 having
                 left
                 Pisidia
                 ,
                 made
                 towards
                 Phrygia
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Cretiens
                   ,
                   Aristodemus
                
                 the
                 Milesian
                 brought
                 him
                 the
                 News
                 of
                 
                 Antipater's
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 chief
                 Command
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Protectorship
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Kings
                 ,
                 was
                 devolv'd
                 upon
                 Polysperchon
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 pleas'd
                 with
                 the
                 News
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 his
                 Hopes
                 were
                 exalted
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 Business
                 to
                 Rule
                 and
                 Govern
                 all
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Absolute
                 and
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 there
                 without
                 stooping
                 to
                 any
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 while
                 Antipater
                 was
                 seiz'd
                 with
                 a
                 grievous
                 Sickness
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 old
                 Age
                 making
                 way
                 for
                 his
                 Dissolution
                 ,
                 )
                 the
                 Athenians
                 sent
                 Demades
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 look'd
                 upon
                 as
                 one
                 
                 that
                 had
                 manag'd
                 Things
                 with
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Honesty
                 and
                 Integrity
                 )
                 Ambassador
                 to
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 to
                 desire
                 him
                 to
                 draw
                 out
                 the
                 Garison
                 from
                 Munichia
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 at
                 first
                 Articl'd
                 and
                 Agreed
                 .
                 Antipater
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 was
                 very
                 kind
                 to
                 Demades
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Perdiccas
                 ,
                 when
                 some
                 Letters
                 of
                 Demades
                 (
                 amongst
                 others
                 )
                 were
                 found
                 amongst
                 the
                 King's
                 Papers
                 ,
                 wherein
                 he
                 press'd
                 Perdiccas
                 to
                 hasten
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 into
                 Europe
                 against
                 Antipater
                 ;
                 though
                 he
                 suppress'd
                 his
                 Resentment
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 yet
                 in
                 
                 truth
                 he
                 bore
                 him
                 a
                 Grudge
                 .
                 Therefore
                 when
                 Demades
                 had
                 deliver'd
                 his
                 Message
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 Commanded
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 had
                 something
                 sharply
                 debated
                 the
                 Matter
                 concerning
                 the
                 Garison
                 ;
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 without
                 giving
                 any
                 Answer
                 ,
                 committed
                 his
                 Son
                 Demeas
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 joint
                 Ambassador
                 with
                 his
                 Father
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 *
                 Executioners
                 ,
                 who
                 presently
                 carry'd
                 him
                 away
                 to
                 the
                 Prison
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 Reasons
                 before-mention'd
                 †
                 cut
                 off
                 his
                 Head.
                 
              
               
               
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 very
                 near
                 his
                 End
                 ,
                 appointed
                 Polysperchon
                 ,
                 the
                 Eldest
                 almost
                 of
                 all
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Captains
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 in
                 great
                 Honour
                 and
                 Reputation
                 with
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 Protector
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 with
                 chief
                 and
                 absolute
                 Authority
                 .
                 And
                 his
                 Son
                 Cassander
                 he
                 created
                 *
                 Chiliarch
                 ,
                 next
                 in
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 to
                 Polysperchon
                 .
                 This
                 Office
                 was
                 first
                 made
                 a
                 Place
                 of
                 Honour
                 and
                 Credit
                 by
                 the
                 Persian
                 Kings
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 by
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 grew
                 great
                 ,
                 and
                 began
                 to
                 imitate
                 this
                 and
                 other
                 the
                 Customs
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 .
                 But
                 Cassander
                 relish'd
                 not
                 his
                 Father's
                 ordering
                 of
                 Matters
                 ,
                 and
                 judg'd
                 it
                 very
                 dishonourable
                 to
                 his
                 Family
                 to
                 have
                 one
                 that
                 was
                 nothing
                 related
                 ,
                 either
                 in
                 Blood
                 or
                 Affinity
                 ,
                 to
                 succeed
                 in
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Son
                 who
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 gave
                 apparent
                 and
                 pregnant
                 Evidences
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 Valour
                 and
                 Parts
                 ,
                 sufficient
                 to
                 Govern
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 therefore
                 he
                 took
                 a
                 Journey
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 with
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 
                 where
                 having
                 both
                 leisure
                 and
                 opportunity
                 ,
                 he
                 discours'd
                 with
                 them
                 about
                 the
                 Chief
                 Command
                 ,
                 and
                 dealt
                 with
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 privately
                 apart
                 by
                 themselves
                 ,
                 to
                 contrive
                 Ways
                 and
                 Means
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Principality
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 large
                 Promises
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 them
                 to
                 join
                 together
                 in
                 their
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 accomplishment
                 of
                 what
                 he
                 desir'd
                 .
                 He
                 likewise
                 privately
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 to
                 renew
                 the
                 League
                 ,
                 and
                 pray
                 his
                 Assistance
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 to
                 that
                 purpose
                 help
                 him
                 with
                 Shipping
                 out
                 of
                 Phaenicia
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 send
                 them
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 .
                 In
                 like
                 manner
                 he
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 and
                 Captains
                 ,
                 to
                 sollicit
                 them
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 Arms.
                 But
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 conceal
                 his
                 Design
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 suspected
                 ,
                 he
                 spent
                 his
                 time
                 for
                 many
                 days
                 together
                 in
                 Hunting
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Polyspherchon
                 having
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Guardianship
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 call'd
                 together
                 a
                 General
                 Council
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 advice
                 sent
                 for
                 Olympias
                 ,
                 wishing
                 that
                 she
                 would
                 take
                 into
                 her
                 Care
                 
                 Alexander's
                 *
                 Son
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 but
                 a
                 Child
                 ,
                 and
                 reside
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 as
                 Queen
                 Regent
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 :
                 For
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Quarrels
                 and
                 Heart-burnings
                 between
                 her
                 and
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 she
                 had
                 withdrawn
                 herself
                 into
                 Epirus
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Antipater
                 was
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 Stirs
                 and
                 Commotions
                 began
                 to
                 change
                 the
                 face
                 of
                 Affairs
                 there
                 ,
                 while
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 made
                 it
                 their
                 Business
                 ,
                 and
                 sought
                 every
                 one
                 how
                 to
                 advance
                 his
                 own
                 particular
                 Interest
                 .
                 The
                 
                 chief
                 of
                 whom
                 was
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 having
                 conquer'd
                 Eumenes
                 in
                 Cappadocia
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 join'd
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 Alcetas
                 and
                 Attalus
                 in
                 Pisidia
                 ,
                 and
                 besides
                 was
                 appointed
                 by
                 Antipater
                 Viceroy
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 )
                 bore
                 himself
                 very
                 high
                 ,
                 and
                 swell'd
                 with
                 Pride
                 in
                 the
                 Imagination
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Greatness
                 .
                 
                 And
                 being
                 now
                 possess'd
                 already
                 (
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Conceit
                 )
                 of
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 ,
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 neither
                 to
                 regard
                 the
                 Kings
                 nor
                 their
                 Guardians
                 :
                 For
                 in
                 regard
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 greater
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 confident
                 he
                 could
                 possess
                 himself
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Treasures
                 laid
                 up
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 being
                 there
                 was
                 none
                 able
                 to
                 oppose
                 him
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 then
                 in
                 his
                 Army
                 Threescore
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 Thirty
                 Elephants
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 these
                 ,
                 he
                 doubted
                 not
                 but
                 to
                 raise
                 more
                 ,
                 whenever
                 he
                 had
                 occasion
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 Money
                 enough
                 in
                 Asia
                 for
                 the
                 listing
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 abroad
                 in
                 any
                 place
                 where
                 he
                 pleas'd
                 .
              
               
                 Pondering
                 these
                 things
                 in
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 for
                 Hieronymus
                 the
                 Historian
                 ,
                 Eumenes
                 the
                 Cardian's
                 special
                 Friend
                 and
                 Fellow-Citizen
                 (
                 he
                 who
                 fled
                 to
                 Nora
                 )
                 and
                 having
                 brought
                 him
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 many
                 rich
                 Gifts
                 and
                 Presents
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 him
                 as
                 an
                 Agent
                 to
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 with
                 Instructions
                 to
                 desire
                 him
                 to
                 forget
                 the
                 Battel
                 in
                 Cappadocia
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Friend
                 and
                 Confederate
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 have
                 a
                 far
                 larger
                 Province
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 more
                 Wealth
                 than
                 ever
                 he
                 enjoy'd
                 before
                 :
                 And
                 to
                 let
                 him
                 know
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 Chiefest
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 share
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Advantages
                 and
                 Successes
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Designs
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 without
                 any
                 further
                 delay
                 he
                 call'd
                 his
                 Friends
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 imparted
                 to
                 them
                 his
                 whole
                 Design
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 of
                 greatest
                 account
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 some
                 he
                 allotted
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 to
                 others
                 Commands
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 raising
                 the
                 Hopes
                 and
                 Expectations
                 of
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 them
                 all
                 very
                 forward
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 in
                 carrying
                 on
                 his
                 Intrigues
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 determin'd
                 to
                 pass
                 through
                 all
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 remove
                 all
                 the
                 Governours
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 bestow
                 them
                 upon
                 his
                 Friends
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 execution
                 of
                 these
                 Projects
                 ,
                 Arrideus
                 the
                 Governour
                 of
                 Phrygia
                 〈◊〉
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 understanding
                 what
                 he
                 was
                 contriving
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 secure
                 his
                 own
                 Province
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 put
                 sufficient
                 Garisons
                 into
                 the
                 principal
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 against
                 Cyzicum
                 ,
                 being
                 the
                 greatest
                 and
                 most
                 important
                 City
                 of
                 all
                 others
                 for
                 his
                 purpose
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 above
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 of
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Persian
                 Darters
                 and
                 Slingers
                 ,
                 and
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Engines
                 for
                 Battery
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 shooting
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 casting
                 of
                 Stones
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 carrying
                 on
                 of
                 a
                 Siege
                 .
                 He
                 came
                 upon
                 the
                 City
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 surpriz'd
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 abroad
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 fields
                 ,
                 he
                 prest
                 on
                 
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 force
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 fright
                 )
                 to
                 
                 receive
                 a
                 Garison
                 .
                 The
                 Cyzians
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 thus
                 surpriz'd
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 many
                 were
                 shut
                 out
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 remain'd
                 were
                 altogether
                 unable
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 looking
                 upon
                 it
                 as
                 their
                 Duty
                 to
                 assert
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 cowardly
                 sent
                 forth
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 treat
                 concerning
                 the
                 raising
                 of
                 the
                 Siege
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 let
                 Arrideus
                 know
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 ready
                 to
                 submit
                 to
                 any
                 thing
                 he
                 thought
                 fit
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 receiving
                 of
                 a
                 Garison
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 they
                 secretly
                 arm'd
                 all
                 their
                 young
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 fit
                 for
                 Service
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 lin'd
                 the
                 Walls
                 round
                 with
                 Men
                 for
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 .
                 But
                 Arrideus
                 still
                 pressing
                 the
                 matter
                 for
                 the
                 receiving
                 of
                 a
                 Garison
                 ,
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 
                 That
                 they
                 would
                 acquaint
                 the
                 Citizens
                 with
                 his
                 Demands
                 ;
                 which
                 he
                 consented
                 unto
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 discharg'd
                 them
                 :
                 and
                 being
                 thus
                 freed
                 ,
                 they
                 spent
                 all
                 that
                 Day
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Night
                 next
                 following
                 ,
                 in
                 Preparations
                 for
                 the
                 holding
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Siege
                 .
                 Being
                 thus
                 deluded
                 ,
                 he
                 lost
                 the
                 Opportunity
                 of
                 accomplishing
                 what
                 he
                 design'd
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Cyzians
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 very
                 strong
                 ,
                 and
                 well
                 guarded
                 on
                 the
                 Land
                 side
                 (
                 for
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 Peninsula
                 )
                 and
                 being
                 
                 Masters
                 likewise
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 they
                 easily
                 repuls'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 to
                 them
                 of
                 Byzantium
                 for
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 Darts
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Things
                 that
                 were
                 necessary
                 and
                 useful
                 against
                 an
                 Assault
                 .
                 All
                 which
                 were
                 speedily
                 and
                 readily
                 sent
                 to
                 them
                 ;
                 whereby
                 their
                 Hopes
                 were
                 so
                 reviv'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 more
                 encourag'd
                 to
                 stand
                 it
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 .
                 They
                 presently
                 likewise
                 put
                 forth
                 their
                 Long
                 Ships
                 to
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 fail'd
                 along
                 the
                 Coast
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 in
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 them
                 back
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 thus
                 increas'd
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 their
                 Soldiers
                 (
                 after
                 the
                 killing
                 a
                 great
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Besiegers
                 )
                 they
                 forc'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 to
                 raise
                 the
                 Siege
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 Arrideus
                 (
                 cheated
                 by
                 this
                 Stratagem
                 of
                 the
                 Cyzians
                 )
                 after
                 a
                 fruitless
                 attempt
                 ,
                 return'd
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 Province
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Antigonus
                 lying
                 at
                 Celena
                 ,
                 was
                 inform'd
                 of
                 the
                 Siege
                 at
                 Cyzicum
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 lay
                 an
                 Obligation
                 upon
                 that
                 City
                 (
                 then
                 in
                 danger
                 to
                 be
                 ruin'd
                 )
                 to
                 
                 favour
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 future
                 Designs
                 .
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 he
                 detach'd
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 of
                 his
                 best
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 these
                 march'd
                 away
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 the
                 Aid
                 of
                 the
                 Cyzians
                 ;
                 but
                 came
                 thither
                 a
                 little
                 too
                 late
                 :
                 And
                 so
                 though
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 show
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Kindness
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 was
                 wholly
                 frustrated
                 in
                 his
                 Design
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Arrideus
                 ,
                 to
                 expostulate
                 Matters
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 first
                 ,
                 Why
                 he
                 dar'd
                 to
                 besiege
                 a
                 Greek
                 Confederate
                 City
                 without
                 any
                 Provocation
                 :
                 Then
                 ,
                 to
                 charge
                 him
                 with
                 open
                 Rebellion
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 Purpose
                 to
                 make
                 himself
                 absolute
                 Lord
                 and
                 Sovereign
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 .
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 To
                 command
                 him
                 to
                 depart
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 ,
                 and
                 thence-forward
                 to
                 live
                 a
                 private
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 content
                 himself
                 with
                 one
                 only
                 City
                 for
                 his
                 Subsistence
                 .
              
               
                 Arrideus
                 hearing
                 these
                 Demands
                 of
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 (
                 and
                 charging
                 them
                 with
                 Insolency
                 )
                 told
                 them
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 leave
                 the
                 Province
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 Garrison
                 all
                 his
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 decide
                 the
                 matter
                 with
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Sword.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 pursuance
                 of
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 said
                 (
                 having
                 every
                 where
                 fortified
                 his
                 Towns
                 and
                 Cities
                 )
                 he
                 sent
                 away
                 a
                 General
                 with
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 commanding
                 him
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 free
                 the
                 Fort
                 from
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 Eumenes
                 from
                 the
                 Straits
                 and
                 Difficulties
                 wherein
                 
                 he
                 then
                 was
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 persuade
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Confederate
                 in
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 eager
                 to
                 be
                 reveng'd
                 on
                 Arrideus
                 ,
                 sent
                 away
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Forces
                 against
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 march'd
                 with
                 a
                 numerous
                 Army
                 towards
                 Lydia
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Purpose
                 to
                 depose
                 Clitus
                 the
                 Lord-Lieutenant
                 of
                 that
                 Province
                 ;
                 who
                 having
                 before
                 intelligence
                 of
                 his
                 march
                 ,
                 Garison'd
                 all
                 his
                 principal
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 sail'd
                 over
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 to
                 inform
                 the
                 Kings
                 and
                 Polysperchon
                 of
                 the
                 Revolt
                 and
                 Impudence
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 crave
                 their
                 Aid
                 and
                 Assistance
                 .
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 at
                 his
                 first
                 approach
                 had
                 Ephesus
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 some
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 when
                 Aesculus
                 the
                 Rhodian
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Ephesus
                 with
                 four
                 Ships
                 ,
                 wherein
                 were
                 Six
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 of
                 Silver
                 sent
                 out
                 of
                 Cilicia
                 to
                 the
                 Kings
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 he
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Money
                 ,
                 alledging
                 he
                 had
                 occasion
                 to
                 use
                 it
                 for
                 the
                 raising
                 and
                 listing
                 Soldiers
                 :
                 By
                 which
                 Act
                 he
                 sufficiently
                 declar'd
                 to
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 was
                 altogether
                 designing
                 his
                 own
                 Interest
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 an
                 apparent
                 Enemy
                 to
                 the
                 Kings
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 he
                 besieg'd
                 those
                 Cities
                 that
                 stood
                 out
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 took
                 by
                 Assault
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 he
                 gain'd
                 by
                 fair
                 Words
                 and
                 Promises
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 now
                 related
                 the
                 Acts
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 pass
                 over
                 to
                 those
                 Things
                 that
                 happen'd
                 to
                 Eumenes
                 .
                 This
                 Man
                 had
                 the
                 frequent
                 Experience
                 of
                 sudden
                 Turns
                 and
                 
                 Changes
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 being
                 sometimes
                 in
                 low
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 times
                 again
                 (
                 beyond
                 all
                 Expectation
                 )
                 in
                 very
                 prosperous
                 Circumstances
                 .
              
               
               
                 In
                 former
                 times
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 assisted
                 Perdiccas
                 and
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 he
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Cappadocia
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 Places
                 that
                 as
                 Members
                 belong'd
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 liv'd
                 in
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 Prosperity
                 ,
                 commanding
                 both
                 Men
                 and
                 Money
                 at
                 his
                 Pleasure
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 conquer'd
                 
                 Craterus
                 and
                 Neoptolemus
                 ,
                 two
                 famous
                 Captains
                 ,
                 who
                 then
                 Commanded
                 the
                 before-unconquer'd
                 Troops
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 them
                 both
                 in
                 the
                 Fight
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 now
                 he
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 invincible
                 ,
                 when
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 his
                 Fortune
                 was
                 so
                 chang'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 routed
                 by
                 Antigonus
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Battel
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fly
                 with
                 a
                 few
                 Friends
                 to
                 a
                 very
                 little
                 Fort
                 for
                 shelter
                 .
                 Being
                 then
                 shut
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 hemm'd
                 in
                 with
                 a
                 double
                 Wall
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 no
                 Friend
                 left
                 that
                 could
                 help
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Distress
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 coop'd
                 up
                 a
                 Year
                 together
                 ,
                 now
                 utterly
                 despairing
                 of
                 Deliverance
                 ,
                 unexpectedly
                 and
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 appear'd
                 an
                 opportunity
                 of
                 Freedom
                 from
                 all
                 his
                 Troubles
                 :
                 For
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 who
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 had
                 straitly
                 besieg'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 earnestly
                 sought
                 to
                 take
                 away
                 his
                 Life
                 (
                 the
                 Scene
                 being
                 chang'd
                 )
                 now
                 seeks
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Partner
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Concerns
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 (
                 upon
                 a
                 mutual
                 Stipulation
                 upon
                 Oath
                 between
                 them
                 )
                 he
                 was
                 freed
                 from
                 the
                 Pressures
                 and
                 Hardships
                 of
                 the
                 Siege
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 after
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 being
                 unexpectedly
                 deliver'd
                 ,
                 he
                 continu'd
                 a
                 while
                 in
                 Cappadocia
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 again
                 got
                 together
                 his
                 old
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 former
                 Fellow-Soldiers
                 that
                 were
                 dispers'd
                 and
                 scatter'd
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 ;
                 and
                 was
                 so
                 wonderfully
                 belov'd
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Associates
                 and
                 Companions
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Hopes
                 and
                 Expectations
                 ,
                 presently
                 flock'd
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 ready
                 to
                 join
                 in
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 observent
                 to
                 all
                 his
                 Commands
                 .
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 within
                 a
                 very
                 few
                 days
                 he
                 had
                 got
                 together
                 above
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 who
                 chearfully
                 listed
                 themselves
                 ,
                 besides
                 those
                 five
                 hundred
                 Friends
                 ,
                 who
                 indur'd
                 the
                 Siege
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Fort
                 :
                 And
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 at
                 length
                 rais'd
                 to
                 that
                 height
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Kings
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 defended
                 the
                 Interest
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 against
                 all
                 that
                 dar'd
                 to
                 deprive
                 them
                 of
                 their
                 Sovereign
                 Authority
                 .
                 But
                 we
                 shall
                 give
                 a
                 more
                 exact
                 account
                 of
                 these
                 Matters
                 shortly
                 hereafter
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 proper
                 time
                 and
                 place
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 having
                 now
                 in
                 short
                 related
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 pass
                 to
                 Things
                 done
                 in
                 Europe
                 .
              
               
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 excluded
                 from
                 the
                 Chief
                 Command
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 yet
                 was
                 
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 discourag'd
                 ,
                 but
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 gain
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 look'd
                 upon
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 base
                 and
                 dishonourable
                 thing
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Authority
                 enjoy'd
                 by
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 shou'd
                 now
                 be
                 manag'd
                 by
                 others
                 .
                 But
                 discerning
                 that
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 favour'd
                 Polysphercon
                 ,
                 he
                 privately
                 discours'd
                 with
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 sent
                 them
                 (
                 that
                 nothing
                 might
                 be
                 suspected
                 )
                 to
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 :
                 He
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 continuing
                 for
                 some
                 days
                 together
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 spending
                 his
                 time
                 in
                 Hunting
                 ,
                 made
                 every
                 one
                 believe
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 no
                 Thoughts
                 or
                 Designs
                 of
                 aspiring
                 to
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 got
                 all
                 things
                 ready
                 for
                 his
                 Journey
                 ,
                 he
                 secretly
                 slipt
                 out
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 Chersonesus
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 forward
                 to
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ;
                 where
                 passing
                 over
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 craving
                 his
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 and
                 told
                 him
                 that
                 Ptolemy
                 would
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 .
                 Antigonus
                 readily
                 embrac'd
                 the
                 Offer
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 him
                 large
                 Promises
                 of
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 and
                 engag'd
                 forthwith
                 to
                 supply
                 him
                 with
                 Forces
                 both
                 for
                 Land
                 and
                 Sea-Service
                 .
                 But
                 all
                 this
                 was
                 nothing
                 but
                 Dissimulation
                 ,
                 pretending
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 join'd
                 with
                 him
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Love
                 and
                 Kindness
                 he
                 always
                 bore
                 towards
                 Antipater
                 ;
                 whereas
                 in
                 truth
                 he
                 design'd
                 to
                 divert
                 Polysperchon
                 with
                 fierce
                 and
                 bloody
                 Wars
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 he
                 might
                 with
                 more
                 ease
                 subdue
                 Asia
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 without
                 any
                 hazard
                 ,
                 gain
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 of
                 all
                 at
                 last
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 in
                 acting
                 ,
                 Polysperchon
                 ,
                 the
                 Kings
                 Protector
                 ,
                 having
                 a
                 prospect
                 
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 War
                 he
                 was
                 like
                 to
                 have
                 with
                 Cassander
                 (
                 and
                 conceiving
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 fit
                 to
                 undertake
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 without
                 consulting
                 first
                 with
                 his
                 Friends
                 )
                 assembled
                 all
                 his
                 Captains
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 of
                 Chief
                 Authority
                 among
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 And
                 forasmuch
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 apparent
                 ,
                 that
                 Cassander
                 was
                 strengthen'd
                 with
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 to
                 gain
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 Garison'd
                 with
                 his
                 Father's
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 were
                 govern'd
                 by
                 an
                 Oligarchy
                 ,
                 influenc'd
                 chiefly
                 by
                 the
                 Friends
                 and
                 Favourites
                 
                 of
                 Antipater
                 :
                 And
                 besides
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 the
                 Power
                 in
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 and
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 openly
                 and
                 apparently
                 deserted
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 were
                 Confederates
                 with
                 Cassander
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 both
                 were
                 richly
                 stor'd
                 with
                 Men
                 and
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 many
                 Potent
                 Cities
                 and
                 Provinces
                 :
                 For
                 these
                 Reasons
                 he
                 appointed
                 a
                 Consultation
                 to
                 consider
                 how
                 the
                 War
                 should
                 be
                 manag'd
                 against
                 them
                 .
                 After
                 the
                 matter
                 was
                 banded
                 to
                 and
                 fro
                 with
                 variety
                 of
                 Opinions
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 at
                 length
                 resolv'd
                 that
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 should
                 be
                 restor'd
                 to
                 their
                 Liberties
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Oligarchy
                 every
                 where
                 abolish'd
                 :
                 For
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 they
                 conceiv'd
                 they
                 should
                 weaken
                 the
                 Interest
                 of
                 Cassander
                 ;
                 and
                 much
                 advance
                 their
                 own
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 and
                 gain
                 strong
                 and
                 powerful
                 Confederates
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 present
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 ;
                 and
                 wishing
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 Courageous
                 ,
                 promis'd
                 to
                 restore
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Democracies
                 ;
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 the
                 
                 Ambassadors
                 the
                 Decree
                 in
                 Writing
                 ,
                 that
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 (
                 when
                 they
                 return'd
                 into
                 their
                 Countries
                 )
                 might
                 the
                 better
                 inform
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 the
                 Kindness
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 and
                 Captains
                 to
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
                 The
                 Decree
                 was
                 in
                 this
                 form
                 :
              
               
                 
                   SInce
                   it
                   has
                   ever
                   been
                   the
                   Practice
                   of
                   our
                   Ancestors
                   ,
                   to
                   express
                   their
                   Acts
                   of
                   Grace
                   in
                   the
                   many
                
                 
                 
                   Instances
                   of
                   their
                   Bounty
                   towards
                   the
                
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 
                   Our selves
                   are
                   likewise
                   desirous
                   to
                   preserve
                   and
                   keep
                   on
                   foot
                   what
                   they
                   determin'd
                   ;
                   and
                   are
                   willing
                   to
                   evidence
                   to
                   the
                   World
                   the
                   Kindness
                   and
                   Good-will
                   we
                   shall
                   ever
                   be
                   careful
                   to
                   preserve
                   towards
                   the
                
                 Greeks
                 :
                 
                   And
                   whereas
                   it
                   's
                   well
                   known
                   that
                   even
                   in
                   the
                   Life-time
                   of
                
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   before
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   devolv'd
                   upon
                   Us
                   ,
                   we
                   were
                   of
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   That
                   all
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   restor'd
                   to
                   that
                   Peace
                   and
                   Form
                   of
                   Government
                   which
                   was
                   order'd
                   and
                   appointed
                   by
                   our
                   Father
                
                 Philip
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   writ
                   to
                   all
                   the
                   Cities
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   concerning
                   that
                   Affair
                   :
                   Yet
                   afterwards
                   it
                   so
                   fell
                   out
                   ,
                   that
                   some
                   unadvisedly
                   ,
                   when
                   we
                   were
                   far
                   remote
                   from
                
                 Greece
                 ,
                 
                   made
                   War
                   upon
                   the
                
                 Macedonians
                 ;
                 
                   which
                   unruly
                   Persons
                   being
                   supprest
                   and
                   subdu'd
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Help
                   and
                   Conduct
                   of
                   our
                   Captains
                   ,
                   many
                   Cities
                   were
                   thereby
                   involved
                   in
                   great
                   Troubles
                   ,
                   and
                   brought
                   under
                   the
                   Smart
                   and
                   Sense
                   of
                   many
                   Inconveniencies
                   :
                   Impute
                   therefore
                   the
                   Cause
                   of
                   all
                   those
                   Sufferings
                   (
                   as
                   justly
                   you
                   may
                   )
                   to
                   those
                   Commanders
                   .
                   But
                   now
                   in
                   Reverence
                   and
                   due
                   Regard
                   to
                   that
                   ancient
                   Constitution
                   ,
                   we
                   grant
                   to
                   you
                   our
                   Peace
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   Kinds
                   of
                   Government
                   which
                   you
                   enjoy'd
                   under
                
                 Philip
                 and
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   full
                   Power
                   and
                   Authority
                   to
                   manage
                   all
                   other
                   things
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   several
                   Rules
                   and
                   Orders
                   by
                   them
                   prescrib'd
                   .
                   We
                   likewise
                   recall
                   all
                   them
                   who
                   have
                   either
                   voluntarily
                   withdrawn
                   themselves
                   ,
                   or
                   have
                   been
                   forc'd
                   away
                   by
                   the
                   Command
                   of
                   our
                   Captains
                   ,
                   from
                   the
                   time
                   that
                
                 Alexander
                 
                   first
                   landed
                   in
                
                 Asia
                 .
                 
                   It
                   is
                   likewise
                   our
                   Pleasure
                   ,
                   That
                   all
                   those
                   thus
                   re-call'd
                   by
                   us
                   ,
                   enjoy
                   their
                   Estates
                   without
                   quarrelling
                   or
                   remembrance
                   of
                   former
                   Injuries
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   they
                   be
                   restor'd
                   to
                   the
                   Franchises
                   and
                   Liberties
                   of
                   their
                   several
                   Cities
                   ;
                   and
                   whatever
                   Decree
                   is
                   made
                   against
                   them
                   ,
                   let
                   it
                   be
                   abrogated
                   ,
                   except
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   banish'd
                   ,
                   by
                   due
                   course
                   of
                   Law
                   ,
                   for
                   Murther
                   or
                   Sacrilege
                   .
                   But
                   we
                   do
                   not
                   hereby
                   intend
                   to
                   re-call
                   the
                   Exiles
                   of
                
                 Megalopolis
                 ,
                 nor
                 Polyenerus
                 ,
                 
                   who
                   are
                   condemn'd
                   for
                   Treason
                   ;
                   nor
                   the
                
                 Amphisseans
                 ,
                 
                   nor
                   the
                
                 Tricceans
                 ,
                 
                   nor
                   the
                
                 Pharcadonians
                 ,
                 
                   nor
                   the
                
                 Heracleots
                 .
                 
                   But
                   as
                   for
                   all
                   others
                   ,
                   let
                   them
                   return
                   before
                   the
                   30th
                   Day
                   of
                   the
                   Month
                
                 *
                 Xanthicus
                 .
                 
                   But
                   if
                   there
                   be
                   any
                   Laws
                   or
                   Orders
                   made
                   by
                
                 Philip
                 or
                 Alexander
                 
                   against
                   them
                   ,
                   let
                   them
                   be
                   brought
                   to
                   us
                   ,
                   that
                   such
                   course
                   may
                   be
                   taken
                   therein
                   ,
                   as
                   may
                   be
                   most
                   for
                   the
                   Service
                   and
                   Advnatage
                   of
                   us
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   Cities
                   .
                   Let
                   the
                
                 Athenians
                 
                   enjoy
                   all
                   other
                   things
                   as
                   they
                   did
                   in
                   the
                   time
                   of
                
                 Philip
                 and
                 Alexander
                 ;
                 
                   and
                   the
                
                 Oropians
                 hold
                 Oropus
                 
                   as
                   now
                   they
                   do
                   .
                   Yet
                   we
                   restore
                
                 Samos
                 
                   to
                   the
                
                 Athenians
                 ,
                 
                   because
                   our
                   Father
                
                 Philip
                 
                   before
                   gave
                   it
                   to
                   them
                   .
                   Let
                   all
                   the
                
                 Grecians
                 
                   make
                   a
                   Law
                   ,
                   That
                   none
                   take
                   up
                   Arms
                   or
                   act
                   any
                   thing
                   against
                   us
                   ;
                   otherwise
                   ,
                   That
                   such
                   be
                   banish'd
                   ,
                   and
                   forfeit
                   all
                   their
                   Goods
                   .
                   And
                   we
                   have
                   order'd
                   that
                
                 Polysperchon
                 
                   shall
                   manage
                   these
                   and
                   all
                   other
                   Matters
                   :
                   And
                   let
                   all
                   be
                   observant
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   in
                   what
                   we
                   have
                   before
                   written
                   to
                   you
                   ;
                   for
                   those
                   that
                   do
                   contrary
                   to
                   what
                   we
                   have
                   prescribed
                   ,
                   we
                   shall
                   not
                   in
                   the
                   least
                   pardon
                   .
                
                 
              
               
                 This
                 Decree
                 being
                 transmitted
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 Polysperchon
                 writ
                 to
                 Argos
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 their
                 Cities
                 ,
                 commanding
                 them
                 ,
                 That
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 any
                 Command
                 in
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 under
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 forthwith
                 banish'd
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 some
                 should
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Estates
                 confiscated
                 ;
                 that
                 being
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 extremity
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 in
                 no
                 capacity
                 to
                 assist
                 Cassander
                 .
                 He
                 sent
                 Letters
                 likewise
                 to
                 Olympias
                 ,
                 Alexander's
                 Mother
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 in
                 Epirus
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 to
                 intreat
                 her
                 to
                 return
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 into
                 
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 care
                 and
                 charge
                 of
                 
                 Alexander's
                 little
                 Son
                 ,
                 till
                 he
                 was
                 of
                 age
                 ,
                 and
                 capable
                 to
                 take
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 sole
                 Management
                 of
                 Affairs
                 .
                 He
                 writ
                 moreover
                 to
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 stick
                 to
                 the
                 Interest
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 League
                 by
                 any
                 means
                 with
                 Antigonus
                 ;
                 but
                 make
                 his
                 choice
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 come
                 over
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Protectorship
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 or
                 abide
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 receive
                 both
                 Men
                 and
                 Money
                 from
                 them
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 now
                 openly
                 declar'd
                 himself
                 a
                 Rebel
                 against
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 who
                 would
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 restore
                 him
                 the
                 Province
                 which
                 Antigonus
                 had
                 forc'd
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 all
                 other
                 Privileges
                 and
                 Advantages
                 which
                 he
                 ever
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 before
                 enjoy'd
                 in
                 Asia
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 he
                 alledged
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 became
                 Eumenes
                 above
                 all
                 other
                 Men
                 to
                 protect
                 the
                 Royal
                 Family
                 ,
                 as
                 consonant
                 to
                 all
                 those
                 Demonstrations
                 of
                 his
                 Loyalty
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 late
                 appearances
                 on
                 the
                 behalf
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 stood
                 in
                 need
                 of
                 Forces
                 ,
                 he
                 himself
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 would
                 come
                 over
                 into
                 Asia
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 .
                 These
                 were
                 the
                 Transactions
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 V.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Polysperchon
                   courts
                   Eumenes
                   
                     to
                     assist
                     the
                     Kings
                  
                   .
                   Eumenes
                   
                     his
                     Prudence
                     amongst
                     the
                  
                   Macedonian
                   Captains
                   .
                   Ptolemy
                   
                     sends
                     to
                     the
                     Captains
                     and
                     others
                     not
                     to
                     assist
                  
                   Eumenes
                   .
                   Antigonus
                   
                     contrives
                     to
                     kill
                  
                   Eumenes
                   ;
                   
                     who
                     marches
                     into
                  
                   Phoenicia
                   .
                   Nicanor
                   
                     deceives
                     the
                  
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   
                     and
                     still
                     keeps
                  
                   Munychia
                   ,
                   
                     and
                     subtilly
                     gets
                     the
                  
                   Pyreum
                   .
                   
                     Order'd
                     by
                  
                   Olympias
                   
                     to
                     deliver
                     the
                  
                   Pyreum
                   and
                   Munychia
                   
                     to
                     the
                  
                   Athenians
                   ;
                   
                     but
                     he
                     shifts
                     it
                     off
                  
                   .
                   Alexander
                   ,
                   
                     Son
                     of
                  
                   Polysperchon
                   ,
                   enters
                   Attica
                   ;
                   
                     secretly
                     corresponds
                     with
                  
                   Nicanor
                   ,
                   
                     and
                     displeases
                     the
                  
                   Athenians
                   .
                   Phocion
                   '
                   
                     s
                     hard
                     Usage
                     at
                     his
                     Trial
                     in
                  
                   Athens
                   ,
                   
                     is
                     condemn'd
                     ,
                     and
                     executed
                  
                   .
                   Cassander
                   
                     arrives
                     at
                     the
                  
                   Pyreum
                   .
                   Polysperchon
                   
                     comes
                     against
                     him
                     ,
                     but
                     returns
                     .
                     Besieges
                  
                   Megalopolis
                   ,
                   
                     but
                     is
                     there
                     much
                     damnify'd
                     ,
                     his
                     Elephants
                     spoil'd
                     by
                     a
                     Stratagem
                     .
                     A
                     Sea-Fight
                     between
                  
                   Clitus
                   and
                   Nicanor
                   .
                   Nicanor
                   beaten
                   .
                   Clitus
                   
                     afterwards
                     routed
                     by
                  
                   Nicanor
                   ,
                   
                     is
                     kill'd
                     in
                     his
                     Flight
                     to
                  
                   Macedonia
                   .
                   Antigonus
                   
                     goes
                     after
                  
                   Eumenes
                   .
                   Eumenes
                   
                     near
                     losing
                     his
                     Army
                     by
                     the
                     Breach
                     of
                     a
                     Dyke
                     in
                  
                   Babylonia
                   .
                   The
                   Greek
                   
                     Cities
                     revolt
                     to
                  
                   Cassander
                   .
                   The
                   Athenians
                   
                     make
                     Peace
                     with
                     him
                     .
                     He
                     kills
                  
                   Nicanor
                   .
                
              
               
                 ARchippus
                 being
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Quintus
                   Aelius
                
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   .
                   Papirius
                
                 
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 the
                 Letters
                 from
                 Polysperchon
                 were
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 Eumenes
                 presently
                 after
                 his
                 Release
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Fort
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 were
                 contain'd
                 ,
                 besides
                 what
                 was
                 before
                 declar'd
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Kings
                 had
                 bestow'd
                 of
                 their
                 Bounty
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 to
                 repair
                 his
                 Losses
                 he
                 had
                 lately
                 sustain'd
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 sent
                 Letters
                 to
                 the
                 Governors
                 and
                 Treasurers
                 of
                 Cilicia
                 to
                 pay
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 said
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 other
                 Monies
                 he
                 
                 should
                 have
                 occasion
                 for
                 ,
                 either
                 for
                 raising
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 necessary
                 Uses
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 order'd
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Macedonian
                 *
                 Argyraspides
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Officers
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 observant
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 readily
                 and
                 chearfully
                 to
                 serve
                 him
                 upon
                 all
                 Occasions
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 that
                 was
                 appointed
                 General
                 with
                 full
                 and
                 absolute
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 over
                 all
                 Asia
                 .
                 There
                 came
                 likewise
                 Letters
                 to
                 him
                 from
                 Olympias
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 she
                 earnestly
                 intreated
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 Assistant
                 both
                 to
                 her
                 and
                 the
                 Kings
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 only
                 remain'd
                 the
                 most
                 Faithful
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Friends
                 they
                 had
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 able
                 to
                 relieve
                 the
                 desolate
                 State
                 and
                 Condition
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Family
                 .
                 She
                 likewise
                 desir'd
                 him
                 to
                 advise
                 her
                 ,
                 Whether
                 it
                 was
                 better
                 for
                 her
                 to
                 remain
                 still
                 in
                 Epirus
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 not
                 trust
                 him
                 who
                 claim'd
                 the
                 Guardianship
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 truth
                 sought
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 )
                 or
                 to
                 return
                 ?
                 Hereupon
                 Eumenes
                 forthwith
                 writ
                 to
                 her
                 back
                 again
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   conceiv'd
                   it
                   most
                   Advisable
                   for
                   her
                   at
                   the
                   present
                   to
                   continue
                   in
                
                 Epirus
                 
                   till
                   the
                   War
                   was
                   ended
                   :
                   That
                   he
                   himself
                   was
                   resolv'd
                   to
                   be
                   ever
                   Faithful
                   and
                   Constant
                   in
                   his
                   Love
                   and
                   Duty
                   towards
                   the
                   Kings
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   in
                   the
                   least
                   to
                   adhere
                   to
                
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 
                   who
                   was
                   aspiring
                   to
                   gain
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   :
                   And
                   because
                
                 Alexander
                 '
                 
                   s
                   Son
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   Tenderness
                   of
                   his
                   Age
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Covetousness
                   of
                   the
                   Captains
                   ,
                   stood
                   in
                   need
                   of
                   Help
                   ,
                   he
                   look'd
                   upon
                   it
                   as
                   his
                   Duty
                   to
                   expose
                   himself
                   to
                   the
                   utmost
                   Hazards
                   for
                   the
                   Preservation
                   of
                   the
                   Kings
                   .
                
                 Hereupon
                 he
                 forthwith
                 
                 commanded
                 all
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 decamp
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 march'd
                 out
                 of
                 Cappadocia
                 ,
                 having
                 with
                 him
                 about
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 Two
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 no
                 Time
                 to
                 
                 wait
                 upon
                 the
                 slow
                 March
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 promis'd
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 because
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 (
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 *
                 Menander
                 )
                 was
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 was
                 now
                 no
                 staying
                 for
                 him
                 in
                 Cappadocia
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 declar'd
                 Enemy
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 :
                 But
                 though
                 this
                 Army
                 came
                 three
                 Days
                 too
                 late
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 so
                 lost
                 their
                 Opportunity
                 ,
                 )
                 yet
                 they
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 pursue
                 the
                 Troops
                 with
                 Eumenes
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 reach
                 him
                 ,
                 they
                 return'd
                 into
                 Cappadocia
                 .
                 For
                 Eumenes
                 making
                 long
                 Marches
                 ,
                 presently
                 recover'd
                 Mount
                 Taurus
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 got
                 into
                 Cilicia
                 :
                 Here
                 Antigenes
                 and
                 Tautamus
                 ,
                 the
                 Captains
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Argyraspides
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Friends
                 ,
                 (
                 in
                 Obedience
                 to
                 the
                 Kings
                 Letters
                 ,
                 )
                 met
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 after
                 a
                 long
                 and
                 tedious
                 March
                 ,
                 and
                 joyfully
                 Congratulated
                 him
                 for
                 his
                 unexpected
                 Deliverance
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 great
                 Troubles
                 ,
                 promising
                 to
                 be
                 ready
                 on
                 all
                 Occasions
                 at
                 his
                 Command
                 .
                 There
                 met
                 him
                 likewise
                 about
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Argyraspides
                 out
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 with
                 great
                 Demonstrations
                 of
                 Love
                 and
                 Affection
                 .
                 This
                 sudden
                 and
                 almost
                 incredible
                 Change
                 was
                 the
                 Subject
                 of
                 every
                 Body's
                 Admiration
                 ;
                 when
                 they
                 consider'd
                 how
                 the
                 Kings
                 and
                 Macedonians
                 (
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 )
                 had
                 condemn'd
                 Eumenes
                 and
                 all
                 his
                 Fellows
                 to
                 Die
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 having
                 forgot
                 that
                 Sentence
                 denounc'd
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 pardon'd
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 promoted
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 highest
                 Place
                 of
                 Command
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 without
                 just
                 
                 Cause
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 who
                 consider'd
                 the
                 wonderful
                 Changes
                 that
                 attended
                 Eumenes
                 should
                 be
                 
                 taus
                 affected
                 :
                 
                   For
                   who
                   that
                   does
                   but
                   observe
                   the
                   different
                   Accidents
                   in
                   the
                   course
                   of
                   Man's
                   Life
                   ,
                   would
                   not
                   be
                   amaz'd
                   at
                   the
                   various
                   Turns
                   and
                   Changes
                   of
                   Fortune
                   to
                   and
                   fro
                   ,
                   first
                   on
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   then
                   on
                   another
                   ?
                   Or
                   who
                   ,
                   trusting
                   in
                   the
                   present
                   Supports
                   of
                   a
                   prosperous
                   Fortune
                   ,
                   would
                   upon
                   that
                   account
                   be
                   so
                   far
                   transported
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   forget
                   the
                   Infirmity
                   of
                   Human
                   Nature
                   ?
                   For
                   every
                   Man's
                   Life
                   (
                   as
                   dispes'd
                   and
                   order'd
                   by
                   the
                   Providence
                   of
                   some
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   )
                   has
                   been
                   chequer'd
                   (
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   )
                   with
                   the
                   reciprocal
                   Turns
                   of
                   Good
                   and
                   Evil
                   in
                   all
                   Ages
                   of
                   the
                   World.
                   So
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   a
                   Wonder
                   ,
                   that
                   not
                   only
                   what
                   is
                   strange
                   and
                   unaccountable
                   ,
                   but
                   that
                   even
                   every
                   thing
                   that
                   falls
                   out
                   should
                   be
                   surprizing
                   and
                   unexpected
                   .
                
                 Therefore
                 who
                 can
                 sufficiently
                 value
                 History
                 ?
                 For
                 by
                 the
                 variety
                 and
                 change
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 (
                 there
                 represented
                 ,
                 )
                 a
                 Check
                 is
                 given
                 to
                 the
                 Pride
                 of
                 the
                 Fortunate
                 ,
                 and
                 allays
                 the
                 Grief
                 and
                 Misery
                 of
                 the
                 Unprosperous
                 .
                 Which
                 Things
                 Eumenes
                 then
                 wisely
                 considering
                 ,
                 and
                 weighing
                 beforehand
                 the
                 Instability
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 he
                 manag'd
                 his
                 Affairs
                 with
                 the
                 more
                 Caution
                 and
                 Prudence
                 .
                 For
                 thinking
                 with
                 himself
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 but
                 a
                 *
                 Stranger
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 no
                 Right
                 to
                 Kingly
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 now
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 )
                 not
                 long
                 before
                 judg'd
                 him
                 to
                 Die
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Commanders
                 and
                 Captains
                 were
                 all
                 inflam'd
                 with
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 ambitious
                 Designs
                 ,
                 he
                 conceiv'd
                 that
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 despis'd
                 and
                 envy'd
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 be
                 brought
                 into
                 danger
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 .
                 For
                 none
                 are
                 willing
                 to
                 submit
                 to
                 the
                 Commands
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 they
                 look
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 Inferiors
                 ,
                 nor
                 be
                 Lorded
                 over
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 ought
                 rather
                 to
                 be
                 under
                 the
                 Commands
                 of
                 others
                 themselves
                 .
                 Seriously
                 therefore
                 pondering
                 these
                 Things
                 with
                 himself
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 he
                 refus'd
                 to
                 accept
                 of
                 his
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 order'd
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 King's
                 Letters
                 for
                 the
                 Repair
                 of
                 his
                 former
                 Losses
                 ,
                 and
                 Refitting
                 of
                 himself
                 with
                 Necessaries
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 He
                 needed
                 not
                 so
                 large
                 a
                 Sum
                 ,
                 seeing
                 he
                 pretended
                 to
                 no
                 Principality
                 there
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 he
                 now
                 enjoy'd
                 was
                 not
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Choice
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 forc'd
                 by
                 the
                 Kings
                 to
                 undertake
                 the
                 present
                 Service
                 .
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 That
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 continual
                 Fatigues
                 of
                 War
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 worn
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 endure
                 those
                 Hardships
                 ,
                 and
                 runnings
                 from
                 Place
                 to
                 Place
                 ,
                 any
                 longer
                 ,
                 especially
                 being
                 that
                 a
                 Stranger
                 had
                 no
                 Right
                 to
                 Command
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 Law
                 was
                 excluded
                 from
                 the
                 Authority
                 due
                 to
                 be
                 executed
                 by
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Nation
                 with
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 There
                 was
                 represented
                 to
                 him
                 a
                 wonderful
                 Apparition
                 in
                 his
                 Dream
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 judg'd
                 very
                 necessary
                 to
                 discover
                 to
                 them
                 all
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 it
                 might
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 conceiv'd
                 )
                 conduce
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 promoting
                 of
                 Peace
                 and
                 Concord
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good.
                 He
                 declar'd
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 his
                 Sleep
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 the
                 late
                 King
                 ,
                 seem'd
                 to
                 appear
                 to
                 
                 him
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 when
                 living
                 )
                 adorn'd
                 in
                 his
                 Royal
                 Robes
                 ,
                 and
                 sitting
                 on
                 his
                 Throne
                 giving
                 out
                 Orders
                 to
                 his
                 Captains
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 as
                 in
                 his
                 Health
                 )
                 disposing
                 and
                 managing
                 all
                 the
                 Affairs
                 and
                 Concerns
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 
                   Therefore
                   (
                   says
                   he
                   )
                   I
                   am
                   of
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   That
                   a
                   Throne
                   of
                   Gold
                   should
                   be
                   made
                   at
                   the
                   Charge
                   of
                   the
                   King's
                   Treasury
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   should
                   be
                   plac'd
                   the
                   Diadem
                   ,
                   Scepter
                   and
                   Crown
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   the
                   other
                   Ensigns
                   of
                   Royalty
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   at
                   spring
                   of
                   Day
                   all
                   his
                   Captains
                   should
                   offer
                   to
                   him
                   Sacrifices
                   ;
                   and
                   standing
                   together
                   
                   near
                   the
                   Throne
                   ,
                   should
                   receive
                   Commands
                   in
                   the
                   King's
                   Name
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   he
                   were
                   alive
                   at
                   the
                   Helm
                   of
                   the
                   Government
                   .
                
                 All
                 were
                 very
                 well
                 pleas'd
                 with
                 what
                 he
                 said
                 ;
                 and
                 thereupon
                 every
                 thing
                 was
                 presently
                 prepared
                 for
                 the
                 purpose
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 King's
                 Treasury
                 was
                 very
                 rich
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 stately
                 Work
                 was
                 forthwith
                 finish'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Throne
                 was
                 set
                 up
                 ;
                 whereon
                 were
                 plac'd
                 the
                 Diadem
                 ,
                 Scepter
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Arms
                 he
                 us'd
                 to
                 wear
                 .
                 Then
                 was
                 plac'd
                 an
                 Altar
                 with
                 Fire
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 all
                 the
                 Captains
                 one
                 after
                 another
                 cast
                 Frankincense
                 ,
                 (
                 taken
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Golden
                 Casket
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 other
                 costly
                 sweet
                 Odours
                 ,
                 and
                 ador'd
                 Alexander
                 as
                 a
                 God.
                 After
                 this
                 were
                 order'd
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Seats
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Captains
                 and
                 great
                 Commanders
                 sate
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 consulted
                 and
                 debated
                 all
                 the
                 weighty
                 and
                 important
                 Affairs
                 .
                 Eumenes
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 carrying
                 himself
                 with
                 an
                 equal
                 Respect
                 and
                 Deference
                 in
                 all
                 publick
                 Meetings
                 towards
                 all
                 the
                 Captains
                 ,
                 and
                 suppling
                 them
                 with
                 fair
                 and
                 courteous
                 Language
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 avoided
                 the
                 Strokes
                 of
                 Envy
                 ,
                 but
                 thereby
                 gain'd
                 all
                 their
                 Hearts
                 .
                 By
                 the
                 same
                 Artifice
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 Prevalency
                 of
                 Superstition
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 )
                 he
                 so
                 elevated
                 the
                 Hopes
                 and
                 Expectations
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 some
                 God
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 General
                 .
                 In
                 like
                 manner
                 he
                 behav'd
                 himself
                 towards
                 the
                 Argyraspides
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 so
                 gain'd
                 their
                 Favour
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 counted
                 him
                 highly
                 worthy
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Protector
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 he
                 pick'd
                 out
                 the
                 fittest
                 Persons
                 from
                 among
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 them
                 
                 with
                 great
                 Sums
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 employ'd
                 them
                 to
                 hire
                 Soldiers
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 upon
                 large
                 Pay.
                 Whereupon
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 forthwith
                 went
                 into
                 Pisidia
                 and
                 Lycia
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 bordering
                 Countries
                 ,
                 and
                 diligently
                 put
                 in
                 execution
                 what
                 they
                 were
                 commanded
                 .
                 Others
                 went
                 into
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 into
                 Coelo-Syria
                 and
                 Phoenicia
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 sail'd
                 to
                 the
                 Cities
                 in
                 Cyprus
                 .
                 This
                 Listing
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 being
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 ,
                 and
                 reported
                 what
                 large
                 Pay
                 was
                 
                 offer'd
                 ,
                 many
                 came
                 flocking
                 in
                 from
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 enroll'd
                 their
                 Names
                 for
                 this
                 Service
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 they
                 had
                 rais'd
                 above
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 besides
                 the
                 Argyraspides
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 who
                 came
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Forces
                 of
                 Eumenes
                 being
                 thus
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 increas'd
                 to
                 an
                 incredible
                 Number
                 ,
                 
                 Ptolemy
                 arriv'd
                 with
                 the
                 Fleet
                 at
                 Zaphyrium
                 in
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 away
                 some
                 Commanders
                 to
                 sollicit
                 the
                 Argyraspides
                 not
                 to
                 side
                 with
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 whom
                 all
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 had
                 condemn'd
                 to
                 die
                 .
                 He
                 sent
                 likewise
                 to
                 the
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 Garison
                 in
                 *
                 Quindi
                 ,
                 desiring
                 them
                 not
                 to
                 help
                 Eumenes
                 with
                 any
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 would
                 bear
                 them
                 out
                 :
                 But
                 no
                 Man
                 regarded
                 what
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Kings
                 and
                 their
                 Protector
                 Polysperchon
                 ,
                 and
                 Olympias
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 had
                 written
                 to
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 obedient
                 in
                 all
                 things
                 to
                 Eumenes
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Commander
                 in
                 Chief
                 ,
                 and
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 of
                 all
                 others
                 ,
                 Antigonus
                 was
                 most
                 displeas'd
                 and
                 uneasie
                 at
                 the
                 Growth
                 and
                 Advancement
                 of
                 Eumenes
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 look'd
                 upon
                 him
                 as
                 the
                 most
                 powerful
                 Enemy
                 he
                 had
                 set
                 up
                 
                 against
                 him
                 by
                 Polysperchon
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 had
                 deserted
                 the
                 Kings
                 :
                 Therefore
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 by
                 some
                 Stratagem
                 to
                 cut
                 him
                 off
                 ;
                 to
                 which
                 end
                 he
                 employ'd
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 Philotas
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 him
                 Letters
                 to
                 the
                 Argyraspides
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 (
                 that
                 
                 sided
                 with
                 
                   Eumenes
                   ,
                
                 )
                 and
                 sent
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 Thirty
                 Macedonians
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 crafty
                 and
                 fair-spoken
                 Men
                 )
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 deal
                 with
                 Antigenes
                 and
                 Tautamus
                 ,
                 the
                 Captains
                 of
                 the
                 Argyraspides
                 ,
                 privately
                 and
                 apart
                 by
                 themselves
                 ,
                 to
                 destroy
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 promising
                 them
                 great
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 and
                 larger
                 Provinces
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 likewise
                 apply
                 themselves
                 to
                 their
                 Fellow-Citizens
                 and
                 Acquaintance
                 amongst
                 the
                 Argyraspides
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Bribes
                 draw
                 them
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 Eumenes
                 :
                 But
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 prevail
                 with
                 any
                 ,
                 except
                 Tautamus
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Captains
                 of
                 the
                 Argyraspides
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 corrupted
                 by
                 Bribes
                 ,
                 promis'd
                 not
                 only
                 for
                 himself
                 ,
                 but
                 undertook
                 to
                 draw
                 over
                 his
                 Collegue
                 Antigenes
                 to
                 this
                 foul
                 Design
                 :
                 But
                 Antigenes
                 being
                 a
                 prudent
                 and
                 faithful
                 Man
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 refus'd
                 ,
                 but
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 him
                 that
                 was
                 before
                 corrupted
                 to
                 alter
                 his
                 Purpose
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 told
                 him
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 more
                 expedient
                 that
                 Eumenes
                 should
                 live
                 than
                 Antigonus
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 being
                 already
                 grown
                 Great
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 became
                 more
                 Powerful
                 would
                 thrust
                 them
                 all
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Governments
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 to
                 them
                 which
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 he
                 pleas'd
                 :
                 But
                 as
                 for
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 being
                 but
                 a
                 Stranger
                 ,
                 he
                 durst
                 not
                 attempt
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Authority
                 ,
                 but
                 would
                 be
                 content
                 with
                 his
                 present
                 Command
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 gain
                 their
                 Favour
                 ,
                 would
                 secure
                 to
                 them
                 their
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 perhaps
                 add
                 more
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 were
                 all
                 the
                 Projects
                 against
                 Eumenes
                 frustrated
                 and
                 brought
                 to
                 nought
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Philotas
                 delivering
                 a
                 Letter
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 to
                 the
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 writ
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Captains
                 and
                 Soldiers
                 in
                 general
                 ;
                 the
                 Argyraspides
                 and
                 other
                 Macedonians
                 got
                 together
                 by
                 themselves
                 unknown
                 to
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 read
                 openly
                 to
                 them
                 :
                 In
                 which
                 were
                 Accusations
                 against
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 and
                 Advice
                 to
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 forthwith
                 to
                 seize
                 upon
                 him
                 and
                 put
                 him
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 come
                 presently
                 and
                 fall
                 upon
                 them
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 do
                 exemplary
                 Justice
                 on
                 them
                 for
                 their
                 Disobedience
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 hearing
                 the
                 Contents
                 of
                 these
                 Letters
                 ,
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 and
                 their
                 Captains
                 were
                 greatly
                 terrify'd
                 :
                 For
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 two
                 was
                 unavoidable
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 fall
                 under
                 the
                 revengeful
                 Displeasure
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 by
                 adhering
                 to
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 be
                 punish'd
                 by
                 Polysperchon
                 and
                 the
                 Kings
                 for
                 observing
                 the
                 Commands
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 .
                 While
                 all
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 in
                 these
                 distracted
                 Thoughts
                 ,
                 Eumenes
                 comes
                 in
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 hearing
                 the
                 Letters
                 read
                 ,
                 advis'd
                 them
                 to
                 obey
                 the
                 Orders
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 give
                 any
                 regard
                 to
                 an
                 open
                 declar'd
                 Rebel
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 spoken
                 many
                 things
                 pertinent
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 Occasion
                 ,
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 avoided
                 the
                 present
                 imminent
                 Danger
                 ,
                 but
                 inclin'd
                 all
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 him
                 in
                 a
                 firmer
                 Bond
                 of
                 Duty
                 and
                 Affection
                 than
                 ever
                 they
                 were
                 before
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 this
                 Man
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 again
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 even
                 involv'd
                 in
                 insuperable
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 yet
                 was
                 so
                 wonderfully
                 Fortunate
                 ,
                 as
                 thereby
                 to
                 strengthen
                 himself
                 the
                 more
                 .
                 Ordering
                 therefore
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 march
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 for
                 Phoenicia
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour'd
                 
                 to
                 get
                 Shipping
                 from
                 all
                 Sea-Towns
                 along
                 as
                 he
                 went
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 make
                 up
                 a
                 strong
                 Navy
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 having
                 a
                 Fleet
                 in
                 Phoenicia
                 ,
                 he
                 might
                 be
                 Master
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 what
                 Forces
                 he
                 pleas'd
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 transport
                 Polysperchon
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 with
                 safety
                 out
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 into
                 Asia
                 against
                 Antigonus
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 purpose
                 there
                 he
                 continu'd
                 in
                 Phoenicia
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 Things
                 were
                 acting
                 ,
                 Nicanor
                 (
                 who
                 held
                 Munychia
                 )
                 hearing
                 that
                 Cassander
                 
                 had
                 left
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 gone
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Polysperchon
                 was
                 suddenly
                 expected
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 in
                 Attica
                 ,
                 earnestly
                 sollicited
                 the
                 Athenians
                 to
                 stand
                 firm
                 in
                 their
                 Affections
                 to
                 Cassander
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 none
                 would
                 consent
                 to
                 what
                 was
                 desir'd
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 were
                 rather
                 for
                 the
                 Garison
                 to
                 march
                 away
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 ;
                 at
                 first
                 he
                 over-perswaded
                 the
                 People
                 with
                 fair
                 Words
                 to
                 forbear
                 a
                 few
                 days
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 afterwards
                 do
                 what
                 should
                 be
                 most
                 for
                 the
                 Good
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 But
                 after
                 the
                 Athenians
                 had
                 been
                 quiet
                 for
                 some
                 days
                 ,
                 
                 
                 secretly
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 he
                 brought
                 Soldiers
                 by
                 little
                 and
                 little
                 into
                 Munychia
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 now
                 he
                 had
                 got
                 in
                 strength
                 sufficient
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 oppose
                 those
                 that
                 design'd
                 a
                 Siege
                 .
              
               
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Athenians
                 perceiving
                 Nicanor
                 meant
                 nothing
                 in
                 what
                 he
                 did
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 advantage
                 
                 and
                 safety
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 a
                 Messenger
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 and
                 Polysperchon
                 ,
                 desiring
                 their
                 assistance
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Purport
                 of
                 their
                 Letters
                 ,
                 whereby
                 they
                 restor'd
                 the
                 Grecians
                 to
                 their
                 Liberties
                 :
                 Then
                 they
                 had
                 frequent
                 Assemblies
                 and
                 Consultations
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 how
                 to
                 manage
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 Nicanor
                 :
                 And
                 while
                 they
                 were
                 busying
                 their
                 Heads
                 about
                 these
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 he
                 drew
                 out
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Mercenaries
                 secretly
                 in
                 the
                 
                 Night
                 ,
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 Pireum
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Harbour
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 hereupon
                 ,
                 were
                 vex'd
                 to
                 the
                 Heart
                 ,
                 to
                 see
                 how
                 they
                 were
                 gull'd
                 and
                 cheated
                 as
                 to
                 Munychia
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 carelesly
                 lost
                 the
                 Pireum
                 .
                 They
                 sent
                 therefore
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 who
                 were
                 
                 Nicanor's
                 special
                 Friends
                 (
                 that
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 )
                 Phocion
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 
                   Phocus
                   ,
                   Conon
                
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Timotheus
                 ,
                 and
                 Clearchus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Nausicles
                 ,
                 as
                 Agents
                 to
                 Nicanor
                 ,
                 to
                 debate
                 the
                 late
                 transactions
                 they
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 requiring
                 him
                 to
                 permit
                 them
                 to
                 enjoy
                 their
                 Laws
                 and
                 Liberties
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 late
                 Edict
                 in
                 that
                 behalf
                 .
                 To
                 whom
                 he
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 must
                 go
                 to
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 had
                 his
                 Commission
                 to
                 be
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 Garison
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 no
                 power
                 to
                 treat
                 of
                 himself
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 came
                 a
                 Letter
                 from
                 Olympias
                 to
                 Nicanor
                 ,
                 commanding
                 him
                 to
                 deliver
                 
                 Munychia
                 and
                 the
                 Pyreum
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 :
                 He
                 understanding
                 that
                 the
                 Kings
                 and
                 Polysperchon
                 had
                 recall'd
                 Olympias
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 and
                 committed
                 the
                 young
                 Son
                 of
                 Alexander
                 to
                 her
                 Care
                 and
                 Tuition
                 ;
                 and
                 had
                 restor'd
                 her
                 to
                 her
                 former
                 Royal
                 State
                 and
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 same
                 that
                 she
                 enjoy'd
                 when
                 Alexander
                 was
                 living
                 )
                 meerly
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 promis'd
                 to
                 re-deliver
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 always
                 contriv'd
                 some
                 colourable
                 excuse
                 or
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 protracted
                 the
                 Business
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 in
                 former
                 times
                 had
                 ever
                 a
                 great
                 esteem
                 for
                 Olympias
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 purposing
                 (
                 in
                 the
                 Reality
                 of
                 their
                 Affections
                 )
                 to
                 celebrate
                 those
                 publick
                 Honours
                 which
                 were
                 decreed
                 to
                 her
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 hoping
                 that
                 the
                 Liberties
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 would
                 be
                 by
                 her
                 perfectly
                 restor'd
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 reach
                 of
                 all
                 future
                 danger
                 )
                 were
                 very
                 jocund
                 and
                 exceedingly
                 pleas'd
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Promises
                 of
                 Nicanor
                 not
                 being
                 perform'd
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Polysperchon
                 ,
                 came
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 into
                 Attica
                 :
                 The
                 Athenians
                 indeed
                 thought
                 that
                 he
                 came
                 
                 to
                 restore
                 to
                 them
                 Munychia
                 and
                 the
                 Pyreum
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Event
                 prov'd
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 both
                 for
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 :
                 For
                 some
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 
                 Antipater's
                 Friends
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 among
                 them
                 Phocius
                 )
                 fearing
                 some
                 Punishment
                 from
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 met
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 advising
                 him
                 what
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 persuaded
                 him
                 to
                 retain
                 the
                 Forts
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Hands
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 restore
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 till
                 the
                 War
                 was
                 ended
                 with
                 Cassander
                 :
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 Encamp'd
                 at
                 the
                 Pyreum
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 not
                 permit
                 the
                 Athenians
                 to
                 treat
                 with
                 Nicanor
                 ;
                 but
                 by
                 his
                 separate
                 Treatise
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 secret
                 and
                 private
                 Transactions
                 of
                 Affairs
                 between
                 
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 manifest
                 Indications
                 of
                 the
                 Injury
                 design'd
                 the
                 Athenians
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 therefore
                 met
                 together
                 in
                 a
                 Common
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 and
                 Depos'd
                 the
                 present
                 Magistrates
                 ;
                 and
                 set
                 up
                 such
                 as
                 most
                 favour'd
                 the
                 Democracy
                 ,
                 and
                 condemn'd
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 of
                 the
                 Oligarchy
                 ;
                 Some
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 to
                 Banishment
                 and
                 Confiscation
                 of
                 Goods
                 :
                 Amongst
                 whom
                 Phocton
                 was
                 one
                 who
                 had
                 the
                 Chief
                 Command
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Antipater
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 being
                 all
                 forc'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 fled
                 to
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Polysperchon
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 engage
                 his
                 help
                 for
                 their
                 Preservation
                 :
                 Alexander
                 kindly
                 receiv'd
                 them
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 writ
                 on
                 their
                 behalf
                 to
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 to
                 protect
                 Phocion
                 and
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 as
                 those
                 that
                 favour'd
                 his
                 Interest
                 ,
                 and
                 engag'd
                 readily
                 to
                 afford
                 their
                 assistance
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 Concerns
                 :
                 The
                 Athenians
                 likewise
                 sent
                 an
                 Embassy
                 to
                 Polysperchon
                 to
                 accuse
                 Phocion
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 sollicite
                 for
                 the
                 restitution
                 of
                 Munychia
                 ,
                 and
                 restoring
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 ancient
                 Laws
                 and
                 Liberties
                 .
                 Polysperchon
                 indeed
                 had
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 desire
                 to
                 retain
                 the
                 Pircum
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 Port
                 might
                 be
                 of
                 weighty
                 concern
                 and
                 importance
                 in
                 the
                 carrying
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 asham'd
                 to
                 act
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 Edict
                 divulg'd
                 by
                 himself
                 ;
                 and
                 fearing
                 lest
                 the
                 Grecians
                 should
                 desert
                 him
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 dealt
                 so
                 basely
                 with
                 that
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 Metropolis
                 ,
                 he
                 chang'd
                 his
                 Mind
                 :
                 Having
                 therefore
                 heard
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 he
                 courteously
                 dismist
                 those
                 from
                 the
                 Athenians
                 with
                 a
                 Gracious
                 Answer
                 ;
                 but
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 Phocion
                 and
                 all
                 his
                 Followers
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 
                 them
                 bound
                 to
                 Athens
                 ,
                 granting
                 Power
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 either
                 to
                 Pardon
                 them
                 ,
                 or
                 put
                 them
                 to
                 death
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 a
                 General
                 Assembly
                 being
                 call'd
                 in
                 Athens
                 ,
                 Judgment
                 of
                 Death
                 was
                 resolv'd
                 upon
                 Phocion
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 that
                 were
                 accus'd
                 :
                 This
                 was
                 carry'd
                 on
                 by
                 those
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 banish'd
                 under
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 that
                 favour'd
                 not
                 that
                 Government
                 ,
                 both
                 these
                 strongly
                 urg'd
                 to
                 have
                 them
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 sum
                 of
                 the
                 Accusation
                 was
                 this
                 ;
                 That
                 after
                 the
                 Lamian
                 War
                 they
                 endeavour'd
                 for
                 
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 to
                 Inslave
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 abolish
                 the
                 Democracy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Laws
                 :
                 Time
                 being
                 allotted
                 to
                 the
                 Accus'd
                 to
                 plead
                 their
                 Cause
                 ,
                 Phocion
                 began
                 to
                 speak
                 for
                 himself
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 People
                 tumultuously
                 cry'd
                 out
                 against
                 all
                 that
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 and
                 rejected
                 his
                 Defence
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Accus'd
                 knew
                 not
                 what
                 Course
                 to
                 take
                 :
                 When
                 the
                 Tumult
                 ceas'd
                 ,
                 Phocion
                 began
                 again
                 to
                 speak
                 ,
                 whereupon
                 the
                 whole
                 Multitude
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 shout
                 on
                 purpose
                 ,
                 that
                 what
                 he
                 said
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 heard
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 (
                 being
                 not
                 long
                 before
                 excluded
                 from
                 having
                 any
                 share
                 in
                 the
                 Administration
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 newly
                 restor'd
                 beyond
                 all
                 expectation
                 to
                 their
                 Right
                 )
                 bore
                 an
                 inveterate
                 Hatred
                 against
                 those
                 who
                 depriv'd
                 the
                 Citizens
                 of
                 their
                 Laws
                 and
                 Liberties
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 Phocion
                 was
                 thus
                 overborn
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 in
                 a
                 desperate
                 Condition
                 strugling
                 to
                 preserve
                 his
                 Life
                 ;
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 next
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 understood
                 the
                 Justice
                 and
                 Equity
                 of
                 his
                 Cause
                 ;
                 but
                 those
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 could
                 hear
                 nothing
                 for
                 the
                 Noise
                 and
                 Clamour
                 that
                 was
                 made
                 by
                 the
                 tumultuous
                 Rabble
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 discern'd
                 the
                 various
                 trembling
                 motions
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 inevitable
                 danger
                 that
                 seem'd
                 to
                 threaten
                 him
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 Phocion
                 in
                 despair
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Life
                 ,
                 cry'd
                 out
                 aloud
                 ,
                 desiring
                 them
                 to
                 condemn
                 him
                 to
                 Die
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 spare
                 the
                 rest
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 being
                 Fierce
                 and
                 Inexorable
                 ;
                 some
                 of
                 
                 Phocion's
                 Friends
                 stood
                 
                 up
                 to
                 make
                 his
                 Defence
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 People
                 were
                 quiet
                 for
                 a
                 while
                 ,
                 and
                 heard
                 what
                 they
                 said
                 at
                 first
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 proceeded
                 so
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 press
                 Arguments
                 for
                 the
                 clearing
                 of
                 his
                 Innocency
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 cast
                 out
                 with
                 tumultuous
                 and
                 contradicting
                 Clamours
                 :
                 At
                 length
                 being
                 all
                 condemn'd
                 by
                 the
                 unanimous
                 Voice
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 :
                 they
                 were
                 carry'd
                 away
                 to
                 the
                 Gaol
                 there
                 to
                 be
                 executed
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 follow'd
                 by
                 many
                 Honest
                 and
                 Sober
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 bewail'd
                 their
                 Condition
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 their
                 Misery
                 :
                 For
                 upon
                 serious
                 Consideration
                 of
                 the
                 inconstancy
                 of
                 every
                 Man's
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 it
                 affrighted
                 many
                 to
                 see
                 that
                 Magistrates
                 and
                 Persons
                 of
                 eminent
                 Quality
                 ,
                 and
                 Men
                 that
                 had
                 shew'd
                 many
                 acts
                 of
                 kindness
                 in
                 the
                 course
                 of
                 their
                 Lives
                 ,
                 should
                 neither
                 have
                 Liberty
                 to
                 plead
                 for
                 themselves
                 ,
                 nor
                 otherways
                 enjoy
                 the
                 Benefit
                 of
                 Law.
                 But
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Rabble
                 being
                 incens'd
                 against
                 Phocion
                 unmercifully
                 ,
                 even
                 rent
                 his
                 Heart
                 in
                 pieces
                 with
                 Scoffs
                 and
                 Scorns
                 ,
                 and
                 bitterly
                 upbraided
                 him
                 with
                 the
                 Misery
                 of
                 his
                 present
                 Condition
                 .
                 For
                 Hatred
                 smother'd
                 towards
                 Men
                 while
                 in
                 Prosperity
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 breaks
                 forth
                 with
                 Anger
                 against
                 them
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 their
                 Adversity
                 ,
                 becomes
                 altogether
                 Savage
                 and
                 Implacable
                 .
                 Being
                 therefore
                 all
                 put
                 to
                 
                 Death
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Custom
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 )
                 by
                 drinking
                 a
                 Potion
                 of
                 Hemlock
                 ,
                 all
                 their
                 Bodies
                 were
                 cast
                 forth
                 unburied
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Bounds
                 and
                 Limits
                 of
                 Attica
                 :
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 Phocion
                 ,
                 with
                 others
                 that
                 suffer'd
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Calamity
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 Cassander
                 having
                 got
                 Five
                 and
                 thirty
                 long
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 
                 Sail'd
                 into
                 the
                 Pireum
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 receiv'd
                 by
                 Nicanor
                 ,
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 Fort
                 ,
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Pireum
                 and
                 the
                 Harbour
                 :
                 But
                 
                   Munychia
                   Nicanor
                
                 kept
                 himself
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Force
                 sufficient
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Place
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 Polysperchon
                 and
                 the
                 Kings
                 lay
                 in
                 Phocis
                 ;
                 where
                 being
                 inform'd
                 of
                 
                 Cassander's
                 being
                 landed
                 at
                 the
                 
                   Pireum
                   ,
                   Polysperchon
                
                 marched
                 into
                 Attica
                 ,
                 and
                 Encamp'd
                 near
                 the
                 Pireum
                 :
                 He
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Macedonian
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 Sixty
                 five
                 Elephants
                 ;
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 therefore
                 to
                 besiege
                 Cassander
                 :
                 But
                 because
                 Provision
                 was
                 scant
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Siege
                 was
                 likely
                 to
                 be
                 long
                 and
                 tedious
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 leave
                 so
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 in
                 Attica
                 as
                 the
                 Country
                 was
                 able
                 to
                 maintain
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 marched
                 into
                 Peloponnesus
                 with
                 the
                 greater
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 to
                 reduce
                 the
                 Megalopolitans
                 to
                 the
                 Obedience
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 being
                 for
                 an
                 Oligarchy
                 sided
                 with
                 Cassander
                 .
                 While
                 Polysperchon
                 was
                 busied
                 in
                 these
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 Cassander
                 sail'd
                 with
                 his
                 Fleet
                 to
                 the
                 Aegeans
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 them
                 in
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Salaminians
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 disaffected
                 )
                 he
                 closely
                 besieg'd
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 well
                 furnish'd
                 both
                 with
                 Men
                 and
                 Arms
                 ,
                 he
                 assaulted
                 them
                 several
                 days
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 reduc'd
                 them
                 to
                 very
                 great
                 Extremities
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 near
                 being
                 taken
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 Polysperchon
                 sent
                 a
                 considerable
                 Force
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 to
                 attack
                 the
                 Besiegers
                 ;
                 at
                 whose
                 approach
                 Cassander
                 being
                 affrighted
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 sail'd
                 back
                 to
                 Pireum
                 .
                 Then
                 Polysperchon
                 pass'd
                 over
                 to
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 to
                 settle
                 Matters
                 there
                 for
                 the
                 Service
                 and
                 Advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 .
                 Coming
                 there
                 he
                 
                 call'd
                 a
                 Senate
                 ,
                 and
                 spoke
                 to
                 them
                 concerning
                 their
                 joining
                 with
                 him
                 as
                 Confederates
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ;
                 he
                 sent
                 likewise
                 Commissioners
                 to
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 created
                 Magistrates
                 in
                 the
                 Oligarchy
                 by
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 restore
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 their
                 ancient
                 Laws
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 obey'd
                 the
                 Order
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 while
                 Slaughters
                 and
                 Banishments
                 fill'd
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 they
                 that
                 favour'd
                 
                 Antipater's
                 Party
                 were
                 ruin'd
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Democratital
                 Governments
                 being
                 restor'd
                 to
                 their
                 ancient
                 Laws
                 ,
                 all
                 join'd
                 with
                 Polysperchon
                 :
                 The
                 Megalopolitans
                 
                 only
                 kept
                 close
                 to
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 therefore
                 he
                 determin'd
                 to
                 besiege
                 their
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 Megalopolitans
                 hearing
                 what
                 was
                 design'd
                 by
                 Polysperchon
                 ,
                 order'd
                 by
                 a
                 publick
                 Decree
                 tobring
                 
                 in
                 every
                 thing
                 into
                 the
                 Town
                 that
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 :
                 Then
                 taking
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 their
                 strength
                 they
                 found
                 that
                 in
                 ancient
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 Strangers
                 and
                 Servants
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 number
                 Fifteen
                 thousand
                 who
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 Arms
                 ;
                 They
                 forthwith
                 therefore
                 form'd
                 some
                 into
                 Regiments
                 ;
                 others
                 they
                 appointed
                 to
                 work
                 in
                 the
                 Fortifications
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 some
                 were
                 allotted
                 the
                 care
                 and
                 charge
                 of
                 Guarding
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 at
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 some
                 were
                 employ'd
                 in
                 drawing
                 a
                 deep
                 Trench
                 round
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 some
                 carrying
                 Earth
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 repairing
                 and
                 making
                 up
                 the
                 Breaches
                 in
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 others
                 hammering
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 were
                 busy
                 in
                 making
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 Artillery
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 Dangers
                 which
                 threatned
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 forwardness
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 put
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 in
                 action
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 wonderful
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 Elephants
                 that
                 attended
                 them
                 ,
                 was
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 in
                 every
                 place
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 all
                 things
                 were
                 ready
                 and
                 prepar'd
                 ,
                 when
                 Polysperchon
                 approach'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 Encamp'd
                 near
                 
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 dividing
                 his
                 Forces
                 into
                 two
                 Camps
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 another
                 of
                 Confederates
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 brings
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 wooden
                 Towers
                 of
                 that
                 height
                 as
                 to
                 overtop
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 Towers
                 Men
                 placed
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 these
                 he
                 drave
                 them
                 off
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 placed
                 upon
                 the
                 Rampiers
                 .
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Walls
                 being
                 Undermin'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Props
                 and
                 Supporters
                 set
                 on
                 fire
                 ,
                 three
                 of
                 the
                 largest
                 Towers
                 were
                 overwhelm'd
                 and
                 tumbled
                 down
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 ruin
                 of
                 the
                 like
                 number
                 of
                 Turrets
                 plac'd
                 between
                 them
                 .
                 This
                 great
                 and
                 sudden
                 Destruction
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 to
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 shout
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 strangeness
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 amaz'd
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 :
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 rush
                 through
                 the
                 Breach
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Megalopolitans
                 before
                 in
                 parties
                 ,
                 now
                 all
                 together
                 (
                 having
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Difficulty
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 occasion'd
                 by
                 the
                 Rubbish
                 )
                 made
                 up
                 to
                 one
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 bravely
                 bore
                 the
                 Brunt
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 attack
                 ,
                 and
                 beat
                 them
                 off
                 :
                 Then
                 they
                 cast
                 up
                 another
                 Work
                 of
                 Earth
                 to
                 guard
                 the
                 Breach
                 ;
                 and
                 working
                 Night
                 and
                 Day
                 without
                 any
                 intermission
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 another
                 Wall
                 between
                 them
                 and
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 which
                 was
                 presently
                 compleated
                 ;
                 for
                 being
                 they
                 were
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 was
                 necessary
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 many
                 Hands
                 at
                 work
                 ,
                 the
                 Megalopolitans
                 quickly
                 repair'd
                 the
                 damage
                 sustain'd
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 assaulted
                 them
                 from
                 their
                 Wooden
                 Towers
                 ,
                 they
                 ply'd
                 them
                 with
                 their
                 Engines
                 of
                 Artillery
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 Darts
                 and
                 Stones
                 out
                 of
                 Bows
                 and
                 Slings
                 ,
                 gall'd
                 and
                 wounded
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 After
                 many
                 were
                 kill'd
                 and
                 wounded
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 till
                 Night
                 approaching
                 ,
                 Polysperchon
                 sounded
                 a
                 Retreat
                 ,
                 and
                 drew
                 off
                 his
                 Men
                 into
                 the
                 Camp.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 he
                 remov'd
                 the
                 Rubbish
                 before
                 the
                 Breach
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 way
                 and
                 passage
                 for
                 the
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 thought
                 by
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 these
                 Creatures
                 to
                 break
                 through
                 into
                 
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Megalopolitans
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 and
                 conduct
                 of
                 Damides
                 (
                 who
                 in
                 the
                 Wars
                 under
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 experimentally
                 knew
                 the
                 Nature
                 and
                 Use
                 of
                 the
                 Elephants
                 )
                 altogether
                 baffl'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Reason
                 and
                 Industry
                 against
                 the
                 Beasts
                 Strength
                 and
                 Violence
                 ,
                 made
                 their
                 strong
                 Bodies
                 Useless
                 and
                 Unserviceable
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 a
                 
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Planks
                 he
                 drave
                 sharp
                 Spikes
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 strew'd
                 them
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 in
                 deep
                 Trenches
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Earth
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 Points
                 of
                 the
                 Spikes
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 seen
                 ,
                 and
                 thus
                 over
                 these
                 he
                 left
                 the
                 Passage
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 suffer'd
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 stand
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 ,
                 but
                 plac'd
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Darters
                 and
                 Archers
                 ,
                 and
                 Engines
                 of
                 Artillery
                 in
                 the
                 Flank
                 .
              
               
                 Polysperchon
                 therefore
                 having
                 clear'd
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 approaching
                 with
                 the
                 throng
                 of
                 his
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 an
                 unexpected
                 misfortune
                 befell
                 them
                 :
                 For
                 none
                 appearing
                 in
                 Front
                 to
                 oppose
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Indians
                 press'd
                 them
                 forward
                 to
                 make
                 their
                 way
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 the
                 great
                 weight
                 of
                 their
                 Bodies
                 press'd
                 down
                 upon
                 the
                 Spikes
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 their
                 Feet
                 being
                 wounded
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 pierc'd
                 through
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 founder'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 neither
                 able
                 to
                 go
                 forward
                 ,
                 or
                 return
                 back
                 :
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 showers
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 being
                 poured
                 upon
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 Flankers
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Indians
                 were
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 so
                 wounded
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 any
                 further
                 service
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Elephants
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 Darts
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 strange
                 and
                 unusual
                 Wounds
                 by
                 the
                 Spikes
                 )
                 were
                 so
                 cruelly
                 tormented
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 forc'd
                 back
                 
                 through
                 their
                 own
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 trode
                 down
                 many
                 under
                 foot
                 :
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 strongest
                 and
                 most
                 formidable
                 amongst
                 them
                 fell
                 down
                 ,
                 others
                 became
                 altogether
                 Unserviceable
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 kill'd
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 Upon
                 this
                 Success
                 the
                 Megalopolitans
                 were
                 greatly
                 encourag'd
                 ;
                 but
                 Polysperchon
                 wish'd
                 he
                 had
                 never
                 undertaken
                 the
                 Siege
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 he
                 could
                 stay
                 no
                 longer
                 there
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 to
                 carry
                 it
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 betook
                 himself
                 to
                 matters
                 of
                 more
                 necessary
                 consequence
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 sent
                 away
                 Clitus
                 the
                 Admiral
                 with
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 Commanding
                 him
                 to
                 
                 
                 lie
                 upon
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 to
                 stop
                 the
                 Passage
                 of
                 the
                 Forces
                 out
                 of
                 Asia
                 into
                 Europe
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 Arrhideus
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Ganians
                 ,
                 being
                 Enemy
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 .
                 After
                 he
                 had
                 pass'd
                 over
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 and
                 taken
                 in
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 Propontis
                 ,
                 he
                 strengthen'd
                 his
                 Army
                 with
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 
                   Arrhideus
                   .
                   Nicanor
                
                 the
                 Governor
                 of
                 Munychia
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 being
                 sent
                 away
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 by
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 sail'd
                 to
                 those
                 Parts
                 where
                 Clitus
                 lay
                 :
                 He
                 join'd
                 likewise
                 with
                 the
                 Navy
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 above
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Sail.
                 
              
               
                 Hereupon
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Fight
                 at
                 Sea
                 near
                 *
                 Byzantium
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Clitus
                 was
                 Conqueror
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 sunk
                 Seventeen
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 no
                 fewer
                 than
                 Forty
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Men.
                 The
                 rest
                 got
                 into
                 the
                 Haven
                 of
                 
                   Chalcedon
                   .
                   Clitus
                
                 being
                 thus
                 successful
                 ,
                 suppos'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 this
                 great
                 loss
                 durst
                 never
                 engage
                 more
                 at
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 But
                 Antigonus
                 having
                 intelligence
                 of
                 this
                 Defeat
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 Industry
                 and
                 admirable
                 Conduct
                 ,
                 presently
                 repair'd
                 it
                 :
                 For
                 having
                 sent
                 for
                 several
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 from
                 the
                 Byzantians
                 ,
                 on
                 these
                 he
                 put
                 on
                 board
                 Darters
                 ,
                 Slingers
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 light-arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 sufficient
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 design
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 transported
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ;
                 who
                 before
                 Day
                 setting
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 at
                 Land
                 (
                 who
                 had
                 left
                 their
                 Ships
                 and
                 were
                 there
                 Encamp'd
                 )
                 put
                 Clitus
                 and
                 his
                 Men
                 into
                 great
                 Terror
                 and
                 Confusion
                 ;
                 who
                 in
                 that
                 sudden
                 Fear
                 and
                 Amazement
                 leap'd
                 into
                 their
                 Vessels
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 through
                 the
                 cumber
                 of
                 their
                 Luggage
                 ,
                 and
                 multitude
                 of
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 the
                 Tumult
                 and
                 Disorder
                 exceeded
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Antigonus
                 had
                 fitted
                 out
                 some
                 *
                 Long
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 Mann'd
                 them
                 with
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 stoutest
                 Foot
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 bid
                 them
                 boldly
                 attack
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 sure
                 to
                 be
                 Conquerors
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 they
                 came
                 up
                 with
                 Nicanor
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 about
                 
                 break
                 of
                 Day
                 fell
                 in
                 suddenly
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 still
                 in
                 confusion
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 upon
                 the
                 very
                 first
                 Charge
                 put
                 them
                 to
                 flight
                 ;
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Ships
                 they
                 broke
                 in
                 pieces
                 with
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 brush'd
                 off
                 the
                 Oars
                 of
                 divers
                 ;
                 some
                 they
                 gain'd
                 without
                 fighting
                 ;
                 being
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 Men
                 themselves
                 that
                 were
                 on
                 board
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 (
                 except
                 the
                 Admiral
                 's
                 Ship
                 )
                 fell
                 into
                 their
                 Hands
                 .
                 Clitus
                 forsook
                 his
                 Ship
                 and
                 got
                 ashore
                 ,
                 and
                 design'd
                 to
                 have
                 preserv'd
                 himself
                 by
                 getting
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ;
                 but
                 in
                 his
                 way
                 falling
                 amongst
                 some
                 of
                 Lysimachus
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 slain
                 .
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 Reputation
                 for
                 Skill
                 and
                 Prudence
                 in
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 was
                 much
                 advanc'd
                 by
                 this
                 remarkable
                 Victory
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 he
                 was
                 very
                 earnest
                 and
                 intent
                 
                 to
                 be
                 Master
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 doubt
                 of
                 the
                 matter
                 )
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 Asia
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 he
                 pick'd
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 the
                 briskest
                 and
                 most
                 active
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 towards
                 Cilicia
                 to
                 break
                 Eumenes
                 before
                 he
                 grew
                 too
                 strong
                 .
                 But
                 Eumenes
                 understanding
                 the
                 hot
                 Temper
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 march'd
                 away
                 into
                 Phaenicia
                 to
                 regain
                 it
                 for
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 then
                 unjustly
                 detain'd
                 from
                 them
                 by
                 Ptolemy
                 :
                 But
                 not
                 having
                 an
                 opportunity
                 to
                 do
                 what
                 he
                 design'd
                 ,
                 he
                 remov'd
                 out
                 of
                 Phaenicia
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 through
                 Caelo-Syria
                 ,
                 to
                 get
                 into
                 the
                 higher
                 Provinces
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 lost
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 at
                 the
                 River
                 Tigris
                 ,
                 by
                 an
                 attack
                 upon
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 by
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 like
                 manner
                 he
                 
                 was
                 fallen
                 upon
                 in
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 by
                 Seleucus
                 ,
                 near
                 the
                 River
                 Euphrates
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 in
                 great
                 danger
                 to
                 have
                 lost
                 all
                 his
                 Army
                 ;
                 where
                 by
                 the
                 Breach
                 of
                 a
                 Dyke
                 his
                 whole
                 Camp
                 was
                 very
                 near
                 being
                 over-flow'd
                 and
                 drown'd
                 .
                 But
                 setting
                 his
                 Wits
                 at
                 work
                 he
                 fled
                 to
                 a
                 high
                 Bank
                 of
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 diverting
                 the
                 Water
                 another
                 way
                 ,
                 preserv'd
                 both
                 himself
                 and
                 his
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 so
                 beyond
                 his
                 expectation
                 he
                 escap'd
                 Seleucus
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 into
                 Persia
                 with
                 Fifteen
                 
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 *
                 Thirteen
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 .
                 Having
                 refresh'd
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 after
                 all
                 their
                 Toils
                 and
                 Labours
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Governors
                 and
                 Captains
                 of
                 the
                 higher
                 Provinces
                 to
                 furnish
                 him
                 with
                 more
                 Men
                 and
                 Money
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 State
                 were
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Asia
                 this
                 Year
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 as
                 for
                 Europe
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Losses
                 and
                 Misfortunes
                 of
                 Polysperchon
                 at
                 Megalopolis
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 revolted
                 from
                 the
                 Kings
                 to
                 Cassander
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 the
                 Athenians
                 
                 could
                 not
                 get
                 rid
                 of
                 the
                 Garison
                 either
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 Polysperchon
                 or
                 Olympias
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 eminent
                 Citizens
                 made
                 bold
                 to
                 say
                 in
                 the
                 publick
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 for
                 the
                 Interest
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 close
                 with
                 Cassander
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 first
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 Hurly-burly
                 ,
                 some
                 being
                 for
                 and
                 others
                 against
                 what
                 was
                 said
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 advantage
                 being
                 more
                 calmly
                 debated
                 and
                 consider'd
                 ,
                 by
                 common
                 consent
                 it
                 was
                 at
                 length
                 decreed
                 ,
                 That
                 Peace
                 should
                 
                 be
                 made
                 with
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 upon
                 such
                 Conditions
                 as
                 could
                 be
                 obtain'd
                 by
                 their
                 Ambassadors
                 .
                 In
                 pursuance
                 whereof
                 ,
                 (
                 after
                 some
                 Meetings
                 )
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 Terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 agreed
                 upon
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Athenians
                 should
                 quietly
                 enjoy
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 the
                 Territory
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Profits
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Shipping
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 should
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 be
                 
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 Confederates
                 with
                 Cassander
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 Cassander
                 should
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 hold
                 Munichia
                 till
                 the
                 War
                 was
                 ended
                 with
                 the
                 Kings
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 should
                 pay
                 a
                 Tribute
                 of
                 Ten
                 Minas
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 an
                 Athenian
                 should
                 be
                 constituted
                 Protector
                 and
                 Guardian
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 whom-ever
                 Cassander
                 pleas'd
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 Demetrius
                 the
                 Phalerian
                 was
                 chosen
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 invested
                 with
                 the
                 Office
                 ,
                 kept
                 the
                 City
                 in
                 perfect
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 himself
                 very
                 obligingly
                 towards
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 Nicanor
                 brought
                 his
                 Fleet
                 into
                 the
                 Pireum
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 Ships
                 gain'd
                 in
                 the
                 late
                 Victory
                 :
                 Upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 which
                 success
                 he
                 was
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 highly
                 
                 honour'd
                 by
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 but
                 afterwards
                 perceiving
                 that
                 he
                 grew
                 Proud
                 and
                 Haughty
                 ,
                 and
                 still
                 detain'd
                 the
                 Fort
                 of
                 Munichia
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 jealousie
                 of
                 him
                 that
                 he
                 intended
                 to
                 revolt
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 laid
                 a
                 Trap
                 for
                 him
                 and
                 cut
                 him
                 off
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 march'd
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 where
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 revolted
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 many
                 likewise
                 of
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 were
                 inclin'd
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 *
                 Cassander
                 .
                 For
                 Polysperchon
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 slothful
                 and
                 careless
                 in
                 managing
                 the
                 Affairs
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 and
                 the
                 Allies
                 .
                 Cassander
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 behaved
                 himself
                 with
                 great
                 Candor
                 towards
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 approv'd
                 himself
                 industrious
                 in
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 Publick
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 gain'd
                 many
                 who
                 countenanc'd
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 seeking
                 to
                 obtain
                 the
                 Supream
                 Authority
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 now
                 because
                 Agathocles
                 the
                 Year
                 next
                 following
                 became
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 design'd
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 ,
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 this
                 Book
                 ,
                 and
                 begin
                 the
                 next
                 with
                 Agathocles
                 his
                 advance
                 to
                 the
                 Throne
                 ,
                 and
                 go
                 on
                 with
                 the
                 Affairs
                 proper
                 and
                 pertinent
                 to
                 our
                 History
                 .
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               BOOK
               XIX
               .
            
             
               
                 IT
                 's
                 an
                 old
                 Saying
                 ,
                 (
                 brought
                 down
                 to
                 us
                 by
                 Tradition
                 )
              
               That
               none
               overturn
               Democracies
               ,
               
               but
               Men
               that
               overtop
               others
               in
               Power
               and
               Interest
               .
               
                 For
                 which
                 reason
                 some
                 Cities
                 are
                 always
                 jealous
                 of
                 such
                 of
                 their
                 Fellow
                 Citizens
                 as
                 grow
                 Great
                 and
                 Powerful
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 do
                 what
                 they
                 can
                 to
                 depress
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 Men
                 are
                 in
                 Power
                 ,
                 the
                 next
                 Step
                 is
                 to
                 domineer
                 over
                 their
                 Country
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 Greatness
                 of
                 their
                 Interest
                 above
                 others
                 )
                 have
                 Grounds
                 to
                 expect
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Authority
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 difficult
                 to
                 be
                 free
                 from
                 an
                 Itch
                 of
                 Monarchy
                 .
                 For
                 't
                 is
                 very
                 natural
                 for
                 them
                 that
                 are
                 ambitious
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 have
                 much
                 ,
                 to
                 thirst
                 after
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 never
                 set
                 Bounds
                 to
                 their
                 insatiable
                 Ambition
                 .
              
            
             
               The
               Athenians
               
                 therefore
                 ,
                 upon
                 this
                 very
                 account
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 Law
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 call'd
              
               Ostracism
               ,
               
                 for
                 the
                 banishing
                 such
                 as
                 grew
                 Great
                 amongst
                 them
                 ;
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 to
                 punish
                 them
                 for
                 any
                 Fault
                 they
                 had
                 committed
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 Mischief
                 and
                 Prejudice
                 to
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 which
                 by
                 their
                 Power
                 and
                 Interest
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 Capacity
                 to
                 bring
                 upon
                 them
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 remembred
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 an
                 Oracle
                 )
                 what
              
               Solon
               
                 had
                 formerly
                 said
                 ,
                 who
                 foretelling
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 of
              
               Pisistratus
               ,
               
                 compos'd
                 this
                 Elegiack
              
               :
            
             
               
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
              
               
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
              
            
             
               
                 A
                 City
                 by
                 Great
                 Persons
                 is
                 o'erthrown
                 ;
              
               
                 And
                 Fools
                 beneath
                 a
                 Monarchy
                 do
                 groan
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Of
                 all
                 other
                 Places
              
               ,
               Sicily
               
                 was
                 most
                 infected
                 with
                 this
                 Itch
                 of
              
               Monarchy
               ,
               
                 before
                 the
              
               Romans
               
                 reduc'd
                 it
                 into
                 the
                 Form
                 of
                 a
                 Province
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 deceiv'd
                 by
                 the
                 Flatteries
                 of
                 the
              
               Orators
               ,
               
                 advanc'd
                 inconsiderable
                 Men
                 to
                 that
                 height
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 became
                 absolute
                 Lords
                 over
                 the
                 deluded
                 Multitude
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 But
                 the
                 Advancement
                 of
              
               Agathocles
               
                 to
                 be
                 Prince
                 of
              
               Syracuse
               ,
               
                 is
                 above
                 all
                 others
              
               
               
                 the
                 most
                 singular
                 and
                 remarkable
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 began
                 at
                 first
                 in
                 very
                 mean
                 and
                 unlikely
                 Circumstances
                 ;
                 but
                 at
                 last
                 he
                 involv'd
                 not
                 only
              
               Syracuse
               ,
               
                 but
                 all
              
               Sicily
               and
               Lybia
               
                 it self
                 in
                 Blood
                 and
                 Slaughter
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 so
                 mean
                 and
                 low
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 in
                 his
                 Original
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 follow'd
                 the
                 Trade
                 of
                 a
                 Potter
                 ;
                 from
                 whence
                 he
                 rose
                 to
                 that
                 height
                 of
                 Power
                 and
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 Lorded
                 over
                 the
                 greatest
                 and
                 richest
              
               Island
               
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 gain'd
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
              
               Africa
               ,
               
                 and
                 some
                 Parts
                 of
              
               Italy
               ,
               
                 and
                 fill'd
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
              
               Sicily
               
                 with
                 Butcheries
                 and
                 Oppressions
                 .
                 None
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 that
                 ever
                 were
                 before
                 him
                 committed
                 the
                 like
                 Villany
                 ,
                 or
                 exercis'd
                 such
                 barbarous
                 Cruelty
                 upon
                 their
                 Subjects
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 for
                 his
                 own
                 Kindred
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 Root
                 and
                 Branch
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 plagu'd
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 sometimes
                 butcher'd
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 at
                 Men
                 and
                 Women's
                 estate
                 ;
                 and
                 would
                 would
                 cut
                 the
                 Throats
                 of
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 poor
                 Innocents
                 for
                 the
                 Faults
                 of
                 a
                 few
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 difference
                 or
                 distinction
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 presently
                 would
                 murder
                 whole
                 Cities
                 ,
                 Men
                 ,
                 Women
                 ,
                 and
                 Children
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 But
                 because
                 this
                 Book
                 ,
                 with
                 others
                 that
                 follow
                 ,
                 comprehend
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 of
              
               Agathocles
               ,
               
                 omitting
                 any
                 further
                 Preface
                 relating
                 thereunto
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 connex
                 things
                 coherent
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 before
                 related
                 ,
                 first
                 allotting
                 to
                 everything
                 we
                 treat
                 of
                 its
                 due
                 and
                 proper
                 time
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 In
                 the
                 preceding
                 Eighteen
                 Books
                 ,
                 we
                 have
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 set
                 forth
                 whatever
                 was
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 known
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 Time
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Year
                 next
                 before
                 the
              
               
               
                 Reign
                 of
              
               Agathocles
               ,
               
                 to
                 which
                 time
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 Taking
                 of
              
               Troy
               ,
               
                 are
                 computed
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 sixty
                 six
                 Years
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 In
                 this
                 Book
                 ,
                 beginning
                 with
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 his
                 Reign
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 end
                 with
                 the
                 Battel
              
               
               
                 fought
                 by
              
               Agathocles
               
                 with
                 the
              
               Carthaginians
               ,
               
                 containing
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 Affairs
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Seven
                 Years
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Agathocles
                   his
                   Parentage
                   and
                   Education
                   :
                   His
                   Rise
                   :
                   His
                   Stratagems
                   :
                   His
                   bloody
                   Massacre
                   at
                   Syracuse
                   .
                   He
                   gains
                   the
                   Sovereign
                   Power
                   .
                   The
                   Affairs
                   of
                   
                     Italy
                     .
                     Olympias
                  
                   returns
                   into
                   Macedonia
                   by
                   
                   Polysperchon's
                   means
                   .
                   The
                   Armies
                   revolt
                   to
                   her
                   .
                   Her
                   Cruelties
                   .
                   She
                   murders
                   Euridice
                   ,
                   and
                   Arrideus
                   her
                   Husband
                   .
                   Affairs
                   in
                   
                     Asia
                     .
                     Eumenes
                  
                   and
                   
                     Seleucus
                     .
                     Eumenes
                  
                   join'd
                   by
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   Captains
                   .
                   The
                   number
                   of
                   their
                   Forces
                   .
                   He
                   comes
                   to
                   
                     Susa
                     .
                     Attalus
                  
                   and
                   others
                   imprison'd
                   by
                   Antigonus
                   in
                   a
                   strong
                   Castle
                   ,
                   seeking
                   to
                   escape
                   ,
                   are
                   afterwards
                   besieg'd
                   ,
                   and
                   taken
                   .
                
              
               
                 IN
                 the
                 Rule
                 of
                 Demogenes
                 Chief
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 
                   Lucius
                   Plotius
                
                 and
                 
                 
                   Manius
                   Fulvius
                
                 were
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 Agathocles
                 became
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 .
                 That
                 things
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 severally
                 done
                 may
                 be
                 more
                 clearly
                 and
                 distinctly
                 understood
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 premise
                 a
                 few
                 things
                 concerning
                 the
                 foremention'd
                 Prince
                 .
              
               
                 Carsinus
                 of
                 Rhegium
                 being
                 banish'd
                 from
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 dwelt
                 at
                 Thermis
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 which
                 City
                 was
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 :
                 This
                 Man
                 married
                 a
                 Woman
                 of
                 that
                 Place
                 ,
                 who
                 when
                 she
                 was
                 big
                 with
                 Child
                 ,
                 us'd
                 often
                 to
                 be
                 troubled
                 with
                 strange
                 Dreams
                 .
                 
                 Being
                 therefore
                 much
                 perpiex'd
                 in
                 his
                 Mind
                 concerning
                 this
                 Embrio
                 ,
                 he
                 intrusted
                 this
                 Affair
                 with
                 some
                 devout
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 then
                 going
                 to
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 and
                 desir'd
                 them
                 to
                 enquire
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 concerning
                 this
                 Child
                 ;
                 who
                 faithfully
                 performing
                 what
                 they
                 were
                 enjoyn'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Oracle
                 gave
                 this
                 Answer
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   that
                   Child
                   would
                   bring
                   dreadful
                   Calamities
                   upon
                   the
                
                 Carthaginians
                 
                   and
                   all
                
                 Sicily
                 .
                 The
                 Father
                 being
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 this
                 Prediction
                 ,
                 expos'd
                 the
                 Child
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Fields
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 it
                 with
                 some
                 to
                 watch
                 to
                 observe
                 its
                 end
                 .
                 After
                 several
                 days
                 it
                 still
                 continu'd
                 alive
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Guard
                 upon
                 it
                 growing
                 remiss
                 and
                 careless
                 ,
                 the
                 Mother
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 stole
                 the
                 Child
                 away
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 but
                 durst
                 
                 not
                 bring
                 it
                 back
                 to
                 her
                 own
                 House
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 her
                 Husband
                 ;
                 but
                 intrusted
                 it
                 with
                 her
                 Brother
                 Heraclides
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 it
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 her
                 own
                 Father
                 .
              
               
                 Where
                 being
                 brought
                 up
                 ,
                 he
                 grew
                 very
                 Beautiful
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 Strength
                 of
                 Body
                 above
                 what
                 was
                 usual
                 at
                 his
                 Age.
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 seven
                 years
                 old
                 ,
                 Carsinus
                 was
                 invited
                 
                 by
                 Heraclides
                 to
                 *
                 Sacrifice
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 seeing
                 Agathocles
                 playing
                 with
                 other
                 Children
                 about
                 the
                 same
                 Age
                 ,
                 he
                 greatly
                 admir'd
                 both
                 his
                 Strength
                 and
                 Beauty
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 his
                 Wife
                 told
                 him
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Child
                 which
                 he
                 so
                 expos'd
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 brought
                 up
                 ,
                 would
                 have
                 prov'd
                 as
                 Manly
                 a
                 Child
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 then
                 saw
                 ;
                 he
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 sorry
                 for
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 fell
                 a
                 weeping
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Woman
                 perceiving
                 that
                 what
                 she
                 had
                 done
                 would
                 be
                 very
                 pleasing
                 and
                 agreeable
                 to
                 her
                 Husband
                 ,
                 she
                 discover'd
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 Truth
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 matter
                 ;
                 whereat
                 he
                 was
                 mightily
                 pleas'd
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 away
                 his
                 Son
                 ;
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 remov'd
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Family
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 :
                 but
                 being
                 but
                 a
                 poor
                 Man
                 ,
                 he
                 taught
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 then
                 a
                 Child
                 ,
                 the
                 Potter's
                 Trade
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 Timaleon
                 the
                 Corinthian
                 having
                 routed
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 at
                 the
                 River
                 Cremissus
                 ,
                 made
                 all
                 free
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 that
                 would
                 come
                 in
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 Carsinus
                 (
                 with
                 Agathocles
                 )
                 were
                 inroll'd
                 as
                 Citizens
                 ;
                 and
                 Carsinus
                 died
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 after
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Mother
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 had
                 in
                 a
                 certain
                 place
                 set
                 up
                 her
                 Son's
                 Statue
                 in
                 Stone
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 a
                 Swarm
                 of
                 Bees
                 fastned
                 ,
                 and
                 began
                 to
                 make
                 their
                 Wax-Combs
                 upon
                 the
                 Hips
                 of
                 the
                 Statue
                 ;
                 which
                 remarkable
                 Passage
                 being
                 related
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 apply
                 themselves
                 to
                 Studies
                 of
                 that
                 kind
                 ,
                 all
                 unanimously
                 agreed
                 ,
                 That
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Man
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 
                 be
                 famous
                 ;
                 which
                 happen'd
                 accordingly
                 :
                 For
                 Demas
                 ,
                 a
                 Nobleman
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 falling
                 
                 in
                 love
                 with
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 first
                 supply'd
                 him
                 liberally
                 with
                 every
                 thing
                 he
                 had
                 occasion
                 for
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 began
                 in
                 some
                 measure
                 to
                 taste
                 of
                 Plenty
                 ;
                 afterwards
                 being
                 created
                 †
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Agragentines
                 ,
                 he
                 advanc'd
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 *
                 Colonel
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 of
                 one
                 that
                 was
                 then
                 lately
                 dead
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 indeed
                 very
                 remarkable
                 and
                 of
                 great
                 Esteem
                 before
                 he
                 was
                 an
                 Officer
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 Training
                 and
                 Military
                 Exercise
                 ,
                 he
                 bore
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 weight
                 of
                 Armour
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 such
                 mighty
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 other
                 Man
                 was
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 .
                 But
                 now
                 since
                 he
                 was
                 made
                 a
                 Military
                 Tribune
                 ,
                 his
                 Fame
                 spread
                 abroad
                 much
                 more
                 than
                 it
                 did
                 before
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 eager
                 to
                 fight
                 ,
                 daring
                 in
                 Action
                 ,
                 and
                 bold
                 ,
                 nay
                 ,
                 impudent
                 in
                 his
                 Harangues
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 .
                 Demas
                 afterwards
                 fell
                 sick
                 ,
                 and
                 died
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 left
                 all
                 his
                 Estate
                 to
                 his
                 Wife
                 ,
                 Agathocles
                 marry'd
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 so
                 was
                 esteem'd
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 richest
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 .
              
               
               
                 Afterwards
                 the
                 Crotonians
                 being
                 besieg'd
                 by
                 the
                 Brutians
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 sent
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 to
                 their
                 relief
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Antander
                 ,
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 and
                 others
                 :
                 
                 But
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 and
                 chief
                 Management
                 of
                 the
                 Affair
                 was
                 committed
                 to
                 Heraclides
                 and
                 Sosistratus
                 ,
                 Men
                 that
                 employ'd
                 themselves
                 all
                 their
                 Lives
                 long
                 in
                 Assassinations
                 ,
                 Murders
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 kinds
                 of
                 Wickedness
                 and
                 Debauchery
                 .
                 Which
                 the
                 *
                 Book
                 
                 next
                 preceding
                 this
                 hath
                 particularly
                 set
                 forth
                 .
                 With
                 those
                 in
                 this
                 Expedition
                 (
                 by
                 a
                 Decree
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 )
                 was
                 join'd
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 a
                 Colonel
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 remarkably
                 approv'd
                 his
                 Valour
                 against
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 envy'd
                 by
                 Sosistratus
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 altogether
                 disregarded
                 him
                 ,
                 not
                 allowing
                 him
                 the
                 Honour
                 due
                 to
                 his
                 Deme
                 rits
                 :
                 At
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 exasperated
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 accus'd
                 Sosistratus
                 and
                 his
                 Followers
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 as
                 having
                 designs
                 to
                 advance
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 Monarchy
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 giving
                 no
                 regard
                 to
                 those
                 Accusations
                 ,
                 Sosistratus
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 return
                 from
                 Crotona
                 ,
                 became
                 Supream
                 and
                 Absolute
                 Lord
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 Agathocles
                 being
                 incens'd
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 first
                 (
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 sided
                 with
                 him
                 )
                 remain'd
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 possess
                 himself
                 of
                 Crotona
                 ,
                 but
                 failing
                 in
                 his
                 design
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 few
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 escap'd
                 to
                 Tarentum
                 ;
                 by
                 whom
                 he
                 was
                 entertain'd
                 and
                 taken
                 into
                 Pay
                 ;
                 but
                 committing
                 many
                 rash
                 and
                 inconsiderate
                 Acts
                 ,
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 be
                 suspected
                 of
                 some
                 intended
                 Innovation
                 ;
                 and
                 thereupon
                 his
                 Commission
                 was
                 taken
                 from
                 him
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 got
                 together
                 the
                 Exiles
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 reliev'd
                 them
                 of
                 Rhegium
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 then
                 besieg'd
                 by
                 Heraclides
                 and
                 Sosistratus
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Monarchy
                 was
                 abrogated
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 Sosistratus
                 was
                 expell'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 into
                 his
                 Country
                 .
                 And
                 
                 in
                 regard
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 who
                 were
                 for
                 an
                 Oligarchy
                 (
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Six
                 hundred
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 )
                 were
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 thrust
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 a
                 War
                 broke
                 out
                 between
                 the
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 for
                 a
                 Democracy
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 sided
                 with
                 Sosistratus
                 and
                 his
                 Exiles
                 :
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 daily
                 Skirmishes
                 and
                 Drawing-up
                 of
                 Armies
                 one
                 against
                 another
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 Agathocles
                 
                 acting
                 sometimes
                 as
                 a
                 Private
                 Soldier
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 others
                 as
                 a
                 Commander
                 ,
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Reputation
                 both
                 of
                 Valour
                 and
                 Policy
                 ;
                 for
                 always
                 upon
                 every
                 opportunity
                 ,
                 he
                 invented
                 some
                 stratagem
                 or
                 other
                 which
                 prov'd
                 advantageous
                 to
                 his
                 Party
                 ;
                 amongst
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 one
                 thing
                 especially
                 to
                 be
                 remember'd
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 had
                 Encamp'd
                 near
                 to
                 Gela
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 he
                 broke
                 into
                 the
                 *
                 City
                 with
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 at
                 Arms
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 presently
                 met
                 by
                 Sosistratus
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 and
                 well-order'd
                 Party
                 ,
                 who
                 forc'd
                 them
                 that
                 had
                 entred
                 ,
                 back
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 Three
                 hundred
                 of
                 them
                 :
                 The
                 rest
                 looking
                 upon
                 themselves
                 all
                 as
                 lost
                 ,
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 get
                 out
                 at
                 a
                 Sally-port
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 beyond
                 all
                 Hope
                 and
                 Expectation
                 ,
                 freed
                 from
                 their
                 present
                 imminent
                 danger
                 by
                 Agathocles
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 fought
                 with
                 great
                 Valour
                 and
                 Resolution
                 at
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 seven
                 Wounds
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 even
                 ready
                 to
                 faint
                 (
                 through
                 loss
                 of
                 Blood
                 )
                 and
                 the
                 Enemy
                 bearing
                 down
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 commanded
                 the
                 Trumpeters
                 to
                 sound
                 a
                 Charge
                 at
                 both
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 presently
                 done
                 ,
                 those
                 who
                 came
                 to
                 force
                 out
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 entred
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 discern
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 Darkness
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 believing
                 that
                 another
                 
                 Party
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 had
                 broken
                 in
                 at
                 both
                 Places
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 an
                 Halt
                 and
                 pursu'd
                 no
                 further
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 being
                 divided
                 into
                 two
                 Parts
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Sound
                 of
                 the
                 Trumpets
                 ,
                 they
                 forthwith
                 ran
                 together
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Walls
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Agathocles
                 with
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 having
                 thus
                 made
                 room
                 for
                 themselves
                 ,
                 got
                 safe
                 to
                 the
                 Trenches
                 ;
                 and
                 thus
                 having
                 deluded
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 wonderfully
                 preserv'd
                 his
                 own
                 Men
                 that
                 first
                 entred
                 ,
                 but
                 seven
                 hundred
                 more
                 that
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 his
                 assistance
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 Acestorides
                 the
                 Corinthian
                 being
                 created
                 General
                 at
                 
                   Syracuse
                   ;
                   Agathocles
                
                 was
                 thought
                 to
                 aspire
                 to
                 the
                 Monarchy
                 for
                 his
                 good
                 Service
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 avoided
                 the
                 Danger
                 that
                 hung
                 over
                 his
                 Head
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 :
                 For
                 Acestorides
                 (
                 not
                 willing
                 to
                 cut
                 him
                 off
                 
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 a
                 Tumult
                 )
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 depart
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 ordered
                 some
                 to
                 kill
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 making
                 away
                 .
                 But
                 Agathocles
                 conceiving
                 what
                 the
                 General
                 was
                 plotting
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 pick'd
                 out
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 that
                 was
                 very
                 like
                 himself
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 Stature
                 and
                 Feature
                 ;
                 and
                 delivered
                 to
                 him
                 his
                 Horse
                 ,
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 Garments
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 subtilly
                 deceiv'd
                 them
                 who
                 were
                 sent
                 out
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Murderers
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 himself
                 slink'd
                 away
                 in
                 By-paths
                 in
                 a
                 poor
                 ragged
                 Coat
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 by
                 the
                 Arms
                 and
                 other
                 signs
                 ,
                 conjecturing
                 that
                 the
                 other
                 was
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 Darkness
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 not
                 permitting
                 a
                 
                 perfect
                 Discovery
                 )
                 perpetrated
                 indeed
                 the
                 Murder
                 ,
                 but
                 miss'd
                 the
                 Person
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 having
                 re-admitted
                 the
                 Exiles
                 that
                 were
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 Sosistratus
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Carthaginians
                   ;
                   Agathocles
                
                 himself
                 now
                 an
                 Exile
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 in
                 the
                 Heart
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 Citizens
                 but
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 were
                 much
                 affrighted
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 was
                 courted
                 
                 to
                 return
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 ,
                 being
                 conducted
                 into
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Ceres
                 by
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 he
                 there
                 swore
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 do
                 nothing
                 to
                 the
                 Prejudice
                 of
                 the
                 Democracy
                 .
              
               
                 Putting
                 on
                 therefore
                 a
                 Cloak
                 of
                 Dissimulation
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 protect
                 the
                 Democracy
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 caught
                 the
                 People
                 by
                 divers
                 Tricks
                 and
                 Devices
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 made
                 General
                 and
                 Conservator
                 of
                 the
                 Peace
                 ,
                 till
                 all
                 Matters
                 should
                 be
                 appeas'd
                 amongst
                 the
                 Exiles
                 that
                 were
                 return'd
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 For
                 every
                 Company
                 and
                 Fraternity
                 were
                 divided
                 into
                 many
                 Factions
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 great
                 Heart-burnings
                 there
                 were
                 between
                 private
                 and
                 particular
                 Persons
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Senate
                 of
                 Six
                 hundred
                 that
                 was
                 appointed
                 to
                 govern
                 the
                 City
                 after
                 an
                 Oligarchy
                 ,
                 was
                 most
                 fierce
                 against
                 
                 Agathocles's
                 Party
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Members
                 of
                 this
                 Assembly
                 were
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 the
                 Richest
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Quality
                 among
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 
              
               
                 However
                 ,
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 who
                 now
                 affected
                 the
                 Sovereignity
                 ,
                 gain'd
                 many
                 opportunities
                 for
                 the
                 accomplishing
                 of
                 his
                 Designs
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 only
                 a
                 Command
                 of
                 an
                 Army
                 as
                 General
                 ,
                 but
                 News
                 being
                 brought
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 an
                 Insurrection
                 in
                 the
                 Bowels
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 at
                 Erbita
                 ,
                 he
                 gain'd
                 a
                 further
                 opportunity
                 to
                 increase
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 raise
                 what
                 Men
                 he
                 pleased
                 without
                 suspicion
                 .
                 Under
                 colour
                 therefore
                 of
                 his
                 Expedition
                 to
                 Erbita
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 Men
                 out
                 of
                 Morgantina
                 and
                 other
                 Cities
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Heart
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 formerly
                 serv'd
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Wars
                 against
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ;
                 for
                 all
                 these
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 respect
                 for
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 many
                 instances
                 of
                 his
                 kindness
                 towards
                 them
                 ,
                 throughout
                 the
                 whole
                 War.
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 they
                 hated
                 the
                 Six
                 hundred
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Oligarchy
                 in
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 less
                 abhorr'd
                 the
                 People
                 who
                 forced
                 them
                 into
                 Obedience
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 Three
                 thousand
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 thus
                 very
                 ready
                 with
                 Heart
                 and
                 Hand
                 to
                 overturn
                 the
                 Democracy
                 :
                 To
                 these
                 he
                 join'd
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 Poverty
                 envy'd
                 the
                 Power
                 and
                 Pomp
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Ones
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 every
                 thing
                 was
                 ready
                 ,
                 he
                 order'd
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 meet
                 him
                 at
                 spring
                 of
                 Day
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 at
                 *
                 Timoleontium
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 sent
                 for
                 Pisarchus
                 and
                 Decles
                 ,
                 
                 (
                 who
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 most
                 leading
                 Men
                 among
                 the
                 Six
                 hundred
                 )
                 pretending
                 to
                 discourse
                 with
                 them
                 concerning
                 some
                 Matters
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 :
                 When
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 accompany'd
                 with
                 forty
                 of
                 their
                 Friends
                 ,
                 he
                 pretended
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 betray'd
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 seiz'd
                 them
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 accus'd
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 declaring
                 ,
                 that
                 for
                 his
                 love
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 likely
                 to
                 be
                 hurried
                 away
                 to
                 destruction
                 by
                 the
                 Six
                 
                 hundred
                 ,
                 and
                 sadly
                 bewail'd
                 his
                 Miserable
                 State
                 and
                 Condition
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 all
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 so
                 enrag'd
                 that
                 they
                 cry'd
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 Revenge
                 should
                 be
                 presently
                 taken
                 without
                 any
                 further
                 delay
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Authors
                 of
                 such
                 Injustice
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 he
                 commanded
                 the
                 Trumpets
                 to
                 sound
                 a
                 Charge
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 kill
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 the
                 Ring-leaders
                 of
                 the
                 Mischief
                 ,
                 and
                 spoil
                 and
                 plunder
                 the
                 Six
                 hundred
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 sided
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 of
                 all
                 their
                 Goods
                 and
                 Estates
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 all
                 being
                 now
                 eagerly
                 set
                 upon
                 Ravage
                 
                 and
                 Spoil
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 was
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Horror
                 and
                 Confusion
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 Innocent
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 not
                 dreaming
                 of
                 any
                 Massacre
                 design'd
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 ran
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Houses
                 into
                 the
                 Streets
                 ,
                 to
                 see
                 what
                 the
                 Ground
                 was
                 of
                 the
                 Uproar
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 ,
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 partly
                 through
                 their
                 Covetousness
                 to
                 enrich
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 through
                 Madness
                 and
                 Rage
                 ,
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Naked
                 People
                 that
                 (
                 through
                 Ignorance
                 )
                 had
                 no
                 Arms
                 
                 to
                 defend
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Sword.
                 For
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 having
                 secur'd
                 all
                 the
                 Narrow
                 Lanes
                 and
                 Passes
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 the
                 Citizens
                 were
                 inhumanly
                 Murder'd
                 ,
                 some
                 in
                 their
                 Houses
                 .
                 and
                 others
                 in
                 the
                 Streets
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 (
                 altogether
                 Innocent
                 ,
                 not
                 accus'd
                 of
                 the
                 least
                 Fault
                 )
                 were
                 knock'd
                 on
                 the
                 Head
                 while
                 they
                 were
                 asking
                 the
                 reason
                 why
                 they
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 kill'd
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 common
                 Soldiers
                 (
                 having
                 now
                 all
                 in
                 their
                 Hands
                 )
                 made
                 no
                 difference
                 betwixt
                 Friend
                 and
                 Foe
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 was
                 sure
                 to
                 be
                 reputed
                 an
                 Enemy
                 where
                 most
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 gotten
                 by
                 his
                 Fall
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 then
                 you
                 might
                 see
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Violence
                 ,
                 Murders
                 ,
                 Slaughters
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 kinds
                 of
                 Wickedness
                 :
                 For
                 some
                 out
                 of
                 former
                 grudges
                 spar'd
                 not
                 to
                 load
                 those
                 they
                 before
                 hated
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Disgrace
                 ,
                 having
                 now
                 full
                 sway
                 to
                 do
                 whatever
                 they
                 pleas'd
                 ;
                 others
                 judging
                 it
                 an
                 act
                 of
                 Prudence
                 to
                 enrich
                 themselves
                 by
                 the
                 Butcheries
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 rich
                 ;
                 spar'd
                 no
                 means
                 ,
                 nor
                 omitted
                 any
                 contrivance
                 to
                 destroy
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 some
                 broke
                 down
                 the
                 Gates
                 of
                 the
                 Out-Courts
                 ,
                 others
                 by
                 Ladders
                 ascended
                 the
                 House
                 Tops
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 fought
                 with
                 them
                 that
                 defended
                 themselves
                 from
                 the
                 Roofs
                 of
                 the
                 Houses
                 .
                 Nay
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 safety
                 even
                 to
                 them
                 who
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Temples
                 under
                 the
                 shelter
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ;
                 but
                 Piety
                 towards
                 the
                 Gods
                 was
                 crusht
                 and
                 born
                 down
                 by
                 the
                 Cruelty
                 of
                 Men
                 :
                 And
                 these
                 things
                 Greeks
                 against
                 Greeks
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 Kindred
                 against
                 Kindred
                 in
                 a
                 time
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 regard
                 
                 either
                 to
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 Nature
                 ,
                 or
                 Leagues
                 or
                 Reverence
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 dar'd
                 thus
                 audaciously
                 to
                 commit
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 account
                 not
                 only
                 Friends
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 Enemies
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 sober
                 Man
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 but
                 pity
                 the
                 miserable
                 Condition
                 of
                 these
                 distressed
                 
                 People
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 Gates
                 were
                 shut
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 Four
                 thousand
                 were
                 kill'd
                 in
                 one
                 day
                 ,
                 for
                 no
                 other
                 fault
                 but
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 greater
                 esteem
                 than
                 others
                 :
                 Of
                 those
                 that
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 fly
                 ,
                 some
                 in
                 running
                 to
                 get
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Gates
                 were
                 laid
                 hold
                 on
                 ,
                 others
                 who
                 cast
                 themselves
                 over
                 the
                 Walls
                 escap'd
                 to
                 the
                 next
                 Towns.
                 Some
                 through
                 Fear
                 and
                 Inconsiderateness
                 leap'd
                 off
                 the
                 Walls
                 and
                 broke
                 their
                 Necks
                 .
                 After
                 all
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 thrust
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 as
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 above
                 Six
                 thousand
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 fled
                 to
                 Agrigentum
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 receiv'd
                 and
                 entertain'd
                 with
                 that
                 Humanity
                 as
                 was
                 agreeable
                 to
                 their
                 present
                 Condition
                 .
                 But
                 those
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 his
                 Faction
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 spent
                 the
                 whole
                 day
                 in
                 Butchering
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 )
                 were
                 not
                 sparing
                 in
                 committing
                 their
                 Rage
                 and
                 Villanies
                 upon
                 the
                 Women
                 ,
                 but
                 thought
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 reveng'd
                 upon
                 them
                 that
                 escap'd
                 Death
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 could
                 but
                 abuse
                 their
                 Kindred
                 and
                 Relations
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 Vile
                 and
                 Beastly
                 manner
                 imaginable
                 :
                 For
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 very
                 reasonable
                 to
                 think
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 would
                 be
                 more
                 bitter
                 than
                 Death
                 it self
                 to
                 Husbands
                 and
                 Parents
                 to
                 think
                 of
                 the
                 Abuses
                 of
                 their
                 Wives
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Ravishings
                 of
                 their
                 Daughters
                 :
                 But
                 from
                 hence
                 we
                 must
                 forbear
                 composing
                 a
                 Tragedy
                 as
                 is
                 very
                 usual
                 
                 with
                 other
                 Writers
                 ,
                 especially
                 to
                 stir
                 up
                 compassion
                 towards
                 them
                 that
                 are
                 involv'd
                 in
                 such
                 horrible
                 Sufferings
                 ;
                 because
                 none
                 will
                 expect
                 an
                 express
                 account
                 of
                 every
                 Particular
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 whole
                 is
                 so
                 ready
                 and
                 clear
                 to
                 be
                 understood
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 that
                 durst
                 impudently
                 at
                 Mid-day
                 murder
                 Innocents
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Streets
                 and
                 Market
                 place
                 ,
                 have
                 no
                 need
                 of
                 a
                 Writer
                 to
                 set
                 forth
                 what
                 they
                 did
                 in
                 the
                 Houses
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 they
                 behav'd
                 themselves
                 towards
                 Wives
                 and
                 young
                 Maids
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 guard
                 or
                 defence
                 to
                 protect
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 glutted
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 slaughter
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 two
                 whole
                 Days
                 ,
                 brought
                 together
                 all
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 releas'd
                 Dimocrates
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 an
                 old
                 Friendship
                 between
                 them
                 :
                 But
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 his
                 greatest
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 banish'd
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 Then
                 calling
                 a
                 common
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 he
                 accus'd
                 the
                 
                 Six
                 hundred
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 who
                 had
                 favour'd
                 the
                 Oligarchy
                 ,
                 declaring
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 purge
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 affected
                 a
                 Monarchy
                 ;
                 and
                 restore
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 perfect
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 henceforth
                 stand
                 upon
                 equal
                 ground
                 with
                 them
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 live
                 a
                 private
                 Life
                 ,
                 free
                 from
                 further
                 Cares
                 and
                 Toils
                 .
                 Upon
                 saying
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 threw
                 away
                 his
                 Generals
                 
                 Coat
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 on
                 a
                 Jacket
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 went
                 his
                 way
                 ,
                 making
                 a
                 shew
                 of
                 himself
                 as
                 but
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 .
                 He
                 did
                 this
                 dissemblingly
                 to
                 act
                 the
                 Part
                 of
                 a
                 Commoner
                 ;
                 being
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 very
                 well
                 assur'd
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 in
                 the
                 Assembly
                 that
                 were
                 Brethren
                 in
                 Iniquity
                 with
                 himself
                 ,
                 who
                 would
                 never
                 suffer
                 the
                 Generalship
                 to
                 be
                 devolv'd
                 upon
                 any
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 robb'd
                 the
                 oppress'd
                 People
                 of
                 their
                 Goods
                 ,
                 immediately
                 cry'd
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 loud
                 Voice
                 wish'd
                 him
                 not
                 to
                 desert
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 take
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 intire
                 and
                 absolute
                 Management
                 of
                 all
                 Affairs
                 .
                 At
                 first
                 he
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 shy
                 ;
                 but
                 
                 being
                 afterwards
                 more
                 earnestly
                 prest
                 by
                 the
                 Multitude
                 ,
                 he
                 told
                 them
                 he
                 was
                 willing
                 to
                 accept
                 of
                 the
                 chief
                 Command
                 as
                 General
                 ,
                 provided
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 join'd
                 with
                 any
                 other
                 Collegue
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 should
                 never
                 be
                 content
                 to
                 be
                 accountable
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Law
                 then
                 was
                 )
                 for
                 the
                 Miscarriages
                 and
                 Irregularities
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 should
                 be
                 join'd
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 Commission
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 having
                 agreed
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Power
                 should
                 be
                 in
                 him
                 alone
                 ,
                 they
                 voted
                 him
                 General
                 ,
                 with
                 full
                 and
                 absolute
                 Authority
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 he
                 plainly
                 acted
                 the
                 Part
                 of
                 a
                 Monarch
                 ,
                 and
                 manag'd
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Syracusians
                 as
                 yet
                 *
                 Tame
                 and
                 Quiet
                 ,
                 some
                 curb'd
                 by
                 Fear
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 kept
                 down
                 by
                 Force
                 ,
                 durst
                 not
                 discover
                 (
                 as
                 a
                 thing
                 vain
                 and
                 to
                 no
                 purpose
                 )
                 the
                 Heart-burnings
                 that
                 were
                 among
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Poorer
                 sort
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 Debt
                 ,
                 were
                 much
                 pleas'd
                 with
                 
                 this
                 Revolution
                 :
                 For
                 Agathocles
                 had
                 promis'd
                 in
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 former
                 Debts
                 should
                 be
                 *
                 remitted
                 and
                 made
                 Void
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Lands
                 should
                 be
                 allotted
                 and
                 shar'd
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 Poor
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 he
                 had
                 finish'd
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 he
                 order'd
                 that
                 none
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 should
                 be
                 kill'd
                 or
                 otherwise
                 abus'd
                 .
                 But
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 changing
                 his
                 former
                 course
                 ,
                 he
                 carry'd
                 himself
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 mildness
                 towards
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 encouraging
                 many
                 with
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 a
                 few
                 with
                 large
                 Promises
                 ,
                 and
                 courting
                 all
                 with
                 smooth
                 words
                 ,
                 he
                 no
                 little
                 winded
                 himself
                 into
                 the
                 favour
                 and
                 good
                 Opinion
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 :
                 And
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 advanc'd
                 to
                 so
                 high
                 a
                 pitch
                 of
                 Honour
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 put
                 not
                 on
                 a
                 Diadem
                 ,
                 nor
                 suffer'd
                 the
                 Attendance
                 of
                 a
                 Life-Guard
                 ,
                 nor
                 admitted
                 any
                 difficulty
                 of
                 access
                 to
                 his
                 Person
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 common
                 practice
                 almost
                 of
                 all
                 Tyrants
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 business
                 chiefly
                 to
                 look
                 after
                 the
                 Publick
                 Revenue
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 making
                 and
                 providing
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Weapons
                 and
                 Arms
                 :
                 He
                 built
                 likewise
                 other
                 long
                 Ships
                 to
                 encrease
                 and
                 strengthen
                 his
                 Fleet
                 :
                 And
                 lastly
                 ,
                 brought
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 and
                 Towns
                 in
                 the
                 Heart
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 to
                 stoop
                 to
                 his
                 Authority
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 then
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Sicily
                 .
              
               
               
                 In
                 Italy
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 Ninth
                 year
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 with
                 the
                 Samnites
                 ;
                 before
                 
                 which
                 time
                 there
                 had
                 been
                 very
                 sharp
                 Battels
                 and
                 Engagements
                 between
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 then
                 (
                 except
                 some
                 Incursions
                 into
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Country
                 )
                 there
                 was
                 little
                 or
                 nothing
                 done
                 worth
                 taking
                 notice
                 of
                 ;
                 only
                 some
                 Forts
                 were
                 taken
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Country
                 harrass'd
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 Apulia
                 *
                 they
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 all
                 **
                 Daunia
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 conquer'd
                 the
                 †
                 Canutii
                 ,
                 receiv'd
                 of
                 them
                 Hostages
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 added
                 likewise
                 two
                 other
                 Tribes
                 to
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 of
                 Falernia
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 of
                 Ufentina
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 acting
                 ,
                 the
                 Crotonians
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Brutians
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 War
                 being
                 continu●d
                 another
                 year
                 with
                 the
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 expell'd
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 for
                 their
                 conspiring
                 with
                 Heraclides
                 and
                 Sosistratus
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 we
                 have
                 given
                 a
                 particular
                 Account
                 in
                 the
                 *
                 former
                 Book
                 )
                 they
                 created
                 Parones
                 and
                 Menedemus
                 their
                 Generals
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Exiles
                 went
                 to
                 Thurium
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 listed
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour'd
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 to
                 have
                 broke
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 repuls'd
                 by
                 the
                 Crotonians
                 ,
                 they
                 Encamp'd
                 in
                 the
                 Confines
                 of
                 the
                 Brutians
                 ;
                 but
                 within
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 they
                 were
                 every
                 Man
                 cut
                 off
                 by
                 a
                 much
                 stronger
                 Party
                 ,
                 who
                 sallied
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 against
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 having
                 given
                 an
                 account
                 how
                 things
                 went
                 in
                 Sicily
                 and
                 Italy
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 pass
                 to
                 the
                 things
                 done
                 in
                 other
                 Parts
                 of
                 Europe
                 .
              
               
                 Eurydice
                 being
                 Queen-Regent
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 she
                 heard
                 that
                 Olympias
                 was
                 preparing
                 for
                 her
                 return
                 ,
                 sent
                 an
                 Express
                 to
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 then
                 in
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 wishing
                 him
                 to
                 
                 hasten
                 to
                 her
                 Aid
                 and
                 Assistance
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 by
                 her
                 Bribes
                 and
                 Promises
                 ,
                 she
                 brought
                 over
                 the
                 most
                 active
                 and
                 stirring
                 Men
                 among
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 to
                 favour
                 her
                 in
                 her
                 designs
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Polysperchon
                 got
                 an
                 Army
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 join'd
                 with
                 Aeacides
                 of
                 Epirus
                 ,
                 he
                 brought
                 back
                 Olympias
                 ,
                 with
                 *
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Son
                 into
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 And
                 hearing
                 that
                 Eurydice
                 was
                 at
                 Evia
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 aiming
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 end
                 of
                 all
                 by
                 one
                 Battel
                 ,
                 he
                 makes
                 swiftly
                 after
                 ;
                 and
                 presently
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Armies
                 Encamp'd
                 one
                 over
                 against
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 (
                 in
                 reverence
                 to
                 Olympias
                 ,
                 and
                 calling
                 to
                 mind
                 the
                 many
                 Advantages
                 and
                 Kindnesses
                 they
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 at
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 Alexander
                 )
                 turn'd
                 about
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 ,
                 King
                 *
                 Philip
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Servants
                 were
                 presently
                 taken
                 .
                 †
                 Eurydice
                 likewise
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 Polycles
                 (
                 one
                 of
                 her
                 Counsellors
                 )
                 were
                 afterwards
                 taken
                 ;
                 being
                 before
                 return'd
                 to
                 Amphipolis
                 .
              
               
                 Olympias
                 having
                 thus
                 gain'd
                 the
                 custody
                 of
                 both
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 without
                 Blood
                 ;
                 us'd
                 not
                 her
                 good
                 Fortune
                 with
                 that
                 Humanity
                 as
                 she
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 done
                 :
                 But
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 first
                 imprisoning
                 both
                 Eurydice
                 and
                 Philip
                 her
                 Husband
                 ,
                 she
                 us'd
                 them
                 very
                 cruelly
                 :
                 For
                 she
                 coop'd
                 them
                 both
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 straight
                 and
                 narrow
                 Place
                 ,
                 where
                 through
                 a
                 little
                 narrow
                 Hole
                 every
                 thing
                 for
                 their
                 necessary
                 use
                 was
                 deliver'd
                 in
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 many
                 days
                 together
                 ,
                 she
                 thus
                 (
                 against
                 all
                 Law
                 and
                 Conscience
                 )
                 exercis'd
                 her
                 Rage
                 and
                 Revenge
                 upon
                 these
                 miserable
                 Princes
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 when
                 she
                 perceiv'd
                 that
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 spoke
                 ill
                 of
                 her
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 Pity
                 and
                 Commiseration
                 
                 towards
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 thus
                 miserably
                 dealt
                 with
                 ,
                 she
                 deliver'd
                 Philip
                 to
                 certain
                 Thracians
                 ,
                 (
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 reign'd
                 Six
                 Years
                 and
                 Four
                 Months
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 stabb'd
                 with
                 Ponyards
                 .
                 But
                 Eurydice
                 she
                 order'd
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 severely
                 dealt
                 with
                 ;
                 because
                 she
                 was
                 to
                 free
                 of
                 her
                 Tongue
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 was
                 still
                 blabbing
                 it
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 was
                 fitter
                 to
                 rule
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 than
                 Olympias
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 she
                 sent
                 to
                 her
                 a
                 Sword
                 ,
                 a
                 Rope
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Cup
                 of
                 Poison
                 ,
                 bidding
                 her
                 chuse
                 which
                 she
                 would
                 to
                 dispatch
                 her self
                 with
                 ,
                 neither
                 valuing
                 the
                 former
                 State
                 and
                 Dignity
                 of
                 the
                 Injur'd
                 Lady
                 ,
                 nor
                 commiserating
                 the
                 common
                 lot
                 of
                 Mankind
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 she
                 came
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 experience
                 the
                 same
                 turns
                 of
                 Fortune
                 her self
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 an
                 end
                 ,
                 every
                 way
                 worthy
                 her
                 Cruelty
                 .
                 For
                 Eurydice
                 in
                 the
                 presence
                 of
                 the
                 Person
                 that
                 brought
                 her
                 the
                 Instruments
                 of
                 her
                 Death
                 ,
                 pray'd
                 the
                 Gods
                 that
                 she
                 might
                 have
                 the
                 like
                 Present
                 sent
                 to
                 her
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 having
                 bound
                 up
                 the
                 Wounds
                 of
                 her
                 Husband
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 shortness
                 of
                 time
                 would
                 permit
                 ,
                 she
                 wrapp'd
                 him
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 without
                 any
                 Womanish
                 Complaints
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 base
                 dejection
                 of
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 her
                 Misery
                 ,
                 she
                 strangled
                 her self
                 in
                 her
                 own
                 Garter
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 made
                 an
                 end
                 of
                 these
                 two
                 ,
                 she
                 kill'd
                 Nicanor
                 ,
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Cassander
                 :
                 Then
                 she
                 pick'd
                 out
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Macedonians
                 of
                 
                 Cassander's
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 Death
                 .
                 Having
                 gratify'd
                 her
                 Revenge
                 by
                 these
                 Cruel
                 Acts
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 were
                 incited
                 to
                 hate
                 her
                 mortally
                 for
                 her
                 Cruelty
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 all
                 remember'd
                 the
                 Words
                 of
                 Antipater
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 like
                 an
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 had
                 given
                 strict
                 charge
                 not
                 to
                 admit
                 this
                 Woman
                 to
                 govern
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 Olympias
                 therefore
                 managing
                 things
                 after
                 this
                 rate
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 it
                 clearly
                 pointed
                 out
                 a
                 Revolution
                 in
                 the
                 State.
                 
              
               
               
                 In
                 
                   Asia
                   ,
                   Eumenes
                
                 having
                 with
                 him
                 the
                 Argyraspides
                 under
                 their
                 Captain
                 Antigenes
                 ,
                 winter'd
                 
                 in
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Towns
                 call'd
                 Carrhe
                 ;
                 thence
                 he
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Seleucus
                 and
                 Pitho
                 ,
                 requiring
                 them
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 
                   Antigonus
                   .
                   Pitho
                
                 was
                 appointed
                 Lord-Lieutenant
                 of
                 Media
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 second
                 Division
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 was
                 made
                 in
                 
                   Triparadisus
                   .
                   Seleucus
                
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 would
                 supply
                 the
                 Kings
                 with
                 what
                 ever
                 they
                 wanted
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 never
                 observe
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Commands
                 of
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 adjudg'd
                 to
                 die
                 by
                 the
                 common
                 Suffrage
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 After
                 many
                 Disputes
                 relating
                 to
                 this
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 *
                 they
                 sollicited
                 Antigenes
                 and
                 the
                 Argyraspides
                 by
                 their
                 Agent
                 to
                 cast
                 off
                 Eumenes
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 rejecting
                 what
                 they
                 requir'd
                 ,
                 Eumenes
                 commended
                 them
                 for
                 their
                 Fidelity
                 and
                 march'd
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Tigris
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 encamp'd
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Furlongs
                 from
                 Babylon
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 design'd
                 to
                 march
                 to
                 Susa
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 intended
                 to
                 raise
                 Forces
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 higher
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Treasures
                 as
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 occasion
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 pass
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 part
                 on
                 this
                 side
                 was
                 eaten
                 up
                 by
                 Forraging
                 and
                 Depredations
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Country
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 was
                 yet
                 untouch'd
                 ,
                 and
                 afforded
                 plenty
                 of
                 Forrage
                 and
                 other
                 Provision
                 for
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 While
                 he
                 was
                 getting
                 Vessels
                 together
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 his
                 passing
                 over
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 Seleucus
                 and
                 Pitho
                 
                 sail'd
                 up
                 the
                 River
                 with
                 two
                 Galleys
                 of
                 three
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 little
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 being
                 part
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 Alexander
                 built
                 at
                 Babylon
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 the
                 place
                 where
                 the
                 Passage
                 was
                 intended
                 ,
                 they
                 renew'd
                 their
                 Sollicitation
                 to
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 to
                 perswade
                 them
                 to
                 cast
                 off
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 abet
                 and
                 encourage
                 a
                 Fellow
                 against
                 them
                 who
                 was
                 but
                 a
                 Stranger
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 destroy'd
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 Antigenes
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 upon
                 any
                 Terms
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 the
                 Seleucians
                 sail'd
                 to
                 an
                 old
                 Sluce
                 ,
                 and
                 broke
                 down
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 grown
                 up
                 through
                 length
                 of
                 Time
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 Camp
                 was
                 surrounded
                 with
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Tract
                 of
                 Ground
                 overflow'd
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 was
                 in
                 great
                 danger
                 to
                 be
                 utterly
                 lost
                 .
                 All
                 that
                 day
                 therefore
                 they
                 rested
                 ,
                 considering
                 and
                 advising
                 what
                 was
                 best
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 in
                 such
                 an
                 Exigent
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Disturbance
                 from
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 they
                 transported
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 in
                 Flat-bottom'd
                 Boats
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Thirty
                 ,
                 forc'd
                 forward
                 with
                 long
                 Poles
                 :
                 For
                 Seleucus
                 had
                 only
                 Horse
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 far
                 inferiour
                 in
                 Number
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 Night
                 approach'd
                 ,
                 when
                 Eumenes
                 (
                 in
                 great
                 Pain
                 for
                 his
                 Carriages
                 left
                 behind
                 )
                 caus'd
                 all
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 to
                 repass
                 the
                 River
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 ,
                 by
                 Direction
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Natural
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 he
                 set
                 upon
                 cleansing
                 another
                 such-like
                 place
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 Water
                 might
                 be
                 
                 easily
                 diverted
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Ground
                 all
                 round
                 about
                 drain'd
                 dry
                 .
                 Which
                 when
                 Seleucus
                 perceiv'd
                 ,
                 (
                 minding
                 to
                 be
                 rid
                 of
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Province
                 with
                 what
                 speed
                 he
                 could
                 )
                 he
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 them
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Truce
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 permitted
                 them
                 to
                 pass
                 over
                 the
                 River
                 :
                 But
                 forthwith
                 sent
                 Expresses
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 in
                 Mesopotamia
                 ,
                 to
                 desire
                 him
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 come
                 down
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 came
                 in
                 with
                 their
                 Forces
                 .
              
               
                 Eumenes
                 having
                 now
                 passed
                 the
                 River
                 Tigris
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 into
                 Susiana
                 ,
                 he
                 divided
                 
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 three
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Scarcity
                 of
                 Provision
                 ;
                 and
                 thus
                 marching
                 through
                 the
                 Country
                 three
                 several
                 Ways
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 great
                 want
                 of
                 Bread
                 Corn
                 ,
                 therefore
                 distributed
                 Rice
                 ,
                 *
                 Millet
                 and
                 Dates
                 (
                 with
                 which
                 that
                 Country
                 abounded
                 )
                 amongst
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 .
              
               
                 Although
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 taken
                 care
                 to
                 send
                 away
                 the
                 Kings
                 Letters
                 to
                 the
                 Lords
                 Lieutenants
                 of
                 the
                 Upper
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 then
                 again
                 sent
                 Expresses
                 ,
                 to
                 desire
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 meet
                 him
                 with
                 their
                 Forces
                 in
                 Susiana
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 time
                 it
                 so
                 happen'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 their
                 Forces
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 got
                 together
                 for
                 some
                 other
                 Reasons
                 .
                 Of
                 which
                 ,
                 it
                 's
                 
                 necessary
                 here
                 to
                 say
                 something
                 before
                 we
                 proceed
                 further
                 .
              
               
                 Pitho
                 was
                 Lord
                 Lieutenant
                 of
                 Media
                 ,
                 and
                 General
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 higher
                 Satrapies
                 ,
                 by
                 Nation
                 
                 a
                 Parthian
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 kill'd
                 Philotas
                 the
                 former
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 plac'd
                 Eudamus
                 his
                 own
                 Brother
                 in
                 his
                 Room
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Provinces
                 join'd
                 together
                 ,
                 lest
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 serv'd
                 the
                 same
                 Sawce
                 ,
                 because
                 Pitho
                 was
                 of
                 a
                 restless
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 engag'd
                 himself
                 in
                 Matters
                 of
                 high
                 Importance
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 overcome
                 him
                 in
                 Battel
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 most
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 they
                 drove
                 the
                 Man
                 himself
                 out
                 of
                 Parthia
                 ;
                 who
                 first
                 sought
                 for
                 shelter
                 in
                 Media
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 and
                 prayed
                 Assistance
                 from
                 Seleucus
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 join
                 together
                 in
                 one
                 common
                 Interest
                 .
                 The
                 Governours
                 therefore
                 for
                 these
                 Causes
                 having
                 drawn
                 their
                 Forces
                 together
                 ,
                 Eumenes
                 his
                 Messengers
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Armies
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 ready
                 ,
                 and
                 prepar'd
                 in
                 the
                 Field
                 .
                 Peucestes
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 Renown'd
                 Captain
                 of
                 them
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 made
                 General
                 by
                 an
                 
                 unanimous
                 Assent
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 formerly
                 Squire
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 to
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 advanc'd
                 by
                 the
                 King
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 Lord
                 Lieutenant
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 great
                 Esteem
                 among
                 the
                 Natives
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 this
                 Reason
                 ,
                 he
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 was
                 allow'd
                 by
                 Alexander
                 to
                 wear
                 a
                 Persian
                 Gown
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 thought
                 thereby
                 to
                 ingratiate
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 and
                 engage
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 observant
                 to
                 all
                 his
                 Commands
                 .
                 
                 He
                 then
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Persian
                 Archers
                 and
                 Slingers
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 other
                 Nations
                 (
                 taken
                 into
                 the
                 Rank
                 of
                 Macedonians
                 )
                 Three
                 thousand
                 ,
                 with
                 Six
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 of
                 Greeks
                 and
                 Thracians
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 Persian
                 Horse
                 Four
                 hundred
                 .
                 Polemon
                 a
                 Macedonian
                 ,
                 Governor
                 of
                 Carmania
                 ,
                 had
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Seven
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 .
                 Sibyrtius
                 ,
                 Governor
                 of
                 Arachosia
                 ,
                 had
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Six
                 hundred
                 and
                 ten
                 Horse
                 .
                 Androbazus
                 likewise
                 was
                 sent
                 from
                 Parapamysus
                 (
                 of
                 which
                 Province
                 Oxyartes
                 was
                 Governor
                 )
                 with
                 Twelve
                 hundred
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 .
                 Stasander
                 ,
                 Governor
                 of
                 Aria
                 and
                 Dranginas
                 ,
                 being
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Bactrians
                 ,
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 Out
                 of
                 India
                 came
                 Eudamus
                 with
                 *
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 twenty
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 got
                 after
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Death
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 treacherously
                 slew
                 Porus.
                 There
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 above
                 *
                 Eighteen
                 thousand
                 and
                 Seven
                 hundred
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 thousand
                 and
                 Six
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 all
                 these
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Susiana
                 ,
                 and
                 join'd
                 with
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 a
                 publick
                 Assembly
                 was
                 call'd
                 ,
                 where
                 was
                 a
                 hot
                 Dispute
                 concerning
                 the
                 Choice
                 of
                 a
                 General
                 .
                 Peucestes
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 bringing
                 in
                 most
                 Men
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 eminent
                 Post
                 under
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 conceiv'd
                 he
                 had
                 most
                 Right
                 to
                 challenge
                 the
                 chief
                 Command
                 .
                 Antigenes
                 ,
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Silver
                 Targateers
                 ,
                 insisted
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 whole
                 Power
                 of
                 Election
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 committed
                 to
                 his
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 who
                 under
                 Alexander
                 had
                 conquer'd
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 Valour
                 had
                 so
                 signaliz'd
                 themselves
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Reputation
                 of
                 being
                 
                 Unconquerable
                 .
                 But
                 Eumenes
                 fearing
                 lest
                 by
                 their
                 Divisions
                 they
                 should
                 become
                 an
                 easy
                 Prey
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 advis'd
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 not
                 make
                 only
                 one
                 General
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 all
                 who
                 were
                 before
                 chosen
                 Captains
                 ,
                 and
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 should
                 meet
                 every
                 day
                 in
                 the
                 King's
                 Pavilion
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 consult
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 publick
                 Affairs
                 .
                 For
                 a
                 Tent
                 had
                 been
                 before
                 erected
                 to
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Throne
                 plac'd
                 therein
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 they
                 us'd
                 to
                 resort
                 ,
                 (
                 offering
                 Incense
                 as
                 to
                 a
                 God
                 )
                 and
                 there
                 debate
                 all
                 Matters
                 of
                 Weight
                 ,
                 and
                 special
                 Concern
                 .
                 This
                 Advice
                 being
                 Approv'd
                 and
                 Applauded
                 by
                 all
                 ,
                 they
                 met
                 there
                 every
                 day
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 a
                 City
                 govern'd
                 by
                 a
                 Democracy
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 being
                 come
                 to
                 Susa
                 ,
                 there
                 Eumenes
                 was
                 supply'd
                 with
                 what
                 Monies
                 he
                 had
                 occasion
                 for
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Exchequer
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Kings
                 by
                 
                 their
                 Letters
                 had
                 order'd
                 the
                 Treasures
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 issue
                 to
                 Eumenes
                 alone
                 so
                 much
                 Money
                 as
                 he
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 requir'd
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 he
                 gave
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 Six
                 Months
                 Pay
                 
                 before-hand
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Eudamus
                 (
                 who
                 brought
                 the
                 Elephants
                 out
                 of
                 India
                 )
                 he
                 paid
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 ,
                 under
                 colour
                 to
                 defray
                 the
                 Charge
                 and
                 Expence
                 of
                 the
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 truth
                 the
                 more
                 to
                 engage
                 him
                 to
                 his
                 Interest
                 .
                 For
                 if
                 Contests
                 should
                 arise
                 ,
                 that
                 Party
                 would
                 have
                 the
                 greatest
                 Advantage
                 with
                 whom
                 he
                 sided
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Terror
                 occasion'd
                 by
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 these
                 Beasts
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Governors
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 maintain'd
                 their
                 own
                 Soldiers
                 they
                 brought
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 This
                 done
                 ,
                 Eumenes
                 continu'd
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 in
                 
                 Susa
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 refresh'd
                 his
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 who
                 Winter'd
                 in
                 Mesopotamia
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 forthwith
                 to
                 set
                 upon
                 Eumenes
                 before
                 he
                 grew
                 too
                 strong
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 heard
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Provincial
                 Governors
                 with
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 were
                 join'd
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 let
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 Business
                 to
                 raise
                 more
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 saw
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 need
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 reason
                 to
                 make
                 more
                 than
                 ordinary
                 Preparations
                 for
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 these
                 Preparations
                 ,
                 
                   Attalus
                   ,
                   Polemo
                   ,
                   Docimus
                   ,
                   Antipater
                   ,
                
                 and
                 Philotas
                 ,
                 who
                 before
                 were
                 Commanders
                 in
                 Alcetas
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 kept
                 
                 close
                 Prisoners
                 in
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 strong
                 Castle
                 ,
                 hearing
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 intended
                 Expedition
                 into
                 the
                 higher
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 (
                 conceiving
                 now
                 they
                 had
                 gain'd
                 a
                 fair
                 opportunity
                 ,
                 )
                 hir'd
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Keepers
                 to
                 suffer
                 them
                 to
                 escape
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 gotten
                 Arms
                 ,
                 about
                 Midnight
                 they
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Guard
                 :
                 They
                 themselves
                 were
                 but
                 Eight
                 in
                 Number
                 ,
                 (
                 surrounded
                 with
                 Four
                 hundred
                 Men
                 ,
                 )
                 yet
                 Valiant
                 and
                 Expert
                 Soldiers
                 through
                 their
                 Experience
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 with
                 
                   Alexander
                   .
                   Xenopithes
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 they
                 
                 threw
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 Walls
                 headlong
                 down
                 a
                 steep
                 Rock
                 ,
                 a
                 Furlong
                 high
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 some
                 they
                 kill'd
                 upon
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 they
                 hurl'd
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 set
                 the
                 Houses
                 on
                 fire
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 they
                 took
                 into
                 the
                 Castle
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Men
                 that
                 were
                 without
                 expecting
                 the
                 Issue
                 :
                 It
                 was
                 indeed
                 very
                 well
                 stor'd
                 with
                 Provision
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Things
                 necessary
                 :
                 But
                 they
                 consulted
                 together
                 ,
                 whether
                 it
                 was
                 better
                 to
                 stay
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 trust
                 to
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 waiting
                 for
                 Relief
                 from
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 get
                 away
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 wander
                 about
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 a
                 Change
                 and
                 Turn
                 of
                 Fortune
                 when
                 it
                 might
                 happen
                 .
                 Much
                 Canvassing
                 and
                 Disputing
                 there
                 was
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 :
                 Docimus
                 was
                 for
                 leaving
                 the
                 Place
                 ;
                 but
                 Attalus
                 declar'd
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 endure
                 Labour
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Hardship
                 of
                 his
                 late
                 Imprisonment
                 .
              
               
                 Whilst
                 they
                 were
                 thus
                 at
                 Difference
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ,
                 above
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Foot
                 and
                 Four
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 were
                 drawn
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Garisons
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 together
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 ,
                 besides
                 Three
                 thousand
                 of
                 the
                 natural
                 Inhabitants
                 and
                 upwards
                 gather'd
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ;
                 these
                 created
                 one
                 from
                 among
                 themselves
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 close
                 Siege
                 to
                 the
                 Castle
                 .
              
               
                 Being
                 therefore
                 thus
                 unexpectedly
                 again
                 coop'd
                 up
                 ,
                 Docimus
                 acquainted
                 with
                 a
                 Passage
                 under-ground
                 ,
                 where
                 no
                 Guard
                 was
                 set
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 private
                 Messenger
                 kept
                 Correspondence
                 with
                 Stratonice
                 the
                 Wife
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 not
                 far
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 Place
                 :
                 And
                 afterwards
                 he
                 ,
                 with
                 one
                 other
                 in
                 his
                 Company
                 ,
                 through
                 this
                 Pass
                 slipt
                 out
                 to
                 her
                 ;
                 but
                 ,
                 contrary
                 
                 to
                 her
                 Promise
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 seiz'd
                 and
                 secur'd
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 that
                 came
                 out
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 undertook
                 to
                 conduct
                 the
                 Enemy
                 into
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 and
                 accordingly
                 brought
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 them
                 gain'd
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 highest
                 Rocks
                 within
                 the
                 Fort.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 although
                 Attalus
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 those
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 were
                 far
                 inferiour
                 in
                 Number
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 defended
                 the
                 Place
                 couragiously
                 ,
                 fighting
                 valiantly
                 every
                 day
                 ,
                 till
                 at
                 length
                 they
                 fell
                 into
                 the
                 Enemies
                 hands
                 after
                 a
                 Siege
                 of
                 Sixteen
                 Months
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 II.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Antigonus
                   marches
                   after
                   Eumenes
                   to
                   
                     Tigris
                     .
                     Eumenes
                  
                   cuts
                   off
                   many
                   of
                   his
                   Men
                   at
                   
                     Pasitigris
                     .
                     Antigonus
                  
                   goes
                   into
                   
                     Media
                     .
                     Eumenes
                  
                   comes
                   to
                   Persepolis
                   .
                   The
                   Description
                   of
                   
                     Persia
                     .
                     Peucestes
                  
                   his
                   great
                   Feast
                   .
                   Eumenes
                   his
                   Policy
                   .
                   His
                   Tale
                   of
                   the
                   Lion.
                   A
                   Battel
                   in
                   Pareteceni
                   ,
                   between
                   Antigonus
                   and
                   
                     Eumenes
                     .
                     Antigonus
                  
                   returns
                   into
                   Media
                   .
                   The
                   Story
                   of
                   Ceteus
                   his
                   two
                   Wives
                   striving
                   which
                   should
                   be
                   burnt
                   .
                   Eumenes
                   marches
                   to
                   
                     Galiene
                     ;
                     Cassander
                  
                   to
                   
                     Macedonia
                     .
                     Olympias
                  
                   goes
                   to
                   Pydna
                   ;
                   is
                   there
                   besieg'd
                   .
                   The
                   Epirots
                   forsake
                   their
                   King
                   ,
                   and
                   join
                   with
                   
                     Cassander
                     .
                     Antigonus
                  
                   designs
                   to
                   surprize
                   Eumenes
                   ,
                   who
                   stops
                   his
                   March
                   by
                   a
                   Stratagem
                   .
                   The
                   last
                   Battel
                   between
                   them
                   in
                   
                     Gabiene
                     .
                     Eumenes
                  
                   basely
                   deliver'd
                   up
                   .
                   Antigonus
                   returns
                   to
                   Media
                   .
                   The
                   dreadful
                   Earthquakes
                   in
                   the
                   Country
                   of
                   Rhages
                   .
                
              
               
                 AFterwards
                 Democlides
                 was
                 chief
                 Governor
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   ,
                   Junius
                
                 and
                 Quinius
                 
                 Emilius
                 were
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 was
                 celebrated
                 the
                 Hundred
                 and
                 sixteenth
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 Deinomenes
                 the
                 Laconian
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Victory
                 .
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Antigonus
                 march'd
                 out
                 of
                 Mesopotamia
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 Seleucus
                 and
                 Pitho
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 strengthen'd
                 himself
                 with
                 Forces
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 Bridge
                 of
                 Boats
                 over
                 the
                 River
                 Tigris
                 ,
                 and
                 pass'd
                 over
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 hasted
                 away
                 with
                 a
                 swift
                 March
                 after
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Of
                 which
                 ,
                 Eumenes
                 having
                 Intelligence
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 to
                 Xenophilus
                 ,
                 *
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 Citadel
                 at
                 Susa
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 give
                 any
                 Money
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 nor
                 by
                 any
                 means
                 to
                 come
                 out
                 to
                 Parly
                 with
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 himself
                 march'd
                 with
                 the
                 Army
                 to
                 Tigris
                 ,
                 a
                 day's
                 Journey
                 distant
                 from
                 Susa
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Uxians
                 ,
                 a
                 free
                 People
                 .
                 The
                 River
                 is
                 in
                 some
                 Places
                 three
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 others
                 four
                 Furlongs
                 broad
                 .
                 The
                 depth
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Channel
                 was
                 equal
                 with
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 the
                 Elephants
                 .
                 It
                 runs
                 in
                 a
                 Current
                 from
                 the
                 Mountains
                 Seven
                 hundred
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 and
                 empties
                 it self
                 into
                 the
                 
                   Red
                   Sea.
                
                 There
                 are
                 many
                 Sea
                 Fish
                 and
                 Whales
                 in
                 this
                 River
                 ,
                 which
                 appear
                 chiefly
                 at
                 the
                 *
                 Rising
                 of
                 the
                 Dog-Star
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Eumeneans
                 had
                 the
                 River
                 before
                 them
                 for
                 a
                 Defence
                 ,
                 and
                 mann'd
                 the
                 Bank
                 all
                 along
                 from
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 to
                 the
                 *
                 Sea
                 ,
                 with
                 Forts
                 every
                 where
                 built
                 upon
                 the
                 Bank
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 waited
                 for
                 the
                 Enemies
                 approach
                 .
                 But
                 because
                 those
                 Forts
                 requir'd
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Men
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 stretch'd
                 out
                 a
                 great
                 length
                 ,
                 Eumenes
                 and
                 Antigenes
                 sollicited
                 Peucestes
                 to
                 send
                 for
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Archers
                 more
                 out
                 of
                 Persia
                 ;
                 who
                 at
                 first
                 refus'd
                 ,
                 complaining
                 how
                 he
                 was
                 deny'd
                 to
                 be
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 .
                 But
                 afterwards
                 upon
                 mature
                 Deliberation
                 with
                 himself
                 he
                 comply'd
                 ,
                 concluding
                 that
                 if
                 
                 Antigonus
                 prevail'd
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 lose
                 both
                 his
                 Province
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 in
                 danger
                 of
                 losing
                 his
                 Life
                 
                 besides
                 ;
                 careful
                 therefore
                 to
                 preserve
                 his
                 own
                 Interest
                 ,
                 and
                 hoping
                 thereby
                 with
                 more
                 ease
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 chief
                 Command
                 by
                 having
                 more
                 Men
                 than
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 he
                 brought
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Archers
                 more
                 into
                 the
                 Camp
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 Desire
                 .
                 
                   And
                   though
                   
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Persians
                   were
                   distant
                   one
                   from
                   another
                   Thirty
                   days
                   March
                   ,
                   yet
                   they
                   had
                   plac'd
                   their
                   Guards
                   with
                   that
                   Art
                   and
                   Exactness
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   all
                   heard
                   the
                   Word
                   of
                   Command
                   in
                   one
                   and
                   the
                   same
                   day
                   ;
                   the
                   Reason
                   of
                   which
                   is
                   worthy
                   Remark
                
                 :
                 For
                 Persia
                 is
                 full
                 of
                 long
                 and
                 narrow
                 Valleys
                 ,
                 and
                 has
                 many
                 high
                 Watch-Towers
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 were
                 plac'd
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 that
                 were
                 Men
                 of
                 loud
                 and
                 strong
                 Voices
                 :
                 When
                 the
                 Voice
                 was
                 heard
                 by
                 those
                 in
                 the
                 next
                 Division
                 ,
                 they
                 imparted
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 again
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 one
                 after
                 another
                 till
                 what
                 was
                 Commanded
                 came
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 Eumenes
                 and
                 Peucestes
                 were
                 busy
                 about
                 these
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 Antigonus
                 came
                 with
                 his
                 
                 Army
                 to
                 the
                 King's
                 Palace
                 in
                 Susa
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Seleucus
                 Lord-Lieutenant
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 ,
                 and
                 leaving
                 with
                 him
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Army
                 ,
                 order'd
                 him
                 to
                 besiege
                 the
                 Cittadel
                 ,
                 Xenophilus
                 the
                 Treasurer
                 refusing
                 to
                 obey
                 his
                 Commands
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 himself
                 march'd
                 away
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 through
                 a
                 hot
                 scalding
                 Country
                 ,
                 very
                 dangerous
                 for
                 Foreign
                 Armies
                 to
                 pass
                 .
                 Therefore
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 march
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 ,
                 and
                 encamp
                 near
                 
                 the
                 River
                 before
                 Sun-rising
                 :
                 However
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 secure
                 himself
                 from
                 all
                 the
                 Inconveniencies
                 and
                 Mischiefs
                 of
                 that
                 Country
                 :
                 For
                 though
                 he
                 did
                 all
                 that
                 was
                 possible
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 yet
                 through
                 the
                 excessive
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Season
                 ,
                 (
                 being
                 about
                 the
                 rising
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 
                   Dog-Star
                   ,
                
                 )
                 he
                 lost
                 a
                 great
                 Multitude
                 of
                 his
                 Men.
                 Coming
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Coprates
                 ,
                 he
                 prepar'd
                 what
                 was
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 passing
                 over
                 of
                 his
                 Men.
                 This
                 River
                 issues
                 from
                 a
                 Mountainous
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 runs
                 into
                 Tigris
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 Four
                 Acres
                 broad
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 Fourscore
                 Furlongs
                 distant
                 from
                 Eumenes
                 his
                 Camp.
                 The
                 Stream
                 is
                 so
                 rapid
                 and
                 swift
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 passing
                 over
                 without
                 Boats
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 Bridge
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 few
                 Flat
                 bottom'd
                 Boats
                 ,
                 in
                 them
                 he
                 put
                 over
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Foot
                 ,
                 ordering
                 them
                 to
                 draw
                 a
                 Trench
                 and
                 cast
                 up
                 Works
                 to
                 defend
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 to
                 attend
                 the
                 coming
                 over
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 .
              
               
                 Eumenes
                 having
                 Intelligence
                 by
                 his
                 Scouts
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Designs
                 ,
                 pass'd
                 over
                 the
                 Bridge
                 of
                 Tigris
                 with
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 Thirteen
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 found
                 above
                 
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 Army
                 got
                 over
                 *
                 ;
                 and
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Six
                 thousand
                 who
                 were
                 forraging
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 the
                 Country
                 :
                 These
                 he
                 suddenly
                 set
                 upon
                 and
                 routed
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 put
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 flight
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 (
                 who
                 stood
                 their
                 Ground
                 )
                 being
                 overpower'd
                 with
                 Number
                 ,
                 he
                 forc'd
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 where
                 running
                 headlong
                 into
                 their
                 Boats
                 ,
                 and
                 overcharging
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 sunk
                 down
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 swim
                 ,
                 some
                 few
                 of
                 them
                 escap'd
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 rest
                 were
                 all
                 drown'd
                 .
                 Others
                 that
                 could
                 not
                 swim
                 ,
                 (
                 judging
                 it
                 more
                 advisable
                 to
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 Enemies
                 hand
                 ,
                 than
                 certainly
                 to
                 lose
                 their
                 Lives
                 in
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 )
                 were
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Four
                 thousand
                 .
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Boats
                 ,
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 help
                 them
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 saw
                 such
                 Multitudes
                 perish
                 .
                 Conceiving
                 therefore
                 
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 impossible
                 to
                 pass
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 back
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 Badaca
                 ,
                 seated
                 upon
                 the
                 River
                 Ulaie
                 .
                 By
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 vehement
                 Heat
                 ,
                 this
                 March
                 was
                 very
                 sweltering
                 and
                 
                 troublesome
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 were
                 tir'd
                 out
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 Heartless
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 at
                 their
                 Wits
                 end
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 before-mention'd
                 ,
                 staying
                 there
                 some
                 days
                 ,
                 he
                 refresh'd
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 Thence
                 he
                 judg'd
                 it
                 advisable
                 to
                 march
                 to
                 Ecbatane
                 in
                 *
                 Media
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 that
                 the
                 Seat
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 higher
                 Provinces
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 were
                 two
                 Ways
                 that
                 led
                 to
                 Media
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 were
                 difficult
                 ;
                 that
                 over
                 the
                 Mountains
                 was
                 pleasant
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 High-way
                 ;
                 but
                 scorching
                 hot
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 long
                 ,
                 almost
                 Forty
                 Days
                 Journey
                 .
                 That
                 through
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Cosseans
                 was
                 strait
                 ,
                 narrow
                 ,
                 and
                 steep
                 ,
                 leading
                 through
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Borders
                 ,
                 and
                 barren
                 and
                 scant
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 short
                 Cut
                 ,
                 and
                 more
                 cool
                 ;
                 yet
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 easie
                 for
                 an
                 Army
                 to
                 march
                 this
                 way
                 ,
                 unless
                 Agreement
                 were
                 made
                 with
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 who
                 inhabit
                 the
                 Mountains
                 .
              
               
                 *
                 They
                 have
                 been
                 a
                 Free
                 People
                 time
                 out
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 and
                 inhabit
                 in
                 Caves
                 ,
                 and
                 feed
                 upon
                 Acorns
                 and
                 Mushrooms
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 salted
                 Flesh
                 of
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 look'd
                 upon
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 dishonourable
                 thing
                 for
                 him
                 who
                 commanded
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 to
                 court
                 these
                 Barbarous
                 People
                 with
                 smooth
                 Words
                 ,
                 or
                 gain
                 them
                 by
                 rich
                 Gifts
                 .
                 He
                 pick'd
                 out
                 therefore
                 the
                 choicest
                 of
                 his
                 Targateers
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 the
                 Archers
                 and
                 Slingers
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 light-arm'd
                 Men
                 into
                 two
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 them
                 to
                 Nearchus
                 ,
                 with
                 command
                 to
                 go
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 first
                 secure
                 the
                 Streights
                 ,
                 and
                 difficult
                 Passes
                 .
                 These
                 being
                 posted
                 all
                 along
                 in
                 the
                 Way
                 ,
                 he
                 himself
                 led
                 the
                 Phalanx
                 ,
                 and
                 Pitho
                 commanded
                 the
                 Rear
                 .
                 
              
               
               
                 They
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 with
                 Nearchus
                 ,
                 had
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 possess
                 themselves
                 of
                 a
                 few
                 Watch
                 Towers
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 hindred
                 and
                 prevented
                 of
                 many
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 Necessary
                 and
                 Commodious
                 Places
                 ,
                 they
                 lost
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 set
                 upon
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 by
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 much
                 ado
                 to
                 make
                 their
                 way
                 through
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 follow'd
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 (
                 having
                 enter'd
                 the
                 Streights
                 )
                 they
                 fell
                 into
                 dangers
                 that
                 were
                 inextricable
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Natives
                 being
                 well
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 Places
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 before
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 Steep
                 and
                 Craggy
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 cast
                 down
                 massy
                 Stones
                 upon
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 Heads
                 as
                 they
                 passed
                 by
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 showers
                 of
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 they
                 so
                 gall'd
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 neither
                 able
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 inconveniency
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 )
                 to
                 annoy
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 nor
                 avoid
                 their
                 shot
                 :
                 And
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Passage
                 was
                 very
                 craggy
                 and
                 difficult
                 ,
                 the
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 Horses
                 ,
                 and
                 heavy
                 arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 were
                 involv'd
                 both
                 in
                 Toils
                 and
                 Hazards
                 at
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 no
                 capacity
                 to
                 help
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 being
                 brought
                 into
                 these
                 streights
                 ;
                 now
                 repented
                 that
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 follow
                 the
                 Counsel
                 of
                 Pitho
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 advis'd
                 him
                 to
                 have
                 bought
                 his
                 Passage
                 by
                 Money
                 .
                 But
                 after
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 still
                 in
                 imminent
                 hazard
                 ,
                 after
                 nine
                 Days
                 troublesome
                 march
                 ,
                 he
                 came
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 the
                 Inhabited
                 Parts
                 of
                 Media
                 .
              
               
                 One
                 Mischief
                 on
                 the
                 Neck
                 of
                 another
                 thus
                 falling
                 upon
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 the
                 intolerable
                 Distresses
                 
                 they
                 were
                 brought
                 unto
                 ,
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 cry
                 out
                 against
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 they
                 gave
                 him
                 very
                 harsh
                 and
                 bitter
                 Words
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 in
                 Forty
                 Days
                 time
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 three
                 several
                 times
                 been
                 miserably
                 slaughter'd
                 ;
                 but
                 by
                 fair
                 Words
                 ,
                 and
                 plentiful
                 Provision
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 ,
                 he
                 at
                 length
                 quieted
                 them
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 commanded
                 Pitho
                 to
                 go
                 over
                 all
                 Media
                 ,
                 to
                 get
                 together
                 Horsemen
                 and
                 Horses
                 and
                 Carriages
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 easily
                 perform'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Country
                 abounding
                 with
                 Horses
                 and
                 Cattle
                 .
                 For
                 Pitho
                 return'd
                 ,
                 bringing
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Horsemen
                 and
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Horses
                 ,
                 ready
                 furnish'd
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 many
                 loads
                 of
                 Munition
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 might
                 be
                 compleatly
                 arm'd
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Treasury
                 .
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 form'd
                 the
                 Horse
                 into
                 Regiments
                 ,
                 and
                 distributed
                 the
                 Horses
                 among
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 lost
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 the
                 Draught-Beasts
                 freely
                 among
                 those
                 that
                 wanted
                 them
                 ,
                 whereby
                 he
                 regain'd
                 the
                 former
                 Love
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 Captains
                 of
                 the
                 Forces
                 with
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 heard
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 in
                 Media
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 various
                 Opinions
                 what
                 to
                 resolve
                 upon
                 :
                 For
                 
                   Eumenes
                   ,
                   Antigenes
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 who
                 came
                 up
                 from
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 ,
                 were
                 for
                 returning
                 thither
                 again
                 .
                 But
                 those
                 who
                 came
                 from
                 the
                 higher
                 Provinces
                 (
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 their
                 Friends
                 and
                 Relations
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 at
                 home
                 )
                 were
                 for
                 defending
                 those
                 Parts
                 .
                 The
                 Contest
                 waxing
                 hot
                 ,
                 Eumenes
                 considering
                 that
                 one
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 now
                 divided
                 into
                 two
                 )
                 was
                 not
                 strong
                 enough
                 to
                 cope
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 comply'd
                 with
                 the
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 Upper
                 Provinces
                 .
                 Decamping
                 therefore
                 from
                 Pasitigris
                 ,
                 he
                 mov'd
                 towards
                 Persia
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Regal
                 Seat
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 Persepolis
                 ,
                 
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 Four
                 and
                 twenty
                 days
                 march
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Country
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 Entrance
                 into
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 the
                 Ladders
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 call'd
                 )
                 
                 is
                 Flat
                 and
                 Low
                 ,
                 exceeding
                 Hot
                 ,
                 and
                 barren
                 of
                 Provision
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 rest
                 is
                 higher
                 ,
                 of
                 a
                 wholesome
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 Fruitful
                 :
                 Wherein
                 are
                 many
                 shady
                 Valleys
                 ,
                 variety
                 of
                 *
                 Pleasant
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 natural
                 Walks
                 bounded
                 on
                 either
                 side
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 water'd
                 with
                 refreshing
                 Springs
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 those
                 that
                 pass
                 this
                 Way
                 ,
                 many
                 times
                 stop
                 here
                 and
                 solace
                 themselves
                 in
                 these
                 pleasant
                 Places
                 with
                 great
                 delight
                 .
              
               
                 Here
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 brought
                 in
                 to
                 Peucestes
                 abundance
                 of
                 all
                 kinds
                 of
                 Prey
                 and
                 Booty
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 largely
                 distributed
                 among
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 to
                 gain
                 their
                 Favour
                 and
                 Good
                 will.
                 In
                 this
                 Tract
                 inhabit
                 the
                 most
                 Warlike
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 being
                 all
                 Archers
                 and
                 Slingers
                 ,
                 and
                 is
                 far
                 more
                 populous
                 than
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 Provinces
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 Persepolis
                 ,
                 the
                 King's
                 Palace
                 ,
                 Peucestes
                 the
                 Governor
                 ,
                 and
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 ,
                 order'd
                 a
                 magnificent
                 Sacrifice
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Alexander
                 and
                 Philip
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 sending
                 almost
                 over
                 all
                 Persia
                 for
                 Beasts
                 to
                 be
                 sacrific'd
                 ,
                 and
                 abundance
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 Provisions
                 ,
                 necessary
                 for
                 a
                 Festival
                 and
                 publick
                 Solemnity
                 ,
                 he
                 Feasted
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 this
                 Festival
                 the
                 Guests
                 were
                 placed
                 in
                 four
                 Rounds
                 ,
                 including
                 one
                 within
                 another
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 greatest
                 surrounding
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 ten
                 furlongs
                 in
                 Compass
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Mercenaries
                 and
                 Confederates
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 second
                 Round
                 was
                 eight
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 were
                 plac'd
                 the
                 *
                 Macedonian
                 Silver
                 Targateers
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 Alexander's
                 Fellow-Soldiers
                 .
                 The
                 other
                 Circle
                 was
                 of
                 four
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 and
                 fill'd
                 with
                 inferior
                 Officers
                 ,
                 special
                 Friends
                 ,
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 and
                 Horse-men
                 .
              
               
               
                 That
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 all
                 was
                 two
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 wherein
                 the
                 Generals
                 ,
                 Masters
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 had
                 their
                 several
                 Tents
                 allotted
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 plac'd
                 the
                 Altars
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 Alexander
                 and
                 Philip.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Tents
                 were
                 made
                 of
                 green
                 Booths
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 cover'd
                 with
                 Arras
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 
                 Tapestry
                 Hangings
                 ;
                 Persia
                 plentifully
                 affording
                 every
                 thing
                 for
                 Pleasure
                 and
                 Delight
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Rounds
                 were
                 at
                 that
                 convenient
                 distance
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 Guests
                 found
                 nothing
                 of
                 trouble
                 or
                 uneasiness
                 ,
                 but
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 was
                 prepar'd
                 was
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 .
                 All
                 being
                 thus
                 gracefully
                 manag'd
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 general
                 applause
                 of
                 the
                 common
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 thereby
                 expressing
                 how
                 great
                 Peucestes
                 was
                 in
                 their
                 Favour
                 and
                 Esteem
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 suspected
                 by
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 conceiving
                 that
                 Peucestes
                 did
                 this
                 to
                 ingratiate
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 ;
                 he
                 therefore
                 forg'd
                 a
                 Letter
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 rais'd
                 up
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 them
                 more
                 Courageous
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 down
                 the
                 haughty
                 Spirit
                 and
                 Pride
                 of
                 Peucestes
                 ;
                 but
                 advanc'd
                 his
                 own
                 Reputation
                 with
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 hopes
                 of
                 good
                 Success
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 .
                 The
                 Contents
                 of
                 the
                 Letter
                 were
                 these
                 :
                 That
                 Olympias
                 with
                 Alexander's
                 Son
                 (
                 having
                 kill'd
                 Cassander
                 )
                 had
                 fully
                 recover'd
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Macedon
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Polysperchon
                 with
                 the
                 main
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Army
                 
                 and
                 his
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 had
                 put
                 over
                 into
                 Asia
                 against
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 then
                 in
                 Capadocia
                 .
                 This
                 Letter
                 was
                 writ
                 in
                 Syriack
                 Characters
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Orontes
                 ,
                 Governor
                 of
                 Armenia
                 ,
                 an
                 intimate
                 Friend
                 of
                 Peucestes
                 .
                 These
                 Letters
                 going
                 for
                 current
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 continual
                 Correspondence
                 between
                 him
                 and
                 the
                 Lord-Lieutenants
                 ;
                 Eumenes
                 order'd
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 carry'd
                 about
                 ,
                 and
                 shew'd
                 to
                 the
                 Captains
                 and
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 chang'd
                 their
                 Mind
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 Eyes
                 were
                 upon
                 Eumenes
                 as
                 the
                 chief
                 Favourite
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 depend
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 whose
                 Interest
                 in
                 the
                 Kings
                 would
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 advance
                 whom
                 he
                 pleas'd
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 punish
                 whom
                 he
                 thought
                 fit
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Feasting
                 was
                 ended
                 ,
                 Eumenes
                 the
                 more
                 to
                 terrify
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 regardless
                 of
                 his
                 Orders
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 affected
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 ,
                 call'd
                 in
                 Question
                 in
                 due
                 form
                 of
                 Law
                 ,
                 Sibertius
                 the
                 Governor
                 of
                 
                   Aracosia
                   ,
                   Peucestes
                
                 his
                 special
                 Friend
                 .
                 For
                 Peucestes
                 sending
                 away
                 some
                 Horse
                 into
                 Aracosia
                 ,
                 had
                 secretly
                 commanded
                 Sibertius
                 to
                 intercept
                 the
                 Carriages
                 coming
                 from
                 thence
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 Eumenes
                 brought
                 him
                 into
                 that
                 eminent
                 Danger
                 ,
                 that
                 unless
                 he
                 had
                 privately
                 withdrawn
                 himself
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 knock'd
                 on
                 the
                 Head
                 by
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 By
                 this
                 piece
                 of
                 Policy
                 ,
                 having
                 terrify'd
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 advanc'd
                 his
                 own
                 Honour
                 and
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 on
                 a
                 new
                 Face
                 again
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 gain'd
                 upon
                 Peucestes
                 with
                 smooth
                 Words
                 and
                 large
                 Promises
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 became
                 both
                 kind
                 and
                 courteous
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 chearful
                 and
                 ready
                 to
                 afford
                 Aid
                 and
                 Assistance
                 to
                 the
                 Kings
                 .
                 Desiring
                 likewise
                 to
                 be
                 assur'd
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Governors
                 and
                 Captains
                 by
                 some
                 Pledges
                 ,
                 which
                 might
                 engage
                 them
                 not
                 to
                 forsake
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 pretended
                 to
                 want
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 desir'd
                 them
                 to
                 contribute
                 every
                 one
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Ability
                 to
                 the
                 Kings
                 .
              
               
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 receiving
                 Four
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 from
                 among
                 so
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Captains
                 
                 and
                 Generals
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 fit
                 ,
                 those
                 whom
                 he
                 before
                 suspected
                 of
                 Treachery
                 or
                 Desertion
                 ,
                 became
                 most
                 Faithful
                 Attendants
                 and
                 Guards
                 to
                 his
                 Person
                 ,
                 and
                 stuck
                 close
                 to
                 him
                 in
                 all
                 Encounters
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 he
                 thus
                 prudently
                 manag'd
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 providing
                 for
                 the
                 Future
                 ,
                 News
                 was
                 brought
                 by
                 some
                 who
                 came
                 out
                 of
                 Media
                 ,
                 that
                 Antigonus
                 was
                 marching
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Persia
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 he
                 mov'd
                 forward
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 meet
                 and
                 engage
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 second
                 Day
                 of
                 their
                 march
                 he
                 sacrific'd
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 plentifully
                 feasted
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 wishing
                 them
                 to
                 continue
                 Firm
                 and
                 Faithful
                 to
                 him
                 :
                 But
                 minding
                 to
                 comply
                 with
                 the
                 humour
                 of
                 his
                 Guests
                 ,
                 who
                 lov'd
                 to
                 drink
                 freely
                 ,
                 he
                 fell
                 into
                 a
                 Distemper
                 ,
                 which
                 caus'd
                 him
                 to
                 lye
                 by
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 hinder'd
                 his
                 March
                 for
                 some
                 Days
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Army
                 was
                 greatly
                 dejected
                 ,
                 to
                 consider
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 most
                 Expert
                 and
                 Bravest
                 Commander
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Generals
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 now
                 Sick
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 time
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 thought
                 )
                 they
                 were
                 even
                 ready
                 to
                 fight
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 his
                 Distemper
                 abating
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 having
                 recover'd
                 himself
                 ,
                 he
                 pursu'd
                 
                 his
                 March
                 ,
                 Peucestes
                 and
                 Antigenes
                 leading
                 the
                 Van
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 in
                 a
                 Litter
                 follow'd
                 after
                 with
                 the
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 to
                 prevent
                 disturbance
                 by
                 the
                 Croud
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Inconveniency
                 by
                 the
                 straightness
                 of
                 the
                 Places
                 they
                 were
                 to
                 pass
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 two
                 Armies
                 were
                 within
                 a
                 days
                 march
                 one
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Scouts
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 brought
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 their
                 approach
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 numbers
                 they
                 were
                 ,
                 and
                 ways
                 
                 they
                 took
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 each
                 Party
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 Battel
                 :
                 But
                 at
                 length
                 they
                 parted
                 without
                 fighting
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 River
                 and
                 a
                 deep
                 Trench
                 between
                 the
                 two
                 Armies
                 .
                 Both
                 indeed
                 were
                 drawn
                 forth
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Badness
                 of
                 the
                 Ground
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 come
                 to
                 fight
                 :
                 Wherefore
                 ,
                 drawing
                 off
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 three
                 Furlongs
                 space
                 ,
                 they
                 
                 spent
                 four
                 Days
                 in
                 light
                 Skirmishes
                 ,
                 and
                 foraging
                 the
                 Country
                 thereabouts
                 ,
                 being
                 pinched
                 with
                 want
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 .
                 The
                 fifth
                 day
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 Agents
                 ,
                 again
                 sollicited
                 the
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 and
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 to
                 desert
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 and
                 commit
                 themselves
                 to
                 his
                 Protection
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 promis'd
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 leave
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 their
                 own
                 several
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 bestow
                 large
                 Territories
                 upon
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 he
                 would
                 send
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 loaden
                 with
                 Honours
                 and
                 great
                 Rewards
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 willing
                 still
                 to
                 bear
                 Arms
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 give
                 them
                 Places
                 and
                 Posts
                 in
                 the
                 
                 Army
                 suitable
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Circumstances
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 would
                 not
                 harken
                 to
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 these
                 Terms
                 ,
                 but
                 sent
                 away
                 the
                 Messengers
                 with
                 great
                 Indignation
                 and
                 Threats
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 Eumenes
                 came
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 them
                 Thanks
                 ,
                 with
                 Commendations
                 of
                 their
                 Fidelity
                 ,
                 and
                 told
                 them
                 an
                 old
                 Story
                 ,
                 but
                 very
                 pat
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 Occasion
                 ;
                 That
                 a
                 Lion
                 falling
                 in
                 Love
                 with
                 a
                 young
                 Lady
                 ,
                 treated
                 with
                 her
                 Father
                 to
                 
                 bestow
                 her
                 upon
                 him
                 in
                 Marriage
                 ;
                 who
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 was
                 very
                 willing
                 to
                 give
                 the
                 young
                 Woman
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Wife
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 afraid
                 of
                 his
                 Claws
                 and
                 Teeth
                 ,
                 lest
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 marry'd
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 his
                 Kind
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 devour
                 the
                 poor
                 Girl
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 the
                 Lion
                 beat
                 out
                 his
                 Teeth
                 ,
                 and
                 tore
                 off
                 his
                 Claws
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Father
                 perceiving
                 that
                 now
                 he
                 had
                 lost
                 whatever
                 before
                 made
                 him
                 formidable
                 ,
                 fell
                 upon
                 him
                 and
                 easily
                 cudgell'd
                 him
                 to
                 Death
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 now
                 Antigonus
                 was
                 acting
                 a
                 Part
                 not
                 much
                 unlike
                 to
                 this
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 courted
                 them
                 with
                 fair
                 Promises
                 ,
                 till
                 such
                 time
                 as
                 he
                 can
                 get
                 the
                 Army
                 into
                 his
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 he
                 'll
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 cut
                 the
                 Throats
                 of
                 the
                 Commanders
                 .
                 This
                 fine
                 Story
                 thus
                 handsomely
                 told
                 ,
                 was
                 highly
                 applauded
                 by
                 the
                 Army
                 ;
                 and
                 hereupon
                 he
                 dismiss'd
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 next
                 Night
                 some
                 Deserters
                 from
                 Antigonus
                 came
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 Intelligence
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 order'd
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 march
                 at
                 the
                 second
                 Watch.
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 Eumenes
                 upon
                 serious
                 
                 Thoughts
                 ,
                 and
                 musing
                 of
                 what
                 his
                 Designs
                 might
                 be
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 hit
                 upon
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 the
                 Matter
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 purpose
                 was
                 to
                 march
                 to
                 Gabene
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 a
                 Country
                 three
                 days
                 march
                 distant
                 ,
                 then
                 untouch'd
                 ,
                 abounding
                 in
                 Corn
                 and
                 Forage
                 ,
                 sufficient
                 to
                 supply
                 the
                 greatest
                 Army
                 plentifully
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Provision
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 Place
                 of
                 great
                 advantage
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 Rivers
                 and
                 deep
                 Gutters
                 that
                 were
                 unpassable
                 .
                 Contriving
                 therefore
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 in
                 execution
                 the
                 like
                 project
                 ;
                 and
                 sent
                 away
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 (
                 whom
                 he
                 hir'd
                 for
                 Money
                 )
                 under
                 colour
                 of
                 Run-aways
                 ,
                 with
                 order
                 to
                 inform
                 Antigonus
                 that
                 Eumenes
                 would
                 fall
                 upon
                 his
                 Camp
                 that
                 Night
                 .
                 But
                 Eumenes
                 himself
                 sent
                 away
                 the
                 Carriages
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 eat
                 their
                 Suppers
                 and
                 march
                 :
                 All
                 which
                 was
                 presently
                 dispatch'd
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Intelligence
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 the
                 Deserters
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 fight
                 the
                 Enemy
                 that
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 put
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 his
                 march
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 his
                 Army
                 in
                 order
                 of
                 Battel
                 .
              
               
                 During
                 which
                 hurry
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 and
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 preparing
                 to
                 meet
                 his
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 Eumenes
                 stole
                 away
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 and
                 made
                 towards
                 Gabene
                 before
                 .
                 Antigonus
                 for
                 some
                 
                 time
                 waited
                 with
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 at
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 but
                 receiving
                 Intelligence
                 by
                 his
                 Scouts
                 ,
                 that
                 Eumenes
                 his
                 Army
                 was
                 gone
                 ,
                 he
                 perceiv'd
                 a
                 Trick
                 was
                 put
                 upon
                 him
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 on
                 with
                 what
                 he
                 before
                 design'd
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 giving
                 the
                 Word
                 of
                 Command
                 to
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 march
                 ,
                 he
                 posted
                 away
                 with
                 that
                 haste
                 and
                 speed
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 in
                 a
                 Pursuit
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 understood
                 that
                 Eumenes
                 was
                 got
                 
                 six
                 Hours
                 march
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 
                 perceiving
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 at
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 distance
                 to
                 overtake
                 him
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 contriv'd
                 as
                 follows
                 ;
                 he
                 deliver'd
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 to
                 Pitho
                 ,
                 willing
                 him
                 to
                 come
                 softly
                 after
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 posted
                 away
                 with
                 the
                 Horse
                 :
                 About
                 spring
                 of
                 Day
                 he
                 came
                 up
                 even
                 with
                 the
                 Rear
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Army
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 marching
                 down
                 a
                 Hill
                 ;
                 upon
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 the
                 Mountain
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 Halt
                 ,
                 and
                 presented
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 View
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
              
               
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 at
                 a
                 convenient
                 Distance
                 ,
                 seeing
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Horse
                 ,
                 conceiv'd
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 was
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 made
                 a
                 Stand
                 ;
                 and
                 drew
                 up
                 his
                 Men
                 in
                 order
                 of
                 Battel
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 forthwith
                 Engage
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 manner
                 these
                 two
                 Generals
                 put
                 Tricks
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 striving
                 which
                 should
                 out-wit
                 one
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 hereby
                 shewing
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 their
                 hopes
                 of
                 Victory
                 lay
                 and
                 were
                 grounded
                 upon
                 their
                 own
                 Stratagems
                 .
              
               
                 By
                 this
                 means
                 therefore
                 ,
                 Antigonus
                 put
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 march
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 time
                 for
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 come
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 which
                 at
                 length
                 joining
                 with
                 him
                 he
                 drew
                 up
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 that
                 order
                 march'd
                 down
                 the
                 Hill
                 in
                 a
                 terrible
                 manner
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 (
                 with
                 those
                 brought
                 in
                 by
                 Pitho
                 and
                 Selencus
                 )
                 amounted
                 to
                 above
                 Eight
                 and
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 Sixty
                 
                 
                 five
                 Elephants
                 .
                 Both
                 the
                 Generals
                 rang'd
                 their
                 Armies
                 in
                 an
                 Array
                 that
                 was
                 strange
                 and
                 unusual
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 strove
                 which
                 should
                 excell
                 each
                 other
                 even
                 in
                 this
                 piece
                 of
                 Art
                 also
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Left
                 Wing
                 Eumenes
                 plac'd
                 Eudamus
                 the
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 Elephants
                 from
                 India
                 ,
                 who
                 
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 Horse
                 :
                 In
                 Front
                 of
                 these
                 were
                 drawn
                 up
                 Two
                 Squadrons
                 of
                 choice
                 Horse
                 arm'd
                 with
                 Launces
                 ,
                 Fifty
                 deep
                 ;
                 and
                 were
                 all
                 join'd
                 to
                 them
                 who
                 were
                 plac'd
                 upon
                 the
                 rising
                 Ground
                 near
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 the
                 Mountain
                 .
                 Next
                 to
                 them
                 was
                 drawn
                 up
                 Stafandrus
                 ,
                 with
                 Nine
                 hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Horse
                 .
                 After
                 these
                 ,
                 he
                 order'd
                 Amph●machus
                 Lord-Lieutenant
                 of
                 Mesopotamia
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 Six
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 .
                 Next
                 to
                 them
                 were
                 drawn
                 up
                 the
                 Horse
                 from
                 Arachosia
                 ,
                 lately
                 commanded
                 by
                 Sibycitus
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 reason
                 he
                 was
                 then
                 fled
                 ,
                 the
                 Command
                 was
                 given
                 to
                 Cephalus
                 .
                 Close
                 to
                 these
                 were
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 from
                 Paropamisada
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 Thracians
                 from
                 the
                 upper
                 Colonies
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Van
                 of
                 all
                 these
                 stood
                 Five
                 and
                 forty
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 drawn
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 Half-Moon
                 ,
                 lin'd
                 with
                 so
                 many
                 Archers
                 and
                 Slingers
                 as
                 was
                 thought
                 fit
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 he
                 drew
                 up
                 his
                 main
                 Body
                 of
                 Foot
                 in
                 a
                 Phalanx
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 :
                 At
                 the
                 farthest
                 Point
                 were
                 plac'd
                 above
                 Six
                 thousand
                 Foreign
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 then
                 five
                 Thousand
                 out
                 of
                 several
                 Countries
                 arm'd
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ;
                 after
                 these
                 were
                 drawn
                 up
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Argyraspides
                 ,
                 but
                 Men
                 never
                 conquer'd
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 their
                 Valour
                 dreaded
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 And
                 lastly
                 ,
                 after
                 all
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Targateers
                 of
                 the
                 Life-Guard
                 ;
                 which
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Argyraspides
                 ,
                 were
                 commanded
                 by
                 Antigenes
                 and
                 Tautamus
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 Van
                 of
                 this
                 Phalanx
                 stood
                 Forty
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 lin'd
                 with
                 light-arm'd
                 Men.
                 Next
                 to
                 the
                 Phalanx
                 in
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 he
                 drew
                 up
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 of
                 Carmanian
                 Horse
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Tlepolimus
                 the
                 Governor
                 of
                 that
                 Province
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 them
                 Nine
                 hundred
                 who
                 were
                 call'd
                 Companions
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 Squadron
                 of
                 Antigines
                 and
                 Peucestes
                 ,
                 being
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Men
                 in
                 one
                 Troop
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 utmost
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Wing
                 was
                 plac'd
                 Eumenes
                 his
                 own
                 Regiment
                 ,
                 consisting
                 of
                 as
                 many
                 Horse
                 ;
                 and
                 before
                 these
                 was
                 a
                 Forlorn-Hope
                 made
                 up
                 of
                 Eumenes
                 his
                 Servants
                 ,
                 plac'd
                 in
                 two
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 consisting
                 of
                 Fifty
                 Horse
                 apiece
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 likewise
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 drawn
                 up
                 into
                 Four
                 Squadrons
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 plac'd
                 in
                 the
                 Flank
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 from
                 the
                 main
                 Wing
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Guard
                 to
                 that
                 part
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 all
                 these
                 ,
                 he
                 plac'd
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 cull'd
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Provinces
                 for
                 strength
                 and
                 speed
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Guard
                 to
                 the
                 Rear
                 of
                 his
                 Squadron
                 :
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 Van
                 of
                 this
                 Wing
                 thus
                 array'd
                 ,
                 were
                 plac'd
                 Forty
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 better
                 Defence
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 .
                 Eumenes
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 amounted
                 to
                 Five
                 and
                 thirty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 Six
                 thousand
                 and
                 one
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 One
                 hundred
                 and
                 fourteen
                 Elephants
                 .
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 observing
                 from
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 the
                 Hills
                 how
                 the
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 drawn
                 up
                 ,
                 drew
                 up
                 his
                 likewise
                 so
                 as
                 might
                 be
                 most
                 convenient
                 to
                 the
                 present
                 Circumstances
                 .
                 
                 For
                 taking
                 notice
                 that
                 his
                 Enemy's
                 Right
                 Wing
                 was
                 very
                 strongly
                 guarded
                 with
                 Horse
                 and
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 he
                 fronted
                 them
                 with
                 the
                 choicest
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Horse
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 in
                 small
                 Parties
                 at
                 a
                 considerable
                 distance
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 might
                 Charge
                 in
                 manner
                 of
                 a
                 Running
                 Fight
                 ,
                 wheeling
                 off
                 one
                 after
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 still
                 renew
                 the
                 Fight
                 by
                 fresh
                 Men.
                 And
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 ,
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Army
                 ,
                 wherein
                 they
                 plac'd
                 their
                 greatest
                 Confidence
                 ,
                 was
                 wholly
                 eluded
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 this
                 Phalanx
                 he
                 had
                 plac'd
                 about
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Archers
                 and
                 Launceteers
                 on
                 Horseback
                 out
                 of
                 Media
                 and
                 Armenia
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 ever
                 been
                 us'd
                 to
                 this
                 way
                 of
                 Charging
                 by
                 Turns
                 .
                 Next
                 to
                 them
                 were
                 drawn
                 up
                 Two
                 thousand
                 and
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Tarentines
                 ,
                 who
                 came
                 up
                 with
                 him
                 from
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 Men
                 very
                 expert
                 in
                 laying
                 Ambuscades
                 ,
                 and
                 contriving
                 other
                 Stratagems
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 Respect
                 and
                 Kindness
                 for
                 him
                 :
                 A
                 Thousand
                 likewise
                 out
                 of
                 Phrygia
                 and
                 Lydia
                 ;
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Pitho
                 ;
                 and
                 Four
                 hundred
                 Spear-Men
                 led
                 by
                 Lysanias
                 .
                 After
                 all
                 these
                 follow'd
                 those
                 call'd
                 the
                 *
                 Anthippi
                 ,
                 and
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 higher
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 .
                 And
                 of
                 this
                 Body
                 of
                 Horse
                 was
                 the
                 Left
                 Wing
                 compleated
                 and
                 made
                 up
                 ,
                 all
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Pitho
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 main
                 Battel
                 ,
                 of
                 Foot
                 were
                 plac'd
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 Nine
                 thousand
                 Foreigners
                 ;
                 next
                 to
                 them
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Lycians
                 and
                 Pamphilians
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 out
                 of
                 divers
                 Nations
                 ,
                 Arm'd
                 after
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 manner
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Rear
                 were
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 ,
                 which
                 Antipater
                 had
                 formerly
                 sent
                 as
                 Recruits
                 when
                 he
                 took
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 of
                 Horse
                 ,
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 Right
                 of
                 the
                 Phalanx
                 of
                 Foot
                 ,
                 were
                 first
                 plac'd
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Mercena●ies
                 ;
                 next
                 to
                 them
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Thracians
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 Confederates
                 ;
                 and
                 close
                 after
                 them
                 were
                 a
                 Thousand
                 call'd
                 Companions
                 .
                 These
                 were
                 all
                 commanded
                 by
                 Demetrius
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 time
                 he
                 appear'd
                 in
                 Arms
                 to
                 assist
                 his
                 Father
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 utmost
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Wing
                 were
                 plac'd
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 Antigonus
                 himself
                 engag'd
                 .
                 This
                 Squadron
                 consisted
                 of
                 Three
                 Troops
                 of
                 his
                 Servants
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 of
                 
                 thers
                 ,
                 drawn
                 up
                 in
                 equal
                 Distances
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 supported
                 by
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Tarentines
                 .
                 Round
                 this
                 Wing
                 were
                 plac'd
                 Thirty
                 of
                 the
                 strongest
                 of
                 his
                 Elephants
                 in
                 form
                 of
                 an
                 Half-Moon
                 ,
                 interlin'd
                 with
                 light-arm'd
                 Men
                 :
                 Many
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 Elephants
                 he
                 plac'd
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 of
                 the
                 Phalanx
                 of
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 few
                 with
                 some
                 Horse
                 in
                 the
                 Flank
                 on
                 the
                 Left.
                 The
                 Army
                 array'd
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 down
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 in
                 an
                 oblique
                 Battel
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 order'd
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 to
                 be
                 stretch'd
                 out
                 far
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Left
                 to
                 be
                 much
                 contracted
                 ,
                 designing
                 with
                 this
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Running
                 Fight
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Engage
                 Hand
                 to
                 Hand
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Armies
                 drew
                 near
                 one
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 Signal
                 of
                 Battel
                 being
                 given
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 Shouts
                 eccho'd
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Trumpets
                 sounded
                 a
                 Charge
                 .
                 And
                 first
                 the
                 Horse
                 with
                 Pitho
                 fellon
                 ,
                 although
                 they
                 had
                 no
                 Forlorn
                 either
                 of
                 Men
                 or
                 Elephants
                 
                 for
                 a
                 firm
                 Defence
                 ,
                 yet
                 overpowering
                 the
                 Enemy
                 in
                 Number
                 and
                 Swiftness
                 ,
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 that
                 Advantage
                 :
                 But
                 looking
                 upon
                 it
                 not
                 safe
                 to
                 encounter
                 the
                 Elephants
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 ,
                 
                 they
                 wheel'd
                 about
                 ,
                 and
                 pour'd
                 in
                 showers
                 of
                 Shot
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 in
                 the
                 Flank
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 little
                 or
                 no
                 Prejudice
                 to
                 themselves
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 speed
                 ,
                 and
                 nimbleness
                 of
                 their
                 Horses
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 forely
                 gall'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 neither
                 able
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Assailants
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Weight
                 of
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 nor
                 in
                 a
                 Capacity
                 to
                 avoid
                 them
                 as
                 Occasion
                 requir'd
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 Eumenes
                 seeing
                 how
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 was
                 distressed
                 by
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 Archers
                 on
                 Horseback
                 ,
                 sent
                 for
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 swiftest
                 Horse
                 from
                 Eudamus
                 ,
                 who
                 commanded
                 the
                 Left
                 Wing
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 Body
                 of
                 Horse
                 brought
                 in
                 from
                 the
                 other
                 Wing
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 it
                 were
                 but
                 small
                 )
                 he
                 made
                 so
                 fierce
                 a
                 Charge
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 being
                 seconded
                 by
                 his
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 easily
                 put
                 the
                 Pithonians
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 and
                 pursued
                 them
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 while
                 the
                 Foot
                 fought
                 stoutly
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 together
                 ;
                 at
                 length
                 ,
                 after
                 many
                 falling
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 the
                 Eumenians
                 routed
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Silver
                 Shields
                 .
                 For
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 now
                 very
                 old
                 ,
                 yet
                 by
                 frequent
                 use
                 of
                 their
                 Arms
                 in
                 many
                 Battels
                 ,
                 they
                 so
                 excell'd
                 all
                 others
                 ,
                 both
                 as
                 to
                 Courage
                 and
                 Skill
                 in
                 their
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 stand
                 before
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 at
                 this
                 very
                 time
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 only
                 Three
                 thousand
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 very
                 Strength
                 and
                 Support
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Antigonus
                 perceiv'd
                 that
                 his
                 Left
                 Wing
                 was
                 routed
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 *
                 Phalanx
                 put
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 advis'd
                 (
                 being
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 with
                 him
                 was
                 yet
                 intire
                 )
                 to
                 retreat
                 to
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 and
                 receive
                 in
                 again
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 fled
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 hear
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 prudently
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 Opportunity
                 ,
                 both
                 sav'd
                 his
                 own
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 likewise
                 the
                 Advantage
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 the
                 Argyraspides
                 ,
                 with
                 Eumenes
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Foot
                 ,
                 having
                 put
                 the
                 Enemy
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 continu'd
                 their
                 Pursuit
                 to
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 through
                 an
                 open
                 Passage
                 made
                 into
                 the
                 Enemies
                 main
                 Body
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Party
                 of
                 Horse
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Flank
                 of
                 Eudamus
                 his
                 Regiments
                 which
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Left
                 Wing
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 Charge
                 put
                 them
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 the
                 slaughter
                 of
                 Multitudes
                 ,
                 sent
                 away
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 swiftest
                 of
                 his
                 Horse
                 to
                 recall
                 his
                 own
                 Men
                 that
                 were
                 before
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 caus'd
                 them
                 to
                 rally
                 at
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 .
                 And
                 Eumenes
                 also
                 perceiving
                 the
                 flight
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 hasten'd
                 to
                 the
                 Relief
                 of
                 Eudamus
                 ,
                 and
                 recall'd
                 by
                 sound
                 of
                 Trumpet
                 those
                 of
                 his
                 that
                 fled
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Stars
                 began
                 to
                 appear
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Generals
                 having
                 recall'd
                 their
                 flying
                 Men
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 Fight
                 afresh
                 ;
                 such
                 was
                 the
                 Heat
                 and
                 Vigour
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Officers
                 and
                 Common
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 The
                 Night
                 was
                 very
                 clear
                 and
                 serene
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Moon
                 at
                 Full
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Armies
                 being
                 about
                 Four
                 Acres
                 distant
                 one
                 over-against
                 another
                 ,
                 the
                 clattering
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 neighing
                 of
                 Horses
                 ,
                 seem'd
                 
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 one
                 another
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 now
                 Midnight
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 drawn
                 off
                 about
                 Thirty
                 Furlongs
                 from
                 the
                 Place
                 of
                 Battel
                 where
                 the
                 Dead
                 lay
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Troublesomness
                 of
                 the
                 March
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Toils
                 and
                 Grievances
                 of
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 want
                 likewise
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 both
                 sides
                 were
                 but
                 in
                 an
                 ill
                 Condition
                 :
                 Therefore
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 leave
                 off
                 fighting
                 ,
                 and
                 encamp
                 .
                 Eumenes
                 had
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 have
                 march'd
                 back
                 to
                 the
                 Slain
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 have
                 bury'd
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 sign
                 of
                 his
                 being
                 absolute
                 Victor
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Army
                 refus'd
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 were
                 instant
                 with
                 loud
                 Cries
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 their
                 Carriages
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 then
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 submit
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 there
                 were
                 so
                 many
                 that
                 affected
                 the
                 chief
                 Command
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 no
                 Power
                 to
                 move
                 the
                 Army
                 by
                 Threats
                 ,
                 nor
                 saw
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 any
                 convenient
                 opportunity
                 to
                 gain
                 upon
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 Obstinate
                 by
                 Arguments
                 and
                 Intreaties
                 .
                 But
                 Antigonus
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 was
                 an
                 Absolute
                 General
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 dependance
                 upon
                 the
                 Popularity
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 therefore
                 forc'd
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 encamp
                 near
                 the
                 Dead
                 Bodies
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 gaining
                 
                 the
                 Priviledge
                 of
                 burying
                 the
                 Dead
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 a
                 Doubt
                 who
                 was
                 Victorious
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   he
                   who
                   had
                   Power
                   to
                   bury
                   his
                   Dead
                   ,
                   was
                   ever
                   to
                   be
                   esteem'd
                   Conqueror
                   of
                   the
                   Field
                   .
                
              
               
                 In
                 this
                 Battel
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 kill'd
                 on
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 side
                 Three
                 thousand
                 and
                 Seven
                 hundred
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Fifty
                 four
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 Four
                 thousand
                 wounded
                 .
                 On
                 Eumenes
                 his
                 Party
                 were
                 slain
                 Five
                 hundred
                 and
                 Forty
                 Foot
                 ,
                 but
                 very
                 few
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 Nine
                 hundred
                 hurt
                 .
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Battel
                 was
                 over
                 ,
                 perceiving
                 that
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 very
                 low
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 hast
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 to
                 remove
                 far
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Camp
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 that
                 his
                 Forces
                 might
                 march
                 the
                 more
                 readily
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 away
                 the
                 wounded
                 Men
                 and
                 heavy
                 Baggage
                 to
                 a
                 Town
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 .
                 Then
                 having
                 bury'd
                 the
                 Dead
                 ,
                 about
                 Break
                 of
                 Day
                 ,
                 (
                 detaining
                 with
                 him
                 the
                 Herald
                 that
                 was
                 sent
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 to
                 beg
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 ,
                 )
                 even
                 at
                 that
                 very
                 Hour
                 he
                 commanded
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 dine
                 .
                 At
                 Night
                 he
                 discharg'd
                 the
                 Herald
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 Leave
                 to
                 come
                 and
                 bury
                 the
                 Dead
                 the
                 next
                 day
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 presently
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 Watch
                 of
                 the
                 night
                 mov'd
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 continu'd
                 and
                 long
                 Marches
                 ,
                 got
                 a
                 long
                 way
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 Enemy
                 to
                 a
                 Country
                 untouch'd
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 had
                 plenty
                 of
                 Provision
                 for
                 the
                 refreshing
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 march'd
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 Gamarga
                 in
                 Media
                 ,
                 a
                 Country
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Pitho
                 ,
                 abounding
                 in
                 all
                 Things
                 for
                 the
                 maintaining
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Armies
                 .
                 Eumenes
                 having
                 Intelligence
                 
                 by
                 his
                 Scouts
                 that
                 Antigonus
                 was
                 gone
                 ,
                 would
                 not
                 follow
                 after
                 him
                 ,
                 both
                 because
                 his
                 Army
                 was
                 in
                 want
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 other
                 ill
                 Circumstances
                 ,
                 as
                 likewise
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 desire
                 to
                 inter
                 his
                 Dead
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 solemn
                 manner
                 he
                 possibly
                 could
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 which
                 occasion
                 ,
                 here
                 sell
                 out
                 a
                 strange
                 Accident
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 very
                 unusual
                 and
                 dissonant
                 from
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 :
                 For
                 there
                 was
                 one
                 Ceteus
                 ,
                 who
                 commanded
                 them
                 
                 that
                 came
                 out
                 of
                 India
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 with
                 great
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 but
                 di'd
                 in
                 this
                 Battel
                 :
                 He
                 left
                 two
                 Wives
                 behind
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 follow'd
                 him
                 all
                 along
                 during
                 the
                 Campagne
                 :
                 One
                 he
                 had
                 but
                 lately
                 marry'd
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 had
                 been
                 his
                 Wife
                 for
                 some
                 years
                 before
                 ;
                 and
                 both
                 lov'd
                 their
                 Husband
                 exceedingly
                 .
                 It
                 had
                 been
                 an
                 ancient
                 Custom
                 in
                 India
                 ,
                 for
                 Men
                 and
                 Women
                 to
                 marry
                 themselves
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 mutual
                 Liking
                 ,
                 without
                 consulting
                 the
                 Advice
                 of
                 their
                 Parents
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 regard
                 that
                 in
                 those
                 former
                 times
                 young
                 People
                 would
                 rashly
                 marry
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 often
                 repent
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 deceiv'd
                 in
                 their
                 Choice
                 ;
                 many
                 Wives
                 were
                 corrupted
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 their
                 inordinate
                 Lusts
                 fell
                 in
                 Love
                 with
                 other
                 Men
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 with
                 their
                 Credit
                 and
                 Reputation
                 leave
                 them
                 they
                 first
                 chose
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 often
                 poison
                 their
                 Husbands
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 more
                 ready
                 effecting
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Country
                 did
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 contribute
                 ,
                 by
                 bearing
                 many
                 and
                 divers
                 sorts
                 of
                 Poisonous
                 Plants
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 never
                 so
                 little
                 bruis'd
                 either
                 in
                 Meat
                 or
                 Drink
                 ,
                 do
                 certainly
                 kill
                 the
                 Party
                 .
                 This
                 wicked
                 Art
                 growing
                 still
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 to
                 Perfection
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 being
                 destroy'd
                 by
                 this
                 Means
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 several
                 were
                 punish'd
                 for
                 these
                 Pieces
                 of
                 Villany
                 ,
                 yet
                 other
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 reclaim'd
                 ,
                 nor
                 restrain'd
                 from
                 the
                 like
                 Practices
                 ;
                 another
                 Law
                 therefore
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   Wives
                   should
                   be
                   burnt
                   together
                   with
                   their
                   dead
                   Husbands
                   ,
                   except
                   they
                   were
                   with
                   Child
                   ,
                   or
                   had
                   born
                   Children
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   she
                   who
                   would
                   not
                   observe
                   the
                   Common
                   Law
                   of
                   the
                   Land
                   ,
                   should
                   remain
                   a
                   Widow
                   ,
                   and
                   ,
                   as
                   one
                   convicted
                   of
                   that
                   Impiety
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   excluded
                   from
                   all
                   sacred
                   Rites
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   other
                   Benefit
                   and
                   Privilege
                   of
                   the
                   Laws
                   .
                
                 This
                 being
                 thus
                 establish'd
                 ,
                 hence-forward
                 this
                 Wickedness
                 of
                 the
                 Wives
                 was
                 chang'd
                 into
                 a
                 contrary
                 
                 Practice
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 that
                 every
                 Wife
                 ,
                 to
                 avoid
                 that
                 insufferable
                 Disgrace
                 ,
                 was
                 voluntarily
                 to
                 Die
                 ,
                 they
                 became
                 not
                 only
                 careful
                 to
                 preserve
                 the
                 Health
                 ,
                 and
                 provide
                 for
                 the
                 Well-being
                 of
                 their
                 Husbands
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 likewise
                 their
                 own
                 Preservation
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Wives
                 strove
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 as
                 who
                 should
                 gain
                 the
                 highest
                 pitch
                 of
                 Honour
                 and
                 Reputation
                 .
                 An
                 Example
                 of
                 which
                 sell
                 out
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
                 For
                 although
                 by
                 the
                 Law
                 one
                 only
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 burnt
                 with
                 the
                 Husband
                 ,
                 yet
                 at
                 the
                 Funeral
                 of
                 Cetius
                 ,
                 both
                 strove
                 which
                 should
                 die
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 some
                 Honourable
                 Reward
                 of
                 their
                 Virtue
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Matter
                 was
                 brought
                 before
                 the
                 Generals
                 for
                 their
                 Decision
                 .
                 The
                 Younger
                 declar'd
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 other
                 was
                 with
                 Child
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 her
                 Death
                 could
                 not
                 satisfy
                 the
                 Law
                 :
                 The
                 Elder
                 pleaded
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 greater
                 Piece
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 who
                 was
                 before
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 Years
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 preferr'd
                 before
                 her
                 in
                 Honour
                 :
                 For
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 Cases
                 ,
                 the
                 constant
                 Rule
                 is
                 to
                 yield
                 more
                 Honour
                 and
                 Respect
                 to
                 the
                 Elder
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 the
                 Younger
                 .
                 The
                 Captains
                 being
                 inform'd
                 by
                 the
                 Midwives
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Elder
                 was
                 with
                 Child
                 ,
                 preferr'd
                 the
                 Younger
                 before
                 the
                 other
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 she
                 lost
                 her
                 Cause
                 ,
                 went
                 out
                 weeping
                 and
                 wailing
                 ,
                 renting
                 her
                 Vail
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 and
                 tearing
                 her
                 Hair
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 some
                 sad
                 and
                 dreadful
                 News
                 had
                 been
                 told
                 her
                 :
                 The
                 other
                 rejoicing
                 in
                 the
                 Victory
                 ,
                 made
                 forthwith
                 to
                 the
                 Funeral
                 Pile
                 crown'd
                 by
                 the
                 Women
                 of
                 her
                 House
                 with
                 Attires
                 call'd
                 *
                 Mitres
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 her
                 Kindred
                 brought
                 forth
                 
                 most
                 richly
                 adorn'd
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 some
                 Nuptial
                 Festival
                 ,
                 setting
                 forth
                 her
                 Praises
                 all
                 along
                 as
                 they
                 went
                 ,
                 in
                 Songs
                 fitted
                 for
                 that
                 occasion
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 she
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Pile
                 she
                 threw
                 off
                 her
                 Attire
                 ,
                 and
                 distributed
                 them
                 amongst
                 
                 her
                 Servants
                 and
                 Friends
                 ,
                 leaving
                 these
                 behind
                 her
                 ,
                 as
                 tokens
                 of
                 Remembrances
                 for
                 them
                 that
                 loved
                 her
                 .
                 Her
                 Attire
                 was
                 multitudes
                 of
                 Rings
                 upon
                 her
                 Fingers
                 ,
                 set
                 with
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 precious
                 Stones
                 of
                 divers
                 Colours
                 .
                 Upon
                 her
                 Head
                 were
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 little
                 Golden
                 Stars
                 ,
                 between
                 which
                 were
                 plac'd
                 sparkling
                 Stones
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 .
                 About
                 her
                 Neck
                 she
                 wore
                 abundance
                 of
                 Jewels
                 ,
                 some
                 small
                 ,
                 others
                 large
                 ;
                 increasing
                 by
                 degrees
                 in
                 bigness
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 put
                 on
                 one
                 after
                 another
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 she
                 took
                 leave
                 of
                 all
                 her
                 Family
                 and
                 Servants
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 her
                 Brother
                 plac'd
                 her
                 upon
                 the
                 Pile
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 Admiration
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 (
                 who
                 flock'd
                 thither
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Sight
                 )
                 with
                 an
                 Heroick
                 Courage
                 she
                 there
                 ended
                 her
                 Life
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 whole
                 Army
                 solemnly
                 in
                 their
                 Arms
                 march'd
                 thrice
                 round
                 the
                 Pile
                 before
                 it
                 was
                 kindled
                 :
                 She
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 (
                 disposing
                 of
                 her self
                 towards
                 her
                 Husband's
                 Body
                 ,
                 )
                 discover'd
                 not
                 by
                 any
                 Screeks
                 or
                 otherwise
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 was
                 at
                 all
                 daunted
                 at
                 the
                 Noise
                 of
                 the
                 Crackling
                 Flames
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Spectators
                 were
                 affected
                 some
                 with
                 Pity
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 with
                 Admiration
                 ,
                 and
                 extraordinary
                 Commendation
                 of
                 her
                 Resolution
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 who
                 condemn
                 this
                 Law
                 as
                 Cruel
                 and
                 Inhumane
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 Funeral
                 was
                 over
                 ,
                 Eumenes
                 march'd
                 from
                 Patetacine
                 to
                 Gabiene
                 ,
                 which
                 being
                 
                 yet
                 untouch'd
                 ,
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 condition
                 to
                 supply
                 the
                 Army
                 with
                 all
                 Things
                 necessary
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 distant
                 from
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 Army
                 (
                 going
                 through
                 the
                 Countries
                 inhabited
                 )
                 Five
                 and
                 twenty
                 Days
                 Journey
                 ;
                 but
                 passing
                 through
                 the
                 Desarts
                 ,
                 (
                 where
                 there
                 's
                 no
                 Water
                 ,
                 )
                 't
                 is
                 but
                 Nine
                 Days
                 Journey
                 :
                 Being
                 thus
                 far
                 distant
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 he
                 there
                 winter'd
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 gave
                 his
                 Army
                 time
                 to
                 refresh
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 
                   Europe
                   ,
                   Cassander
                
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 lay
                 at
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Tegea
                 ,
                 hearing
                 of
                 
                 the
                 return
                 of
                 Olympias
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Eurydice
                 and
                 King
                 Philip
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 to
                 the
                 Sepulchre
                 of
                 Jollas
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 agreed
                 with
                 the
                 Taegeans
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 leaving
                 his
                 Consederates
                 in
                 great
                 Trouble
                 and
                 Perplexity
                 .
                 For
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Polysperchon
                 was
                 then
                 entred
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 and
                 ready
                 
                 to
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Cities
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 to
                 ingratiate
                 themselves
                 with
                 Olympias
                 and
                 Polsyperchon
                 ,
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 the
                 straight
                 Passes
                 at
                 Pylas
                 ,
                 and
                 block'd
                 up
                 the
                 Passage
                 to
                 stop
                 Cassander
                 in
                 his
                 march
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 perceiving
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 very
                 difficult
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 force
                 his
                 way
                 through
                 those
                 narrow
                 Streights
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 some
                 Ships
                 and
                 several
                 Boats
                 out
                 of
                 Eubea
                 and
                 Locris
                 ,
                 pass'd
                 over
                 into
                 Thessaly
                 .
                 And
                 hearing
                 that
                 Polysperchon
                 lay
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 in
                 Perrhabea
                 ,
                 he
                 order'd
                 away
                 Callas
                 his
                 General
                 ,
                 with
                 some
                 Forces
                 to
                 fight
                 him
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Dinias
                 being
                 sent
                 away
                 to
                 secure
                 the
                 *
                 Streights
                 ,
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 those
                 Passes
                 before
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 Olympias
                 could
                 reach
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 Olympias
                 heard
                 that
                 Cassander
                 was
                 entring
                 Macedonia
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 she
                 created
                 Aristonous
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 fight
                 Cassander
                 .
                 She
                 her self
                 (
                 taking
                 
                 along
                 with
                 her
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Alexander
                 and
                 Roxana
                 his
                 Mother
                 ,
                 and
                 Thessalonica
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Philip
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 
                   Amyntas
                   ,
                   Deidamia
                
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Eacides
                 King
                 of
                 Epirus
                 ,
                 and
                 Sister
                 of
                 Pyrrhus
                 (
                 who
                 afterwards
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Romans
                 )
                 and
                 the
                 Daughters
                 of
                 Attalus
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Kindred
                 and
                 eminent
                 Relations
                 )
                 enter'd
                 into
                 Pydna
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 a
                 great
                 
                 throng
                 of
                 People
                 ,
                 Useless
                 and
                 Unserviceable
                 for
                 War
                 ,
                 attended
                 upon
                 her
                 :
                 Neither
                 was
                 there
                 Provision
                 in
                 that
                 Place
                 sufficient
                 for
                 such
                 a
                 Multitude
                 ,
                 to
                 hold
                 out
                 any
                 long
                 Siege
                 .
                 All
                 which
                 disadvantages
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 clear
                 Evidences
                 of
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Danger
                 ,
                 yet
                 she
                 was
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 stay
                 here
                 ,
                 expecting
                 many
                 Greeks
                 and
                 Macedonians
                 to
                 come
                 in
                 to
                 her
                 assistance
                 by
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 There
                 were
                 with
                 her
                 some
                 Horse
                 from
                 Ambracia
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Troops
                 of
                 the
                 Houshould
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 
                 Polysperchon's
                 Elephants
                 :
                 The
                 other
                 had
                 been
                 before
                 taken
                 by
                 Cassander
                 at
                 his
                 former
                 irruption
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ;
                 who
                 now
                 having
                 recover'd
                 the
                 Passes
                 at
                 Perrhebea
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 his
                 way
                 open
                 to
                 Pydna
                 ,
                 begirt
                 the
                 Town
                 round
                 with
                 a
                 Mud-wall
                 from
                 Sea
                 to
                 Sea
                 ;
                 and
                 sent
                 for
                 Shipping
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Weapons
                 and
                 Engines
                 of
                 Battery
                 from
                 his
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 block
                 up
                 Olympius
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 
                 Land.
                 
              
               
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 Intelligence
                 that
                 Eacides
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Epirus
                 ,
                 was
                 coming
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Army
                 to
                 the
                 Relief
                 of
                 Olympias
                 ,
                 he
                 deliver'd
                 some
                 Forces
                 to
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Atarchias
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 meet
                 the
                 Epirots
                 ,
                 who
                 presently
                 executing
                 what
                 he
                 was
                 commanded
                 ,
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Passes
                 into
                 Epirus
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 Eacides
                 was
                 wholly
                 deseated
                 in
                 his
                 Design
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 the
                 Epirots
                 were
                 forc'd
                 against
                 their
                 Wills
                 to
                 the
                 Expedi●ion
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 mutiny'd
                 in
                 the
                 Camp
                 :
                 However
                 ,
                 Eacides
                 ,
                 desirous
                 by
                 any
                 way
                 possible
                 to
                 R●heve
                 Olympias
                 ,
                 cashier'd
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 favour'd
                 not
                 his
                 Design
                 ;
                 taking
                 in
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 
                 willing
                 to
                 run
                 the
                 same
                 risk
                 with
                 himself
                 ;
                 he
                 was
                 indeed
                 very
                 forward
                 to
                 Engage
                 ,
                 but
                 had
                 not
                 yet
                 force
                 enough
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Party
                 that
                 stuck
                 to
                 him
                 was
                 very
                 small
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Epirots
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 away
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 revolted
                 from
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 People
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 common
                 Decree
                 of
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 Banish'd
                 him
                 the
                 
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 Consederated
                 with
                 Cassander
                 ;
                 like
                 to
                 which
                 never
                 before
                 hapned
                 in
                 Epirus
                 from
                 the
                 time
                 that
                 Neoptolimus
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Achilles
                 ,
                 reign'd
                 there
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ever
                 descended
                 from
                 the
                 Father
                 ,
                 by
                 Right
                 of
                 Succession
                 to
                 the
                 Son
                 ,
                 till
                 this
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Cassander
                 was
                 thus
                 supported
                 by
                 the
                 Confederacy
                 of
                 the
                 Epirots
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 sent
                 Lyciseus
                 both
                 as
                 General
                 and
                 *
                 Viceroy
                 into
                 Epirus
                 ,
                 they
                 in
                 Macedonta
                 ,
                 who
                 before
                 were
                 at
                 a
                 stand
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 should
                 Confederate
                 with
                 Olympias
                 or
                 not
                 ,
                 now
                 (
                 seeing
                 no
                 hopes
                 remaining
                 for
                 the
                 retrieving
                 her
                 Affairs
                 )
                 join'd
                 with
                 Cassander
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 now
                 the
                 only
                 Prop
                 remaining
                 to
                 rely
                 upon
                 for
                 Relief
                 was
                 Polysperchon
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 was
                 presently
                 in
                 a
                 strange
                 manner
                 shatter'd
                 and
                 broken
                 in
                 Pieces
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 Callas
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 sent
                 as
                 Geneneral
                 
                 by
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 sate
                 down
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 near
                 to
                 Polysperchon
                 in
                 Perrebia
                 ,
                 he
                 so
                 corrupted
                 most
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 with
                 large
                 Bribes
                 ,
                 that
                 very
                 few
                 remain'd
                 ,
                 especially
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 look'd
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 most
                 Faithful
                 :
                 And
                 thus
                 low
                 were
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Olympias
                 
                 sunk
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 short
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Asia
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 ;
                 Antigonus
                 then
                 Wint'ring
                 in
                 Gadamalis
                 ,
                 otherwise
                 Gaderlis
                 ,
                 looking
                 upon
                 his
                 Army
                 too
                 weak
                 for
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 contriv'd
                 how
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 them
                 unawares
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Out
                 wit
                 them
                 .
                 Eumenes
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 so
                 scatter'd
                 and
                 dispers'd
                 in
                 their
                 Winter-quarters
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 six
                 days
                 march
                 distant
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 .
                 But
                 Antigonus
                 judg'd
                 it
                 not
                 adviseable
                 to
                 march
                 through
                 the
                 Countries
                 
                 that
                 were
                 Inhabited
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Journey
                 would
                 be
                 very
                 long
                 and
                 tedious
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 presently
                 known
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 but
                 conceiv'd
                 it
                 much
                 more
                 for
                 his
                 advantage
                 to
                 lead
                 his
                 Army
                 through
                 the
                 dry
                 and
                 barren
                 Desarts
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 were
                 far
                 more
                 troublesome
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 much
                 the
                 shorter
                 Cut
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 his
                 march
                 would
                 be
                 secret
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 so
                 he
                 might
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 suddenly
                 and
                 unexpectedly
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 lay
                 dispers'd
                 and
                 scatter'd
                 in
                 their
                 Quarters
                 ,
                 never
                 dreaming
                 of
                 any
                 such
                 thing
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 these
                 Considerations
                 he
                 commanded
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 be
                 ready
                 for
                 a
                 March
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 prepare
                 for
                 themselves
                 Ten
                 Days
                 Victuals
                 *
                 such
                 as
                 need
                 not
                 the
                 Fire
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 gave
                 it
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 march
                 through
                 Armenia
                 :
                 But
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 Expectation
                 of
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 *
                 in
                 the
                 Depth
                 of
                 Winter
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 towards
                 the
                 Desarts
                 .
                 In
                 their
                 march
                 he
                 order'd
                 Fires
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 in
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 out
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 left
                 that
                 any
                 seeing
                 them
                 far
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 might
                 discover
                 his
                 approach
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Desart
                 was
                 almost
                 all
                 wholly
                 Plain
                 and
                 Champaign
                 ,
                 surrounded
                 with
                 many
                 high
                 Hills
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 it
                 was
                 easie
                 a
                 long
                 way
                 off
                 to
                 discover
                 the
                 Fires
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 Army
                 had
                 spent
                 Five
                 days
                 in
                 this
                 tedious
                 Journey
                 ,
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 for
                 very
                 Cold
                 ,
                 as
                 for
                 other
                 necessary
                 Uses
                 ,
                 fell
                 to
                 making
                 of
                 Fires
                 by
                 Night
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 by
                 Day
                 ;
                 which
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Wilderness
                 espying
                 ,
                 they
                 presently
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 day
                 sent
                 away
                 Messengers
                 upon
                 Dromedaries
                 to
                 give
                 Intelligence
                 thereof
                 to
                 Eumenes
                 and
                 Peucestes
                 .
                 This
                 Beast
                 will
                 commonly
                 run
                 *
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 Furlongs
                 a
                 Day
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Peucestes
                 being
                 inform'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Army
                 was
                 seen
                 half
                 way
                 of
                 their
                 march
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 think
                 of
                 running
                 away
                 *
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 being
                 afraid
                 the
                 Enemy
                 would
                 be
                 upon
                 him
                 before
                 he
                 could
                 get
                 the
                 Forces
                 together
                 ,
                 from
                 every
                 Quarter
                 where
                 they
                 then
                 lay
                 dispers'd
                 .
                 Eumenes
                 perceiving
                 the
                 Fright
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 ,
                 bid
                 him
                 be
                 of
                 good
                 Heart
                 ,
                 and
                 continue
                 upon
                 the
                 Edge
                 of
                 the
                 Wilderness
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 had
                 found
                 out
                 a
                 way
                 that
                 Antigonus
                 should
                 not
                 come
                 into
                 those
                 Parts
                 in
                 three
                 or
                 four
                 days
                 .
                 And
                 having
                 done
                 that
                 ,
                 they
                 
                 should
                 be
                 able
                 within
                 that
                 time
                 easily
                 to
                 get
                 all
                 their
                 Forces
                 together
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 Enemy
                 being
                 tir'd
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 starv'd
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 would
                 all
                 fall
                 into
                 their
                 hands
                 .
                 All
                 wonder'd
                 at
                 this
                 strange
                 Undertaking
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 was
                 earnest
                 to
                 learn
                 what
                 it
                 was
                 that
                 should
                 give
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Eumenes
                 hereupon
                 commanded
                 all
                 the
                 Captains
                 
                 and
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 were
                 then
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 to
                 follow
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Urns
                 full
                 of
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 chose
                 out
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Highest
                 Ground
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 which
                 look'd
                 every
                 way
                 towards
                 the
                 Wilderness
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 mark'd
                 out
                 several
                 Places
                 within
                 the
                 Compass
                 of
                 Seventy
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 and
                 allo●ted
                 to
                 every
                 Captain
                 a
                 Post
                 distant
                 about
                 Twenty
                 Cubits
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 with
                 Command
                 to
                 kindle
                 a
                 Fire
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 in
                 every
                 Place
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 Watch
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 greater
                 Fires
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 then
                 still
                 upon
                 the
                 Guard
                 ,
                 and
                 going
                 to
                 Supper
                 and
                 refreshing
                 themselves
                 ;
                 at
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Fires
                 should
                 be
                 less
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Third
                 to
                 be
                 left
                 near
                 Out
                 and
                 Extinct
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 at
                 a
                 Distance
                 it
                 might
                 seem
                 as
                 if
                 the
                 Army
                 were
                 certainly
                 there
                 Encamp'd
                 together
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Soldiers
                 observing
                 the
                 Order
                 given
                 them
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 over
                 against
                 them
                 (
                 Friends
                 to
                 Pitho
                 the
                 Governor
                 of
                 Media
                 )
                 perceiv'd
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 supposing
                 the
                 Army
                 was
                 really
                 there
                 Encamp'd
                 ,
                 ran
                 down
                 into
                 the
                 Plain
                 ,
                 and
                 inform'd
                 both
                 Pitho
                 and
                 Antigonus
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 amaz'd
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 Thunder-struck
                 at
                 
                 this
                 strange
                 and
                 unexpected
                 News
                 )
                 made
                 an
                 Halt
                 ,
                 and
                 Consulted
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 brought
                 them
                 the
                 News
                 what
                 Course
                 was
                 best
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 .
                 For
                 Men
                 that
                 were
                 tyr'd
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 in
                 want
                 of
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 was
                 necessary
                 ,
                 to
                 Engage
                 with
                 an
                 Enemy
                 prepar'd
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 plenty
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 was
                 alledg'd
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 desperate
                 and
                 hazardous
                 Adventure
                 .
                 Concluding
                 therefore
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 betray'd
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Forces
                 were
                 drawn
                 together
                 ,
                 (
                 upon
                 Intelligence
                 given
                 them
                 of
                 what
                 was
                 design'd
                 )
                 it
                 was
                 resolv'd
                 not
                 to
                 march
                 forward
                 ,
                 but
                 turn
                 aside
                 to
                 the
                 Right
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 Army
                 mov'd
                 into
                 both
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Countries
                 inhabited
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 might
                 refresh
                 themselves
                 after
                 their
                 toilsom
                 March.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Eumenes
                 having
                 by
                 this
                 Stratagem
                 thus
                 deluded
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 got
                 all
                 his
                 Army
                 together
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 their
                 Winter-Quarters
                 ,
                 and
                 fortifying
                 his
                 Camp
                 with
                 a
                 Rampire
                 and
                 a
                 deep
                 Trench
                 ,
                 he
                 there
                 receiv'd
                 his
                 Confederates
                 as
                 come
                 in
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 plentifully
                 furnish'd
                 his
                 Camp
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 march'd
                 through
                 the
                 Desert
                 ,
                 receiving
                 Intelligence
                 from
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 Eumenes
                 his
                 Forces
                 were
                 almost
                 all
                 come
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 his
                 Elephants
                 coming
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Winter-Stations
                 ,
                 were
                 not
                 far
                 off
                 with
                 a
                 very
                 slender
                 Guard
                 ,
                 sent
                 out
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Horse-Lanceliers
                 ,
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Tarentines
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 his
                 light-arm'd
                 Foot
                 to
                 intercept
                 them
                 :
                 For
                 setting
                 upon
                 them
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 without
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Guard
                 ,
                 he
                 hop'd
                 he
                 might
                 easily
                 make
                 himself
                 Master
                 of
                 'em
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 deprive
                 the
                 Enemy
                 of
                 the
                 main
                 Strength
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 But
                 Eumenes
                 fearing
                 the
                 worst
                 that
                 might
                 happen
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 ,
                 sent
                 away
                 (
                 for
                 a
                 further
                 Guard
                 )
                 Five
                 hundred
                 of
                 his
                 best
                 
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 thousand
                 light-arm'd
                 Foot.
                 
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 came
                 in
                 sight
                 ,
                 the
                 Commanders
                 of
                 the
                 Elephants
                 drew
                 them
                 into
                 a
                 square
                 in
                 the
                 form
                 of
                 a
                 Tile
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 the
                 Carriages
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 march'd
                 on
                 .
                 They
                 were
                 supported
                 in
                 the
                 Reer
                 with
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 four
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 .
                 The
                 Enemy
                 then
                 pouring
                 in
                 all
                 their
                 Force
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 pushing
                 on
                 still
                 with
                 great
                 Violence
                 ,
                 the
                 Horse
                 in
                 the
                 Reer
                 being
                 over-power'd
                 ,
                 made
                 away
                 .
                 The
                 Masters
                 of
                 the
                 Elephants
                 stood
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 ,
                 gall'd
                 with
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 endamage
                 or
                 touch
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 And
                 just
                 now
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 ready
                 to
                 give
                 up
                 all
                 ,
                 in
                 comes
                 unexpectedly
                 the
                 Eumeneans
                 ,
                 who
                 Extricate
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 their
                 Dangers
                 .
                 A
                 few
                 Days
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 Armies
                 Encamp'd
                 within
                 forty
                 Furlongs
                 one
                 of
                 another
                 ;
                 and
                 now
                 being
                 about
                 to
                 lay
                 all
                 at
                 stake
                 ,
                 both
                 sides
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 Battel
                 .
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 drew
                 up
                 his
                 Horse
                 into
                 two
                 Wings
                 ,
                 and
                 committed
                 the
                 Left
                 to
                 Pitho
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 the
                 Right
                 to
                 his
                 Son
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 himself
                 intended
                 to
                 Charge
                 ;
                 the
                 Foot
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 Battel
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Elephants
                 he
                 plac'd
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 interlin'd
                 with
                 Light-arm'd
                 Men.
                 His
                 whole
                 Army
                 was
                 Two
                 and
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Nine
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 besides
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 listed
                 in
                 Media
                 ;
                 and
                 Elephants
                 Sixty
                 five
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Eumenes
                 understood
                 ,
                 that
                 Antigonus
                 had
                 plac'd
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 with
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 his
                 Horse
                 ,
                 he
                 himself
                 fronted
                 him
                 with
                 the
                 Choicest
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Left
                 ;
                 for
                 here
                 he
                 plac'd
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Best
                 of
                 that
                 Horse
                 which
                 they
                 themselves
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 these
                 he
                 ventur'd
                 himself
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 this
                 Wing
                 likewise
                 was
                 Mithridates
                 ,
                 Son
                 of
                 Ariobarzanes
                 ,
                 descended
                 from
                 one
                 of
                 those
                 seven
                 Persians
                 ,
                 who
                 slew
                 Smerdis
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Magi
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 exemplary
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Feats
                 of
                 War
                 from
                 his
                 very
                 youth
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Front
                 of
                 this
                 Wing
                 he
                 plac'd
                 Threescore
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 his
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 drawn
                 up
                 in
                 form
                 of
                 an
                 Half-Moon
                 ,
                 interlin'd
                 with
                 Light-arm'd
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 As
                 to
                 the
                 Foot
                 ,
                 the
                 Targateers
                 were
                 plac'd
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 ;
                 then
                 the
                 Argyraspides
                 ;
                 and
                 
                 in
                 the
                 Rear
                 all
                 the
                 Foreigners
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 arm'd
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 many
                 Elephants
                 and
                 Light-arm'd
                 Men
                 were
                 plac'd
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 of
                 the
                 main
                 Battel
                 of
                 the
                 Foot
                 ,
                 as
                 was
                 thought
                 sufficient
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 were
                 drawn
                 up
                 such
                 Horse
                 and
                 Elephants
                 as
                 were
                 judg'd
                 the
                 most
                 Weak
                 and
                 Feeble
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 over
                 these
                 was
                 appointed
                 Philip
                 as
                 Commander
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 order'd
                 to
                 retire
                 leisurely
                 as
                 he
                 
                 fought
                 ,
                 and
                 diligently
                 to
                 observe
                 the
                 Event
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 .
              
               
                 Eumenes
                 his
                 Army
                 amounted
                 to
                 Thirty
                 six
                 thousand
                 and
                 seven
                 hundred
                 Foot
                 ,
                 Six
                 thousand
                 and
                 fifty
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 fourteen
                 Elephants
                 .
              
               
                 A
                 little
                 before
                 the
                 Battel
                 ,
                 Antigenes
                 ,
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Argyraspides
                 ,
                 had
                 sent
                 a
                 Macedonian
                 Horseman
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Phalanx
                 ,
                 with
                 Command
                 to
                 ride
                 up
                 as
                 close
                 to
                 them
                 as
                 possibly
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 and
                 proclaim
                 with
                 a
                 loud
                 Voice
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 order'd
                 him
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 come
                 up
                 within
                 hearing
                 of
                 that
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 where
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 
                 Macedonian
                 Phalanx
                 was
                 drawn
                 up
                 ,
                 he
                 cry'd
                 out
                 with
                 a
                 loud
                 Voice
                 thus
                 ,
                 
                   Oh
                   ye
                   Villains
                   !
                   Ye
                   fight
                   against
                   your
                   Fathers
                   ,
                   who
                   ventur'd
                   their
                   Lives
                   ,
                   and
                   perform'd
                   all
                   those
                   Noble
                   Acts
                   with
                
                 Philip
                 and
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 
                   whom
                   you
                   shall
                   shortly
                   experience
                   to
                   be
                   Men
                   worthy
                   those
                   Kings
                   and
                   those
                   former
                   Conquests
                   !
                
                 The
                 Youngest
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Argyraspiaes
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 were
                 at
                 least
                 Threescore
                 years
                 of
                 Age
                 ;
                 but
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 were
                 Seventy
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 older
                 ;
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 for
                 Strength
                 and
                 Skill
                 in
                 their
                 Weapons
                 unconquerable
                 :
                 For
                 continual
                 Practice
                 of
                 their
                 Arms
                 had
                 made
                 them
                 Expert
                 and
                 Daring
                 .
              
               
                 Proclamation
                 being
                 made
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 said
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 harsh
                 Words
                 and
                 discontented
                 Speeches
                 cast
                 out
                 in
                 Amigonus
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 That
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fight
                 against
                 their
                 own
                 Countrymen
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 so
                 much
                 older
                 than
                 themselves
                 .
                 In
                 Eumenes
                 his
                 Army
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 continually
                 crying
                 out
                 while
                 the
                 Army
                 was
                 drawing
                 up
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 led
                 out
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 Eumenes
                 seeing
                 the
                 Alacrity
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 lift
                 up
                 the
                 Ensign
                 of
                 Battel
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 forthwith
                 the
                 Trumpets
                 sounded
                 a
                 Charge
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 shout
                 for
                 the
                 Onset
                 .
                 The
                 Elephants
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 fought
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ;
                 then
                 the
                 Horse
                 Charg'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
                 The
                 Field
                 was
                 very
                 Large
                 ,
                 Sandy
                 ,
                 and
                 Waste
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 so
                 much
                 Dust
                 was
                 rais'd
                 by
                 the
                 Trampling
                 of
                 the
                 Horses
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 a
                 Man
                 could
                 not
                 see
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 though
                 but
                 at
                 a
                 small
                 distance
                 from
                 him
                 :
                 Which
                 Antigonus
                 observing
                 ,
                 sent
                 forthwith
                 away
                 some
                 Median
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 Tarentines
                 ,
                 to
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Baggage
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 he
                 hop'd
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Dust
                 that
                 was
                 rais'd
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 thing
                 in
                 truth
                 prov'd
                 )
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 discern'd
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 got
                 possession
                 of
                 the
                 Carriages
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 easily
                 bring
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 into
                 his
                 power
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 forth
                 secretly
                 slipping
                 by
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Wing
                 ,
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Pages
                 ,
                 *
                 Scullion
                 Boys
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 that
                 were
                 with
                 the
                 Baggage
                 ,
                 and
                 about
                 five
                 Furlongs
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 Place
                 of
                 Battel
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 they
                 found
                 a
                 Multitude
                 of
                 Useless
                 and
                 Unserviceable
                 Rabble
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 very
                 small
                 Guard
                 in
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 presently
                 put
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 all
                 fell
                 into
                 
                 the
                 Enemies
                 hands
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Antigonus
                 charging
                 the
                 Enemy
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Body
                 of
                 Horse
                 ,
                 so
                 terrify'd
                 Peucestes
                 ,
                 Governor
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 with
                 his
                 Horse
                 got
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Dust
                 ,
                 and
                 drew
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 more
                 after
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 left
                 
                 but
                 with
                 a
                 very
                 few
                 in
                 the
                 out
                 Skirts
                 of
                 the
                 Wing
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 ,
                 yet
                 counted
                 it
                 base
                 to
                 flag
                 or
                 fly
                 ;
                 judging
                 it
                 more
                 honourable
                 to
                 be
                 Faithful
                 to
                 his
                 word
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Quarrel
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 die
                 in
                 an
                 honest
                 and
                 just
                 Cause
                 with
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 fierce
                 Charge
                 upon
                 Antigonus
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 now
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 sharp
                 Dispute
                 between
                 the
                 Horse
                 ;
                 where
                 the
                 Eumeneans
                 excell'd
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 Heat
                 and
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Antigontans
                 them
                 in
                 Num.
                 and
                 Multitude
                 ;
                 and
                 many
                 fell
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Elephants
                 fighting
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 the
                 Leader
                 on
                 Eumenes
                 his
                 side
                 ,
                 engaging
                 with
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Stoutest
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 was
                 there
                 slain
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 Eumenes
                 perceiving
                 his
                 Horse
                 to
                 be
                 worsted
                 on
                 
                 every
                 hand
                 ,
                 withdrew
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 and
                 pass'd
                 over
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 Wing
                 ,
                 and
                 join'd
                 himself
                 to
                 those
                 with
                 Philip
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 order'd
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 leisurely
                 Retreat
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 ended
                 the
                 Engagement
                 between
                 the
                 Horse
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Foot
                 ,
                 the
                 Argyraspides
                 (
                 or
                 Silver
                 Shields
                 )
                 in
                 a
                 full
                 Body
                 flew
                 with
                 that
                 Violence
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 they
                 kill'd
                 upon
                 the
                 spot
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 rest
                 they
                 put
                 to
                 flight
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 withstood
                 ;
                 who
                 though
                 they
                 engag'd
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 
                 main
                 Battel
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 signaliz'd
                 both
                 their
                 Valour
                 and
                 Dexterity
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 kill'd
                 above
                 Five
                 thousand
                 without
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 one
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 the
                 whole
                 
                 Foot
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 far
                 more
                 in
                 number
                 than
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Eumenes
                 understood
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Carriages
                 were
                 taken
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Peucestes
                 was
                 not
                 far
                 off
                 with
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 he
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 get
                 all
                 to
                 rally
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 together
                 again
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 try
                 their
                 Fortune
                 in
                 a
                 second
                 Engagement
                 with
                 Antigonus
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 concluded
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 prevail'd
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 only
                 recover
                 his
                 own
                 Carriages
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 possess
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 :
                 But
                 Peucestes
                 would
                 not
                 hear
                 of
                 fighting
                 any
                 more
                 ,
                 but
                 got
                 further
                 off
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 Eumenes
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 yield
                 the
                 Day
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 Antigonus
                 dividing
                 his
                 Horse
                 into
                 two
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 he
                 himself
                 with
                 one
                 sought
                 how
                 to
                 intrap
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 observing
                 which
                 way
                 he
                 made
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 he
                 delivered
                 to
                 Pitho
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Argyraspides
                 ,
                 who
                 then
                 were
                 forsaken
                 by
                 their
                 Horse
                 ;
                 who
                 forthwith
                 setting
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 commanded
                 ,
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 drew
                 up
                 in
                 form
                 of
                 a
                 Square
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 safe
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 exclaiming
                 against
                 Peucestes
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Cause
                 of
                 the
                 routing
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Eumenes
                 came
                 up
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Evening
                 ,
                 they
                 consulted
                 together
                 what
                 was
                 then
                 fittest
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 .
                 The
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 were
                 for
                 returning
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 into
                 the
                 Higher
                 Provinces
                 ;
                 but
                 Eumenes
                 was
                 for
                 staying
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 and
                 fighting
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Enemies
                 main
                 Battel
                 was
                 broken
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 
                 then
                 equal
                 in
                 Horse
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 seeing
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 lost
                 their
                 Carriages
                 ,
                 Wives
                 ,
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 whatever
                 was
                 dear
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 declar'd
                 they
                 would
                 neither
                 do
                 the
                 one
                 or
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 without
                 agreeing
                 in
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 they
                 parted
                 .
                 But
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 secretly
                 corresponding
                 with
                 Antigonus
                 
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 him
                 up
                 into
                 his
                 Hands
                 .
                 And
                 having
                 receiv'd
                 their
                 Carriages
                 ,
                 and
                 Faith
                 taken
                 for
                 security
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 march'd
                 away
                 together
                 :
                 Whose
                 Example
                 the
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 and
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 Captains
                 and
                 Soldiers
                 follow'd
                 ,
                 forsaking
                 their
                 General
                 ,
                 chiefly
                 consulting
                 their
                 own
                 Safety
                 and
                 Preservation
                 .
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 having
                 thus
                 strangely
                 and
                 unexpectedly
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 both
                 of
                 Eumenes
                 and
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 Antigenes
                 ,
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 Argyraspides
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 him
                 alive
                 into
                 a
                 Coffin
                 ,
                 and
                 burnt
                 him
                 to
                 Ashes
                 .
                 He
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 likewise
                 Eudamus
                 ,
                 who
                 brought
                 the
                 Elephants
                 out
                 of
                 India
                 ,
                 and
                 Celbanus
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 :
                 Who
                 upon
                 all
                 occasions
                 appear'd
                 against
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 for
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 him
                 in
                 Prison
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 time
                 to
                 consider
                 how
                 to
                 dispose
                 of
                 him
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 in
                 truth
                 an
                 earnest
                 desire
                 to
                 have
                 gain'd
                 so
                 good
                 a
                 General
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Interest
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 have
                 oblig'd
                 him
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Kindness
                 and
                 strict
                 Correspondency
                 which
                 pass'd
                 between
                 him
                 and
                 Olympias
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 he
                 
                 durst
                 not
                 absolutely
                 rely
                 upon
                 him
                 ;
                 for
                 but
                 a
                 while
                 before
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 deliver'd
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 straits
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 at
                 Nora
                 in
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 presently
                 upon
                 it
                 fell
                 in
                 and
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Kings
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 pressing
                 Importunity
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 he
                 put
                 him
                 to
                 Death
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 his
                 former
                 Familiarity
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 caus'd
                 his
                 Body
                 to
                 be
                 burnt
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Bones
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 into
                 an
                 Urn
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 his
                 nearest
                 Friends
                 .
                 Amongst
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 Wounded
                 and
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 was
                 Hieronymus
                 of
                 Cardia
                 ,
                 Historiographer
                 ,
                 
                 who
                 having
                 been
                 ever
                 in
                 great
                 Esteem
                 with
                 Eumenes
                 during
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 Death
                 found
                 great
                 Favour
                 also
                 with
                 Antigonus
                 .
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 returning
                 into
                 Media
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 spent
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Winter
                 in
                 a
                 Town
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 Ecbatane
                 ,
                 where
                 stood
                 the
                 Palace-Royal
                 of
                 that
                 Province
                 .
                 He
                 distributed
                 
                 his
                 Army
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 all
                 over
                 that
                 Province
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Rhages
                 ;
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 the
                 Calamities
                 it
                 had
                 miserably
                 suffer'd
                 in
                 former
                 times
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 heretofore
                 full
                 of
                 Rich
                 and
                 populous
                 Cities
                 ,
                 there
                 hapned
                 such
                 terrible
                 Earthquakes
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 that
                 both
                 Cities
                 and
                 Inhabitants
                 were
                 swallow'd
                 up
                 altogether
                 ,
                 not
                 one
                 left
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 very
                 Face
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 was
                 so
                 chang'd
                 ,
                 that
                 new
                 Rivers
                 and
                 Ponds
                 appear'd
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 of
                 the
                 Old.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 III.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Innundations
                   at
                   
                     Rhodes
                     .
                     Antigonus
                  
                   kills
                   Pitho
                   ,
                   getting
                   him
                   into
                   his
                   power
                   by
                   Dissimulation
                   .
                   Then
                   marches
                   into
                   Persia
                   .
                   Revolters
                   from
                   Antigonus
                   cut
                   off
                   in
                   Media
                   .
                   He
                   divides
                   the
                   Asian
                   Provinces
                   ,
                   and
                   contrives
                   to
                   destroy
                   all
                   the
                   Argyraspides
                   .
                   Gets
                   great
                   Treasure
                   in
                   
                     Susa
                     .
                     Cassander
                  
                   besieges
                   Olympias
                   in
                   Pydna
                   ;
                   The
                   great
                   Distress
                   to
                   which
                   it
                   was
                   reduc'd
                   .
                   Amphipolis
                   surrender'd
                   to
                   Cassander
                   .
                   He
                   kills
                   Olympias
                   .
                   Marries
                   Thessalonices
                   ;
                   Builds
                   Cassandra
                   .
                   Imprisons
                   Rhoxana
                   and
                   her
                   Son
                   Alexander
                   .
                   His
                   Expedition
                   into
                   Peloponnesus
                   against
                   Alexander
                   ,
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Polysperchon
                   :
                   The
                   History
                   of
                   
                     Thebes
                     .
                     Cassander
                  
                   rebuilds
                   Thebes
                   .
                
              
               
                 ABout
                 this
                 time
                 hapned
                 a
                 Flood
                 near
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 which
                 destroy'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 Flood
                 did
                 little
                 prejudice
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 but
                 
                 then
                 newly
                 built
                 ,
                 and
                 far
                 larger
                 in
                 Compass
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 second
                 was
                 more
                 Mischievous
                 ,
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 Multitudes
                 .
                 The
                 last
                 fell
                 out
                 at
                 the
                 Beginning
                 of
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 accompany'd
                 with
                 violent
                 Storms
                 of
                 Rain
                 ,
                 and
                 Hail-stones
                 of
                 an
                 incredible
                 Bigness
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 a
                 Mina
                 in
                 weight
                 ,
                 and
                 sometime
                 more
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 not
                 only
                 beat
                 down
                 Houses
                 ,
                 but
                 kill'd
                 
                 many
                 Men.
                 And
                 in
                 regard
                 Rhodes
                 was
                 built
                 in
                 Form
                 of
                 a
                 Theatre
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Water
                 ran
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 into
                 one
                 Place
                 ,
                 the
                 lower
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 were
                 presently
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Water
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Winter
                 being
                 now
                 look'd
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 over
                 )
                 no
                 care
                 was
                 taken
                 to
                 cleanse
                 the
                 Channels
                 and
                 Aqueducts
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Pipes
                 likewise
                 in
                 the
                 Walls
                 were
                 choked
                 up
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Waters
                 flowing
                 in
                 altogether
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Ground
                 about
                 the
                 *
                 Deigma
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 call'd
                 )
                 and
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 B●cchuss
                 was
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Water
                 ;
                 and
                 now
                 it
                 rising
                 up
                 like
                 a
                 standing
                 Pond
                 to
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Esculapius
                 ,
                 all
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 Consternation
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 could
                 not
                 agree
                 together
                 what
                 should
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 their
                 Preservation
                 .
                 Some
                 were
                 for
                 making
                 to
                 the
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 for
                 hasting
                 to
                 the
                 Theatre
                 .
                 Some
                 now
                 almost
                 surrounded
                 with
                 the
                 Evil
                 that
                 threaten'd
                 them
                 ,
                 in
                 great
                 Terror
                 and
                 Amazement
                 climb'd
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 highest
                 Altars
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 to
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Pedestals
                 of
                 the
                 Statues
                 .
                 The
                 City
                 being
                 in
                 this
                 Danger
                 to
                 be
                 overwhelm'd
                 and
                 ruin'd
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 its
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 they
                 were
                 unexpectedly
                 deliver'd
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Wall
                 burst
                 asunder
                 in
                 a
                 large
                 Breach
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Water
                 that
                 stood
                 on
                 an
                 Heap
                 made
                 its
                 way
                 through
                 ,
                 and
                 ran
                 with
                 a
                 violent
                 Current
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 every
                 one
                 presently
                 had
                 free
                 passage
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 House
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 was
                 of
                 great
                 advantage
                 to
                 these
                 distressed
                 People
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 Inundation
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 day
                 time
                 :
                 For
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ran
                 to
                 the
                 highest
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 for
                 shelter
                 .
                 And
                 another
                 advantage
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Houses
                 were
                 not
                 built
                 of
                 Tile
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 Stone
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 who
                 got
                 to
                 the
                 House-tops
                 escap'd
                 without
                 any
                 great
                 Damage
                 :
                 However
                 ,
                 there
                 perish'd
                 in
                 this
                 common
                 Calamity
                 above
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Souls
                 ;
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Houses
                 were
                 born
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 very
                 ill
                 torn
                 and
                 shaken
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 danger
                 was
                 Rhodes
                 .
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 Winter'd
                 in
                 Media
                 ,
                 discover'd
                 Pitho
                 plotting
                 to
                 draw
                 over
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 then
                 in
                 their
                 Winter-Quarters
                 ,
                 partly
                 by
                 Bribes
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 by
                 fair
                 Promises
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Interest
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Turn
                 and
                 Defection
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 .
                 But
                 Antigonus
                 cover'd
                 and
                 conceal'd
                 his
                 Design
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 show
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 gave
                 no
                 Credit
                 to
                 the
                 Informers
                 ,
                 but
                 chid
                 them
                 as
                 those
                 that
                 contriv'd
                 only
                 to
                 set
                 him
                 and
                 Pitho
                 together
                 by
                 the
                 ears
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 while
                 ,
                 he
                 caus'd
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 intended
                 to
                 leave
                 Pitho
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 
                 Army
                 for
                 his
                 Defence
                 ,
                 Lord-Lieutenant
                 of
                 the
                 higher
                 Provinces
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 wrote
                 likewise
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 desired
                 him
                 to
                 hasten
                 to
                 him
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 ,
                 that
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 consulted
                 together
                 of
                 some
                 weighty
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 forthwith
                 march
                 away
                 into
                 the
                 Lesser
                 Asia
                 .
                 
                 Thus
                 he
                 manag'd
                 his
                 Business
                 ,
                 whereby
                 to
                 remove
                 all
                 ground
                 of
                 Suspicion
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 get
                 the
                 poor
                 Man
                 into
                 his
                 hands
                 ,
                 upon
                 an
                 expectation
                 and
                 hopes
                 to
                 be
                 left
                 Governor
                 of
                 those
                 Provinces
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 difficult
                 matter
                 to
                 take
                 one
                 by
                 force
                 who
                 was
                 in
                 so
                 great
                 Repute
                 with
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 advanc'd
                 by
                 him
                 to
                 Places
                 of
                 Honour
                 ;
                 and
                 who
                 being
                 then
                 Governor
                 of
                 Media
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 help
                 and
                 support
                 to
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 Pitho
                 was
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 in
                 the
                 furthest
                 Parts
                 of
                 all
                 Media
                 in
                 his
                 Winter-Quarters
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 now
                 corrupted
                 many
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 promis'd
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Defection
                 .
                 His
                 Friends
                 likewise
                 acquainting
                 him
                 by
                 their
                 Letters
                 with
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 Purpose
                 ,
                 possess'd
                 him
                 with
                 an
                 Expectation
                 of
                 mighty
                 Things
                 :
                 And
                 thus
                 guil'd
                 ,
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 he
                 went
                 ;
                 who
                 having
                 now
                 seiz'd
                 his
                 Prey
                 ,
                 brought
                 him
                 before
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 even
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 easily
                 convicted
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 had
                 his
                 Head
                 chopp'd
                 off
                 .
              
               
                 Hereupon
                 Antigonus
                 gathering
                 all
                 his
                 Army
                 together
                 ,
                 committed
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Media
                 to
                 Orontobates
                 a
                 Median
                 born
                 ;
                 but
                 made
                 Hippostratus
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 who
                 
                 had
                 Three
                 thousand
                 500
                 foreign
                 Foot-Soldiers
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 taking
                 with
                 him
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 went
                 to
                 Ecbatana
                 ,
                 where
                 receiving
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 of
                 massie
                 Silver
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 into
                 Persia
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 cost
                 him
                 twenty
                 days
                 march
                 before
                 
                 he
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 the
                 Capital
                 City
                 Persepolis
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 while
                 Antigonus
                 was
                 on
                 his
                 march
                 ,
                 
                 Pitho's
                 Friends
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 concern'd
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Conspiracy
                 (
                 the
                 chief
                 of
                 whom
                 was
                 Meleager
                 and
                 Menoetas
                 )
                 and
                 other
                 Well-willers
                 of
                 Eumenes
                 and
                 Pitho
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 scatter'd
                 abroad
                 into
                 Corners
                 ,
                 met
                 together
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 wasted
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 the
                 Medes
                 who
                 refus'd
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 Then
                 receiving
                 Intelligence
                 where
                 
                 Hippestratus
                 and
                 Orontobates
                 lay
                 encamp'd
                 ,
                 they
                 broke
                 in
                 upon
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 not
                 far
                 off
                 from
                 effecting
                 what
                 they
                 design'd
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 overpower'd
                 by
                 number
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 only
                 entic'd
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 run
                 the
                 same
                 course
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 retreat
                 ;
                 yet
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 nimblest
                 of
                 them
                 (
                 all
                 being
                 Horse-men
                 )
                 made
                 many
                 sudden
                 Incursions
                 upon
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 caus'd
                 a
                 great
                 Consternation
                 and
                 Hubbub
                 amongst
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 were
                 atlast
                 inclos'd
                 in
                 a
                 place
                 compass'd
                 about
                 with
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 there
                 all
                 kill'd
                 or
                 taken
                 .
                 But
                 Meleager
                 and
                 Cranes
                 the
                 Median
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 better
                 sort
                 of
                 them
                 stood
                 it
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 ,
                 and
                 died
                 with
                 their
                 Swords
                 in
                 their
                 hands
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 Condition
                 of
                 the
                 Conspirators
                 in
                 Media
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 into
                 Persia
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 honour'd
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 that
                 was
                 now
                 undoubtedly
                 absolute
                 Lord
                 of
                 all
                 Asia
                 :
                 There
                 calling
                 together
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 his
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 he
                 propounded
                 to
                 them
                 the
                 matter
                 concerning
                 the
                 Government
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 :
                 In
                 which
                 Consultation
                 they
                 left
                 Carmania
                 to
                 Tlepolemus
                 ,
                 and
                 Bactria
                 to
                 Stasanor
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 was
                 no
                 easie
                 matter
                 to
                 expel
                 them
                 ,
                 having
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 by
                 their
                 fair
                 Deportment
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 were
                 associated
                 with
                 potent
                 Confederates
                 .
                 
                 Eritus
                 he
                 sent
                 into
                 Aria
                 ;
                 who
                 dying
                 shortly
                 after
                 ,
                 was
                 succeeded
                 by
                 Evagoras
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 wonderful
                 Valour
                 and
                 Prudence
                 .
                 Oxyatres
                 likewise
                 ,
                 the
                 Father
                 of
                 Roxana
                 ,
                 was
                 permitted
                 to
                 enjoy
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Parapamisus
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 did
                 before
                 :
                 For
                 neither
                 could
                 he
                 eject
                 him
                 without
                 a
                 long
                 expence
                 of
                 Time
                 and
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 he
                 sent
                 for
                 Sibyritus
                 ,
                 a
                 Well-willer
                 of
                 his
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 Arachosia
                 ,
                 and
                 bestow'd
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 that
                 Province
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 him
                 the
                 most
                 turbulent
                 of
                 the
                 Silver
                 Shields
                 ,
                 under
                 colour
                 of
                 serving
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 truth
                 with
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 have
                 them
                 all
                 cut
                 off
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 gave
                 him
                 private
                 Instructions
                 to
                 employ
                 them
                 in
                 such
                 Services
                 as
                 that
                 by
                 degrees
                 they
                 might
                 all
                 be
                 destroy'd
                 .
                 Amongst
                 these
                 were
                 those
                 that
                 betray'd
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 that
                 Vengeance
                 
                 might
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 overtake
                 these
                 perfidious
                 Villans
                 for
                 their
                 Treachery
                 against
                 their
                 General
                 .
                 For
                 Princes
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 great
                 Power
                 ,
                 may
                 reap
                 advantage
                 by
                 the
                 wicked
                 Acts
                 of
                 others
                 ;
                 but
                 private
                 Men
                 who
                 are
                 the
                 Actors
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 are
                 by
                 those
                 means
                 brought
                 into
                 miserable
                 Disasters
                 .
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 moreover
                 finding
                 that
                 Peucestes
                 was
                 much
                 belov'd
                 in
                 Persia
                 ,
                 made
                 it
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 first
                 Works
                 to
                 strip
                 him
                 of
                 that
                 Government
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 all
                 the
                 Natives
                 greatly
                 repin'd
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 Chief
                 Man
                 amongst
                 them
                 call'd
                 Thespias
                 spake
                 openly
                 against
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 said
                 ,
                 
                 That
                 the
                 Persians
                 would
                 be
                 govern'd
                 by
                 no
                 other
                 Man
                 but
                 Peucestes
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 he
                 flew
                 Thespias
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Asclepiodorus
                 Governor
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 and
                 committed
                 to
                 him
                 a
                 considerable
                 Army
                 ;
                 and
                 held
                 on
                 Peucestes
                 with
                 vain
                 Hopes
                 of
                 preferring
                 him
                 with
                 higher
                 Preferments
                 elsewhere
                 ,
                 until
                 he
                 had
                 drawn
                 him
                 quite
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 Antigonus
                 was
                 on
                 his
                 way
                 to
                 
                   Susa
                   ,
                   Xenophilus
                
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 the
                 keeping
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Treasure
                 there
                 ,
                 being
                 sent
                 by
                 Seleucus
                 ,
                 went
                 and
                 met
                 him
                 at
                 Pasitigris
                 ,
                 and
                 offer'd
                 him
                 his
                 Service
                 in
                 whatsoever
                 he
                 pleas'd
                 to
                 command
                 him
                 .
                 Antigonus
                 receiv'd
                 him
                 very
                 graciously
                 ,
                 and
                 seem'd
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 honour'd
                 him
                 above
                 all
                 the
                 Friends
                 he
                 had
                 ,
                 fearing
                 left
                 he
                 might
                 alter
                 his
                 Mind
                 ,
                 and
                 keep
                 him
                 out
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 thither
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 Castle
                 of
                 Susa
                 ,
                 he
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Golden
                 Vine
                 ,
                 and
                 store
                 of
                 other
                 such
                 Rarieties
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 value
                 of
                 Fifteen
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 :
                 All
                 which
                 he
                 turn'd
                 into
                 ready
                 Money
                 ,
                 besides
                 what
                 he
                 made
                 of
                 Crowns
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Presents
                 and
                 Spoils
                 taken
                 from
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 amounting
                 to
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 like
                 quantity
                 collected
                 out
                 of
                 Media
                 ,
                 besides
                 the
                 Treasure
                 had
                 from
                 Susa
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 he
                 heap'd
                 together
                 Five
                 and
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 Since
                 we
                 have
                 handled
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 pass
                 over
                 into
                 Europe
                 ,
                 and
                 relate
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 there
                 concurring
                 and
                 cotemporary
                 with
                 the
                 former
                 .
                 Cassander
                 having
                 
                 shut
                 up
                 Olympias
                 in
                 Pydna
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 assault
                 the
                 Walls
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Winter
                 Season
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 block'd
                 up
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 drew
                 a
                 
                 Mud-wall
                 from
                 Sea
                 to
                 Sea
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 prevent
                 all
                 Relief
                 by
                 Sea
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 by
                 Land
                 ,
                 he
                 guarded
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Harbour
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Shipping
                 .
                 Insomuch
                 as
                 their
                 Provisions
                 being
                 near
                 spent
                 ,
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 were
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 that
                 Extremity
                 of
                 Want
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 near
                 starv'd
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 were
                 brought
                 to
                 that
                 strait
                 ,
                 that
                 every
                 Soldier
                 was
                 allow'd
                 but
                 *
                 Five
                 Choenices
                 of
                 Bread-Corn
                 every
                 Month
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Elephants
                 were
                 fed
                 with
                 Saw-dust
                 .
                 At
                 last
                 they
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Draught-Beasts
                 and
                 Horses
                 for
                 Meat
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 in
                 this
                 State
                 ,
                 and
                 Olympias
                 earnestly
                 expecting
                 Foreign
                 Aid
                 ,
                 the
                 Elephants
                 pin'd
                 away
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Food
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Horse-men
                 that
                 were
                 Foreigners
                 almost
                 all
                 dy'd
                 ,
                 having
                 no
                 proportion
                 of
                 Bread
                 allotted
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 Soldiers
                 far'd
                 no
                 better
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 (
                 Hunger
                 overcoming
                 what
                 Nature
                 would
                 have
                 otherwise
                 dreaded
                 and
                 abhorr'd
                 )
                 fed
                 upon
                 the
                 Carkasses
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Town
                 being
                 now
                 fill'd
                 with
                 dead
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 the
                 Colonels
                 and
                 Captains
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Guards
                 buri'd
                 some
                 ,
                 and
                 threw
                 others
                 over
                 the
                 Walls
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 as
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 Queens
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 bred
                 up
                 deliciously
                 all
                 their
                 Days
                 ,
                 )
                 but
                 even
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 
                 always
                 inur'd
                 to
                 Hardship
                 ,
                 could
                 not
                 indure
                 the
                 Sight
                 ,
                 nor
                 Stink
                 of
                 the
                 Carkasses
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Spring
                 came
                 on
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Famine
                 increas'd
                 every
                 day
                 ,
                 whereupon
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 came
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 intreated
                 Olympias
                 to
                 suffer
                 them
                 to
                 leave
                 the
                 Place
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 Scarcity
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 supply
                 them
                 with
                 Bread
                 ,
                 nor
                 in
                 a
                 condition
                 to
                 raise
                 the
                 Siege
                 )
                 let
                 them
                 go
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 were
                 all
                 kindly
                 received
                 by
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 dispos'd
                 of
                 into
                 several
                 Towns
                 and
                 Cities
                 round
                 about
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 hop'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 coming
                 to
                 understand
                 by
                 them
                 how
                 weak
                 Olympias
                 was
                 ,
                 would
                 conclude
                 her
                 Affairs
                 Desperate
                 and
                 Remediless
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 miss
                 the
                 Mark
                 in
                 his
                 Conjecture
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 who
                 were
                 just
                 now
                 sending
                 Relief
                 to
                 the
                 Besieged
                 ,
                 presently
                 alter'd
                 their
                 Purpose
                 ,
                 and
                 sided
                 with
                 Cassander
                 .
                 Only
                 Aristonous
                 and
                 Monimus
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 continu'd
                 firm
                 and
                 faithful
                 to
                 Olympias
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 Aristonous
                 was
                 Governor
                 of
                 Amphipolis
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 of
                 Pella
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 Olympias
                 perceiving
                 that
                 many
                 went
                 over
                 to
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 her
                 Friends
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 help
                 her
                 ;
                 without
                 further
                 delay
                 got
                 ready
                 a
                 Galley
                 of
                 
                 Five
                 Oars
                 on
                 a
                 Bank
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 rescue
                 her
                 and
                 all
                 her
                 Kindred
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 Danger
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 discover'd
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 by
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Deserters
                 ,
                 Cassander
                 sail'd
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 seiz'd
                 the
                 Vessel
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 Olympias
                 looking
                 upon
                 her self
                 in
                 a
                 desperate
                 Condition
                 ,
                 sent
                 an
                 Herald
                 to
                 Cassander
                 to
                 treat
                 upon
                 Terms
                 of
                 Pacification
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 insisting
                 upon
                 the
                 delivering
                 up
                 of
                 her self
                 to
                 his
                 Mercy
                 ,
                 with
                 much
                 ado
                 she
                 at
                 length
                 prevail'd
                 only
                 for
                 the
                 preservation
                 of
                 her
                 Person
                 :
                 Being
                 therefore
                 now
                 possess'd
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 some
                 away
                 to
                 summon
                 Pella
                 and
                 Amphipolis
                 .
              
               
                 Monimus
                 the
                 Governor
                 of
                 Pella
                 hearing
                 how
                 Things
                 went
                 with
                 Olympias
                 ,
                 presently
                 surrender'd
                 :
                 But
                 Aristonous
                 at
                 first
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 hold
                 out
                 and
                 maintain
                 the
                 Cause
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 strong
                 Garison
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 been
                 then
                 lately
                 Prosperous
                 and
                 Successful
                 .
                 For
                 a
                 few
                 days
                 before
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 fought
                 with
                 Crateuas
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 
                 Cassander's
                 Captains
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 drave
                 Crateuas
                 himself
                 ,
                 with
                 Two
                 thousand
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 Bedys
                 in
                 Bisaltia
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 besieg'd
                 him
                 ,
                 took
                 him
                 and
                 disarm'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 upon
                 mutual
                 Pledges
                 of
                 Faith
                 given
                 and
                 taken
                 ,
                 discharg'd
                 him
                 .
                 Being
                 encourag'd
                 upon
                 this
                 account
                 ,
                 and
                 knowing
                 nothing
                 but
                 that
                 Eumenes
                 was
                 still
                 living
                 ,
                 and
                 concluding
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 sure
                 of
                 Aid
                 and
                 Relief
                 from
                 Alexander
                 and
                 Polysperchon
                 ,
                 he
                 refus'd
                 to
                 surrender
                 Amphipolis
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 Letters
                 from
                 Olympias
                 ,
                 (
                 whereby
                 she
                 commanded
                 him
                 upon
                 the
                 Faith
                 of
                 his
                 former
                 Engagement
                 to
                 restore
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 )
                 he
                 observ'd
                 her
                 Commands
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 deliver'd
                 it
                 up
                 ,
                 upon
                 assurance
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Preservation
                 .
                 But
                 Cassander
                 perceiving
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 Interest
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Honours
                 conferr'd
                 upon
                 him
                 by
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 minding
                 to
                 take
                 all
                 such
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 way
                 as
                 might
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 Capacity
                 to
                 make
                 any
                 Disturbance
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 Crateuas
                 his
                 Kindred
                 he
                 put
                 him
                 also
                 to
                 Death
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 incited
                 the
                 Relations
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 by
                 Olympias
                 ,
                 to
                 prosecute
                 her
                 in
                 the
                 General
                 Assembly
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 who
                 thereupon
                 very
                 readily
                 comply'd
                 with
                 what
                 they
                 were
                 put
                 on
                 to
                 do
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 she
                 her self
                 was
                 not
                 then
                 present
                 ,
                 nor
                 had
                 any
                 Person
                 there
                 to
                 plead
                 her
                 Cause
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 condemn'd
                 her
                 to
                 Die.
                 Cassander
                 thereupon
                 sent
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 to
                 Olympias
                 ,
                 and
                 advis'd
                 her
                 to
                 get
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 to
                 procure
                 for
                 her
                 a
                 Ship
                 ,
                 and
                 cause
                 her
                 to
                 be
                 convey'd
                 safe
                 to
                 Athens
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 as
                 any
                 ways
                 minding
                 her
                 Preservation
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 one
                 conscious
                 of
                 her
                 own
                 Guilt
                 by
                 her
                 flight
                 ,
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 judg'd
                 a
                 just
                 Vengeance
                 upon
                 her
                 if
                 she
                 perish'd
                 and
                 was
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 as
                 she
                 was
                 in
                 her
                 Voyage
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 afraid
                 as
                 well
                 of
                 the
                 Fickleness
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 the
                 Dignity
                 of
                 her
                 Person
                 .
                 But
                 Olympias
                 refus'd
                 to
                 fly
                 ,
                 but
                 said
                 ,
                 She
                 was
                 ready
                 to
                 defend
                 her
                 Cause
                 before
                 all
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
              
               
                 Cassander
                 therefore
                 fearing
                 lest
                 the
                 People
                 calling
                 to
                 mind
                 the
                 worthy
                 Acts
                 and
                 Kindnesses
                 of
                 Philip
                 and
                 Alexander
                 towards
                 the
                 whole
                 Nation
                 should
                 change
                 their
                 Minds
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 take
                 upon
                 them
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Queen
                 ,
                 sent
                 to
                 her
                 a
                 Band
                 of
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Soldiers
                 
                 well
                 Arm'd
                 and
                 Accouter'd
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 dispatch
                 her
                 forthwith
                 ;
                 who
                 rushing
                 on
                 a
                 
                 sudden
                 into
                 the
                 Palace
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 saw
                 her
                 ,
                 (
                 in
                 Reverence
                 to
                 her
                 Person
                 ,
                 )
                 drew
                 back
                 ,
                 without
                 executing
                 what
                 they
                 were
                 commanded
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Kindred
                 of
                 those
                 she
                 
                 had
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 ingratiate
                 themselves
                 with
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 to
                 gratify
                 their
                 own
                 Revenge
                 for
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 their
                 Relations
                 ,
                 cut
                 her
                 Throat
                 ,
                 she
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 crying
                 out
                 in
                 any
                 Womanish
                 Terror
                 or
                 Fear
                 to
                 spare
                 her
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 manner
                 died
                 Olympias
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 and
                 most
                 honourable
                 Woman
                 in
                 the
                 Age
                 wherein
                 she
                 liv'd
                 ,
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Neoptolimus
                 King
                 of
                 Epirus
                 ;
                 Sister
                 of
                 *
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 who
                 made
                 the
                 Expedition
                 into
                 Italy
                 ;
                 Wife
                 of
                 Philip
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 and
                 most
                 victorious
                 Prince
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 ever
                 were
                 before
                 in
                 Europe
                 ;
                 and
                 lastly
                 ,
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 who
                 never
                 was
                 exceeded
                 by
                 any
                 for
                 the
                 many
                 great
                 and
                 wonderful
                 Things
                 that
                 were
                 done
                 by
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 Cassander
                 now
                 seeing
                 all
                 Things
                 go
                 on
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Heart's
                 Desire
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 Hopes
                 and
                 Expectations
                 was
                 already
                 possess'd
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Macedon
                 :
                 He
                 therefore
                 now
                 marries
                 Thessalonices
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Philip
                 ,
                 and
                 Sister
                 of
                 Alexander
                 by
                 the
                 same
                 Father
                 ,
                 ambitious
                 
                 to
                 be
                 related
                 in
                 Affinity
                 ,
                 and
                 esteem'd
                 as
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Royal
                 Family
                 .
                 He
                 built
                 likewise
                 Cassandria
                 (
                 calling
                 it
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 )
                 in
                 †
                 Pallene
                 ,
                 and
                 Peopled
                 it
                 by
                 Inhabitants
                 
                 drawn
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Chersonesus
                 ,
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 Potidea
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 neighbouring
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 there
                 likewise
                 those
                 Olynthians
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 there
                 were
                 still
                 a
                 considerable
                 Number
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 City
                 he
                 laid
                 a
                 large
                 and
                 rich
                 Territory
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 earnest
                 Care
                 to
                 advance
                 the
                 Glory
                 and
                 Splendour
                 of
                 this
                 Place
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 grew
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 of
                 Power
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 excell
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 .
              
               
                 Cassander
                 likewise
                 minding
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 all
                 the
                 Posterity
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 (
                 that
                 there
                 might
                 be
                 none
                 of
                 his
                 Line
                 left
                 to
                 succeed
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 )
                 purpos'd
                 to
                 kill
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 Roxana
                 his
                 Mother
                 .
                 But
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 being
                 willing
                 first
                 to
                 observe
                 what
                 People's
                 
                 Discourses
                 were
                 concerning
                 the
                 cutting
                 off
                 of
                 Olympias
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 as
                 yet
                 no
                 certain
                 Account
                 how
                 Things
                 went
                 with
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 he
                 committed
                 Roxana
                 and
                 her
                 Son
                 close
                 Prisoners
                 to
                 the
                 Castle
                 at
                 Amphipolis
                 under
                 the
                 Charge
                 of
                 Glaucias
                 ,
                 then
                 by
                 him
                 made
                 
                 Governor
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 in
                 whom
                 he
                 plac'd
                 great
                 Confidence
                 .
                 He
                 likewise
                 took
                 away
                 from
                 the
                 young
                 King
                 those
                 Children
                 that
                 were
                 bred
                 up
                 with
                 him
                 as
                 his
                 Companions
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 no
                 longer
                 attended
                 as
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 nor
                 regarded
                 otherwise
                 than
                 as
                 a
                 private
                 Person
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 Ruling
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 in
                 all
                 Things
                 as
                 King
                 ,
                 he
                 Royally
                 and
                 Sumptuously
                 Interr'd
                 at
                 
                   Aegis
                   ,
                   Eurydice
                
                 and
                 Philip
                 ,
                 the
                 late
                 King
                 and
                 Queen
                 ;
                 and
                 Cinna
                 ,
                 whom
                 Alcetas
                 had
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 gracing
                 the
                 Dead
                 with
                 the
                 Solemnity
                 of
                 Funeral
                 Sports
                 and
                 Plays
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 he
                 rais'd
                 Soldiers
                 out
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 for
                 the
                 Expedition
                 resolv'd
                 upon
                 into
                 Peloponnesus
                 .
                 While
                 he
                 was
                 employ'd
                 in
                 these
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 Polysperchon
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 besieg'd
                 in
                 Naxius
                 in
                 Perrebea
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 heard
                 of
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Olympias
                 ,
                 in
                 despair
                 of
                 retrieving
                 of
                 his
                 Affairs
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 few
                 in
                 his
                 Company
                 broke
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 pass'd
                 through
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 Aeacides
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 into
                 Aetolia
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 judg'd
                 he
                 might
                 safely
                 abide
                 ,
                 and
                 observe
                 how
                 Things
                 went
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 good
                 Understanding
                 between
                 him
                 and
                 this
                 Nation
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Cassander
                 having
                 now
                 rais'd
                 a
                 considerable
                 Army
                 ,
                 marches
                 out
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 with
                 an
                 
                 intent
                 to
                 drive
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Polysperchon
                 out
                 of
                 Peloponnesus
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 was
                 the
                 only
                 Enemy
                 left
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 many
                 convenient
                 Posts
                 and
                 Towns
                 there
                 .
                 Through
                 Thessaly
                 he
                 march'd
                 without
                 any
                 opposition
                 ;
                 but
                 found
                 the
                 Pass
                 at
                 Pylas
                 guarded
                 by
                 the
                 Etolians
                 ,
                 whom
                 having
                 with
                 much
                 difficulty
                 beaten
                 off
                 ,
                 he
                 came
                 into
                 Boeotia
                 ,
                 where
                 getting
                 all
                 the
                 Thebans
                 together
                 that
                 were
                 remaining
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 ,
                 he
                 set
                 upon
                 repeopling
                 of
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 conceiving
                 now
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 fair
                 opportunity
                 put
                 into
                 his
                 hands
                 for
                 the
                 rebuilding
                 of
                 that
                 City
                 ,
                 famous
                 both
                 for
                 its
                 renowned
                 Actions
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 ancient
                 Stories
                 concerning
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 so
                 good
                 a
                 Work
                 ,
                 he
                 concluded
                 he
                 should
                 reap
                 the
                 Fruit
                 of
                 an
                 Immortal
                 Fame
                 and
                 Glory
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 City
                 had
                 felt
                 very
                 many
                 Changes
                 and
                 Turns
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 
                 Extremity
                 ,
                 being
                 sometimes
                 in
                 danger
                 of
                 being
                 raz'd
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
                 Of
                 which
                 ,
                 to
                 say
                 something
                 briefly
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 any
                 foreign
                 Digression
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 
                 Deucolion's
                 Flood
                 ,
                 when
                 Cadmus
                 had
                 built
                 the
                 Cittadel
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Cadmea
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 
                 Name
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 call'd
                 Spartans
                 or
                 Sparsans
                 flock'd
                 thither
                 in
                 droves
                 ,
                 call'd
                 so
                 by
                 some
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 flock'd
                 together
                 from
                 all
                 Places
                 ;
                 others
                 call'd
                 them
                 *
                 Thebigens
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Natives
                 of
                 Thebes
                 were
                 forc'd
                 away
                 by
                 the
                 Flood
                 ,
                 and
                 dispers'd
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 When
                 these
                 were
                 again
                 return'd
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 afterwards
                 expell'd
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 by
                 the
                 Ench●lensians
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 even
                 Cadmus
                 himself
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fly
                 to
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 when
                 Amphion
                 and
                 Zethus
                 rul'd
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 first
                 built
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 *
                 Poet
                 says
                 ,
                 )
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Who
                   first
                   Thebes
                   Walls
                   with
                   Seven
                   Gates
                   did
                   raise
                   .
                   
                
              
               
                 The
                 Inhabitants
                 were
                 again
                 expuls'd
                 ,
                 when
                 Polydorus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Cadmus
                 return'd
                 into
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 where
                 all
                 Things
                 were
                 then
                 carelesly
                 manag'd
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 sad
                 Condition
                 of
                 *
                 Amphion
                 for
                 the
                 Loss
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Children
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 again
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 his
                 †
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 (
                 when
                 all
                 the
                 Country
                 was
                 call'd
                 Boeotia
                 ,
                 from
                 one
                 Boeotus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Melanippes
                 and
                 Neptune
                 ,
                 who
                 reign'd
                 there
                 ,
                 )
                 the
                 Thebans
                 were
                 expell'd
                 the
                 third
                 time
                 by
                 the
                 ‖
                 Epigoni
                 of
                 Argos
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 by
                 force
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 escap'd
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 expell'd
                 ,
                 fled
                 to
                 Alalcomenia
                 and
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Tilphosius
                 ;
                 but
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 these
                 Argives
                 ,
                 they
                 return'd
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 ‡
                 In
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Trojan
                 War
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Thebans
                 were
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 those
                 who
                 stay'd
                 at
                 home
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 other
                 Boeotians
                 ,
                 were
                 expell'd
                 by
                 the
                 Pelasgians
                 :
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 endur'd
                 many
                 and
                 various
                 Calamities
                 in
                 the
                 course
                 of
                 near
                 four
                 Generations
                 ,
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Oracle
                 relating
                 to
                 the
                 Crows
                 ,
                 )
                 they
                 return'd
                 ,
                 and
                 inhabited
                 Thebes
                 .
              
               
                 From
                 this
                 time
                 this
                 City
                 continu'd
                 in
                 a
                 State
                 of
                 Prosperity
                 near
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 Years
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 Thebans
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 had
                 the
                 chief
                 Command
                 over
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 .
              
               
               
                 Afterwards
                 when
                 they
                 attempted
                 to
                 be
                 Sovereign
                 Lords
                 of
                 all
                 
                   Greece
                   ,
                   Alexander
                
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Philip
                 took
                 it
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 raz'd
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Twentieth
                 Year
                 next
                 after
                 ,
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 himself
                 Famous
                 ,
                 and
                 advance
                 his
                 own
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 he
                 so
                 
                 far
                 prevai●d
                 with
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 for
                 their
                 Concurrence
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 rebuilt
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 
                 it
                 to
                 those
                 Thebans
                 that
                 were
                 then
                 remaining
                 of
                 the
                 old
                 Stock
                 .
                 Many
                 of
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 afforded
                 their
                 Assistance
                 to
                 the
                 rebuilding
                 of
                 this
                 Place
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 Compassion
                 to
                 the
                 distressed
                 Condition
                 of
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 ancient
                 Fame
                 and
                 Glory
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 Athenians
                 built
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 assisted
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Abilities
                 ;
                 and
                 Contributions
                 were
                 sent
                 not
                 only
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 but
                 from
                 some
                 both
                 in
                 Sicily
                 and
                 Italy
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 Thebans
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 restor'd
                 to
                 the
                 ancient
                 Seat
                 of
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 .
                 Then
                 Cassander
                 mov'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 towards
                 Peloponnesus
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 found
                 that
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Polysperchon
                 had
                 fortify'd
                 the
                 Isthmus
                 with
                 strong
                 Guards
                 ,
                 he
                 turn'd
                 aside
                 to
                 Megara
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 he
                 fitted
                 out
                 some
                 Boats
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 them
                 transported
                 his
                 Elephants
                 to
                 Epidaurus
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 in
                 other
                 Ships
                 .
                 Thence
                 coming
                 to
                 Argos
                 ,
                 he
                 forc'd
                 them
                 to
                 quit
                 their
                 Confederacy
                 with
                 Alexander
                 and
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 brought
                 over
                 to
                 him
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 and
                 Towns
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 Messina
                 ,
                 except
                 Ithom
                 ;
                 and
                 Hermonides
                 he
                 took
                 in
                 upon
                 Articles
                 of
                 Agreement
                 :
                 But
                 upon
                 
                 Alexander's
                 marching
                 down
                 to
                 fight
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Men
                 at
                 *
                 Geraneia
                 ,
                 near
                 the
                 Istmos
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Molycus
                 ,
                 and
                 and
                 return'd
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 IV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Antigonus
                   his
                   Army
                   feasted
                   by
                   Seleucus
                   in
                   Babylon
                   .
                   Falls
                   out
                   with
                   Seleucus
                   ,
                   who
                   flies
                   to
                   Ptolemy
                   ,
                   and
                   is
                   kindly
                   receiv'd
                   .
                   
                     Ptolemy
                     ,
                     Seleucus
                     ,
                     Cassander
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Lysimachus
                   ,
                   join
                   against
                   Antigonus
                   ,
                   They
                   send
                   Ambassadors
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   who
                   Winters
                   in
                   Cilicia
                   He
                   goes
                   into
                   Phoenicia
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   builds
                   Ships
                   ;
                   besieges
                   Tyre
                   .
                   The
                   Praise
                   of
                   Phyla
                   ,
                   Wife
                   of
                   
                     Demetrius
                     .
                     Aristodemus
                  
                   raises
                   Forces
                   for
                   Antigonus
                   in
                   Peloponnesus
                   .
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Ptolemy
                   ,
                   one
                   of
                   Antigonus
                   his
                   Captains
                   .
                   Antigonus
                   his
                   Policy
                   .
                   Tyre
                   deliver'd
                   .
                   The
                   Agreement
                   of
                   
                   Ptolemy's
                   Captains
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   at
                   Cyprus
                   .
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Seleucus
                   .
                   A
                   Fleet
                   comes
                   to
                   Antigonus
                   from
                   the
                   Hellespont
                   and
                   Rhodes
                   .
                   Things
                   done
                   in
                   Peloponnesus
                   .
                   Cassander's
                   Acts
                   there
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   Greece
                   .
                   The
                   great
                   Victory
                   by
                   Sea
                   and
                   Land
                   obtain'd
                   by
                   
                     Polyclitus
                     Seleucus
                  
                   ,
                   his
                   Lieutenant
                   :
                   He
                   's
                   rewarded
                   by
                   Ptolemy
                   .
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Agathocles
                   in
                   Sicily
                   .
                   The
                   Romans
                   War
                   with
                   the
                   Samnites
                   .
                
              
               
                 AT
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 Year
                 ,
                 Praxibulus
                 was
                 created
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 
                   Spurius
                   Nautius
                
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Popilius
                
                 bore
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 time
                 Antigonus
                 left
                 one
                 Aspisa
                 a
                 Native
                 ,
                 Governor
                 of
                 Susiana
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 resolving
                 to
                 carry
                 away
                 with
                 him
                 all
                 the
                 Monies
                 ,
                 prepar'd
                 Carriages
                 and
                 Camels
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 to
                 bring
                 it
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Sea-side
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 having
                 it
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 march'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 towards
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 reach'd
                 in
                 Two
                 and
                 twenty
                 days
                 March
                 ;
                 where
                 Seleucus
                 the
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 received
                 him
                 with
                 Royal
                 Presents
                 ,
                 and
                 feasted
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 Antigonus
                 demanded
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 Revenue
                 ,
                 he
                 told
                 them
                 ,
                 He
                 was
                 not
                 bound
                 to
                 give
                 any
                 Account
                 of
                 that
                 Province
                 which
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 had
                 bestow'd
                 upon
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 Reward
                 of
                 his
                 Service
                 in
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Life-time
                 .
                 The
                 Difference
                 growing
                 wider
                 and
                 wider
                 every
                 day
                 ,
                 Seleucus
                 remembring
                 
                 Pitho's
                 fall
                 ,
                 was
                 thereupon
                 the
                 more
                 afraid
                 ,
                 lest
                 Antigonus
                 should
                 catch
                 an
                 Opportunity
                 to
                 put
                 him
                 also
                 to
                 Death
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 seem'd
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 Design
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 (
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 possible
                 he
                 could
                 )
                 all
                 Men
                 in
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 Capacity
                 to
                 struggle
                 for
                 the
                 chief
                 Command
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 worst
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 made
                 away
                 with
                 Fifty
                 Horse
                 only
                 in
                 his
                 Company
                 ,
                 intending
                 to
                 go
                 into
                 Egypt
                 to
                 Ptolemy
                 .
                 For
                 his
                 Kindess
                 and
                 courteous
                 Behaviour
                 
                 towards
                 all
                 that
                 came
                 to
                 him
                 for
                 Protection
                 and
                 Shelter
                 ,
                 was
                 cry'd
                 up
                 in
                 every
                 Place
                 .
                 When
                 Antigonus
                 came
                 to
                 understand
                 this
                 ,
                 he
                 rejoic'd
                 exceedingly
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 forc'd
                 to
                 destroy
                 his
                 Friend
                 and
                 potent
                 Confederate
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 Seleucus
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 voluntary
                 Banishment
                 had
                 seem'd
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 accord
                 ,
                 without
                 a
                 Stroke
                 struck
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 the
                 Caldeans
                 came
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 foretold
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 Seleucus
                 got
                 absolutely
                 away
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 Lord
                 of
                 all
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 in
                 a
                 Battel
                 between
                 them
                 Antigonus
                 himself
                 
                 
                 should
                 be
                 kill'd
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 being
                 sorry
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 let
                 him
                 go
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 some
                 away
                 to
                 pursue
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 having
                 follow'd
                 him
                 some
                 little
                 way
                 ,
                 they
                 return'd
                 as
                 they
                 went.
                 Antigonus
                 was
                 wont
                 to
                 slight
                 these
                 kind
                 of
                 Divinations
                 in
                 other
                 Men
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 amaz'd
                 and
                 affrighted
                 with
                 the
                 high
                 Esteem
                 and
                 Reputation
                 of
                 these
                 Men
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 very
                 much
                 disturb'd
                 in
                 his
                 Thoughts
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 were
                 judg'd
                 to
                 be
                 Men
                 very
                 expert
                 and
                 skilful
                 through
                 their
                 exact
                 and
                 diligent
                 Observation
                 of
                 the
                 Stars
                 :
                 And
                 they
                 affirm
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 and
                 their
                 Predecessors
                 have
                 study'd
                 this
                 Art
                 of
                 Astrology
                 for
                 above
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Years
                 .
                 And
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 foretold
                 concerning
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Death
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 enter'd
                 into
                 Babylon
                 ;
                 was
                 found
                 true
                 by
                 late
                 Experience
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 truth
                 ,
                 as
                 those
                 Predictions
                 concerning
                 Alexander
                 came
                 afterwards
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 so
                 what
                 they
                 now
                 said
                 relating
                 to
                 Seleucus
                 were
                 likewise
                 in
                 due
                 time
                 accomplish'd
                 .
                 Of
                 which
                 we
                 shall
                 treat
                 particularly
                 when
                 we
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Times
                 proper
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 .
              
               
                 Seleucus
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 got
                 safe
                 into
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 was
                 entertain'd
                 by
                 Ptolemy
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Expressions
                 of
                 Kindness
                 and
                 Affection
                 that
                 might
                 be
                 ;
                 where
                 he
                 bitterly
                 complain'd
                 against
                 
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 affirming
                 that
                 his
                 Design
                 was
                 to
                 expel
                 all
                 Persons
                 of
                 eminent
                 Quality
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 in
                 Service
                 under
                 Alexander
                 ;
                 which
                 he
                 back'd
                 with
                 Arguments
                 from
                 
                 Pitho's
                 being
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 ,
                 and
                 Peucestes
                 being
                 depriv'd
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 the
                 Usage
                 he
                 himself
                 had
                 lately
                 met
                 with
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 these
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 had
                 never
                 done
                 any
                 thing
                 to
                 deserve
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 upon
                 all
                 Occasions
                 perform'd
                 all
                 the
                 Acts
                 of
                 Kindness
                 and
                 Service
                 to
                 him
                 that
                 was
                 in
                 their
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 Reward
                 of
                 all
                 they
                 reap'd
                 from
                 their
                 Service
                 .
                 He
                 reckon'd
                 up
                 likewise
                 the
                 Strength
                 of
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 his
                 great
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 late
                 Successes
                 ,
                 which
                 so
                 puff'd
                 him
                 up
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 hopes
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 over
                 all
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Having
                 by
                 these
                 Arguments
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 Ptolemy
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 over
                 into
                 Europe
                 ,
                 to
                 prevail
                 with
                 Cassander
                 and
                 Lysimachus
                 with
                 the
                 like
                 Arguments
                 to
                 appear
                 in
                 Arms
                 against
                 Antigonus
                 .
                 Which
                 Orders
                 being
                 forthwith
                 executed
                 ,
                 Foundations
                 were
                 laid
                 for
                 a
                 mighty
                 War
                 ,
                 which
                 afterwards
                 follow'd
                 .
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 upon
                 many
                 probable
                 Conjectures
                 ,
                 conceiving
                 what
                 was
                 Seleucus
                 his
                 design
                 ,
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 
                   Ptolemy
                   ,
                   Cassander
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Lysimachus
                 ,
                 to
                 desire
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 ancient
                 Friendship
                 might
                 be
                 preserv'd
                 and
                 maintain'd
                 amongst
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 then
                 having
                 made
                 Pithon
                 ,
                 who
                 came
                 out
                 of
                 India
                 ,
                 Lord-Lieutenant
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 he
                 broke
                 up
                 
                 his
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 towards
                 Cilicia
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 *
                 Mallos
                 ,
                 he
                 distributed
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Winter-Quarters
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 Month
                 of
                 †
                 November
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Treasury
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Quindi
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 ,
                 and
                 Eleven
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 yearly
                 Revenues
                 of
                 that
                 Province
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 very
                 formidable
                 both
                 in
                 respect
                 of
                 his
                 great
                 Forces
                 and
                 the
                 vastness
                 of
                 his
                 Treasure
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 being
                 remov'd
                 into
                 the
                 Upper
                 Syria
                 ,
                 Ambassadors
                 came
                 to
                 him
                 from
                 
                   Ptolemy
                   ,
                   Cassander
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Lysimachus
                 ,
                 
                 who
                 being
                 introduc'd
                 as
                 he
                 sate
                 in
                 Council
                 ,
                 demanded
                 all
                 Cappadocia
                 and
                 Lycia
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 be
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 to
                 
                   Cassander
                   ;
                   Phrygia
                
                 ,
                 bordering
                 upon
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 to
                 Lystmachus
                 ;
                 all
                 Syria
                 to
                 Ptolemy
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Babylon
                 to
                 Seleucus
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 common
                 Stock
                 of
                 Moneys
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 incroach'd
                 upon
                 since
                 the
                 Battel
                 with
                 Eumenes
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 shar'd
                 equally
                 amongst
                 them
                 ;
                 which
                 if
                 he
                 refus'd
                 ,
                 then
                 they
                 were
                 to
                 let
                 him
                 know
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 
                 Masters
                 intended
                 with
                 their
                 joint
                 Forces
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 him
                 .
                 Whereunto
                 he
                 answer'd
                 roughly
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 was
                 now
                 making
                 a
                 War
                 upon
                 Ptolemy
                 ;
                 and
                 thereupon
                 ,
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 return'd
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 effect
                 of
                 their
                 Embassy
                 :
                 And
                 upon
                 this
                 Answer
                 ,
                 
                   Ptolemy
                   ,
                   Cassander
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Lysimachus
                 entred
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 gathered
                 their
                 Forces
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 it
                 their
                 business
                 to
                 provide
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 And
                 now
                 Antigonus
                 perceiving
                 how
                 many
                 great
                 and
                 potent
                 Adversaries
                 had
                 confederated
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 a
                 Storm
                 was
                 ready
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 sought
                 the
                 Alliance
                 and
                 Confederacy
                 of
                 other
                 Cities
                 ,
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 Princes
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 this
                 purpose
                 dispatch'd
                 away
                 Agisilaus
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 
                   Cyprus
                   ,
                   Idomineus
                
                 and
                 Moschion
                 to
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 his
                 own
                 Brother's
                 Son
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 to
                 raise
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Amisus
                 in
                 Cappadocia
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 drive
                 out
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 thither
                 by
                 Cassander
                 .
                 He
                 commanded
                 him
                 likewise
                 to
                 go
                 to
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 and
                 fall
                 upon
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 attempted
                 to
                 pass
                 over
                 out
                 of
                 Europe
                 into
                 Asia
                 .
                 He
                 sent
                 away
                 likewise
                 Aristodemus
                 the
                 Milesian
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 enter
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 of
                 Amity
                 with
                 Alexander
                 and
                 Polysperchon
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 hire
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 Cassander
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 himself
                 dispos'd
                 Becons
                 and
                 Courriers
                 throughout
                 all
                 Asia
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 wholly
                 at
                 his
                 Command
                 ,
                 hereby
                 to
                 give
                 and
                 get
                 Knowledge
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 that
                 pass'd
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 manage
                 his
                 Affairs
                 with
                 the
                 greater
                 Expedition
                 .
              
               
               
                 Having
                 taken
                 this
                 Order
                 ,
                 he
                 marches
                 into
                 Phaenicia
                 to
                 provide
                 a
                 Fleet
                 :
                 For
                 at
                 that
                 
                 time
                 the
                 Enemy
                 had
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 abundance
                 of
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 himself
                 had
                 not
                 one
                 .
                 Encamping
                 near
                 to
                 Tyre
                 ,
                 with
                 design
                 to
                 Besiege
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 for
                 the
                 petty
                 Kings
                 of
                 Phaenicia
                 ,
                 and
                 Governors
                 of
                 Syria
                 ,
                 and
                 dealt
                 with
                 them
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Building
                 of
                 Ships
                 ,
                 because
                 all
                 the
                 Ships
                 that
                 belong'd
                 to
                 Phaenicia
                 were
                 then
                 with
                 Ptolemy
                 in
                 Aegypt
                 .
                 He
                 gave
                 them
                 likewise
                 Order
                 to
                 bring
                 him
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 Four
                 Millions
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 Bushels
                 of
                 Wheat
                 ;
                 for
                 to
                 so
                 much
                 came
                 the
                 yearly
                 Expence
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 got
                 together
                 Hewers
                 of
                 Timber
                 ,
                 Sawers
                 ,
                 and
                 Ship
                 Carpenters
                 ,
                 from
                 all
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 caus'd
                 Timber
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 down
                 from
                 Mount
                 Lebanon
                 to
                 the
                 Sea-side
                 ,
                 employing
                 therein
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 Men
                 to
                 Work
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Thou-Beasts
                 for
                 Carriage
                 This
                 Mount
                 runs
                 through
                 
                   Tripolis
                   ,
                   Byblia
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Sidonia
                 ,
                 and
                 abounds
                 in
                 most
                 beautiful
                 tall
                 Cedars
                 and
                 Cypress
                 Trees
                 .
                 He
                 appointed
                 three
                 Arsenals
                 in
                 Phaenicia
                 ,
                 
                 one
                 at
                 Tripolis
                 ,
                 another
                 at
                 Byblia
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Third
                 at
                 Sidon
                 ;
                 a
                 Fourth
                 he
                 had
                 in
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 whither
                 Timber
                 was
                 brought
                 from
                 Mount
                 Taurus
                 ;
                 and
                 a
                 Fifth
                 in
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 suffer'd
                 him
                 to
                 build
                 Ships
                 of
                 Timber
                 ,
                 convey'd
                 thither
                 at
                 his
                 own
                 Charge
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 Antigonus
                 was
                 thus
                 employ'd
                 and
                 lay
                 Encamp'd
                 by
                 the
                 Sea
                 side
                 ,
                 Seleucus
                 came
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Sail
                 out
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 quick
                 Sailers
                 ,
                 and
                 Royally
                 furnish'd
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 scornful
                 manner
                 skirr'd
                 under
                 the
                 Noses
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 which
                 not
                 a
                 little
                 troubled
                 the
                 Minds
                 of
                 his
                 new
                 Associates
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 join'd
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 carrying
                 on
                 of
                 the
                 Work.
                 For
                 it
                 was
                 very
                 apparent
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 now
                 being
                 Master
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 waste
                 and
                 spoil
                 those
                 who
                 out
                 of
                 kindness
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 had
                 join'd
                 with
                 their
                 Adversaries
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Antigonus
                 bid
                 them
                 be
                 of
                 good
                 chear
                 ,
                 for
                 before
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 Summer
                 ,
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 at
                 Sea
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Sail.
                 
              
               
                 Agesilaus
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 while
                 ,
                 return'd
                 with
                 his
                 Embassy
                 out
                 of
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 word
                 ,
                 that
                 Nicocreon
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 potent
                 Kings
                 of
                 that
                 Island
                 had
                 already
                 confederated
                 
                 with
                 Ptolemy
                 ;
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   Citticus
                   ,
                   Lapitbius
                   ,
                   Marius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Cyrenites
                 ,
                 would
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Men
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Andronicus
                 ,
                 to
                 maintain
                 the
                 Siege
                 against
                 Tyre
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 march'd
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 against
                 
                 Gaza
                 and
                 Joppe
                 ,
                 which
                 stood
                 out
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 them
                 by
                 force
                 ;
                 and
                 such
                 of
                 
                 Ptolemy's
                 Men
                 as
                 he
                 found
                 there
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 and
                 distributed
                 them
                 among
                 his
                 own
                 Regiments
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 Garisons
                 in
                 both
                 those
                 Cities
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 in
                 Obedience
                 .
                 Which
                 done
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 to
                 his
                 standing
                 Camp
                 about
                 Tyre
                 ,
                 and
                 prepar'd
                 all
                 necessaries
                 for
                 a
                 Siege
                 against
                 it
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 Aristo
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 intrusted
                 by
                 Eumenes
                 to
                 carry
                 Craterus
                 his
                 Bones
                 ,
                 delivered
                 them
                 to
                 Phila
                 to
                 be
                 buried
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 marry'd
                 first
                 to
                 Craterus
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 to
                 Demetrius
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 a
                 Woman
                 of
                 excellent
                 Parts
                 and
                 Prudence
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 her
                 prudent
                 Behaviour
                 and
                 Carriage
                 towards
                 every
                 Soldier
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 able
                 
                 to
                 qualify
                 and
                 moderate
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 most
                 Turbulent
                 ,
                 and
                 she
                 put
                 forth
                 the
                 Daughters
                 and
                 Sisters
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 Poor
                 ,
                 at
                 her
                 own
                 Charge
                 ;
                 and
                 prevented
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
                 many
                 that
                 were
                 falsly
                 accus'd
                 .
                 It
                 s
                 reported
                 ,
                 that
                 Antipater
                 her
                 Father
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 prudent
                 Prince
                 that
                 Govern'd
                 in
                 this
                 Age
                 )
                 was
                 us'd
                 to
                 consult
                 with
                 Phila
                 his
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 weighty
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 while
                 she
                 was
                 but
                 yet
                 a
                 Girl
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Prudence
                 of
                 this
                 Woman
                 will
                 more
                 fully
                 appear
                 in
                 the
                 following
                 Narration
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 things
                 tended
                 
                 to
                 a
                 Revolution
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fatal
                 Period
                 of
                 Demetrius
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 and
                 Phila
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 Amongst
                 the
                 Captains
                 sent
                 away
                 by
                 
                   Antigonus
                   ,
                   Aristodemus
                
                 pass'd
                 over
                 to
                 Laconia
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 got
                 leave
                 of
                 the
                 Spartans
                 to
                 raise
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 got
                 together
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 out
                 of
                 Peloponnesus
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 upon
                 Conference
                 with
                 Polysperchon
                 and
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 join'd
                 them
                 both
                 in
                 a
                 firm
                 League
                 of
                 Amity
                 with
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Polysperchon
                 General
                 over
                 the
                 Forces
                 in
                 Peloponnesus
                 ;
                 but
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 Alexander
                 to
                 pass
                 over
                 into
                 Asia
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 .
              
               
                 Ptolomeus
                 ,
                 another
                 of
                 his
                 Captains
                 ,
                 going
                 into
                 Cappadocia
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 
                 finding
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Amisus
                 besieg'd
                 by
                 Asclepidorus
                 ,
                 a
                 Captain
                 of
                 
                 Cassander's
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 the
                 Siege
                 and
                 secur'd
                 the
                 Place
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 having
                 sent
                 away
                 Asclepidorus
                 packing
                 upon
                 certain
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 recover'd
                 that
                 whole
                 Province
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 ;
                 and
                 marching
                 thence
                 through
                 Bithynia
                 ,
                 came
                 upon
                 the
                 back
                 of
                 Zibytes
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Bithynians
                 ,
                 whilst
                 he
                 was
                 busie
                 in
                 besieging
                 of
                 two
                 Cities
                 at
                 once
                 ,
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Assarenians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 of
                 the
                 Calcedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 him
                 to
                 raise
                 his
                 Siege
                 from
                 both
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 falling
                 to
                 Capitulations
                 both
                 with
                 him
                 and
                 the
                 Cities
                 that
                 were
                 besieg'd
                 ,
                 after
                 Hostages
                 receiv'd
                 ,
                 remov'd
                 thence
                 
                 towards
                 Ionia
                 and
                 Lydia
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 Antigonus
                 had
                 written
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 secure
                 that
                 Coast
                 with
                 
                 all
                 possible
                 speed
                 ,
                 having
                 intelligence
                 that
                 Seleucus
                 was
                 going
                 into
                 those
                 Parts
                 with
                 his
                 Fleet
                 ;
                 whither
                 indeed
                 he
                 came
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 Erythras
                 :
                 But
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 approach
                 left
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 away
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 .
                 Mean
                 while
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Polysperchon
                 ,
                 
                 came
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 who
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 calling
                 a
                 general
                 
                 Council
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 and
                 the
                 Strangers
                 there
                 resident
                 ,
                 declar'd
                 unto
                 them
                 how
                 Cassander
                 had
                 murder'd
                 Olympias
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 villainously
                 he
                 had
                 dealt
                 with
                 Roxana
                 and
                 the
                 young
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 forc'd
                 Thessalonices
                 to
                 marry
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 very
                 clear
                 and
                 evident
                 that
                 he
                 aspir'd
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 planted
                 the
                 Olynthians
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 bitter
                 Enemies
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 call'd
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 ;
                 That
                 he
                 had
                 rebuilt
                 Thebes
                 that
                 was
                 raz'd
                 by
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 :
                 Having
                 thus
                 incens'd
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 and
                 wrote
                 an
                 Edict
                 ,
                 That
                 Cassander
                 
                   should
                   be
                   taken
                   as
                   an
                   open
                   Enemy
                   ,
                   unless
                   he
                   raz'd
                   the
                   two
                   Cities
                   ,
                   releas'd
                   the
                   King
                   and
                
                 Roxana
                 
                   his
                   Mother
                   ,
                   and
                   return'd
                   them
                   safe
                   to
                   the
                
                 Macedonians
                 :
                 
                   And
                   lastly
                   ,
                   Unless
                   he
                   submitted
                   to
                
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 
                   as
                   General
                   and
                   sole
                   Protector
                   of
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   ;
                   and
                   free
                   all
                   the
                
                 Greek
                 
                   Cities
                   ,
                   and
                   withdraw
                   all
                   the
                   Garisons
                   out
                   of
                   them
                   .
                
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Army
                 had
                 approv'd
                 of
                 this
                 Edict
                 by
                 their
                 Suffrages
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 Courriers
                 away
                 to
                 publish
                 it
                 in
                 all
                 places
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 hop'd
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 this
                 Means
                 all
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 in
                 expectation
                 of
                 having
                 their
                 Liberties
                 restor'd
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 his
                 Consederates
                 ,
                 and
                 readily
                 assist
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 Higher
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 who
                 before
                 suspected
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 design'd
                 to
                 deprive
                 the
                 Posterity
                 of
                 Alexander
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 (
                 now
                 that
                 
                 it
                 clearly
                 appear'd
                 that
                 he
                 took
                 up
                 Arms
                 in
                 their
                 behalf
                 )
                 would
                 observe
                 all
                 his
                 Commands
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 dispatch'd
                 all
                 these
                 Matters
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 back
                 Alexander
                 with
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 into
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 hopes
                 rais'd
                 in
                 expectation
                 of
                 mighty
                 Matters
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 himself
                 with
                 Shipping
                 had
                 from
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 he
                 had
                 lately
                 built
                 ,
                 set
                 sail
                 for
                 Tyre
                 ;
                 where
                 being
                 now
                 Master
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 he
                 so
                 block'd
                 it
                 up
                 for
                 thirteen
                 Months
                 together
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 supply
                 of
                 Victuals
                 could
                 be
                 brought
                 thither
                 ,
                 and
                 thereby
                 reduc'd
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 into
                 so
                 
                 great
                 distress
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 length
                 (
                 upon
                 suffering
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 march
                 away
                 with
                 some
                 small
                 things
                 that
                 were
                 their
                 own
                 )
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 surrender'd
                 to
                 him
                 upon
                 Terms
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 plac'd
                 a
                 Garison
                 in
                 it
                 for
                 its
                 Defence
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Ptolemy
                 hearing
                 what
                 a
                 Declaration
                 Antigonus
                 with
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 had
                 made
                 ,
                 concerning
                 the
                 Liberty
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 made
                 the
                 like
                 himself
                 ,
                 as
                 desirous
                 that
                 
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 should
                 take
                 notice
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 no
                 less
                 zealous
                 for
                 the
                 Liberty
                 of
                 Greece
                 than
                 Antigonus
                 was
                 :
                 For
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 well
                 considering
                 of
                 how
                 great
                 moment
                 it
                 was
                 to
                 their
                 Affairs
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 good
                 Will
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 strove
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 which
                 should
                 oblige
                 them
                 most
                 by
                 Acts
                 of
                 Grace
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 join'd
                 to
                 his
                 Party
                 the
                 Governor
                 of
                 Caria
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 many
                 great
                 Cities
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 .
                 And
                 thô
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 sent
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 the
                 Kings
                 in
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 hastned
                 away
                 
                 many
                 more
                 ,
                 to
                 reduce
                 those
                 who
                 had
                 there
                 sided
                 against
                 him
                 .
                 Those
                 sent
                 were
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Myrmidon
                 ,
                 an
                 Athenian
                 born
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Hundred
                 sail
                 of
                 Ships
                 ,
                 Commanded
                 by
                 Polyclitus
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 General
                 over
                 all
                 he
                 made
                 his
                 Brother
                 Menelaus
                 .
              
               
                 These
                 coming
                 into
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 join'd
                 then
                 with
                 Seleucus
                 and
                 his
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 advis'd
                 what
                 course
                 was
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 .
                 The
                 Result
                 of
                 which
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 Polyclitus
                 with
                 Fifty
                 sail
                 should
                 pass
                 into
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 should
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 
                   Aristodemus
                   ,
                   Polysperchon
                
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Son
                 Alexander
                 :
                 That
                 Myrmidon
                 should
                 go
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Foreigners
                 
                 into
                 Caria
                 ,
                 there
                 to
                 help
                 Cassander
                 against
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 a
                 Captain
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 who
                 pressed
                 hard
                 upon
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Seleucus
                 and
                 Menelaus
                 staying
                 in
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 should
                 bear
                 up
                 Nicocreon
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 against
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 thus
                 therefore
                 divided
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 Seleucus
                 went
                 and
                 took
                 Cyrinia
                 and
                 Lapithus
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 drawn
                 over
                 Stasiecus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Malenses
                 ,
                 to
                 his
                 Party
                 ,
                 he
                 forc'd
                 the
                 Prince
                 of
                 the
                 Amathusians
                 to
                 give
                 him
                 Hostages
                 for
                 his
                 Fealty
                 for
                 the
                 time
                 to
                 come
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 City
                 Citium
                 (
                 seeing
                 it
                 would
                 come
                 to
                 no
                 Agreement
                 with
                 him
                 )
                 he
                 fell
                 to
                 besiege
                 it
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 came
                 Forty
                 Ships
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 and
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 one
                 Themison
                 ,
                 their
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 them
                 came
                 Dioscorides
                 
                 with
                 Fourscore
                 more
                 ;
                 though
                 Antigonus
                 had
                 already
                 a
                 Navy
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 new
                 built
                 in
                 Phenicia
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 twenty
                 Ships
                 ,
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 he
                 left
                 at
                 Tyre
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 Two
                 hundred
                 and
                 forty
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 there
                 were
                 Ninety
                 of
                 four
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 ;
                 Ten
                 of
                 Five
                 ,
                 Three
                 of
                 Nine
                 ;
                 Ten
                 of
                 Ten
                 ;
                 and
                 Thirty
                 open
                 Gallies
                 .
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 dividing
                 this
                 Navy
                 into
                 Squadrons
                 ,
                 sent
                 Fifty
                 of
                 them
                 into
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 he
                 committed
                 to
                 Dioscorides
                 ,
                 his
                 own
                 Brother's
                 Son
                 ,
                 with
                 this
                 Charge
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 guard
                 the
                 Seas
                 ,
                 and
                 help
                 his
                 Friends
                 as
                 their
                 occasion
                 requir'd
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 gain
                 unto
                 his
                 Party
                 such
                 of
                 the
                 Islands
                 as
                 hitherto
                 stood
                 out
                 against
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 Posture
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 .
              
               
               
                 And
                 now
                 ,
                 having
                 related
                 the
                 things
                 done
                 throughout
                 all
                 Asia
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 give
                 a
                 particular
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Europe
                 .
              
               
                 Apolenides
                 being
                 made
                 Commander
                 of
                 the
                 Argives
                 by
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 broke
                 into
                 Arcadia
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 surpriz'd
                 the
                 *
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Stymphalions
                 .
                 And
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 absent
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Argives
                 (
                 Enemies
                 to
                 Cassander
                 )
                 corresponded
                 with
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Polysperchon
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 the
                 †
                 City
                 into
                 his
                 Hands
                 .
                 But
                 Alexander
                 being
                 too
                 slow
                 ,
                 Apolonides
                 comes
                 to
                 Argos
                 before
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 surpriz'd
                 Five
                 hundred
                 of
                 the
                 Conspirators
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 Senate
                 in
                 the
                 *
                 Prytaneum
                 ,
                 and
                 kept
                 them
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 burnt
                 them
                 there
                 alive
                 ;
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 he
                 banish'd
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 few
                 more
                 he
                 took
                 and
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 .
              
               
                 Cassander
                 having
                 intelligence
                 ,
                 that
                 Aristodemus
                 was
                 arriv'd
                 in
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 listed
                 there
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 sought
                 to
                 draw
                 off
                 Polysperchon
                 from
                 Antigonus
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 prevail
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 through
                 Thessaly
                 and
                 came
                 into
                 Boeotia
                 ;
                 where
                 having
                 assisted
                 the
                 Thebans
                 in
                 raising
                 of
                 their
                 Walls
                 ,
                 he
                 pass'd
                 into
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 and
                 first
                 having
                 taken
                 Cencrea
                 ,
                 he
                 Spoil'd
                 and
                 Harrass'd
                 all
                 the
                 Territory
                 of
                 Corinth
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 took
                 two
                 Castles
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 future
                 Faith
                 and
                 Allegiance
                 ,
                 dismiss'd
                 all
                 the
                 Garison
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 were
                 plac'd
                 there
                 by
                 Alexander
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 besieg'd
                 Orchomenon
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 let
                 into
                 the
                 Town
                 by
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 a
                 Garison
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 Those
                 that
                 sided
                 with
                 Alexander
                 took
                 Sanctuary
                 in
                 
                 Diana's
                 Temple
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 gave
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Citizens
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 them
                 as
                 they
                 thought
                 fit
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 the
                 Orchomenians
                 drew
                 them
                 all
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Temple
                 by
                 Force
                 ,
                 and
                 against
                 the
                 common
                 Laws
                 of
                 Greece
                 put
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 Death
                 .
              
               
                 Cassander
                 went
                 thence
                 into
                 Messenia
                 ,
                 but
                 finding
                 the
                 City
                 strongly
                 Garison'd
                 by
                 Polysperchon
                 ,
                 he
                 thought
                 not
                 fit
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 to
                 besiege
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 march'd
                 into
                 Arcadia
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 left
                 Damides
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 to
                 †
                 Argolides
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 celebrated
                 the
                 Nem'an
                 Games
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 was
                 gone
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 with
                 Aristodemus
                 lay
                 before
                 the
                 Cities
                 in
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 to
                 expell
                 the
                 Garisons
                 of
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour'd
                 all
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 restore
                 the
                 Cities
                 to
                 their
                 Liberties
                 :
                 Which
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 Ears
                 of
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 to
                 him
                 Prepelaus
                 to
                 work
                 upon
                 him
                 to
                 desert
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 and
                 enter
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 of
                 Friendship
                 and
                 Amity
                 with
                 himself
                 ;
                 promising
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 do
                 so
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 give
                 him
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 of
                 all
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 and
                 create
                 him
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 advance
                 him
                 to
                 high
                 Places
                 of
                 Honour
                 and
                 Preferment
                 .
                 Alexander
                 seeing
                 he
                 was
                 now
                 like
                 to
                 attain
                 that
                 for
                 which
                 from
                 the
                 beginning
                 he
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 enters
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 is
                 made
                 General
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Forces
                 in
                 Peloponnesus
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 while
                 ,
                 
                   Polyclitus
                   ,
                   Secleucus
                
                 his
                 Lieutenant
                 ,
                 sailing
                 from
                 Cyprus
                 came
                 to
                 Cencrea
                 ;
                 where
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Defection
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 finding
                 no
                 Enemy
                 there
                 to
                 
                 Encounter
                 ,
                 he
                 chang'd
                 his
                 Course
                 and
                 set
                 sail
                 for
                 Pamphylia
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 arriving
                 at
                 Aphrodisiades
                 in
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 he
                 there
                 understood
                 that
                 Theodotus
                 ,
                 Admiral
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 Navy
                 ,
                 pass'd
                 by
                 from
                 Patara
                 ,
                 a
                 Port
                 in
                 Lycia
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Rhodian
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Mariners
                 out
                 of
                 Caria
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Perilaus
                 with
                 a
                 Land-Army
                 coasted
                 along
                 by
                 the
                 Shore
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 if
                 need
                 should
                 be
                 :
                 In
                 this
                 case
                 he
                 out-witted
                 them
                 both
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 Landed
                 his
                 Men
                 in
                 a
                 Place
                 out
                 of
                 view
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Land-Army
                 must
                 of
                 necessity
                 pass
                 ,
                 and
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 Fleet
                 went
                 and
                 lay
                 behind
                 a
                 Foreland
                 ,
                 waiting
                 for
                 the
                 coming
                 of
                 the
                 Énemy
                 ;
                 there
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Foot
                 fell
                 into
                 an
                 Ambush
                 ,
                 and
                 Perilaus
                 himself
                 being
                 taken
                 Prisoner
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Men
                 all
                 either
                 kill'd
                 or
                 taken
                 .
                 The
                 Fleet
                 at
                 Sea
                 seeing
                 the
                 Land-Army
                 engag'd
                 ,
                 hasted
                 to
                 their
                 Relief
                 ;
                 but
                 then
                 Polyclitus
                 coming
                 upon
                 them
                 in
                 this
                 Confusion
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 Ships
                 drawn
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 Line
                 of
                 Battel
                 ,
                 put
                 them
                 easily
                 to
                 flight
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 Polyclitus
                 took
                 all
                 their
                 Ships
                 and
                 most
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Men
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 amongst
                 the
                 rest
                 Theodotus
                 
                 himself
                 their
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 sorely
                 martyr'd
                 with
                 Wounds
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 shortly
                 after
                 died
                 .
              
               
                 Polyclitus
                 having
                 sped
                 so
                 well
                 on
                 all
                 hands
                 ,
                 sail'd
                 back
                 first
                 to
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 to
                 *
                 Pelusium
                 ,
                 where
                 Ptolemy
                 richly
                 rewarded
                 him
                 for
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Service
                 ,
                 and
                 withal
                 promoted
                 him
                 to
                 a
                 far
                 higher
                 Dignity
                 and
                 Place
                 of
                 Honour
                 than
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 before
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Author
                 
                 of
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Victory
                 :
                 But
                 releas'd
                 Perilaus
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 which
                 Antigonus
                 desir'd
                 by
                 a
                 Messenger
                 sent
                 to
                 him
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 .
                 And
                 then
                 himself
                 going
                 to
                 a
                 Place
                 call'd
                 Ecregma
                 ,
                 came
                 to
                 a
                 Parly
                 with
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 but
                 Antigonus
                 refusing
                 to
                 grant
                 him
                 what
                 he
                 demanded
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 him
                 and
                 return'd
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 now
                 given
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 
                   European
                   Greeks
                
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 Greece
                 and
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 run
                 over
                 to
                 the
                 Parts
                 lying
                 towards
                 the
                 West
                 .
              
               
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 Prince
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 having
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 a
                 Castle
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Messenians
                 ,
                 promis'd
                 to
                 restore
                 it
                 upon
                 receiving
                 of
                 Thirty
                 Talents
                 of
                 Silver
                 :
                 Which
                 
                 when
                 the
                 Messenians
                 had
                 paid
                 ,
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 broke
                 his
                 Faith
                 ,
                 but
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 have
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 Messina
                 it self
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 inform'd
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 were
                 fallen
                 down
                 ,
                 he
                 
                 sent
                 a
                 Party
                 of
                 Horse
                 by
                 Land
                 from
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 in
                 some
                 Ships
                 call'd
                 *
                 Hemiolias
                 ,
                 went
                 by
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 arriv'd
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 close
                 under
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 But
                 they
                 coming
                 to
                 understand
                 his
                 Design
                 before-hand
                 ,
                 wholly
                 defeated
                 him
                 in
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 contriv'd
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 He
                 came
                 to
                 Mylas
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 laying
                 Siege
                 to
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 had
                 it
                 
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 return'd
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 .
                 In
                 Harvest-time
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 second
                 attempt
                 upon
                 Messina
                 ,
                 and
                 Encamping
                 near
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 made
                 continual
                 Assaults
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 effect
                 any
                 thing
                 considerable
                 :
                 For
                 many
                 Exiles
                 were
                 flock'd
                 into
                 this
                 Place
                 from
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 who
                 both
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Preservation
                 ,
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 Hatred
                 to
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 fought
                 most
                 Courageously
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 came
                 Ambassadors
                 from
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 arguing
                 the
                 Case
                 with
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 and
                 complaining
                 of
                 the
                 Breach
                 of
                 Articles
                 ;
                 and
                 making
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Messenians
                 ,
                 they
                 forc'd
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 to
                 restore
                 the
                 *
                 Castle
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 sail'd
                 back
                 into
                 Africa
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 which
                 Agathocles
                 went
                 to
                 Abecenus
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Confederate
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 he
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 Forty
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 look'd
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 these
                 times
                 the
                 Romans
                 were
                 at
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Samnites
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Ferentum
                 by
                 Storm
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Nuceria
                 (
                 call'd
                 Alphatema
                 )
                 were
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Persuasions
                 of
                 some
                 Persons
                 ,
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 to
                 desert
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 and
                 join
                 in
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Samnites
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 V.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   
                     Aristodemus
                     ,
                     Antigonus
                  
                   his
                   General
                   in
                   Peloponnesus
                   .
                   The
                   Dimeans
                   in
                   Achaia
                   seek
                   to
                   free
                   themselves
                   from
                   
                   Cassander's
                   Garison
                   :
                   They
                   take
                   the
                   Cittadel
                   .
                   Alexander
                   ,
                   Son
                   of
                   Polysperchon
                   ,
                   Assassinated
                   .
                   The
                   praise
                   of
                   Cratesipolis
                   his
                   Wife
                   .
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Cassander
                   in
                   Etolia
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Parts
                   of
                   Greece
                   .
                   The
                   Cruelty
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Etolians
                     .
                     Cassander
                  
                   sends
                   an
                   Army
                   into
                   Caria
                   ;
                   and
                   Aristotle
                   with
                   a
                   Fleet
                   to
                   Lemnos
                   .
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   
                   Cassander's
                   Army
                   in
                   
                     Caria
                     .
                     Antigonus
                  
                   Leaves
                   his
                   Son
                   Demetrius
                   in
                   Syria
                   to
                   watch
                   Ptolemy
                   .
                   His
                   troublesome
                   March
                   into
                   Asia
                   .
                   The
                   Affairs
                   of
                   
                     Sicily
                     .
                     Acrotatus
                  
                   his
                   Misgovernment
                   and
                   Cruelties
                   in
                   Sicily
                   .
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Agathocles
                   .
                   The
                   Affairs
                   of
                   Italy
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHEN
                 the
                 former
                 year
                 was
                 ended
                 ,
                 Nichodorus
                 was
                 created
                 Archon
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Papirius
                
                 chosen
                 the
                 Fourth
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Quintus
                   Publius
                
                 the
                 second
                 time
                 Consul
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 Aristodemus
                 ,
                 made
                 General
                 by
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Defection
                 of
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Polysperchon
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 open'd
                 the
                 Justice
                 of
                 the
                 Cause
                 before
                 the
                 Senate
                 of
                 the
                 Etolians
                 ,
                 sollicited
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 assistant
                 to
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 .
                 Then
                 passing
                 into
                 Peloponnesus
                 with
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 found
                 Alexander
                 with
                 the
                 Eleans
                 besieging
                 
                 Cyllene
                 ,
                 and
                 coming
                 in
                 nick
                 of
                 time
                 rais'd
                 the
                 Siege
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 leaving
                 a
                 Garison
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 he
                 mov'd
                 towards
                 Actria
                 ,
                 and
                 frees
                 Patras
                 from
                 the
                 Garison
                 of
                 Cassander
                 ;
                 but
                 Egeum
                 he
                 took
                 by
                 Force
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 possess'd
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 was
                 ready
                 to
                 restore
                 the
                 Egeans
                 to
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 former
                 Decree
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 prevented
                 by
                 this
                 Accident
                 .
                 The
                 Soldiers
                 began
                 to
                 Plunder
                 ;
                 and
                 upon
                 that
                 occasion
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 were
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 was
                 burnt
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 which
                 he
                 sail'd
                 back
                 into
                 Etolia
                 ;
                 the
                 Dymeans
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 aw'd
                 by
                 a
                 Garison
                 
                 of
                 
                 Cassander's
                 in
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 separated
                 their
                 City
                 from
                 the
                 Cittadel
                 by
                 a
                 Wall
                 drawn
                 round
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 encouraging
                 one
                 another
                 to
                 stand
                 up
                 for
                 their
                 Liberties
                 ,
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 and
                 infested
                 it
                 with
                 continual
                 Assaults
                 .
                 Of
                 which
                 Alexander
                 receiving
                 Intelligence
                 ,
                 he
                 came
                 upon
                 them
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 and
                 drave
                 them
                 within
                 their
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 enter'd
                 pell-mell
                 with
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 it
                 :
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 Dymeans
                 he
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 others
                 he
                 Imprison'd
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 he
                 Banish'd
                 .
                 After
                 Alexander
                 went
                 away
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 quiet
                 for
                 a
                 little
                 while
                 ,
                 being
                 both
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 late
                 Calamity
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 wanting
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 .
                 But
                 some
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 application
                 to
                 Aristodemus
                 his
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 who
                 march'd
                 to
                 them
                 from
                 Egeum
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 they
                 again
                 assaulted
                 the
                 Cittadel
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 freed
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Garison
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 such
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Citizens
                 as
                 favour'd
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Party
                 .
              
               
               
                 Amongst
                 these
                 Turns
                 and
                 Changes
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 while
                 Alexander
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 was
                 
                 marching
                 from
                 Sycion
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 kill'd
                 by
                 Alexion
                 ,
                 a
                 Sycionian
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 ,
                 who
                 pretended
                 themselves
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Friends
                 .
                 His
                 Wife
                 ,
                 Cratesipolis
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 took
                 upon
                 her
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 kept
                 the
                 Army
                 in
                 due
                 Obedience
                 :
                 Her
                 obliging
                 Carriage
                 and
                 Bounty
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 she
                 was
                 greatly
                 belov'd
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ;
                 for
                 she
                 
                 was
                 continually
                 affording
                 all
                 the
                 help
                 she
                 could
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 Distress
                 ,
                 and
                 relieving
                 and
                 supporting
                 many
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 Want
                 :
                 Besides
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 a
                 Woman
                 of
                 admirable
                 Prudence
                 in
                 managing
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 Courage
                 beyond
                 the
                 natural
                 Temper
                 of
                 her
                 Sex.
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 Sycionians
                 in
                 contempt
                 of
                 her
                 ,
                 (
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 her
                 Husband
                 )
                 rose
                 up
                 in
                 Arms
                 for
                 the
                 Recovery
                 of
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 she
                 executed
                 her
                 Revenge
                 by
                 cutting
                 off
                 Multitudes
                 
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 Field-battel
                 ;
                 and
                 crucify'd
                 Thirty
                 of
                 those
                 she
                 had
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 having
                 settled
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 she
                 reign'd
                 over
                 the
                 Sycionians
                 ,
                 having
                 under
                 her
                 Command
                 multitudes
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 ready
                 upon
                 all
                 occasions
                 for
                 any
                 Undertaking
                 ,
                 though
                 never
                 so
                 hazardous
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 then
                 the
                 State
                 and
                 Condition
                 of
                 Peloponnesus
                 .
              
               
                 Cassander
                 perceiving
                 that
                 the
                 Etolians
                 assisted
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 then
                 likewise
                 engag'd
                 in
                 a
                 War
                 with
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 the
                 Acarnanians
                 ,
                 judg'd
                 that
                 the
                 most
                 probable
                 way
                 to
                 
                 bring
                 down
                 the
                 Etolians
                 ,
                 was
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 the
                 Acarnanians
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 out
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 into
                 Etolia
                 ,
                 and
                 Encamp'd
                 near
                 
                 the
                 River
                 Campylus
                 .
                 Here
                 he
                 invited
                 the
                 Acarnanians
                 to
                 a
                 common
                 Consult
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 set
                 forth
                 how
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 vex'd
                 for
                 many
                 Generations
                 past
                 ,
                 by
                 War
                 from
                 their
                 unruly
                 and
                 troublesome
                 Neighbours
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 advis'd
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 leave
                 their
                 little
                 Forts
                 and
                 Castles
                 ,
                 (
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 fortify'd
                 )
                 and
                 betake
                 themselves
                 to
                 a
                 few
                 Cities
                 ,
                 lest
                 being
                 so
                 dispers'd
                 and
                 scatter'd
                 in
                 their
                 Habitations
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 get
                 together
                 to
                 assist
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Enemy
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 should
                 suddenly
                 and
                 unexpectedly
                 break
                 in
                 upon
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Acarnanians
                 follow'd
                 his
                 Advice
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 remov'd
                 to
                 Stratopolis
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 strongest
                 and
                 largest
                 of
                 their
                 Cities
                 .
                 The
                 
                 Oeniades
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 ,
                 went
                 to
                 Saurion
                 ;
                 the
                 Doreans
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 Agrinium
                 .
              
               
                 Cassander
                 hereupon
                 ,
                 left
                 Lyciscus
                 his
                 General
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 assist
                 the
                 Acarnanians
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 march'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 Leueades
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 Treaty
                 gain'd
                 them
                 for
                 Consederates
                 .
                 Then
                 with
                 a
                 swift
                 March
                 he
                 came
                 suddenly
                 into
                 Adria
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 in
                 Apollonia
                 his
                 first
                 approach
                 .
                 Thence
                 marching
                 into
                 Illyria
                 ,
                 he
                 pass'd
                 over
                 the
                 River
                 Hebrus
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 with
                 Glaucius
                 the
                 Illyrian
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 routed
                 his
                 Army
                 ;
                 after
                 which
                 he
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 upon
                 Condition
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 any
                 of
                 his
                 Confederates
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 took
                 in
                 *
                 Epidamnum
                 ,
                 and
                 placing
                 there
                 a
                 Garison
                 return'd
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 Cassander
                 had
                 left
                 Etolia
                 ,
                 the
                 Etolians
                 joining
                 together
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 Three
                 thousand
                 besieg'd
                 Agrinium
                 ,
                 girting
                 it
                 round
                 with
                 a
                 Trench
                 and
                 a
                 Breast-work
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 that
                 came
                 before
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 treated
                 and
                 agreed
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 That
                 upon
                 delivery
                 up
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 their
                 Persons
                 should
                 be
                 secure
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 should
                 have
                 liberty
                 to
                 depart
                 and
                 leave
                 the
                 Place
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 after
                 Faith
                 given
                 for
                 their
                 security
                 ,
                 they
                 went
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 their
                 way
                 ,
                 the
                 Etolians
                 Falsly
                 and
                 Treacherously
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 other
                 never
                 suspected
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 pursu'd
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 'em
                 almost
                 every
                 Man.
                 
              
               
                 Cassander
                 being
                 return'd
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 heard
                 how
                 the
                 Cities
                 in
                 Caria
                 (
                 that
                 had
                 Confederated
                 with
                 Ptolemy
                 and
                 Seleucus
                 )
                 were
                 infested
                 by
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 put
                 over
                 
                 an
                 Army
                 into
                 Caria
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 help
                 the
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 in
                 time
                 to
                 divert
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 no
                 leisure
                 to
                 come
                 into
                 Europe
                 .
                 He
                 commanded
                 also
                 by
                 his
                 Letters
                 
                   Demetrius
                   ,
                   Phalerius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Dionysius
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 Fort
                 of
                 Munychia
                 ,
                 to
                 fit
                 out
                 forthwith
                 Twenty
                 Ships
                 for
                 Lemnos
                 .
                 Who
                 thereupon
                 ,
                 presently
                 dispatch'd
                 away
                 the
                 Ships
                 ,
                 under
                 
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Aristotle
                 ,
                 their
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 arriving
                 at
                 Lemnos
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 there
                 join'd
                 with
                 Seleucus
                 and
                 his
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 he
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 Lemnos
                 to
                 desert
                 Antigonus
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 afterwards
                 retracted
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 before
                 engag'd
                 to
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 he
                 wasted
                 and
                 harrass'd
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 drew
                 a
                 Trench
                 round
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Seleucus
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Coos
                 ;
                 whose
                 coming
                 there
                 being
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 ,
                 Dioscorides
                 ,
                 Admiral
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 sail'd
                 to
                 Lemnos
                 ,
                 and
                 drave
                 Aristotle
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Men
                 on
                 board
                 .
              
               
                 One
                 Cassander
                 and
                 Prepalaus
                 were
                 Commanders
                 of
                 the
                 Forces
                 sent
                 into
                 Caria
                 by
                 Cassander
                 ;
                 who
                 hearing
                 that
                 
                   Ptolemy
                   ,
                   Antigonus
                
                 his
                 General
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 had
                 distributed
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 their
                 Winter-Quarters
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 himself
                 was
                 busie
                 in
                 the
                 burying
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 sent
                 away
                 Eupolemus
                 with
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 to
                 a
                 
                 Place
                 call'd
                 Caprima
                 ,
                 in
                 Caria
                 ,
                 to
                 lie
                 in
                 Ambushment
                 for
                 him
                 there
                 :
                 But
                 Ptolemy
                 getting
                 
                 notice
                 thereof
                 by
                 some
                 that
                 fled
                 over
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 got
                 together
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 next
                 Winter-Quarters
                 
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 and
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Six
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 falling
                 about
                 Midnight
                 into
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Trenches
                 ,
                 and
                 finding
                 them
                 near
                 all
                 fast
                 asleep
                 ,
                 took
                 Eupolemus
                 Prisoner
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 all
                 his
                 Men
                 to
                 submit
                 to
                 discretion
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 then
                 the
                 Condition
                 of
                 those
                 sent
                 by
                 Cassander
                 into
                 Asia
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Antigonus
                 perceiving
                 that
                 Cassander
                 aim'd
                 at
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 left
                 his
                 Son
                 Demetrius
                 in
                 Syria
                 ,
                 with
                 instructions
                 to
                 intercept
                 
                 Ptolemy's
                 Men
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 suspected
                 were
                 then
                 coming
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 further
                 up
                 into
                 Syria
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 purpose
                 left
                 with
                 him
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 of
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 Five
                 hundred
                 out
                 of
                 Lycia
                 
                 and
                 
                   Pamphilia
                   ,
                   Persian
                
                 Archers
                 and
                 Slingers
                 Four
                 hundred
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 Forty
                 Elephants
                 ;
                 and
                 four
                 Men
                 for
                 his
                 Counsellors
                 ,
                 
                   Nearchon
                   ,
                   Pitho
                
                 Son
                 of
                 Agenor
                 ,
                 who
                 came
                 lately
                 from
                 
                   Babylon
                   ,
                   Andromicus
                
                 of
                 Olynthus
                 ,
                 and
                 Philippus
                 ;
                 all
                 Men
                 of
                 mature
                 Age
                 and
                 Judgment
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 had
                 attended
                 upon
                 Alexander
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 Wars
                 :
                 For
                 Demetrius
                 himself
                 was
                 but
                 a
                 young
                 Man
                 ,
                 not
                 above
                 Two
                 and
                 twenty
                 years
                 of
                 Age.
                 Upon
                 Antigonus
                 himself
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 past
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 over
                 Mount
                 Taurus
                 ,
                 there
                 fell
                 a
                 mighty
                 Snow
                 ,
                 wherein
                 he
                 lost
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Men.
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 
                 back
                 into
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 advis'd
                 himself
                 of
                 a
                 better
                 Way
                 to
                 pass
                 that
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 little
                 damage
                 to
                 his
                 Army
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 coming
                 to
                 Celenae
                 in
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 he
                 there
                 put
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 their
                 Winter-Quarters
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 sent
                 for
                 the
                 Fleet
                 out
                 of
                 Phenicia
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 Medius
                 was
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 meer
                 chance
                 in
                 his
                 way
                 met
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Thirty
                 six
                 Sail
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Pydna
                 ,
                 and
                 defeated
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 the
                 Ships
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Men
                 under
                 his
                 Subjection
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Posture
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 both
                 of
                 Greece
                 and
                 Asia
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 in
                 Sicily
                 the
                 Exiles
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 then
                 in
                 Agrigentum
                 ,
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 the
                 great
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 not
                 to
                 suffer
                 Agathocles
                 in
                 that
                 manner
                 to
                 make
                 
                 a
                 Prey
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 ;
                 alledging
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 better
                 to
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 before
                 he
                 grew
                 too
                 strong
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 loiter
                 till
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 greater
                 power
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 to
                 be
                 forc'd
                 to
                 Contend
                 with
                 him
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 more
                 hazardous
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 approving
                 of
                 his
                 Advice
                 ,
                 decreed
                 by
                 their
                 suffrages
                 War
                 against
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 joining
                 in
                 Confederacy
                 with
                 the
                 Geloans
                 and
                 Messenians
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Exiles
                 to
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 procure
                 a
                 General
                 to
                 be
                 sent
                 to
                 them
                 from
                 thence
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 suspected
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Citizens
                 were
                 too
                 much
                 inclin'd
                 to
                 Tyranny
                 themselves
                 ,
                 but
                 judg'd
                 that
                 Foreigners
                 if
                 they
                 remembred
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Timolion
                 the
                 Corinthian
                 ,
                 would
                 better
                 manage
                 the
                 publick
                 affairs
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 arriv'd
                 therefore
                 in
                 Laconia
                 they
                 found
                 Acrotatus
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 King
                 Claomenes
                 ,
                 much
                 hated
                 by
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 young
                 Noblemen
                 at
                 
                 home
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 very
                 desirous
                 to
                 be
                 imploy'd
                 abroad
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 after
                 the
                 Fight
                 with
                 Antipater
                 had
                 acquitted
                 those
                 that
                 escap'd
                 in
                 that
                 Battel
                 from
                 all
                 Censures
                 of
                 Disgrace
                 ,
                 he
                 only
                 oppos'd
                 the
                 Decree
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 many
                 were
                 offended
                 at
                 him
                 ,
                 especially
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 liable
                 to
                 the
                 penalty
                 of
                 the
                 Laws
                 .
                 And
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 they
                 had
                 lain
                 in
                 wait
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 beaten
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 constantly
                 seeking
                 to
                 intrap
                 him
                 :
                 Being
                 therefore
                 for
                 this
                 reason
                 desirous
                 of
                 a
                 foreign
                 Command
                 ,
                 he
                 very
                 freely
                 comply'd
                 with
                 the
                 Agragentines
                 ;
                 and
                 thereupon
                 without
                 the
                 Order
                 of
                 the
                 Ephori
                 (
                 resolving
                 upon
                 the
                 Voyage
                 )
                 he
                 set
                 Sail
                 with
                 a
                 few
                 Ships
                 for
                 Agrigentum
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 driven
                 back
                 by
                 a
                 Storm
                 into
                 Adria
                 ,
                 he
                 arriv'd
                 in
                 the
                 Territory
                 of
                 the
                 Apolloniates
                 ;
                 where
                 finding
                 the
                 City
                 besieg'd
                 by
                 Glocias
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 ,
                 he
                 perswaded
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 raise
                 the
                 siege
                 ,
                 and
                 enter
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 of
                 Friendship
                 with
                 the
                 Apolloniates
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 sail'd
                 to
                 Tarentum
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 Solicited
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 join
                 
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 procuring
                 the
                 Restoration
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 to
                 their
                 Ancient
                 Liberties
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 far
                 prevail'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 Decreed
                 to
                 assist
                 them
                 with
                 Twenty
                 Sail
                 of
                 Ships
                 .
                 For
                 on
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 Kindred
                 and
                 the
                 nobleness
                 of
                 his
                 Family
                 ,
                 his
                 words
                 were
                 of
                 great
                 
                 Weight
                 and
                 Credit
                 .
                 While
                 the
                 Tarentines
                 were
                 making
                 preparations
                 ,
                 he
                 himself
                 sail'd
                 to
                 Agrigentum
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 took
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 the
                 People
                 were
                 in
                 high
                 expectations
                 ,
                 in
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 that
                 all
                 concluded
                 that
                 an
                 end
                 would
                 be
                 presently
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 it
                 plainly
                 appear'd
                 that
                 he
                 did
                 nothing
                 worthy
                 ,
                 either
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 his
                 Birth
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 reputation
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 .
                 But
                 on
                 
                 the
                 contrary
                 became
                 more
                 cruel
                 and
                 bloody
                 than
                 the
                 very
                 Tyrants
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 fell
                 into
                 the
                 Hatred
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 :
                 He
                 degenerated
                 likewise
                 from
                 the
                 custom
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 in
                 his
                 manner
                 of
                 living
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 indulg'd
                 himself
                 in
                 voluptuousness
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 seem'd
                 more
                 like
                 a
                 Persian
                 ,
                 than
                 a
                 Spartan
                 .
                 After
                 he
                 had
                 lavish'd
                 away
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 publick
                 Revenues
                 ,
                 partly
                 by
                 his
                 misgovernment
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 by
                 robbing
                 of
                 the
                 Treasury
                 ;
                 in
                 the
                 Conclusion
                 he
                 invited
                 Sosistratus
                 (
                 the
                 most
                 eminent
                 person
                 among
                 the
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 a
                 General
                 of
                 Armies
                 )
                 to
                 Supper
                 ,
                 and
                 treacherously
                 kill'd
                 him
                 ,
                 having
                 not
                 anything
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 to
                 lay
                 to
                 his
                 charge
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 take
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 way
                 
                 a
                 stout
                 and
                 valiant
                 man
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 that
                 was
                 able
                 to
                 discern
                 and
                 discover
                 his
                 Miscarriages
                 :
                 Which
                 wicked
                 fact
                 being
                 presently
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 ,
                 the
                 Exiles
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 came
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 body
                 else
                 forsoook
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 they
                 depos'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 after
                 attempted
                 to
                 stone
                 him
                 to
                 death
                 ;
                 to
                 avoid
                 therefore
                 the
                 rage
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 he
                 stole
                 
                 away
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 and
                 landed
                 privatly
                 in
                 Laconia
                 :
                 After
                 his
                 departure
                 the
                 Tarentines
                 recall
                 their
                 Fleet
                 they
                 had
                 before
                 sent
                 into
                 Sicily
                 .
              
               
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 
                   Agrigentines
                   Geloans
                
                 and
                 Messenians
                 by
                 the
                 mediation
                 of
                 Amilcar
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 General
                 ,
                 make
                 peace
                 with
                 Agathocles
                 ;
                 the
                 Conditions
                 of
                 which
                 were
                 as
                 follow
                 ;
                 that
                 
                   Heraclea
                   Selinum
                
                 and
                 Himera
                 ,
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 ,
                 should
                 belong
                 unto
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 did
                 before
                 ;
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 under
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 should
                 be
                 free
                 to
                 be
                 govern'd
                 after
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 .
                 But
                 afterwards
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 the
                 
                 coast
                 clear
                 ,
                 and
                 Sicily
                 free
                 and
                 clear'd
                 from
                 all
                 appearance
                 of
                 an
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 he
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 any
                 difficulty
                 brought
                 them
                 under
                 his
                 subjection
                 ;
                 and
                 gaining
                 many
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 short
                 time
                 ,
                 strongly
                 fixt
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 Principality
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 his
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 his
                 Yearly
                 Revenues
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 a
                 mighty
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 grew
                 very
                 strong
                 .
                 For
                 besides
                 his
                 Confederates
                 and
                 those
                 rais'd
                 from
                 among
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 of
                 mercenaries
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 Three
                 thousand
                 and
                 fifty
                 Horse
                 ;
                 he
                 furnish'd
                 himself
                 likewise
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 foreseeing
                 that
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 (
                 who
                 had
                 smartly
                 rebuk't
                 Amilcar
                 for
                 making
                 the
                 Peace
                 )
                 would
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 such
                 was
                 the
                 estate
                 of
                 Sicily
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Italy
                 the
                 Samnites
                 having
                 now
                 been
                 in
                 Wars
                 with
                 the
                 Romans
                 for
                 many
                 Years
                 last
                 
                 past
                 ,
                 took
                 Plistia
                 ,
                 wherein
                 was
                 a
                 strong
                 Roman
                 Garrison
                 ;
                 and
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 the
                 Soranions
                 to
                 massacre
                 all
                 the
                 Romans
                 that
                 were
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 confederate
                 with
                 the
                 Samnites
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 while
                 the
                 Romans
                 were
                 besieging
                 of
                 Satricula
                 ,
                 they
                 came
                 upon
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Army
                 resolving
                 to
                 raise
                 the
                 siege
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 follow'd
                 a
                 sharp
                 Engagment
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 many
                 kill'd
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 the
                 Romans
                 carry'd
                 the
                 day
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 presently
                 after
                 they
                 took
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 several
                 other
                 neighbouring
                 Towns
                 and
                 Castles
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 War
                 was
                 brought
                 over
                 amongst
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Apulia
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 the
                 Samnites
                 Listed
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 of
                 Age
                 to
                 bear
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 out
                 and
                 Incampt
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 being
                 now
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 win
                 or
                 lose
                 all
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 of
                 Rome
                 therefore
                 to
                 prevent
                 the
                 worst
                 ,
                 sent
                 thither
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Souldiers
                 :
                 And
                 because
                 they
                 
                 were
                 accustom'd
                 in
                 perilous
                 times
                 to
                 choose
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Noble
                 and
                 Eminent
                 Persons
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 General
                 ,
                 with
                 full
                 and
                 absolute
                 power
                 and
                 Authority
                 ;
                 they
                 therefore
                 pitch'd
                 upon
                 
                   Quintus
                   Fabius
                
                 and
                 
                   Quintus
                   Aulius
                
                 ,
                 Master
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 honourable
                 imployment
                 .
                 These
                 Generals
                 afterwards
                 fought
                 the
                 Samnites
                 at
                 Lautulas
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 sustain'd
                 great
                 loss
                 of
                 their
                 men
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 fled
                 outright
                 ,
                 only
                 Aulius
                 (
                 being
                 asham'd
                 of
                 the
                 dishonour
                 )
                 oppos'd
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 not
                 out
                 of
                 any
                 hopes
                 or
                 expectation
                 of
                 gaining
                 the
                 Victory
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 have
                 it
                 manifest
                 and
                 apparent
                 to
                 all
                 from
                 his
                 own
                 valour
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Country
                 was
                 unconquerable
                 .
                 Not
                 sharing
                 therefore
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 in
                 the
                 Dishonour
                 of
                 the
                 flight
                 ,
                 he
                 dy'd
                 there
                 a
                 glorious
                 and
                 honourable
                 death
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Romans
                 now
                 fearing
                 lest
                 they
                 should
                 lose
                 all
                 Apulia
                 ,
                 sent
                 Colonies
                 into
                 *
                 Luceria
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 City
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 parts
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 prov'd
                 of
                 great
                 advantage
                 to
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 frequent
                 Eruptions
                 made
                 upon
                 the
                 Samnites
                 .
                 For
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 and
                 advantage
                 of
                 this
                 City
                 they
                 became
                 Conquerors
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 in
                 this
                 war
                 ,
                 but
                 several
                 times
                 afterwards
                 ;
                 and
                 even
                 to
                 our
                 own
                 present
                 Age
                 they
                 have
                 constantly
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 this
                 City
                 as
                 a
                 strong
                 Fort
                 and
                 Citadel
                 of
                 War
                 against
                 all
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Nations
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 VI.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Several
                   Cities
                   revolt
                   ,
                   Lysimachus
                   comes
                   against
                   them
                   .
                   Philip
                   ,
                   Cassander's
                   General
                   ,
                   Routs
                   the
                   Epirots
                   and
                   
                     Etolians
                     .
                     Cassander
                  
                   agrees
                   with
                   
                     Antigonus
                     .
                     Antigonus
                  
                   gaines
                   the
                   Cities
                   in
                   Caria
                   .
                   Cassander's
                   Acts
                   in
                   Greece
                   .
                   The
                   Samnites
                   Routed
                   by
                   the
                   
                     Romans
                     .
                     Polemon
                  
                   sent
                   by
                   Antigonus
                   into
                   Greece
                   ,
                   to
                   set
                   the
                   Cities
                   at
                   liberty
                   .
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Antigonus
                   and
                   Cassander
                   .
                   Polemon's
                   Acts
                   in
                   Greece
                   for
                   
                     Antigonus
                     .
                     Ptolemy
                  
                   goes
                   against
                   Cyrene
                   and
                   Cyprus
                   ;
                   Then
                   against
                   Demetrius
                   .
                   The
                   Battle
                   with
                   Demetrius
                   at
                   
                     Gaza
                     .
                     Ptolemy
                  
                   takes
                   Tyre
                   .
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Antigonus
                   his
                   Commanders
                   in
                   Greece
                   .
                   The
                   Epirots
                   make
                   Alcetas
                   King
                   ,
                   who
                   is
                   beaten
                   by
                   Lyciscus
                   ,
                   Cassander's
                   General
                   ,
                   and
                   he
                   's
                   beaten
                   again
                   by
                   the
                   other
                   .
                   Cassander
                   goes
                   against
                   the
                   
                     Apolloniats
                     .
                     Seleucus
                  
                   recovers
                   Babylon
                   with
                   a
                   small
                   Army
                   .
                   Demetrius
                   Routs
                   Cilles
                   ,
                   Ptolemy's
                   General
                   .
                   Ptolemy
                   returns
                   to
                   Egypt
                   ,
                   first
                   wasts
                   
                     Samaria
                     ,
                     Gaza
                     ,
                     Joppa
                  
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                   Athaneus
                   sent
                   against
                   the
                   Nabatheans
                   by
                   Antigonus
                   .
                   The
                   Customs
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Arabians
                     .
                     Atharieus
                  
                   kill'd
                   ,
                   with
                   most
                   of
                   his
                   Men
                   !
                   Demetrius
                   sent
                   against
                   them
                   .
                   Description
                   of
                   the
                   Asphaltes
                   ,
                   or
                   Lake
                   of
                   
                     Sodom
                     .
                     Demetrius
                  
                   sent
                   against
                   Seleucus
                   in
                   Babylon
                   .
                   The
                   Wars
                   between
                   the
                   Romans
                   and
                   Samnites
                   in
                   Italy
                   .
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Agathocles
                   in
                   Sicily
                   .
                
              
               
                 THE
                 Affairs
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 being
                 brought
                 to
                 this
                 Conclusion
                 ,
                 Theophrastus
                 became
                 
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Petilius
                
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Sulpitius
                
                 were
                 invested
                 with
                 the
                 Consular
                 dignity
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 *
                 Callentinians
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 residing
                 in
                 the
                 parts
                 on
                 the
                 left
                 hand
                 of
                 Pontus
                 ,
                 cast
                 out
                 the
                 Garrison
                 put
                 upon
                 them
                 by
                 Lysimachus
                 ,
                 and
                 recover'd
                 their
                 liberty
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 the
                 Istrians
                 freed
                 their
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 Confederated
                 with
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 inhabitants
                 to
                 joyn
                 together
                 in
                 a
                 War
                 against
                 their
                 Prince
                 .
                 The
                 Thracians
                 and
                 Scythians
                 likewise
                 joyn'd
                 with
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 all
                 
                 the
                 Forces
                 together
                 were
                 of
                 that
                 strength
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 cope
                 with
                 the
                 most
                 potent
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 Lysimachus
                 hearing
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 march'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 Rebels
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 passing
                 through
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 got
                 over
                 Mount
                 Emus
                 ,
                 Incampt
                 near
                 Odessus
                 ,
                 which
                 (
                 upon
                 blocking
                 it
                 up
                 )
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Consternation
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 :
                 Reducing
                 likewise
                 the
                 Istrians
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 ,
                 he
                 marcht
                 thence
                 against
                 the
                 Callantians
                 ;
                 about
                 which
                 time
                 the
                 Thracians
                 and
                 Scythians
                 came
                 in
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 to
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 Lysimachus
                 advancing
                 forwards
                 ,
                 fac'd
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 lifting
                 up
                 his
                 Ensigns
                 for
                 Battle
                 ,
                 the
                 Thracians
                 were
                 so
                 terrifi'd
                 that
                 they
                 marcht
                 off
                 and
                 went
                 their
                 way
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Scythians
                 he
                 Ingag'd
                 ,
                 and
                 Routed
                 them
                 ,
                 killing
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 ,
                 and
                 driving
                 the
                 rest
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 laid
                 close
                 Siege
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Callentinians
                 ,
                 setting
                 all
                 his
                 wit
                 at
                 work
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 it
                 his
                 main
                 and
                 only
                 business
                 how
                 he
                 might
                 be
                 reveng'd
                 on
                 the
                 Authors
                 of
                 the
                 defection
                 .
                 While
                 he
                 was
                 busying
                 himself
                 in
                 this
                 concern
                 ,
                 News
                 was
                 brought
                 him
                 that
                 Antigonus
                 had
                 sent
                 two
                 Armies
                 to
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Callentinians
                 ,
                 one
                 by
                 Land
                 and
                 another
                 by
                 Sea
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Lyco
                 the
                 Admiral
                 was
                 with
                 the
                 Navy
                 in
                 Pontus
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Pausanias
                 was
                 Incampt
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Land
                 Army
                 at
                 Hieron
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 News
                 Lysimachus
                 was
                 much
                 concern'd
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 leaving
                 a
                 considerable
                 Body
                 to
                 maintain
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 he
                 speedily
                 march'd
                 away
                 
                 with
                 the
                 main
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 designing
                 to
                 ingage
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 ready
                 to
                 pass
                 over
                 Emus
                 ,
                 he
                 found
                 Seuthes
                 King
                 of
                 Thrace
                 (
                 who
                 had
                 revolted
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 )
                 obstructing
                 his
                 passage
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 they
                 ingag'd
                 and
                 he
                 forc'd
                 his
                 way
                 through
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 men
                 ,
                 but
                 many
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 he
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Pausanians
                 ,
                 finding
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Streights
                 ,
                 whither
                 they
                 had
                 fled
                 .
                 
                 These
                 he
                 gain'd
                 by
                 force
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 kill'd
                 Pausanias
                 ,
                 he
                 discharg'd
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 upon
                 Ransom
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 that
                 took
                 up
                 Arms
                 with
                 him
                 he
                 distributed
                 amongst
                 his
                 own
                 Troops
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 stood
                 the
                 affairs
                 of
                 Lysimachus
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 this
                 Enterprise
                 succeeded
                 not
                 ,
                 Antigonus
                 sent
                 Telesphorus
                 into
                 Peloponnesus
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Fifty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 considerable
                 number
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 free
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 live
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 ancient
                 Laws
                 .
                 This
                 he
                 did
                 ,
                 hoping
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 to
                 gain
                 credit
                 amongst
                 the
                 Grecians
                 as
                 one
                 that
                 really
                 intended
                 the
                 procurement
                 and
                 preservation
                 of
                 
                 their
                 Liberties
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 method
                 he
                 concluded
                 he
                 should
                 find
                 out
                 how
                 things
                 stood
                 with
                 Cassander
                 .
              
               
                 Telosphorus
                 therefore
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 arriv'd
                 in
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 went
                 to
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Garrisons
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 them
                 all
                 free
                 ,
                 except
                 Sicyon
                 and
                 Corinth
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 these
                 Polysperchon
                 had
                 plac'd
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 Souldiers
                 ,
                 trusting
                 to
                 them
                 and
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 places
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Philip
                 being
                 sent
                 by
                 Cassander
                 as
                 General
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Etolians
                 ;
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Acarnania
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 thing
                 he
                 did
                 was
                 to
                 harrass
                 and
                 spoil
                 Etolia
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 hearing
                 that
                 Eacides
                 King
                 of
                 Epirus
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 now
                 Restor'd
                 to
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 )
                 had
                 rais'd
                 a
                 strong
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 against
                 him
                 with
                 
                 all
                 speed
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 endeavor'd
                 all
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 Fight
                 him
                 before
                 the
                 Etolians
                 had
                 joyn'd
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 finding
                 the
                 Epirots
                 ready
                 prepar'd
                 to
                 fight
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 engag'd
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 multitudes
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 many
                 Prisoners
                 ;
                 amongst
                 whom
                 it
                 happn'd
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 about
                 Fifty
                 of
                 the
                 Faction
                 that
                 were
                 the
                 instruments
                 to
                 restore
                 Eacides
                 whom
                 he
                 sent
                 away
                 bound
                 to
                 Cassander
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 the
                 broken
                 Troops
                 of
                 Eacides
                 Rallying
                 again
                 ,
                 joyn'd
                 with
                 the
                 Etolians
                 ,
                 and
                 Philip
                 set
                 upon
                 e'm
                 and
                 Routed
                 e'm
                 a
                 second
                 time
                 with
                 the
                 slaughter
                 of
                 many
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 was
                 Eacides
                 himself
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 effected
                 such
                 great
                 matters
                 in
                 so
                 short
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Etolians
                 were
                 so
                 terrifi'd
                 that
                 they
                 forsook
                 their
                 unfortifi'd
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 fled
                 with
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 unto
                 the
                 fastnesses
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 very
                 difficult
                 to
                 come
                 at
                 them
                 :
                 And
                 this
                 conclusion
                 had
                 the
                 affairs
                 of
                 Greece
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 Asia
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 chief
                 Governour
                 there
                 yet
                 overpress'd
                 with
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 he
                 agreed
                 with
                 Antigonus
                 upon
                 these
                 terms
                 ;
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 deliver
                 all
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 and
                 should
                 grant
                 Liberty
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 
                 there
                 to
                 Govern
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 keep
                 the
                 Province
                 he
                 formerly
                 possess'd
                 as
                 by
                 grant
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 should
                 be
                 ever
                 after
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 firm
                 friend
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 for
                 the
                 true
                 performance
                 of
                 these
                 Conditions
                 he
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 him
                 his
                 Brother
                 Agathonas
                 as
                 Hostage
                 ;
                 but
                 within
                 a
                 while
                 after
                 he
                 repented
                 of
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 his
                 Brother
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 clutches
                 that
                 had
                 him
                 in
                 custody
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 an
                 Ambassador
                 to
                 Ptolemy
                 and
                 Seleucus
                 ,
                 to
                 desire
                 them
                 to
                 send
                 him
                 Aid
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 :
                 At
                 which
                 Antigonus
                 was
                 highly
                 incens'd
                 and
                 sent
                 away
                 Forces
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 free
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 Created
                 Medius
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 Docimus
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Forces
                 at
                 Land.
                 
              
               
                 These
                 Commanders
                 coming
                 to
                 Miletum
                 dealt
                 with
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 to
                 stand
                 for
                 their
                 Liberties
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 Cittadel
                 with
                 the
                 Garrison
                 therein
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 the
                 ancient
                 Laws
                 to
                 the
                 Cities
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Antigonus
                 took
                 Tralles
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 lay
                 before
                 the
                 City
                 Caunus
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 sending
                 for
                 his
                 Fleet
                 took
                 that
                 likewise
                 ,
                 except
                 only
                 the
                 Castle
                 ;
                 about
                 which
                 he
                 cast
                 a
                 Trench
                 and
                 made
                 continual
                 assaults
                 upon
                 it
                 in
                 those
                 parts
                 where
                 there
                 was
                 any
                 hopes
                 of
                 Entry
                 :
                 He
                 had
                 sent
                 Ptolemy
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 Jassus
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Army
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 was
                 fain
                 to
                 come
                 back
                 and
                 joyn
                 again
                 with
                 Antigonus
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 all
                 those
                 Cities
                 in
                 Caria
                 came
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 into
                 his
                 hands
                 .
              
               
                 Within
                 a
                 few
                 days
                 after
                 came
                 Ambassadors
                 from
                 the
                 Etolians
                 and
                 Beotians
                 with
                 whom
                 Antigonus
                 entred
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 of
                 Confederacy
                 ;
                 but
                 going
                 to
                 Cassander
                 to
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 to
                 Treat
                 with
                 him
                 upon
                 terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 without
                 effecting
                 any
                 
                 thing
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 hit
                 it
                 upon
                 any
                 score
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 Cassander
                 casting
                 aside
                 all
                 hopes
                 of
                 any
                 accommodation
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 again
                 to
                 pursue
                 the
                 settlement
                 of
                 his
                 Affairs
                 in
                 
                 Greece
                 .
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 he
                 sail'd
                 away
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Thirty
                 Sail
                 and
                 laid
                 close
                 Siege
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 *
                 Oreum
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 so
                 fiercly
                 assaulted
                 that
                 he
                 took
                 it
                 by
                 Storm
                 ;
                 presently
                 upon
                 this
                 came
                 in
                 Telesphorus
                 from
                 Peloponnesus
                 with
                 Twenty
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 Medius
                 out
                 of
                 Asia
                 with
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Sail
                 to
                 the
                 relief
                 of
                 Oreum
                 ;
                 who
                 spying
                 
                 Cassander's
                 Ships
                 then
                 at
                 Anchor
                 in
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 burnt
                 four
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 disabled
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Athenians
                 coming
                 in
                 to
                 their
                 relief
                 ,
                 Cassander
                 in
                 scorn
                 and
                 contempt
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 falls
                 upon
                 them
                 afresh
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Ingagement
                 sinks
                 one
                 ,
                 and
                 takes
                 three
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Men
                 :
                 And
                 thus
                 were
                 Affairs
                 then
                 manag'd
                 in
                 Greece
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Italy
                 the
                 Samnites
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Towns
                 and
                 Country
                 round
                 about
                 that
                 sided
                 with
                 their
                 Enemies
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 march'd
                 into
                 those
                 Parts
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 succour
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 encamping
                 near
                 Cinna
                 in
                 the
                 face
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 they
                 allay'd
                 the
                 Fears
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 A
                 few
                 days
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 Armies
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 drew
                 up
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 a
                 bloody
                 Battel
                 ,
                 wherein
                 multitudes
                 fell
                 on
                 
                 both
                 sides
                 ;
                 but
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 Romans
                 breaking
                 through
                 the
                 main
                 Body
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 totally
                 routed
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 a
                 long
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 above
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 .
              
               
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Campanians
                 (
                 not
                 knowing
                 of
                 this
                 Battel
                 )
                 in
                 contempt
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 rebell'd
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Rome
                 forthwith
                 sent
                 out
                 a
                 strong
                 Army
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 
                   Caius
                   Menius
                
                 ,
                 as
                 General
                 ,
                 with
                 absolute
                 and
                 unlimitted
                 Power
                 ,
                 with
                 whom
                 was
                 join'd
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Custom
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Romans
                   ,
                   Marcus
                   Follius
                
                 ,
                 Master
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 .
                 These
                 Consuls
                 sitting
                 down
                 with
                 their
                 Army
                 near
                 Capua
                 ,
                 the
                 Campanians
                 at
                 first
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 fight
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 afterwards
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Rout
                 and
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 the
                 Samnites
                 ,
                 thinking
                 the
                 Romans
                 would
                 fall
                 upon
                 them
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Forces
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 them
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 gave
                 up
                 the
                 Ringleaders
                 of
                 the
                 Defection
                 who
                 after
                 they
                 were
                 *
                 examin'd
                 ,
                 prevented
                 the
                 Sentence
                 of
                 Condemnation
                 by
                 murder
                 ing
                 themselves
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Cities
                 were
                 pardon'd
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 return'd
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 Allegiance
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 former
                 Year
                 being
                 ended
                 ,
                 Polemus
                 executed
                 the
                 Place
                 of
                 the
                 Chief
                 Magistrate
                 at
                 
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Papirius
                
                 the
                 Fifth
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Junius
                
                 the
                 Second
                 Consulate
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Year
                 was
                 celebrated
                 the
                 Hundred
                 and
                 seventeenth
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Parmenio
                 of
                 Mitylene
                 carry'd
                 away
                 the
                 Prize
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 Antigonus
                 sent
                 Polemon
                 into
                 Greece
                 ,
                 to
                 set
                 at
                 liberty
                 all
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 him
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 *
                 Long
                 Ships
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Medius
                 his
                 Admiral
                 ;
                 on
                 board
                 of
                 which
                 Vessels
                 were
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 .
                 Having
                 made
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 ,
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 likewise
                 Ten
                 Ships
                 of
                 War
                 more
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 help
                 forward
                 the
                 restoring
                 of
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 to
                 their
                 Liberties
                 .
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 *
                 Ptolemy
                 arriv'd
                 in
                 the
                 Harbour
                 of
                 Boeotia
                 (
                 call'd
                 the
                 Deep
                 )
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 Two
                 thousand
                 and
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Thirteen
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 .
                 He
                 sent
                 likewise
                 for
                 Shipping
                 from
                 Oreum
                 ,
                 and
                 wall'd
                 *
                 Sagonea
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 rendezvous'd
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 good
                 hopes
                 that
                 the
                 Chalcideans
                 would
                 confederate
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 the
                 only
                 Eubeans
                 that
                 were
                 Garison'd
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 But
                 Cassander
                 was
                 jealous
                 of
                 *
                 Chalcis
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 rais'd
                 his
                 Siege
                 before
                 Oreus
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 for
                 his
                 Forces
                 thither
                 .
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 being
                 inform'd
                 that
                 the
                 Armies
                 lay
                 encamp'd
                 one
                 over-against
                 another
                 in
                 Eubea
                 ,
                 recall'd
                 Medius
                 with
                 the
                 Fleet
                 into
                 Asia
                 ;
                 and
                 forthwith
                 got
                 his
                 Forces
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 swift
                 March
                 made
                 for
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 purpose
                 to
                 pass
                 over
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 either
                 seize
                 upon
                 it
                 while
                 Cassander
                 was
                 busie
                 in
                 Eubea
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Country
                 void
                 of
                 sufficient
                 defence
                 ;
                 or
                 that
                 by
                 forcing
                 him
                 to
                 come
                 in
                 with
                 Aid
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 he
                 might
                 thereby
                 divert
                 him
                 from
                 prosecuting
                 the
                 War
                 in
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 necessitate
                 him
                 to
                 endeavour
                 the
                 preservation
                 of
                 his
                 Concerns
                 nearer
                 at
                 home
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Cassander
                 coming
                 to
                 understand
                 what
                 he
                 design'd
                 ,
                 left
                 Plistarchus
                 to
                 guard
                 Chalcis
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 march'd
                 away
                 wtth
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Oropus
                 by
                 Assault
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 over
                 the
                 Thebans
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Consederates
                 ,
                 and
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 Truce
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 so
                 done
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 Eupolemus
                 to
                 defend
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 with
                 his
                 Head
                 full
                 of
                 Care
                 ,
                 concerning
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 March
                 into
                 that
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 Antigonus
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Propontis
                 ,
                 he
                 solicited
                 the
                 Byzantines
                 by
                 his
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 as
                 his
                 Consederates
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 prov'd
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 there
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Agents
                 from
                 Lysimachus
                 ,
                 treating
                 with
                 them
                 not
                 to
                 engage
                 in
                 any
                 thing
                 either
                 against
                 him
                 or
                 Cassander
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Byzantines
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 sit
                 quiet
                 at
                 home
                 ,
                 and
                 stand
                 upon
                 even
                 Terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 and
                 Amity
                 with
                 both
                 sides
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 unlucky
                 Accident
                 giving
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 further
                 Progress
                 in
                 this
                 Affair
                 ,
                 
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 approach
                 of
                 the
                 Winter
                 ,
                 he
                 distributed
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 in
                 the
                 Towns
                 round
                 about
                 into
                 their
                 Winter-Quarters
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Corcyreans
                 assisted
                 the
                 Apolloniates
                 and
                 them
                 of
                 Epidamnus
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 Terms
                 of
                 Agreement
                 sent
                 away
                 
                 Cassander's
                 Soldiers
                 ;
                 and
                 thereupon
                 restor'd
                 Apollonia
                 to
                 their
                 ancient
                 Liberties
                 ,
                 and
                 Epidamnus
                 they
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 to
                 Glaucias
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 
                   Ptolemy
                   ,
                   Antigonus
                
                 his
                 General
                 ,
                 upon
                 
                 Cassander's
                 return
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Consternation
                 Chalchis
                 was
                 in
                 ,
                 had
                 the
                 City
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 freed
                 the
                 Chalcidains
                 from
                 receiving
                 any
                 further
                 Garison
                 ;
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 every
                 one
                 might
                 take
                 notice
                 ,
                 that
                 Antigonus
                 was
                 sincere
                 ,
                 and
                 did
                 really
                 design
                 to
                 restore
                 all
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 to
                 their
                 Liberties
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 eery
                 great
                 Moment
                 and
                 Concern
                 to
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 ambitious
                 of
                 gaining
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 valued
                 a
                 Place
                 of
                 Strength
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 .
              
               
                 Palemon
                 likewise
                 took
                 Oropus
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 it
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 all
                 
                 Cassander's
                 
                 Soldiers
                 Prisoners
                 at
                 War
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 brought
                 in
                 the
                 Eretrians
                 and
                 Carystians
                 to
                 
                 join
                 as
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 he
                 led
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 
                   Attica
                   ,
                   Demetrius
                   Phalerius
                
                 being
                 then
                 Chief
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 For
                 those
                 Athenians
                 that
                 desir'd
                 to
                 be
                 restor'd
                 to
                 their
                 ancient
                 Laws
                 ,
                 had
                 not
                 long
                 before
                 sent
                 some
                 privately
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 to
                 treat
                 with
                 him
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 ;
                 and
                 now
                 being
                 more
                 resolv'd
                 and
                 encourag'd
                 upon
                 
                 Ptolemy's
                 drawing
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 *
                 City
                 ,
                 they
                 forc'd
                 Demetrius
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Truce
                 ,
                 and
                 send
                 an
                 Agent
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 treat
                 of
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 Out
                 of
                 Attica
                 *
                 he
                 march'd
                 into
                 Boeotia
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 Citadel
                 Cadmea
                 ,
                 and
                 freed
                 the
                 Thebans
                 from
                 that
                 Garison
                 .
                 Thence
                 he
                 went
                 forward
                 into
                 Phocis
                 ,
                 and
                 reducing
                 several
                 Cities
                 there
                 ,
                 he
                 cast
                 out
                 the
                 Garisons
                 of
                 Cassander
                 in
                 every
                 Place
                 where-ever
                 he
                 came
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 invaded
                 Locris
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 the
                 Opuntians
                 join'd
                 with
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 he
                 besieg'd
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 prest
                 upon
                 the
                 Place
                 with
                 continual
                 Assaults
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 the
                 Cyrenians
                 revolted
                 from
                 Ptolemy
                 King
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 
                 the
                 Castle
                 there
                 so
                 fiercely
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 would
                 presently
                 have
                 taken
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 Messengers
                 came
                 from
                 Alexandria
                 ,
                 persuading
                 them
                 to
                 desist
                 ,
                 they
                 struck
                 off
                 their
                 Heads
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 to
                 work
                 against
                 the
                 Castle
                 more
                 fiercely
                 than
                 ever
                 they
                 did
                 before
                 .
                 Ptolemy
                 being
                 exceedingly
                 mov'd
                 hereat
                 ,
                 sent
                 one
                 Agis
                 ,
                 a
                 Captain
                 of
                 his
                 ,
                 thither
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 withal
                 a
                 Navy
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 by
                 Sea
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 
                   Epenetus
                   .
                   Agis
                
                 vigorously
                 pursuing
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 those
                 Rebels
                 ,
                 took
                 Cyrene
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 committed
                 the
                 Authors
                 of
                 this
                 Sedition
                 to
                 Prison
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 sent
                 them
                 bound
                 to
                 Alexandria
                 ,
                 and
                 disarm'd
                 the
                 rest
                 :
                 And
                 so
                 having
                 set
                 things
                 in
                 order
                 there
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 saw
                 cause
                 )
                 return'd
                 into
                 Aegypt
                 .
              
               
                 Ptolemy
                 having
                 had
                 this
                 good
                 Success
                 at
                 Cyrene
                 ,
                 took
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 his
                 Fleet
                 pass'd
                 over
                 out
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 into
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 against
                 those
                 who
                 rebell'd
                 against
                 their
                 Kings
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 
                 gotten
                 Pygmalion
                 (
                 whom
                 he
                 found
                 Corresponding
                 with
                 Antigonus
                 )
                 he
                 put
                 him
                 to
                 death
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 took
                 Praxippus
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Lapithi
                 and
                 Prince
                 of
                 †
                 Cerynnia
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 suspected
                 of
                 a
                 Revolt
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 them
                 fast
                 :
                 He
                 took
                 likewise
                 Stasiecus
                 ,
                 a
                 petty
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Malieans
                 ,
                 and
                 destroying
                 their
                 City
                 ,
                 remov'd
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 from
                 thence
                 to
                 *
                 Paphos
                 ;
                 which
                 done
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 Nicocreon
                 Commander
                 over
                 all
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 him
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Revenues
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Kings
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 cast
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Dominions
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 went
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 the
                 Upper
                 Syria
                 ,
                 and
                 sack'd
                 the
                 Cities
                 Posideum
                 and
                 Potamos
                 of
                 the
                 Carians
                 .
                 That
                 done
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 with
                 a
                 flying
                 Army
                 into
                 Celicia
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Mallus
                 ,
                 and
                 sold
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 for
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 all
                 the
                 Region
                 thereabouts
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 stor'd
                 all
                 his
                 Army
                 with
                 rich
                 Plunder
                 ,
                 sail'd
                 back
                 again
                 to
                 Cyprus
                 .
                 He
                 so
                 shar'd
                 with
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 in
                 all
                 Hazards
                 and
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 stirr'd
                 them
                 up
                 by
                 his
                 Example
                 chearfully
                 and
                 readily
                 to
                 undergo
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Difficulties
                 .
              
               
                 Mean
                 while
                 ,
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 kept
                 in
                 Coelo-Syria
                 ,
                 expecting
                 the
                 coming
                 of
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 heard
                 of
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Cities
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 Pithon
                 to
                 Command
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 leaving
                 his
                 Corseletiers
                 and
                 Elephants
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 with
                 his
                 Horse
                 and
                 Companies
                 of
                 light-arm'd
                 Soldiers
                 hasted
                 away
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 toward
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 to
                 aid
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 distress
                 there
                 ;
                 but
                 coming
                 too
                 late
                 ,
                 and
                 finding
                 the
                 Enemies
                 all
                 gone
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 speedily
                 to
                 his
                 Camp
                 again
                 ,
                 spoiling
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Horse
                 by
                 the
                 way
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 six
                 days
                 time
                 he
                 made
                 away
                 from
                 Mallus
                 *
                 Four
                 and
                 twenty
                 days
                 Journey
                 by
                 their
                 ordinary
                 Stages
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 through
                 their
                 immoderate
                 Travel
                 ,
                 none
                 of
                 their
                 †
                 Servants
                 or
                 Horse-boys
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 company
                 .
              
               
                 Ptolemy
                 therefore
                 seeing
                 all
                 go
                 every
                 where
                 as
                 we
                 would
                 have
                 it
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 return'd
                 into
                 Aegypt
                 .
                 But
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 ,
                 being
                 put
                 on
                 by
                 Seleucus
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 hatred
                 that
                 he
                 bore
                 unto
                 Antigonus
                 )
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 march
                 into
                 Coelo-Syria
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 to
                 try
                 it
                 out
                 with
                 Demetrius
                 :
                 Wherefore
                 gathering
                 all
                 his
                 Army
                 together
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 from
                 Alexandria
                 to
                 Pelusium
                 ,
                 having
                 with
                 him
                 Eighteen
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 whereof
                 some
                 were
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 hired
                 Soldiers
                 :
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Egyptians
                 ,
                 some
                 
                 serv'd
                 to
                 carry
                 their
                 Darts
                 and
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Luggage
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 for
                 Soldiers
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 pass'd
                 the
                 Desart
                 from
                 Pelusium
                 ,
                 he
                 encamp'd
                 near
                 the
                 Old
                 City
                 of
                 Gaza
                 in
                 Syria
                 ,
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 call'd
                 all
                 his
                 Army
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Winter-Quarters
                 ,
                 and
                 appointed
                 them
                 to
                 Rendezvous
                 at
                 Gaza
                 ,
                 there
                 to
                 attend
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 approach
                 .
                 His
                 Friends
                 indeed
                 advis'd
                 him
                 not
                 to
                 sight
                 with
                 so
                 Great
                 a
                 General
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 a
                 far
                 more
                 numerous
                 Army
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 rejected
                 their
                 Council
                 ,
                 and
                 confidently
                 prepar'd
                 himself
                 for
                 Battel
                 ;
                 tho'
                 he
                 was
                 then
                 but
                 a
                 mere
                 Boy
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 to
                 undertake
                 so
                 hazardous
                 an
                 Engagement
                 without
                 his
                 Father
                 .
                 Calling
                 therefore
                 now
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 as
                 they
                 stood
                 at
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 he
                 mounted
                 an
                 Ascent
                 rais'd
                 by
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 stood
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 in
                 Amaze
                 and
                 Astonishment
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 cry'd
                 out
                 with
                 one
                 Voice
                 ,
                 
                   Be
                   Courageous
                
                 ;
                 and
                 presently
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 deep
                 silence
                 before
                 the
                 Herald
                 could
                 command
                 it
                 :
                 
                 For
                 being
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 but
                 newly
                 taken
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 ,
                 none
                 took
                 any
                 Offence
                 at
                 his
                 Deportment
                 ,
                 in
                 relation
                 either
                 to
                 Civil
                 or
                 Military
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 frequently
                 the
                 Lot
                 of
                 Old
                 Captains
                 ,
                 who
                 have
                 many
                 times
                 all
                 their
                 Faults
                 ript
                 up
                 together
                 
                 at
                 one
                 time
                 .
                 
                   For
                   the
                   Common
                   People
                   are
                   not
                   long
                   pleas'd
                   with
                   the
                   same
                   Things
                   ;
                   and
                   whatever
                   grows
                   stale
                   in
                   the
                   Use
                   ,
                   has
                   a
                   pleasant
                   Gust
                   in
                   the
                   Change
                   and
                   Alteration
                   .
                
                 And
                 besides
                 the
                 expectation
                 of
                 his
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 (
                 his
                 Father
                 being
                 now
                 old
                 )
                 conjoin'd
                 in
                 his
                 Succession
                 both
                 the
                 Supreme
                 Command
                 and
                 the
                 Good-will
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 together
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 proper
                 and
                 comely
                 Person
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 clad
                 in
                 Royal
                 Armour
                 ,
                 appear'd
                 
                 in
                 that
                 Majesty
                 as
                 possess'd
                 the
                 Beholders
                 with
                 Awe
                 and
                 Reverence
                 ,
                 and
                 rais'd
                 up
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 with
                 high
                 Expectations
                 of
                 Great
                 Things
                 to
                 come
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 likewise
                 of
                 a
                 mild
                 Disposition
                 ,
                 becoming
                 a
                 new
                 Prince
                 and
                 General
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 he
                 wan
                 the
                 Love
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 even
                 those
                 as
                 were
                 not
                 as
                 yet
                 reduc'd
                 into
                 Orderly
                 Regiments
                 ,
                 flock'd
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 receive
                 his
                 Commands
                 ,
                 being
                 much
                 concern'd
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 Youth
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 hazardous
                 Battel
                 that
                 was
                 presently
                 to
                 be
                 fought
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 try
                 the
                 Fortune
                 of
                 War
                 against
                 a
                 greater
                 number
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 but
                 against
                 the
                 most
                 Eminent
                 and
                 Expert
                 Commanders
                 of
                 the
                 Age
                 ,
                 Ptolemy
                 and
                 Seleucus
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 Captains
                 under
                 Alexander
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 Wars
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 been
                 often
                 Generals
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Armies
                 ,
                 never
                 conquer'd
                 to
                 that
                 day
                 .
              
               
                 Demetrius
                 therefore
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 with
                 winning
                 and
                 obliging
                 Expressions
                 courted
                 the
                 
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 Rewards
                 suitable
                 to
                 every
                 Man's
                 Merit
                 ,
                 drew
                 up
                 the
                 Army
                 in
                 Battalia
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Left
                 Wing
                 (
                 where
                 himself
                 intended
                 to
                 be
                 )
                 he
                 plac'd
                 first
                 Two
                 hundred
                 choice
                 Horse
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 ,
                 with
                 other
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 was
                 Pitho
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 serv'd
                 under
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 been
                 made
                 General
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Forces
                 by
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 and
                 Fellow-Partner
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 Concerns
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Front
                 he
                 plac'd
                 Three
                 Regiments
                 of
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 Flankers
                 to
                 support
                 them
                 :
                 At
                 a
                 distance
                 out
                 from
                 the
                 Wing
                 were
                 Three
                 other
                 Regiments
                 of
                 Tarentines
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Horsemen
                 with
                 Lances
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Tarentines
                 ,
                 might
                 be
                 ready
                 at
                 hand
                 as
                 the
                 King's
                 Lifeguard
                 .
                 Next
                 he
                 plac'd
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 call'd
                 Associates
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 them
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 out
                 of
                 several
                 Nations
                 ;
                 and
                 before
                 the
                 whole
                 Wing
                 stood
                 as
                 a
                 Guard
                 
                 Thirty
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 lin'd
                 with
                 light-arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 a
                 thousand
                 were
                 Darters
                 and
                 Archers
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Persian
                 Slingers
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 was
                 the
                 Left
                 Wing
                 drawn
                 up
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 he
                 intended
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 Onset
                 :
                 Then
                 was
                 rang'd
                 the
                 main
                 Battel
                 ,
                 consisting
                 of
                 Eleven
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 Two
                 thousand
                 were
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Lycians
                 and
                 Pamphylians
                 ,
                 and
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 hir'd
                 Soldiers
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 he
                 drew
                 up
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Andronicus
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 Orders
                 to
                 keep
                 in
                 an
                 oblique
                 Line
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 a
                 running
                 Fight
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 still
                 observing
                 how
                 it
                 went
                 with
                 Demetrius
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Thirteen
                 ,
                 he
                 plac'd
                 before
                 the
                 main
                 Battel
                 of
                 the
                 Foot
                 lining
                 them
                 with
                 as
                 many
                 light-arm'd
                 Men
                 as
                 were
                 sufficient
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 Demetrius
                 drew
                 up
                 his
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 Ptolemy
                 and
                 Seleucus
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 they
                 made
                 it
                 their
                 Business
                 to
                 place
                 their
                 greatest
                 Strength
                 in
                 their
                 Left
                 Wing
                 ,
                 not
                 knowing
                 what
                 the
                 Enemy
                 design'd
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 afterwards
                 inform'd
                 by
                 their
                 Scouts
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 they
                 forthwith
                 so
                 drew
                 up
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 greatest
                 Strength
                 being
                 in
                 their
                 Right
                 Wing
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 be
                 the
                 better
                 able
                 to
                 engage
                 with
                 Demetrius
                 in
                 the
                 Left
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 in
                 that
                 Wing
                 were
                 drawn
                 up
                 Three
                 thousand
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Horse
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 they
                 themselves
                 intended
                 to
                 charge
                 .
                 Before
                 these
                 were
                 plac'd
                 those
                 who
                 bore
                 an
                 artificial
                 Palisado
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 sharp-pointed
                 with
                 Iron
                 ,
                 and
                 fasten'd
                 together
                 with
                 Chains
                 ,
                 prepar'd
                 against
                 the
                 Shock
                 of
                 the
                 Elephants
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 being
                 
                 drawn
                 out
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 an
                 easie
                 matter
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 to
                 put
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 their
                 further
                 Career
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Front
                 of
                 this
                 Wing
                 were
                 plac'd
                 light-arm'd
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 commanded
                 to
                 ply
                 the
                 Elephants
                 and
                 their
                 Riders
                 with
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 as
                 they
                 came
                 on
                 .
                 The
                 
                 Right
                 Wing
                 being
                 thus
                 drawn
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 so
                 dispos'd
                 as
                 the
                 present
                 Occasion
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 most
                 requir'd
                 ,
                 they
                 led
                 forth
                 the
                 Army
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Shout
                 towards
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 who
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 drawing
                 down
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Fight
                 was
                 begun
                 by
                 the
                 Horse
                 in
                 the
                 Fronts
                 of
                 both
                 Wings
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Demetrians
                 had
                 much
                 the
                 better
                 ;
                 but
                 within
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 after
                 the
                 Ptolemeans
                 and
                 Seleucians
                 (
                 having
                 surrounded
                 the
                 Wing
                 )
                 made
                 a
                 fierce
                 Charge
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Body
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 Resolution
                 of
                 both
                 Parties
                 )
                 there
                 follow'd
                 a
                 very
                 sharp
                 Engagement
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 first
                 Onset
                 they
                 fought
                 with
                 their
                 Lances
                 ,
                 where
                 many
                 were
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 wounded
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 fell
                 to
                 it
                 with
                 their
                 Swords
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 thronging
                 together
                 ,
                 thrust
                 one
                 another
                 through
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 in
                 heaps
                 together
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 Generals
                 exposing
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 Hazard
                 ,
                 led
                 on
                 their
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 encourag'd
                 their
                 Troops
                 to
                 stick
                 to
                 it
                 like
                 valiant
                 Men.
                 The
                 Horse
                 that
                 were
                 plac'd
                 to
                 guard
                 the
                 Wings
                 ,
                 were
                 all
                 Brave
                 and
                 Gallant
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 their
                 Commanders
                 (
                 who
                 fought
                 together
                 with
                 them
                 )
                 Eye-witnesses
                 of
                 their
                 Valour
                 ,
                 strove
                 to
                 outvie
                 one
                 another
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Fight
                 between
                 the
                 Horse
                 had
                 been
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 doubtful
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Elephants
                 (
                 forc'd
                 on
                 by
                 the
                 Indians
                 )
                 made
                 so
                 terrible
                 an
                 Onset
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 impossible
                 for
                 any
                 to
                 have
                 stood
                 before
                 them
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Palisado
                 ,
                 the
                 Archers
                 and
                 Darters
                 sorely
                 gall'd
                 both
                 the
                 Beasts
                 and
                 their
                 Riders
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 still
                 forc'd
                 on
                 forward
                 and
                 whipt
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 Indians
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 stuck
                 upon
                 the
                 sharp
                 Points
                 of
                 the
                 Palisado
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 (
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 that
                 gall'd
                 them
                 )
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 that
                 Pain
                 and
                 Torment
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 caus'd
                 an
                 horrible
                 Tumult
                 and
                 Confusion
                 .
                 For
                 these
                 Creatures
                 in
                 plain
                 and
                 even
                 Places
                 bear
                 down
                 all
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 Rough
                 and
                 Craggy
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 of
                 no
                 use
                 or
                 service
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 tenderness
                 of
                 their
                 Feet
                 .
                 Ptolemy
                 therefore
                 wisely
                 foreseeing
                 of
                 what
                 advantage
                 this
                 Palisado
                 
                 would
                 be
                 ,
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 frustrated
                 the
                 Rage
                 and
                 Fury
                 of
                 the
                 Beasts
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Indians
                 that
                 rid
                 them
                 being
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Elephants
                 were
                 taken
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 Demetrius
                 his
                 Horse
                 were
                 in
                 such
                 a
                 Consternation
                 that
                 they
                 forthwith
                 fled
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 was
                 left
                 with
                 a
                 very
                 few
                 that
                 attended
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 with
                 
                 all
                 the
                 Arguments
                 he
                 could
                 make
                 ,
                 to
                 persuade
                 his
                 Men
                 to
                 stand
                 their
                 Ground
                 and
                 not
                 forsake
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 forc'd
                 likewise
                 to
                 retreat
                 .
                 A
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 that
                 follow'd
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 retir'd
                 in
                 good
                 Order
                 ,
                 and
                 kept
                 themselves
                 unbroken
                 till
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 Gaza
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 Pursuers
                 durst
                 hastily
                 fall
                 upon
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Field
                 being
                 a
                 large
                 even
                 Plain
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 the
                 more
                 Liberty
                 to
                 draw
                 off
                 in
                 order
                 and
                 retreat
                 in
                 a
                 form'd
                 Body
                 .
                 Some
                 likewise
                 of
                 the
                 Foot
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 judg'd
                 it
                 the
                 best
                 course
                 to
                 forsake
                 their
                 Colours
                 and
                 look
                 to
                 themselves
                 )
                 cast
                 away
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 follow'd
                 the
                 Horse
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 Sun-setting
                 *
                 he
                 pass'd
                 by
                 †
                 Gaza
                 ;
                 but
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 left
                 him
                 and
                 enter'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 to
                 fetch
                 out
                 some
                 Luggage
                 .
                 The
                 Gates
                 therefore
                 being
                 open
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Streets
                 full
                 of
                 Sumpter
                 Horses
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 busie
                 in
                 leading
                 and
                 carrying
                 out
                 their
                 Goods
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 such
                 Disorder
                 and
                 Thronging
                 at
                 the
                 Gates
                 ,
                 that
                 upon
                 the
                 approach
                 of
                 the
                 Ptolimeans
                 ,
                 none
                 could
                 get
                 up
                 to
                 them
                 to
                 shut
                 them
                 to
                 prevent
                 their
                 Entry
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 breaking
                 in
                 ,
                 the
                 City
                 thus
                 fell
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 Ptolemy
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 Issue
                 of
                 this
                 Battel
                 .
              
               
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 without
                 stop
                 or
                 stay
                 ,
                 about
                 Midnight
                 came
                 to
                 *
                 Azotus
                 ,
                 having
                 from
                 the
                 Place
                 of
                 Battel
                 rid
                 above
                 †
                 Thirty
                 Mile
                 .
                 Thence
                 he
                 sent
                 a
                 Trumpet
                 to
                 beg
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 ,
                 being
                 very
                 earnest
                 to
                 perform
                 the
                 last
                 Office
                 of
                 right
                 due
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 slain
                 .
                 Many
                 of
                 his
                 Nobility
                 were
                 there
                 slain
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 eminent
                 was
                 Pitho
                 ,
                 join'd
                 in
                 equal
                 Commission
                 with
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 Beotus
                 who
                 had
                 long
                 liv'd
                 with
                 Antigonus
                 the
                 Father
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 ever
                 privy
                 to
                 all
                 his
                 Designs
                 ,
                 and
                 partaker
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Councils
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 slain
                 in
                 this
                 Battel
                 on
                 Demetrius
                 his
                 side
                 ,
                 above
                 *
                 Five
                 hundred
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 was
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Chief
                 of
                 his
                 Nobility
                 ;
                 and
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 and
                 upward
                 were
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 .
              
               
                 Ptolemy
                 and
                 Seleucus
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 granted
                 him
                 the
                 dead
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 but
                 sent
                 him
                 back
                 his
                 own
                 Pavillion
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Furniture
                 belonging
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 such
                 Prisoners
                 as
                 were
                 of
                 his
                 Houshold
                 ,
                 free
                 and
                 without
                 Ransom
                 ;
                 withal
                 letting
                 him
                 know
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 fought
                 not
                 with
                 Antigonus
                 for
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 restor'd
                 those
                 Provinces
                 to
                 the
                 Governors
                 that
                 were
                 conquer'd
                 by
                 their
                 joint
                 Arms
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 first
                 against
                 Perdictas
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 against
                 Eumenes
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 renew'd
                 his
                 League
                 of
                 Friendship
                 with
                 Seleucus
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 most
                 Unjustly
                 ,
                 and
                 against
                 all
                 Right
                 depriv'd
                 him
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Babylon
                 .
                 Other
                 Prisoners
                 Ptolemy
                 sent
                 into
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 distribute
                 them
                 amongst
                 the
                 several
                 Regiments
                 in
                 his
                 Fleet.
                 
              
               
                 After
                 Ptolemy
                 had
                 with
                 great
                 Pomp
                 and
                 Solemnity
                 bury'd
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 slain
                 in
                 the
                 Battel
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Phenicia
                 ,
                 besieging
                 some
                 ,
                 and
                 persuading
                 others
                 to
                 yield
                 .
                 Demetrius
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 (
                 being
                 no
                 longer
                 able
                 to
                 hold
                 out
                 )
                 dispatch'd
                 away
                 a
                 Messenger
                 with
                 Letters
                 to
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 to
                 pray
                 him
                 to
                 come
                 away
                 speedily
                 to
                 his
                 help
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 coming
                 to
                 Tripoli
                 in
                 Phenicia
                 ,
                 sent
                 for
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 Cilicia
                 and
                 elsewhere
                 in
                 Garisons
                 remote
                 and
                 far
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Quarters
                 ,
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 Ptolemy
                 keeping
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 still
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Field
                 ,
                 march'd
                 
                 into
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Sidon
                 ,
                 and
                 Encamping
                 near
                 Tyre
                 ,
                 sent
                 to
                 Andronicus
                 ,
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 Garison
                 there
                 ,
                 to
                 render
                 up
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 making
                 him
                 large
                 Promises
                 both
                 of
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Honour
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 would
                 never
                 betray
                 the
                 Trust
                 which
                 Antigonus
                 and
                 Demetrius
                 had
                 put
                 in
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 us'd
                 many
                 reviling
                 Speeches
                 against
                 Ptolemy
                 ;
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 while
                 after
                 he
                 was
                 surpriz'd
                 by
                 a
                 Mutiny
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 into
                 his
                 Hands
                 ;
                 and
                 thereupon
                 expected
                 nothing
                 but
                 Death
                 for
                 his
                 refusal
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 
                 
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 his
                 reviling
                 Language
                 :
                 But
                 Ptolemy
                 not
                 only
                 forgot
                 the
                 Injury
                 ,
                 but
                 highly
                 rewarded
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 him
                 into
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 honourably
                 preferr'd
                 him
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Prince
                 was
                 of
                 a
                 most
                 affable
                 and
                 gentle
                 Disposition
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 Kind
                 and
                 Generous
                 ,
                 which
                 much
                 contributed
                 to
                 the
                 Increase
                 of
                 his
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Advancement
                 of
                 his
                 Honour
                 and
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 and
                 induc'd
                 many
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 his
                 Allies
                 and
                 Confederates
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 honourably
                 receiv'd
                 Seleucus
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 cast
                 out
                 of
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 him
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 partners
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 that
                 Plenty
                 ,
                 and
                 state
                 of
                 Prosperity
                 that
                 he
                 himself
                 enjoy'd
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 ,
                 when
                 Seleucus
                 desir'd
                 some
                 Forces
                 from
                 him
                 to
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 to
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 he
                 very
                 readily
                 granted
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 withal
                 promis'd
                 he
                 would
                 assist
                 him
                 in
                 every
                 thing
                 to
                 his
                 Power
                 ,
                 till
                 he
                 had
                 recover'd
                 his
                 former
                 Government
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Condition
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Asia
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 
                   Europe
                   ,
                   Telesphorus
                   ,
                   Antigonus
                
                 his
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 who
                 then
                 lay
                 with
                 the
                 Fleet
                 at
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 seeing
                 how
                 Ptolemy
                 was
                 preferr'd
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Concerns
                 of
                 Greece
                 were
                 intrusted
                 in
                 his
                 hands
                 ,
                 accus'd
                 Antigonus
                 upon
                 this
                 Account
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 those
                 Ships
                 he
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 .
                 Then
                 picking
                 out
                 so
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 as
                 were
                 willing
                 to
                 join
                 
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 designs
                 ,
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 play
                 his
                 own
                 Pranks
                 .
                 For
                 pretending
                 to
                 be
                 at
                 one
                 with
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 he
                 enter'd
                 Elis
                 ,
                 and
                 fortify'd
                 the
                 Citadel
                 ,
                 and
                 enslav'd
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 He
                 robb'd
                 likewise
                 the
                 Temple
                 at
                 Olympus
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 thence
                 above
                 Fifty
                 Talents
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 wherewith
                 he
                 rais'd
                 and
                 hir'd
                 Foreign
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 Telesphorus
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 Envy
                 to
                 the
                 
                 Advancement
                 of
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 became
                 a
                 Traytor
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 
                   Ptolemy
                   ,
                   Antigonus
                
                 his
                 General
                 in
                 Greece
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 heard
                 of
                 the
                 Defection
                 of
                 Telesphorus
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Elians
                 ,
                 and
                 robb'd
                 the
                 Temple
                 at
                 Olympus
                 )
                 march'd
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 into
                 Peloponnesus
                 :
                 And
                 coming
                 to
                 Elis
                 ,
                 raz'd
                 the
                 Citadel
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 restor'd
                 the
                 Elians
                 to
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Money
                 to
                 the
                 Temple
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 he
                 so
                 far
                 wrought
                 upon
                 Telesphorus
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 regain'd
                 Cyllene
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Telesphorus
                 had
                 put
                 a
                 Garison
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Elians
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 while
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 in
                 acting
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   Epirots
                   (
                   Eacides
                
                 their
                 King
                 
                 being
                 dead
                 )
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 to
                 Alcetas
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 before
                 him
                 banish'd
                 by
                 his
                 Father
                 Arybilus
                 .
                 This
                 Alcetas
                 was
                 an
                 inveterate
                 Enemy
                 to
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 Lyciscus
                 ,
                 Cassander's
                 General
                 in
                 Acarnania
                 ,
                 march'd
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 into
                 Epirus
                 ,
                 hoping
                 he
                 should
                 easily
                 depose
                 him
                 ,
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 being
                 then
                 scarce
                 well
                 settled
                 .
              
               
                 Lyciscus
                 to
                 this
                 end
                 Encamping
                 at
                 
                   Cassopia
                   ,
                   Alcetas
                
                 sent
                 his
                 Sons
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 and
                 Teucrus
                 ,
                 
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 to
                 raise
                 as
                 many
                 Soldiers
                 as
                 possibly
                 they
                 could
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 march'd
                 forward
                 with
                 what
                 Forces
                 he
                 had
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 near
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 made
                 an
                 Halt
                 ,
                 waiting
                 for
                 the
                 coming
                 up
                 of
                 his
                 Sons
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Lyciscus
                 ,
                 who
                 far
                 exceeded
                 him
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 pressing
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 the
                 Epirots
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Terror
                 and
                 Amazement
                 ,
                 ran
                 over
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 Alcetas
                 being
                 thus
                 forsaken
                 ,
                 fled
                 to
                 Eurymenas
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 in
                 Epirus
                 ;
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 closely
                 besieg'd
                 in
                 this
                 Place
                 ,
                 in
                 comes
                 Alexander
                 with
                 an
                 Aid
                 to
                 the
                 Relief
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 follow'd
                 a
                 sharp
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 many
                 of
                 Lyciscus
                 his
                 Men
                 were
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 (
                 besides
                 other
                 Persons
                 of
                 great
                 account
                 )
                 were
                 Micythus
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 Captain
                 ,
                 and
                 Lysander
                 the
                 Athethenian
                 ,
                 Cassander's
                 Lord-Lieutenant
                 of
                 Leucadia
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 Dinias
                 coming
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 those
                 thus
                 worsted
                 ,
                 there
                 hapned
                 a
                 second
                 Engagement
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Alexander
                 and
                 Teucer
                 being
                 routed
                 ,
                 they
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 their
                 Father
                 ,
                 fled
                 to
                 a
                 strong
                 Castle
                 thereabout
                 for
                 shelter
                 .
                 Lyciscus
                 presently
                 took
                 Eurymenas
                 ,
                 plunder'd
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 raz'd
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Cassander
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Defeat
                 of
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 (
                 but
                 having
                 no
                 intelligence
                 of
                 the
                 Success
                 which
                 follow'd
                 )
                 hasted
                 away
                 into
                 Epirus
                 to
                 succour
                 Lyciscus
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 understand
                 how
                 well
                 things
                 had
                 succeeded
                 on
                 his
                 side
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 of
                 Friendship
                 with
                 Alcetas
                 .
                 Then
                 with
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 he
                 march'd
                 into
                 *
                 Adria
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 besiege
                 the
                 †
                 Apolloniates
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 cast
                 out
                 his
                 Garison
                 ,
                 and
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 were
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 affrighted
                 ,
                 but
                 having
                 sent
                 for
                 aids
                 from
                 others
                 that
                 were
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 they
                 drew
                 up
                 in
                 Battalia
                 before
                 their
                 Walls
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 sharp
                 Dispute
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 together
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Apolloniates
                 over-powering
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 number
                 put
                 their
                 Enemies
                 to
                 flight
                 .
                 Cassander
                 therefore
                 having
                 lost
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 wanting
                 Forces
                 sufficient
                 ,
                 and
                 perceiving
                 the
                 Winter
                 to
                 draw
                 on
                 a
                 pace
                 ,
                 return'd
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 his
                 departure
                 ,
                 the
                 *
                 Leucadians
                 ,
                 assisted
                 by
                 the
                 Corcyrians
                 ,
                 drave
                 out
                 the
                 Garison
                 of
                 Caessander
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Epirots
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 quiet
                 under
                 the
                 Royal
                 Government
                 of
                 Alcetas
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 grew
                 more
                 Severe
                 and
                 Tyranical
                 ,
                 they
                 Murder'd
                 both
                 him
                 and
                 his
                 two
                 Sons
                 ,
                 Hesioneas
                 and
                 Nisus
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 but
                 then
                 young
                 Children
                 .
              
               
               
                 In
                 
                   Asia
                   ,
                   Sele●ous
                
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 routing
                 of
                 Demetrius
                 at
                 Gaza
                 in
                 Syria
                 ,
                 (
                 receiving
                 from
                 Ptolemy
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 )
                 march'd
                 towards
                 Babylon
                 
                 with
                 that
                 Confidence
                 as
                 to
                 believe
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 no
                 Forces
                 at
                 all
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 go
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Higher
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 only
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 particular
                 
                 Friends
                 and
                 Servants
                 ;
                 being
                 verily
                 persuaded
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Babylonians
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 former
                 Love
                 and
                 Affection
                 they
                 bare
                 him
                 )
                 would
                 readily
                 come
                 in
                 and
                 side
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 now
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 fair
                 Opportunity
                 to
                 accomplish
                 his
                 Design
                 ,
                 Antigonus
                 being
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 from
                 the
                 Place
                 .
              
               
                 However
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 went
                 on
                 with
                 such
                 assuredness
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 yet
                 his
                 Friends
                 that
                 were
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 (
                 seeing
                 the
                 inconsiderable
                 Number
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 the
                 great
                 Strength
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 against
                 whom
                 he
                 was
                 marching
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 fulness
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 and
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Confederates
                 wherewith
                 they
                 were
                 supply'd
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 )
                 were
                 greatly
                 discourag'd
                 :
                 Which
                 Seleucus
                 taking
                 notice
                 of
                 ,
                 spoke
                 to
                 them
                 to
                 this
                 effect
                 :
                 
                   It
                   becomes
                   not
                   the
                   Captains
                   and
                   Fellow
                   .
                   Soldiers
                   of
                
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 
                   in
                   the
                   Expeditions
                   of
                   War
                   ,
                   to
                   confide
                   only
                   in
                   the
                   strength
                   of
                   Arms
                   and
                   confluence
                   of
                   Wealth
                   ,
                   but
                   in
                   their
                   Military
                   Art
                   and
                   Prudence
                   ,
                   through
                   which
                   he
                   accomplish'd
                   great
                   and
                   wonderful
                   Things
                   ,
                   by
                   all
                   for
                   ever
                   to
                   be
                   admir'd
                   :
                   But
                   it
                   is
                   our
                   Duty
                   rather
                   to
                   believe
                   the
                   Gods
                   who
                   have
                   assur'd
                   us
                   ,
                   that
                   this
                   Expedition
                   shall
                   be
                   Prosperous
                   and
                   Successful
                   .
                
                 For
                 he
                 told
                 them
                 ,
                 That
                 in
                 Consulting
                 the
                 Oracle
                 at
                 *
                 Branchides
                 ,
                 some
                 considerable
                 time
                 before
                 the
                 God
                 call'd
                 him
                 King
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Alexander
                 stood
                 by
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Sleep
                 ,
                 and
                 clearly
                 discover'd
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 Royal
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 in
                 due
                 time
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 advanc'd
                 ;
                 and
                 further
                 declar'd
                 ,
                 That
                 whatever
                 was
                 Great
                 and
                 Glorious
                 amongst
                 Men
                 ,
                 was
                 always
                 to
                 be
                 attained
                 by
                 Hazards
                 and
                 Toil.
                 And
                 withal
                 ,
                 carrying
                 himself
                 Fairly
                 and
                 Amicably
                 to
                 all
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 he
                 was
                 honour'd
                 by
                 every
                 body
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 were
                 willing
                 to
                 run
                 with
                 him
                 the
                 Hazard
                 of
                 this
                 desperate
                 Enterprize
                 .
              
               
                 On
                 then
                 he
                 march'd
                 ,
                 and
                 coming
                 with
                 them
                 into
                 Mesopotamia
                 he
                 there
                 dealt
                 with
                 such
                 Macedonians
                 as
                 he
                 found
                 dwelling
                 in
                 *
                 Carran
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 by
                 Persuasions
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 by
                 plain
                 Force
                 he
                 drew
                 to
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 this
                 Expedition
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 
                 he
                 enter'd
                 into
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 came
                 in
                 flocking
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 offer'd
                 him
                 their
                 Service
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 carry'd
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 obliging
                 manner
                 to
                 all
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Four
                 years
                 together
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 ,
                 thereby
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 good
                 will
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 secure
                 an
                 Interest
                 for
                 himself
                 ,
                 if
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 afterwards
                 he
                 should
                 have
                 an
                 Occasion
                 to
                 contend
                 for
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 .
                 Polyarchus
                 also
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 bare
                 some
                 kind
                 of
                 Office
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 with
                 above
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 compleatly
                 arm'd
                 .
                 But
                 they
                 who
                 stood
                 for
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 perceiv'd
                 the
                 general
                 and
                 irresistable
                 Inclination
                 of
                 the
                 Multitude
                 towards
                 him
                 ,
                 fled
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 commanded
                 by
                 Diphilus
                 ;
                 and
                 Seleucus
                 fell
                 presently
                 to
                 besiege
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 taken
                 it
                 by
                 Force
                 ,
                 deliver'd
                 such
                 Children
                 and
                 Friends
                 of
                 his
                 as
                 Antigonus
                 (
                 when
                 Seleucus
                 for
                 fear
                 fled
                 away
                 from
                 Babylon
                 into
                 Aegypt
                 )
                 had
                 there
                 committed
                 to
                 Prison
                 .
                 This
                 done
                 ,
                 he
                 fell
                 to
                 raising
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 bought
                 Horses
                 ,
                 distributed
                 them
                 among
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 fit
                 to
                 ride
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 withal
                 ,
                 carrying
                 himself
                 with
                 all
                 Fairness
                 and
                 Affability
                 towards
                 all
                 sorts
                 ;
                 made
                 them
                 all
                 ready
                 to
                 run
                 any
                 hazard
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 in
                 a
                 trice
                 recover'd
                 all
                 his
                 Government
                 of
                 Babylon
                 .
                 But
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 Nicanor
                 ,
                 whom
                 Antigonus
                 had
                 made
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Media
                 ,
                 march'd
                 against
                 him
                 with
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Seven
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ;
                 and
                 Seleucus
                 without
                 delay
                 went
                 out
                 to
                 meet
                 him
                 :
                 Having
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 all
                 a
                 little
                 above
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 Four
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ;
                 and
                 passing
                 the
                 River
                 Tigris
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 heard
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 not
                 far
                 off
                 ,
                 he
                 hid
                 his
                 
                 Men
                 in
                 the
                 Fens
                 there
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 purposing
                 to
                 set
                 upon
                 Nicanor
                 at
                 unawares
                 ;
                 who
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Bank
                 of
                 Tigris
                 ,
                 and
                 found
                 no
                 Enemy
                 there
                 ,
                 went
                 and
                 Encamp'd
                 near
                 
                 to
                 a
                 *
                 Post-house
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 little
                 thinking
                 the
                 Enemy
                 had
                 been
                 so
                 near
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Night
                 following
                 (
                 through
                 a
                 careless
                 Regard
                 and
                 Contempt
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 )
                 not
                 keeping
                 a
                 due
                 Watch
                 Seleucus
                 fell
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 rais'd
                 a
                 great
                 Tumult
                 in
                 his
                 Army
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Persisians
                 putting
                 themselves
                 forward
                 to
                 fight
                 ,
                 Evager
                 their
                 General
                 ,
                 with
                 sundry
                 others
                 of
                 their
                 Commanders
                 were
                 slain
                 .
                 After
                 which
                 Broil
                 ,
                 the
                 greater
                 part
                 of
                 
                 Nicanor's
                 Army
                 ,
                 what
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 Danger
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 for
                 the
                 Disgust
                 they
                 had
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 Government
                 ,
                 left
                 him
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 Seleucus
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 Nicanor
                 fearing
                 lest
                 at
                 the
                 next
                 bout
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 would
                 deliver
                 him
                 up
                 to
                 Seleucus
                 ,
                 fairly
                 stole
                 away
                 with
                 some
                 few
                 of
                 his
                 friends
                 ,
                 and
                 fled
                 through
                 the
                 Desart
                 .
                 Seleucus
                 having
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 gotten
                 a
                 potent
                 Army
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 continu'd
                 his
                 fair
                 Carriage
                 to
                 all
                 Men
                 as
                 before
                 ,
                 easily
                 procur'd
                 the
                 Provinces
                 of
                 Media
                 and
                 Susa
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Countries
                 bordering
                 thereupon
                 ,
                 to
                 come
                 under
                 his
                 Subjection
                 ;
                 and
                 sent
                 Ptolemy
                 word
                 how
                 he
                 had
                 sped
                 ,
                 having
                 now
                 gotten
                 a
                 full
                 Royal
                 Power
                 and
                 Majesty
                 into
                 his
                 hands
                 .
              
               
               
                 Ptolemy
                 continu'd
                 still
                 in
                 Coelo-Syria
                 after
                 the
                 great
                 Victory
                 gain'd
                 over
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 whom
                 
                 he
                 heard
                 was
                 return'd
                 out
                 of
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 encamp'd
                 in
                 the
                 Upper
                 Syria
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Nobility
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Celles
                 (
                 a
                 Macedonian
                 Born
                 )
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 Commanding
                 him
                 either
                 to
                 drive
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 every
                 part
                 of
                 Syria
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 coop
                 him
                 up
                 and
                 tread
                 him
                 to
                 dirt
                 where
                 he
                 lay
                 .
                 While
                 he
                 was
                 upon
                 his
                 March
                 ,
                 Demetrius
                 understanding
                 by
                 his
                 Scouts
                 ,
                 that
                 Celles
                 lay
                 carelesly
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 at
                 Myus
                 ,
                 leaving
                 his
                 
                 Carriages
                 behind
                 him
                 ,
                 March'd
                 away
                 with
                 a
                 Company
                 of
                 Light-footed
                 Lads
                 ,
                 who
                 travell'd
                 all
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 Day
                 fell
                 in
                 upon
                 Celles
                 his
                 Camp
                 ,
                 took
                 it
                 Without
                 a
                 stroke
                 struck
                 ,
                 and
                 Celles
                 himself
                 pris'ner
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 Victory
                 (
                 it
                 was
                 judg'd
                 )
                 he
                 was
                 quit
                 with
                 them
                 for
                 the
                 former
                 Loss
                 he
                 had
                 sustain'd
                 .
                 Yet
                 because
                 he
                 thought
                 Ptolemy
                 himself
                 was
                 coming
                 after
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 therefore
                 pitcht
                 his
                 Camp
                 in
                 a
                 place
                 where
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 Bog
                 on
                 the
                 one
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Lough
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 .
                 Demetrius
                 writ
                 Letters
                 of
                 this
                 his
                 good
                 Success
                 to
                 his
                 Father
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 wishing
                 him
                 either
                 to
                 send
                 an
                 Army
                 speedily
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 come
                 himself
                 in
                 Person
                 into
                 
                   Syria
                   .
                   Antigonus
                
                 was
                 then
                 at
                 Cellnas
                 in
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 read
                 the
                 Letter
                 ,
                 was
                 wonderfully
                 pleas'd
                 with
                 the
                 News
                 ,
                 both
                 because
                 the
                 Victory
                 was
                 gotten
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Son's
                 Conduct
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 so
                 young
                 )
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 shewn
                 himself
                 a
                 Man
                 worthy
                 to
                 wear
                 a
                 Crown
                 hereafter
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 News
                 ,
                 he
                 himself
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 march'd
                 out
                 of
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 pass'd
                 over
                 Mount
                 Taurus
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 days
                 time
                 he
                 joyn'd
                 with
                 Demetrius
                 .
              
               
                 Ptolemy
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 coming
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 call'd
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 to
                 advise
                 whether
                 it
                 was
                 better
                 to
                 stay
                 where
                 he
                 was
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 to
                 try
                 it
                 out
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 Syria
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 return
                 into
                 Egypt
                 and
                 Fight
                 with
                 him
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 before
                 with
                 Perdiccas
                 ?
                 The
                 result
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 was
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 hazard
                 himself
                 by
                 ingaging
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 far
                 more
                 numerous
                 than
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 where
                 there
                 were
                 such
                 multitudes
                 of
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 a
                 General
                 never
                 yet
                 Conquer'd
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 much
                 safer
                 for
                 him
                 to
                 fight
                 in
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 better
                 supply'd
                 with
                 Provision
                 ,
                 then
                 
                 the
                 Enemy
                 could
                 be
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 places
                 of
                 Strength
                 wherein
                 he
                 might
                 confide
                 .
                 Determining
                 therefore
                 to
                 leave
                 Syria
                 ,
                 before
                 he
                 went
                 ,
                 he
                 laid
                 wast
                 ,
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 the
                 Principal
                 
                 Cities
                 he
                 held
                 there
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 in
                 his
                 Possession
                 ,
                 as
                 Achon
                 in
                 
                   Syrophenicia
                   ,
                   Joppa
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Samaria
                 ;
                 and
                 Gaza
                 in
                 Syria
                 .
                 Then
                 taking
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 whatever
                 he
                 could
                 drive
                 or
                 carry
                 (
                 loaden
                 with
                 Wealth
                 )
                 he
                 return'd
                 into
                 Egypt
                 .
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 without
                 stroke
                 stricken
                 recover'd
                 all
                 Syria
                 and
                 Phenicia
                 ,
                 took
                 a
                 Jouney
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Arabians
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 *
                 Nabatheans
                 ;
                 for
                 thinking
                 that
                 they
                 
                 never
                 much
                 favour'd
                 his
                 proceedings
                 ,
                 he
                 appointed
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Atheneus
                 ,
                 with
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Six
                 hundred
                 light
                 Horse
                 to
                 fall
                 in
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 bring
                 away
                 what
                 spoil
                 he
                 could
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 worth
                 our
                 pains
                 here
                 to
                 relate
                 the
                 Manners
                 and
                 Customs
                 of
                 these
                 Arabians
                 ,
                 for
                 
                 the
                 information
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 are
                 ignorant
                 ;
                 by
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 which
                 Customs
                 they
                 have
                 hitherto
                 secur'd
                 themselves
                 and
                 preserv'd
                 their
                 Liberty
                 .
                 They
                 live
                 in
                 the
                 plain
                 and
                 open
                 Fields
                 ,
                 calling
                 that
                 Desert
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 wherein
                 are
                 neither
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 Rivers
                 or
                 Springs
                 ,
                 whereby
                 any
                 Enemys
                 Army
                 can
                 be
                 reliev'd
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 a
                 Law
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 neither
                 to
                 Sow
                 ,
                 Plant
                 ,
                 Build
                 Houses
                 ,
                 or
                 Drink
                 any
                 Wine
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 that
                 is
                 discover'd
                 to
                 do
                 any
                 of
                 these
                 ,
                 is
                 sure
                 to
                 Die
                 for
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 reason
                 of
                 this
                 Law
                 is
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 conceive
                 that
                 those
                 who
                 are
                 possess'd
                 of
                 such
                 things
                 ,
                 are
                 easily
                 (
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 losing
                 of
                 what
                 they
                 have
                 ,
                 or
                 in
                 hopes
                 of
                 gaining
                 more
                 ,
                 )
                 forc'd
                 to
                 comply
                 with
                 the
                 Will
                 and
                 Humour
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 more
                 powerful
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 them
                 breed
                 up
                 Camels
                 ;
                 others
                 imploy
                 themselves
                 in
                 feeding
                 of
                 Sheep
                 ,
                 roving
                 to
                 and
                 fro
                 in
                 the
                 Wilderness
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 .
                 There
                 are
                 no
                 few
                 ,
                 indeed
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 Arabians
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 they
                 give
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Pasturage
                 of
                 Cattel
                 in
                 the
                 Deserts
                 ,
                 yet
                 are
                 far
                 richer
                 then
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 but
                 exceed
                 not
                 in
                 number
                 above
                 
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 .
                 For
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 use
                 to
                 carry
                 Frankincense
                 ,
                 Mirrh
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 rich
                 Perfumes
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 side
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 traffick
                 for
                 ,
                 and
                 receive
                 from
                 them
                 that
                 bring
                 them
                 from
                 Arabia
                 the
                 Happy
                 .
                 They
                 highly
                 prize
                 and
                 value
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 any
                 strong
                 Armies
                 invade
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 presently
                 fly
                 into
                 the
                 Wilderness
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 a
                 strong
                 Fort
                 and
                 Castle
                 for
                 refuge
                 ;
                 for
                 being
                 no
                 Water
                 is
                 there
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 ,
                 none
                 can
                 follow
                 them
                 through
                 these
                 Deserts
                 :
                 But
                 as
                 to
                 themselves
                 ,
                 they
                 have
                 a
                 sure
                 and
                 safe
                 Retreat
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 Earthen
                 Pots
                 and
                 Vessels
                 hid
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 prepar'd
                 before
                 hand
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Soil
                 is
                 a
                 fat
                 Clay
                 ,
                 under
                 which
                 lies
                 a
                 soft
                 Stone
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 they
                 dig
                 great
                 Caves
                 very
                 narrow
                 at
                 the
                 entrance
                 ,
                 but
                 enlarging
                 by
                 degrees
                 as
                 they
                 grow
                 in
                 depth
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 come
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 that
                 bigness
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 hundred
                 Foot
                 Square
                 ;
                 these
                 Caves
                 they
                 fill
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Mouths
                 with
                 these
                 Vessels
                 fill'd
                 with
                 Rain-Water
                 ;
                 then
                 they
                 lay
                 all
                 even
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 leave
                 certain
                 Marks
                 where
                 to
                 find
                 the
                 place
                 known
                 to
                 none
                 but
                 themselves
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Cattel
                 (
                 driven
                 away
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 )
                 they
                 take
                 so
                 much
                 Water
                 as
                 
                 may
                 serve
                 them
                 for
                 Three
                 Days
                 ,
                 lest
                 while
                 they
                 are
                 in
                 their
                 flight
                 in
                 dry
                 and
                 parch'd
                 places
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 ever
                 and
                 anon
                 put
                 to
                 a
                 stop
                 by
                 the
                 continual
                 watering
                 of
                 their
                 Cattle
                 .
              
               
                 Their
                 Food
                 is
                 Flesh
                 ,
                 Milk
                 and
                 Roots
                 .
                 For
                 Drink
                 they
                 have
                 abundance
                 of
                 wild
                 Honey
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 Pepper
                 growing
                 upon
                 some
                 Trees
                 ,
                 both
                 which
                 they
                 mix
                 together
                 in
                 Water
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 are
                 likewise
                 other
                 kinds
                 of
                 Arabians
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 whom
                 imploy
                 themselves
                 in
                 Husbandry
                 ,
                 
                 Selling
                 of
                 Corn
                 ,
                 with
                 other
                 Provisions
                 ,
                 and
                 agree
                 with
                 the
                 Syrians
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 except
                 dwelling
                 in
                 Houses
                 .
                 And
                 such
                 were
                 then
                 the
                 Customs
                 of
                 these
                 Arabians
                 .
              
               
                 Near
                 at
                 hand
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Publick
                 Meeting
                 of
                 these
                 *
                 Arabians
                 ,
                 whither
                 all
                 bordering
                 Nations
                 us'd
                 to
                 come
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 a
                 common
                 Mart
                 to
                 sell
                 off
                 to
                 them
                 their
                 Commodities
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 buy
                 from
                 them
                 the
                 Merchandize
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 Mart
                 the
                 Nabatheans
                 now
                 went
                 ,
                 leaving
                 their
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Old
                 Men
                 with
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 upon
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 a
                 Rock
                 .
                 The
                 place
                 was
                 very
                 strong
                 ,
                 but
                 Un-Wall'd
                 ,
                 and
                 distant
                 Two
                 Days
                 Journey
                 from
                 the
                 Countrey
                 that
                 was
                 inhabited
                 .
                 Atheneus
                 watching
                 his
                 opportunity
                 ,
                 march'd
                 speedily
                 to
                 this
                 Rock
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 march'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Edom
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 *
                 Two
                 thousand
                 and
                 two
                 hundred
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 Three
                 Days
                 and
                 Three
                 Nights
                 ,
                 late
                 at
                 Midnight
                 (
                 the
                 Arabians
                 knowing
                 nothing
                 of
                 his
                 coming
                 )
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ;
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 there
                 sound
                 ,
                 some
                 he
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 he
                 made
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 wounded
                 he
                 there
                 left
                 behind
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Mirrh
                 and
                 Frankincense
                 ,
                 with
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 and
                 staying
                 there
                 *
                 not
                 past
                 Three
                 Hours
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Countreys
                 coming
                 in
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 return'd
                 
                 presently
                 again
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 he
                 and
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 having
                 gone
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 could
                 go
                 no
                 further
                 for
                 very
                 weariness
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 rested
                 there
                 ,
                 keeping
                 neither
                 Watch
                 nor
                 Ward
                 ,
                 as
                 presuming
                 that
                 the
                 Country
                 People
                 could
                 not
                 reach
                 thither
                 in
                 Two
                 or
                 Three
                 Days
                 after
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Arabians
                 receiving
                 intelligence
                 by
                 some
                 that
                 saw
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 presently
                 got
                 together
                 ,
                 left
                 the
                 Fair
                 and
                 return'd
                 to
                 the
                 Rock
                 ;
                 where
                 being
                 more
                 fully
                 inform'd
                 by
                 the
                 wounded
                 Men
                 ,
                 of
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 they
                 incontinently
                 pursu'd
                 the
                 Greeks
                 with
                 Might
                 and
                 Main
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 Atheneus
                 his
                 Men
                 kept
                 no
                 Watch
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 their
                 long
                 Journey
                 lay
                 weary
                 and
                 fast
                 asleep
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 stole
                 away
                 from
                 them
                 ;
                 from
                 whom
                 ,
                 when
                 their
                 Country-men
                 (
                 whom
                 they
                 met
                 )
                 had
                 learnt
                 how
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Camp
                 lay
                 ,
                 they
                 hasted
                 to
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 coming
                 upon
                 them
                 at
                 Three
                 of
                 the
                 Clock
                 in
                 the
                 Morning
                 ,
                 fell
                 into
                 their
                 Trenches
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Eight
                 Thousand
                 of
                 
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 the
                 Throats
                 of
                 some
                 snorting
                 in
                 their
                 Cabins
                 ;
                 others
                 that
                 made
                 resistance
                 they
                 slew
                 .
                 To
                 make
                 short
                 ,
                 they
                 utterly
                 destroy'd
                 all
                 their
                 Foot
                 ,
                 only
                 Fifty
                 of
                 their
                 Horse
                 got
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 wounded
                 too
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 Atheneus
                 ,
                 tho'
                 he
                 began
                 well
                 ,
                 yet
                 through
                 his
                 own
                 imprudence
                 lost
                 all
                 in
                 the
                 close
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 some
                 ,
                 not
                 without
                 Cause
                 ,
                 are
                 of
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 's
                 easier
                 to
                 improve
                 Misfortunes
                 to
                 the
                 best
                 advantage
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 carry
                 it
                 with
                 Prudence
                 under
                 extraordinary
                 Successes
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 first
                 through
                 Fear
                 of
                 what
                 further
                 mischief
                 may
                 afterwards
                 follow
                 ,
                 puts
                 a
                 Man
                 on
                 to
                 a
                 more
                 exact
                 and
                 careful
                 management
                 of
                 his
                 Concerns
                 ;
                 but
                 by
                 prosperous
                 Adventures
                 Men
                 are
                 many
                 times
                 flatter'd
                 into
                 gross
                 negligence
                 and
                 security
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Nabatheans
                 having
                 thus
                 reveng'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 recover'd
                 their
                 Goods
                 again
                 ,
                 return'd
                 to
                 the
                 Rock
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 a
                 Letter
                 of
                 theirs
                 ,
                 written
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 in
                 Syriac
                 Characters
                 ,
                 complain'd
                 of
                 Atheneus
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 wrong
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 excus'd
                 themselves
                 .
                 To
                 whom
                 Antigonus
                 wrote
                 back
                 again
                 cunningly
                 ,
                 telling
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 Atheneus
                 
                 was
                 well
                 enough
                 serv'd
                 by
                 them
                 ;
                 blaming
                 him
                 for
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 and
                 assuring
                 them
                 he
                 had
                 given
                 him
                 no
                 such
                 Orders
                 .
                 This
                 he
                 did
                 to
                 cover
                 what
                 he
                 was
                 really
                 designing
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 the
                 more
                 secure
                 ,
                 that
                 thereby
                 he
                 might
                 with
                 more
                 ease
                 effectually
                 accomplish
                 what
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 contriving
                 .
                 For
                 without
                 some
                 Stratagem
                 it
                 was
                 no
                 easie
                 matter
                 to
                 overcome
                 Men
                 that
                 wander'd
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 continually
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 the
                 Wilderness
                 for
                 an
                 inaccessible
                 Shelter
                 and
                 Refuge
                 at
                 the
                 last
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Arabians
                 upon
                 the
                 receit
                 of
                 the
                 Letter
                 rejoyc'd
                 that
                 they
                 seem'd
                 at
                 present
                 to
                 be
                 free'd
                 from
                 their
                 great
                 fears
                 ;
                 but
                 yet
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 wholly
                 rely
                 upon
                 his
                 Letter
                 ;
                 But
                 being
                 between
                 Hope
                 and
                 Fear
                 ,
                 plac'd
                 Spies
                 upon
                 Watch-Towers
                 and
                 other
                 high
                 places
                 ,
                 whence
                 they
                 might
                 easily
                 see
                 afar
                 off
                 ,
                 when
                 any
                 Enemy
                 made
                 an
                 incursion
                 into
                 Arabia
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 themselves
                 put
                 all
                 things
                 in
                 readiness
                 ,
                 waiting
                 for
                 the
                 issue
                 and
                 event
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 Antigonus
                 having
                 for
                 a
                 time
                 carry'd
                 himself
                 as
                 a
                 Friend
                 towards
                 these
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 
                 now
                 judg'd
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 fair
                 opportunity
                 to
                 set
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 having
                 brought
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 to
                 his
                 bait
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 therefore
                 he
                 chose
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 light
                 Arm'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 swiftest
                 of
                 Foot
                 he
                 could
                 find
                 ,
                 and
                 added
                 to
                 them
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 willing
                 them
                 to
                 take
                 with
                 them
                 as
                 many
                 Days
                 Victuals
                 as
                 they
                 could
                 well
                 carry
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 needed
                 no
                 Cooking
                 ;
                 and
                 assigning
                 Demetrius
                 his
                 Son
                 to
                 Command
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 
                 sent
                 them
                 away
                 about
                 the
                 first
                 Watch
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 with
                 this
                 Charge
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 by
                 all
                 means
                 be
                 reveng'd
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 He
                 therefore
                 Travell'd
                 Three
                 Days
                 Journey
                 through
                 the
                 Desert
                 ,
                 hastning
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 them
                 at
                 unawares
                 .
                 But
                 their
                 Scouts
                 perceiving
                 the
                 first
                 approach
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 towards
                 their
                 Borders
                 ,
                 immediately
                 gave
                 notice
                 of
                 their
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 Country
                 :
                 whereupon
                 they
                 presently
                 got
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 Rock
                 ,
                 where
                 there
                 was
                 but
                 one
                 way
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 made
                 by
                 Art
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 laid
                 all
                 their
                 Baggage
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 a
                 sufficient
                 
                 Guard
                 to
                 keep
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 went
                 and
                 drove
                 away
                 their
                 Cattle
                 ,
                 some
                 to
                 one
                 place
                 and
                 some
                 to
                 another
                 in
                 the
                 Desert
                 .
                 Demetrius
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Rock
                 and
                 saw
                 all
                 the
                 Cattle
                 driven
                 away
                 ,
                 presently
                 went
                 to
                 Besiege
                 it
                 :
                 but
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 within
                 manfully
                 defending
                 it
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 had
                 all
                 the
                 day
                 long
                 the
                 better
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 Demetrius
                 was
                 forc'd
                 at
                 last
                 to
                 draw
                 off
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 Day
                 when
                 he
                 approach'd
                 again
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 to
                 the
                 Rock
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 cry'd
                 out
                 :
                 
                   What
                   would'st
                   thou
                   have
                   ,
                   O
                   King
                   ,
                   DEMETRIUS
                   ?
                
                 or
                 what
                 has
                 provok'd
                 thee
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 us
                 who
                 inhabit
                 the
                 Wilderness
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 places
                 where
                 there
                 's
                 neither
                 Water
                 ,
                 Corn
                 nor
                 Wine
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 thing
                 else
                 which
                 you
                 cannot
                 be
                 without
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 for
                 us
                 ,
                 who
                 can
                 upon
                 no
                 terms
                 endure
                 to
                 be
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 we
                 betake
                 our Selves
                 to
                 a
                 Country
                 destitute
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 that
                 are
                 of
                 absolute
                 necessity
                 to
                 all
                 other
                 Men
                 ;
                 and
                 we
                 chuse
                 to
                 live
                 a
                 solitary
                 Life
                 altogether
                 ,
                 like
                 the
                 Beasts
                 of
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 without
                 doing
                 the
                 least
                 harm
                 to
                 any
                 of
                 you
                 .
                 Therefore
                 we
                 intreat
                 you
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 and
                 your
                 Father
                 ,
                 that
                 you
                 injure
                 not
                 us
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 you
                 would
                 accept
                 of
                 some
                 Presents
                 ,
                 and
                 march
                 away
                 with
                 the
                 Army
                 from
                 us
                 ,
                 and
                 receive
                 the
                 Nabatheans
                 
                 into
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 your
                 Friends
                 for
                 the
                 time
                 to
                 come
                 .
              
               
                 Neither
                 can
                 you
                 possibly
                 stay
                 here
                 many
                 days
                 (
                 though
                 you
                 had
                 never
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 mind
                 to
                 do
                 it
                 )
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Water
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 necessaries
                 ;
                 neither
                 can
                 you
                 ever
                 force
                 us
                 to
                 change
                 our
                 course
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 tho'
                 perhaps
                 you
                 may
                 take
                 some
                 poor
                 dispirited
                 Pris'ners
                 who
                 will
                 never
                 endure
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 under
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 other
                 Laws
                 and
                 Rules
                 of
                 Living
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 was
                 said
                 ,
                 Demetrius
                 drew
                 off
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 wish'd
                 them
                 to
                 send
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 Treat
                 of
                 these
                 Matters
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Arabians
                 sent
                 their
                 oldest
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 using
                 the
                 same
                 Arguments
                 with
                 those
                 before
                 related
                 )
                 perswaded
                 Demetrius
                 to
                 accept
                 of
                 such
                 Gifts
                 as
                 were
                 of
                 greatest
                 Esteem
                 and
                 Value
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 War.
                 Upon
                 Hostages
                 therefore
                 given
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 Gifts
                 as
                 were
                 agreed
                 upon
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 drew
                 off
                 *
                 from
                 the
                 Rock
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 removing
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Furlongs
                 off
                 ,
                 he
                 encamp'd
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Lake
                 *
                 Asphaltes
                 ;
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 which
                 it
                 's
                 not
                 fit
                 to
                 pass
                 over
                 without
                 giving
                 some
                 account
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 lies
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Edom
                 ;
                 and
                 stretches
                 forth
                 in
                 length
                 *
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Furlongs
                 :
                 but
                 in
                 breadth
                 it
                 is
                 but
                 Threescore
                 .
                 The
                 Water
                 is
                 very
                 bitter
                 and
                 stinking
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 neither
                 Fish
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 other
                 thing
                 us'd
                 to
                 the
                 Water
                 can
                 live
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 many
                 remarkable
                 Rivers
                 of
                 very
                 sweet
                 Water
                 empty
                 themselves
                 into
                 it
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 remains
                 as
                 corrupt
                 and
                 unsavory
                 ,
                 both
                 as
                 to
                 Tast
                 and
                 Smell
                 as
                 ever
                 it
                 did
                 before
                 .
                 Every
                 Year
                 rises
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 it
                 great
                 massy
                 pieces
                 of
                 Bitumen
                 and
                 Pitch
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 bigger
                 then
                 Three
                 *
                 Plethras
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 a
                 little
                 less
                 then
                 one
                 .
                 And
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 the
                 Barbarous
                 Inhabitants
                 call
                 the
                 larger
                 pieces
                 Bulls
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 less
                 Calves
                 .
                 These
                 pieces
                 of
                 Pitch
                 and
                 Brimstone
                 floating
                 upon
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 seem
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 to
                 be
                 as
                 so
                 many
                 Islands
                 :
                 There
                 are
                 evident
                 Signs
                 that
                 sorgoe
                 and
                 give
                 notice
                 of
                 the
                 casting
                 up
                 of
                 this
                 Bituminous
                 Matter
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 Twenty
                 Days
                 before
                 .
                 For
                 a
                 horrid
                 smell
                 of
                 Brimstone
                 and
                 Pitch
                 infects
                 the
                 Air
                 round
                 about
                 the
                 Lake
                 at
                 many
                 Furlongs
                 distance
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 Metals
                 ,
                 whether
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 Silver
                 or
                 Copper
                 near
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 change
                 their
                 natural
                 Colour
                 ,
                 which
                 presently
                 returns
                 again
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Brimstone
                 is
                 exhal'd
                 .
                 The
                 places
                 bordering
                 upon
                 it
                 are
                 so
                 burning
                 hot
                 (
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Sulphur
                 and
                 Brimstone
                 under
                 ground
                 )
                 and
                 cast
                 forth
                 such
                 an
                 horrible
                 stench
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 are
                 very
                 unhealthy
                 ,
                 and
                 short
                 liv'd
                 :
                 yet
                 the
                 Country
                 thereabouts
                 being
                 water'd
                 with
                 many
                 pleasant
                 Rivers
                 and
                 refreshing
                 Springs
                 ,
                 bears
                 abundance
                 of
                 Palm-Trees
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 certain
                 Vale
                 near
                 to
                 this
                 place
                 grows
                 that
                 they
                 call
                 *
                 Balm
                 ,
                 from
                 which
                 they
                 raise
                 a
                 great
                 Revenue
                 ;
                 inasmuch
                 as
                 this
                 Plant
                 grows
                 in
                 no
                 other
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 beside
                 ;
                 and
                 is
                 of
                 excellent
                 use
                 amongst
                 Physitians
                 for
                 the
                 healing
                 and
                 curing
                 of
                 Wounds
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Distempers
                 .
                 The
                 Inhabitants
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 this
                 Lake
                 ,
                 are
                 so
                 earnest
                 to
                 carry
                 away
                 this
                 Brimstone
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 fight
                 one
                 with
                 nother
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 bring
                 it
                 off
                 in
                 a
                 strange
                 manner
                 without
                 Shipping
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 cast
                 
                 in
                 huge
                 Bundles
                 of
                 Butrushes
                 fastned
                 close
                 together
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 Three
                 or
                 more
                 of
                 them
                 place
                 themselves
                 ,
                 two
                 of
                 which
                 ply
                 the
                 Oars
                 that
                 are
                 fastn'd
                 to
                 the
                 Bulrushes
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 third
                 carrys
                 a
                 Bow
                 and
                 Arrows
                 to
                 defend
                 themselves
                 against
                 such
                 as
                 attempt
                 to
                 make
                 up
                 upon
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 offer
                 them
                 any
                 violence
                 .
                 Assoon
                 as
                 they
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Brimstone
                 they
                 get
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 hew
                 it
                 in
                 pieces
                 with
                 Axes
                 ,
                 as
                 pieces
                 of
                 stone
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 soft
                 Rock
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 loading
                 the
                 Bulrish
                 Boat
                 ,
                 they
                 row
                 back
                 .
                 If
                 any
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 Water
                 through
                 the
                 deficiency
                 of
                 the
                 Boat
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 never
                 sinks
                 as
                 in
                 other
                 waters
                 ,
                 tho'
                 he
                 knows
                 not
                 how
                 to
                 swim
                 ,
                 but
                 lies
                 upon
                 the
                 water
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 the
                 best
                 swimmer
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 For
                 this
                 Lake
                 naturally
                 bears
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 has
                 either
                 a
                 vegetative
                 or
                 an
                 animal
                 Life
                 ,
                 except
                 such
                 things
                 as
                 are
                 solid
                 ,
                 and
                 seem
                 to
                 be
                 without
                 Pores
                 ,
                 as
                 Silver
                 ,
                 Gold
                 ,
                 Lead
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 ;
                 and
                 these
                 likewise
                 are
                 much
                 longer
                 and
                 slower
                 in
                 sinking
                 than
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 cast
                 into
                 other
                 waters
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 profit
                 and
                 advantage
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 reap
                 from
                 it
                 ;
                 they
                 Transport
                 this
                 Pitch
                 into
                 Egypt
                 and
                 there
                 sell
                 it
                 for
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 embalming
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 they
                 do
                 not
                 mix
                 this
                 with
                 other
                 Aromatick
                 Spices
                 ,
                 the
                 Bodies
                 cannot
                 be
                 preserv'd
                 long
                 from
                 putrefaction
                 .
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 at
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Demetrius
                 having
                 heard
                 the
                 Relation
                 of
                 his
                 Voiage
                 blam'd
                 him
                 for
                 his
                 making
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Nabatheans
                 ,
                 saying
                 that
                 those
                 barbarous
                 people
                 having
                 so
                 escapt
                 would
                 thereupon
                 grow
                 more
                 insolent
                 than
                 before
                 ,
                 concluding
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 favour'd
                 out
                 of
                 love
                 or
                 compassion
                 of
                 the
                 Conqueror
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 dispair
                 of
                 the
                 Conquest
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 commended
                 him
                 for
                 discovering
                 the
                 Lake
                 Asphaltes
                 ,
                 seeing
                 that
                 from
                 thence
                 he
                 
                 might
                 raise
                 some
                 yearly
                 Revenue
                 to
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 
                   Hieronimus
                   Cardianus
                
                 the
                 Historian
                 his
                 Treasurer
                 for
                 that
                 Revenue
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 build
                 Ships
                 and
                 gather
                 together
                 all
                 the
                 Bitumen
                 ,
                 or
                 liquid
                 Brimstone
                 that
                 could
                 be
                 gotten
                 out
                 of
                 that
                 Lake
                 :
                 But
                 Antigonus
                 in
                 the
                 event
                 was
                 frustrated
                 of
                 his
                 hope
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Arabians
                 coming
                 together
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Six
                 thousand
                 Men
                 set
                 upon
                 them
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 gathering
                 this
                 Brimstone
                 ,
                 and
                 shot
                 them
                 almost
                 all
                 to
                 death
                 with
                 their
                 Arrows
                 ;
                 whereby
                 Antigonus
                 lost
                 all
                 hopes
                 of
                 making
                 any
                 standing
                 Revenue
                 that
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 forbore
                 all
                 further
                 prosecution
                 of
                 that
                 design
                 both
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 miscarriage
                 already
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 matters
                 of
                 greater
                 weight
                 and
                 concern
                 then
                 in
                 his
                 head
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 about
                 that
                 time
                 a
                 Courrier
                 came
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 Letters
                 to
                 him
                 from
                 Nicanor
                 ,
                 Governor
                 of
                 Media
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 ,
                 how
                 Seleucus
                 was
                 return'd
                 and
                 prosper'd
                 in
                 those
                 parts
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 Antigonus
                 being
                 much
                 concern'd
                 for
                 the
                 upper
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 sent
                 his
                 Son
                 Demetrius
                 with
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Macedonian
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 with
                 charge
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 march
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Walls
                 of
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 recover'd
                 that
                 Province
                 should
                 from
                 thence
                 march
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Sea.
                 Demetrius
                 hereupon
                 departed
                 from
                 Damascus
                 in
                 Syria
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 vigorously
                 on
                 to
                 fulfil
                 his
                 Fathers
                 Command
                 .
                 But
                 Patrocles
                 ,
                 whom
                 Celeucus
                 had
                 made
                 President
                 of
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 so
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 heard
                 that
                 Demetrius
                 was
                 falling
                 into
                 Mesopotamia
                 ,
                 not
                 daring
                 to
                 stay
                 his
                 coming
                 (
                 because
                 he
                 had
                 but
                 a
                 smal
                 power
                 about
                 him
                 )
                 commanded
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 leave
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 passing
                 the
                 Euphrates
                 they
                 should
                 flee
                 some
                 into
                 the
                 Deseart
                 ,
                 others
                 over
                 the
                 Tigris
                 into
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Susa
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 *
                 Persian
                 Sea
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 with
                 a
                 company
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 about
                 him
                 trusting
                 in
                 the
                 Barrs
                 of
                 the
                 Rivers
                 and
                 Dikes
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 thereabouts
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Fortresses
                 and
                 Bulwarks
                 for
                 his
                 defence
                 ,
                 kept
                 himself
                 still
                 within
                 the
                 Bounds
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 cast
                 about
                 how
                 to
                 intrap
                 his
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 sending
                 ever
                 and
                 anon
                 Tidings
                 to
                 Seleucus
                 in
                 Media
                 how
                 how
                 things
                 went
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 desiring
                 aid
                 to
                 be
                 speedily
                 sent
                 to
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 Demetrius
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Babylon
                 and
                 found
                 the
                 City
                 it self
                 void
                 of
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 fell
                 
                 presently
                 to
                 besiege
                 the
                 Forts
                 and
                 Castles
                 that
                 were
                 therein
                 ,
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 taken
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 gave
                 the
                 spoil
                 thereof
                 to
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 :
                 But
                 having
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 other
                 for
                 some
                 days
                 together
                 ,
                 in
                 hast
                 ,
                 he
                 departed
                 ,
                 leaving
                 Archelaus
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 trusty
                 friends
                 ,
                 to
                 maintain
                 the
                 Siege
                 with
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 ;
                 and
                 himself
                 ,
                 seeing
                 the
                 time
                 run
                 out
                 ,
                 which
                 his
                 Father
                 had
                 appointed
                 him
                 to
                 finish
                 his
                 work
                 in
                 ;
                 return'd
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 into
                 the
                 lesser
                 Asia
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 those
                 things
                 were
                 acting
                 ,
                 the
                 Wars
                 between
                 the
                 Romans
                 and
                 the
                 Samnites
                 continu'd
                 still
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 wherein
                 there
                 were
                 daily
                 excursions
                 into
                 one
                 anothers
                 Territories
                 ,
                 Besieging
                 of
                 Cities
                 and
                 Incamping
                 of
                 Armies
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Contest
                 between
                 the
                 most
                 warlike
                 Nations
                 of
                 Italy
                 was
                 ,
                 which
                 should
                 gain
                 the
                 Empire
                 and
                 Sovereign
                 
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 account
                 many
                 great
                 Battles
                 were
                 fought
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 Consuls
                 of
                 Rome
                 with
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Forces
                 Incampt
                 in
                 the
                 face
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 watching
                 for
                 a
                 fit
                 opportunity
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 they
                 preserv'd
                 their
                 Consederate
                 Cities
                 from
                 annoyance
                 and
                 disturbance
                 from
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 With
                 
                 
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 
                   Quintus
                   Fabius
                
                 the
                 Dictator
                 took
                 Fretomanum
                 ,
                 and
                 carri'd
                 away
                 the
                 persons
                 of
                 greatest
                 quality
                 that
                 were
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Two
                 hundred
                 and
                 upwards
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 them
                 to
                 Rome
                 ,
                 and
                 expos'd
                 them
                 as
                 a
                 publick
                 Spectacle
                 in
                 the
                 Forum
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 scourg'd
                 them
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Roman
                 Custom
                 ,
                 cut
                 off
                 their
                 Heads
                 .
                 He
                 made
                 likewise
                 an
                 inroad
                 into
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Territories
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Celia
                 and
                 the
                 Cittadel
                 of
                 *
                 Nota
                 ,
                 with
                 abundance
                 of
                 Spoil
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 by
                 Lot
                 among
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ;
                 the
                 Romans
                 hereupon
                 incourag'd
                 with
                 these
                 successes
                 which
                 fell
                 out
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 hearts
                 desire
                 ,
                 sent
                 a
                 Colony
                 into
                 the
                 Island
                 call'd
                 *
                 Pontia
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 after
                 that
                 Agathocles
                 had
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 Messenians
                 the
                 Refugees
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 all
                 flockt
                 to
                 Messina
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 saw
                 that
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 only
                 City
                 that
                 stood
                 out
                 against
                 him
                 .
                 Agathocles
                 therefore
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 business
                 to
                 break
                 their
                 Confederacy
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 sent
                 away
                 Pasiphilus
                 his
                 General
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 to
                 Messina
                 ,
                 with
                 private
                 instructions
                 to
                 do
                 what
                 he
                 thought
                 fit
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 agreeable
                 to
                 the
                 circumstances
                 of
                 Affairs
                 as
                 he
                 should
                 find
                 them
                 ;
                 hereupon
                 he
                 enter'd
                 the
                 Country
                 on
                 a
                 suddain
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 taken
                 many
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 much
                 spoil
                 ,
                 he
                 Solicited
                 the
                 Messenians
                 to
                 Peace
                 and
                 Amity
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 themselves
                 so
                 to
                 be
                 led
                 aside
                 as
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 the
                 implacable
                 Enemies
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 .
              
               
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Messenians
                 hoping
                 to
                 extricate
                 themselves
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 without
                 Blows
                 ,
                 cast
                 out
                 all
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 Fugitives
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 Agathocles
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 who
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 carri'd
                 himself
                 very
                 courteously
                 and
                 obligingly
                 towards
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 courted
                 them
                 to
                 admit
                 those
                 Exiles
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 had
                 been
                 by
                 them
                 according
                 to
                 Law
                 formerly
                 banish'd
                 )
                 into
                 the
                 Freedom
                 and
                 Liberties
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 afterwards
                 he
                 sent
                 for
                 such
                 out
                 of
                 Tauromenium
                 and
                 Messina
                 as
                 formerly
                 had
                 oppos'd
                 his
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Six
                 hundred
                 ;
                 for
                 intending
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 rid
                 himself
                 of
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 lookt
                 like
                 an
                 Enemy
                 in
                 Sicily
                 :
                 The
                 Messenians
                 therefore
                 seeing
                 their
                 chief
                 Citizens
                 cut
                 off
                 that
                 oppos'd
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 themselves
                 had
                 driven
                 those
                 strangers
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 that
                 wish'd
                 them
                 so
                 well
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 would
                 have
                 been
                 their
                 main
                 strength
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 been
                 forc't
                 to
                 receive
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 formerly
                 condemn'd
                 for
                 their
                 notorious
                 Crimes
                 ,
                 much
                 repented
                 themselves
                 of
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 done
                 ;
                 but
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 Conqueror
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 stoop
                 .
              
               
                 Thence
                 he
                 mov'd
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 towards
                 Agrigentum
                 ,
                 with
                 design
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 prey
                 
                 also
                 of
                 this
                 City
                 :
                 But
                 because
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 were
                 there
                 lately
                 arriv'd
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Sixty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 he
                 desisted
                 and
                 left
                 off
                 that
                 project
                 ,
                 but
                 wasted
                 and
                 harrass'd
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Forts
                 and
                 Castles
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 others
                 by
                 surrender
                 .
              
               
                 Among
                 these
                 Turmoiles
                 Dinocrates
                 ,
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusian
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 sent
                 to
                 desire
                 Aid
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 before
                 Agathocles
                 had
                 brought
                 all
                 Sicily
                 under
                 his
                 own
                 Power
                 and
                 Soveraign
                 Command
                 ;
                 he
                 himself
                 receiv'd
                 all
                 those
                 Exiles
                 which
                 the
                 Messenians
                 had
                 
                 banish'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 now
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 sent
                 Nymphodorus
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Trusty
                 Friends
                 with
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Centorippians
                 :
                 For
                 this
                 place
                 being
                 a
                 Garrison
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 had
                 undertaken
                 to
                 betray
                 it
                 ,
                 upon
                 condition
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 suffer'd
                 to
                 govern
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 .
                 Upon
                 this
                 incouragement
                 therefore
                 breaking
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 ,
                 the
                 chief
                 Commanders
                 of
                 the
                 Garrison
                 presently
                 took
                 the
                 Alarum
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 both
                 Nymphodorus
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 that
                 had
                 enter'd
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 .
                 Agathocles
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 this
                 as
                 an
                 occasion
                 and
                 ground
                 to
                 accuse
                 the
                 Centorippians
                 of
                 Contrivances
                 against
                 his
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 the
                 Throats
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 he
                 look'd
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Ringleaders
                 of
                 the
                 Defection
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 he
                 was
                 thus
                 imploy'd
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 enter'd
                 the
                 Port
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Fifty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 that
                 they
                 did
                 there
                 was
                 the
                 sinking
                 of
                 two
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 (
                 one
                 of
                 which
                 belonged
                 to
                 the
                 Athenians
                 )
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 on
                 board
                 :
                 Which
                 was
                 lookt
                 upon
                 as
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 extream
                 Cruelty
                 towards
                 those
                 that
                 never
                 offer'd
                 them
                 the
                 least
                 Injury
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 God
                 made
                 presently
                 to
                 appear
                 ;
                 For
                 soon
                 after
                 some
                 Ships
                 that
                 were
                 forc'd
                 from
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 about
                 Brutta
                 ,
                 fell
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 where
                 those
                 Carthaginians
                 that
                 were
                 taken
                 were
                 serv'd
                 the
                 same
                 sawce
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 by
                 them
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Dinocrates
                 Commander
                 of
                 the
                 Exiles
                 having
                 with
                 him
                 above
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 *
                 Galaria
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 is
                 call'd
                 )
                 invited
                 thither
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 cast
                 out
                 those
                 that
                 sided
                 with
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 Encamp'd
                 before
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
               
                 Agathecles
                 presently
                 sent
                 against
                 him
                 Pasiphilus
                 and
                 Demophilus
                 with
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 fought
                 with
                 the
                 Refugees
                 ;
                 whose
                 Captains
                 were
                 Dinocrates
                 and
                 Philonides
                 ,
                 who
                 commanded
                 separately
                 in
                 the
                 two
                 Wings
                 .
                 The
                 Battel
                 was
                 doubtful
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 together
                 ,
                 while
                 both
                 Armies
                 obstinately
                 stood
                 to
                 it
                 Tooth
                 and
                 Nail
                 :
                 But
                 Philonides
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Captains
                 ,
                 being
                 slain
                 ,
                 that
                 Wing
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 Dinocrates
                 was
                 thereupon
                 forc'd
                 likewise
                 to
                 give
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 Pasiphilus
                 kill'd
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Pursuit
                 ,
                 and
                 recover'd
                 Galaria
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 the
                 Authors
                 of
                 the
                 Defection
                 .
              
               
                 Agathocles
                 receiving
                 Intelligence
                 of
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 then
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 Hill
                 in
                 Geloa
                 ,
                 call'd
                 *
                 E●●●mes
                 .
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 further
                 Delay
                 he
                 made
                 up
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 near
                 ,
                 offer'd
                 them
                 Battel
                 ,
                 being
                 puff'd
                 up
                 with
                 the
                 Success
                 of
                 his
                 late
                 Victory
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 durst
                 not
                 engage
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 (
                 supposing
                 he
                 was
                 absolute
                 Master
                 of
                 the
                 Field
                 without
                 sighting
                 )
                 he
                 return'd
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 adorn'd
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Temples
                 there
                 with
                 the
                 Spoils
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 Actions
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 as
                 far
                 forth
                 as
                 is
                 needful
                 for
                 us
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 Account
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 VII
                 .
              
               
                 
                   
                     Cassander
                     ,
                     Ptolemy
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Lysimachus
                   ,
                   make
                   Peace
                   with
                   
                     Antigonus
                     .
                     Cassander
                  
                   murders
                   Rhoxana
                   and
                   her
                   Son.
                   The
                   Governors
                   take
                   the
                   Stile
                   of
                   Kings
                   upon
                   them
                   .
                   The
                   Carthaginians
                   raise
                   Forces
                   against
                   Agathocles
                   .
                   Four
                   thousand
                   Geloans
                   murder'd
                   by
                   Agathocles
                   .
                   The
                   Battel
                   between
                   Agathocles
                   and
                   Amilcar
                   the
                   Carthaginian
                   at
                   
                     Himera
                     .
                     Agathocles
                  
                   routed
                   .
                   Several
                   Cities
                   revolt
                   from
                   Agathocles
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHen
                 Simonides
                 was
                 Lord-Chancellor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Romans
                 had
                 created
                 Marcus
                 
                 Valerius
                 and
                 
                   Publius
                   Decius
                
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 
                   Cassander
                   ,
                   Ptolemy
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Lysimachus
                 ,
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 the
                 Form
                 of
                 which
                 was
                 put
                 into
                 Writing
                 ,
                 and
                 contain'd
                 the
                 Terms
                 following
                 :
                 That
                 Cassander
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Lord
                 of
                 all
                 in
                 Europe
                 ,
                 till
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Rhoxana
                 came
                 of
                 full
                 Age
                 :
                 That
                 Lysimachus
                 should
                 have
                 the
                 chief
                 Command
                 in
                 
                   Thrace
                   :
                   Ptolemy
                
                 should
                 enjoy
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 in
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 bordering
                 Cities
                 in
                 Arabia
                 and
                 Africa
                 :
                 That
                 Antigonus
                 should
                 be
                 Lord
                 of
                 all
                 Asia
                 ;
                 And
                 the
                 Greeks
                 should
                 Govern
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 .
                 But
                 these
                 Conditions
                 they
                 observ'd
                 not
                 long
                 ;
                 but
                 every
                 one
                 took
                 one
                 Occasion
                 or
                 other
                 to
                 incroach
                 upon
                 more
                 than
                 his
                 Part
                 came
                 to
                 .
              
               
                 Cassander
                 seeing
                 that
                 Alexander
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Rhoxana
                 now
                 grew
                 up
                 towards
                 Man's
                 Estate
                 ,
                 and
                 hearing
                 how
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 Discourse
                 of
                 some
                 throughout
                 all
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 now
                 
                 fit
                 the
                 young
                 Man
                 should
                 be
                 freed
                 from
                 his
                 Prison
                 ,
                 and
                 assume
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 his
                 Father's
                 Kingdom
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 hands
                 ;
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 being
                 supplanted
                 ,
                 commanded
                 Glaucias
                 the
                 Keeper
                 to
                 murder
                 both
                 Rhoxana
                 and
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 hide
                 their
                 Bodies
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 all
                 means
                 possible
                 conceal
                 their
                 Deaths
                 .
                 This
                 he
                 effectually
                 executed
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 
                   Cassander
                   ,
                   Lysimachus
                   ,
                   Ptolemy
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Antigonus
                 himself
                 ,
                 were
                 freed
                 from
                 all
                 Grounds
                 of
                 Fear
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 King.
                 For
                 now
                 all
                 the
                 Seed
                 Royal
                 being
                 extinct
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 Successor
                 remaining
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Captains
                 that
                 had
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 Provinces
                 or
                 Cities
                 ,
                 took
                 upon
                 themselves
                 the
                 Titles
                 and
                 
                 Stiles
                 of
                 Kings
                 ;
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 claim'd
                 the
                 Province
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 Governor
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Conquer'd
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 in
                 
                   Asia
                   ,
                   Europe
                   ,
                   Greece
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Macedonia
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Italy
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 march'd
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Body
                 of
                 Horse
                 and
                 Foot
                 against
                 Pollitium
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Marucci
                 ;
                 where
                 they
                 remov'd
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 them
                 a
                 new
                 Colony
                 ,
                 giving
                 them
                 Interamna
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 's
                 call'd
                 )
                 to
                 inhabit
                 .
                 
              
               
                 In
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 increas'd
                 every
                 day
                 ,
                 his
                 Forces
                 growing
                 stronger
                 and
                 stronger
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 being
                 inform'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 gain'd
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Towns
                 and
                 Cities
                 through
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 their
                 Captains
                 and
                 Commanders
                 there
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 deal
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 they
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 pursue
                 the
                 War
                 with
                 more
                 Vigour
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 they
                 forthwith
                 provided
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 thirty
                 Sail
                 of
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Amilcar
                 (
                 a
                 Person
                 of
                 eminent
                 Quality
                 )
                 General
                 .
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 him
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Soldiers
                 rais'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 ,
                 many
                 were
                 Men
                 of
                 Note
                 :
                 Out
                 of
                 Afric●
                 ,
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 ;
                 from
                 Tyrrhenia
                 ,
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Mercenaries
                 and
                 Two
                 
                 hundred
                 Charioteers
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Slingers
                 from
                 the
                 Baleary
                 Islands
                 .
                 They
                 provided
                 likewise
                 a
                 great
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 store
                 of
                 Corn
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Things
                 necessary
                 for
                 carrying
                 on
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 had
                 occasion
                 to
                 use
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 when
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 had
                 hois'd
                 up
                 Sail
                 and
                 were
                 come
                 into
                 the
                 open
                 Sea
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 a
                 violent
                 Storm
                 arose
                 ,
                 which
                 sunk
                 Sixty
                 of
                 the
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 broke
                 in
                 pieces
                 Two
                 hundred
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 loaden
                 with
                 Corn
                 and
                 Provision
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 after
                 much
                 Hardship
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 with
                 much
                 ado
                 got
                 into
                 Sicily
                 .
                 Many
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 eminent
                 Men
                 of
                 Carthage
                 were
                 lost
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 which
                 occasion'd
                 a
                 publick
                 Lamentation
                 in
                 that
                 City
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 any
                 Misfortune
                 happens
                 to
                 that
                 Place
                 greater
                 than
                 ordinary
                 ,
                 their
                 Custom
                 is
                 to
                 cover
                 the
                 Walls
                 
                 with
                 black
                 Cassocks
                 or
                 Cloaks
                 .
              
               
                 Amilcar
                 the
                 General
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 was
                 landed
                 ,
                 muster'd
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 sav'd
                 from
                 the
                 Storm
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 supply
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 lost
                 ,
                 listed
                 Foreign
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 rais'd
                 others
                 from
                 among
                 the
                 Confederates
                 throughout
                 all
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 join'd
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Forces
                 that
                 were
                 there
                 before
                 ;
                 and
                 carefully
                 providing
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 was
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 he
                 kept
                 the
                 Army
                 in
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 having
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 about
                 Forty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 near
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 recruited
                 himself
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 being
                 accounted
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 Reputation
                 for
                 Honesty
                 and
                 Integrity
                 ,
                 )
                 he
                 both
                 reviv'd
                 the
                 Courage
                 of
                 the
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 no
                 small
                 measure
                 struck
                 a
                 Terror
                 into
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
              
               
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 Agathocles
                 perceiving
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 far
                 overpower'd
                 by
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 in
                 Number
                 of
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 concluded
                 ,
                 that
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Forts
                 and
                 Castles
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 Cities
                 and
                 Towns
                 that
                 bore
                 him
                 a
                 Grudge
                 ,
                 would
                 revolt
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 especially
                 
                 he
                 fear'd
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Geloans
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 heard
                 all
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Forces
                 were
                 encamp'd
                 in
                 their
                 Territories
                 :
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 no
                 small
                 Detriment
                 befel
                 him
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 in
                 his
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 for
                 about
                 Twenty
                 Sail
                 then
                 at
                 Sea
                 together
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Men
                 ,
                 all
                 fell
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 he
                 conceiv'd
                 it
                 fit
                 to
                 put
                 a
                 Garison
                 into
                 the
                 Place
                 for
                 its
                 Security
                 ,
                 but
                 durst
                 not
                 bring
                 any
                 Forces
                 openly
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 lest
                 the
                 Geloans
                 should
                 prevent
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 not
                 then
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 before
                 any
                 Occasion
                 offered
                 them
                 to
                 rebel
                 :
                 And
                 so
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 he
                 might
                 come
                 to
                 *
                 lose
                 a
                 Town
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 very
                 useful
                 and
                 serviceable
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 Therefore
                 (
                 to
                 prevent
                 Suspicion
                 )
                 he
                 sent
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 Soldiers
                 by
                 degrees
                 ,
                 a
                 few
                 at
                 a
                 time
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 come
                 there
                 for
                 other
                 Purposes
                 ,
                 )
                 till
                 he
                 had
                 got
                 so
                 many
                 into
                 the
                 Town
                 as
                 far
                 exceeded
                 the
                 Citizens
                 in
                 Number
                 .
                 And
                 then
                 a
                 while
                 after
                 he
                 came
                 thither
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 charg'd
                 the
                 Geloans
                 with
                 a
                 traiterous
                 design
                 to
                 revolt
                 :
                 However
                 ,
                 whether
                 this
                 were
                 true
                 or
                 not
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 falsly
                 accus'd
                 by
                 the
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 or
                 that
                 his
                 Design
                 was
                 to
                 scrape
                 and
                 get
                 together
                 what
                 Money
                 he
                 could
                 ;
                 he
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 above
                 Four
                 
                 thousand
                 of
                 the
                 Geloans
                 ,
                 and
                 confiscated
                 all
                 their
                 Estates
                 ;
                 and
                 threaten'd
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 with
                 Death
                 that
                 did
                 not
                 bring
                 forth
                 all
                 their
                 Money
                 ,
                 whether
                 Silver
                 or
                 Gold
                 ,
                 coin'd
                 or
                 uncoin'd
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 all
                 (
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 this
                 thundring
                 Edict
                 )
                 forthwith
                 obey'd
                 his
                 Command
                 ;
                 whereby
                 he
                 heap'd
                 together
                 a
                 vast
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 and
                 became
                 a
                 Terror
                 to
                 all
                 his
                 Subjects
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 judg'd
                 to
                 deal
                 too
                 severely
                 and
                 cruelly
                 with
                 the
                 Geloans
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 order'd
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 decently
                 buri'd
                 without
                 the
                 Walls
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 leaving
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Garison
                 ,
                 encamp'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 over-against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 possess'd
                 the
                 Hill
                 Ecnomen
                 ,
                 where
                 formerly
                 stood
                 the
                 Castle
                 of
                 Phaleris
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 reported
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 say
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 had
                 the
                 Brazen
                 Bull
                 contriv'd
                 to
                 torment
                 Offenders
                 ,
                 by
                 putting
                 Fire
                 under
                 it
                 ,
                 thereby
                 causing
                 it
                 to
                 grow
                 scorching
                 hot
                 by
                 degrees
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 this
                 horrid
                 Cruelty
                 executed
                 upon
                 poor
                 miserable
                 Creatures
                 ,
                 the
                 Hill
                 was
                 call'd
                 *
                 
                   Ecnomen
                   .
                   Agathocles
                
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 another
                 Castle
                 of
                 Phaleris
                 over-against
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 call'd
                 Phalerius
                 :
                 Between
                 both
                 Armies
                 lay
                 a
                 River
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 as
                 a
                 Defence
                 and
                 Bulwark
                 to
                 both
                 sides
                 .
                 There
                 was
                 an
                 ancient
                 Prophecy
                 ,
                 That
                 a
                 great
                 Battel
                 should
                 be
                 fought
                 ,
                 and
                 Multitudes
                 of
                 Men
                 destroy'd
                 about
                 this
                 Place
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 that
                 it
                 
                 was
                 uncertain
                 on
                 which
                 side
                 the
                 Slaughter
                 should
                 mainly
                 fall
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 superstitious
                 Awe
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 the
                 Armies
                 were
                 more
                 backward
                 and
                 slow
                 to
                 ingage
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 neither
                 Party
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 durst
                 pass
                 the
                 River
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Forces
                 ,
                 till
                 a
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 Occasion
                 forc'd
                 them
                 to
                 fight
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Africans
                 making
                 a
                 sudden
                 Incursion
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 Agathocles
                 to
                 do
                 the
                 same
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 Greeks
                 were
                 driving
                 away
                 their
                 Cattel
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 Carriage
                 .
                 Horses
                 and
                 other
                 Beasts
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 some
                 sally'd
                 out
                 from
                 among
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 to
                 pursue
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 Agathocles
                 foreseeing
                 what
                 
                 the
                 Enemy
                 would
                 do
                 ,
                 had
                 before
                 laid
                 an
                 Ambuscado
                 of
                 stout
                 and
                 resolute
                 Men
                 near
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 had
                 pass'd
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 in
                 pursuit
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 driving
                 away
                 the
                 Cattel
                 ,
                 rose
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Ambush
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 upon
                 them
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 then
                 in
                 Disorder
                 ,
                 and
                 easily
                 routed
                 them
                 and
                 put
                 them
                 to
                 flight
                 .
                 While
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 were
                 thus
                 hew'd
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 flying
                 to
                 their
                 Camp
                 ,
                 Agathocles
                 looking
                 upon
                 it
                 now
                 
                 as
                 a
                 sit
                 time
                 to
                 ingage
                 ,
                 led
                 forth
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 and
                 falling
                 upon
                 them
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 presently
                 fill'd
                 up
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Trench
                 and
                 cut
                 through
                 their
                 Breast-work
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 forc'd
                 their
                 Camp.
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 amaz'd
                 with
                 this
                 sudden
                 Attack
                 ,
                 having
                 no
                 time
                 to
                 put
                 themselves
                 in
                 order
                 of
                 Battel
                 ,
                 fell
                 in
                 as
                 Fortune
                 led
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 ingag'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 in
                 the
                 best
                 manner
                 they
                 could
                 :
                 And
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 hotest
                 Work
                 was
                 near
                 the
                 
                 Trench
                 ,
                 the
                 Ground
                 all
                 thereabout
                 was
                 strew'd
                 with
                 dead
                 Carkasses
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 chiefest
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 that
                 Place
                 where
                 they
                 saw
                 the
                 Camp
                 enter'd
                 .
                 
              
               
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 the
                 Agathocleans
                 incourag'd
                 by
                 the
                 happy
                 Success
                 of
                 their
                 Attempt
                 ,
                 and
                 supposing
                 they
                 should
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 by
                 this
                 one
                 Battel
                 ,
                 press'd
                 resolutely
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   Barbarians
                   :
                   Amilcar
                
                 therefore
                 perceiving
                 that
                 his
                 Men
                 were
                 too
                 weak
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Grecians
                 were
                 continually
                 pouring
                 in
                 more
                 Men
                 into
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 brings
                 up
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Slingers
                 of
                 the
                 Baliary
                 Islands
                 ,
                 who
                 wounded
                 many
                 by
                 multitude
                 of
                 great
                 Stones
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Slings
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 many
                 that
                 were
                 forcing
                 into
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 broke
                 in
                 pieces
                 the
                 Shields
                 and
                 Armour
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Assailants
                 .
                 For
                 these
                 Men
                 being
                 us'd
                 to
                 cast
                 Stones
                 of
                 *
                 Three
                 Pound
                 Weight
                 ,
                 were
                 always
                 very
                 serviceable
                 ,
                 and
                 contributed
                 much
                 in
                 several
                 Battels
                 to
                 the
                 gaining
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 diligently
                 taught
                 and
                 well
                 exercis'd
                 in
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 Slinging
                 from
                 their
                 very
                 Childhood
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 they
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Point
                 ,
                 driving
                 the
                 Grecians
                 back
                 again
                 beyond
                 the
                 Out-works
                 of
                 the
                 Camp.
                 But
                 Agathocles
                 broke
                 into
                 it
                 in
                 other
                 places
                 ;
                 and
                 just
                 as
                 the
                 Camp
                 was
                 forc'd
                 ,
                 unexpectedly
                 arriv'd
                 Succours
                 from
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 which
                 again
                 reviv'd
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 in
                 the
                 Camp
                 fought
                 the
                 Enemy
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 new
                 Supplies
                 hem'd
                 the
                 Greeks
                 in
                 the
                 Rear
                 ,
                 and
                 hew'd
                 them
                 down
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 the
                 Fortune
                 of
                 the
                 Day
                 
                 turn'd
                 suddenly
                 and
                 unexpectedly
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Grecians
                 fled
                 outright
                 ,
                 some
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Himera
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Camp
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 *
                 Forty
                 Furlongs
                 distant
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 a
                 Plain
                 and
                 Champain
                 Country
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 pursu'd
                 with
                 no
                 fewer
                 than
                 Five
                 thousand
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarian
                 Horse
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Plain
                 all
                 along
                 was
                 cover'd
                 with
                 dead
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 the
                 River
                 contributing
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 Destruction
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 pursuit
                 being
                 about
                 Noon
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Dog-Days
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 fled
                 were
                 so
                 parch'd
                 with
                 Thirst
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Weather
                 and
                 the
                 Fatigue
                 of
                 their
                 Flight
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 greedily
                 swill'd
                 themselves
                 with
                 salt
                 Water
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 that
                 as
                 many
                 (
                 that
                 had
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 Hurt
                 )
                 were
                 found
                 dead
                 near
                 the
                 River
                 as
                 were
                 kill'd
                 by
                 the
                 Sword
                 in
                 the
                 Pursuit
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 kill'd
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 in
                 this
                 Battel
                 about
                 Five
                 hundred
                 ,
                 but
                 no
                 fewer
                 than
                 Seven
                 thousand
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 .
              
               
                 Agathocles
                 being
                 thus
                 grievously
                 defeated
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 escap'd
                 ,
                 burnt
                 his
                 Camp
                 and
                 went
                 to
                 Gela.
                 But
                 he
                 had
                 caus'd
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 rumour'd
                 abroad
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 gone
                 strait
                 away
                 for
                 Syracuse
                 .
                 It
                 happen'd
                 that
                 Three
                 hundred
                 African
                 Horse
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 fell
                 in
                 among
                 some
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 who
                 told
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 Agathocles
                 was
                 gone
                 back
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 the
                 Horsemen
                 enter'd
                 Gela
                 as
                 Friends
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 thus
                 deluded
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 all
                 shot
                 to
                 Death
                 by
                 Darts
                 :
                 Yet
                 Agathocles
                 shut
                 not
                 himself
                 up
                 in
                 Gela
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 get
                 safe
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 divert
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 from
                 Syracuse
                 to
                 the
                 Besieging
                 of
                 Gela
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 might
                 have
                 leisure
                 enough
                 to
                 get
                 in
                 their
                 Harvest
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 protracted
                 the
                 time
                 at
                 
                   Gela.
                   Amilcar
                
                 indeed
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 intended
                 to
                 have
                 besieg'd
                 Gela
                 ;
                 but
                 hearing
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 there
                 a
                 strong
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 to
                 oppose
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Agathocles
                 was
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 plenty
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 ,
                 he
                 laid
                 aside
                 that
                 design
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 his
                 approaches
                 to
                 the
                 Forts
                 and
                 Castles
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 them
                 all
                 surrender'd
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 good
                 Opinion
                 of
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 
                 he
                 carry'd
                 himself
                 Courteously
                 and
                 Obligingly
                 towards
                 all
                 .
                 The
                 
                   Camareans
                   ,
                   Leontines
                   ,
                   Cataneans
                
                 and
                 Tauromeneans
                 ,
                 sent
                 continually
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 their
                 Applications
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 And
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 Messenian
                 .
                 and
                 Abacenians
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 Cities
                 who
                 before
                 were
                 at
                 variance
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ,
                 all
                 went
                 over
                 to
                 Amilcar
                 ;
                 such
                 was
                 the
                 Zeal
                 of
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 after
                 the
                 late
                 Defeat
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 Hatred
                 they
                 bore
                 against
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Agathocles
                 led
                 away
                 all
                 the
                 Forces
                 that
                 were
                 yet
                 left
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 repair'd
                 the
                 ruinous
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 Corn
                 and
                 Fruits
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Fields
                 ;
                 and
                 now
                 contriv'd
                 to
                 leave
                 a
                 strong
                 Garison
                 for
                 the
                 Defence
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 transport
                 the
                 Power
                 and
                 Strength
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 into
                 Africa
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 intent
                 to
                 draw
                 the
                 War
                 out
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Island
                 into
                 the
                 Continent
                 .
                 We
                 shall
                 therefore
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 at
                 first
                 design'd
                 ,
                 begin
                 the
                 following
                 Book
                 with
                 the
                 passing
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 into
                 Africa
                 .
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               BOOK
               XX.
               
            
             
               
                 THose
                 who
                 stuff
                 their
                 Histories
                 with
                 long
                 and
                 tedious
                 Harangues
                 ,
                 or
                 are
                 ever
              
               
               
                 and
                 anon
                 setting
                 forth
                 their
                 Matter
                 with
                 Rhetorical
                 Orations
                 ;
                 are
                 ,
                 not
                 without
                 just
                 Cause
                 to
                 be
                 blam'd
                 .
                 For
                 besides
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 interrupts
                 and
                 cuts
                 off
                 the
                 natural
                 Course
                 of
                 the
                 History
                 ,
                 by
                 an
                 unseasonable
                 Introduction
                 of
                 set
                 and
                 contriv'd
                 Speeches
                 ,
                 it
                 likewise
                 gives
                 an
                 unpleasant
                 Check
                 to
                 the
                 earnest
                 Expectation
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 eager
                 to
                 know
                 the
                 Issue
                 of
                 the
                 Matters
                 of
                 Fact.
                 Yet
                 it
                 's
                 no
                 ways
                 to
                 be
                 disapprov'd
                 for
                 such
                 as
                 desire
                 to
                 be
                 cry'd
                 up
                 for
                 Eloquent
                 Orators
                 ,
                 to
                 compose
                 publick
                 Orations
                 and
                 Speeches
                 made
                 by
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 and
                 Panegyricks
                 of
                 Praise
                 and
                 Dispraise
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 that
                 manage
                 both
                 Parts
                 well
                 and
                 distinctly
                 in
                 a
                 modest
                 Stile
                 ,
                 are
                 justly
                 to
                 be
                 prais'd
                 and
                 commended
                 in
                 both
                 kinds
                 of
                 the
                 Discourse
                 .
                 But
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 who
                 so
                 over-abound
                 in
                 Rhetorical
                 Flourishes
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 make
                 their
                 whole
                 History
                 but
                 as
                 an
                 Appendix
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 )
                 .
                 For
                 such
                 tedious
                 manner
                 of
                 Writing
                 ,
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 troublesome
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 this
                 respect
                 likewise
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 condemn'd
                 ,
                 That
                 although
                 the
                 Writer
                 seem
                 in
                 other
                 things
                 to
                 have
                 hit
                 the
                 Mark
                 ,
                 yet
                 by
                 this
                 kind
                 of
                 Writing
                 he
                 seems
                 to
                 straggle
                 and
                 wander
                 from
                 the
                 due
                 Course
                 both
                 of
                 Time
                 and
                 Place
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 they
                 who
                 read
                 such
                 sort
                 of
                 Writings
                 ,
                 partly
                 pass
                 over
                 such
                 artificial
                 and
                 fram'd
                 Discourses
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 are
                 never
                 so
                 pat
                 and
                 fit
                 to
                 the
                 Purpose
                 ;
                 and
                 partly
                 tir'd
                 out
                 with
                 the
                 tedious
                 and
                 unseasonable
                 artificial
                 Digression
                 of
                 the
                 Author
                 ,
                 leave
                 off
                 reading
                 altogether
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Nature
                 of
                 History
                 is
                 simple
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 every
                 part
                 agreeable
                 to
                 it self
                 ,
                 like
                 to
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 a
                 living
                 Creature
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Cutting
                 off
                 of
                 one
                 Member
                 is
                 the
                 Deformity
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 duly
                 and
                 orderly
                 Compos'd
                 ,
                 keeps
                 within
                 its
                 proper
                 Bounds
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Coherence
                 of
                 the
                 Whole
                 ,
                 affords
                 a
                 clear
                 and
                 pleasant
                 View
                 and
                 Understanding
                 of
                 the
                 Matter
                 in
                 the
                 Reading
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 However
                 ,
                 we
                 do
                 not
                 altogether
                 abandon
                 Rhetorick
                 and
                 Oratorical
                 Flourishes
                 out
                 of
                 History
                 :
                 For
                 because
                 it
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 Variety
                 ,
                 it
                 s
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 in
                 some
                 Places
                 to
                 insert
                 these
                 Speeches
                 and
                 Orations
                 .
                 And
                 I
                 my self
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 depriv'd
                 of
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 upon
                 such
                 Occasions
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 when
                 the
                 Circumstances
                 of
                 the
                 Matter
                 related
                 are
                 such
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 Speech
                 of
                 an
                 Ambassador
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Harangue
                 of
                 a
                 popular
                 Senator
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 fall
                 in
                 naturally
                 and
                 easily
                 ,
                 he
                 that
                 does
                 not
                 then
                 put
                 himself
                 forth
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 in
                 this
                 kind
                 ,
                 deserves
                 justly
                 to
                 be
                 Censur'd
                 and
                 Condemn'd
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 A
                 Man
                 may
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 give
                 many
                 Reasons
                 why
                 Rhetorical
                 Adornments
                 are
                 often
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 .
                 For
                 amongst
                 quaint
                 and
                 eloquent
                 Discourses
                 ,
                 such
                 asare
                 worthy
                 remark
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 Profit
                 and
                 Advantage
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 History
                 ,
                 are
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 negligently
                 to
                 be
                 pass'd
                 over
                 :
                 Or
                 when
                 the
                 Subject
                 treated
                 of
                 is
                 high
                 and
                 lofty
                 ,
                 of
                 things
                 Famous
                 and
                 Remarkable
                 ,
                 then
                 it
                 's
                 very
                 unbecoming
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 to
                 be
                 endur'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 Expression
                 should
                 sink
                 meanly
                 below
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Acts
                 related
                 .
                 It
                 may
                 be
                 likewise
                 necessary
                 when
                 some
                 extraordinary
                 Event
                 happens
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 we
                 are
                 forc'd
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 words
                 adapted
                 to
                 the
                 Occasion
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 clear
                 up
                 and
                 make
                 plain
                 the
                 dark
                 and
                 intricate
                 Grounds
                 and
                 Reasons
                 of
                 such
                 an
                 Accident
                 .
                 But
                 what
                 we
                 have
                 said
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 shall
                 suffice
                 ,
                 and
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 proceed
                 to
                 the
                 Relation
                 of
                 those
                 Affairs
                 we
                 before
                 design'd
                 ,
                 first
                 observing
                 the
                 Time
                 ,
                 where
                 we
                 are
                 now
                 fallen
                 in
                 the
                 Course
                 of
                 our
                 History
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 former
                 Books
                 we
                 have
                 treated
                 of
                 the
                 Affairs
                 both
                 of
                 the
              
               Greeks
               and
               Barbarians
               
                 from
                 the
                 most
                 ancient
                 Times
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 Tear
                 next
                 preceding
                 the
                 Expedition
                 of
              
               Agathocles
               into
               Africa
               :
               
                 From
                 the
                 Sacking
                 of
              
               Troy
               
                 to
                 which
                 time
                 ,
                 are
              
               
               
                 run
                 up
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 fourscore
                 and
                 three
                 Years
                 ,
                 and
                 something
                 more
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Book
                 we
                 shall
                 go
                 on
                 with
                 things
                 next
                 in
                 Course
                 ,
                 and
                 coherent
                 with
                 the
                 former
                 Relation
                 ,
                 and
                 begin
                 with
                 the
                 Descent
                 of
              
               Agathocles
               into
               Africa
               ,
               
                 and
                 end
                 with
                 that
                 year
                 wherein
                 the
                 Kings
                 agreed
                 to
                 join
                 together
                 in
                 a
                 Common
                 War
                 against
              
               Antigonus
               ,
               
                 the
                 Son
                 of
              
               Philip
               ,
               
                 comprehending
                 the
                 Transactions
                 of
                 Nine
                 years
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Agathocles
                   designs
                   to
                   invade
                   Africa
                   .
                   His
                   Cruelty
                   ;
                   Pursu'd
                   in
                   his
                   Voyage
                   .
                   An
                   Eclipse
                   of
                   the
                   Sun
                   very
                   great
                   .
                   Lands
                   in
                   Africa
                   .
                   Burns
                   his
                   Ships
                   .
                   His
                   successes
                   in
                   
                     Africa
                     .
                     Hanno
                  
                   and
                   Bomilcar
                   made
                   Generals
                   in
                   Africa
                   .
                   Battel
                   between
                   them
                   and
                   Agathocles
                   ,
                   who
                   routs
                   them
                   ,
                   Kills
                   Hanno
                   .
                   His
                   stratagem
                   by
                   Owls
                   .
                   The
                   Cruel
                   Superstition
                   of
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   in
                   sacrificing
                   their
                   Children
                   .
                   The
                   Actions
                   at
                   Syracuse
                   .
                   Actions
                   of
                   Agathocles
                   in
                   Africa
                   .
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Cassander
                   in
                   
                     Macedonia
                     .
                     Polysperchon
                  
                   seeks
                   to
                   restore
                   Hercules
                   Alexander's
                   Son.
                   The
                   miserable
                   Destruction
                   of
                   Nichocles
                   and
                   his
                   Family
                   in
                   Cyprus
                   .
                   The
                   Wars
                   of
                   Parysidas
                   his
                   Sons
                   ,
                   King
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Cimerean
                     Bosphorus
                  
                   .
                   The
                   Valour
                   of
                   Satyrus
                   ,
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Sons
                   ;
                   His
                   Death
                   .
                   The
                   sad
                   Death
                   of
                   Eumelus
                   ,
                   another
                   Son.
                   
                
              
               
                 IN
                 the
                 Chancellorship
                 of
                 Hieromnemones
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Consulship
                 of
                 
                   Caius
                   Julius
                
                 
                 and
                 
                   Quintus
                   Aemilius
                
                 at
                 
                   Rome
                   ;
                   Agathocles
                
                 being
                 routed
                 at
                 Himera
                 in
                 Sicily
                 by
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 lost
                 the
                 greatest
                 and
                 best
                 Part
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 fled
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ;
                 where
                 perceiving
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 for
                 saken
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Consederates
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 had
                 got
                 into
                 their
                 hands
                 almost
                 all
                 Sicily
                 (
                 except
                 Syracuse
                 )
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 far
                 over-power'd
                 him
                 by
                 their
                 Forces
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 ,
                 undertook
                 a
                 very
                 Rash
                 and
                 desperate
                 Adventure
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 all
                 were
                 of
                 Opinion
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 adviseable
                 for
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 to
                 endeavour
                 to
                 contend
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 he
                 even
                 then
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 leave
                 a
                 strong
                 Garison
                 
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 Choicest
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Forces
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Descent
                 into
                 Africa
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 he
                 hop'd
                 by
                 his
                 Old
                 and
                 and
                 experienc'd
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 easily
                 to
                 vanquish
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 who
                 (
                 through
                 a
                 long
                 Peace
                 )
                 were
                 grown
                 Soft
                 and
                 Delicate
                 ,
                 and
                 unexpert
                 in
                 their
                 Arms
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 ,
                 hereby
                 he
                 thought
                 that
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 very
                 uneasie
                 under
                 the
                 Yoke
                 of
                 their
                 Government
                 ,
                 would
                 take
                 an
                 occasion
                 to
                 Revolt
                 .
                 And
                 which
                 most
                 induc'd
                 him
                 was
                 ,
                 That
                 by
                 this
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 Invasion
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 load
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 Spoils
                 of
                 a
                 Country
                 that
                 was
                 never
                 before
                 harrass'd
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 abounded
                 in
                 the
                 Confluence
                 of
                 all
                 forts
                 of
                 Worldly
                 Blessings
                 .
                 And
                 to
                 sum
                 up
                 all
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 by
                 this
                 Course
                 draw
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 but
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 transfer
                 the
                 War
                 entirely
                 over
                 into
                 Africa
                 ,
                 which
                 happen'd
                 accordingly
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 without
                 advising
                 with
                 any
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 he
                 made
                 Antandrus
                 ,
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 leaving
                 with
                 him
                 a
                 considerable
                 Garrison
                 ;
                 he
                 himself
                 Listed
                 what
                 Soldiers
                 he
                 thought
                 fit
                 for
                 his
                 purpose
                 ,
                 ordering
                 the
                 Foot
                 to
                 be
                 ready
                 with
                 Arms
                 at
                 
                 the
                 first
                 Call
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 the
                 Horsemen
                 ,
                 that
                 besides
                 Arms
                 they
                 should
                 every
                 one
                 carry
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 a
                 Saddle
                 and
                 Bridle
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 ever
                 he
                 could
                 get
                 Horses
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 have
                 those
                 ready
                 to
                 mount
                 them
                 who
                 were
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 all
                 things
                 encessary
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 in
                 the
                 late
                 Battle
                 most
                 of
                 his
                 Foot
                 were
                 cut
                 off
                 :
                 but
                 most
                 of
                 his
                 Horse
                 escap'd
                 ;
                 but
                 their
                 Horses
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 transport
                 into
                 Africa
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 to
                 prevent
                 all
                 stirrs
                 and
                 commotions
                 (
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 a
                 defection
                 )
                 in
                 Syracuse
                 in
                 his
                 absence
                 ,
                 he
                 divided
                 Kindred
                 and
                 Relations
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 especially
                 Brothers
                 from
                 Brothers
                 ,
                 and
                 Parents
                 from
                 Children
                 ,
                 taking
                 some
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 and
                 leaving
                 others
                 behind
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 acted
                 in
                 this
                 very
                 wisely
                 ;
                 for
                 certain
                 it
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 who
                 remain'd
                 in
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 although
                 they
                 hated
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 yet
                 would
                 attempt
                 nothing
                 to
                 his
                 prejudice
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 natural
                 Love
                 and
                 Affection
                 to
                 their
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 near
                 Relations
                 and
                 Kindred
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 great
                 want
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 the
                 Estates
                 of
                 Infants
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 their
                 Guardians
                 ;
                 declaring
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 would
                 have
                 a
                 far
                 greater
                 Care
                 of
                 them
                 than
                 they
                 had
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 more
                 faithful
                 in
                 giving
                 them
                 an
                 Account
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 restitution
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 full
                 Age.
                 He
                 borrow'd
                 likewise
                 much
                 from
                 the
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 and
                 converted
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 use
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Treasures
                 of
                 the
                 Temples
                 ;
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 Jewels
                 and
                 Ornaments
                 from
                 the
                 Womens
                 Backs
                 .
              
               
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 discerning
                 that
                 the
                 Richer
                 sort
                 were
                 highly
                 displeas'd
                 and
                 incens'd
                 at
                 this
                 Usage
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 reason
                 hated
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 a
                 General
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 greatly
                 lamented
                 the
                 late
                 Overthrow
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 dreadful
                 Calamities
                 that
                 from
                 thence
                 seem'd
                 to
                 hang
                 over
                 their
                 Heads
                 .
                 He
                 told
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 indeed
                 that
                 was
                 inur'd
                 to
                 Hardships
                 ,
                 could
                 easily
                 endure
                 the
                 Miseries
                 of
                 a
                 Siege
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 greatly
                 pity
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 
                 if
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 block●d
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 to
                 undergo
                 the
                 like
                 .
                 Therefore
                 he
                 order'd
                 those
                 
                 that
                 were
                 not
                 willing
                 to
                 suffer
                 what
                 might
                 be
                 their
                 Fortune
                 and
                 Lot
                 ,
                 to
                 provide
                 for
                 
                 the
                 safety
                 of
                 themselves
                 and
                 their
                 Estates
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 wealthy
                 Citizens
                 (
                 who
                 bore
                 a
                 most
                 implacable
                 hatred
                 against
                 him
                 )
                 forthwith
                 left
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 presently
                 
                 sent
                 out
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Mercenaries
                 after
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 all
                 their
                 Throats
                 ,
                 and
                 consiscated
                 their
                 Estates
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 ,
                 when
                 by
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Act
                 he
                 had
                 both
                 enrich'd
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 purg'd
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 he
                 manumitted
                 all
                 the
                 Slaves
                 and
                 Servants
                 that
                 were
                 fit
                 to
                 bear
                 Arms
                 :
                 And
                 now
                 having
                 all
                 things
                 in
                 readiness
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 Sixty
                 Sail
                 ,
                 he
                 only
                 waited
                 for
                 a
                 fair
                 Wind.
                 His
                 Design
                 being
                 not
                 commonly
                 known
                 ,
                 some
                 reported
                 that
                 he
                 intended
                 an
                 Expedition
                 into
                 Italy
                 ;
                 others
                 that
                 he
                 purposed
                 to
                 waste
                 and
                 destroy
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 Sicily
                 that
                 belong'd
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ;
                 to
                 conclude
                 ,
                 every
                 body
                 gave
                 them
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 ready
                 to
                 Sail
                 )
                 all
                 up
                 for
                 lost
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 condemn'd
                 the
                 folly
                 and
                 madness
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 .
                 The
                 Enemy
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 had
                 a
                 Fleet
                 far
                 exceeding
                 him
                 in
                 number
                 in
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 therefore
                 he
                 was
                 forc'd
                 for
                 some
                 days
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 to
                 lye
                 still
                 with
                 his
                 Men
                 on
                 Board
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 an
                 opportunity
                 to
                 set
                 Sail.
                 Afterwards
                 some
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 loaden
                 with
                 Corn
                 ,
                 making
                 with
                 full
                 Sail
                 toward
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 
                 Fleet
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 Agathocles
                 (
                 almost
                 before
                 in
                 despair
                 to
                 accomplish
                 his
                 Design
                 ,
                 )
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 saw
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Harbor
                 open
                 ,
                 causing
                 the
                 Rowers
                 to
                 ply
                 their
                 Oars
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 quickness
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 he
                 broke
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Harbour
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 being
                 now
                 come
                 up
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 seeing
                 a
                 Fleet
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 Ships
                 sailing
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Harbor
                 ,
                 thought
                 at
                 first
                 that
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 secure
                 and
                 defend
                 the
                 Corn
                 Ships
                 ;
                 Whereupon
                 they
                 tack'd
                 about
                 ,
                 and
                 prepar'd
                 to
                 Fight
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 that
                 they
                 made
                 their
                 Course
                 straight
                 forward
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 far
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Sail
                 they
                 could
                 ;
                 and
                 while
                 these
                 were
                 striving
                 to
                 Out-sail
                 each
                 other
                 ,
                 the
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 unexpectedly
                 escap'd
                 the
                 danger
                 ,
                 and
                 plentifully
                 supply'd
                 the
                 City
                 that
                 was
                 before
                 in
                 great
                 streights
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Corn
                 and
                 Provision
                 .
                 Agathocles
                 also
                 ,
                 tho'
                 closely
                 pursu'd
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 coming
                 on
                 (
                 beyond
                 all
                 hope
                 )
                 got
                 safe
                 off
                 *
                 from
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 there
                 was
                 such
                 an
                 Eclipse
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Stars
                 appear'd
                 every
                 where
                 in
                 the
                 Firmament
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Day
                 was
                 turn'd
                 into
                 Night
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 Agathocles
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 (
                 conceiving
                 that
                 God
                 thereby
                 did
                 foretel
                 their
                 Destruction
                 ,
                 )
                 fell
                 into
                 great
                 Perplexities
                 and
                 Discontents
                 concerning
                 what
                 was
                 like
                 to
                 befal
                 them
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 sail'd
                 Six
                 Days
                 and
                 Six
                 Nights
                 ,
                 early
                 in
                 the
                 Morning
                 they
                 suddenly
                 spy'd
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Fleet
                 making
                 up
                 close
                 upon
                 them
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 all
                 set
                 themselves
                 to
                 it
                 with
                 might
                 and
                 main
                 to
                 ply
                 their
                 Oars
                 :
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 concluding
                 ,
                 that
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Ships
                 they
                 should
                 not
                 only
                 take
                 all
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 prisoners
                 ,
                 but
                 should
                 deliver
                 their
                 Country
                 from
                 present
                 imminent
                 danger
                 :
                 The
                 Grecians
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 saw
                 apparent
                 destruction
                 to
                 themselves
                 before
                 their
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 intolerable
                 Bondage
                 and
                 Slavery
                 to
                 all
                 their
                 Kindred
                 and
                 Relations
                 they
                 had
                 left
                 at
                 home
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 recover
                 the
                 Shore
                 before
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 Africa
                 was
                 in
                 view
                 when
                 all
                 the
                 Sailers
                 and
                 Rowers
                 call'd
                 out
                 earnestly
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 to
                 bestir
                 themselves
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 strife
                 and
                 pains
                 to
                 get
                 to
                 Land
                 was
                 incredible
                 .
                 The
                 Barbarians
                 indeed
                 were
                 more
                 swift
                 Sailors
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 more
                 accustom'd
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 than
                 the
                 others
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Ships
                 kept
                 still
                 a
                 considerable
                 distance
                 before
                 them
                 :
                 Making
                 therefore
                 away
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Expedition
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 near
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 they
                 leap'd
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 in
                 throngs
                 upon
                 the
                 Strand
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 contending
                 for
                 the
                 Mastery
                 at
                 the
                 Gymnastick
                 Games
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 first
                 Squadron
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 Ships
                 were
                 come
                 up
                 within
                 a
                 Darts
                 cast
                 of
                 those
                 in
                 the
                 Rear
                 of
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Fleet.
                 After
                 therefore
                 some
                 Contest
                 for
                 a
                 while
                 with
                 their
                 Bows
                 and
                 Slings
                 (
                 a
                 few
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 Ships
                 only
                 being
                 come
                 up
                 )
                 Agathocles
                 (
                 overpow'ring
                 the
                 other
                 by
                 number
                 )
                 gain'd
                 the
                 advantage
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 tackt
                 about
                 and
                 stood
                 off
                 a
                 little
                 above
                 the
                 Cast
                 of
                 a
                 Dart.
                 Hereupon
                 Agathocles
                 presently
                 landed
                 his
                 Men
                 at
                 a
                 place
                 call'd
                 the
                 Quarries
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 drew
                 a
                 Breast
                 work
                 for
                 the
                 security
                 of
                 his
                 Shipping
                 all
                 along
                 from
                 Sea
                 to
                 Sea
                 :
                 And
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 effected
                 this
                 bold
                 and
                 daring
                 attempt
                 ,
                 he
                 set
                 upon
                 another
                 far
                 more
                 dangerous
                 :
                 For
                 taking
                 to
                 him
                 such
                 of
                 his
                 Captains
                 and
                 Commanders
                 as
                 were
                 wholly
                 at
                 his
                 Devotion
                 ,
                 he
                 first
                 Sacrificed
                 to
                 Ceres
                 and
                 Proserpina
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 call'd
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 ;
                 where
                 coming
                 into
                 the
                 Assembly
                 to
                 make
                 his
                 Harangue
                 ,
                 splendidly
                 clothed
                 in
                 Royal
                 Robes
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 his
                 Crown
                 upon
                 his
                 Head
                 (
                 after
                 a
                 few
                 things
                 premis'd
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 introduction
                 to
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 further
                 to
                 say
                 )
                 he
                 told
                 them
                 ,
                 That
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 they
                 were
                 pursu'd
                 by
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 a
                 Vow
                 to
                 the
                 Goddesses
                 Ceres
                 and
                 Proserpina
                 ,
                 the
                 
                 Protectoresses
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 Consecrate
                 all
                 the
                 Ships
                 in
                 the
                 Fleet
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 burning
                 them
                 all
                 into
                 so
                 many
                 burning
                 Lamps
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 ,
                 since
                 they
                 were
                 now
                 safe
                 and
                 were
                 deliver'd
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 just
                 and
                 fit
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 pay
                 their
                 Vows
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 promis'd
                 
                 
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 fought
                 couragiously
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 return
                 them
                 far
                 more
                 than
                 those
                 Ships
                 they
                 then
                 had
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Gods
                 by
                 the
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 did
                 foretel
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 Conquerors
                 throughout
                 the
                 whole
                 War
                 :
                 While
                 he
                 was
                 speaking
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Servants
                 brought
                 him
                 a
                 lighted
                 Firebrand
                 ,
                 which
                 catching
                 hold
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 commanding
                 the
                 like
                 to
                 be
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Captains
                 ,
                 he
                 invocated
                 the
                 Goddesses
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 Admiral
                 's
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 and
                 standing
                 upon
                 the
                 Stern
                 ,
                 commanded
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 follow
                 his
                 Example
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Captains
                 of
                 the
                 Vessels
                 set
                 fire
                 to
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 the
                 Flame
                 mounted
                 alost
                 ,
                 the
                 Trumpets
                 sounded
                 a
                 Charge
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 shout
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 as
                 one
                 Man
                 offer'd
                 up
                 their
                 joynt
                 Prayers
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 safe
                 return
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 .
                 And
                 all
                 this
                 was
                 done
                 by
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 necessitate
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 fight
                 ,
                 without
                 ever
                 thinking
                 of
                 turning
                 their
                 Backs
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 was
                 plain
                 ,
                 that
                 having
                 no
                 Shipping
                 left
                 for
                 their
                 last
                 Refuge
                 ,
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 have
                 the
                 least
                 hope
                 of
                 safety
                 in
                 any
                 thing
                 but
                 by
                 being
                 absolute
                 Conquerors
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 consider'd
                 ,
                 that
                 having
                 
                 but
                 a
                 small
                 Army
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 guard
                 his
                 Fleet
                 he
                 must
                 be
                 forc'd
                 to
                 divide
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 strong
                 enough
                 to
                 venture
                 a
                 Battle
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 left
                 the
                 Ships
                 without
                 any
                 Guard
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 〈◊〉
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 whole
                 Navy
                 was
                 on
                 fire
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Flame
                 spread
                 it self
                 round
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 ,
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 quak'd
                 :
                 For
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 being
                 deluded
                 by
                 the
                 jugling
                 Tricks
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 the
                 quickness
                 of
                 Execution
                 ,
                 giving
                 them
                 no
                 time
                 to
                 consider
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 consented
                 to
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 leisure
                 distinctly
                 to
                 weigh
                 every
                 particular
                 ,
                 they
                 repented
                 
                 themselves
                 of
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 done
                 ;
                 and
                 pondering
                 in
                 their
                 Minds
                 ,
                 the
                 vastness
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 were
                 separated
                 from
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 they
                 utterly
                 despair'd
                 of
                 their
                 Safety
                 and
                 Preservation
                 .
                 Agathocles
                 therefore
                 minding
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 possibly
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 to
                 cure
                 this
                 Pusilanimity
                 in
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 led
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 the
                 *
                 great
                 City
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 's
                 call'd
                 )
                 within
                 the
                 Dominion
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 Country
                 through
                 which
                 they
                 march'd
                 ,
                 was
                 beautify'd
                 with
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 Planted
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fruit-Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 Sluces
                 ,
                 and
                 Canals
                 were
                 cut
                 all
                 along
                 for
                 the
                 convenience
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 that
                 whole
                 Tract
                 was
                 every
                 where
                 abundantly
                 water'd
                 .
                 This
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 was
                 likewise
                 full
                 of
                 Towns
                 and
                 Villages
                 ,
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 stately
                 Houses
                 ,
                 whose
                 Roofs
                 were
                 curiously
                 wrought
                 all
                 setting
                 forth
                 the
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Riches
                 of
                 their
                 Owners
                 .
                 The
                 Houses
                 were
                 full
                 of
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Provision
                 of
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 was
                 needful
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 (
                 through
                 a
                 long
                 Peace
                 )
                 had
                 stor'd
                 up
                 their
                 Treasures
                 in
                 great
                 plenty
                 and
                 abundance
                 .
                 The
                 Country
                 is
                 planted
                 partly
                 with
                 Vines
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 with
                 Olive-Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 likewise
                 with
                 many
                 other
                 Fruit-Trees
                 :
                 In
                 another
                 part
                 ,
                 the
                 Fields
                 are
                 pastur'd
                 with
                 Flocks
                 of
                 Sheep
                 ,
                 and
                 Herds
                 of
                 Cows
                 and
                 Oxen
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Fens
                 run
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 breeding
                 Mares
                 .
                 And
                 what
                 shall
                 I
                 say
                 more
                 ?
                 Those
                 places
                 abounded
                 with
                 plenty
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 for
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rather
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 Possessions
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 who
                 laid
                 out
                 much
                 of
                 their
                 Estates
                 and
                 Wealth
                 with
                 more
                 then
                 ordinary
                 Curiosity
                 to
                 improve
                 them
                 for
                 their
                 Delight
                 and
                 Pleasure
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 fertility
                 and
                 sweetness
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 admiration
                 of
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 ,
                 and
                 rouz'd
                 up
                 their
                 drooping
                 
                 Spirits
                 in
                 the
                 view
                 they
                 had
                 of
                 those
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 and
                 rich
                 Returns
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 judg'd
                 were
                 well
                 worthy
                 the
                 hazards
                 to
                 be
                 run
                 by
                 the
                 Conquerors
                 to
                 obtain
                 them
                 .
                 Agathocles
                 therefore
                 perceiving
                 that
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 now
                 recover'd
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 dumps
                 ,
                 and
                 former
                 melancholy
                 apprehensions
                 ,
                 makes
                 a
                 suddain
                 Assault
                 upon
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 so
                 surprizing
                 and
                 unexpected
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Citizens
                 unskilful
                 in
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 after
                 a
                 short
                 resistance
                 he
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 by
                 Storm
                 ;
                 and
                 gave
                 the
                 plunder
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 to
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 which
                 both
                 encourag'd
                 'em
                 and
                 enrich'd
                 'em
                 at
                 once
                 .
                 Thence
                 he
                 forthwith
                 
                 mov'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 *
                 Tunis
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 that
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Furlongs
                 from
                 Carthage
                 .
                 The
                 Soldiers
                 would
                 willingly
                 have
                 Garison'd
                 these
                 Two
                 Cities
                 ,
                 having
                 Stor'd
                 and
                 laid
                 up
                 in
                 them
                 the
                 Plunder
                 they
                 had
                 got
                 .
                 But
                 Agathocles
                 weighing
                 
                 what
                 was
                 most
                 expedient
                 in
                 his
                 present
                 circumstances
                 ;
                 therefore
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 convinc'd
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 convenient
                 to
                 leave
                 any
                 place
                 to
                 fly
                 to
                 for
                 shelter
                 ,
                 till
                 they
                 had
                 conquer'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 by
                 down-right
                 blows
                 ,
                 he
                 raz'd
                 the
                 Citys
                 to
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 and
                 incamp'd
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Field
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 that
                 lay
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 at
                 first
                 greatly
                 rejoyc'd
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 their
                 Ships
                 all
                 in
                 a
                 Flame
                 ,
                 supposing
                 they
                 were
                 constrain'd
                 to
                 burn
                 their
                 Navy
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 :
                 But
                 after
                 they
                 perceiv'd
                 them
                 to
                 march
                 forward
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 imagining
                 what
                 they
                 intended
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 they
                 then
                 concluded
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 burning
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 was
                 a
                 design'd
                 mischief
                 to
                 them
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 they
                 spread
                 Leathern
                 Hides
                 upon
                 the
                 Fore-Castles
                 of
                 all
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 their
                 constant
                 manner
                 when
                 ever
                 any
                 misfortune
                 seems
                 to
                 threaten
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Common-wealth
                 ;
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 they
                 took
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Gallies
                 the
                 Iron
                 Beaks
                 out
                 of
                 
                 Agathocles's
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 Expresses
                 to
                 Carthage
                 
                 to
                 give
                 them
                 a
                 particular
                 Account
                 of
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 had
                 hapned
                 .
                 But
                 before
                 these
                 
                 Messengers
                 reach'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 some
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 who
                 had
                 discern'd
                 Agathocles
                 his
                 Fleet
                 to
                 be
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 presently
                 ran
                 to
                 Carthage
                 to
                 give
                 them
                 an
                 Account
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 thereupon
                 so
                 amaz'd
                 with
                 the
                 surprizing
                 news
                 of
                 such
                 an
                 unexpected
                 accident
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 forthwith
                 concluded
                 that
                 their
                 Armies
                 in
                 Sicily
                 were
                 utterly
                 cut
                 off
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 it
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 that
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 unless
                 he
                 were
                 Victorious
                 ,
                 would
                 dare
                 to
                 leave
                 Syracuse
                 naked
                 without
                 any
                 Garison
                 ,
                 or
                 pass
                 over
                 his
                 Army
                 when
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 his
                 Enemy
                 was
                 Master
                 at
                 Sea.
                 The
                 City
                 therefore
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 hurly
                 burly
                 ,
                 terror
                 and
                 confusion
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 throng'd
                 into
                 the
                 Market-place
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Senate
                 met
                 together
                 to
                 consult
                 what
                 was
                 fit
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 present
                 Exigency
                 :
                 for
                 they
                 had
                 no
                 Army
                 at
                 hand
                 wherewith
                 to
                 fight
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 besides
                 ,
                 the
                 common
                 Citizens
                 being
                 raw
                 and
                 ignorant
                 in
                 matters
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 were
                 altogether
                 heartless
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 body
                 thought
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 then
                 just
                 at
                 their
                 Walls
                 .
                 Some
                 therefore
                 were
                 for
                 sending
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Agathocles
                 to
                 propose
                 terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 who
                 might
                 likewise
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 discover
                 the
                 posture
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Others
                 were
                 for
                 staying
                 and
                 expecting
                 till
                 they
                 should
                 have
                 perfect
                 intelligence
                 of
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 was
                 done
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 in
                 this
                 hurry
                 and
                 perplexity
                 ,
                 arriv'd
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 from
                 the
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 declar'd
                 to
                 them
                 all
                 that
                 was
                 done
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 their
                 Courage
                 reviv'd
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Senate
                 blam'd
                 all
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 that
                 being
                 Masters
                 at
                 
                 Sea
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 so
                 careless
                 as
                 to
                 suffer
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Forces
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Descent
                 upon
                 Africa
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 created
                 Hanno
                 and
                 Bomilcar
                 Generals
                 of
                 their
                 Army
                 ,
                 notwithstanding
                 
                 they
                 were
                 at
                 private
                 feuds
                 between
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 ancient
                 grudges
                 had
                 been
                 in
                 their
                 Families
                 one
                 towards
                 another
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 thought
                 that
                 these
                 private
                 Quarrels
                 would
                 much
                 tend
                 to
                 the
                 common
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 But
                 they
                 were
                 very
                 much
                 mistaken
                 ,
                 For
                 Bomilcar
                 had
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 been
                 ambitious
                 of
                 the
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 but
                 never
                 yet
                 had
                 an
                 opportunity
                 fitted
                 for
                 his
                 purpose
                 to
                 put
                 his
                 Designs
                 in
                 execution
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 greedily
                 imbrac'd
                 the
                 offer
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Command
                 as
                 was
                 exactly
                 agreeable
                 to
                 what
                 he
                 was
                 aiming
                 at
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 chief
                 cause
                 of
                 these
                 Plots
                 and
                 Contrivances
                 of
                 his
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 severity
                 and
                 cruelty
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 advance
                 the
                 most
                 eminent
                 Persons
                 to
                 be
                 Generals
                 in
                 their
                 Wars
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 conclude
                 they
                 'l
                 fight
                 with
                 more
                 Resolution
                 then
                 others
                 ,
                 when
                 all
                 lies
                 at
                 stake
                 :
                 But
                 after
                 the
                 Wars
                 are
                 ended
                 and
                 Peace
                 concluded
                 ,
                 then
                 they
                 bring
                 false
                 Accusations
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 unjustly
                 ,
                 through
                 Envy
                 ,
                 put
                 them
                 to
                 death
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 some
                 Generals
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 those
                 unjust
                 Sentences
                 ,
                 either
                 give
                 up
                 their
                 Commissions
                 ,
                 or
                 seek
                 to
                 be
                 absolute
                 Monarchs
                 ;
                 as
                 Bomilcar
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Generals
                 
                 then
                 did
                 ;
                 of
                 whom
                 we
                 shall
                 speak
                 by
                 and
                 by
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Carthaginian
                 Generals
                 therefore
                 seeing
                 now
                 that
                 delays
                 were
                 dangerous
                 ,
                 waited
                 not
                 for
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 be
                 rais'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 but
                 led
                 out
                 the
                 Citizens
                 themselves
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 having
                 under
                 their
                 Command
                 no
                 
                 less
                 than
                 Forty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 a
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Chariots
                 ;
                 and
                 possessing
                 themselves
                 of
                 a
                 Hill
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 drew
                 up
                 in
                 Batalia
                 :
                 Hanno
                 commanded
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 supported
                 by
                 them
                 of
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Brigade
                 :
                 Bomilcar
                 the
                 Lest
                 ,
                 making
                 his
                 Phalanx
                 very
                 deep
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 place
                 would
                 not
                 allow
                 him
                 to
                 extend
                 his
                 wing
                 further
                 in
                 front
                 :
                 The
                 Chariots
                 and
                 Horsemen
                 he
                 plac'd
                 in
                 the
                 Van
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 ,
                 that
                 with
                 these
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 Charge
                 they
                 might
                 try
                 the
                 Courage
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Greeks
                   .
                   Agathocles
                
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 viewing
                 how
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 had
                 drawn
                 up
                 their
                 Army
                 ,
                 committed
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 to
                 Archagathus
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 delivering
                 to
                 him
                 Two
                 thousand
                 and
                 five
                 hundred
                 Foot.
                 Then
                 he
                 drew
                 up
                 about
                 Three
                 thousand
                 and
                 five
                 hundred
                 Syracusians
                 :
                 Next
                 to
                 them
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Mercenaries
                 out
                 of
                 Greece
                 ;
                 and
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 Three
                 thousand
                 
                   Samnites
                   Tyrrhenians
                
                 and
                 Celts
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 Troops
                 of
                 the
                 Houshold
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Thousand
                 heavy
                 Arm'd
                 Men
                 commanded
                 in
                 the
                 Left
                 Wing
                 ,
                 opposite
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Carthaginians
                   Sacred
                   Brigade
                
                 .
                 The
                 Archers
                 and
                 Slingers
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Five
                 hundred
                 he
                 mix'd
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 in
                 the
                 two
                 Wings
                 .
                 The
                 Truth
                 was
                 ,
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 scarce
                 all
                 Arm'd
                 ;
                 And
                 therefore
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 naked
                 and
                 without
                 Arms
                 ;
                 he
                 took
                 the
                 Covers
                 and
                 Cases
                 of
                 the
                 Shields
                 and
                 stretcht
                 them
                 out
                 upon
                 Sticks
                 in
                 the
                 round
                 shape
                 of
                 a
                 Shield
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 deliver'd
                 'em
                 to
                 them
                 ;
                 however
                 in
                 truth
                 useless
                 ,
                 yet
                 so
                 contriv'd
                 by
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 at
                 a
                 distance
                 (
                 and
                 knew
                 nothing
                 of
                 the
                 Stratagem
                 )
                 should
                 look
                 upon
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 Arm'd
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 Perceiving
                 likewise
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 very
                 low
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 discourag'd
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 especially
                 of
                 their
                 Horse
                 ,
                 he
                 
                 let
                 out
                 several
                 Owls
                 (
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 the
                 purpose
                 )
                 into
                 divers
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Camp
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 to
                 rid
                 them
                 of
                 their
                 fears
                 ;
                 which
                 Birds
                 flying
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 
                 through
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 lighting
                 ever
                 and
                 anon
                 upon
                 their
                 Shields
                 and
                 Bucklers
                 ,
                 chear'd
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 up
                 the
                 spirits
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 all
                 taking
                 it
                 for
                 a
                 very
                 happy
                 Omen
                 because
                 that
                 creature
                 is
                 sacred
                 to
                 Minerva
                 :
                 These
                 sorts
                 of
                 tricks
                 and
                 devices
                 altho'
                 they
                 may
                 seem
                 to
                 some
                 to
                 be
                 foolish
                 and
                 vain
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 have
                 many
                 times
                 been
                 the
                 causes
                 of
                 extraordinary
                 success
                 .
                 As
                 it
                 fell
                 out
                 likewise
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 soldiers
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 growing
                 more
                 bold
                 and
                 couragious
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 being
                 generally
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 that
                 the
                 Goddess
                 plainly
                 soretold
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 victorious
                 ,
                 they
                 more
                 resolutely
                 underwent
                 all
                 dangers
                 and
                 difficulties
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 Chariots
                 charg'd
                 fiercely
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 some
                 they
                 pierc'd
                 through
                 with
                 their
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 others
                 they
                 avoided
                 and
                 suffer'd
                 to
                 pass
                 by
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 they
                 drave
                 back
                 into
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Foot.
                 In
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 they
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Charge
                 of
                 their
                 Horse
                 ,
                 wounding
                 many
                 and
                 putting
                 them
                 all
                 at
                 last
                 to
                 flight
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 they
                 had
                 thus
                 gallantly
                 behav'd
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 Charge
                 ,
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 began
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 them
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Body
                 of
                 Foot
                 at
                 once
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 sharp
                 Engagment
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Hanno
                 with
                 that
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 call'd
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Brigade
                 (
                 striving
                 to
                 win
                 the
                 day
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Valour
                 )
                 makes
                 a
                 fierce
                 Charge
                 upon
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 hews
                 down
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 :
                 And
                 tho'
                 he
                 was
                 even
                 overwhelm'd
                 with
                 showers
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 fell
                 not
                 ;
                 but
                 receiving
                 one
                 Wound
                 after
                 another
                 ,
                 on
                 he
                 still
                 goes
                 ,
                 till
                 being
                 overprest
                 and
                 altogether
                 tir'd
                 out
                 ,
                 down
                 he
                 fell
                 and
                 gave
                 up
                 his
                 last
                 Breath
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 Agathocles
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 so
                 lifed
                 up
                 with
                 expectations
                 
                 of
                 Victory
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 still
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 couragious
                 ;
                 which
                 when
                 the
                 other
                 General
                 Bomilcar
                 came
                 to
                 understand
                 ,
                 conceiving
                 that
                 the
                 Gods
                 had
                 put
                 an
                 opportunity
                 into
                 his
                 hand
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 he
                 reason'd
                 with
                 himself
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 the
                 Army
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 were
                 destroy'd
                 ,
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 mount
                 the
                 Throne
                 because
                 the
                 City
                 would
                 be
                 too
                 strong
                 for
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 Agathocles
                 were
                 Conqueror
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 broke
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 then
                 (
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 brought
                 low
                 )
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 lead
                 them
                 which
                 way
                 he
                 would
                 ;
                 and
                 as
                 for
                 Agathocles
                 he
                 concluded
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 subdue
                 him
                 
                 when
                 ever
                 he
                 pleas'd
                 .
                 Revolving
                 these
                 things
                 in
                 his
                 mind
                 ,
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 face
                 about
                 and
                 Retreat
                 ,
                 willing
                 the
                 Enemy
                 should
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 what
                 they
                 were
                 about
                 to
                 do
                 ;
                 then
                 telling
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 Hanno
                 was
                 slain
                 ,
                 order'd
                 them
                 to
                 keep
                 their
                 ranks
                 and
                 get
                 to
                 a
                 rising
                 ground
                 there
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 was
                 now
                 the
                 last
                 course
                 for
                 them
                 to
                 take
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Retreat
                 looking
                 like
                 a
                 down-right
                 flight
                 ,
                 the
                 Enemy
                 prest
                 so
                 close
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Africans
                 who
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Rear
                 ,
                 supposing
                 that
                 those
                 in
                 the
                 Front
                 of
                 the
                 Battle
                 were
                 Routed
                 ,
                 took
                 to
                 their
                 Heels
                 likewise
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 those
                 in
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Brigade
                 fought
                 bravely
                 for
                 a
                 while
                 after
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 Hanno
                 ,
                 and
                 resolutely
                 prest
                 forward
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 over
                 the
                 Carkases
                 of
                 their
                 fellow-soldiers
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 perceiv'd
                 that
                 most
                 of
                 their
                 Army
                 was
                 fled
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 surrounding
                 them
                 at
                 their
                 backs
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 likewise
                 to
                 give
                 way
                 and
                 be
                 gone
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 whole
                 Carthaginian
                 Army
                 being
                 thus
                 put
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 made
                 toward
                 ,
                 Carthage
                 ;
                 whom
                 Agathocles
                 pursu'd
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 return'd
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 Pillage
                 of
                 the
                 field
                 ;
                 In
                 this
                 Battle
                 were
                 slain
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 above
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 though
                 some
                 have
                 written
                 above
                 Six
                 Thousand
                 :
                 Amongst
                 other
                 rich
                 spoiles
                 there
                 were
                 found
                 many
                 Chariots
                 in
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 Camp
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 were
                 carri'd
                 above
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 pair
                 of
                 Fetters
                 and
                 Manacles
                 .
                 For
                 concluding
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 easily
                 overcome
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 they
                 agreed
                 together
                 to
                 take
                 as
                 many
                 Prisoners
                 as
                 they
                 could
                 ,
                 and
                 threw
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 Dungeons
                 setter'd
                 hand
                 and
                 foot
                 ;
                 but
                 God
                 (
                 I
                 conceive
                 )
                 purposely
                 sets
                 himself
                 by
                 meer
                 contrary
                 Events
                 to
                 cross
                 the
                 expectations
                 of
                 such
                 ,
                 who
                 proudly
                 before
                 hand
                 resolve
                 what
                 shall
                 absolutely
                 be
                 done
                 .
              
               
                 Agathocles
                 having
                 now
                 Routed
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 both
                 beyond
                 their
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 his
                 own
                 expectation
                 ,
                 blockt
                 them
                 up
                 within
                 their
                 Walls
                 ;
                 and
                 thus
                 we
                 see
                 Fortune
                 whose
                 common
                 Course
                 it
                 is
                 to
                 make
                 Chequer-work
                 of
                 good
                 and
                 bad
                 success
                 ,
                 of
                 Routs
                 and
                 Victories
                 in
                 their
                 several
                 turns
                 ,
                 now
                 humbled
                 the
                 Conquerors
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 before
                 conquered
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 beaten
                 Agathocles
                 in
                 Sicily
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Battle
                 ,
                 besieg'd
                 Syracuse
                 ;
                 and
                 now
                 Agathocles
                 having
                 Routed
                 them
                 in
                 Africa
                 ,
                 Besieges
                 Carthage
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 most
                 to
                 be
                 admir'd
                 was
                 that
                 this
                 Prince
                 was
                 beaten
                 by
                 the
                 
                 Barbarians
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 when
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 were
                 with
                 him
                 whole
                 and
                 intire
                 :
                 but
                 now
                 is
                 Victorious
                 in
                 the
                 Continent
                 over
                 the
                 Conquerors
                 with
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 a
                 broken
                 and
                 shatter'd
                 Army
                 .
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 therefore
                 concluding
                 that
                 this
                 miserable
                 misfortune
                 was
                 brought
                 upon
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 betook
                 themselves
                 to
                 Prayers
                 and
                 Supplications
                 to
                 the
                 *
                 Deity
                 ;
                 especially
                 thinking
                 that
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 the
                 Tutelar
                 god
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 was
                 angry
                 at
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 a
                 vast
                 sum
                 of
                 Mony
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 rich
                 Gifts
                 to
                 Tyre
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 a
                 Colony
                 which
                 came
                 out
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 us'd
                 in
                 former
                 Ages
                 to
                 send
                 the
                 Tenth
                 part
                 of
                 all
                 their
                 Revenues
                 as
                 an
                 Offering
                 to
                 that
                 God
                 :
                 
                 But
                 after
                 that
                 they
                 grew
                 wealthy
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Revenues
                 very
                 great
                 ,
                 they
                 began
                 to
                 flack
                 in
                 in
                 their
                 Devotion
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 thither
                 but
                 a
                 small
                 pittance
                 to
                 their
                 God.
                 Being
                 therefore
                 brought
                 to
                 repentance
                 by
                 this
                 remarkable
                 Slaughter
                 ,
                 they
                 remembred
                 all
                 the
                 Gods
                 in
                 Tyre
                 ;
                 they
                 sent
                 likewise
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Temples
                 to
                 the
                 Images
                 of
                 Golden
                 Shrines
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 Supplications
                 ,
                 supposing
                 they
                 should
                 prevail
                 the
                 more
                 in
                 averting
                 the
                 Anger
                 of
                 the
                 God
                 by
                 sending
                 sacred
                 gifts
                 to
                 pacifie
                 him
                 .
                 They
                 gave
                 just
                 cause
                 likewise
                 to
                 their
                 God
                 Saturn
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 in
                 former
                 times
                 they
                 us'd
                 to
                 sacrifice
                 to
                 this
                 god
                 the
                 sons
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 eminent
                 persons
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 later
                 times
                 they
                 secretly
                 bought
                 and
                 bred
                 up
                 Children
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 .
                 And
                 upon
                 strict
                 search
                 made
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 found
                 amongst
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 sacrific'd
                 some
                 Children
                 that
                 were
                 chang'd
                 and
                 put
                 in
                 the
                 place
                 and
                 room
                 of
                 others
                 .
                 Weighing
                 these
                 things
                 in
                 their
                 Minds
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 seeing
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 lay
                 before
                 their
                 Walls
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 seiz'd
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 pang
                 of
                 Superstition
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 utterly
                 forsaken
                 the
                 Religion
                 of
                 their
                 
                 Fathers
                 .
                 That
                 they
                 might
                 therefore
                 without
                 delay
                 reform
                 what
                 what
                 was
                 amiss
                 ,
                 they
                 offer'd
                 as
                 a
                 publick
                 sacrifice
                 Two
                 hundred
                 of
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ;
                 and
                 no
                 fewer
                 than
                 Three
                 hundred
                 more
                 (
                 that
                 were
                 liable
                 to
                 censure
                 )
                 voluntarily
                 offered
                 up
                 themselves
                 ;
                 
                 for
                 among
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Brazen
                 Statue
                 of
                 Saturn
                 putting
                 forth
                 the
                 Palms
                 of
                 his
                 Hands
                 so
                 bending
                 towards
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 Boy
                 that
                 was
                 laid
                 upon
                 them
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 be
                 sacrific'd
                 ,
                 should
                 slip
                 off
                 and
                 so
                 fall
                 down
                 headlong
                 into
                 a
                 deep
                 fiery
                 Furnace
                 .
                 Hence
                 it
                 's
                 probable
                 that
                 Euripides
                 took
                 what
                 he
                 fabulously
                 relates
                 concerning
                 the
                 sacrifice
                 in
                 Taurus
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 introduces
                 Iphigenia
                 asking
                 Orestes
                 this
                 Question
                 —
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   But
                   what
                   Sepulchre
                   will
                   me
                   dead
                   receive
                   ,
                
                 
                   Shall
                   th'
                   Gulf
                   of
                   Sacred
                   Fire
                   then
                   me
                   have
                   ?
                
              
               
                 The
                 ancient
                 Fable
                 likewise
                 that
                 is
                 common
                 among
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 that
                 Saturn
                 devour'd
                 his
                 own
                 Children
                 ,
                 seems
                 to
                 be
                 confirm'd
                 by
                 this
                 Law
                 among
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 after
                 this
                 change
                 of
                 affairs
                 in
                 Africa
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 sent
                 to
                 Amilcar
                 into
                 Sicily
                 
                 to
                 hasten
                 over
                 to
                 their
                 assistance
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 his
                 Ships
                 should
                 be
                 carri'd
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Messengers
                 arriv'd
                 ,
                 he
                 commanded
                 them
                 not
                 to
                 say
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 the
                 Routing
                 of
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 noise
                 it
                 abroad
                 among
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 that
                 Agathocles
                 his
                 Fleet
                 and
                 Land
                 Army
                 were
                 both
                 utterly
                 destroy'd
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 himself
                 sent
                 away
                 some
                 (
                 that
                 were
                 newly
                 come
                 from
                 Carthage
                 )
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 together
                 
                 with
                 the
                 Iron
                 Beaks
                 ,
                 to
                 demand
                 the
                 delivery
                 up
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 tell
                 them
                 that
                 all
                 their
                 Forces
                 were
                 cut
                 off
                 by
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 whole
                 Navy
                 burnt
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 believe
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 their
                 Vessels
                 (
                 there
                 shew'd
                 )
                 were
                 a
                 sufficient
                 evidence
                 of
                 the
                 truth
                 of
                 what
                 they
                 related
                 .
                 when
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 heard
                 of
                 this
                 overthrow
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 many
                 believ'd
                 it
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 leading
                 men
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 minding
                 to
                 keep
                 private
                 a
                 matter
                 that
                 was
                 yet
                 uncertain
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 prevent
                 Tumults
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 dismist
                 the
                 Messengers
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 them
                 away
                 .
                 They
                 cast
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 likewise
                 the
                 Kindred
                 and
                 friends
                 of
                 the
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 and
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 at
                 least
                 of
                 others
                 that
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 uneasie
                 under
                 the
                 Government
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 when
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Number
                 on
                 a
                 suddain
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 leave
                 the
                 place
                 of
                 their
                 Birth
                 ,
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 full
                 of
                 Confusion
                 ,
                 Lamentation
                 and
                 crying
                 of
                 Women
                 running
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 in
                 the
                 Streets
                 ;
                 neither
                 was
                 there
                 any
                 House
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 that
                 had
                 not
                 its
                 share
                 of
                 weeping
                 and
                 mourning
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 who
                 favour'd
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 bewail'd
                 the
                 Ruin
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 their
                 Sons
                 ;
                 others
                 wept
                 for
                 those
                 of
                 their
                 friends
                 who
                 they
                 suppos'd
                 were
                 all
                 cut
                 off
                 in
                 Africa
                 ;
                 others
                 griev'd
                 and
                 mourn'd
                 for
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 compell'd
                 to
                 forsake
                 their
                 Houses
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Gods
                 of
                 their
                 Fore-fathers
                 ;
                 and
                 who
                 were
                 neither
                 suffer'd
                 to
                 stay
                 ,
                 nor
                 could
                 get
                 well
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Siege
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 these
                 most
                 grievous
                 and
                 bitter
                 sufferings
                 (
                 which
                 they
                 labour'd
                 under
                 )
                 they
                 were
                 forc't
                 to
                 fly
                 with
                 their
                 Wives
                 ,
                 and
                 drag
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 their
                 little
                 young
                 Children
                 ;
                 But
                 Amilcar
                 courteously
                 receiv'd
                 and
                 secur'd
                 the
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 should
                 forthwith
                 possess
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 place
                 being
                 destitute
                 of
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 misery
                 those
                 were
                 in
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 heard
                 )
                 who
                 were
                 left
                 behind
                 :
                 However
                 he
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 before
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 pardon
                 to
                 Antandrus
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 sided
                 with
                 him
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 deliver
                 up
                 the
                 City
                 into
                 his
                 hands
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 Council
                 of
                 War
                 call'd
                 of
                 those
                 Captains
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 greatest
                 Authority
                 ;
                 where
                 after
                 many
                 bandings
                 and
                 debates
                 pro
                 and
                 con
                 ,
                 Antander
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 naturally
                 a
                 poor
                 spirited
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 weak
                 head
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 below
                 the
                 courage
                 and
                 resolution
                 of
                 his
                 Brother
                 )
                 was
                 for
                 delivering
                 up
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 :
                 But
                 Eurymnon
                 the
                 Etolian
                 (
                 whom
                 Agathocles
                 had
                 left
                 to
                 assist
                 his
                 Brother
                 in
                 
                 Advice
                 and
                 Counsel
                 )
                 was
                 of
                 another
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 and
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 hold
                 out
                 till
                 they
                 had
                 certain
                 Intelligence
                 of
                 the
                 Truth
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 Amilcar
                 coming
                 to
                 understand
                 the
                 resolution
                 of
                 the
                 Townsmen
                 ,
                 prepar'd
                 all
                 his
                 Engines
                 with
                 a
                 full
                 Resolution
                 to
                 batter
                 down
                 the
                 Walls
              
               
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 late
                 Battel
                 ,
                 built
                 two
                 Ships
                 of
                 Thirty
                 Oares
                 a
                 piece
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 put
                 on
                 board
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 his
                 Rowers
                 ,
                 with
                 Nearchus
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 faithful
                 Friends
                 he
                 then
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 them
                 away
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 
                 Victory
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 the
                 Wind
                 fair
                 ,
                 the
                 Fifth
                 day
                 (
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 )
                 they
                 arriv'd
                 in
                 the
                 Harbour
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 break
                 of
                 Day
                 ,
                 Crown'd
                 with
                 Garlands
                 and
                 singing
                 the
                 *
                 Pean
                 all
                 along
                 as
                 they
                 sail'd
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 for
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 perceived
                 by
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Guard-Ships
                 ,
                 they
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 might
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 being
                 not
                 far
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 great
                 striving
                 among
                 the
                 Rowers
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 .
                 While
                 the
                 Sea-men
                 were
                 thus
                 contending
                 ,
                 both
                 Besiegers
                 and
                 Besieg'd
                 understanding
                 the
                 Matter
                 ,
                 ran
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 and
                 each
                 fearful
                 of
                 the
                 event
                 ,
                 call'd
                 out
                 and
                 encourag'd
                 every
                 one
                 their
                 own
                 Men.
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Ship
                 was
                 upon
                 the
                 point
                 of
                 falling
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 Pursuers
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 gave
                 a
                 shout
                 :
                 but
                 the
                 Citizens
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 otherwise
                 to
                 assist
                 ,
                 pray'd
                 to
                 their
                 Gods
                 for
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 their
                 Men
                 on
                 board
                 .
                 The
                 Pursuers
                 being
                 now
                 ready
                 to
                 board
                 her
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 Land
                 ,
                 she
                 got
                 within
                 a
                 Darts
                 cast
                 of
                 the
                 Shore
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 who
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 her
                 relief
                 ,
                 narrowly
                 escap'd
                 the
                 Danger
                 .
                 Amilcar
                 perceiving
                 that
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 (
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 late
                 Contest
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 sudden
                 arrival
                 of
                 the
                 Intelligence
                 expected
                 )
                 were
                 all
                 flock'd
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Port
                 ;
                 and
                 thereupon
                 conceiving
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 were
                 left
                 Naked
                 ,
                 order'd
                 the
                 stoutest
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 rear
                 up
                 Scaling-Ladders
                 ;
                 who
                 finding
                 there
                 no
                 Guards
                 ,
                 mounted
                 the
                 Walls
                 without
                 being
                 discern'd
                 ;
                 and
                 had
                 almost
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 an
                 entire
                 Part
                 lying
                 between
                 two
                 Towers
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 that
                 us'd
                 to
                 go
                 the
                 Round
                 ,
                 came
                 just
                 then
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 discover'd
                 them
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 they
                 fell
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Citizens
                 came
                 flocking
                 in
                 ,
                 before
                 any
                 Relief
                 could
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 the
                 Assailants
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 some
                 were
                 kill'd
                 outright
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 were
                 thrown
                 down
                 Headlong
                 over
                 the
                 Walls
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 Amilcar
                 was
                 so
                 mortify'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 drew
                 off
                 his
                 Forces
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 away
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Men
                 to
                 the
                 Relief
                 of
                 Carthage
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 in
                 action
                 in
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   Agathocles
                
                 being
                 now
                 Master
                 of
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 
                 took
                 some
                 Forts
                 and
                 Castles
                 near
                 to
                 Carthage
                 by
                 Storm
                 ;
                 and
                 other
                 Cities
                 ,
                 some
                 out
                 Fear
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 through
                 hatred
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 voluntarily
                 surrender'd
                 themselves
                 .
                 Having
                 fortify'd
                 his
                 Camp
                 near
                 Tunis
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 there
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Guard
                 ,
                 and
                 mov'd
                 towards
                 the
                 Towns
                 lying
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea-Coasts
                 :
                 And
                 first
                 he
                 took
                 by
                 Storm
                 the
                 New
                 City
                 ,
                 but
                 dealt
                 very
                 favourably
                 with
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 :
                 Thence
                 he
                 march'd
                 to
                 Adrymetes
                 ,
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 Confederated
                 with
                 Elymas
                 King
                 of
                 Lybia
                 .
                 News
                 whereof
                 being
                 brought
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 they
                 bent
                 all
                 their
                 Arms
                 against
                 Tunis
                 ;
                 and
                 possessed
                 themselves
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 his
                 Camp
                 ;
                 and
                 with
                 their
                 Battering
                 Rams
                 press'd
                 upon
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 continual
                 Assaults
                 .
                 Agathocles
                 receiving
                 Intelligence
                 of
                 the
                 slaughter
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 leaving
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 with
                 him
                 his
                 Life-guard
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 small
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 secretly
                 march'd
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Top
                 of
                 a
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 whence
                 he
                 might
                 view
                 both
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Adrymetines
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 that
                 besieg'd
                 Tunis
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Night
                 he
                 commanded
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 kindle
                 Fires
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 them
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 a
                 large
                 Tract
                 of
                 Ground
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 might
                 think
                 he
                 was
                 making
                 towards
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 might
                 conclude
                 ,
                 that
                 fresh
                 Forces
                 in
                 vast
                 numbers
                 were
                 come
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 for
                 his
                 Assistance
                 ;
                 both
                 being
                 deceiv'd
                 by
                 this
                 Stratagem
                 were
                 suddenly
                 caught
                 in
                 the
                 Snare
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 who
                 besieg'd
                 Tunis
                 ,
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 their
                 Engines
                 behind
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Adrymetines
                 surpriz'd
                 with
                 Fear
                 surrender'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 gain'd
                 ,
                 upon
                 certain
                 
                 Terms
                 agreed
                 upon
                 ,
                 but
                 Thapsus
                 he
                 afterwards
                 took
                 by
                 Storm
                 :
                 And
                 several
                 other
                 Cities
                 he
                 took
                 in
                 this
                 Tract
                 ,
                 some
                 by
                 Force
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 upon
                 Conditions
                 .
                 Having
                 at
                 length
                 gain'd
                 in
                 the
                 whole
                 above
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Towns
                 and
                 Cities
                 ,
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 upon
                 an
                 Expedition
                 
                 into
                 the
                 Higher
                 Libya
                 :
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 he
                 rais'd
                 his
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 on
                 many
                 days
                 Journey
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 march'd
                 out
                 with
                 those
                 Forces
                 (
                 besides
                 others
                 )
                 which
                 were
                 sent
                 out
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 Tunis
                 a
                 second
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 recover'd
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 that
                 was
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 When
                 Couriers
                 came
                 from
                 Tunis
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 an
                 account
                 what
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 Agathocles
                 forthwith
                 return'd
                 :
                 Being
                 come
                 within
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Furlongs
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 he
                 Encamp'd
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 not
                 to
                 kindle
                 any
                 Fires
                 :
                 Then
                 making
                 a
                 sudden
                 March
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 about
                 spring
                 of
                 Day
                 he
                 fell
                 upon
                 those
                 as
                 were
                 Wasting
                 and
                 Harrassing
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 disorderly
                 roving
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 above
                 Two
                 thousand
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 many
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 Step
                 to
                 his
                 many
                 Successes
                 afterwards
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 being
                 reinforc'd
                 by
                 their
                 
                 Aids
                 from
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 strengthned
                 by
                 their
                 Confederates
                 in
                 Africa
                 ,
                 thought
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 too
                 strong
                 for
                 Agathocles
                 :
                 But
                 after
                 this
                 Misfortune
                 ,
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 were
                 quite
                 down
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 had
                 overcome
                 Elymas
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Libya
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 had
                 deserted
                 him
                 )
                 and
                 kill'd
                 likewise
                 the
                 General
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 stood
                 Affairs
                 in
                 
                 Sicily
                 and
                 Africa
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 
                   Macedonia
                   ,
                   Cassander
                
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 Autoleontes
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 †
                 Peonians
                 ,
                 
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 in
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Autariats
                 ,
                 and
                 rescu'd
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Streights
                 and
                 Dangers
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 transplanted
                 the
                 Autariats
                 together
                 with
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 then
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 them
                 near
                 the
                 Mountain
                 **
                 Orbitaus
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 he
                 was
                 thus
                 employ'd
                 ,
                 
                   Ptolemy
                   ,
                   Antigonus
                
                 his
                 General
                 in
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 *
                 intrusted
                 by
                 him
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 in
                 these
                 Parts
                 ,
                 (
                 took
                 a
                 Pique
                 against
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 thinking
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 rewarded
                 according
                 to
                 what
                 he
                 might
                 justly
                 expect
                 )
                 revolted
                 and
                 join'd
                 with
                 Cassander
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 left
                 one
                 Phaenix
                 ,
                 (
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Confederates
                 )
                 President
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 adjoining
                 to
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 over
                 some
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 wishing
                 him
                 to
                 take
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Castles
                 and
                 Cities
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 not
                 regard
                 any
                 Orders
                 that
                 came
                 from
                 Antigonus
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 was
                 generally
                 agreed
                 by
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Captains
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 part
                 of
                 their
                 Articles
                 among
                 themselves
                 )
                 that
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 should
                 be
                 all
                 restor'd
                 to
                 their
                 ancient
                 Liberties
                 .
                 Therefore
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 (
                 charging
                 Antigonus
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 put
                 Garisons
                 into
                 several
                 Greek
                 Towns
                 and
                 Cities
                 )
                 prepar'd
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 him
                 :
                 And
                 sent
                 Leonides
                 ,
                 a
                 Captain
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 into
                 
                   Cilicia
                   Aspera
                
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 certain
                 Cities
                 and
                 Places
                 belonging
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 ;
                 and
                 moreover
                 ,
                 sent
                 his
                 Agent
                 to
                 some
                 Cities
                 appertaining
                 to
                 Cassander
                 and
                 Lysimachus
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 follow
                 his
                 Advice
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 suffer
                 Antigonus
                 to
                 grow
                 too
                 fast
                 in
                 Power
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 as
                 for
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 his
                 younger
                 Son
                 Philip
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 Phaenix
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 others
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 revolted
                 from
                 him
                 in
                 Hellespont
                 ;
                 but
                 his
                 Son
                 Demetrius
                 he
                 sent
                 into
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 who
                 putting
                 in
                 Execution
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 in
                 Command
                 ,
                 routed
                 the
                 Captains
                 of
                 Ptolemy
                 that
                 were
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 recover'd
                 the
                 Cities
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 doing
                 ,
                 Polysperchon
                 ,
                 (
                 then
                 residing
                 in
                 Peloponnesus
                 )
                 still
                 affecting
                 
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Macedon
                 ,
                 cry'd
                 out
                 against
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 for
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 a
                 Son
                 of
                 *
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 (
                 begotten
                 upon
                 Barfine
                 )
                 out
                 of
                 Pergamus
                 ,
                 (
                 now
                 of
                 the
                 Age
                 of
                 Seventeen
                 years
                 )
                 and
                 sent
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 to
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 his
                 own
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 Enemies
                 to
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 to
                 help
                 to
                 set
                 this
                 young
                 Man
                 unto
                 his
                 Father's
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 He
                 sollicited
                 likewise
                 by
                 his
                 Letters
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 ,
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 present
                 Design
                 ;
                 promising
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 find
                 more
                 Grace
                 and
                 Favour
                 at
                 his
                 hands
                 than
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 before
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 would
                 help
                 him
                 to
                 restore
                 the
                 young
                 Lad
                 to
                 his
                 Father's
                 Throne
                 .
              
               
                 All
                 things
                 going
                 on
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Heart's
                 desire
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 complying
                 with
                 his
                 request
                 )
                 many
                 others
                 came
                 flocking
                 in
                 to
                 restore
                 the
                 New
                 King
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 got
                 together
                 above
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 And
                 
                 thus
                 setting
                 himself
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 might
                 to
                 the
                 Work
                 ,
                 he
                 rais'd
                 what
                 Money
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 some
                 to
                 sollicit
                 his
                 Friends
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Ptolemy
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 having
                 all
                 Cyprus
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 ,
                 and
                 finding
                 
                 that
                 Nicocles
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Paphos
                 ,
                 held
                 Correspondence
                 under-hand
                 with
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 sent
                 two
                 Confidents
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 Argaus
                 and
                 Callicrates
                 ,
                 with
                 Instructions
                 to
                 make
                 away
                 Nicocles
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 much
                 afraid
                 lest
                 some
                 others
                 also
                 should
                 fall
                 off
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 perceiv'd
                 many
                 others
                 had
                 done
                 before
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 ,
                 passing
                 into
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 with
                 them
                 a
                 certain
                 Number
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 from
                 Menelaus
                 ,
                 who
                 commanded
                 the
                 Army
                 there
                 ,
                 they
                 beset
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 Nicocles
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 telling
                 him
                 what
                 the
                 King's
                 Pleasure
                 was
                 ,
                 advis'd
                 him
                 to
                 dispose
                 of
                 himself
                 for
                 another
                 World.
                 He
                 at
                 first
                 went
                 to
                 clear
                 himself
                 of
                 what
                 was
                 laid
                 to
                 his
                 Charge
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 that
                 no
                 Man
                 hearkned
                 to
                 what
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 drew
                 his
                 Sword
                 and
                 slew
                 himself
                 .
                 Axiothea
                 his
                 Wife
                 ,
                 hearing
                 of
                 her
                 Husband's
                 Death
                 ,
                 took
                 her
                 Daughters
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 all
                 Young
                 and
                 Virgins
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 their
                 Throats
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 not
                 fall
                 into
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 hands
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 earnest
                 with
                 the
                 Wives
                 of
                 Nicocles
                 his
                 Brothers
                 to
                 accompany
                 her
                 in
                 her
                 own
                 Death
                 ;
                 whereas
                 Ptolemy
                 had
                 given
                 no
                 order
                 concerning
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 save
                 only
                 to
                 preserve
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 King's
                 Palace
                 therefore
                 thus
                 fill'd
                 with
                 the
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 Slaughters
                 and
                 dreadful
                 Spectacles
                 ,
                 so
                 affected
                 the
                 Brothers
                 of
                 Nicocles
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 shut
                 every
                 Man
                 his
                 own
                 Door
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 fire
                 on
                 their
                 Houses
                 ,
                 and
                 slew
                 themselves
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 whole
                 Race
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Paphos
                 came
                 to
                 a
                 Tragick
                 and
                 Lamentable
                 End.
                 Having
                 given
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 those
                 Affairs
                 we
                 before
                 promis'd
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 now
                 proceed
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 follow
                 next
                 in
                 order
                 .
              
               
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 in
                 *
                 Pontus
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Parysadas
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Cimmerian
                   Bosphorus
                
                 ,
                 his
                 Sons
                 
                   Eumelus
                   ,
                   Satyrus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Prytanis
                 ,
                 contended
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 for
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 :
                 Satyrus
                 ,
                 the
                 Eldest
                 was
                 appointed
                 Successor
                 by
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 who
                 reign'd
                 Eight
                 and
                 Thirty
                 Years
                 .
              
               
                 Eumelus
                 compacting
                 with
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Natives
                 adjoining
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 claim
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 against
                 his
                 Elder
                 Brother
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 Satyrus
                 being
                 inform'd
                 ,
                 went
                 against
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 passing
                 the
                 River
                 Thapsus
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 near
                 his
                 Camp
                 with
                 his
                 Carts
                 and
                 Wagons
                 ,
                 wherein
                 he
                 had
                 brought
                 an
                 infinite
                 quantity
                 of
                 Provision
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 ranging
                 afterwards
                 his
                 Army
                 in
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 (
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 Scythian
                 Kings
                 )
                 he
                 led
                 the
                 main
                 Battel
                 himself
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 not
                 in
                 his
                 Army
                 above
                 *
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 Thracians
                 ;
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 were
                 Scythians
                 ,
                 which
                 came
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 Eumelus
                 was
                 assisted
                 by
                 Ariophames
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 with
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 and
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot.
                 Between
                 these
                 Forces
                 a
                 bloody
                 Battel
                 was
                 fought
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Satyrus
                 (
                 who
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 a
                 choice
                 Party
                 of
                 brave
                 Horse
                 )
                 encountred
                 first
                 with
                 Ariopharnes
                 in
                 a
                 Skirmish
                 of
                 Horse
                 ;
                 who
                 likewise
                 commanded
                 the
                 middle
                 Battel
                 opposite
                 to
                 Satyrus
                 ;
                 many
                 fell
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ;
                 at
                 length
                 he
                 forc'd
                 his
                 way
                 through
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 the
                 Barbarian
                 King
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 the
                 first
                 in
                 the
                 pursuit
                 put
                 every
                 Man
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 that
                 was
                 in
                 his
                 way
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 heard
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Brother
                 Eumelus
                 in
                 the
                 right
                 Wing
                 ,
                 had
                 routed
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 off
                 the
                 Pursuit
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Succor
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 regain'd
                 the
                 day
                 ,
                 and
                 utterly
                 broke
                 and
                 routed
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 putting
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 flight
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 gave
                 a
                 clear
                 Testimony
                 that
                 he
                 justly
                 deserv'd
                 to
                 Wear
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 upon
                 the
                 Account
                 of
                 his
                 Valour
                 ,
                 as
                 upon
                 the
                 Privilege
                 of
                 his
                 Birth
                 .
              
               
                 Ariopharnes
                 and
                 Eumelus
                 thus
                 beaten
                 ,
                 fled
                 into
                 the
                 *
                 King's
                 Palace
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 inviron'd
                 with
                 the
                 River
                 Thasis
                 ,
                 of
                 an
                 exceeding
                 depth
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Place
                 was
                 of
                 difficult
                 approach
                 ;
                 it
                 was
                 surrounded
                 likewise
                 with
                 steep
                 Rocks
                 and
                 thick
                 Woods
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 there
                 were
                 only
                 two
                 Entrances
                 made
                 by
                 Art
                 :
                 One
                 leading
                 straight
                 to
                 the
                 Palace
                 ,
                 defended
                 with
                 high
                 Towers
                 and
                 Bulwarks
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 was
                 made
                 in
                 the
                 Fens
                 ,
                 guarded
                 with
                 Forts
                 and
                 Towers
                 of
                 Timber
                 ,
                 rais'd
                 upon
                 Pillars
                 over
                 the
                 Water
                 .
                 The
                 Place
                 being
                 very
                 strong
                 ,
                 Satyrus
                 first
                 wasted
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 burnt
                 their
                 Towns
                 ,
                 whence
                 he
                 carry'd
                 a
                 vast
                 Number
                 of
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 abundance
                 of
                 Spoil
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 attempted
                 to
                 force
                 his
                 way
                 through
                 the
                 Passes
                 ,
                 but
                 losing
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 at
                 the
                 Bulwarks
                 and
                 Towers
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 Retreat
                 .
                 But
                 making
                 an
                 Attack
                 upon
                 that
                 side
                 towards
                 the
                 Fenns
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 the
                 Timber-Forts
                 which
                 he
                 demolish'd
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 pass'd
                 the
                 River
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 fell
                 a
                 Wood
                 ,
                 through
                 which
                 he
                 must
                 needs
                 pass
                 to
                 the
                 Palace
                 ;
                 and
                 while
                 these
                 attempts
                 were
                 carrying
                 on
                 in
                 great
                 Earnestness
                 ,
                 King
                 Ariopharnes
                 fearing
                 lest
                 the
                 Castle
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 valiantly
                 fell
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 perceiving
                 there
                 were
                 no
                 hopes
                 of
                 safety
                 remaining
                 but
                 in
                 an
                 absolute
                 Victory
                 .
                 He
                 plac'd
                 likewise
                 Archers
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 the
                 Passage
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 he
                 sore
                 gall'd
                 the
                 Fellers
                 of
                 the
                 Wood
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 could
                 neither
                 see
                 the
                 Arrows
                 before
                 they
                 pierc'd
                 them
                 ,
                 nor
                 come
                 at
                 the
                 Archers
                 ,
                 nor
                 return
                 the
                 like
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 thick
                 and
                 close
                 standing
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 .
                 However
                 ,
                 Satyrus
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 continu'd
                 falling
                 the
                 Wood
                 ,
                 and
                 opening
                 a
                 Way
                 to
                 the
                 Palace
                 ,
                 for
                 three
                 Days
                 together
                 ,
                 though
                 with
                 great
                 Toil
                 and
                 Hazard
                 ;
                 the
                 Fourth
                 day
                 they
                 came
                 under
                 the
                 Wall.
                 But
                 being
                 worsted
                 through
                 showers
                 of
                 Arrows
                 and
                 straightness
                 of
                 the
                 Places
                 ,
                 they
                 sustain'd
                 very
                 great
                 loss
                 :
                 For
                 Meniscus
                 (
                 who
                 led
                 the
                 Mercenary
                 Companies
                 )
                 having
                 got
                 
                 in
                 at
                 a
                 Passage
                 (
                 though
                 he
                 Fought
                 very
                 manfully
                 )
                 was
                 nevertheless
                 (
                 being
                 over-laid
                 with
                 the
                 Multitude
                 within
                 )
                 forc'd
                 to
                 retreat
                 :
                 Whom
                 Satyrus
                 seeing
                 in
                 such
                 imminent
                 Danger
                 ,
                 came
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 with
                 seasonable
                 Relief
                 ,
                 and
                 bearing
                 up
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Charge
                 ,
                 was
                 run
                 through
                 the
                 Arm
                 with
                 a
                 Spear
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 so
                 sore
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 forc'd
                 him
                 to
                 retire
                 to
                 his
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 next
                 Night
                 died
                 of
                 the
                 Wound
                 ,
                 having
                 reign'd
                 scarce
                 nine
                 Months
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Parasydas
                 his
                 Father
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 Meniscus
                 ,
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 breaking
                 up
                 the
                 Siege
                 drew
                 off
                 the
                 Army
                 to
                 a
                 City
                 call'd
                 Gargaza
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 carry'd
                 the
                 King's
                 Body
                 down
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 to
                 a
                 City
                 call'd
                 Pantacapeum
                 ,
                 to
                 his
                 Brother
                 Prytanis
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 magnificently
                 bury'd
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 laid
                 up
                 the
                 Reliques
                 in
                 the
                 King's
                 Sepulchre
                 ,
                 went
                 presently
                 to
                 Gargaza
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 took
                 into
                 his
                 hands
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Kingdom
              
               
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 came
                 the
                 Agents
                 of
                 Eumelus
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 treat
                 concerning
                 the
                 parting
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 between
                 them
                 two
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 hearken
                 to
                 :
                 Leaving
                 therefore
                 a
                 strong
                 Garison
                 at
                 Gargara
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 to
                 Pantacapeum
                 ,
                 there
                 to
                 settle
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 But
                 a
                 while
                 after
                 ,
                 Eumelus
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 some
                 Babarians
                 ,
                 possess'd
                 himself
                 of
                 Gargara
                 ,
                 and
                 sundry
                 other
                 Towns
                 and
                 Castles
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 Prytanis
                 march'd
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 overthrown
                 in
                 a
                 Battel
                 by
                 his
                 Brother
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 shut
                 up
                 
                 within
                 a
                 Neck
                 of
                 Land
                 ,
                 near
                 the
                 Lough
                 of
                 Meotis
                 ,
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 render
                 himself
                 upon
                 
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 to
                 give
                 up
                 all
                 his
                 Army
                 and
                 depart
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
               
                 Nevertheless
                 ,
                 when
                 Prytanis
                 return'd
                 to
                 Pantacapeum
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Bosphorus
                 keep
                 the
                 standing
                 Court
                 ,
                 he
                 there
                 endeavour'd
                 again
                 to
                 recover
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 foil'd
                 there
                 again
                 ,
                 he
                 fled
                 to
                 a
                 Place
                 call'd
                 the
                 Gardens
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 there
                 slain
                 .
              
               
                 Eumelus
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 to
                 confirm
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 all
                 the
                 Friends
                 ,
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 of
                 both
                 his
                 Brothers
                 ,
                 Satyrus
                 and
                 Prytanis
                 ;
                 only
                 
                   Parisades
                   ,
                   Satyrus
                
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 being
                 but
                 a
                 very
                 Youth
                 ,
                 escap'd
                 his
                 Hands
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 the
                 
                 benefit
                 of
                 a
                 swift
                 Horse
                 he
                 got
                 away
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 Agarus
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Scythians
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 Eumelus
                 saw
                 that
                 the
                 People
                 repin'd
                 at
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 their
                 Friends
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 murder'd
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 them
                 all
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 excus'd
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 to
                 them
                 their
                 ancient
                 form
                 of
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 Citizens
                 of
                 Pantacapeum
                 their
                 former
                 Immunities
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 to
                 discharge
                 them
                 of
                 all
                 kind
                 of
                 Tributes
                 ,
                 sparing
                 for
                 no
                 fair
                 words
                 which
                 might
                 reconcile
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 ,
                 having
                 regain'd
                 their
                 good
                 Opinions
                 ,
                 he
                 held
                 a
                 just
                 and
                 moderate
                 Hand
                 over
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 grew
                 afterwards
                 into
                 no
                 small
                 admiration
                 for
                 all
                 kind
                 of
                 Virtue
                 among
                 them
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 omitted
                 not
                 to
                 oblige
                 the
                 Byzantians
                 and
                 Sinopians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Pontus
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 demonstrations
                 of
                 Kindness
                 imaginable
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 Collantians
                 were
                 besieg'd
                 by
                 Lysimachus
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 brought
                 to
                 great
                 distress
                 through
                 want
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 he
                 entertain'd
                 a
                 Thousand
                 of
                 them
                 who
                 left
                 the
                 Place
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Bread
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 only
                 granted
                 them
                 a
                 safe
                 Protection
                 ,
                 but
                 allotted
                 them
                 Habitations
                 within
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 divided
                 likewise
                 a
                 Place
                 
                 call'd
                 Psoa
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Territory
                 thereunto
                 belonging
                 ,
                 among
                 them
                 by
                 Lot.
                 And
                 for
                 the
                 Benefit
                 of
                 the
                 Merchants
                 that
                 Traded
                 to
                 Pontus
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Barbarous
                 piratical
                 Heniochians
                 ,
                 and
                 them
                 of
                 Taurus
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Acheans
                 ,
                 and
                 scowr'd
                 and
                 cleans'd
                 the
                 Seas
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 his
                 Name
                 was
                 advanc'd
                 to
                 the
                 Skies
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 Fruit
                 of
                 his
                 Generosity
                 )
                 not
                 only
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 but
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 over
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 Merchants
                 every
                 where
                 publish'd
                 the
                 Greatness
                 and
                 Braveness
                 of
                 his
                 Spirit
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 he
                 much
                 enlarg'd
                 his
                 Dominion
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 addition
                 of
                 a
                 considerable
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 Country
                 bordering
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 advanc'd
                 the
                 Fame
                 and
                 Reputation
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 above
                 whatever
                 it
                 was
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 conclusion
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 Design
                 to
                 have
                 brought
                 under
                 all
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 certainly
                 effected
                 in
                 short
                 time
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 so
                 design'd
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 been
                 prevented
                 by
                 Death
                 :
                 For
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 reign'd
                 five
                 Years
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 Months
                 ,
                 he
                 ended
                 his
                 days
                 by
                 a
                 sudden
                 and
                 unusual
                 Accident
                 :
                 For
                 returning
                 home
                 out
                 of
                 Scythia
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 desire
                 to
                 be
                 present
                 at
                 a
                 certain
                 Sacrifice
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 towards
                 his
                 Palace
                 in
                 a
                 *
                 Chariot
                 with
                 four
                 Horses
                 ,
                 cover'd
                 over
                 with
                 a
                 Canopy
                 ;
                 the
                 Horses
                 took
                 a
                 Fright
                 at
                 the
                 Canopy
                 ,
                 and
                 violently
                 ran
                 away
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 the
                 Coachman
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 stop
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 Carreer
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Eumelus
                 fearing
                 lest
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 born
                 away
                 headlong
                 down
                 some
                 steep
                 Rock
                 ,
                 threw
                 himself
                 out
                 ,
                 but
                 his
                 Sword
                 entangling
                 in
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Wheels
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 hurry'd
                 away
                 with
                 the
                 violent
                 Motion
                 of
                 the
                 Chariot
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 forthwith
                 .
              
               
                 It
                 's
                 reported
                 there
                 were
                 some
                 Predictions
                 concerning
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Eumelus
                 and
                 his
                 
                 Brother
                 Satyrus
                 ,
                 though
                 something
                 Foolish
                 and
                 Vain
                 ,
                 yet
                 credited
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Oracle
                 warn'd
                 Satyrus
                 to
                 be
                 aware
                 of
                 one
                 Musculus
                 ,
                 lest
                 he
                 should
                 kill
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 for
                 that
                 reason
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 any
                 of
                 that
                 name
                 ,
                 whether
                 Bond
                 or
                 Free
                 ,
                 to
                 abide
                 within
                 his
                 Dominions
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 he
                 was
                 afraid
                 both
                 of
                 House
                 and
                 Field
                 -
                 *
                 Mice
                 ,
                 and
                 continually
                 charg'd
                 the
                 Children
                 to
                 kill
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 stop
                 up
                 their
                 Holes
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 all
                 that
                 possibly
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 avoid
                 his
                 Fate
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 at
                 last
                 kill'd
                 by
                 a
                 Wound
                 in
                 the
                 Muscle
                 of
                 his
                 Arm.
                 And
                 as
                 for
                 Eumelus
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 charg'd
                 by
                 the
                 Oracle
                 to
                 take
                 heed
                 of
                 a
                 Moving
                 House
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 that
                 he
                 durst
                 not
                 go
                 into
                 his
                 House
                 before
                 his
                 Servants
                 had
                 made
                 a
                 diligent
                 Search
                 to
                 see
                 that
                 both
                 the
                 Roof
                 and
                 Foundation
                 were
                 sound
                 .
                 But
                 after
                 that
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 understand
                 that
                 the
                 Canopy
                 plac'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Chariot
                 was
                 the
                 Occasion
                 of
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 concluded
                 that
                 the
                 Prophecy
                 was
                 fulfill'd
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 shall
                 suffice
                 ,
                 concerning
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Bosphorus
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Italy
                 the
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 enter'd
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Samnites
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 routed
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 Battel
                 at
                 Talius
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 routed
                 Party
                 afterwards
                 possessing
                 themselves
                 of
                 an
                 Hill
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Night
                 drawing
                 on
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 retreated
                 to
                 their
                 Camp
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 next
                 day
                 the
                 Fight
                 was
                 renew'd
                 ,
                 and
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 the
                 Samnites
                 were
                 slain
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 Two
                 thousand
                 and
                 Two
                 hundred
                 were
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 .
                 The
                 Romans
                 being
                 thus
                 successful
                 ,
                 now
                 quietly
                 enjoy'd
                 whatever
                 they
                 had
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Field
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 under
                 all
                 the
                 revolting
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 Garisons
                 in
                 Cataracta
                 and
                 Ceraunia
                 ,
                 Places
                 they
                 had
                 taken
                 by
                 Assault
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 they
                 reduc'd
                 upon
                 Terms
                 and
                 Conditions
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 II.
                 
              
               
                 
                   
                     The
                     Acts
                     of
                  
                   Ptolemy
                   in
                   Cilicia
                   ,
                   
                     and
                     elsewhere
                  
                   .
                   Polysperchon
                   murders
                   Hercules
                   ,
                   Alexander
                   '
                   
                     s
                     Son
                     ,
                     by
                     Instigation
                     of
                  
                   Cassander
                   .
                   Amilcar
                   
                     taken
                     ,
                     and
                     put
                     to
                     Death
                     by
                     the
                  
                   Syracusians
                   .
                   
                     His
                     Head
                     sent
                     to
                  
                   Agathocles
                   in
                   Africa
                   .
                   
                     The
                     Transactions
                     in
                  
                   Sicily
                   .
                   Archagathus
                   Agathocles
                   '
                   
                     s
                     Son
                     ,
                     kills
                  
                   Lysiscus
                   ;
                   
                     he
                     and
                     his
                     Son
                     in
                     in
                     great
                     Danger
                     by
                     the
                     Army
                     .
                     Affairs
                     in
                  
                   Italy
                   .
                   
                     The
                     Works
                     of
                  
                   Appius
                   Claudius
                   ;
                   the
                   Appian
                   Way
                   .
                   Ptolemy
                   
                     comes
                     to
                  
                   Corinth
                   ;
                   
                     his
                     Acts
                     there
                  
                   .
                   Cleopatra
                   ,
                   Alexander
                   '
                   
                     s
                     Sister
                     ,
                     kill'd
                     by
                     the
                     Governor
                     of
                  
                   Sardis
                   .
                   
                     The
                     further
                     Acts
                     of
                  
                   Agathocles
                   in
                   Africa
                   .
                   Ophellas
                   
                     decoy'd
                     ,
                     and
                     cut
                     off
                     by
                  
                   Agathocles
                   .
                   Ophellas
                   
                     his
                     troublesome
                     March
                     to
                  
                   Agathocles
                   .
                   Lamias
                   '
                   
                     s
                     Cruelty
                     ,
                     and
                     the
                     Story
                     of
                     her
                     .
                  
                   Bomilcar
                   
                     seeks
                     to
                     be
                     Prince
                     of
                  
                   Carthage
                   ,
                   
                     but
                     is
                     put
                     to
                     Death
                     by
                     the
                     Citizens
                     .
                  
                   Agathocles
                   
                     sends
                     the
                     Spoils
                     of
                     the
                  
                   Cyrenians
                   to
                   Syracuse
                   ;
                   
                     most
                     lost
                     in
                     a
                     Storm
                     ,
                     Affairs
                     in
                  
                   Italy
                   .
                
              
               
                 WHen
                 
                   Demetrius
                   Phalerius
                
                 was
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 of
                 
                   Athens
                   ,
                   Quintus
                   Fabius
                
                 (
                 the
                 second
                 
                 time
                 )
                 and
                 
                   Caius
                   Martius
                
                 were
                 invested
                 with
                 the
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 Ptolemy
                 King
                 of
                 Egypt
                 hearing
                 that
                 his
                 Captains
                 had
                 lost
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 again
                 in
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 put
                 over
                 with
                 his
                 Fleet
                 to
                 Phaselis
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 that
                 City
                 by
                 Force
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 
                 passing
                 into
                 Lycia
                 ,
                 took
                 Xanthus
                 by
                 Assault
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Garison
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 that
                 was
                 therein
                 .
                 Then
                 sailing
                 to
                 Caunus
                 ,
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 by
                 Surrender
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Citadels
                 and
                 Forts
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 them
                 by
                 Assaults
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 Heracleum
                 ,
                 he
                 utterly
                 destroy'd
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 City
                 Persicum
                 came
                 into
                 his
                 Hands
                 by
                 the
                 Surrender
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 were
                 put
                 to
                 keep
                 it
                 .
                 Then
                 sailing
                 to
                 Coos
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 for
                 Ptolemy
                 the
                 Captain
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 Brother's
                 Son
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 an
                 Army
                 committed
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 Antigonus
                 :
                 But
                 now
                 forsaking
                 his
                 Uncle
                 ,
                 he
                 clave
                 to
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 and
                 join'd
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 Affairs
                 .
                 Putting
                 therefore
                 from
                 Cholcis
                 ,
                 and
                 arriving
                 at
                 
                   Coos
                   ,
                   Ptolemy
                
                 the
                 King
                 at
                 first
                 receiv'd
                 him
                 very
                 courteously
                 ;
                 yet
                 after
                 a
                 while
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 the
                 Insolency
                 of
                 his
                 Carriage
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 allure
                 the
                 Officers
                 by
                 Gifts
                 ,
                 and
                 held
                 secret
                 Cabals
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 worst
                 he
                 clap'd
                 him
                 up
                 in
                 Prison
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 poison'd
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 Draught
                 of
                 Hemlock
                 :
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 came
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 them
                 his
                 own
                 by
                 large
                 Promises
                 ,
                 and
                 distributed
                 them
                 by
                 small
                 Parcels
                 among
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 Whilst
                 these
                 Things
                 were
                 acting
                 ,
                 Polysperchon
                 having
                 rais'd
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 restor'd
                 Hercules
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 begotten
                 upon
                 Barsinoe
                 ,
                 to
                 his
                 Father's
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 And
                 while
                 he
                 lay
                 encamp'd
                 at
                 
                   Stymphalia
                   ,
                   Cassander
                
                 came
                 up
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 encamp'd
                 near
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 :
                 Neither
                 did
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 grudge
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 Restoration
                 of
                 their
                 King.
                 
              
               
                 Cassander
                 therefore
                 fearing
                 ,
                 lest
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 (
                 who
                 are
                 naturally
                 Inconstant
                 )
                 should
                 Revolt
                 to
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 sent
                 an
                 Agent
                 to
                 Polysperchon
                 ,
                 chiefly
                 to
                 advise
                 him
                 concerning
                 the
                 Business
                 
                 of
                 the
                 King.
                 If
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 restor'd
                 ,
                 he
                 told
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 must
                 be
                 sure
                 to
                 be
                 under
                 the
                 Commands
                 of
                 others
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 assist
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 kill
                 the
                 young
                 Man
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 enjoy
                 the
                 same
                 Privileges
                 and
                 Honours
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 that
                 ever
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 have
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 an
                 Army
                 ;
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 declar'd
                 Generalissimo
                 of
                 Peloponnesus
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 share
                 in
                 the
                 Principality
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 in
                 equal
                 Honour
                 with
                 Cassander
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 he
                 so
                 caught
                 and
                 ensnar'd
                 Polysperchon
                 with
                 many
                 large
                 Promises
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 secret
                 Combination
                 ,
                 and
                 Polysperchon
                 undertook
                 to
                 murder
                 the
                 young
                 King
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 accordingly
                 effected
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 Polysperchon
                 openly
                 
                 join'd
                 with
                 Cassander
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 Concerns
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 advanced
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Compact
                 )
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Macedonian
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Thessalian
                 Horse
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 listed
                 several
                 other
                 Voluntiers
                 ,
                 he
                 attempted
                 to
                 pass
                 through
                 Boeotia
                 into
                 Peloponnesus
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 oppos'd
                 by
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 and
                 the
                 Peloponnesians
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 retire
                 ,
                 and
                 march
                 into
                 Locris
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 took
                 up
                 his
                 Winter-Quarters
                 .
              
               
                 During
                 these
                 Transactions
                 ,
                 Lysimachus
                 built
                 a
                 City
                 in
                 Chersonesus
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 it
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 ,
                 
                   Lysimachia
                   .
                   Cleomenes
                
                 King
                 of
                 Lacedaemon
                 now
                 dy'd
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 reign'd
                 Threescore
                 Years
                 and
                 Ten
                 Months
                 ;
                 and
                 was
                 succeeded
                 by
                 Aretas
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 who
                 Rul'd
                 
                 Forty
                 Four
                 Years
                 .
              
               
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Amilcar
                 ,
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Forces
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 having
                 reduc'd
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 that
                 
                 Island
                 ,
                 marches
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 presently
                 gain
                 that
                 City
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 hindred
                 all
                 Provision
                 from
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 having
                 been
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 Master
                 at
                 Sea
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 wasted
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 all
                 the
                 Corn
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 attempted
                 to
                 possess
                 himself
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Places
                 about
                 *
                 Olympias
                 lying
                 before
                 the
                 Town
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 forthwith
                 to
                 assault
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 being
                 incourag'd
                 thereunto
                 by
                 the
                 Augur
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 viewing
                 of
                 the
                 Intrals
                 of
                 the
                 Sacrifice
                 ,
                 foretold
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 certainly
                 sup
                 the
                 next
                 day
                 in
                 Syracuse
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Townsmen
                 smelling
                 out
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Design
                 ,
                 sent
                 out
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 about
                 Four
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 possess
                 themselves
                 of
                 *
                 Euryclus
                 ,
                 who
                 presently
                 effected
                 what
                 they
                 were
                 commanded
                 to
                 do
                 .
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 thinking
                 to
                 surprize
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 fell
                 on
                 about
                 midnight
                 .
                 Amilcar
                 commanded
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 led
                 them
                 up
                 ,
                 having
                 always
                 a
                 strong
                 Party
                 near
                 to
                 support
                 him
                 .
                 Dinocrates
                 ,
                 Master
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 follow'd
                 him
                 .
                 The
                 Army
                 was
                 divided
                 into
                 two
                 Battalions
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 of
                 Grecian
                 Confederates
                 .
                 A
                 Rabble
                 likewise
                 of
                 divers
                 other
                 Nations
                 follow'd
                 ,
                 to
                 get
                 what
                 Plunder
                 they
                 could
                 ;
                 which
                 sort
                 of
                 People
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 of
                 no
                 use
                 in
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 so
                 they
                 are
                 many
                 times
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 sudden
                 Alarms
                 ,
                 and
                 vain
                 and
                 needless
                 Fears
                 ,
                 which
                 often
                 occasions
                 great
                 Mischief
                 and
                 Prejudice
                 .
                 And
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 the
                 Passes
                 being
                 strait
                 and
                 rough
                 ,
                 the
                 Drivers
                 of
                 the
                 Carriages
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Servants
                 and
                 Attendants
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 that
                 were
                 not
                 of
                 any
                 
                 form'd
                 Companies
                 ,
                 quarrell'd
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 for
                 the
                 Way
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 move
                 forward
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Throng
                 ,
                 some
                 fell
                 to
                 down-right
                 Blows
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 many
                 on
                 each
                 side
                 coming
                 in
                 to
                 help
                 their
                 several
                 Parties
                 ,
                 a
                 great
                 Tumult
                 ,
                 Noise
                 and
                 Clamour
                 ,
                 ran
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 posted
                 at
                 Euryclus
                 ,
                 understanding
                 the
                 approach
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 by
                 their
                 tumultuous
                 March
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 the
                 higher
                 Ground
                 ,
                 fell
                 in
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Some
                 from
                 the
                 high
                 Places
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 posted
                 ,
                 gall'd
                 them
                 as
                 they
                 came
                 on
                 with
                 their
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 prevented
                 them
                 by
                 gaining
                 the
                 necessary
                 Passes
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 block'd
                 up
                 their
                 Way
                 .
                 Others
                 drave
                 those
                 that
                 fled
                 Headlong
                 down
                 the
                 Rocks
                 ;
                 for
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Darkness
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 want
                 of
                 Intelligence
                 ,
                 they
                 thought
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 coming
                 upon
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 mighty
                 Army
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Disturbance
                 and
                 Tumult
                 amongst
                 their
                 own
                 Men
                 ,
                 *
                 their
                 Ignorance
                 of
                 the
                 Ways
                 ,
                 and
                 straitness
                 of
                 the
                 Passages
                 ,
                 were
                 at
                 a
                 stand
                 ,
                 and
                 confounded
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 fled
                 outright
                 :
                 And
                 because
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 room
                 to
                 give
                 way
                 ,
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 trodden
                 under
                 Foot
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Horse
                 ;
                 and
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 fought
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 led
                 into
                 the
                 Error
                 by
                 the
                 Darkness
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 .
                 Amilcar
                 indeed
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Charge
                 with
                 great
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 Colonels
                 and
                 Commanders
                 to
                 stand
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 valiantly
                 bear
                 the
                 Brunt
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 But
                 afterwards
                 being
                 deserted
                 by
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 Consternation
                 that
                 was
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 (
                 having
                 much
                 ado
                 to
                 save
                 his
                 Life
                 )
                 
                 he
                 fell
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
              
               
                 Here
                 a
                 Man
                 may
                 justly
                 observe
                 the
                 Inconstancy
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 surprizing
                 Events
                 Men
                 are
                 overtaken
                 with
                 ,
                 contrary
                 to
                 what
                 they
                 expected
                 .
                 For
                 Agathocles
                 not
                 inferiour
                 to
                 any
                 for
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 had
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 in
                 the
                 Battel
                 at
                 Himera
                 ,
                 was
                 not
                 only
                 beaten
                 by
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 but
                 lost
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 But
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 ,
                 and
                 penn'd
                 up
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 small
                 handful
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 before
                 beaten
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 routed
                 the
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 they
                 were
                 besieg'd
                 ,
                 but
                 took
                 Amilcar
                 the
                 General
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 noblest
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 of
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 Prisoner
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 most
                 to
                 be
                 admir'd
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 small
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 by
                 an
                 Ambuscado
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 should
                 utterly
                 rout
                 
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 it
                 's
                 very
                 true
                 what
                 's
                 in
                 every
                 Body's
                 Mouth
                 ,
                 
                   Many
                   things
                   are
                   vain
                   and
                   to
                   no
                   purpose
                   in
                
                 
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 Flight
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 scatter'd
                 and
                 dispers'd
                 far
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 scarce
                 got
                 together
                 the
                 next
                 day
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 returning
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 much
                 Spoil
                 ,
                 deliver'd
                 Amilcar
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 revenge
                 themselves
                 of
                 him
                 :
                 They
                 remembred
                 what
                 was
                 foretold
                 by
                 the
                 Augur
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 Sup
                 in
                 Syracuse
                 the
                 next
                 day
                 ;
                 the
                 Truth
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Deity
                 now
                 confirm'd
                 by
                 the
                 Event
                 .
                 The
                 Kindred
                 therefore
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 slain
                 ,
                 led
                 Amilcar
                 bound
                 through
                 all
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 most
                 horridly
                 tormented
                 him
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 him
                 with
                 the
                 greatest
                 Scorn
                 and
                 Contempt
                 imaginable
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 principal
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 sent
                 his
                 Head
                 to
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Express
                 
                 to
                 give
                 him
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 late
                 Victory
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 the
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 after
                 their
                 Defeat
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 understand
                 what
                 was
                 the
                 Cause
                 of
                 such
                 great
                 Calamities
                 and
                 Misfortunes
                 ,
                 yet
                 were
                 scarce
                 after
                 all
                 
                 
                 freed
                 from
                 their
                 Fears
                 :
                 And
                 because
                 they
                 wanted
                 a
                 General
                 ,
                 Quarrels
                 arose
                 between
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 and
                 the
                 Grecians
                 .
                 The
                 Exiles
                 therefore
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 made
                 Dinocrates
                 General
                 over
                 themselves
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 intrusted
                 the
                 supream
                 Command
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 next
                 in
                 Dignity
                 to
                 the
                 late
                 General
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 
                 perceiv'd
                 that
                 Sicily
                 was
                 now
                 in
                 that
                 Condition
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 easily
                 gain'd
                 ,
                 they
                 began
                 to
                 seek
                 after
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 themselves
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 suppos'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 deal
                 with
                 Agathocles
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Dinocrates
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 none
                 but
                 a
                 company
                 of
                 Fugitives
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 might
                 be
                 easily
                 vanquish'd
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 grievously
                 press'd
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Provisions
                 ,
                 would
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 attempt
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Command
                 .
                 And
                 lastly
                 ,
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 of
                 greatest
                 weight
                 was
                 ,
                 That
                 inasmuch
                 as
                 they
                 took
                 up
                 Arms
                 to
                 free
                 all
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 ,
                 they
                 concluded
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 would
                 readily
                 concur
                 ,
                 both
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Hatred
                 they
                 bore
                 against
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Natural
                 Love
                 and
                 Regard
                 they
                 all
                 had
                 to
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 .
                 They
                 created
                 therefore
                 Xenodicus
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 him
                 forth
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Army
                 ,
                 who
                 forthwith
                 makes
                 to
                 Gela
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Friends
                 ,
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 let
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 gain'd
                 both
                 the
                 Town
                 more
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 at
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 .
                 The
                 Geloans
                 having
                 thus
                 
                 recover'd
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 join'd
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 whole
                 Strength
                 and
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 readily
                 put
                 to
                 their
                 helping
                 Hands
                 for
                 the
                 restoring
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 to
                 their
                 ancient
                 Laws
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Attempt
                 of
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 being
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 throughout
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 ,
                 a
                 sudden
                 itch
                 of
                 Liberty
                 spread
                 over
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 :
                 And
                 first
                 ,
                 the
                 Enneans
                 sent
                 Agents
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 their
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 ,
                 who
                 freeing
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 march'd
                 on
                 to
                 Erbessus
                 ,
                 a
                 Garison
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 :
                 Here
                 was
                 a
                 sharp
                 Engagement
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Citizens
                 coming
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 ,
                 the
                 Garison
                 was
                 expuls'd
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 laid
                 down
                 their
                 Arms
                 and
                 gave
                 up
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 were
                 busi'd
                 in
                 these
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 in
                 Syracuse
                 having
                 taken
                 Echetla
                 ,
                 wasted
                 and
                 harrass'd
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Leontines
                 and
                 Camareans
                 .
                 This
                 Calamity
                 grievously
                 afflicted
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Country
                 was
                 laid
                 wast
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Corn
                 and
                 Fruits
                 destroy'd
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 Xenodicus
                 the
                 General
                 march'd
                 into
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 and
                 drave
                 the
                 Enemy
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Leontines
                 and
                 Camarenians
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 retaking
                 Echetla
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 strong
                 Fort
                 ,
                 he
                 restor'd
                 the
                 Democratical
                 Government
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 struck
                 a
                 Terror
                 into
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 several
                 Garisons
                 and
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 freed
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Government
                 .
                 
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 being
                 in
                 great
                 Straits
                 and
                 Perplexity
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 
                 when
                 they
                 understood
                 that
                 some
                 Ships
                 were
                 coming
                 with
                 Corn
                 ,
                 fitted
                 out
                 Twenty
                 Gallies
                 ;
                 and
                 understanding
                 that
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 kept
                 but
                 a
                 slight
                 Guard
                 where
                 they
                 lay
                 ,
                 they
                 slipt
                 by
                 undiscern'd
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Megareans
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 waited
                 for
                 the
                 
                 Merchants
                 .
                 But
                 Thirty
                 Carthaginian
                 Gallies
                 making
                 up
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 prepar'd
                 themselves
                 at
                 first
                 to
                 fight
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 presently
                 driven
                 ashore
                 ,
                 they
                 left
                 their
                 Ships
                 and
                 swam
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 escap'd
                 to
                 a
                 certain
                 Temple
                 of
                 Juno
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 sharp
                 Dispute
                 about
                 the
                 Ships
                 ;
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 threw
                 in
                 Grappling-Irons
                 ,
                 and
                 hal'd
                 them
                 with
                 Force
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 took
                 Ten
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 were
                 sav'd
                 by
                 some
                 Help
                 that
                 came
                 in
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 Condition
                 of
                 Sicily
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Africa
                 ,
                 after
                 that
                 they
                 who
                 brought
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 Amilcar
                 were
                 arriv'd
                 there
                 ;
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 it
                 ,
                 rid
                 up
                 so
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Camp
                 as
                 that
                 his
                 Voice
                 might
                 be
                 heard
                 ,
                 and
                 shewing
                 them
                 the
                 Head
                 ,
                 told
                 them
                 how
                 all
                 their
                 Forces
                 in
                 Sicily
                 were
                 destroy'd
                 ,
                 which
                 presently
                 caus'd
                 most
                 bitter
                 Mourning
                 and
                 Lamentation
                 among
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 who
                 bowed
                 down
                 themselves
                 in
                 Adoration
                 of
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 their
                 King
                 ,
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Custom
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 looking
                 upon
                 his
                 Death
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 own
                 Calamity
                 ,
                 had
                 no
                 Hearts
                 further
                 to
                 prosecute
                 the
                 War.
                 Agathocles
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 (
                 lifted
                 up
                 with
                 his
                 Successes
                 in
                 Africa
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 such
                 Confluence
                 of
                 Prosperity
                 ,
                 )
                 bore
                 himself
                 high
                 in
                 mighty
                 Hopes
                 and
                 Expectations
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 now
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 reach
                 of
                 all
                 Dangers
                 .
                 But
                 Fortune
                 did
                 not
                 think
                 it
                 fit
                 to
                 suffer
                 Things
                 to
                 run
                 on
                 
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 course
                 of
                 Prosperity
                 ,
                 but
                 brought
                 him
                 under
                 most
                 imminent
                 Hazards
                 and
                 Difficulties
                 from
                 his
                 own
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 For
                 one
                 Lysiscus
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Colonels
                 ,
                 being
                 invited
                 by
                 Agathocles
                 to
                 Supper
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 heated
                 with
                 Wine
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 his
                 Cups
                 fell
                 a
                 railing
                 against
                 him
                 with
                 most
                 bitter
                 Imprecations
                 .
                 But
                 〈◊〉
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 Esteem
                 for
                 the
                 Man
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 Valour
                 ,
                 pass'd
                 by
                 all
                 with
                 a
                 left
                 :
                 But
                 Archagathus
                 his
                 Son
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 being
                 enrag'd
                 at
                 him
                 ,
                 ●●torted
                 upon
                 him
                 with
                 bitter
                 Reproaches
                 and
                 Threats
                 .
                 When
                 Supper
                 was
                 ended
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 was
                 return'd
                 to
                 his
                 Tent
                 ,
                 Lysiscus
                 
                 contemptuously
                 charg'd
                 Archagathus
                 as
                 an
                 incestuous
                 Adulterer
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Step-mother
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 judg'd
                 to
                 be
                 too
                 familiar
                 with
                 Alcia
                 ,
                 his
                 Father's
                 Wife
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 *
                 Archagathus
                 ,
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 to
                 a
                 higher
                 degree
                 of
                 Madness
                 and
                 Rage
                 ,
                 snatch'd
                 a
                 Lance
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Guard
                 and
                 ran
                 him
                 through
                 the
                 Side
                 ,
                 who
                 falling
                 down
                 dead
                 ,
                 immediately
                 was
                 carry'd
                 into
                 his
                 Tent
                 by
                 those
                 that
                 attended
                 him
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 day
                 ,
                 the
                 Friends
                 of
                 him
                 that
                 was
                 slain
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 others
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 ran
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 inrag'd
                 at
                 the
                 Fact
                 that
                 was
                 committed
                 )
                 fill'd
                 the
                 Camp
                 with
                 Tumult
                 and
                 Confusion
                 .
                 Many
                 likewise
                 of
                 the
                 Captains
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 subject
                 to
                 be
                 call'd
                 in
                 Question
                 for
                 their
                 Crimes
                 ,
                 fearing
                 what
                 might
                 ensue
                 ,
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 Occasion
                 ,
                 and
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 a
                 terrible
                 Mutiny
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 inflam'd
                 with
                 the
                 Hatred
                 of
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 ran
                 to
                 their
                 Arms
                 to
                 execute
                 condign
                 Punishment
                 upon
                 the
                 Murderer
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 they
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 put
                 Archagathus
                 to
                 Death
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 if
                 Agathocles
                 did
                 not
                 deliver
                 up
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 Die
                 in
                 his
                 Room
                 :
                 Besides
                 ,
                 they
                 demanded
                 of
                 him
                 their
                 Arrears
                 ,
                 and
                 chose
                 new
                 Officers
                 and
                 Captains
                 to
                 Command
                 the
                 Army
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 they
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 Tunis
                 ,
                 and
                 hemm'd
                 in
                 the
                 Princes
                 round
                 with
                 their
                 
                 Guards
                 .
                 This
                 Mutiny
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 Ears
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 sent
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Men
                 ,
                 to
                 persuade
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 a
                 Revolt
                 ,
                 promising
                 them
                 larger
                 Pay
                 ,
                 and
                 ample
                 Rewards
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Captains
                 promis'd
                 to
                 bring
                 over
                 the
                 Army
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 utmost
                 extremity
                 of
                 Danger
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 fearing
                 lest
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 given
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 end
                 his
                 Days
                 with
                 Disgrace
                 and
                 Dishonour
                 ,
                 concluded
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 much
                 better
                 if
                 he
                 must
                 Suffer
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 kill'd
                 by
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 he
                 laid
                 aside
                 his
                 Purple
                 Robe
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 on
                 a
                 poor
                 Country-fellow's
                 Habit
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 strange
                 Sight
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 deep
                 Silence
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 came
                 in
                 from
                 every
                 Quarter
                 flocking
                 about
                 him
                 ;
                 where
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 Speech
                 to
                 them
                 fitted
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 Occasion
                 ,
                 wherein
                 he
                 set
                 forth
                 the
                 Acts
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 to
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 told
                 them
                 ,
                 He
                 was
                 now
                 ready
                 to
                 Die
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 (
                 his
                 Fellow-Soldiers
                 )
                 thought
                 fit
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 so
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 resolv'd
                 never
                 (
                 like
                 a
                 Coward
                 )
                 to
                 make
                 exchange
                 of
                 his
                 Honour
                 for
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 (
                 he
                 said
                 )
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 then
                 Eye-witnesses
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 drew
                 out
                 his
                 Sword
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 run
                 himself
                 through
                 :
                 And
                 just
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 ready
                 to
                 thrust
                 it
                 into
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 call'd
                 out
                 aloud
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 Forbear
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 gave
                 their
                 Voices
                 generally
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 Acquitted
                 and
                 Discharg'd
                 from
                 all
                 further
                 Accusation
                 .
                 The
                 Soldiers
                 then
                 wishing
                 him
                 to
                 put
                 on
                 his
                 Royal
                 Robes
                 ,
                 he
                 
                 return'd
                 them
                 many
                 Thanks
                 ,
                 shedding
                 many
                 Tears
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 Cloath's
                 himself
                 again
                 as
                 became
                 his
                 State
                 and
                 Dignity
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 People
                 with
                 chearful
                 Countenances
                 congratulated
                 the
                 Reassumption
                 of
                 his
                 former
                 Power
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 expected
                 every
                 hour
                 that
                 the
                 Greeks
                 would
                 come
                 over
                 to
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 not
                 lose
                 the
                 Advantage
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 Occasion
                 ,
                 led
                 the
                 Army
                 out
                 against
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 expecting
                 continually
                 a
                 Revolt
                 and
                 a
                 Desertion
                 from
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Camp
                 ,
                 never
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 dream'd
                 of
                 what
                 was
                 really
                 in
                 Agitation
                 .
                 But
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 approach'd
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Camp
                 ,
                 presently
                 commanded
                 his
                 Men
                 to
                 sound
                 a
                 Charge
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 forthwith
                 fell
                 in
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 hew'd
                 them
                 down
                 before
                 him
                 .
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 being
                 surpriz'd
                 by
                 this
                 sudden
                 Attack
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Loss
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Men
                 ,
                 fled
                 to
                 their
                 Camp.
                 And
                 thus
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 near
                 losing
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 through
                 the
                 Rashness
                 of
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Valour
                 not
                 only
                 extricated
                 himself
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Snare
                 ,
                 but
                 utterly
                 routed
                 his
                 Enemies
                 :
                 But
                 they
                 who
                 were
                 the
                 Heads
                 and
                 Ringleaders
                 of
                 the
                 Mutiny
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 others
                 as
                 bore
                 a
                 Grudge
                 to
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 Two
                 hundred
                 and
                 upwards
                 ,
                 vilely
                 deserted
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 over
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 now
                 gone
                 through
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Africa
                 and
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 next
                 take
                 notice
                 of
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 in
                 Italy
                 .
                 For
                 there
                 the
                 Hetruscans
                 came
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 against
                 Sutrium
                 ,
                 a
                 Roman
                 Colony
                 :
                 To
                 whose
                 Defence
                 the
                 Consuls
                 march'd
                 out
                 with
                 great
                 Forces
                 
                 and
                 fought
                 and
                 routed
                 the
                 Hetruscans
                 ,
                 and
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 very
                 Camp.
                 About
                 '
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 the
                 Samnites
                 (
                 when
                 the
                 Roman
                 Army
                 was
                 abroad
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 fear
                 of
                 an
                 Enemy
                 )
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 Japyges
                 ,
                 Allies
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 :
                 Therefore
                 the
                 Consuls
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 divide
                 their
                 Forces
                 .
                 Fabius
                 continu'd
                 in
                 Hetruria
                 ;
                 but
                 Marcius
                 march'd
                 against
                 the
                 Samnites
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Allita
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 freed
                 their
                 Allies
                 from
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 Japyges
                 .
                 But
                 Fabius
                 ,
                 while
                 the
                 Hetrurians
                 flock'd
                 in
                 great
                 multitudes
                 to
                 besiege
                 Sutrium
                 ,
                 slipt
                 secretly
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 through
                 the
                 bordering
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 an
                 Incursion
                 into
                 the
                 Higher
                 Hetruria
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 been
                 free
                 from
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Inroads
                 and
                 Invasions
                 ;
                 where
                 breaking
                 in
                 upon
                 the
                 sudden
                 ,
                 he
                 wasted
                 and
                 harass'd
                 the
                 Country
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 routed
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 that
                 made
                 head
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Prisoners
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 
                 overcame
                 and
                 kill'd
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 another
                 Battel
                 at
                 a
                 Place
                 call'd
                 Perusia
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 that
                 People
                 into
                 a
                 great
                 Consternation
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 that
                 ever
                 enter'd
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 into
                 those
                 Parts
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Arretines
                 and
                 Crotoneans
                 ,
                 and
                 them
                 of
                 Perusina
                 ;
                 and
                 taking
                 the
                 City
                 call'd
                 Castula
                 ,
                 he
                 forc'd
                 the
                 Hetrurians
                 to
                 raise
                 their
                 Siege
                 before
                 Sutrium
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Year
                 there
                 were
                 two
                 Censors
                 created
                 at
                 Rome
                 ;
                 the
                 one
                 of
                 whom
                 was
                 
                   Appius
                   Claudius
                
                 ,
                 who
                 with
                 the
                 concurrence
                 of
                 his
                 Collegue
                 ,
                 
                   Caius
                   Plautius
                
                 ,
                 abrogated
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 ancient
                 Laws
                 :
                 For
                 to
                 gratifie
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 no
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 .
                 He
                 brought
                 Water
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 from
                 him
                 call'd
                 Appia
                 )
                 into
                 Rome
                 from
                 Places
                 *
                 fourscore
                 Furlongs
                 distant
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 expended
                 a
                 vast
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 in
                 this
                 Work
                 ,
                 receiv'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Treasury
                 by
                 Consent
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 laid
                 a
                 Causey
                 of
                 hard
                 Stone
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 that
                 way
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 from
                 him
                 call'd
                 Appia
                 ,
                 extending
                 from
                 Rome
                 to
                 Capua
                 ,
                 a
                 *
                 Thousand
                 Furlongs
                 
                 and
                 upwards
                 ;
                 and
                 with
                 great
                 Costs
                 and
                 Expence
                 levell'd
                 all
                 the
                 rising
                 Grounds
                 ,
                 and
                 fill'd
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 Holes
                 and
                 hollow
                 Places
                 ,
                 making
                 all
                 even
                 and
                 plain
                 ;
                 but
                 hereby
                 drain'd
                 the
                 Treasury
                 almost
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Money
                 that
                 was
                 in
                 it
                 .
                 And
                 by
                 this
                 his
                 laying
                 out
                 of
                 himself
                 in
                 promoting
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 behind
                 him
                 an
                 immortal
                 Memorial
                 .
                 He
                 also
                 made
                 up
                 the
                 Senate
                 not
                 only
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 ancient
                 Custom
                 was
                 )
                 but
                 likewise
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 Libertines
                 ,
                 by
                 chusing
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 mixing
                 them
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Patritians
                 took
                 very
                 heinously
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 liberty
                 to
                 the
                 Citizens
                 to
                 incorporate
                 themselves
                 into
                 what
                 Tribe
                 they
                 thought
                 fit
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 tax'd
                 in
                 what
                 Rank
                 soever
                 they
                 pleas'd
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 perceiving
                 how
                 greatly
                 he
                 was
                 envy'd
                 by
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 he
                 avoided
                 the
                 Storm
                 by
                 insinuating
                 himself
                 into
                 the
                 favour
                 of
                 the
                 Common
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 as
                 a
                 Bulwark
                 against
                 the
                 Envy
                 of
                 the
                 Patricians
                 .
                 In
                 must
                 '
                 ring
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 he
                 never
                 took
                 any
                 Mans
                 Horse
                 from
                 him
                 ;
                 neither
                 ever
                 remov'd
                 any
                 Person
                 never
                 so
                 mean
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 (
                 that
                 was
                 once
                 chosen
                 )
                 when
                 he
                 took
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Senators
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Censors
                 us'd
                 to
                 do
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 both
                 out
                 of
                 Envy
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 gratifie
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 conven'd
                 a
                 Senate
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 inroll'd
                 by
                 the
                 former
                 Censors
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 allow'd
                 by
                 him
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 People
                 oppos'd
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 sided
                 with
                 Appius
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 confirm
                 the
                 Advancement
                 of
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 but
                 of
                 mean
                 and
                 obscure
                 Birth
                 ,
                 he
                 preferr'd
                 one
                 
                   Cains
                   Flavius
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 a
                 Libertine
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Aedilis
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 the
                 highest
                 Place
                 in
                 that
                 Office.
                 And
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 Roman
                 born
                 of
                 a
                 Libertine
                 ,
                 that
                 ever
                 before
                 was
                 advanc'd
                 to
                 that
                 Honourable
                 Station
                 .
                 Appius
                 at
                 length
                 being
                 remov'd
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Office
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Senate's
                 Malice
                 ,
                 kept
                 his
                 House
                 ,
                 under
                 pretence
                 of
                 being
                 blind
                 .
              
               
                 Now
                 Charinus
                 was
                 Chief
                 Governor
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Romans
                 created
                 
                   Publius
                   Decius
                
                 and
                 
                 
                   Quintus
                   Fabius
                
                 Consuls
                 .
                 And
                 at
                 Elis
                 was
                 celebrated
                 the
                 Hundred
                 and
                 eighteenth
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Apollonides
                 of
                 Tegeata
                 bore
                 away
                 the
                 Prize
                 :
                 At
                 which
                 time
                 Ptolemy
                 sailing
                 from
                 Myndus
                 along
                 the
                 Islands
                 which
                 lay
                 in
                 his
                 way
                 ,
                 came
                 to
                 Andros
                 ,
                 and
                 putting
                 out
                 the
                 Garison
                 that
                 was
                 there
                 ,
                 restor'd
                 it
                 to
                 her
                 former
                 Liberty
                 :
                 Thence
                 he
                 sail'd
                 to
                 the
                 Isthmus
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 Sicyon
                 and
                 Corinth
                 from
                 Cratesipolis
                 .
                 But
                 for
                 what
                 reasons
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 what
                 account
                 he
                 took
                 these
                 eminent
                 Cities
                 into
                 his
                 hands
                 ,
                 we
                 have
                 related
                 in
                 the
                 former
                 Books
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 we
                 shall
                 forbear
                 repetition
                 .
                 He
                 design'd
                 also
                 to
                 restore
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 to
                 their
                 Liberties
                 ,
                 judging
                 that
                 by
                 gaining
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 very
                 much
                 promote
                 his
                 own
                 Interest
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 Peloponnesians
                 were
                 order'd
                 to
                 provide
                 Money
                 and
                 Victuals
                 ,
                 but
                 perform'd
                 nothing
                 of
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 agreed
                 to
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 incens'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 upon
                 this
                 Condition
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   each
                   of
                   them
                   should
                   retain
                   those
                   Cities
                   they
                   had
                   then
                   in
                   their
                   hands
                   .
                
                 Then
                 having
                 put
                 Garisons
                 into
                 Sicyon
                 and
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 into
                 Aegypt
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 *
                 Cleopatra
                 being
                 incens'd
                 against
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 of
                 her
                 own
                 accord
                 inclin'd
                 to
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 Sardis
                 to
                 go
                 to
                 him
                 :
                 She
                 was
                 Sister
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 the
                 Conqueror
                 of
                 the
                 Persians
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Philip
                 Son
                 of
                 Amyntas
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Wise
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 who
                 undertook
                 an
                 Expedition
                 into
                 Italy
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Nobleness
                 of
                 her
                 Birth
                 ,
                 
                   Cassander
                   ,
                   Lysunachus
                   ,
                   Antigonus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 and
                 even
                 the
                 Chiefest
                 of
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Captains
                 after
                 his
                 death
                 ,
                 were
                 every
                 one
                 ambitious
                 to
                 marry
                 her
                 :
                 For
                 every
                 one
                 hop'd
                 by
                 this
                 Marriage
                 to
                 draw
                 all
                 the
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 after
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 
                 each
                 coveted
                 to
                 be
                 related
                 to
                 the
                 Royal
                 Family
                 ,
                 looking
                 upon
                 that
                 as
                 the
                 way
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 and
                 Command
                 over
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Governour
                 of
                 Sardis
                 (
                 whom
                 Antigonus
                 had
                 commanded
                 to
                 retain
                 Cleopatra
                 )
                 stopt
                 her
                 Journey
                 ;
                 and
                 afterwards
                 by
                 Order
                 from
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 some
                 Women
                 ,
                 privily
                 murther'd
                 her
                 .
                 But
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 
                 who
                 would
                 no
                 ways
                 be
                 thought
                 guilty
                 of
                 her
                 death
                 ,
                 struck
                 off
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 Women
                 ,
                 for
                 having
                 a
                 hand
                 in
                 her
                 Murder
                 ,
                 and
                 bury'd
                 her
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Magnificence
                 
                 that
                 might
                 be
                 .
                 And
                 such
                 was
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 Cleopatra
                 ,
                 before
                 any
                 Solemnization
                 of
                 Marriage
                 ;
                 who
                 was
                 earnestly
                 coveted
                 as
                 a
                 Wife
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 most
                 Noble
                 Captains
                 and
                 Generals
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 now
                 gone
                 through
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Asia
                 and
                 Greece
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 pass
                 over
                 to
                 other
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 Africa
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 sent
                 an
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 Numidians
                 (
                 who
                 had
                 revolted
                 from
                 them
                 )
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 reduce
                 them
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Agathocles
                 left
                 his
                 Son
                 Archagathus
                 with
                 
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 at
                 Tunis
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 ,
                 with
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Valiant
                 Men
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 Fifty
                 African
                 Carriages
                 ,
                 made
                 after
                 the
                 Enemy
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 possible
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 being
                 come
                 among
                 the
                 Numidians
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Suphons
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 reduc'd
                 likewise
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Revolters
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 Alliance
                 and
                 Confederacy
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 heard
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 approach
                 they
                 Incamp'd
                 upon
                 an
                 high
                 piece
                 of
                 ground
                 lying
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 of
                 a
                 deep
                 and
                 unpassable
                 River
                 ,
                 to
                 secure
                 themselves
                 against
                 all
                 suddain
                 Attacks
                 and
                 incursions
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 and
                 commanded
                 the
                 most
                 active
                 Numidians
                 to
                 hinder
                 the
                 march
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 by
                 vexing
                 them
                 ever
                 and
                 anon
                 with
                 continual
                 Attacks
                 in
                 the
                 Rear
                 ;
                 who
                 accordingly
                 executing
                 their
                 Commands
                 ,
                 Agathocles
                 sent
                 out
                 the
                 Archers
                 and
                 Slingers
                 against
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 made
                 towards
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Camp.
                 But
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 understanding
                 his
                 design
                 drew
                 the
                 Army
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 stood
                 rang'd
                 in
                 Battle
                 array
                 ,
                 ready
                 and
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 fight
                 :
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 saw
                 Agathocles
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 pass
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 they
                 fell
                 upon
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 full
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 great
                 slaughter
                 at
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 so
                 difficult
                 to
                 pass
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 this
                 indeavour
                 to
                 force
                 their
                 way
                 through
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 the
                 Greeks
                 as
                 far
                 excell'd
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 in
                 valour
                 as
                 they
                 did
                 them
                 in
                 number
                 and
                 multitude
                 ;
                 while
                 both
                 sides
                 stood
                 
                 stoutly
                 to
                 it
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Numidians
                 in
                 each
                 Army
                 left
                 off
                 fighting
                 expecting
                 the
                 issue
                 of
                 the
                 Ingagement
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 rifle
                 the
                 Carriages
                 of
                 that
                 party
                 that
                 was
                 Routed
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 Agathocles
                 with
                 those
                 brave
                 and
                 valiant
                 men
                 he
                 had
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 broke
                 through
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Battalion
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 oppos'd
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 them
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 presently
                 follow'd
                 them
                 ;
                 only
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Horse
                 that
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Clino
                 bore
                 the
                 shock
                 of
                 the
                 Agathocleans
                 ,
                 who
                 prest
                 very
                 sore
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 sharp
                 Ingagement
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 fighting
                 couragiously
                 di'd
                 upon
                 the
                 spot
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 by
                 good
                 fortune
                 escaping
                 :
                 Then
                 Agathocles
                 leaving
                 off
                 the
                 pusuit
                 ,
                 bent
                 all
                 his
                 strength
                 against
                 them
                 who
                 had
                 fled
                 back
                 into
                 the
                 Camp
                 ;
                 but
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 break
                 in
                 at
                 places
                 strongly
                 fortifi'd
                 and
                 of
                 difficult
                 approach
                 ,
                 he
                 sustain'd
                 as
                 much
                 loss
                 as
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ;
                 however
                 he
                 remitted
                 nothing
                 of
                 his
                 resolution
                 ,
                 but
                 being
                 lifted
                 up
                 with
                 his
                 Victory
                 still
                 prest
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 confidently
                 concluding
                 he
                 could
                 force
                 the
                 Camp.
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Numidians
                 were
                 very
                 intent
                 in
                 observing
                 how
                 things
                 were
                 like
                 to
                 go
                 ,
                 but
                 could
                 not
                 fall
                 upon
                 the
                 Bag
                 and
                 Baggage
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 because
                 both
                 Armies
                 were
                 so
                 near
                 the
                 Camp.
                 When
                 therefore
                 they
                 saw
                 that
                 Agathocles
                 was
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Guards
                 but
                 small
                 in
                 the
                 Grecians
                 Camp
                 ,
                 they
                 broke
                 in
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 easily
                 kill'd
                 those
                 that
                 withstood
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 many
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 other
                 prey
                 and
                 plunder
                 .
                 Which
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 Agathocles
                 came
                 to
                 understand
                 ,
                 he
                 hasted
                 thither
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 recover'd
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 spoil
                 :
                 but
                 the
                 Numidians
                 carri'd
                 most
                 away
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 got
                 a
                 long
                 way
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 place
                 .
                 Then
                 the
                 Prince
                 erected
                 a
                 Trophy
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 all
                 the
                 Booty
                 
                 amongst
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 none
                 might
                 repine
                 at
                 the
                 losses
                 they
                 had
                 sustain'd
                 .
                 The
                 Greeks
                 likewise
                 that
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 he
                 committed
                 Prisoners
                 to
                 a
                 Castle
                 ,
                 who
                 fearing
                 the
                 Prince
                 would
                 revenge
                 himself
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Guard
                 in
                 the
                 Castle
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 worsted
                 ,
                 they
                 got
                 into
                 a
                 Fort
                 and
                 shelter'd
                 themselves
                 there
                 to
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 a
                 Thousand
                 at
                 least
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 were
                 above
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Syracusians
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 Agathocles
                 came
                 to
                 know
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 he
                 march'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 thither
                 ,
                 where
                 after
                 Terms
                 and
                 Articles
                 agreed
                 upon
                 ,
                 those
                 Complotters
                 came
                 forth
                 of
                 the
                 Hould
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 put
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 sword
                 .
                 Being
                 crown'd
                 with
                 this
                 Victory
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 done
                 all
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 possibly
                 contrive
                 for
                 the
                 subduing
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 Ortho
                 the
                 Syracusian
                 to
                 Cyrene
                 as
                 his
                 Ambassador
                 to
                 Ophellas
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 one
                 of
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Captains
                 all
                 along
                 in
                 the
                 late
                 Wars
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 then
                 possess'd
                 of
                 Cyrene
                 with
                 the
                 
                 neighbouring
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 contriving
                 how
                 to
                 inlarge
                 his
                 Dominion
                 ,
                 and
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 beating
                 his
                 brains
                 with
                 these
                 ambitious
                 projects
                 ,
                 Agathocles
                 his
                 Agent
                 just
                 then
                 arriv'd
                 ,
                 to
                 solicite
                 him
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 affording
                 his
                 assistance
                 to
                 subdue
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 In
                 return
                 of
                 which
                 piece
                 of
                 service
                 Agathocles
                 promis'd
                 him
                 he
                 would
                 yield
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 Soveragin
                 Command
                 of
                 all
                 Africa
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 that
                 he
                 himself
                 would
                 be
                 content
                 with
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 where
                 being
                 freed
                 from
                 all
                 fear
                 of
                 future
                 dangers
                 and
                 troubles
                 from
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 able
                 with
                 ease
                 and
                 safety
                 to
                 
                 reduce
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 to
                 his
                 Obedience
                 .
                 And
                 if
                 he
                 should
                 have
                 a
                 desire
                 to
                 inlarge
                 his
                 Dominion
                 ,
                 he
                 said
                 that
                 Italy
                 was
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 might
                 gratifie
                 his
                 Ambition
                 in
                 that
                 respect
                 .
                 That
                 Africa
                 was
                 far
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 separated
                 by
                 a
                 large
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 came
                 not
                 into
                 it
                 of
                 choice
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 driven
                 thither
                 of
                 necessity
                 .
                 This
                 therefore
                 coming
                 in
                 the
                 way
                 so
                 heightned
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 former
                 hopes
                 that
                 he
                 readily
                 hearkn'd
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 his
                 Agent
                 to
                 Athens
                 to
                 pray
                 their
                 Aid
                 and
                 Association
                 in
                 this
                 War.
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 marri'd
                 from
                 thence
                 Eurydice
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Miltiades
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Conquerors
                 at
                 the
                 Battle
                 of
                 Marathon
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 this
                 Marriage
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 acts
                 of
                 kindness
                 he
                 was
                 receiv'd
                 into
                 the
                 Franchises
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Athenians
                 readily
                 hearkned
                 to
                 this
                 motion
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 a
                 few
                 likewise
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 Grecians
                 willingly
                 join'd
                 in
                 this
                 Expedition
                 ,
                 hoping
                 thereby
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 sharing
                 of
                 the
                 richest
                 parts
                 of
                 all
                 Africa
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 wealth
                 of
                 Carthage
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 State
                 of
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Greece
                 by
                 season
                 of
                 the
                 continual
                 Wars
                 ,
                 and
                 Quarrels
                 of
                 the
                 Princes
                 among
                 themselves
                 was
                 but
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 weak
                 and
                 low
                 condition
                 ,
                 therefore
                 they
                 concluded
                 they
                 should
                 not
                 only
                 reap
                 much
                 advantage
                 ,
                 but
                 be
                 freed
                 likewise
                 from
                 those
                 pressing
                 evils
                 which
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 lay
                 heavy
                 upon
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Ophellas
                 at
                 length
                 (
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 plentiful
                 provision
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Expedition
                 in
                 hand
                 )
                 led
                 forth
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 having
                 with
                 him
                 above
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 Six
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Chariots
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 Three
                 hundred
                 Men-drivers
                 and
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 manage
                 them
                 ,
                 besides
                 Extraordinaries
                 and
                 followers
                 of
                 the
                 Camp
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 o●
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 more
                 ;
                 many
                 of
                 which
                 drew
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 with
                 their
                 stuff
                 and
                 Baggage
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 looked
                 like
                 to
                 a
                 Colony
                 going
                 to
                 be
                 planted
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 march'd
                 Eighteen
                 days
                 journey
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 them
                 gone
                 *
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 a
                 City
                 call'd
                 Automolus
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 Encamp'd
                 ;
                 thence
                 marching
                 forward
                 ,
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 a
                 mountain
                 shelving
                 down
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 with
                 steep
                 and
                 sharp
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 having
                 a
                 deep
                 Valley
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 rose
                 a
                 soft
                 stone
                 spiring
                 up
                 like
                 unto
                 a
                 sharp
                 Rock
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 which
                 was
                 a
                 wide
                 Cave
                 overshadow'd
                 with
                 Ivy
                 and
                 Leaves
                 of
                 the
                 Yew
                 tree
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 is
                 reported
                 ,
                 
                   Queen
                   Lamia
                
                 ,
                 a
                 Lady
                 of
                 admirable
                 
                 Beauty
                 formerly
                 dwelt
                 ;
                 but
                 for
                 her
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 her
                 face
                 was
                 afterwards
                 transform'd
                 into
                 the
                 shape
                 of
                 a
                 Beast
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 's
                 reported
                 that
                 *
                 being
                 bereav'd
                 of
                 all
                 her
                 Children
                 ,
                 she
                 took
                 it
                 so
                 grievously
                 ,
                 that
                 she
                 envy'd
                 all
                 other
                 women
                 that
                 had
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 the
                 poor
                 Infants
                 to
                 be
                 pluck't
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 mothers
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 murther'd
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 even
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 the
                 Tale
                 of
                 this
                 woman
                 is
                 fresh
                 among
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 Lamia
                 they
                 are
                 presently
                 put
                 into
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 fright
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 being
                 given
                 much
                 to
                 Drunkeness
                 ,
                 she
                 let
                 every
                 one
                 do
                 what
                 they
                 pleas'd
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 inquiry
                 after
                 men's
                 manners
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 she
                 never
                 seriously
                 minded
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 in
                 her
                 Province
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 believ'd
                 that
                 she
                 was
                 blind
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 there
                 's
                 a
                 
                 Fable
                 told
                 by
                 some
                 that
                 she
                 put
                 her
                 Eyes
                 into
                 a
                 little
                 purse
                 ,
                 excusing
                 her
                 drunken
                 Sottishness
                 by
                 such
                 an
                 invented
                 Tale
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 that
                 was
                 the
                 reason
                 she
                 saw
                 nothing
                 .
                 That
                 she
                 was
                 in
                 Africa
                 one
                 brings
                 in
                 Euripides
                 for
                 a
                 witness
                 ,
                 for
                 so
                 he
                 says
              
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   To
                   whom
                   is
                   that
                   most
                   hateful
                   Name
                   unknown
                   ?
                
                 
                   Or
                   of
                   th'
                   
                     African
                     Lamia
                  
                   the
                   spawn
                   ?
                
              
               
                 But
                 Ophellas
                 removing
                 again
                 .
                 Travel'd
                 with
                 great
                 toil
                 and
                 labour
                 through
                 a
                 dry
                 and
                 thirsty
                 Country
                 full
                 of
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 only
                 want
                 Water
                 ,
                 but
                 Bread
                 and
                 other
                 Provision
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 was
                 in
                 danger
                 to
                 perish
                 .
                 These
                 Sandy
                 Deserts
                 near
                 the
                 Syrtes
                 were
                 pester'd
                 with
                 noisom
                 Serpents
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 hurtful
                 beasts
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 being
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 deadly
                 to
                 be
                 bitten
                 by
                 these
                 venomous
                 creatures
                 ,
                 many
                 were
                 brought
                 into
                 a
                 sad
                 condition
                 ;
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 reach
                 both
                 of
                 friends
                 help
                 ,
                 and
                 remedy
                 from
                 Medicines
                 .
                 For
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Serpents
                 were
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 colour
                 with
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 none
                 could
                 see
                 them
                 before
                 they
                 were
                 hurt
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 many
                 treading
                 upon
                 them
                 were
                 stung
                 to
                 death
                 .
                 At
                 last
                 after
                 two
                 months
                 miserable
                 travel
                 with
                 much
                 ado
                 they
                 carne
                 to
                 Agathocles
                 his
                 Camp
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 pitcht
                 their
                 Camps
                 at
                 a
                 small
                 distance
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ;
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 hearing
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 come
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Consternation
                 ,
                 seeing
                 the
                 great
                 forces
                 that
                 were
                 making
                 against
                 them
                 .
              
               
               
                 Agathocles
                 hearing
                 of
                 his
                 approach
                 ,
                 went
                 to
                 meet
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 advis'd
                 him
                 by
                 all
                 means
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 care
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 after
                 so
                 tedious
                 and
                 hard
                 a
                 Journey
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 see
                 them
                 well
                 refresh'd
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 lay
                 quiet
                 a
                 few
                 days
                 ,
                 observing
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 was
                 done
                 in
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Camp
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 taking
                 his
                 opportunity
                 when
                 the
                 greater
                 part
                 of
                 Ophellas
                 his
                 Army
                 were
                 gone
                 a
                 forraging
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 notice
                 that
                 Ophellas
                 never
                 suspected
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 what
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 contriving
                 ,
                 he
                 suddainly
                 call'd
                 his
                 Army
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 before
                 them
                 accus'd
                 Ophellas
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 being
                 call'd
                 for
                 as
                 an
                 Assistant
                 ,
                 in
                 this
                 War
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 about
                 
                 to
                 betray
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 incens'd
                 the
                 multitude
                 ,
                 drew
                 out
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 in
                 Battalion
                 against
                 him
                 and
                 his
                 
                   Cyrenians
                   .
                   Ophellas
                
                 growing
                 amaz'd
                 at
                 this
                 unexpected
                 alteration
                 ,
                 put
                 nevertheless
                 himself
                 and
                 the
                 men
                 he
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 posture
                 of
                 defence
                 :
                 but
                 the
                 Enemy
                 being
                 too
                 quick
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 too
                 weak
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 there
                 slain
                 upon
                 the
                 place
                 .
                 Agathocles
                 persuaded
                 the
                 rest
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 ,
                 to
                 lay
                 down
                 their
                 Arms
                 ;
                 then
                 telling
                 them
                 what
                 great
                 things
                 he
                 would
                 do
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 got
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 to
                 himself
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 Ophellas
                 by
                 indulging
                 his
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 over
                 credulous
                 came
                 to
                 this
                 fatal
                 Catastrophe
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Bomilcar
                 at
                 Carthage
                 was
                 waiting
                 for
                 an
                 opportunity
                 
                 to
                 put
                 in
                 execution
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 been
                 hammering
                 in
                 his
                 brain
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Soveraign
                 power
                 and
                 authority
                 .
                 And
                 although
                 he
                 had
                 several
                 times
                 fit
                 occasions
                 offer'd
                 him
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 ,
                 yet
                 always
                 some
                 light
                 and
                 inconsiderable
                 cause
                 or
                 other
                 intervening
                 ,
                 put
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 his
                 design
                 .
                 For
                 some
                 superstitious
                 persons
                 many
                 times
                 are
                 preparing
                 to
                 act
                 great
                 and
                 remarkable
                 pieces
                 of
                 Wickedness
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 always
                 chuse
                 rather
                 to
                 delay
                 ,
                 than
                 act
                 ,
                 to
                 put
                 off
                 ,
                 than
                 execute
                 the
                 thing
                 ;
                 which
                 even
                 then
                 
                 came
                 to
                 pass
                 .
                 For
                 concluding
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 fair
                 opportunity
                 offer'd
                 him
                 ,
                 the
                 better
                 to
                 effect
                 his
                 purpose
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 away
                 the
                 most
                 eminent
                 Persons
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 that
                 were
                 about
                 him
                 ,
                 in
                 an
                 Expedition
                 against
                 the
                 Numidians
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 at
                 hand
                 to
                 oppose
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 then
                 checkt
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Fears
                 ,
                 he
                 durst
                 not
                 reveal
                 to
                 any
                 his
                 design
                 of
                 gaining
                 the
                 Principality
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 he
                 let
                 the
                 matter
                 fall
                 again
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 it
                 fell
                 out
                 that
                 he
                 attempted
                 to
                 set
                 up
                 himself
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 time
                 that
                 Ophellas
                 was
                 cut
                 off
                 by
                 Agathocles
                 ;
                 and
                 neither
                 of
                 them
                 knew
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 in
                 one
                 another's
                 Camp.
                 For
                 Agathocles
                 knew
                 nothing
                 of
                 the
                 Ambition
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 or
                 of
                 the
                 Tumult
                 and
                 Disorder
                 that
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 might
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 have
                 easily
                 subdu'd
                 :
                 For
                 if
                 Bomilcar
                 had
                 been
                 surpriz'd
                 and
                 taken
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 Fact
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 have
                 chosen
                 rather
                 to
                 have
                 join'd
                 with
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 have
                 given
                 up
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 punish'd
                 by
                 the
                 Citizens
                 :
                 Neither
                 did
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 know
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 his
                 falling
                 upon
                 Ophellas
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 might
                 easily
                 have
                 overcome
                 him
                 by
                 joining
                 with
                 Ophellas
                 .
                 But
                 I
                 suppose
                 both
                 sides
                 were
                 well
                 enough
                 content
                 to
                 be
                 ignorant
                 ,
                 although
                 they
                 were
                 things
                 of
                 great
                 weight
                 and
                 concern
                 ,
                 and
                 contrived
                 by
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 near
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 Agathocles
                 being
                 plotting
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 a
                 Person
                 that
                 was
                 his
                 Friend
                 and
                 Associate
                 ,
                 minded
                 not
                 to
                 enquire
                 after
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 was
                 in
                 doing
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 And
                 Bomilcar
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 contriving
                 how
                 to
                 overturn
                 the
                 Liberties
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 cared
                 not
                 what
                 was
                 in
                 agitation
                 in
                 Agathocles
                 his
                 Camp
                 ,
                 whose
                 purpose
                 was
                 now
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 to
                 conquer
                 
                 an
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 subdue
                 his
                 own
                 Fellow-Citizens
                 .
                 Matters
                 being
                 thus
                 ,
                 here
                 some
                 may
                 find
                 fault
                 with
                 History
                 ,
                 seeing
                 many
                 things
                 of
                 divers
                 Natures
                 falling
                 out
                 at
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Writers
                 are
                 forc'd
                 to
                 break
                 in
                 with
                 new
                 Matter
                 of
                 another
                 nature
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 divide
                 between
                 things
                 done
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 instant
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Truths
                 related
                 may
                 delight
                 the
                 more
                 .
                 But
                 to
                 Answer
                 this
                 ,
                 the
                 History
                 that
                 is
                 deny'd
                 this
                 liberty
                 ;
                 although
                 it
                 afterwards
                 represents
                 the
                 things
                 done
                 ,
                 yet
                 it
                 Postpones
                 the
                 true
                 pleasure
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 at
                 too
                 great
                 a
                 distance
                 from
                 the
                 first
                 Relation
                 .
              
               
                 Bomilcar
                 therefore
                 picking
                 out
                 a
                 select
                 number
                 of
                 Men
                 in
                 the
                 *
                 
                   New
                   City
                
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 's
                 call'd
                 )
                 not
                 far
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 Old
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 dismist
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ;
                 then
                 having
                 call'd
                 togther
                 Five
                 hundred
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 *
                 privy
                 to
                 his
                 Design
                 ,
                 and
                 about
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Mercenary
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 he
                 declar'd
                 himself
                 sole
                 Monarch
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 divided
                 his
                 Troops
                 into
                 Five
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 killing
                 all
                 that
                 he
                 met
                 in
                 the
                 High-ways
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 an
                 incredible
                 Terror
                 and
                 Amazement
                 possest
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 ;
                 At
                 first
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 suspected
                 that
                 the
                 Town
                 was
                 betray'd
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 had
                 broke
                 in
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 Truth
                 was
                 known
                 ,
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 Marshall'd
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 against
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ;
                 who
                 hasten'd
                 into
                 the
                 Forum
                 ,
                 killing
                 all
                 he
                 met
                 in
                 the
                 Streets
                 ,
                 and
                 slaughtering
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 naked
                 and
                 unarm'd
                 Citizens
                 .
                 But
                 
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 mounting
                 the
                 tops
                 of
                 the
                 Houses
                 that
                 were
                 round
                 about
                 〈◊〉
                 Market-place
                 ,
                 cast
                 down
                 showers
                 of
                 Darts
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Conspirators
                 (
                 the
                 place
                 being
                 altogether
                 expos'd
                 to
                 the
                 Shot
                 )
                 were
                 gall'd
                 most
                 grievously
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 in
                 a
                 〈◊〉
                 Body
                 they
                 forc'd
                 their
                 way
                 through
                 the
                 narrow
                 Passes
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 into
                 the
                 
                   New
                   City
                
                 ,
                 being
                 ply'd
                 and
                 wounded
                 with
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 all
                 along
                 as
                 they
                 came
                 under
                 the
                 Houses
                 .
                 
                 Then
                 possessing
                 themselves
                 of
                 a
                 Hill
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 being
                 now
                 in
                 Arms
                 )
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 drew
                 up
                 their
                 Camp
                 in
                 the
                 face
                 of
                 the
                 Rebels
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 they
                 sent
                 some
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Ancientest
                 and
                 Gravest
                 of
                 their
                 Citizens
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 remitted
                 what
                 was
                 past
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 all
                 things
                 were
                 peaceably
                 compos'd
                 .
                 Towards
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 indeed
                 they
                 perform'd
                 their
                 Articles
                 ,
                 and
                 (
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 Cloud
                 that
                 hung
                 over
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 )
                 pass'd
                 by
                 the
                 Crimes
                 committed
                 ;
                 but
                 without
                 any
                 regard
                 had
                 to
                 their
                 Oaths
                 ,
                 they
                 most
                 ignominiously
                 tormented
                 Bomilcar
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 him
                 to
                 death
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 when
                 their
                 Common-wealth
                 was
                 near
                 upon
                 the
                 point
                 of
                 expiring
                 ,
                 recover'd
                 their
                 Ancient
                 Form
                 of
                 Government
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 Agathocles
                 loaded
                 all
                 his
                 Transport-Ships
                 with
                 Spoils
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Cyreneans
                 as
                 he
                 found
                 not
                 fit
                 and
                 serviceable
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 on
                 board
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 them
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 :
                 But
                 a
                 fierce
                 Tempest
                 overtook
                 them
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 were
                 lost
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 were
                 cast
                 upon
                 the
                 
                   Pithecusian
                   Islands
                
                 bordering
                 upon
                 Italy
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 very
                 few
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Italy
                 the
                 Roman
                 Consuls
                 assisted
                 the
                 Marsilians
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 sorely
                 prest
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Samnites
                   ,
                
                 )
                 
                 and
                 were
                 Conquerors
                 ,
                 killing
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 upon
                 the
                 place
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 march'd
                 through
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Umbri
                 ,
                 and
                 invaded
                 Hetruria
                 ,
                 then
                 in
                 War
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 a
                 Castle
                 call'd
                 Caprium
                 by
                 Storm
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 sending
                 their
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Treat
                 upon
                 Terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 they
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Tarquinians
                 for
                 Forty
                 Years
                 :
                 But
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Hetrurians
                 only
                 for
                 one
                 Year
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP.
                 III.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Demetrius
                   frees
                   all
                   the
                   Grecian
                   Cities
                   ;
                   takes
                   the
                   Pireum
                   at
                   
                     Athens
                     .
                     Demetrius
                     Phalerius
                  
                   flies
                   to
                   Ptolemy
                   .
                   Honours
                   given
                   to
                   Demetrius
                   in
                   Athens
                   .
                   He
                   sails
                   to
                   Cyprus
                   ;
                   his
                   Acts
                   there
                   ;
                   Besieges
                   Salamis
                   .
                   His
                   great
                   
                     Engines
                     .
                     Ptolemy
                  
                   sails
                   to
                   Cyprus
                   .
                   Sea
                   Fight
                   between
                   Ptolemy
                   and
                   Demetrius
                   ,
                   wherein
                   Ptolemy
                   is
                   routed
                   .
                   Antigonus
                   takes
                   the
                   Title
                   of
                   King
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   like
                   do
                   several
                   other
                   
                     Captains
                     .
                     Agathocles
                  
                   his
                   Acts
                   at
                   Utica
                   in
                   Africk
                   :
                   Ty'd
                   pris'ners
                   to
                   a
                   great
                   Engine
                   .
                   The
                   sorts
                   of
                   People
                   in
                   
                     Africa
                     .
                     Xenodocus
                  
                   routed
                   in
                   Sicily
                   by
                   Agathocles
                   his
                   Captains
                   .
                   Agathocles
                   his
                   Acts
                   in
                   Sicily
                   .
                   What
                   was
                   done
                   by
                   Archagathus
                   in
                   
                     Africa
                     .
                     Maschala
                  
                   inhabited
                   by
                   some
                   Greeks
                   that
                   came
                   from
                   
                     Troy.
                     Apes
                  
                   ,
                   their
                   Custom
                   among
                   the
                   Pithecusce
                   .
                   The
                   Carthaginians
                   draw
                   out
                   Thirty
                   thousand
                   Men
                   out
                   of
                   Carthage
                   Misfortunes
                   to
                   Agathocles
                   his
                   Captains
                   in
                   Africa
                   .
                   The
                   Army
                   block'd
                   up
                   and
                   almost
                   starv'd
                   :
                   Agathocles
                   beats
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   at
                   Sea
                   near
                   Syracuse
                   .
                   His
                   Captain
                   Leptines
                   harasses
                   the
                   
                     Agrigentines
                     .
                     Agathocles
                  
                   Feasts
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   .
                   His
                   jocund
                   Temper
                   .
                   His
                   Cruelty
                   .
                   Routed
                   in
                   
                     Africa
                     .
                     Carthaginian
                  
                   Camp
                   burnt
                   .
                   The
                   misfortune
                   afterward
                   to
                   both
                   Armies
                   by
                   one
                   Cause
                   .
                   Agathocles
                   in
                   Chains
                   by
                   his
                   own
                   Men.
                   Steals
                   out
                   of
                   Africa
                   .
                   The
                   Soldiers
                   kill
                   his
                   Two
                   Sons
                   .
                   They
                   make
                   Peace
                   with
                   the
                   
                     Carthaginians
                     .
                     Agathocles
                  
                   his
                   exceeding
                   Cruelty
                   at
                   Aegista
                   ;
                   and
                   afterwards
                   at
                   Syracuse
                   .
                
              
               
                 AT
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Year
                 ,
                 Anaxicrates
                 was
                 Created
                 Chief
                 Governor
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 
                   Appius
                   Claudius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Volutius
                
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 Demetrius
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Two
                 strong
                 Armies
                 ,
                 one
                 by
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 by
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 provided
                 of
                 Weapons
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 necessaries
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 set
                 forth
                 from
                 Ephesus
                 with
                 full
                 Orders
                 and
                 Instructions
                 to
                 set
                 all
                 the
                 Grecian
                 Cities
                 at
                 liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 to
                 free
                 Athens
                 ,
                 that
                 was
                 then
                 held
                 by
                 a
                 Garison
                 of
                 
                 Cassander's
                 .
                 To
                 this
                 purpose
                 he
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 the
                 Pireum
                 with
                 his
                 Fleet
                 ;
                 and
                 upon
                 his
                 first
                 arrival
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Edict
                 to
                 
                 be
                 proclaim'd
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 assaulted
                 the
                 Pyreum
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 .
                 But
                 Dionysius
                 the
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 Fort
                 ,
                 Mynichia
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Demetrius
                   Phalerius
                
                 ,
                 whom
                 Cassander
                 had
                 made
                 President
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 beat
                 off
                 the
                 Enemy
                 from
                 the
                 Walls
                 ;
                 But
                 some
                 of
                 
                 Antigonus's
                 Men
                 forc'd
                 their
                 way
                 near
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 and
                 scal'd
                 and
                 got
                 over
                 the
                 Walls
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 many
                 within
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 them
                 as
                 their
                 Assistants
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 was
                 the
                 Pyrcum
                 taken
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 the
                 Governor
                 fled
                 into
                 Mynichia
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Demetrius
                   Phalerius
                
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 he
                 with
                 some
                 others
                 was
                 sent
                 by
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 treated
                 with
                 him
                 concerning
                 the
                 Liberty
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 own
                 preservation
                 ,
                 
                 he
                 prevail'd
                 so
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 dismiss'd
                 with
                 a
                 safe
                 Conduct
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 without
                 any
                 further
                 Care
                 or
                 Concern
                 for
                 Athens
                 ,
                 he
                 fled
                 to
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 to
                 Ptolemy
                 into
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 And
                 thus
                 he
                 who
                 had
                 Govern'd
                 the
                 City
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Ten
                 Years
                 ,
                 was
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 thrust
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 .
                 The
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 being
                 hereupon
                 restor'd
                 to
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 
                 decreed
                 publick
                 Honours
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 the
                 Authors
                 of
                 their
                 Deliverance
                 .
                 Demetrius
                 forthwith
                 brings
                 up
                 his
                 Engines
                 and
                 Battering
                 Rams
                 ,
                 and
                 Besieges
                 Munychia
                 both
                 
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land.
                 But
                 the
                 Dionysians
                 made
                 a
                 stout
                 resistance
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 the
                 advantage
                 and
                 difficulty
                 of
                 the
                 heighth
                 of
                 the
                 places
                 to
                 be
                 Assaulted
                 ,
                 beat
                 off
                 the
                 Demetrians
                 (
                 for
                 Munychia
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 strong
                 by
                 Nature
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 Art
                 also
                 ,
                 defended
                 by
                 high
                 Walls
                 )
                 though
                 Demetrius
                 indeed
                 far
                 exceeded
                 the
                 other
                 in
                 number
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 Warlike
                 preparations
                 ,
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Assault
                 had
                 continu'd
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Two
                 Days
                 together
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 those
                 within
                 being
                 wounded
                 and
                 kill'd
                 by
                 the
                 Shot
                 from
                 the
                 Engines
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 not
                 Men
                 enough
                 left
                 to
                 defend
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 the
                 Garison
                 Soldiers
                 began
                 to
                 Flag
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Demetrians
                 who
                 Assaulted
                 by
                 turns
                 ,
                 and
                 mutually
                 reliev'd
                 one
                 another
                 with
                 fresh
                 Supplies
                 ,
                 having
                 clear'd
                 the
                 Wall
                 by
                 their
                 Shot
                 ,
                 broke
                 into
                 Munychia
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 forcing
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 within
                 to
                 lay
                 down
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 they
                 took
                 the
                 Governor
                 prisoner
                 .
                 Having
                 dispatcht
                 this
                 Business
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 Days
                 time
                 ,
                 Demetrius
                 demolish'd
                 Munychia
                 ,
                 and
                 entirely
                 restor'd
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 entred
                 with
                 them
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 of
                 Peace
                 and
                 Amity
                 .
                 
                 The
                 Athenians
                 therefore
                 made
                 a
                 Decree
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 written
                 by
                 Stratocles
                 )
                 that
                 
                   Golden
                   Statues
                
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 and
                 Demetrius
                 should
                 be
                 set
                 up
                 and
                 mounted
                 upon
                 a
                 Chariot
                 ,
                 next
                 to
                 Harmodius
                 and
                 *
                 Aristogiton
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 both
                 Adorn'd
                 with
                 Crowns
                 of
                 Gold
                 of
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 weight
                 apiece
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 an
                 Altar
                 should
                 be
                 erected
                 in
                 Honour
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                   Saviour's
                   Altar
                
                 ;
                 And
                 in
                 further
                 Honour
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Ten
                 Tribes
                 of
                 Athens
                 they
                 added
                 Two
                 more
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 Antigonian
                 and
                 Demetrian
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 stripp'd
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 their
                 Liberties
                 by
                 the
                 Lamian
                 War
                 ,
                 after
                 Fifteen
                 Years
                 were
                 restor'd
                 to
                 their
                 Ancient
                 Laws
                 and
                 Government
                 .
                 Magera
                 was
                 still
                 under
                 the
                 curb
                 of
                 a
                 Garison
                 ;
                 but
                 Demetrius
                 likewise
                 took
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 Privileges
                 ;
                 therefore
                 he
                 was
                 highly
                 Honour'd
                 and
                 richly
                 presented
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 upon
                 this
                 Account
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Athenian
                 Ambassador
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 sent
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 presented
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 Decree
                 ,
                 he
                 understanding
                 that
                 they
                 both
                 wanted
                 Corn
                 for
                 necessary
                 Provision
                 ,
                 and
                 Timber
                 for
                 building
                 of
                 Ships
                 ,
                 sent
                 them
                 a
                 hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 *
                 
                 Medimna's
                 of
                 Wheat
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 much
                 Timber
                 as
                 would
                 build
                 a
                 hundred
                 Ships
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 withdrew
                 the
                 Garison
                 out
                 of
                 Imbrus
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 writ
                 to
                 his
                 Son
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 him
                 to
                 call
                 a
                 Senate
                 of
                 Members
                 chosen
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Confederate
                 Citys
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 Consult
                 concerning
                 what
                 might
                 be
                 most
                 conducing
                 to
                 the
                 publick
                 Good
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 he
                 himself
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 should
                 transport
                 Forces
                 into
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 fight
                 
                 Ptolemy's
                 Captains
                 .
                 In
                 Obedience
                 to
                 his
                 Father's
                 Commands
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 further
                 delay
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 over
                 first
                 into
                 Caria
                 ,
                 and
                 mov'd
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 against
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 slack
                 
                 and
                 slow
                 in
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 willing
                 rather
                 to
                 be
                 Neuters
                 ,
                 and
                 keep
                 in
                 with
                 all
                 sides
                 ;
                 hence
                 first
                 grew
                 the
                 Heart-burnings
                 between
                 them
                 and
                 Antigonus
                 .
                 Thence
                 he
                 sail'd
                 into
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 and
                 furnishing
                 himself
                 there
                 with
                 Shipping
                 and
                 Men
                 ,
                 he
                 pass'd
                 over
                 into
                 Cyprus
                 with
                 Fifteen
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Fleet
                 consisting
                 of
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 ten
                 Ships
                 of
                 Three
                 tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 apiece
                 ,
                 of
                 singular
                 swiftness
                 ,
                 and
                 Fifty
                 three
                 not
                 so
                 swift
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 but
                 men
                 of
                 War
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 ;
                 besides
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 ,
                 answer
                 able
                 to
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 Men
                 and
                 Horses
                 ;
                 Being
                 landed
                 ,
                 he
                 first
                 encamp'd
                 near
                 the
                 Shoar
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 Carpasia
                 ,
                 and
                 drawing
                 up
                 his
                 Ships
                 to
                 land
                 ,
                 fenc'd
                 them
                 with
                 a
                 deep
                 Trench
                 and
                 Ramparts
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 he
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Cities
                 next
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Urania
                 and
                 Carpasia
                 by
                 Storm
                 ;
                 and
                 leaving
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Guard
                 to
                 defend
                 his
                 Trenches
                 about
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 to
                 Salamis
                 .
              
               
                 Menelaus
                 ,
                 appointed
                 by
                 Ptolemy
                 chief
                 Commander
                 of
                 the
                 Isle
                 ,
                 being
                 then
                 at
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 seeing
                 the
                 Enemy
                 within
                 forty
                 Furlongs
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 drew
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Garisons
                 adjoining
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 Twelve
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 out
                 to
                 meet
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 fought
                 a
                 while
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 endure
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Charge
                 ,
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 Demetrius
                 pursuing
                 him
                 even
                 to
                 the
                 Gates
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 took
                 to
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 
                 Three
                 thousand
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 a
                 Thousand
                 upon
                 the
                 Place
                 .
                 The
                 Prisoners
                 he
                 
                 Pardon'd
                 ,
                 and
                 distributed
                 them
                 among
                 his
                 own
                 Men
                 :
                 But
                 finding
                 they
                 were
                 ever
                 ready
                 to
                 fly
                 over
                 again
                 to
                 Menelaus
                 ,
                 because
                 their
                 Wealth
                 was
                 in
                 
                 Ptolemy's
                 hands
                 in
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 he
                 Shipp'd
                 them
                 all
                 away
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 Father
                 .
              
               
               
                 Antigonus
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 was
                 building
                 a
                 City
                 in
                 the
                 Upper
                 Syria
                 near
                 the
                 River
                 Orontes
                 ,
                 call'd
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 name
                 Antigonia
                 ,
                 laying
                 out
                 great
                 Sums
                 of
                 Money
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 in
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 seventy
                 Furlongs
                 of
                 Ground
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Place
                 it self
                 was
                 very
                 opportune
                 to
                 lie
                 as
                 a
                 Yoke
                 both
                 upon
                 Babylon
                 and
                 the
                 Upper
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 upon
                 the
                 Lower
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 down
                 as
                 to
                 Aegypt
                 .
                 But
                 this
                 City
                 continu'd
                 not
                 long
                 ;
                 for
                 Seleucus
                 raz'd
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 transplanted
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 built
                 by
                 himself
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Seleucia
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 .
                 But
                 we
                 shall
                 give
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 when
                 we
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Time
                 proper
                 for
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Menelaus
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 was
                 thus
                 routed
                 in
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 drew
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 Engines
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 lin'd
                 all
                 the
                 Bulwarks
                 and
                 Battlements
                 with
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 Fighting
                 ,
                 observing
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 that
                 Demetrius
                 was
                 doing
                 the
                 like
                 .
                 He
                 dispatch'd
                 likewise
                 a
                 Messenger
                 to
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 to
                 tell
                 him
                 what
                 had
                 happen'd
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 desire
                 more
                 help
                 ,
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Cyprus
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 very
                 low
                 and
                 dangerous
                 Condition
                 .
              
               
                 Demetrius
                 seeing
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 in
                 no
                 contemptible
                 Condition
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 for
                 its
                 Defence
                 ,
                 was
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 prepare
                 Engines
                 of
                 an
                 Extraordinary
                 Bigness
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Battering
                 Rams
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Instruments
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 might
                 in
                 any
                 sort
                 terrify
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 .
                 He
                 sent
                 likewise
                 for
                 Workmen
                 out
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 Iron
                 ,
                 Timber
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 thing
                 else
                 that
                 was
                 necessary
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 in
                 the
                 
                 Works
                 he
                 design'd
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 every
                 thing
                 being
                 ready
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 he
                 built
                 an
                 Engine
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 call'd
                 Helepotis
                 ,
                 from
                 taking
                 of
                 Cities
                 ,
                 Forty
                 five
                 Cubits
                 broad
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 Ninety
                 in
                 height
                 ,
                 drawn
                 with
                 four
                 strong
                 Wheels
                 ,
                 Eight
                 Cubits
                 high
                 ;
                 he
                 made
                 likewise
                 two
                 exceeding
                 great
                 Battering
                 Rams
                 ,
                 and
                 Galleries
                 to
                 support
                 them
                 .
                 He
                 put
                 several
                 great
                 shot
                 of
                 Massy-Stones
                 in
                 the
                 lowest
                 Story
                 of
                 the
                 Helepolis
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 of
                 which
                 weighed
                 three
                 Talents
                 ;
                 In
                 the
                 middle
                 were
                 plac'd
                 very
                 great
                 Machines
                 to
                 shoot
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 ;
                 In
                 the
                 highest
                 Part
                 were
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 less
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 store
                 of
                 Stone-shot
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 knew
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 managing
                 all
                 these
                 Devices
                 to
                 the
                 best
                 advantage
                 .
              
               
                 Bringing
                 up
                 therefore
                 his
                 Engines
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 by
                 showers
                 of
                 shot
                 ,
                 he
                 there
                 swept
                 off
                 the
                 Turrets
                 and
                 Battlements
                 ;
                 and
                 batter'd
                 down
                 the
                 Walls
                 by
                 his
                 Rams
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 made
                 such
                 obstinate
                 Resistance
                 ,
                 and
                 opposing
                 Engines
                 to
                 Engines
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Issue
                 for
                 some
                 days
                 was
                 very
                 doubtful
                 ,
                 and
                 Toil
                 ,
                 Labour
                 ,
                 and
                 Wounds
                 were
                 the
                 mutual
                 Lot
                 and
                 Portion
                 of
                 each
                 Party
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 Wall
                 tumbled
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 even
                 upon
                 the
                 Point
                 of
                 being
                 taken
                 by
                 Storm
                 :
                 But
                 Night
                 coming
                 on
                 ,
                 both
                 sides
                 drew
                 off
                 .
                 Then
                 Menelaus
                 having
                 a
                 diligent
                 Eye
                 for
                 the
                 Security
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 lest
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 by
                 some
                 fresh
                 Stratagem
                 ,
                 got
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 dry
                 Stuff
                 and
                 Matter
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 cast
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 from
                 off
                 the
                 Walls
                 upon
                 the
                 Engines
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 many
                 light
                 Firebrands
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 burnt
                 the
                 Principal
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 Upon
                 the
                 mounting
                 up
                 of
                 the
                 Flame
                 the
                 Demetrians
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 quench
                 the
                 Fire
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 was
                 so
                 quick
                 and
                 furious
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Engines
                 were
                 totally
                 Consum'd
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Men
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 However
                 ,
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 disappointed
                 in
                 his
                 Design
                 ,
                 yet
                 desisted
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 ,
                 but
                 urg'd
                 on
                 the
                 Siege
                 still
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 ,
                 supposing
                 that
                 Time
                 at
                 last
                 would
                 Crown
                 him
                 with
                 Victory
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Ptolemy
                 having
                 receiv'd
                 Intelligence
                 how
                 his
                 Forces
                 were
                 routed
                 ,
                 sets
                 Sail
                 from
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 well
                 furnish'd
                 both
                 for
                 Sea
                 Land
                 ;
                 and
                 arriving
                 at
                 Paphos
                 in
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 
                 took
                 Boats
                 and
                 went
                 to
                 Citium
                 ,
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Furlongs
                 from
                 Salamis
                 .
                 His
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 consisted
                 of
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 forty
                 *
                 Long
                 Ships
                 ,
                 the
                 biggest
                 whereof
                 was
                 of
                 Five
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 least
                 of
                 Four
                 ;
                 and
                 these
                 were
                 attended
                 with
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Ships
                 of
                 Burden
                 ,
                 carrying
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 From
                 thence
                 Ptolemy
                 dispatch'd
                 away
                 by
                 Land
                 ,
                 some
                 Messengers
                 to
                 Menelaus
                 ,
                 to
                 bid
                 him
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 send
                 him
                 (
                 if
                 possibly
                 he
                 could
                 )
                 those
                 Ships
                 that
                 were
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 Port
                 of
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 Sixty
                 Sail.
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 hopes
                 ,
                 that
                 with
                 this
                 Addition
                 ,
                 having
                 made
                 his
                 Navy
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Sail
                 ,
                 (
                 if
                 he
                 should
                 come
                 to
                 a
                 Sea
                 Fight
                 )
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 Victorious
                 .
                 But
                 Demetrius
                 foreseeing
                 what
                 might
                 be
                 in
                 contriving
                 ,
                 left
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 Mans
                 all
                 his
                 Vessels
                 with
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ;
                 and
                 places
                 his
                 Engines
                 to
                 shoot
                 Stones
                 ,
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 Darts
                 of
                 three
                 Spans
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Forecastles
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 .
                 Then
                 with
                 his
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 Top
                 and
                 Top-Gallant
                 ,
                 ready
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 Battel
                 ,
                 he
                 sail'd
                 about
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 cast
                 Anchor
                 about
                 a
                 Dart's
                 Cast
                 from
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 lay
                 all
                 Night
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 prevent
                 that
                 Fleet
                 in
                 the
                 Port
                 from
                 joining
                 with
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 waiting
                 the
                 coming
                 up
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 being
                 himself
                 then
                 prepar'd
                 to
                 fight
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 Potlemy
                 sets
                 sail
                 for
                 Salamis
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 regard
                 he
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 
                 Fleet
                 a
                 great
                 Number
                 of
                 Tenders
                 ,
                 his
                 Navy
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 exceeding
                 great
                 :
                 Demetrius
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 approach
                 ,
                 left
                 Antisthenes
                 ,
                 the
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 with
                 Ten
                 Ships
                 of
                 Five
                 
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 in
                 the
                 Fleet
                 that
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 Harbour
                 .
                 And
                 commanded
                 the
                 Horse
                 to
                 keep
                 near
                 the
                 Sea-side
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 ready
                 to
                 relieve
                 those
                 that
                 should
                 swim
                 to
                 Land
                 ,
                 in
                 case
                 any
                 Misfortune
                 should
                 happen
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 drew
                 up
                 his
                 Fleet
                 in
                 a
                 Line
                 of
                 Battel
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 towards
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 having
                 not
                 above
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Eight
                 Sail
                 ,
                 with
                 those
                 taken
                 in
                 the
                 Forts
                 that
                 were
                 Deserted
                 .
                 The
                 greatest
                 of
                 which
                 Ships
                 were
                 of
                 Seven
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 most
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 of
                 Five
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Left
                 Wing
                 were
                 Seven
                 Phaenician
                 Gallies
                 of
                 Seven
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 ,
                 and
                 Thirty
                 Athenian
                 Vessels
                 of
                 Four
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 ,
                 commanded
                 by
                 Medius
                 as
                 Admiral
                 .
                 To
                 support
                 these
                 ,
                 he
                 drew
                 up
                 Ten
                 Gallies
                 of
                 Six
                 Tire
                 of
                 
                 Oars
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 of
                 Five
                 ,
                 conceiving
                 it
                 Prudence
                 chiefly
                 to
                 guard
                 that
                 Wing
                 where
                 he
                 himself
                 intended
                 to
                 Engage
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 middle
                 Battel
                 he
                 plac'd
                 the
                 Least
                 Ships
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Themisus
                 ,
                 the
                 Samian
                 ,
                 and
                 Marsyas
                 ,
                 the
                 Writer
                 of
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Macedon
                 .
                 The
                 Right
                 Wing
                 was
                 commanded
                 by
                 Hegesippus
                 of
                 Halicarnassus
                 ,
                 and
                 Pleisthias
                 of
                 Coos
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 Lord
                 High
                 Admiral
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet.
                 
              
               
                 Ptolemy
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 ,
                 made
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Sail
                 he
                 could
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 time
                 towards
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 in
                 hopes
                 to
                 enter
                 the
                 Port
                 before
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 But
                 at
                 break
                 of
                 Day
                 spying
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Fleet
                 not
                 far
                 off
                 ready
                 Drawn-up
                 ,
                 he
                 likewise
                 forthwith
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 Battel
                 :
                 And
                 for
                 this
                 purpose
                 ordered
                 his
                 Transport-Ships
                 to
                 lie
                 off
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 ,
                 and
                 drew
                 up
                 the
                 rest
                 in
                 a
                 Line
                 :
                 He
                 himself
                 commanded
                 in
                 the
                 Left
                 Wing
                 ,
                 where
                 were
                 the
                 greatest
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 ready
                 to
                 defend
                 him
                 .
                 The
                 Fleets
                 being
                 thus
                 drawn
                 up
                 ,
                 both
                 sides
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 ancient
                 Custom
                 )
                 call'd
                 (
                 by
                 their
                 Priests
                 )
                 upon
                 their
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 follow'd
                 the
                 Noise
                 and
                 Cry
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 first
                 began
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Princes
                 seeing
                 now
                 all
                 (
                 both
                 Lives
                 and
                 Fortunes
                 )
                 ready
                 to
                 be
                 laid
                 at
                 Stake
                 ,
                 were
                 both
                 in
                 no
                 small
                 concern
                 .
                 Demetrius
                 now
                 not
                 a
                 Quarter
                 of
                 a
                 League
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 gave
                 the
                 Sign
                 of
                 Battel
                 which
                 was
                 before
                 agreed
                 upon
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 was
                 the
                 lifting
                 up
                 of
                 a
                 Golden
                 Target
                 visible
                 to
                 the
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 one
                 part
                 after
                 another
                 .
                 Ptolemy
                 doing
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 presently
                 the
                 Fleets
                 join'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Trumpets
                 sounded
                 a
                 Charge
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 Armies
                 setting
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 shout
                 ,
                 to
                 it
                 they
                 went
                 in
                 a
                 dreadful
                 and
                 terrible
                 Manner
                 .
                 At
                 first
                 they
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 Bows
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 Engines
                 to
                 shoot
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 Stones
                 ,
                 and
                 Darts
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 many
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 were
                 grievously
                 
                 gall'd
                 and
                 wounded
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 Ships
                 came
                 side
                 to
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 foul
                 with
                 great
                 Violence
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 ;
                 those
                 upon
                 the
                 Decks
                 fell
                 to
                 it
                 with
                 their
                 Launces
                 and
                 Spears
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Rowers
                 (
                 encourag'd
                 by
                 them
                 that
                 call'd
                 out
                 to
                 them
                 )
                 ply'd
                 their
                 Oars
                 with
                 extraordinary
                 eagerness
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 the
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Fierceness
                 and
                 Violence
                 of
                 the
                 Charge
                 ,
                 were
                 so
                 press'd
                 upon
                 each
                 side
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 brush'd
                 off
                 the
                 Oars
                 one
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 could
                 neither
                 Fly
                 nor
                 Pursue
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 disabled
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 on
                 board
                 from
                 making
                 a
                 vigorous
                 Defence
                 ,
                 by
                 putting
                 a
                 Check
                 to
                 the
                 Force
                 wherewith
                 they
                 might
                 otherwise
                 have
                 born
                 down
                 upon
                 their
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 others
                 so
                 forc'd
                 with
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 upon
                 one
                 another's
                 Poops
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 *
                 Row'd
                 a-Stern
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 to
                 repeat
                 their
                 strokes
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 they
                 upon
                 the
                 Hatches
                 mutually
                 wounded
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 having
                 his
                 Mark
                 near
                 and
                 plain
                 before
                 him
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 Captains
                 of
                 the
                 Vessels
                 struck
                 the
                 Broad-sides
                 of
                 their
                 Adversaries
                 Ships
                 with
                 that
                 Violence
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Beaks
                 stuck
                 fast
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 whereupon
                 they
                 boarded
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Ships
                 ,
                 giving
                 and
                 receiving
                 Wounds
                 and
                 Blows
                 on
                 either
                 side
                 :
                 Some
                 catching
                 hold
                 upon
                 the
                 sides
                 of
                 Ships
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 miss'd
                 Footing
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 attempts
                 to
                 board
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 tumbled
                 Headlong
                 into
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 forthwith
                 run
                 thrô
                 with
                 the
                 Lances
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 next
                 at
                 hand
                 Some
                 who
                 prevail'd
                 in
                 the
                 boarding
                 of
                 their
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 some
                 upon
                 their
                 first
                 Entrance
                 ,
                 and
                 drave
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 in
                 rucks
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 flung
                 them
                 over-board
                 .
                 In
                 fine
                 ,
                 various
                 and
                 sudden
                 were
                 the
                 Turns
                 and
                 Changes
                 of
                 Fortune
                 in
                 this
                 Battel
                 ;
                 while
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 worsted
                 now
                 ,
                 were
                 presently
                 
                 after
                 Conquerors
                 by
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 over-topping
                 their
                 Adversaries
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 the
                 Conquerors
                 again
                 brought
                 into
                 Streights
                 ,
                 by
                 being
                 driven
                 into
                 ill
                 Stations
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 other
                 unaccountable
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 which
                 frequently
                 happen
                 in
                 these
                 Cases
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 Land-Fights
                 Valour
                 apparently
                 carries
                 the
                 Day
                 ,
                 when
                 no
                 unusual
                 Misfortune
                 intervenes
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 Sea-Fights
                 there
                 are
                 many
                 and
                 various
                 Accidents
                 often
                 fall
                 out
                 ,
                 which
                 sometimes
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 ruine
                 them
                 ,
                 whose
                 Valour
                 otherwise
                 would
                 certainly
                 and
                 most
                 justly
                 have
                 brought
                 them
                 off
                 Victorious
                 .
                 Of
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 Demetrius
                 placing
                 himself
                 upon
                 the
                 Stern
                 of
                 his
                 Gally
                 of
                 Seven
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 ,
                 behav'd
                 himself
                 with
                 most
                 Gallantry
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 surrounded
                 with
                 Throngs
                 of
                 Enemies
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 he
                 so
                 bestirr'd
                 himself
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 strew'd
                 the
                 Decks
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 some
                 by
                 Darts
                 at
                 a
                 Distance
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 by
                 his
                 Lance
                 Hand
                 to
                 Hand
                 :
                 Showers
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 other
                 Weapons
                 it's
                 true
                 were
                 cast
                 at
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 some
                 he
                 nimbly
                 declin'd
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 on
                 his
                 Target
                 and
                 other
                 defensive
                 Arms
                 that
                 he
                 then
                 wore
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Conflict
                 there
                 were
                 Three
                 that
                 stuck
                 close
                 to
                 him
                 as
                 his
                 Assistants
                 ,
                 whereof
                 one
                 was
                 run
                 through
                 and
                 Slain
                 with
                 a
                 Lance
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 two
                 were
                 both
                 wounded
                 .
                 
                 But
                 at
                 length
                 ,
                 Demetrius
                 repuls'd
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 the
                 Right
                 Wing
                 to
                 a
                 total
                 Rout
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 next
                 to
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 On
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 Ptolemy
                 who
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 the
                 greatest
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 best
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 easily
                 broke
                 that
                 Party
                 that
                 oppos'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 them
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 sinking
                 some
                 of
                 
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 others
                 with
                 the
                 Men
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 returning
                 from
                 the
                 Pursuit
                 ,
                 thought
                 to
                 have
                 done
                 the
                 like
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 ,
                 he
                 found
                 his
                 Left
                 Wing
                 totally
                 routed
                 by
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 and
                 him
                 in
                 hot
                 pursuit
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 made
                 back
                 to
                 Citium
                 .
                 But
                 Demetrius
                 now
                 being
                 Conqueror
                 ,
                 committed
                 his
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 to
                 Neon
                 and
                 Burichus
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 pursue
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 such
                 as
                 they
                 found
                 Swimming
                 for
                 their
                 Lives
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Ships
                 richly
                 adorn'd
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 taken
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 tow'd
                 along
                 after
                 small
                 Skiffs
                 ,
                 return'd
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Camp
                 and
                 Port
                 whence
                 he
                 set
                 out
                 .
              
               
                 Mean
                 while
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 very
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Fight
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 Menelaus
                 ,
                 Governor
                 of
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 sent
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 Aid
                 of
                 Ptolemy
                 the
                 Sixty
                 Ships
                 compleatly
                 Man'd
                 and
                 Arm'd
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Menetius
                 ,
                 who
                 Engaging
                 with
                 those
                 Ships
                 in
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 
                 that
                 were
                 set
                 to
                 keep
                 him
                 in
                 ,
                 Charg'd
                 through
                 them
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 they
                 fled
                 for
                 Safety
                 to
                 the
                 Army
                 that
                 was
                 at
                 Land.
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 Menetians
                 were
                 in
                 open
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 perceiv'd
                 that
                 they
                 came
                 too
                 late
                 ,
                 they
                 return'd
                 back
                 to
                 Salamis
                 .
                 This
                 being
                 the
                 Issue
                 of
                 this
                 Fight
                 there
                 were
                 taken
                 above
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 ,
                 wherein
                 there
                 were
                 almost
                 Eight
                 Thousand
                 Soldiers
                 :
                 Of
                 Ships
                 of
                 War
                 he
                 took
                 Forty
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Men
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 bilg'd
                 in
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 about
                 Fourscore
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 almost
                 full
                 of
                 Water
                 in
                 the
                 Hold
                 ,
                 they
                 hawl'd
                 to
                 Land
                 under
                 the
                 Camp
                 near
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Demetrius
                 had
                 Twenty
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Ships
                 much
                 damnify'd
                 in
                 this
                 Fight
                 ,
                 which
                 yet
                 being
                 Refitted
                 and
                 Rigg'd
                 up
                 again
                 ,
                 prov'd
                 Serviceable
                 as
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 Ptolemy
                 seeing
                 no
                 good
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 in
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 return'd
                 in
                 Aegypt
                 .
                 But
                 Demetrius
                 having
                 taken
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 Towns
                 and
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 distributed
                 the
                 Garison
                 Soldiers
                 among
                 his
                 own
                 Companies
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 Sixteen
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Six
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 :
                 And
                 put
                 Messengers
                 on
                 board
                 the
                 Greatest
                 Ship
                 in
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 sent
                 them
                 to
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 he
                 had
                 gain'd
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 Antigonus
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 News
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 transported
                 with
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Victory
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 put
                 a
                 Diadem
                 upon
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 that
                 time
                 assum'd
                 the
                 Stile
                 and
                 Title
                 of
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 allow'd
                 Demetrius
                 to
                 do
                 the
                 same
                 .
                 And
                 Ptolemy
                 also
                 ,
                 not
                 
                 at
                 all
                 willing
                 to
                 hang
                 the
                 Head
                 at
                 his
                 late
                 ill
                 Success
                 ,
                 took
                 the
                 Crown
                 and
                 Title
                 of
                 a
                 King
                 to
                 himself
                 likewise
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 Letters
                 from
                 that
                 time
                 forward
                 wrote
                 himself
                 King
                 :
                 And
                 by
                 their
                 Example
                 ,
                 other
                 Governors
                 of
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 as
                 Seleucus
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 lately
                 subdu'd
                 the
                 Upper
                 Provinces
                 ;
                 and
                 Lysimachus
                 and
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 who
                 held
                 the
                 Provinces
                 first
                 allotted
                 them
                 ,
                 all
                 proclaim'd
                 themselves
                 Kings
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 now
                 spoken
                 sufficient
                 concerning
                 these
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 proceed
                 to
                 give
                 a
                 distinct
                 Account
                 of
                 things
                 further
                 done
                 in
                 Africa
                 and
                 Sicily
                 .
              
               
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 heard
                 that
                 the
                 Governors
                 of
                 the
                 Provinces
                 before-mentioned
                 had
                 taken
                 upon
                 them
                 the
                 Dignity
                 of
                 Crown'd
                 Heads
                 ,
                 judging
                 himself
                 no
                 way
                 inferior
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 either
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Strength
                 and
                 Power
                 of
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 Largeness
                 of
                 his
                 Dominions
                 ,
                 or
                 Memorable
                 Actions
                 ,
                 took
                 upon
                 him
                 likewise
                 the
                 Name
                 and
                 Title
                 of
                 a
                 King
                 :
                 But
                 yet
                 did
                 not
                 think
                 fit
                 to
                 wear
                 a
                 Diadem
                 :
                 For
                 from
                 the
                 very
                 time
                 of
                 his
                 first
                 aspiring
                 to
                 the
                 Principality
                 he
                 wore
                 a
                 Crown
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 a
                 Priest
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 never
                 laid
                 aside
                 all
                 the
                 time
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 Contest
                 for
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 always
                 wore
                 this
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 wanted
                 Hair.
                 And
                 now
                 he
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 business
                 to
                 do
                 something
                 worthy
                 of
                 the
                 honourable
                 Title
                 he
                 had
                 assum'd
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 led
                 his
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 Rebellious
                 Uticans
                 ,
                 and
                 surprising
                 them
                 on
                 the
                 sudden
                 
                 took
                 Three
                 hundred
                 of
                 them
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 abroad
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 first
                 he
                 pardon'd
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 requir'd
                 the
                 Surrender
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 But
                 those
                 within
                 refusing
                 so
                 to
                 do
                 ;
                 he
                 built
                 an
                 Engine
                 ,
                 and
                 hang'd
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 living
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 brought
                 it
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 .
                 The
                 Uticans
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 pity'd
                 the
                 miserable
                 Creatures
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 valu'd
                 more
                 their
                 Common
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 lin'd
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 abide
                 a
                 Siege
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 Agathocles
                 furnish'd
                 his
                 Engine
                 with
                 shot
                 ,
                 Slingers
                 and
                 Darters
                 ;
                 and
                 plying
                 them
                 with
                 shot
                 from
                 his
                 Machine
                 ,
                 began
                 the
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 terrify'd
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 even
                 cauteriz'd
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 were
                 upon
                 the
                 Walls
                 at
                 first
                 ,
                 scrupled
                 to
                 use
                 their
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 having
                 their
                 own
                 Citizens
                 plac'd
                 before
                 them
                 as
                 their
                 Marks
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 were
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Chief
                 Nobility
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Enemy
                 still
                 pressing
                 on
                 with
                 more
                 violence
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 endeavour
                 to
                 beat
                 off
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 plac'd
                 in
                 the
                 Engine
                 :
                 And
                 here
                 it
                 happen'd
                 that
                 the
                 Uticans
                 fell
                 
                 into
                 a
                 suddain
                 and
                 unexpected
                 misfortune
                 through
                 an
                 inevitable
                 necessity
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Greeks
                 exposing
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 they
                 took
                 abroad
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 Marks
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 fellow
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 constrain'd
                 either
                 to
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 Enemies
                 hands
                 ,
                 by
                 sparing
                 their
                 Townsmen
                 ,
                 or
                 unmercifully
                 to
                 kill
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 miserable
                 Creatures
                 in
                 defending
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 as
                 in
                 truth
                 it
                 happen'd
                 .
                 For
                 while
                 they
                 repuls'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Weapons
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 as
                 they
                 wounded
                 and
                 gall'd
                 them
                 that
                 manag'd
                 the
                 Engine
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 they
                 wounded
                 the
                 Citizens
                 that
                 hung
                 at
                 it
                 ,
                 shooting
                 some
                 through
                 ,
                 and
                 fastning
                 others
                 with
                 their
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 as
                 with
                 Nails
                 ,
                 to
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Machine
                 towards
                 which
                 the
                 Body
                 happen'd
                 to
                 move
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 their
                 Ignominy
                 and
                 Misfortune
                 resembled
                 that
                 of
                 the
                 Cross
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 some
                 suffer'd
                 (
                 as
                 Fortune
                 order'd
                 it
                 )
                 by
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 their
                 near
                 Relations
                 and
                 Friends
                 ;
                 Extremity
                 and
                 Necessity
                 not
                 allowing
                 any
                 Consideration
                 of
                 natural
                 Relation
                 .
              
               
                 Agathocles
                 perceiving
                 the
                 Townsmen
                 to
                 defie
                 all
                 danger
                 ,
                 and
                 throw
                 off
                 all
                 Regard
                 and
                 Affection
                 to
                 their
                 Countrymen
                 ,
                 begirt
                 the
                 City
                 round
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 violent
                 Assault
                 upon
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 weakest
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 broke
                 through
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 some
                 fled
                 into
                 their
                 Houses
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 into
                 the
                 Temples
                 :
                 Agathocles
                 being
                 enrag'd
                 ,
                 fill'd
                 all
                 places
                 with
                 Blood
                 and
                 Slaughter
                 :
                 Some
                 were
                 kill'd
                 in
                 heat
                 of
                 Fight
                 ,
                 others
                 that
                 were
                 taken
                 pris'ners
                 were
                 hang'd
                 up
                 afterwards
                 ;
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 fled
                 to
                 the
                 Temples
                 and
                 Altars
                 were
                 altogether
                 frustrated
                 of
                 their
                 hopes
                 .
                 After
                 he
                 had
                 rifl'd
                 and
                 plunder'd
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 a
                 Garrison
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 to
                 the
                 Cittadel
                 call'd
                 the
                 Horse-Castle
                 ,
                 naturally
                 defended
                 by
                 a
                 Lough
                 adjoyning
                 to
                 it
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 took
                 it
                 by
                 Storm
                 after
                 a
                 close
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 sharp
                 Fight
                 with
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 upon
                 the
                 Water
                 with
                 his
                 Gallies
                 .
                 Thus
                 having
                 subu'd
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 he
                 brought
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 inhabited
                 
                 in
                 the
                 heart
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 under
                 his
                 own
                 Power
                 ;
                 except
                 the
                 Numidians
                 ,
                 part
                 of
                 whom
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 were
                 in
                 continual
                 expectation
                 to
                 fight
                 it
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 .
              
               
                 Africa
                 was
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 divided
                 into
                 four
                 sorts
                 of
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 That
                 is
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 The
                 Poeni
                 ,
                 
                 who
                 inhabited
                 Carthage
                 .
                 The
                 
                   Libyan
                   Poeni
                
                 who
                 had
                 many
                 Cities
                 upon
                 the
                 Tracts
                 lying
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 Shoar
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 conjoyn'd
                 in
                 Affinity
                 by
                 Marriages
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 were
                 call'd
                 by
                 this
                 Name
                 that
                 imported
                 the
                 Denomination
                 of
                 both
                 People
                 .
                 The
                 most
                 Ancient
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 numerous
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 were
                 call'd
                 Africans
                 ,
                 who
                 hated
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 to
                 the
                 death
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 severity
                 of
                 their
                 Government
                 .
                 The
                 last
                 are
                 the
                 Numidians
                 ,
                 who
                 hold
                 a
                 vast
                 Tract
                 of
                 Lybia
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Desarts
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 tho'
                 he
                 was
                 now
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 his
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Army
                 ,
                 Conqueror
                 over
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 yet
                 being
                 much
                 concern'd
                 for
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 he
                 built
                 some
                 open
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 and
                 Skiffs
                 ,
                 row'd
                 with
                 Fifty
                 Oars
                 apiece
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 on
                 board
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 loos'd
                 from
                 Africa
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 towards
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 leaving
                 his
                 Son
                 Archagathus
                 Chief
                 Commander
                 and
                 Governor
                 of
                 Lybia
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 acting
                 Xenodocus
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 having
                 freed
                 
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 rais'd
                 the
                 hopes
                 of
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 all
                 be
                 restor'd
                 to
                 their
                 Ancient
                 Liberties
                 throughout
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 ,
                 led
                 out
                 his
                 Forces
                 against
                 Agathocles
                 his
                 Captains
                 ,
                 having
                 with
                 him
                 above
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 Leptines
                 and
                 Demophilus
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 ,
                 having
                 got
                 together
                 as
                 great
                 an
                 Army
                 as
                 possibly
                 they
                 could
                 out
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Garrisons
                 ,
                 encamp'd
                 against
                 him
                 with
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 and
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Twelve
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 sharp
                 Engagement
                 between
                 the
                 two
                 Armies
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Xenodocus
                 was
                 routed
                 ,
                 and
                 lost
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 fly
                 to
                 Agrigentum
                 .
                 The
                 Agrigentines
                 weaken'd
                 by
                 this
                 loss
                 ,
                 left
                 off
                 their
                 Honourable
                 Design
                 ,
                 and
                 frustrated
                 the
                 hopes
                 wherewith
                 they
                 had
                 fill'd
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 the
                 Confederates
                 .
                 Presently
                 after
                 the
                 Battle
                 ,
                 Agathocles
                 landed
                 at
                 Selinunt
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 shortly
                 forc'd
                 the
                 Heracleots
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 regain'd
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 to
                 stoop
                 again
                 to
                 his
                 Government
                 :
                 Thence
                 marching
                 into
                 another
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 he
                 brought
                 under
                 the
                 Thermites
                 ,
                 (
                 whose
                 City
                 was
                 held
                 by
                 a
                 Carthaginian
                 Garrison
                 )
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 Hostages
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 took
                 Cephaloedium
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Leptines
                 
                 Governor
                 .
                 Then
                 marching
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 heart
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 he
                 attempted
                 to
                 have
                 enter'd
                 Centorippa
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 a
                 Faction
                 he
                 had
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Treachery
                 being
                 discover'd
                 the
                 Garrison
                 Soldiers
                 fell
                 in
                 upon
                 him
                 and
                 drave
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 above
                 Five
                 hundred
                 of
                 his
                 Men.
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Apolloniats
                 sent
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 their
                 City
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 he
                 forthwith
                 made
                 thither
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Traitors
                 being
                 apprehended
                 and
                 punished
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 nothing
                 of
                 it
                 the
                 
                 first
                 Day
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 next
                 ,
                 after
                 many
                 hardships
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 he
                 at
                 length
                 with
                 much
                 ado
                 gain'd
                 the
                 place
                 ;
                 and
                 putting
                 multitudes
                 of
                 the
                 Apelloniats
                 to
                 the
                 
                 Sword
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 the
                 Town
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 plunder
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 While
                 Agathocles
                 was
                 thus
                 imploy'd
                 ,
                 Dinocrates
                 the
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 Exiles
                 reviv'd
                 the
                 prosecution
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 design
                 of
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 ,
                 and
                 declar'd
                 himself
                 Protector
                 of
                 the
                 Common
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 together
                 great
                 numbers
                 who
                 came
                 flocking
                 in
                 to
                 him
                 from
                 all
                 parts
                 .
                 Some
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 natural
                 love
                 of
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 were
                 at
                 his
                 Devotion
                 .
                 Having
                 
                 therefore
                 now
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 all
                 accustom'd
                 to
                 the
                 hadships
                 and
                 toils
                 of
                 Exiles
                 )
                 he
                 took
                 the
                 Field
                 ,
                 and
                 dar'd
                 Agathocles
                 to
                 a
                 Battel
                 .
                 But
                 Agathocles
                 being
                 much
                 inferior
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 running
                 Fight
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 Dinocrates
                 still
                 pressing
                 close
                 at
                 his
                 heels
                 ,
                 often
                 gain'd
                 several
                 advantages
                 *
                 without
                 any
                 difficulty
                 .
                 From
                 this
                 time
                 forward
                 things
                 began
                 to
                 go
                 backwards
                 with
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 in
                 Africa
                 .
                 For
                 Archagathus
                 left
                 General
                 there
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 Father
                 was
                 gone
                 ,
                 sent
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 into
                 the
                 Upper
                 Countries
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Eumachus
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 first
                 was
                 successful
                 ;
                 for
                 Eumachus
                 took
                 the
                 great
                 City
                 Tocas
                 ,
                 and
                 subdu'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Numidians
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 took
                 another
                 Town
                 
                 call'd
                 Phellina
                 ,
                 and
                 subdu'd
                 the
                 bordering
                 Inhabitants
                 call'd
                 Asphodelodians
                 ,
                 who
                 are
                 as
                 black
                 as
                 the
                 Aethiopians
                 .
                 He
                 gain'd
                 likewise
                 Maschala
                 ,
                 an
                 exceeding
                 large
                 City
                 ,
                 anciently
                 inhabited
                 by
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 that
                 planted
                 there
                 in
                 their
                 return
                 from
                 Troy
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 related
                 in
                 the
                 Third
                 Book
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 brought
                 under
                 the
                 Citadel
                 call'd
                 the
                 
                 Horse-Castle
                 ,
                 formerly
                 taken
                 by
                 Agathocles
                 :
                 The
                 last
                 Town
                 he
                 gain'd
                 was
                 Acris
                 ,
                 a
                 Free
                 City
                 ,
                 the
                 Plunder
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 gave
                 to
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 sold
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 for
                 Slaves
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 loaden
                 with
                 spoil
                 return'd
                 to
                 Archagathus
                 to
                 the
                 Camp.
                 
              
               
                 His
                 Name
                 being
                 now
                 up
                 for
                 a
                 brave
                 and
                 valiant
                 Man
                 ,
                 he
                 undertook
                 another
                 Expedition
                 into
                 the
                 Higher
                 Africa
                 ;
                 and
                 passing
                 by
                 the
                 places
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 lately
                 taken
                 ,
                 he
                 inconsiderately
                 broke
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 call'd
                 Mittines
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 coming
                 upon
                 him
                 in
                 a
                 full
                 Body
                 in
                 the
                 Streets
                 ,
                 they
                 so
                 far
                 prevail'd
                 ,
                 that
                 unexpectedly
                 they
                 drave
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 again
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 his
                 Men.
                 Thence
                 he
                 march'd
                 away
                 over
                 an
                 high
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 Wild
                 Cats
                 ;
                 there
                 no
                 kind
                 of
                 Birds
                 bred
                 ,
                 either
                 in
                 Trees
                 ,
                 Holes
                 ,
                 or
                 elsewhere
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 greedy
                 nature
                 of
                 these
                 Beasts
                 .
                 Having
                 pass'd
                 over
                 these
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 he
                 enter'd
                 into
                 a
                 Country
                 abounding
                 with
                 Apes
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 Three
                 Cities
                 in
                 the
                 Greek
                 Language
                 call'd
                 *
                 Pithecusae
                 :
                 But
                 their
                 Customs
                 are
                 far
                 different
                 from
                 ours
                 ;
                 for
                 these
                 Apes
                 are
                 as
                 familiar
                 in
                 the
                 Houses
                 as
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 worshipt
                 as
                 Gods
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 do
                 Dogs
                 .
                 These
                 Creatures
                 come
                 and
                 take
                 Meat
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Cellars
                 and
                 Butteries
                 ,
                 when
                 ever
                 they
                 are
                 hungry
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 disturbance
                 ;
                 and
                 Parents
                 use
                 to
                 name
                 their
                 Children
                 after
                 these
                 Apes
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 do
                 after
                 the
                 Gods
                 ;
                 whoever
                 kills
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 he
                 's
                 sure
                 to
                 die
                 as
                 a
                 notorious
                 Atheist
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 it
                 's
                 a
                 common
                 Proverb
                 amongst
                 some
                 of
                 
                 them
                 ,
                 If
                 a
                 Man
                 carry
                 himself
                 haughtily
                 and
                 proudly
                 ,
                 to
                 say
                 ,
                 
                   Thou
                   hast
                   drunk
                   the
                   Blood
                   of
                   an
                   Ape
                   .
                   Eumachus
                
                 took
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 Cities
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 raz'd
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 ground
                 ;
                 the
                 other
                 two
                 submitted
                 :
                 But
                 receiving
                 Intelligence
                 that
                 the
                 bordering
                 Barbarians
                 were
                 coming
                 against
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 hasted
                 away
                 as
                 fast
                 as
                 he
                 could
                 towards
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 this
                 very
                 time
                 all
                 things
                 succeeded
                 in
                 Lybia
                 according
                 to
                 Archagathus
                 his
                 hearts
                 desire
                 .
                 But
                 afterwards
                 the
                 Senate
                 of
                 Carthage
                 upon
                 more
                 mature
                 deliberation
                 order'd
                 their
                 Forces
                 to
                 be
                 divided
                 into
                 Three
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 march
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 one
                 to
                 the
                 Towns
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 ,
                 another
                 into
                 the
                 heart
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 third
                 into
                 the
                 upper
                 Africa
                 .
                 For
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 they
                 suppos'd
                 they
                 should
                 free
                 the
                 City
                 both
                 from
                 the
                 Siege
                 and
                 the
                 inconveniencies
                 through
                 scarcity
                 of
                 Provision
                 at
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 that
                 all
                 had
                 flockt
                 to
                 Carthage
                 from
                 every
                 place
                 round
                 ,
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 in
                 very
                 great
                 want
                 ,
                 having
                 now
                 spent
                 and
                 eaten
                 up
                 all
                 their
                 Provision
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 nothing
                 left
                 to
                 subsist
                 upon
                 ;
                 they
                 knew
                 likewise
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 danger
                 that
                 the
                 City
                 should
                 
                 be
                 taken
                 by
                 force
                 ,
                 because
                 it
                 lay
                 so
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 so
                 well
                 guarded
                 by
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 then
                 even
                 unaccessible
                 :
                 besides
                 ,
                 they
                 concluded
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 considerable
                 Armies
                 in
                 the
                 Field
                 ready
                 to
                 assist
                 their
                 Confederats
                 upon
                 occasion
                 they
                 would
                 remain
                 firm
                 and
                 constant
                 in
                 their
                 Alliance
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 of
                 more
                 weight
                 than
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 they
                 hop't
                 that
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 the
                 Enemy
                 would
                 be
                 forc'd
                 to
                 divide
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 gone
                 to
                 other
                 places
                 far
                 distant
                 from
                 Carthage
                 .
                 All
                 which
                 good
                 Councel
                 was
                 afterwards
                 crown'd
                 with
                 success
                 in
                 all
                 these
                 particulars
                 .
                 For
                 sending
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 Soldiers
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 not
                 only
                 Provision
                 sufficient
                 for
                 the
                 Merchants
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 glut
                 and
                 overplus
                 more
                 than
                 they
                 had
                 occasion
                 to
                 use
                 ;
                 and
                 those
                 Consederats
                 who
                 before
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 now
                 recollecting
                 themselves
                 ,
                 return'd
                 to
                 them
                 as
                 their
                 old
                 friends
                 and
                 Allies
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 Archagathus
                 perceiving
                 that
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 Armies
                 were
                 now
                 in
                 every
                 corner
                 of
                 Africa
                 ,
                 
                 divided
                 likewise
                 his
                 Army
                 ;
                 part
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 ,
                 half
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 he
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 Eschrion
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 half
                 he
                 led
                 himself
                 ,
                 leaving
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Garrison
                 at
                 Tunis
                 .
                 While
                 great
                 Armies
                 were
                 thus
                 marching
                 to
                 and
                 fro
                 all
                 over
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 expecting
                 a
                 suddain
                 Revolution
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 all
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 fear
                 and
                 amazment
                 in
                 expectation
                 of
                 what
                 would
                 be
                 the
                 Event
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Hanno
                 who
                 commanded
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Forces
                 that
                 march'd
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 heart
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 laid
                 an
                 Ambuscado
                 for
                 Eschrion
                 ,
                 and
                 surprizing
                 him
                 on
                 the
                 suddain
                 ,
                 cut
                 off
                 above
                 Four
                 thousand
                 of
                 his
                 Foot
                 and
                 Two
                 hundred
                 of
                 his
                 Horse
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 was
                 the
                 
                 General
                 himself
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 rest
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 remainder
                 escap'd
                 to
                 Archagathus
                 who
                 was
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Furlongs
                 from
                 the
                 place
                 .
                 Imilcon
                 General
                 in
                 the
                 Higher
                 Africa
                 first
                 posses'd
                 himself
                 of
                 a
                 City
                 near
                 to
                 Eumachus
                 ,
                 whose
                 Army
                 was
                 over-loaden
                 with
                 spoils
                 taken
                 out
                 of
                 several
                 Cities
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Grecians
                 notwithstanding
                 drew
                 up
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ,
                 and
                 offer'd
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 General
                 Battle
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 he
                 left
                 a
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ready
                 drawn
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 with
                 this
                 Order
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 saw
                 him
                 fly
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 sally
                 out
                 upon
                 the
                 pursuers
                 .
                 Marching
                 therefore
                 out
                 with
                 half
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 ingag'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 almost
                 close
                 under
                 their
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 presently
                 fled
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 fright
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 Eumachus
                 his
                 men
                 ,
                 proud
                 of
                 their
                 Victory
                 ,
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 in
                 disorder
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 that
                 confusion
                 follow'd
                 them
                 close
                 at
                 the
                 heels
                 ;
                 and
                 presently
                 on
                 a
                 suddain
                 issu'd
                 out
                 from
                 another
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 the
                 Body
                 before
                 drawn
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 one
                 word
                 of
                 Command
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 shout
                 ,
                 which
                 struck
                 the
                 pursuers
                 in
                 amaze
                 and
                 astonishment
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 other
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 
                 disorder
                 ,
                 and
                 surpris'd
                 beside
                 ,
                 the
                 Grecians
                 presently
                 fled
                 :
                 but
                 the
                 Enemy
                 having
                 blockt
                 up
                 the
                 passage
                 to
                 their
                 Camp
                 ,
                 the
                 Eumachians
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 turn
                 aside
                 to
                 the
                 next
                 Hill
                 ,
                 where
                 they
                 wanted
                 Water
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 set
                 round
                 by
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 they
                 almost
                 all
                 there
                 perish'd
                 ,
                 some
                 by
                 Thirst
                 and
                 others
                 by
                 the
                 Sword
                 ;
                 for
                 of
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 Thirty
                 only
                 escap'd
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 only
                 Forty
                 .
              
               
                 Archagathus
                 therefore
                 being
                 thus
                 distress'd
                 ,
                 left
                 Tunis
                 ,
                 and
                 recall'd
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 
                 (
                 he
                 had
                 sent
                 abroad
                 )
                 from
                 all
                 parts
                 ;
                 and
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 into
                 Sicily
                 to
                 give
                 an
                 account
                 to
                 his
                 Father
                 of
                 what
                 had
                 happen'd
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 intreat
                 him
                 to
                 hasten
                 over
                 with
                 assistance
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 .
                 Besides
                 these
                 misfortunes
                 other
                 inconveniences
                 and
                 mischiefs
                 overtook
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ;
                 for
                 all
                 their
                 Confederates
                 (
                 except
                 a
                 very
                 few
                 )
                 forsook
                 them
                 :
                 And
                 all
                 their
                 Enemies
                 join'd
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 Incampt
                 just
                 in
                 their
                 teeth
                 and
                 were
                 ready
                 to
                 swallow
                 them
                 up
                 .
                 For
                 Imilco
                 had
                 blockt
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 Passes
                 and
                 secur'd
                 the
                 Country
                 from
                 all
                 inroads
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 for
                 a
                 Hundred
                 Furlongs
                 distant
                 ;
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 Atarbas
                 had
                 plac'd
                 his
                 Camp
                 Forty
                 Furlongs
                 from
                 Tunis
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Greeks
                 hem'd
                 in
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 were
                 near
                 starv'd
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Provision
                 ;
                 and
                 nothing
                 but
                 Terror
                 and
                 Amazment
                 fill'd
                 every
                 place
                 .
                 While
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 this
                 sad
                 and
                 dreadful
                 condition
                 ,
                 Agathocles
                 receiving
                 
                 intelligence
                 of
                 the
                 destruction
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 in
                 Africa
                 ,
                 had
                 prepar'd
                 Seventeen
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 for
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 Archagathus
                 .
                 But
                 his
                 Affairs
                 in
                 Sicily
                 growing
                 every
                 day
                 worse
                 and
                 worse
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 the
                 Exiles
                 with
                 Dinocrates
                 increasing
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 the
                 managment
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 to
                 Leptines
                 and
                 his
                 Captains
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 having
                 Mann'd
                 his
                 Ships
                 ,
                 waited
                 only
                 for
                 an
                 opportunity
                 how
                 to
                 get
                 out
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 Thirty
                 Carthaginian
                 Ships
                 lay
                 in
                 the
                 mouth
                 of
                 the
                 Harbour-But
                 at
                 a
                 time
                 after
                 when
                 Eighteen
                 Ships
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 his
                 assistance
                 from
                 Hetruria
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 pass'd
                 by
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 into
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 that
                 occasion
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 a
                 stratagem
                 deluded
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 charg'd
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Fleet
                 to
                 lie
                 still
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 by
                 making
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Port
                 should
                 draw
                 off
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 to
                 pursue
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 therefore
                 he
                 goes
                 with
                 seventeen
                 Sail
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 wind
                 he
                 could
                 make
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Fleet
                 forthwith
                 pursu'd
                 :
                 But
                 Agathocles
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 saw
                 that
                 the
                 Hetrurians
                 were
                 got
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 presently
                 Tackt
                 about
                 and
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 
                 Carthaginians
                 surpriz'd
                 with
                 the
                 unexpectedness
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 surrounded
                 with
                 their
                 Enemies
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 terror
                 made
                 away
                 and
                 sled
                 ;
                 the
                 Grecians
                 then
                 took
                 Five
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Men
                 in
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Admiral
                 (
                 seeing
                 the
                 Ship
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 was
                 upon
                 the
                 point
                 of
                 being
                 taken
                 )
                 kill'd
                 himself
                 ,
                 preferring
                 death
                 
                 before
                 Captivity
                 ,
                 which
                 then
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 )
                 was
                 just
                 at
                 hand
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 took
                 no
                 right
                 measures
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Ship
                 Thy
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 a
                 happy
                 Gale
                 of
                 Wind
                 got
                 off
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 the
                 little
                 Trinket
                 Sail.
                 hus
                 Agathocles
                 who
                 never
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 hop'd
                 to
                 overcome
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 unexpectedly
                 beat
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 Sea
                 fight
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 thenceforth
                 Master
                 of
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 he
                 secur'd
                 the
                 Passage
                 for
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 the
                 Merchants
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 having
                 Provision
                 brought
                 in
                 from
                 all
                 parts
                 ,
                 instead
                 of
                 their
                 former
                 
                 scarcity
                 of
                 every
                 thing
                 necessary
                 ,
                 presently
                 abounded
                 in
                 the
                 plenty
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 .
              
               
               
                 Agathocles
                 lifted
                 up
                 with
                 this
                 success
                 ,
                 sent
                 Leptimes
                 away
                 to
                 spoll
                 and
                 harrass
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Countries
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 :
                 For
                 Xenodocus
                 was
                 in
                 disgrace
                 amongst
                 his
                 fellow
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 blacken'd
                 by
                 his
                 Adversaries
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 late
                 overthrow
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 troubl'd
                 with
                 Mutinies
                 and
                 Seditions
                 :
                 Therefore
                 he
                 commanded
                 Leptines
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 his
                 business
                 to
                 draw
                 him
                 out
                 to
                 fight
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 could
                 possibly
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 easie
                 thing
                 to
                 vanquish
                 an
                 Army
                 that
                 was
                 in
                 Divisions
                 and
                 Mutinies
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 beaten
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 ;
                 which
                 afterwards
                 hapned
                 accordingly
                 .
                 For
                 Leptines
                 making
                 an
                 inroad
                 into
                 the
                 Territories
                 of
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 harrass'd
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 all
                 before
                 them
                 :
                 Xenodocus
                 looking
                 upon
                 himself
                 too
                 weak
                 ,
                 lay
                 quiet
                 and
                 still
                 at
                 first
                 ;
                 but
                 
                 being
                 call'd
                 a
                 Coward
                 by
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 out
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 near
                 as
                 many
                 as
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 but
                 far
                 inferior
                 to
                 them
                 for
                 Courage
                 and
                 Resolution
                 ;
                 because
                 the
                 Citizens
                 had
                 liv'd
                 altogether
                 in
                 ease
                 and
                 idleness
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 had
                 been
                 us'd
                 to
                 lie
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 field
                 ,
                 and
                 continually
                 inur'd
                 to
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 hardships
                 .
                 A
                 Battle
                 therefore
                 being
                 fought
                 between
                 them
                 ,
                 those
                 with
                 Leptines
                 presently
                 put
                 the
                 Agrigentines
                 to
                 flight
                 ,
                 and
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 even
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 :
                 There
                 were
                 kill'd
                 of
                 those
                 thus
                 Routed
                 about
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Foot
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Horse
                 .
                 The
                 Agrigentines
                 being
                 grievously
                 incens'd
                 with
                 these
                 losses
                 one
                 after
                 another
                 ,
                 summon'd
                 Xenodocus
                 to
                 his
                 Trial
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 Two
                 Overthrows
                 and
                 slaughters
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ;
                 who
                 fearing
                 the
                 severity
                 of
                 the
                 Sentence
                 he
                 was
                 like
                 to
                 fall
                 under
                 ,
                 fled
                 to
                 Gela.
                 
              
               
                 Agathocles
                 having
                 conquer'd
                 his
                 Enemies
                 both
                 at
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 days
                 time
                 ,
                 
                 sacrific'd
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 and
                 entertain'd
                 his
                 friends
                 with
                 sumptuous
                 Feasts
                 ,
                 and
                 Royal
                 Banquettings
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 his
                 feasting
                 and
                 quaffing
                 he
                 laid
                 aside
                 all
                 his
                 Ensigns
                 of
                 Royalty
                 ,
                 and
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 and
                 appear'd
                 as
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 meanest
                 among
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 he
                 did
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 to
                 gain
                 upon
                 the
                 good
                 will
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 sought
                 thus
                 to
                 purchase
                 :
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 second
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 giving
                 every
                 Man
                 free
                 liberty
                 in
                 their
                 Cups
                 to
                 say
                 what
                 they
                 pleas'd
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 might
                 the
                 better
                 learn
                 how
                 every
                 one
                 stood
                 affected
                 towards
                 him
                 .
                 For
                 by
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 Wine
                 Truth
                 often
                 appears
                 from
                 behind
                 the
                 Hanging
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 naturally
                 of
                 a
                 jocund
                 and
                 jesting
                 Temper
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 not
                 sometimes
                 lose
                 his
                 Jest
                 
                 even
                 in
                 publick
                 Assemblies
                 ,
                 but
                 would
                 jeer
                 the
                 very
                 Senators
                 ,
                 and
                 mock
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 by
                 his
                 Apish
                 imitations
                 ,
                 in
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 he
                 would
                 often
                 set
                 the
                 People
                 a
                 laughing
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 seen
                 some
                 Jugler
                 or
                 Stageplaier
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 would
                 go
                 alone
                 to
                 the
                 publick
                 
                 Assemblies
                 ,
                 attended
                 only
                 by
                 the
                 common
                 People
                 ,
                 much
                 differing
                 from
                 the
                 practice
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 fearful
                 of
                 every
                 body
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 let
                 the
                 Hair
                 of
                 his
                 Head
                 and
                 Beard
                 grow
                 to
                 excess
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 principal
                 parts
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 at
                 the
                 mercy
                 of
                 a
                 Razor
                 :
                 And
                 when
                 ever
                 he
                 wanted
                 shaving
                 ,
                 or
                 polling
                 ,
                 he
                 burnt
                 off
                 the
                 Hair
                 ;
                 every
                 one
                 may
                 hereby
                 see
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 only
                 guard
                 for
                 Tyranny
                 is
                 Diffidence
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 of
                 Revelling
                 Agathocles
                 took
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 Golden
                 Bowl
                 ,
                 and
                 vaunted
                 that
                 he
                 never
                 left
                 off
                 the
                 Potters
                 Trade
                 ,
                 before
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 Cups
                 and
                 Bowls
                 exactly
                 of
                 that
                 shape
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 deny
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 glory
                 in
                 his
                 Trade
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Foil
                 that
                 set
                 off
                 with
                 more
                 lustre
                 that
                 high
                 state
                 and
                 dignity
                 to
                 which
                 his
                 own
                 Valour
                 had
                 advanc'd
                 him
                 from
                 a
                 mean
                 and
                 contemptible
                 Calling
                 .
              
               
                 Once
                 when
                 he
                 besieg'd
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Considerable
                 Cities
                 ,
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 from
                 the
                 Walls
                 call'd
                 out
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 O
                 *
                 Potter
                 !
                 †
                 
                   Sweep-Chimney
                   !
                   When
                   wilt
                   thou
                   pay
                   thy
                   Soldiers
                   ?
                
                 To
                 whom
                 he
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 
                   When
                   I
                   have
                   taken
                   and
                   raz'd
                   this
                   Place
                   .
                
              
               
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 found
                 out
                 by
                 the
                 Craft
                 of
                 his
                 carousing
                 and
                 festival
                 Jollity
                 who
                 were
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 he
                 invited
                 them
                 another
                 time
                 by
                 themselves
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 Five
                 hundred
                 other
                 
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 Men
                 of
                 brave
                 and
                 undaunted
                 Spirits
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 together
                 ,
                 he
                 surrounded
                 them
                 with
                 his
                 mercenary
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 murther'd
                 them
                 every
                 Man
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 terribly
                 afraid
                 ,
                 lest
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 gone
                 into
                 Africa
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 recall
                 Dinocrates
                 and
                 the
                 Refugees
                 ,
                 and
                 abrogate
                 his
                 Government
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 thus
                 settled
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 the
                 establishing
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 Principality
                 ,
                 he
                 
                 looses
                 from
                 Syracuse
                 :
                 When
                 he
                 landed
                 in
                 Africa
                 ,
                 he
                 found
                 there
                 in
                 the
                 Camp
                 nothing
                 but
                 Want
                 and
                 Desperation
                 ;
                 therefore
                 judging
                 it
                 most
                 for
                 his
                 Advantage
                 to
                 fight
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 Business
                 to
                 encourage
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 engage
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 draws
                 them
                 ail
                 out
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ,
                 and
                 offers
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 Battel
                 .
                 The
                 remainder
                 of
                 the
                 Foot
                 then
                 with
                 him
                 were
                 at
                 the
                 most
                 not
                 above
                 Six
                 thousand
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 many
                 
                   Celts
                   ,
                   Samnites
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Hetrurians
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Africans
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 stay'd
                 with
                 him
                 :
                 These
                 Africans
                 are
                 a
                 treacherous
                 sort
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 ever
                 upon
                 any
                 Occasion
                 running
                 over
                 from
                 one
                 Party
                 to
                 another
                 .
                 Besides
                 these
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 with
                 him
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 Six
                 thousand
                 African
                 Carriages
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 though
                 they
                 had
                 the
                 Advantage
                 of
                 a
                 high
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 difficult
                 access
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 willing
                 to
                 venture
                 all
                 at
                 once
                 with
                 Men
                 that
                 were
                 desperate
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 lying
                 still
                 in
                 their
                 Camp
                 (
                 where
                 
                 they
                 had
                 plenty
                 of
                 Provision
                 )
                 and
                 by
                 protracting
                 of
                 Time
                 ,
                 they
                 hop'd
                 to
                 starve
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 be
                 Masters
                 of
                 their
                 Camp
                 without
                 fighting
                 .
              
               
                 Agathocles
                 therefore
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 draw
                 the
                 Enemy
                 forth
                 to
                 a
                 Battel
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Field
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 necessitated
                 by
                 his
                 present
                 Circumstances
                 to
                 attempt
                 something
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 enter
                 upon
                 some
                 desperate
                 Action
                 ,
                 marches
                 up
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Camp
                 :
                 Thereupon
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 make
                 out
                 against
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 they
                 had
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 far
                 exceeded
                 him
                 in
                 number
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 yet
                 Agathocles
                 (
                 prest
                 hard
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 )
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 resolutely
                 bore
                 up
                 against
                 them
                 :
                 But
                 his
                 Mercenaries
                 
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 at
                 length
                 giving
                 Ground
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 retreat
                 to
                 his
                 Camp.
                 The
                 Barbarians
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 close
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Good-will
                 and
                 Favour
                 of
                 the
                 Africans
                 ,
                 they
                 past
                 by
                 them
                 without
                 doing
                 any
                 execution
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Greeks
                 (
                 whom
                 they
                 knew
                 by
                 their
                 Arms
                 )
                 they
                 kill'd
                 all
                 along
                 till
                 they
                 had
                 driven
                 the
                 rest
                 into
                 their
                 Camp.
                 There
                 were
                 slain
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 his
                 Men
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 Three
                 thousand
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 next
                 night
                 a
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 Disaster
                 fell
                 upon
                 both
                 the
                 Armies
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 sacrificing
                 the
                 most
                 eminent
                 and
                 considerable
                 Persons
                 among
                 their
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 in
                 Gratitude
                 to
                 their
                 Gods
                 for
                 the
                 Victory
                 they
                 had
                 gain'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Flame
                 rising
                 high
                 that
                 enwrapt
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 the
                 sacrific'd
                 Captives
                 ,
                 a
                 fierce
                 Wind
                 on
                 a
                 
                 sudden
                 carry'd
                 the
                 Flame
                 to
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Tabernacle
                 near
                 the
                 Altar
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 catch'd
                 and
                 burnt
                 it
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ;
                 thence
                 it
                 proceeded
                 to
                 the
                 General
                 's
                 Pavilion
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Officers
                 Tents
                 next
                 adjoining
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 arose
                 a
                 mighty
                 Consternation
                 ,
                 and
                 Astonishment
                 fill'd
                 the
                 whole
                 Camp
                 ,
                 while
                 some
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 quench
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 others
                 striving
                 to
                 carry
                 away
                 Arms
                 and
                 rich
                 Furniture
                 ,
                 were
                 consumed
                 by
                 the
                 Flames
                 .
                 The
                 
                 Tents
                 were
                 made
                 of
                 Reeds
                 and
                 Straw
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Fire
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 the
                 Wind
                 )
                 rag'd
                 the
                 more
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 that
                 by
                 its
                 quickness
                 ,
                 it
                 prevented
                 all
                 help
                 and
                 assistance
                 that
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 could
                 any
                 ways
                 contribute
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 Camp
                 being
                 presently
                 in
                 a
                 Flame
                 ,
                 many
                 in
                 strait
                 and
                 narrow
                 Passes
                 were
                 intercepted
                 by
                 the
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 burnt
                 to
                 death
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 they
                 presently
                 paid
                 for
                 their
                 Cruelty
                 to
                 the
                 Captives
                 ,
                 suffering
                 the
                 like
                 Punishment
                 as
                 a
                 Retaliation
                 of
                 their
                 Impiety
                 .
                 And
                 others
                 who
                 tumultuously
                 with
                 woful
                 Cries
                 got
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 were
                 pursu'd
                 with
                 another
                 and
                 greater
                 Misfortune
                 :
                 For
                 those
                 Africans
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 Agathocles
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Five
                 thousand
                 ,
                 deserted
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 flying
                 to
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 .
                 When
                 those
                 that
                 went
                 out
                 to
                 scout
                 ,
                 saw
                 
                 those
                 Deserters
                 make
                 towards
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 Camp
                 ,
                 thinking
                 the
                 whole
                 Grecian
                 Army
                 were
                 at
                 hand
                 ready
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 forthwith
                 gave
                 Intelligence
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Party
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 whole
                 Army
                 approach'd
                 :
                 Which
                 being
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 ,
                 Confusion
                 and
                 Dread
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 being
                 just
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 ran
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 Camp
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 every
                 one
                 plac'd
                 his
                 own
                 Safety
                 in
                 the
                 Swiftness
                 of
                 his
                 Heels
                 ;
                 and
                 
                 in
                 regard
                 no
                 Word
                 of
                 Command
                 was
                 given
                 by
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Officers
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 Order
                 kept
                 among
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 the
                 Run-aways
                 fell
                 down
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 ;
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 through
                 the
                 Darkness
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 out
                 of
                 excess
                 of
                 Fear
                 ,
                 fell
                 a
                 fighting
                 with
                 their
                 own
                 Men
                 ,
                 not
                 knowing
                 who
                 they
                 were
                 .
                 The
                 Mistake
                 still
                 continuing
                 and
                 encreasing
                 ,
                 
                 a
                 great
                 Slaughter
                 was
                 made
                 ;
                 and
                 some
                 were
                 kill'd
                 hand
                 to
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 running
                 away
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 a
                 surprizing
                 Fear
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 hast
                 ,
                 fell
                 down
                 steep
                 and
                 craggy
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 broken
                 in
                 pieces
                 ;
                 about
                 Five
                 thousand
                 of
                 them
                 being
                 destroy'd
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 at
                 length
                 got
                 to
                 Carthage
                 .
                 The
                 Citizens
                 within
                 the
                 Town
                 (
                 deceiv'd
                 by
                 the
                 Report
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Men
                 ,
                 )
                 believ'd
                 they
                 were
                 routed
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 was
                 cut
                 off
                 ;
                 in
                 this
                 fright
                 they
                 open'd
                 the
                 Gates
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 them
                 with
                 great
                 Terror
                 and
                 Amazement
                 into
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 fearing
                 lest
                 the
                 Enemy
                 should
                 likewise
                 break
                 in
                 at
                 the
                 Heels
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 though
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 full
                 Day
                 ,
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 understand
                 the
                 Truth
                 of
                 the
                 matter
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 could
                 scarce
                 allay
                 the
                 Fears
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 in
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 the
                 Evils
                 were
                 still
                 even
                 at
                 their
                 Doors
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 (
                 through
                 a
                 vain
                 Fear
                 and
                 foolish
                 Imagination
                 )
                 Agathocles
                 fell
                 into
                 a
                 Misfortune
                 something
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 kind
                 For
                 the
                 African
                 Deserters
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 burning
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Hurly-burly
                 and
                 Uproar
                 that
                 follow'd
                 thereupon
                 ,
                 
                 durst
                 not
                 march
                 forward
                 ,
                 but
                 made
                 their
                 way
                 back
                 to
                 the
                 place
                 from
                 whence
                 they
                 came
                 ;
                 whom
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 espying
                 to
                 make
                 towards
                 them
                 ,
                 they
                 took
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 gave
                 Intelligence
                 to
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 
                 Enemy
                 was
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 King's
                 Order
                 ,
                 they
                 cry'd
                 out
                 ,
                 
                   Arms
                   !
                   Arms
                
                 !
                 and
                 forthwith
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 came
                 pouring
                 out
                 in
                 great
                 Tumult
                 and
                 Confusion
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Camp
                 :
                 And
                 besides
                 all
                 this
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 the
                 Flame
                 in
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Camp
                 to
                 mount
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 heard
                 the
                 Shouts
                 and
                 Cries
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 the
                 more
                 confirm'd
                 in
                 their
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 were
                 making
                 towards
                 them
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Army
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 Excess
                 of
                 Fear
                 leaving
                 no
                 room
                 for
                 due
                 and
                 serious
                 Consideration
                 ,
                 Horror
                 and
                 Amazement
                 fill'd
                 the
                 whole
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 took
                 to
                 their
                 Heels
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 Africans
                 being
                 presently
                 mix'd
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 (
                 the
                 Night
                 causing
                 the
                 Mistake
                 )
                 every
                 one
                 oppos'd
                 him
                 that
                 he
                 met
                 ,
                 as
                 an
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 all
                 the
                 Night
                 long
                 dispers'd
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 wandering
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 in
                 a
                 Panick
                 Fear
                 ,
                 there
                 perish'd
                 of
                 them
                 above
                 Four
                 thousand
                 :
                 The
                 rest
                 (
                 with
                 much
                 ado
                 at
                 length
                 coming
                 to
                 understand
                 the
                 Mistake
                 )
                 return'd
                 safe
                 to
                 their
                 Camp.
                 And
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 both
                 Armies
                 deceiv'd
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Vanity
                   of
                   War
                
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 the
                 common
                 Proverb
                 is
                 )
                 fell
                 into
                 miserable
                 Disasters
                 .
                 After
                 which
                 Missortune
                 ,
                 being
                 now
                 deserted
                 by
                 the
                 Africans
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 not
                 sufficient
                 Forces
                 lest
                 to
                 contend
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 leave
                 Africa
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 thought
                 it
                 impossible
                 to
                 transport
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 both
                 wanted
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 and
                 heard
                 that
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 were
                 Masters
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 to
                 intercept
                 his
                 Passage
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 concluded
                 ,
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 (
                 whose
                 Forces
                 far
                 exceeded
                 his
                 )
                 would
                 never
                 make
                 Peace
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 rather
                 cut
                 off
                 every
                 Man
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 first
                 set
                 footing
                 upon
                 Africa
                 ,
                 to
                 deterr
                 all
                 others
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 from
                 the
                 like
                 Attempt
                 .
                 He
                 determin'd
                 therefore
                 to
                 slip
                 away
                 privately
                 
                 with
                 a
                 few
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 his
                 younger
                 Son
                 Heraclides
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 fear'd
                 lest
                 his
                 Son
                 Archagathus
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 daring
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 too
                 familiar
                 with
                 his
                 Stepmother
                 ,
                 would
                 plot
                 something
                 against
                 his
                 Life
                 :
                 But
                 Archagathus
                 smelling
                 out
                 his
                 Design
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 discover
                 the
                 Matter
                 to
                 those
                 Captains
                 and
                 Officers
                 as
                 should
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 defeat
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Contivance
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 purpose
                 strictly
                 observ'd
                 his
                 Motions
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 look'd
                 upon
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 base
                 and
                 unworthy
                 Thing
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 who
                 had
                 undergone
                 a
                 good
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Toils
                 and
                 Hazards
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 and
                 Brother
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 now
                 left
                 alone
                 as
                 a
                 Prey
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 without
                 all
                 Hopes
                 of
                 Deliverance
                 .
                 He
                 inform'd
                 therefore
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Captains
                 and
                 most
                 considerable
                 Officers
                 of
                 the
                 intended
                 Departure
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 and
                 his
                 Companions
                 the
                 next
                 night
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 all
                 the
                 Body
                 forthwith
                 made
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 not
                 on●y
                 put
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 his
                 Voyage
                 ,
                 but
                 acquainted
                 the
                 common
                 Soldiers
                 how
                 the
                 Plot
                 was
                 laid
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 both
                 griev'd
                 and
                 enrag'd
                 together
                 ,
                 laid
                 hold
                 on
                 him
                 and
                 bound
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 committed
                 him
                 to
                 custody
                 .
                 An
                 Anarchy
                 following
                 hereupon
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 nothing
                 
                 but
                 Tumult
                 and
                 Confusion
                 throughout
                 all
                 the
                 Camp
                 :
                 And
                 when
                 Night
                 came
                 on
                 ,
                 a
                 Rumour
                 was
                 spread
                 over
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 just
                 falling
                 in
                 amongst
                 them
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 all
                 were
                 so
                 possess'd
                 with
                 a
                 Panick
                 Fear
                 ,
                 that
                 having
                 none
                 to
                 Command
                 them
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 was
                 preparing
                 to
                 get
                 away
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 very
                 time
                 ,
                 they
                 that
                 had
                 the
                 Custody
                 of
                 the
                 Prince
                 ,
                 (
                 in
                 as
                 great
                 a
                 Consternation
                 as
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 )
                 thought
                 that
                 some
                 or
                 
                 other
                 call'd
                 them
                 forth
                 ;
                 who
                 thereupon
                 came
                 out
                 with
                 Agathocles
                 in
                 his
                 Chains
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 fight
                 ,
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 were
                 so
                 affected
                 with
                 Pity
                 and
                 Compassion
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 cry'd
                 out
                 ,
                 
                   Unloose
                   him
                   ,
                   let
                   him
                   go
                   .
                
              
               
                 Being
                 freed
                 from
                 his
                 Chains
                 ,
                 he
                 presently
                 after
                 with
                 a
                 small
                 Attendance
                 stole
                 away
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 took
                 Shipping
                 about
                 *
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 October
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 in
                 Winter-time
                 ,
                 and
                 away
                 he
                 got
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 to
                 preserve
                 himself
                 ,
                 forsook
                 his
                 Children
                 ;
                 whom
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 presently
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 News
                 of
                 their
                 Father's
                 Flight
                 ,
                 knock'd
                 on
                 the
                 Head
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 chose
                 Captains
                 from
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 upon
                 these
                 
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 viz.
                 
                 
                   That
                   the
                   Greeks
                   should
                   receive
                   Three
                   hundred
                   Talents
                   ,
                   and
                   should
                   restore
                   all
                   the
                   Towns
                   they
                   then
                   held
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   all
                   that
                   would
                   ,
                   might
                   take
                   up
                   Arms
                   
                   with
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   ,
                   and
                   receive
                   the
                   usual
                   Pay.
                   That
                   the
                   rest
                   should
                   be
                   transported
                   to
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   and
                   should
                   have
                   Selinunt
                   for
                   their
                   Habitation
                   .
                
                 The
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 faithful
                 to
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 agreed
                 ,
                 had
                 all
                 as
                 faithfully
                 perform'd
                 to
                 them
                 :
                 But
                 those
                 Cities
                 and
                 Towns
                 that
                 held
                 out
                 in
                 Hopes
                 and
                 Expectations
                 of
                 Relief
                 from
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 were
                 all
                 taken
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 ;
                 whose
                 several
                 Governors
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 crucifi'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 they
                 bound
                 in
                 Chains
                 ,
                 and
                 employ'd
                 them
                 to
                 Till
                 ,
                 and
                 Repair
                 by
                 their
                 own
                 Labours
                 ,
                 those
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 before
                 wasted
                 and
                 destroy'd
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 harrass'd
                 and
                 vext
                 with
                 a
                 Four
                 Years
                 War
                 ,
                 recover'd
                 their
                 former
                 Peace
                 and
                 Liberty
                 .
                 
              
               
                 In
                 this
                 Expedition
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 into
                 Africa
                 ,
                 any
                 one
                 may
                 observe
                 most
                 remarkable
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 in
                 the
                 Punishment
                 inflicted
                 upon
                 his
                 Sons
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 routed
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 he
                 lost
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 :
                 A
                 little
                 time
                 after
                 he
                 overcame
                 the
                 Conquerors
                 with
                 a
                 very
                 inconsiderable
                 Body
                 of
                 Men
                 in
                 Africa
                 .
                 In
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 being
                 thrown
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 coop'd
                 up
                 by
                 a
                 close
                 Siege
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 :
                 In
                 Africa
                 ,
                 he
                 gain'd
                 all
                 the
                 Towns
                 ,
                 except
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 and
                 closely
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 in
                 that
                 City
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 ,
                 Fortune
                 seem'd
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 her
                 Business
                 ,
                 to
                 let
                 every
                 one
                 see
                 what
                 Power
                 she
                 had
                 to
                 retrieve
                 those
                 Things
                 that
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 desperate
                 Condition
                 .
                 But
                 after
                 that
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 his
                 Prosperity
                 ,
                 had
                 murder'd
                 Opellas
                 ,
                 against
                 all
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 Friendship
                 and
                 Hospitality
                 ;
                 God
                 made
                 it
                 manifestly
                 apparent
                 
                 that
                 for
                 that
                 piece
                 of
                 Wickedness
                 acted
                 upon
                 that
                 Man
                 ,
                 whatever
                 happen'd
                 to
                 him
                 afterwards
                 was
                 order'd
                 and
                 dispens'd
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 hand
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 very
                 Month
                 and
                 Day
                 of
                 the
                 Month
                 that
                 he
                 kill'd
                 Ophellas
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 over
                 to
                 him
                 all
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 the
                 very
                 
                 same
                 Day
                 and
                 Month
                 he
                 again
                 lost
                 both
                 his
                 Sons
                 and
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 more
                 especially
                 to
                 be
                 observ'd
                 ,
                 was
                 ,
                 That
                 God
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 just
                 Law-giver
                 ,
                 inflicted
                 on
                 him
                 a
                 double
                 
                 Punishment
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 who
                 had
                 most
                 wickedly
                 destroy'd
                 his
                 Friend
                 ,
                 was
                 depriv'd
                 of
                 two
                 Sons
                 together
                 ,
                 even
                 by
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 came
                 along
                 with
                 Ophellas
                 .
                 This
                 Remark
                 ought
                 not
                 to
                 offend
                 those
                 ,
                 who
                 slight
                 and
                 despise
                 such
                 Providences
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 for
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 landed
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 hasty
                 flight
                 out
                 of
                 Africa
                 ,
                 he
                 
                 sent
                 for
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 march'd
                 to
                 the
                 Consederate
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Aegestines
                 :
                 And
                 being
                 in
                 want
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 exacted
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Estates
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 rich
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Place
                 were
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Inhabitants
                 .
                 This
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 took
                 very
                 heinously
                 ,
                 and
                 met
                 together
                 in
                 private
                 Cabals
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 finding
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 〈◊〉
                 were
                 plotting
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 brought
                 most
                 dreadful
                 Calamity
                 upon
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 For
                 drawing
                 out
                 all
                 the
                 Poor
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 he
                 cut
                 all
                 their
                 Throats
                 upon
                 the
                 Bank
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Scamander
                 :
                 And
                 all
                 those
                 who
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 richer
                 than
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 to
                 several
                 
                 Tortures
                 ,
                 to
                 force
                 them
                 to
                 confess
                 how
                 much
                 Money
                 they
                 had
                 :
                 For
                 some
                 he
                 broke
                 upon
                 the
                 Wheel
                 ;
                 others
                 he
                 bound
                 to
                 his
                 Engines
                 of
                 Battery
                 ,
                 and
                 shot
                 them
                 away
                 like
                 Stones
                 .
                 And
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 he
                 cut
                 out
                 the
                 Ankle-bones
                 of
                 their
                 Feet
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 cruel
                 and
                 unmerciful
                 Dealing
                 ,
                 put
                 them
                 to
                 most
                 horrible
                 Torments
                 .
                 He
                 invented
                 likewise
                 another
                 sort
                 of
                 
                 Punishment
                 not
                 much
                 unlike
                 the
                 
                   Phalerian
                   Bull
                
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 made
                 a
                 
                   Bed
                   of
                   Br●●s
                
                 exactly
                 after
                 the
                 shape
                 of
                 a
                 Man
                 ,
                 wherein
                 were
                 several
                 Openings
                 and
                 hollow
                 Places
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 :
                 Those
                 that
                 he
                 intended
                 to
                 torment
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 into
                 this
                 Bed
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 put
                 fire
                 under
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 burnt
                 them
                 to
                 Death
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 only
                 this
                 Engine
                 differ'd
                 from
                 the
                 Bull.
                 That
                 those
                 that
                 perish'd
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 consum'd
                 in
                 those
                 strait
                 and
                 narrow
                 Holes
                 ,
                 were
                 expos'd
                 to
                 the
                 view
                 of
                 every
                 one
                 .
                 He
                 would
                 likewise
                 break
                 in
                 pieces
                 the
                 Ankle-Bones
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 rich
                 Women
                 with
                 Iron
                 Pincers
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 Breasts
                 of
                 others
                 ;
                 and
                 would
                 sometimes
                 lay
                 a
                 weight
                 of
                 Tiles
                 upon
                 the
                 Loins
                 of
                 Women
                 with
                 Child
                 ,
                 till
                 he
                 forc'd
                 the
                 Child
                 to
                 leap
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 forcibly
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Womb.
                 While
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 was
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 find
                 out
                 all
                 the
                 Wealth
                 every
                 Body
                 had
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 was
                 in
                 Terror
                 and
                 Astonishment
                 ,
                 some
                 burnt
                 themselves
                 and
                 their
                 Houses
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 hang'd
                 themselves
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 Aegesta
                 ,
                 in
                 one
                 black
                 and
                 doleful
                 Day
                 ,
                 had
                 the
                 Prime
                 and
                 Flower
                 of
                 her
                 Youth
                 cut
                 off
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 young
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 transported
                 into
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 sold
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Brutii
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 the
                 very
                 Name
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 should
                 be
                 extinguish'd
                 and
                 forgotten
                 ,
                 he
                 call'd
                 it
                 
                   Dic
                   〈…〉
                   lis
                
                 ,
                 and
                 granted
                 it
                 for
                 an
                 Habitation
                 to
                 such
                 Runagates
                 as
                 came
                 over
                 to
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 he
                 heard
                 of
                 the
                 Murder
                 of
                 his
                 Sons
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 enrag'd
                 at
                 them
                 he
                 had
                 left
                 behind
                 
                 him
                 in
                 Africa
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 sent
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 to
                 his
                 Brother
                 Antandrus
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 with
                 Oders
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 cut
                 the
                 Throats
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Kindred
                 and
                 Relations
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 went
                 over
                 in
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Expedition
                 :
                 Who
                 thereupon
                 executing
                 what
                 he
                 was
                 
                 commanded
                 ,
                 committed
                 such
                 Slaughters
                 and
                 Murders
                 ,
                 as
                 were
                 never
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 before
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 hurried
                 away
                 to
                 Destruction
                 young
                 Men
                 in
                 the
                 prime
                 of
                 their
                 Age
                 ,
                 as
                 Brothers
                 ,
                 Fathers
                 ,
                 and
                 Children
                 ;
                 but
                 even
                 Grandfathers
                 and
                 Great-Grandfathers
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 happen'd
                 then
                 to
                 be
                 living
                 ,
                 tho'
                 they
                 had
                 one
                 Foot
                 even
                 in
                 the
                 Grave
                 ,
                 and
                 could
                 neither
                 see
                 nor
                 hear
                 through
                 extremity
                 of
                 old
                 Age
                 :
                 Nay
                 ,
                 even
                 Infants
                 carri'd
                 in
                 Arms
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 not
                 sensible
                 of
                 any
                 Harm
                 design'd
                 them
                 before
                 they
                 felt
                 it
                 :
                 They
                 dragg'd
                 away
                 likewise
                 to
                 Execution
                 ,
                 Women
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 were
                 Servants
                 or
                 Kindred
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 Africa
                 ,
                 and
                 whoever
                 else
                 that
                 (
                 by
                 their
                 Death
                 )
                 might
                 be
                 occasion
                 of
                 Grief
                 and
                 Sorrow
                 to
                 them
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 while
                 a
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 Persons
                 of
                 all
                 Ages
                 and
                 Sexes
                 were
                 hal'd
                 away
                 to
                 Execution
                 at
                 the
                 Sea-shore
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 Butchers
                 stood
                 ready
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 Tears
                 ,
                 earnest
                 Intreaties
                 upon
                 their
                 Knees
                 ,
                 and
                 wo
                 〈…〉
                 Lamentations
                 appear'd
                 every
                 where
                 ,
                 both
                 from
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 butcher'd
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 others
                 ;
                 who
                 so
                 far
                 compassionated
                 the
                 sad
                 Condition
                 of
                 their
                 Neighbours
                 ,
                 that
                 their
                 Hearts
                 were
                 as
                 full
                 of
                 Grief
                 ,
                 as
                 theirs
                 who
                 were
                 just
                 ready
                 to
                 die
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 grievous
                 of
                 all
                 was
                 ,
                 That
                 after
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Slaughrer
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 〈…〉
                 lses
                 lay
                 cast
                 forth
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 neither
                 Kinsman
                 nor
                 Friend
                 durst
                 bury
                 them
                 ,
                 lest
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 should
                 be
                 thought
                 Related
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 dead
                 .
                 The
                 Multitude
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 murder'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sea
                 was
                 did
                 with
                 〈…〉
                 od
                 a
                 long
                 way
                 off
                 ,
                 which
                 presented
                 to
                 the
                 Eye
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 the
                 Horridness
                 of
                 that
                 barbarous
                 Cruelty
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 CHAP.
                 IV.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Antigonus
                   his
                   March
                   into
                   Egypt
                   .
                   A
                   Tempest
                   near
                   Raphia
                   ,
                   where
                   he
                   lost
                   some
                   of
                   his
                   Ships
                   .
                   He
                   returns
                   into
                   
                     Syria
                     .
                     Dinocrates
                  
                   prevails
                   in
                   
                     Sicily
                     .
                     Agathocles
                  
                   is
                   willing
                   to
                   resign
                   his
                   Government
                   ;
                   but
                   Dinocrates
                   stands
                   off
                   .
                   What
                   was
                   done
                   in
                   
                     Italy
                     .
                     Antigonus
                  
                   his
                   War
                   with
                   the
                   
                     Rhodians
                     .
                     Rhodes
                  
                   besieg'd
                   by
                   
                     Demetrius
                     .
                     Agathocles
                  
                   routs
                   Dinocrates
                   his
                   great
                   Army
                   with
                   a
                   few
                   Men.
                   His
                   Cruelty
                   to
                   those
                   that
                   submitted
                   upon
                   Terms
                   ,
                   where
                   he
                   butchers
                   Seven
                   thousand
                   .
                   Dinocrates
                   in
                   Favour
                   with
                   Agathocles
                   ,
                   and
                   betrays
                   all
                   the
                   Confederates
                   .
                   What
                   was
                   done
                   in
                   Italy
                   .
                
              
               
                 THE
                 Year
                 following
                 Corybus
                 was
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Quintus
                   Martius
                
                 
                 and
                 
                   Publius
                   Cornelius
                
                 were
                 created
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 About
                 that
                 time
                 King
                 Antigonus
                 buri'd
                 his
                 youngest
                 Son
                 with
                 Royal
                 Pomp
                 and
                 Splendour
                 ;
                 and
                 calling
                 home
                 Demetrius
                 out
                 of
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 commanded
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 to
                 meet
                 at
                 his
                 new
                 City
                 Antigonia
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 purpos'd
                 to
                 march
                 from
                 thence
                 into
                 Aegypt
                 :
                 Wherefore
                 leading
                 the
                 Foot
                 himself
                 ,
                 he
                 pass'd
                 through
                 Coelo-Syria
                 ,
                 having
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Fourscore
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 above
                 Eight
                 
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 Fourscore
                 and
                 three
                 Elephants
                 :
                 He
                 made
                 Demetrius
                 Admiral
                 of
                 his
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 giving
                 him
                 order
                 to
                 keep
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 Shoar
                 in
                 sight
                 of
                 the
                 Land-Army
                 ,
                 having
                 in
                 all
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 fighting
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Hundred
                 more
                 of
                 Burden
                 ,
                 wherein
                 was
                 an
                 infinite
                 store
                 of
                 Arms
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 :
                 And
                 when
                 the
                 Pilots
                 told
                 him
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 were
                 to
                 stay
                 till
                 the
                 setting
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Seven
                   Stars
                
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 be
                 the
                 *
                 Eighth
                 Day
                 from
                 thence
                 ,
                 he
                 condemn'd
                 them
                 for
                 being
                 too
                 Timorous
                 .
                 Coming
                 to
                 Gaza
                 ,
                 and
                 purposing
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 Ptolemy
                 before
                 he
                 was
                 provided
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 commanded
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 take
                 with
                 them
                 Ten
                 Days
                 Victual
                 ;
                 and
                 getting
                 together
                 Camels
                 out
                 of
                 Arabia
                 ,
                 he
                 loaded
                 on
                 them
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 thirty
                 thousand
                 Bushels
                 of
                 Wheat
                 ,
                 and
                 infinite
                 store
                 of
                 Hay
                 upon
                 other
                 Beasts
                 
                 of
                 Carriage
                 ;
                 and
                 carrying
                 his
                 Munition
                 on
                 Carts
                 ,
                 went
                 through
                 the
                 Desart
                 ,
                 not
                 without
                 some
                 Trouble
                 to
                 the
                 Army
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 they
                 met
                 with
                 sundry
                 Fens
                 and
                 dirty
                 Places
                 by
                 the
                 way
                 ,
                 especially
                 about
                 the
                 Place
                 call'd
                 
                   Barathra
                   .
                   Demetrius
                
                 loosing
                 from
                 Gaza
                 in
                 the
                 dead
                 of
                 Night
                 ,
                 was
                 for
                 many
                 Days
                 together
                 becalm'd
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 lighter
                 Ships
                 were
                 fain
                 to
                 tow
                 the
                 Ships
                 of
                 Burden
                 after
                 them
                 with
                 Ropes
                 .
                 But
                 after
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 the
                 
                   Seven
                   Stars
                
                 were
                 set
                 ,
                 a
                 Northerly
                 Wind
                 arose
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 with
                 which
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 with
                 four
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 apiece
                 were
                 driven
                 on
                 shoar
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 Rhaphia
                 ,
                 where
                 was
                 no
                 commodious
                 Landing
                 for
                 them
                 :
                 But
                 of
                 those
                 which
                 carry'd
                 the
                 Artillery
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 
                 them
                 were
                 sunk
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 recover'd
                 Gaza
                 again
                 .
                 Yet
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 them
                 bare
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 under
                 the
                 Promontory
                 of
                 Cassius
                 :
                 That
                 Foreland
                 is
                 not
                 far
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 ,
                 but
                 is
                 no
                 place
                 fit
                 for
                 Shipping
                 ;
                 especially
                 if
                 any
                 Tempest
                 be
                 ,
                 there
                 is
                 no
                 coming
                 near
                 it
                 :
                 Wherefore
                 every
                 Ship
                 dropping
                 two
                 Anchors
                 apiece
                 ,
                 two
                 Furlongs
                 off
                 from
                 Land
                 ,
                 were
                 fain
                 to
                 ride
                 it
                 out
                 in
                 a
                 huge
                 Sea
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Dangers
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Fury
                 of
                 the
                 Waves
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 great
                 Danger
                 was
                 ,
                 lest
                 both
                 Men
                 and
                 Ships
                 should
                 sink
                 down
                 together
                 ;
                 and
                 because
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 fit
                 Landing
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 for
                 
                 that
                 the
                 Shoar
                 was
                 guarded
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 the
                 Vessels
                 could
                 neither
                 make
                 to
                 Land
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 swim
                 out
                 without
                 extream
                 Hazard
                 :
                 But
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 most
                 grievous
                 ,
                 was
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 had
                 spent
                 all
                 their
                 fresh
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 Reduc'd
                 to
                 that
                 extremity
                 of
                 Want
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 the
                 Tempest
                 lasted
                 but
                 one
                 day
                 longer
                 ,
                 they
                 must
                 all
                 necessarily
                 have
                 perish'd
                 for
                 very
                 Thirst
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 this
                 great
                 Extremity
                 of
                 theirs
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 expected
                 nothing
                 but
                 Death
                 ,
                 the
                 Storm
                 ceas'd
                 ;
                 Antigonus
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 there
                 encamp'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 weather-beaten
                 Men
                 came
                 ashoar
                 and
                 refresh'd
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 waited
                 for
                 the
                 Ships
                 that
                 were
                 separated
                 from
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 Storm
                 .
                 Nevertheless
                 there
                 were
                 lost
                 in
                 this
                 Tempest
                 Three
                 Ships
                 of
                 Five
                 Tires
                 of
                 Oars
                 apiece
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 some
                 Men
                 escap'd
                 alive
                 to
                 Land.
                 For
                 hence
                 Antigonus
                 remov'd
                 ,
                 and
                 sate
                 down
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 Two
                 Furlongs
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 .
                 But
                 Ptolemy
                 having
                 Mann'd
                 all
                 the
                 Bank
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 with
                 strong
                 Garisons
                 ,
                 sent
                 some
                 in
                 River-Boats
                 ,
                 with
                 Commands
                 ,
                 that
                 going
                 as
                 near
                 the
                 further
                 Bank
                 as
                 safely
                 they
                 could
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 there
                 proclaim
                 ,
                 That
                 if
                 any
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 Army
                 would
                 come
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 give
                 him
                 ,
                 if
                 a
                 common
                 Soldier
                 *
                 Two
                 Minas
                 ,
                 if
                 a
                 Captain
                 a
                 Talent
                 .
                 No
                 sooner
                 was
                 this
                 Proclamation
                 made
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 Multitude
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 which
                 serv'd
                 him
                 for
                 Pay
                 ,
                 grew
                 very
                 desirous
                 to
                 be
                 gone
                 ;
                 yea
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Captains
                 too
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 and
                 some
                 other
                 Reasons
                 ,
                 had
                 a
                 mind
                 to
                 go
                 also
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 Antigonus
                 perceiv'd
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 were
                 flying
                 away
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 
                 he
                 dispos'd
                 Archers
                 and
                 Slingers
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Engines
                 of
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 Shore
                 ,
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 from
                 flying
                 over
                 the
                 Water
                 in
                 Boats
                 ;
                 and
                 some
                 he
                 lighted
                 on
                 that
                 ran
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 those
                 he
                 put
                 to
                 horrible
                 Torments
                 ,
                 to
                 deter
                 others
                 from
                 the
                 like
                 .
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 gathering
                 together
                 his
                 Ships
                 that
                 came
                 in
                 after
                 the
                 Tempest
                 ,
                 though
                 late
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 went
                 to
                 a
                 Place
                 call'd
                 Pseudostomon
                 ,
                 thinking
                 there
                 to
                 have
                 Landed
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 found
                 a
                 strong
                 Garison
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 beaten
                 off
                 with
                 Bows
                 and
                 Slings
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Engines
                 
                 of
                 War
                 :
                 The
                 Night
                 therefore
                 drawing
                 on
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 his
                 way
                 ,
                 giving
                 Order
                 to
                 the
                 Masters
                 of
                 every
                 Ship
                 ,
                 to
                 follow
                 the
                 Admiral
                 's
                 Lanthorn
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 to
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 called
                 Phagneticum
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 next
                 Morning
                 ,
                 finding
                 that
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 had
                 lost
                 their
                 way
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 Anchor
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 send
                 away
                 the
                 swiftest
                 Ships
                 he
                 had
                 to
                 seek
                 them
                 out
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 time
                 thus
                 spent
                 and
                 protracted
                 ,
                 Ptolemy
                 being
                 advertis'd
                 of
                 the
                 approach
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 came
                 in
                 speedily
                 to
                 the
                 Relief
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 rang'd
                 his
                 Army
                 all
                 along
                 the
                 Shore
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 Demetrius
                 finding
                 no
                 possibility
                 of
                 Landing
                 here
                 neither
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 inform'd
                 that
                 the
                 Country
                 adjoining
                 was
                 naturally
                 fenc'd
                 with
                 Fens
                 and
                 Moorish
                 Grounds
                 ,
                 set
                 sail
                 and
                 return'd
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 going
                 ,
                 the
                 Wind
                 struck
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 North
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 mighty
                 Tempest
                 drove
                 three
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 of
                 Four
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 of
                 his
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 upon
                 the
                 Shore
                 ,
                 all
                 which
                 came
                 into
                 
                 Ptolemy's
                 hand
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 with
                 much
                 ado
                 recover'd
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 Camp.
                 Now
                 Ptolemy
                 had
                 plac'd
                 strong
                 Garisons
                 at
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Mouths
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Nile
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 an
                 infinite
                 Number
                 of
                 River-Boats
                 every
                 
                 where
                 ready
                 ,
                 stor'd
                 with
                 Darts
                 and
                 Slings
                 ,
                 and
                 Men
                 which
                 knew
                 well
                 how
                 to
                 use
                 them
                 ,
                 which
                 greatly
                 vex'd
                 and
                 troubled
                 Antigonus
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 at
                 Pelusium
                 being
                 strongly
                 guarded
                 by
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 he
                 could
                 make
                 no
                 use
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 at
                 all
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 Land
                 Forces
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 do
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
                 because
                 of
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 worse
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 long
                 Lying
                 ,
                 both
                 Food
                 for
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 Fodder
                 for
                 Cattle
                 began
                 to
                 grow
                 low
                 .
                 Wherefore
                 Antigonus
                 seeing
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 hang
                 the
                 Head
                 ,
                 
                 call'd
                 them
                 all
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 propounded
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 Captains
                 ,
                 Whether
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 were
                 best
                 ,
                 to
                 stay
                 and
                 Fight
                 it
                 out
                 now
                 ,
                 or
                 to
                 return
                 into
                 Syria
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 return
                 again
                 better
                 provided
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 the
                 Waters
                 should
                 be
                 lower
                 ?
                 And
                 when
                 every
                 Man's
                 Voice
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 gone
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 truss
                 up
                 their
                 Trinkets
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 with
                 his
                 Navy
                 keeping
                 still
                 along
                 the
                 Shore
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 into
                 Syria
                 .
              
               
                 Ptolemy
                 growing
                 glad
                 at
                 heart
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 thus
                 gone
                 ,
                 offer'd
                 Sacrifice
                 to
                 his
                 Gods
                 for
                 this
                 great
                 Deliverance
                 ;
                 and
                 made
                 withal
                 a
                 most
                 magnificent
                 Feast
                 for
                 his
                 Nobles
                 ,
                 and
                 wrote
                 away
                 Letters
                 to
                 
                   Seleucus
                   ,
                   Lysimachus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 of
                 his
                 prosperous
                 Success
                 ,
                 informing
                 them
                 likewise
                 ,
                 how
                 a
                 Multitude
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 Men
                 had
                 fled
                 over
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 
                 And
                 now
                 having
                 rescu'd
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 Aegypt
                 a
                 second
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 gotten
                 it
                 by
                 his
                 Sword
                 ,
                 judging
                 therefore
                 he
                 might
                 lawfully
                 reckon
                 it
                 as
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 to
                 Alexandria
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 thus
                 pass'd
                 in
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 *
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Heraclca
                 in
                 Pontus
                 ,
                 dy'd
                 ,
                 having
                 reign'd
                 Thirty
                 two
                 Years
                 :
                 And
                 his
                 Sons
                 Zathras
                 and
                 Clearchus
                 succeeding
                 him
                 reign'd
                 Seventeen
                 years
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Agathocles
                 visited
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 in
                 Sicily
                 that
                 were
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 ,
                 filling
                 them
                 with
                 Garisons
                 ,
                 and
                 poling
                 them
                 for
                 Money
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Man
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 terrible
                 Fright
                 ,
                 lest
                 when
                 he
                 should
                 fall
                 under
                 a
                 Cloud
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 recover
                 their
                 Liberty
                 by
                 Force
                 of
                 Arms.
                 
              
               
                 About
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 Pasiphilus
                 ,
                 the
                 General
                 ,
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 his
                 Sons
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 the
                 rout
                 of
                 his
                 Forces
                 in
                 Lybia
                 ,
                 had
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 in
                 Contempt
                 :
                 And
                 falling
                 off
                 to
                 Dinocrates
                 ,
                 join'd
                 in
                 Confederacy
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 possess'd
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 which
                 were
                 before
                 committed
                 to
                 his
                 Care
                 and
                 Trust
                 ,
                 he
                 entic'd
                 and
                 drew
                 off
                 the
                 Army
                 (
                 then
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 )
                 from
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 by
                 fair
                 Promises
                 ,
                 and
                 hopes
                 of
                 mighty
                 things
                 .
              
               
                 Agathocles
                 therefore
                 being
                 now
                 every
                 where
                 disappointed
                 and
                 frustrated
                 of
                 his
                 Hopes
                 ,
                 was
                 so
                 far
                 dejected
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 sent
                 an
                 Agent
                 to
                 Dinocrates
                 ,
                 and
                 offer'd
                 to
                 make
                 Peace
                 with
                 
                 him
                 upon
                 these
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 
                   viz.
                   That
                   he
                   would
                   lay
                   down
                   his
                   Sovereignty
                   ,
                   and
                   restore
                
                 Syracuse
                 
                   to
                   the
                   Citizens
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                
                 Dinocrates
                 
                   should
                   be
                   no
                   longer
                   in
                   Exile
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   he
                   would
                   deliver
                   up
                   two
                   Castles
                   ,
                
                 Tharma
                 and
                 Cepaloedium
                 ,
                 
                   together
                   with
                   their
                   adjoining
                   Territories
                   ,
                   to
                
                 Agathocles
                 .
                 Here
                 some
                 may
                 justly
                 admire
                 how
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 pass
                 ,
                 that
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 at
                 all
                 other
                 times
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 Resolute
                 and
                 Obstinate
                 ,
                 and
                 never
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 discourag'd
                 when
                 his
                 Condition
                 was
                 most
                 Desperate
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 now
                 so
                 dastardly
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 willing
                 to
                 give
                 up
                 all
                 into
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 hands
                 ,
                 without
                 striking
                 a
                 stroke
                 for
                 the
                 obtaining
                 and
                 compassing
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 fought
                 so
                 many
                 and
                 great
                 Battels
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 
                 the
                 strangest
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 who
                 was
                 yet
                 Lord
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 many
                 other
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 a
                 considerable
                 Navy
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Army
                 at
                 Land
                 ,
                 should
                 become
                 so
                 Weak-headed
                 ,
                 as
                 not
                 to
                 remember
                 any
                 thing
                 of
                 that
                 which
                 hapned
                 to
                 Dionysius
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 he
                 
                 was
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 most
                 miserable
                 Streights
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 those
                 Mischiefs
                 that
                 hung
                 over
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 altogether
                 hopeless
                 of
                 retaining
                 his
                 Principality
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 upon
                 the
                 very
                 Point
                 of
                 mounting
                 his
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 ●lying
                 away
                 from
                 
                   Syracuse
                   ;
                   Heloris
                
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 ancientest
                 of
                 his
                 Noblemen
                 (
                 to
                 put
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 his
                 Carreer
                 )
                 said
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 
                   The
                   Sepulchre
                   of
                   a
                   King
                   is
                   honourable
                   .
                
                 And
                 the
                 like
                 to
                 this
                 is
                 what
                 his
                 Father-in-Law
                 ,
                 Megacles
                 ,
                 said
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 
                   He
                   who
                   is
                   depriv'd
                   of
                   a
                   Kingdom
                   ,
                   should
                   part
                   with
                   it
                   so
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   forc'd
                   from
                   between
                   his
                   very
                   Thighs
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   as
                   one
                   making
                   a
                   voluntary
                   Abdication
                   .
                
                 By
                 which
                 serious
                 admonitions
                 ,
                 Dionysius
                 was
                 so
                 encourag'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 went
                 through
                 all
                 courageously
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 seem'd
                 never
                 so
                 terrible
                 ;
                 and
                 afterwards
                 mightily
                 enlarg'd
                 his
                 Dominion
                 ;
                 and
                 continu'd
                 in
                 this
                 height
                 of
                 Prosperity
                 till
                 he
                 was
                 old
                 ,
                 leaving
                 the
                 greatest
                 Principality
                 in
                 Europe
                 to
                 his
                 Children
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 Agathocles
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 incourag'd
                 by
                 any
                 of
                 these
                 Considerations
                 ,
                 nor
                 considering
                 the
                 vanity
                 of
                 Humane
                 Confidence
                 and
                 Expectations
                 by
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 learnt
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Experience
                 ,
                 set
                 to
                 Sale
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Principality
                 for
                 a
                 trifle
                 :
                 But
                 yet
                 the
                 Proposals
                 took
                 no
                 effect
                 ;
                 for
                 though
                 Agathocles
                 would
                 willingly
                 have
                 had
                 them
                 confirm'd
                 ,
                 yet
                 the
                 Ambition
                 of
                 Dinocrates
                 rejected
                 them
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 affected
                 an
                 absolute
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 
                 hated
                 the
                 
                   Syracusian
                   Democracy
                
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 better
                 pleas'd
                 with
                 the
                 Command
                 (
                 as
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 )
                 which
                 he
                 then
                 enjoy'd
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 above
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 largest
                 and
                 chiefest
                 Cities
                 ;
                 so
                 ,
                 that
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 call'd
                 only
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 yet
                 in
                 truth
                 he
                 had
                 the
                 Majesty
                 and
                 Authority
                 of
                 a
                 King
                 ;
                 the
                 chief
                 and
                 absolute
                 Power
                 of
                 every
                 thing
                 being
                 in
                 his
                 hands
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 he
                 return'd
                 to
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 he
                 concluded
                 he
                 must
                 of
                 necessity
                 be
                 no
                 more
                 than
                 a
                 private
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 reputed
                 but
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 many
                 
                   (
                   for
                   Liberty
                   loves
                   Equality
                
                 )
                 and
                 subject
                 to
                 be
                 undermin'd
                 and
                 degraded
                 by
                 the
                 suffrage
                 of
                 every
                 Demagogue
                 in
                 the
                 publick
                 Assemblies
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 common
                 People
                 are
                 ever
                 Enemies
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 are
                 rising
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 speak
                 their
                 Minds
                 most
                 freely
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 a
                 Man
                 may
                 justly
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 Agathocles
                 voluntarily
                 Lower'd
                 his
                 Sails
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Dinocrates
                 was
                 the
                 only
                 cause
                 of
                 what
                 ever
                 Good
                 was
                 done
                 by
                 this
                 Prince
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 afterwards
                 .
                 For
                 Agathecles
                 often
                 sent
                 Agents
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 Sollicite
                 and
                 Treat
                 about
                 the
                 Conditions
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 still
                 insisting
                 upon
                 having
                 the
                 Two
                 Castles
                 for
                 his
                 Subsistence
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 as
                 often
                 contriv'd
                 some
                 specious
                 pretence
                 or
                 another
                 ,
                 to
                 dash
                 and
                 break
                 all
                 in
                 pieces
                 ;
                 sometimes
                 requiring
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 depart
                 wholly
                 out
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 others
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 give
                 up
                 his
                 Children
                 as
                 Hostages
                 .
              
               
                 Agathocles
                 therefore
                 smelling
                 out
                 his
                 Design
                 ,
                 sent
                 Agents
                 to
                 the
                 Exiles
                 to
                 accuse
                 Dinocrates
                 of
                 the
                 Project
                 he
                 was
                 carrying
                 on
                 ,
                 to
                 obstruct
                 the
                 Restitution
                 of
                 their
                 ancient
                 Liberties
                 .
                 
                 He
                 sent
                 likewise
                 an
                 Ambassador
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 them
                 upon
                 the
                 following
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 
                   viz.
                   That
                   all
                   the
                   Cities
                   the
                
                 Carthaginians
                 
                   formerly
                   enjoy'd
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   forthwith
                   surrender'd
                   to
                   them
                   :
                
                 For
                 which
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 Three
                 
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Account
                 and
                 Value
                 of
                 Silver
                 :
                 But
                 as
                 Timaeus
                 says
                 ,
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 Fifty
                 Talents
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Thousand
                 *
                 Medimnas
                 of
                 Wheat
                 .
                 Thus
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Sicily
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Italy
                 the
                 Samnites
                 took
                 Sora
                 and
                 Atia
                 ,
                 (
                 two
                 Confederate
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 )
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 sold
                 all
                 the
                 Captives
                 for
                 Slaves
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Consuls
                 broke
                 in
                 with
                 mighty
                 Forces
                 into
                 Japygia
                 ,
                 and
                 sate
                 down
                 before
                 the
                 City
                 Sylvia
                 ,
                 a
                 Garison
                 of
                 the
                 Samnites
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Romans
                 took
                 by
                 Assault
                 after
                 a
                 few
                 days
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 above
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 abundance
                 of
                 rich
                 Spoil
                 and
                 Booty
                 .
                 Then
                 they
                 harrass'd
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Samnites
                 ,
                 cutting
                 down
                 all
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 havock
                 and
                 spoil
                 where-ever
                 they
                 came
                 .
                 For
                 Rome
                 having
                 for
                 many
                 years
                 been
                 in
                 contest
                 with
                 this
                 Nation
                 for
                 the
                 supream
                 Command
                 ,
                 hop'd
                 at
                 length
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 being
                 strip'd
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 they
                 had
                 all
                 over
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 would
                 be
                 forc●d
                 to
                 sloop
                 to
                 the
                 Stronger
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 they
                 continu'd
                 Spoiling
                 and
                 Wasting
                 the
                 Country
                 Five
                 Months
                 together
                 ,
                 within
                 which
                 time
                 they
                 burnt
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Towns
                 ,
                 and
                 rooted
                 up
                 every
                 Plant
                 and
                 Tree
                 ,
                 and
                 whatever
                 other
                 thing
                 that
                 might
                 yield
                 any
                 Fruit
                 for
                 Daily
                 Food
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 the
                 *
                 Aeginetes
                 proclaim'd
                 War
                 for
                 the
                 Injuries
                 done
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 *
                 
                   Fr
                   〈…〉
                
                 by
                 Assault
                 ,
                 and
                 Sold
                 the
                 Territories
                 belonging
                 to
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 this
                 Year
                 ,
                 Xenippus
                 Govern'd
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Posthumius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Tiberius
                   Minucius
                
                 ,
                 bore
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Rhedians
                 were
                 at
                 War
                 with
                 Antigonus
                 upon
                 the
                 accounts
                 following
                 .
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Rhodes
                 was
                 very
                 strong
                 in
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 best
                 Govern'd
                 of
                 any
                 City
                 among
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 all
                 the
                 Kings
                 and
                 Petty
                 Princes
                 strove
                 which
                 should
                 gain
                 the
                 greatest
                 Interest
                 in
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 have
                 her
                 for
                 their
                 Confederate
                 .
                 But
                 foreseeing
                 afar
                 off
                 ,
                 what
                 would
                 be
                 most
                 for
                 her
                 Advantage
                 ,
                 she
                 secretly
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 all
                 ,
                 but
                 would
                 not
                 meddle
                 
                 with
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Wars
                 wherein
                 the
                 Princes
                 were
                 ingag'd
                 one
                 against
                 another
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 she
                 was
                 courted
                 and
                 richly
                 presented
                 by
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 grew
                 exceeding
                 rich
                 by
                 the
                 injoyment
                 of
                 a
                 long
                 Peace
                 .
                 For
                 she
                 became
                 so
                 potent
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Pyrattick
                 War.
                 
                 undertaken
                 for
                 the
                 Common
                 good
                 of
                 all
                 Greece
                 ,
                 she
                 scowr'd
                 the
                 Seas
                 and
                 freed
                 them
                 from
                 Pyrats
                 at
                 her
                 own
                 charge
                 .
              
               
                 Alexander
                 the
                 most
                 potent
                 Prince
                 of
                 any
                 that
                 is
                 recorded
                 ,
                 honour'd
                 this
                 City
                 above
                 all
                 others
                 ;
                 for
                 there
                 he
                 laid
                 up
                 his
                 last
                 Will
                 concerning
                 the
                 disposal
                 of
                 his
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 honouring
                 her
                 in
                 other
                 respects
                 ,
                 advanc'd
                 her
                 to
                 the
                 state
                 of
                 a
                 Royal
                 City
                 .
                 The
                 Rhodians
                 thus
                 in
                 amity
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Princes
                 ,
                 kept
                 themselves
                 (
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Art
                 they
                 could
                 )
                 from
                 giving
                 any
                 just
                 offence
                 by
                 outward
                 appearance
                 ;
                 though
                 in
                 their
                 hearts
                 they
                 most
                 favour'd
                 Ptolemy
                 :
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 most
                 inricht
                 by
                 the
                 Merchants
                 which
                 traded
                 thence
                 into
                 Aegypt
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 was
                 maintain'd
                 and
                 supported
                 by
                 the
                 Wealth
                 of
                 that
                 Kingdom
                 :
                 which
                 being
                 understood
                 by
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 he
                 did
                 all
                 he
                 could
                 to
                 draw
                 them
                 off
                 from
                 siding
                 with
                 Ptolemy
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 at
                 first
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 ingag'd
                 in
                 a
                 War
                 against
                 Ptolemy
                 for
                 the
                 Island
                 of
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 thither
                 to
                 sollicit
                 them
                 them
                 to
                 send
                 Aid
                 and
                 shipping
                 to
                 Demetrius
                 ;
                 which
                 they
                 denying
                 ,
                 he
                 commanded
                 one
                 his
                 Admirals
                 to
                 sail
                 away
                 with
                 his
                 Fleet
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 intercept
                 and
                 rifle
                 all
                 the
                 Ships
                 that
                 made
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Port
                 at
                 Rhodes
                 for
                 Aegypt
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 beating
                 the
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 he
                 charg'd
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Aggressors
                 and
                 beginners
                 of
                 an
                 unjust
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 threatn'd
                 to
                 besiege
                 their
                 City
                 with
                 the
                 strength
                 of
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 :
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 decreed
                 him
                 great
                 Honours
                 ;
                 and
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 intreat
                 him
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 force
                 them
                 to
                 ingage
                 in
                 a
                 War
                 against
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 League
                 they
                 had
                 made
                 with
                 him
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 King
                 hereat
                 growing
                 more
                 inrag'd
                 ,
                 sent
                 Demetrius
                 with
                 the
                 Army
                 and
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Engines
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 Siege
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 thereupon
                 so
                 terrifi'd
                 with
                 the
                 mighty
                 power
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 first
                 they
                 signifi'd
                 to
                 Demetrius
                 by
                 their
                 Ambassadors
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 assist
                 Antigonus
                 against
                 Ptolemy
                 :
                 But
                 afterwards
                 when
                 he
                 requir'd
                 a
                 
                 Hundred
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 for
                 Hostages
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 his
                 Fleet
                 might
                 be
                 admitted
                 into
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ;
                 they
                 concluded
                 that
                 he
                 design'd
                 to
                 surprize
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 they
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 Demetrius
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 Rendesvouz'd
                 all
                 his
                 Fleet
                 in
                 the
                 Port
                 at
                 Elorymna
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 all
                 in
                 readiness
                 for
                 an
                 Expedition
                 to
                 Rhodes
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 of
                 several
                 dimensions
                 ;
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 seventy
                 Ships
                 of
                 burthen
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 were
                 carri'd
                 about
                 Forty
                 thousand
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 Horse
                 and
                 Auxiliaries
                 from
                 the
                 Pirats
                 ,
                 Besides
                 there
                 were
                 on
                 Board
                 abundance
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Darts
                 ,
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Engines
                 ,
                 fit
                 for
                 the
                 carrying
                 on
                 of
                 an
                 Assault
                 .
                 And
                 along
                 with
                 all
                 these
                 there
                 follow'd
                 almost
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 belonging
                 to
                 private
                 Men
                 ,
                 full
                 of
                 Wares
                 and
                 Merchandize
                 .
                 And
                 whereas
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 had
                 been
                 free
                 from
                 all
                 devastations
                 for
                 many
                 years
                 together
                 ,
                 a
                 vast
                 multitude
                 of
                 men
                 that
                 had
                 inricht
                 themselves
                 by
                 the
                 losses
                 of
                 others
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 flockt
                 thither
                 from
                 all
                 places
                 .
                 Demetrius
                 therefore
                 drawing
                 up
                 his
                 Fleet
                 in
                 a
                 line
                 of
                 Battle
                 ,
                 as
                 ready
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 a
                 Sea
                 sight
                 ,
                 commanded
                 his
                 Men
                 of
                 War
                 
                 (
                 which
                 carri'd
                 Engines
                 upon
                 their
                 Fore
                 Castles
                 to
                 cast
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 of
                 three
                 spans
                 long
                 )
                 to
                 sail
                 before
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 and
                 such
                 as
                 had
                 Horses
                 on
                 board
                 ,
                 they
                 that
                 row'd
                 in
                 lesser
                 Vessels
                 tow'd
                 after
                 them
                 by
                 Cable
                 Ropes
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 Rear
                 came
                 the
                 Pirats
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 numerous
                 Company
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 before
                 said
                 )
                 of
                 Merchants
                 Ships
                 loaden
                 with
                 Corn
                 and
                 other
                 Provisions
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Sea
                 between
                 them
                 and
                 the
                 Island
                 and
                 opposite
                 shoar
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 cover'd
                 over
                 with
                 Ships
                 ,
                 which
                 struck
                 a
                 great
                 Terror
                 and
                 Amazement
                 into
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 the
                 prospect
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Rhodian
                 Soldiers
                 who
                 were
                 plac'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Walls
                 there
                 ,
                 waited
                 for
                 the
                 Enemies
                 approach
                 :
                 the
                 old
                 Men
                 and
                 Women
                 likewise
                 had
                 a
                 prospect
                 of
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 tops
                 of
                 their
                 Houses
                 ;
                 (
                 for
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 in
                 its
                 situation
                 like
                 a
                 Theater
                 )
                 and
                 all
                 being
                 amaz'd
                 and
                 terrifi'd
                 with
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 glittering
                 of
                 the
                 Arms
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 no
                 small
                 perplexity
                 ;
                 for
                 all
                 they
                 had
                 in
                 this
                 World
                 was
                 now
                 lying
                 at
                 stake
                 .
              
               
                 Demetrius
                 now
                 at
                 last
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 and
                 Landed
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 encampt
                 
                 near
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 within
                 the
                 Cast
                 of
                 a
                 Dart
                 :
                 which
                 done
                 he
                 forthwith
                 sent
                 out
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Pirats
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 fit
                 for
                 the
                 purpose
                 to
                 spoil
                 and
                 pillage
                 all
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land.
                 He
                 cut
                 down
                 also
                 all
                 the
                 Trees
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 next
                 adjoining
                 ,
                 and
                 raz'd
                 the
                 Towns
                 ;
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 Timber
                 and
                 materials
                 from
                 thence
                 he
                 fortifi'd
                 his
                 Camp
                 ,
                 drawing
                 round
                 it
                 a
                 treble
                 Trench
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 great
                 and
                 strong
                 Ramparts
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 misery
                 and
                 losses
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 he
                 effectually
                 provided
                 for
                 his
                 Armies
                 security
                 .
                 Then
                 by
                 the
                 labour
                 of
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 and
                 the
                 Seamen
                 that
                 came
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 daies
                 he
                 took
                 in
                 with
                 a
                 Rampart
                 of
                 Earth
                 all
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 Ground
                 lying
                 between
                 
                 his
                 Landing
                 place
                 and
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 inlarg'd
                 the
                 Haven
                 for
                 the
                 more
                 commodious
                 
                 riding
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 intreating
                 him
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 do
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 might
                 be
                 irreparable
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 perceiv'd
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 hearken
                 to
                 any
                 Terms
                 (
                 laying
                 aside
                 all
                 hopes
                 of
                 composing
                 matters
                 )
                 they
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 to
                 
                   Ptolemy
                   Lysimachus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Cassander
                 praying
                 their
                 assistance
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 War
                 was
                 made
                 upon
                 them
                 upon
                 their
                 account
                 .
                 Both
                 Inhabitants
                 (
                 that
                 were
                 not
                 Free
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 )
                 and
                 Foreigners
                 (
                 lately
                 come
                 in
                 )
                 were
                 admitted
                 to
                 take
                 up
                 Arms
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 thought
                 fit
                 ,
                 for
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 place
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Rabble
                 tha
                 were
                 useless
                 they
                 put
                 forth
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 prevent
                 scarcity
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 and
                 lest
                 any
                 uneasie
                 under
                 the
                 present
                 Circumstances
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 ,
                 should
                 betray
                 the
                 Town
                 .
                 Then
                 taking
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 Arms
                 ,
                 they
                 found
                 there
                 were
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 Six
                 thousand
                 ;
                 of
                 Inhabitants
                 and
                 strangers
                 One
                 thousand
                 .
                 They
                 made
                 likewise
                 a
                 Decree
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 Servants
                 that
                 had
                 approv'd
                 themselves
                 honest
                 and
                 faithful
                 in
                 all
                 hazards
                 and
                 dangers
                 ,
                 
                 should
                 be
                 bought
                 off
                 from
                 their
                 Masters
                 and
                 set
                 free
                 ,
                 and
                 inroll'd
                 into
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 :
                 Then
                 a
                 Proclamation
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 that
                 whosoever
                 di'd
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 should
                 be
                 buri'd
                 at
                 the
                 publick
                 charge
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 his
                 Parents
                 and
                 Children
                 should
                 be
                 maintain'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 Treasury
                 ;
                 that
                 Portions
                 should
                 be
                 given
                 to
                 the
                 Daughters
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 publick
                 stock
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Sons
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 grown
                 up
                 should
                 be
                 crown'd
                 ,
                 and
                 adorn'd
                 in
                 the
                 Theater
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Festivals
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Arms
                 and
                 Armour
                 .
                 With
                 these
                 promises
                 all
                 were
                 presently
                 excited
                 to
                 stand
                 to
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 and
                 
                 indure
                 the
                 utmost
                 extremity
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 they
                 made
                 it
                 their
                 business
                 (
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 possible
                 )
                 to
                 provide
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 that
                 were
                 necessary
                 ;
                 for
                 all
                 being
                 unanimous
                 ,
                 the
                 Rich
                 brought
                 in
                 their
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Smiths
                 and
                 other
                 workmen
                 earnestly
                 set
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 were
                 so
                 intent
                 upon
                 their
                 business
                 ,
                 that
                 every
                 one
                 strove
                 to
                 exceed
                 each
                 other
                 .
                 Some
                 therefore
                 imploi'd
                 themselves
                 in
                 making
                 Engines
                 ,
                 to
                 cast
                 Darts
                 ,
                 and
                 shoot
                 stones
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 in
                 making
                 and
                 preparing
                 other
                 things
                 ;
                 same
                 repair'd
                 the
                 Walls
                 where
                 they
                 were
                 defective
                 ;
                 and
                 many
                 loaded
                 men
                 with
                 stones
                 to
                 carry
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 .
                 They
                 sent
                 out
                 likewise
                 Three
                 swift
                 sailing
                 Vessels
                 against
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Merchants
                 that
                 brought
                 them
                 in
                 Provision
                 :
                 These
                 setting
                 on
                 them
                 upon
                 a
                 sudden
                 sunk
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Merchant
                 Ships
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 gone
                 ashore
                 to
                 rob
                 and
                 spoil
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 burnt
                 no
                 few
                 that
                 were
                 driven
                 up
                 to
                 land
                 ;
                 and
                 what
                 they
                 receiv'd
                 for
                 the
                 Redemption
                 of
                 Captives
                 they
                 brought
                 with
                 them
                 back
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 had
                 agreed
                 with
                 Demetrius
                 what
                 the
                 value
                 of
                 Redemption
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 should
                 be
                 ;
                 that
                 is
                 ,
                 for
                 every
                 Freeman
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Drachma's
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 every
                 Servant
                 and
                 Bondman
                 ,
                 Five
                 hundred
                 .
                 Demetrius
                 being
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 plenty
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 making
                 of
                 Engines
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 make
                 two
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Testudo's
                 ;
                 the
                 one
                 against
                 the
                 Engines
                 
                 that
                 cast
                 stones
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 against
                 those
                 that
                 shot
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 ;
                 these
                 they
                 plac'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Foredecks
                 of
                 two
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 ,
                 which
                 mov'd
                 from
                 place
                 to
                 place
                 and
                 were
                 chain'd
                 close
                 together
                 :
                 He
                 likewise
                 made
                 two
                 Towers
                 four
                 stories
                 high
                 apiece
                 ,
                 higher
                 than
                 those
                 Turrets
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 Town
                 in
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ;
                 both
                 which
                 likewise
                 were
                 plac'd
                 upon
                 two
                 Ships
                 of
                 equal
                 height
                 and
                 joyn'd
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 that
                 both
                 might
                 be
                 equally
                 ballast
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 forward
                 .
                 He
                 built
                 likewise
                 a
                 Rampart
                 upon
                 a
                 Fore
                 footed
                 piece
                 of
                 Timber
                 nail'd
                 together
                 ,
                 to
                 float
                 upon
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 beat
                 off
                 the
                 Enemy
                 in
                 any
                 Attack
                 they
                 might
                 make
                 upon
                 the
                 Ships
                 where
                 the
                 Engins
                 were
                 plac'd
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 making
                 these
                 ,
                 he
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 Number
                 of
                 the
                 strongest
                 Water
                 Boats
                 and
                 fenc'd
                 them
                 with
                 Boards
                 and
                 Planks
                 round
                 ;
                 and
                 made
                 Loop-holes
                 in
                 the
                 sides
                 (
                 to
                 shut
                 at
                 pleasure
                 )
                 and
                 in
                 these
                 he
                 plac'd
                 Engines
                 (
                 to
                 shoot
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 of
                 three
                 spans
                 long
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 )
                 together
                 with
                 such
                 Soldiers
                 as
                 knew
                 very
                 well
                 how
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 them
                 some
                 Cretian
                 Archers
                 .
                 Coming
                 up
                 therefore
                 with
                 his
                 Ships
                 within
                 the
                 Cast
                 of
                 a
                 Dart
                 ,
                 he
                 sorely
                 gall'd
                 the
                 Townsmen
                 with
                 his
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 being
                 the
                 Engines
                 in
                 the
                 Ships
                 were
                 higher
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 Walls
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 Harbour
                 .
                 The
                 Rhodians
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 understanding
                 that
                 Demetrius
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 main
                 business
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 were
                 as
                 earnest
                 in
                 providing
                 all
                 things
                 necessary
                 for
                 its
                 defence
                 :
                 To
                 this
                 end
                 they
                 mounted
                 two
                 Engines
                 upon
                 a
                 Rampart
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 on
                 Board
                 Three
                 others
                 upon
                 two
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 with
                 them
                 at
                 the
                 mouth
                 of
                 the
                 little
                 Harbour
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 these
                 they
                 put
                 great
                 Numbers
                 of
                 Engins
                 for
                 the
                 shooting
                 of
                 Stones
                 ,
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 of
                 all
                 sizes
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 these
                 they
                 might
                 repulse
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 either
                 attempted
                 to
                 land
                 Men
                 ,
                 or
                 make
                 up
                 with
                 his
                 Engines
                 .
                 Besides
                 all
                 this
                 they
                 
                 had
                 contriv'd
                 convenient
                 places
                 and
                 apartments
                 in
                 the
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 which
                 then
                 lay
                 in
                 the
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 wherein
                 to
                 place
                 their
                 Engines
                 and
                 Darts
                 as
                 they
                 had
                 occasion
                 .
                 Both
                 sides
                 being
                 now
                 thus
                 ready
                 prepar'd
                 ,
                 and
                 Demetrius
                 just
                 upon
                 the
                 point
                 of
                 moving
                 into
                 
                 the
                 Harbours
                 with
                 his
                 Machines
                 was
                 prevented
                 by
                 a
                 fierce
                 and
                 violent
                 Storm
                 that
                 then
                 arose
                 .
                 But
                 being
                 calm
                 all
                 the
                 night
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 he
                 Sails
                 up
                 secretly
                 ,
                 and
                 seises
                 upon
                 the
                 highest
                 Rampart
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 draws
                 a
                 Mud-wall
                 about
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 fences
                 it
                 with
                 stones
                 and
                 planks
                 of
                 Timber
                 :
                 Then
                 he
                 landed
                 Four
                 hundred
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 them
                 there
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 Weapons
                 ;
                 the
                 Fort
                 was
                 *
                 Five
                 Plethras
                 
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 Walls
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 light
                 they
                 came
                 up
                 with
                 the
                 Engines
                 into
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 with
                 shouting
                 and
                 sound
                 of
                 Trumpet
                 ,
                 then
                 with
                 their
                 small
                 shot
                 which
                 did
                 execution
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 distance
                 ,
                 they
                 beat
                 off
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 building
                 the
                 Wall
                 in
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 their
                 battering
                 Engines
                 broke
                 in
                 pieces
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Machines
                 ,
                 and
                 shak'd
                 the
                 the
                 Wall
                 near
                 the
                 Rampart
                 in
                 one
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 batter'd
                 it
                 down
                 in
                 another
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 was
                 but
                 low
                 and
                 weak
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ;
                 the
                 Citizens
                 stoutly
                 defended
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 spent
                 all
                 that
                 day
                 in
                 wounding
                 and
                 receiving
                 wounds
                 from
                 their
                 Enemies
                 :
                 but
                 night
                 drawing
                 on
                 ,
                 Demetrius
                 tow'd
                 his
                 Ships
                 Cables
                 ti'd
                 to
                 smaller
                 Vessels
                 and
                 got
                 oft
                 his
                 Engines
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 reach
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Artillery
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 took
                 fire
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Boats
                 fill'd
                 with
                 combustible
                 matter
                 pursu'd
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 coming
                 up
                 with
                 the
                 Engines
                 put
                 
                 fire
                 to
                 the
                 matter
                 in
                 the
                 Boats
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 presently
                 beaten
                 off
                 by
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 from
                 the
                 floating
                 Rampart
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 Tack
                 about
                 and
                 so
                 retire
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Flame
                 rag'd
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 few
                 only
                 having
                 extinguish'd
                 the
                 fire
                 return'd
                 in
                 the
                 Boats
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 them
                 having
                 had
                 their
                 Vessels
                 burnt
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Water
                 ,
                 by
                 swimming
                 only
                 sav'd
                 their
                 lives
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 Demetrius
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 made
                 his
                 Attack
                 from
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 ordered
                 an
                 Assault
                 with
                 shouting
                 and
                 sound
                 of
                 Trumpet
                 should
                 be
                 made
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 from
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 strike
                 the
                 greater
                 Terror
                 into
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 ,
                 while
                 innumerable
                 dangers
                 ,
                 surrounded
                 and
                 distracted
                 them
                 on
                 every
                 hand
                 ;
                 he
                 continu'd
                 thus
                 assaulting
                 the
                 Town
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Eight
                 daies
                 together
                 ,
                 shooting
                 from
                 his
                 Engines
                 upon
                 the
                 Rampart
                 ,
                 stones
                 of
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 a
                 Talent
                 ,
                 and
                 batter'd
                 down
                 the
                 middle
                 walls
                 between
                 the
                 Towers
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Towers
                 themselves
                 :
                 the
                 Souldiers
                 likewise
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 wall
                 that
                 fac'd
                 the
                 Harbours
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 all
                 flockt
                 to
                 that
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 they
                 sharply
                 fell
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 ingag'd
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ;
                 and
                 over-powering
                 them
                 in
                 number
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 slaughter
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 forc'd
                 the
                 rest
                 to
                 draw
                 off
                 .
                 The
                 uneasie
                 rough
                 and
                 uneven
                 passage
                 to
                 the
                 place
                 (
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 many
                 heaps
                 of
                 great
                 and
                 massy
                 stones
                 which
                 were
                 laid
                 before
                 the
                 walls
                 on
                 the
                 outside
                 )
                 was
                 of
                 great
                 advantage
                 to
                 the
                 besieg'd
                 :
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Vessels
                 (
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 this
                 hurly
                 burly
                 )
                 mann'd
                 with
                 Soldiers
                 comming
                 up
                 ,
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 presently
                 tore
                 off
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 combustible
                 matter
                 and
                 Firebrands
                 thrown
                 in
                 among
                 them
                 ,
                 burnt
                 the
                 Ships
                 themselves
                 .
                 While
                 the
                 besieg'd
                 were
                 thus
                 hurri'd
                 and
                 distracted
                 in
                 defending
                 
                 themselves
                 ;
                 the
                 Demetrians
                 coming
                 in
                 with
                 their
                 Vessels
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 set
                 Scaling
                 Ladders
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 prest
                 on
                 with
                 the
                 greater
                 resolution
                 ,
                 being
                 assisted
                 in
                 all
                 parts
                 by
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 at
                 Land
                 ;
                 who
                 together
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Ships
                 mutually
                 repeated
                 their
                 shouts
                 and
                 acclamations
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 many
                 boldly
                 and
                 resolutely
                 in
                 contempt
                 of
                 danger
                 press'd
                 forward
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 great
                 Bodies
                 mounted
                 the
                 Walls
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 follow'd
                 a
                 sharp
                 Ingagement
                 ,
                 the
                 assailant's
                 forcing
                 on
                 with
                 great
                 resolution
                 from
                 without
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 besieg'd
                 with
                 as
                 much
                 courage
                 flocking
                 together
                 to
                 defend
                 themselves
                 within
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 after
                 a
                 brave
                 Resistance
                 beat
                 off
                 the
                 Assailants
                 ,
                 killing
                 some
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 others
                 Prisoners
                 that
                 were
                 wounded
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 were
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Commanders
                 .
                 The
                 Besiegers
                 being
                 thus
                 baffl'd
                 ,
                 Demetrius
                 draws
                 off
                 his
                 Engines
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 Port
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 sets
                 upon
                 repairing
                 both
                 them
                 and
                 his
                 Ships
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 bury
                 their
                 dead
                 ,
                 and
                 dedicated
                 to
                 their
                 Gods
                 their
                 Enemies
                 Arms
                 and
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 repair'd
                 those
                 parts
                 of
                 their
                 walls
                 ,
                 as
                 were
                 beaten
                 down
                 by
                 the
                 Engines
                 .
              
               
                 Demetrius
                 however
                 ,
                 after
                 seven
                 days
                 time
                 spent
                 in
                 refitting
                 his
                 battering
                 Engines
                 ,
                 and
                 repairing
                 his
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 having
                 now
                 all
                 things
                 in
                 readiness
                 ,
                 enters
                 the
                 Harbor
                 again
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 main
                 business
                 to
                 be
                 absolute
                 Lord
                 of
                 this
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 intercept
                 all
                 Provision
                 that
                 might
                 be
                 brought
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 relief
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 within
                 the
                 cast
                 of
                 a
                 Dart
                 ,
                 he
                 threw
                 Firebrands
                 (
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 )
                 into
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 Ships
                 which
                 lay
                 scatter'd
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 shook
                 and
                 batter'd
                 the
                 Walls
                 with
                 his
                 Engines
                 ,
                 and
                 wounded
                 and
                 gall'd
                 with
                 his
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 whoever
                 appear'd
                 in
                 view
                 .
                 The
                 Assault
                 thus
                 continuing
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 terror
                 and
                 amazement
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 the
                 Rhodian
                 Pilots
                 (
                 in
                 great
                 fear
                 and
                 concern
                 for
                 the
                 Shipping
                 )
                 extinguish'd
                 the
                 Firebrands
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 (
                 whom
                 they
                 call
                 Prytanes
                 )
                 seeing
                 that
                 the
                 Port
                 was
                 now
                 even
                 upon
                 the
                 point
                 of
                 being
                 taken
                 ,
                 earnestly
                 intreated
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 both
                 high
                 and
                 
                 low
                 without
                 distinction
                 ,
                 resolutely
                 to
                 put
                 to
                 their
                 helping
                 hands
                 for
                 the
                 common
                 preservation
                 and
                 security
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 many
                 readily
                 came
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 mann'd
                 three
                 of
                 their
                 strongest
                 Vessels
                 with
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 their
                 Men
                 ,
                 giving
                 them
                 Orders
                 to
                 do
                 the
                 utmost
                 they
                 could
                 with
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 to
                 sink
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Vessels
                 that
                 carry'd
                 their
                 Engines
                 :
                 Those
                 thus
                 sent
                 out
                 (
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 ply'd
                 with
                 showers
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 )
                 yet
                 by
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 their
                 Charge
                 broke
                 in
                 pieces
                 the
                 *
                 Rampart
                 that
                 was
                 fenc'd
                 with
                 〈◊〉
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 shatter'd
                 their
                 Ships
                 with
                 one
                 stroke
                 after
                 another
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 fill'd
                 them
                 with
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 dismounted
                 two
                 of
                 their
                 Engines
                 ;
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Demetrians
                 towing
                 back
                 the
                 Third
                 with
                 Cables
                 ,
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 encourag'd
                 by
                 their
                 Success
                 ,
                 prest
                 on
                 still
                 with
                 more
                 Boldness
                 than
                 Prudence
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 being
                 pierc'd
                 and
                 shatter'd
                 by
                 
                 the
                 Beaks
                 of
                 many
                 great
                 Ships
                 that
                 surrounded
                 them
                 ,
                 Execestus
                 the
                 Admiral
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 Gallies
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 (
                 being
                 ill
                 wounded
                 )
                 were
                 taken
                 prisoners
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 by
                 〈…〉
                 ing
                 got
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Men
                 ;
                 only
                 one
                 Ship
                 was
                 taken
                 by
                 the
                 Demetrians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 escap'd
                 the
                 danger
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 conflict
                 ,
                 Demetrius
                 made
                 another
                 Engine
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 thrice
                 as
                 big
                 as
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 height
                 and
                 breadth
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 being
                 just
                 upon
                 〈…〉
                 ing
                 into
                 Port
                 ,
                 arose
                 a
                 violent
                 South
                 Wind
                 ,
                 which
                 burst
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Cloud
                 on
                 the
                 suddain
                 ,
                 and
                 sun●
                 the
                 Ships
                 which
                 were
                 advancing
                 ,
                 and
                 overturn'd
                 the
                 Engine
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 
                   R
                   〈…〉
                
                 taking
                 the
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 present
                 opportunity
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 nick
                 of
                 time
                 flung
                 op●n
                 their
                 Gates
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 Sally
                 upon
                 them
                 that
                 enter'd
                 the
                 Port
                 :
                 upon
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 sharp
                 Dispute
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 that
                 Demetrians
                 could
                 not
                 come
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Storm
                 ,
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 still
                 fell
                 upon
                 'em
                 with
                 fresh
                 Parties
                 one
                 after
                 another
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Demetrians
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Four
                 hundred
                 ,
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 throw
                 down
                 their
                 Arms
                 and
                 submit
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 Victory
                 gain'd
                 by
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 ,
                 there
                 arriv'd
                 to
                 their
                 aid
                 and
                 assistance
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 
                   G
                   〈…〉
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Men
                 sent
                 by
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 were
                 some
                 Rhodians
                 that
                 were
                 Soldiers
                 under
                 the
                 King's
                 Pay.
                 And
                 thus
                 stood
                 matters
                 in
                 the
                 Siege
                 at
                 Rhodes
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 
                   S
                   〈…〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 compose
                 Matters
                 with
                 Dinocrates
                 and
                 the
                 Exiles
                 ,
                 march'd
                 one
                 with
                 what
                 Forces
                 he
                 had
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 looking
                 upon
                 it
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 
                 to
                 hazard
                 his
                 Person
                 ,
                 and
                 resolutely
                 to
                 fight
                 it
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 gain
                 all
                 or
                 lose
                 all
                 :
                 He
                 had
                 not
                 with
                 him
                 above
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 .
              
               
                 Dinocrates
                 with
                 the
                 Exiles
                 seeing
                 the
                 Enemy
                 to
                 come
                 boldly
                 on
                 ,
                 went
                 out
                 with
                 as
                 much
                 earnestness
                 and
                 resolution
                 to
                 fight
                 them
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 far
                 superior
                 to
                 the
                 Agathocleans
                 
                 in
                 number
                 ;
                 being
                 above
                 Five
                 and
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 Both
                 Armies
                 fate
                 down
                 one
                 against
                 another
                 at
                 a
                 place
                 call'd
                 Gorgius
                 :
                 At
                 length
                 they
                 drew
                 up
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 to
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Fight
                 was
                 very
                 sharp
                 for
                 a
                 while
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 heat
                 and
                 resolution
                 of
                 both
                 parties
                 :
                 But
                 after
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 some
                 deserted
                 Dinocrates
                 (
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Two
                 thousand
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 went
                 over
                 to
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 ruine
                 of
                 the
                 Exiles
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Agathocleans
                 were
                 thereupon
                 much
                 more
                 encourag'd
                 and
                 hearten'd
                 ;
                 but
                 those
                 with
                 Dinocrates
                 were
                 as
                 much
                 amaz'd
                 and
                 dejected
                 ,
                 and
                 thinking
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 more
                 went
                 off
                 than
                 did
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 took
                 to
                 their
                 heels
                 .
                 Agathocles
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 a
                 little
                 way
                 ,
                 but
                 then
                 call'd
                 off
                 his
                 Men
                 from
                 the
                 Slaughter
                 ;
                 and
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 broken
                 Troops
                 proposals
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 differences
                 being
                 at
                 length
                 laid
                 aside
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 should
                 have
                 free
                 liberty
                 to
                 return
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 found
                 by
                 experience
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 never
                 able
                 to
                 overcome
                 him
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 being
                 even
                 now
                 routed
                 when
                 they
                 
                 had
                 an
                 Army
                 far
                 Superior
                 to
                 his
                 in
                 number
                 :
                 The
                 Horse
                 indeed
                 all
                 escap'd
                 to
                 the
                 Castle
                 of
                 Ambicas
                 ;
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Foot
                 the
                 Night
                 following
                 got
                 away
                 :
                 The
                 greatest
                 part
                 
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 a
                 Hill
                 ,
                 but
                 despairing
                 to
                 prevail
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 (
                 and
                 desirous
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 their
                 Kindred
                 ,
                 Friends
                 ,
                 Estates
                 and
                 Country
                 ,
                 )
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 Agathocles
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 plighted
                 his
                 Faith
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 thereupon
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 being
                 come
                 down
                 from
                 the
                 Hill
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 a
                 natural
                 Fortification
                 )
                 he
                 first
                 disarm'd
                 them
                 ,
                 then
                 hemm'd
                 them
                 in
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 them
                 every
                 Man
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Seven
                 thousand
                 (
                 as
                 Timaeus
                 says
                 ,
                 )
                 but
                 as
                 others
                 have
                 writ
                 ,
                 Four
                 thousand
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 Tyrant
                 never
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 valu'd
                 either
                 his
                 Word
                 or
                 Oath
                 ,
                 and
                 increas'd
                 his
                 Power
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 by
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 the
                 weakness
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 fearing
                 more
                 his
                 Confederates
                 than
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
                 Having
                 thus
                 cut
                 off
                 his
                 Enemy's
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Exiles
                 into
                 his
                 Protection
                 ,
                 and
                 receiving
                 Dinocrates
                 into
                 Grace
                 
                 and
                 Favour
                 ,
                 made
                 him
                 General
                 of
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 intrusted
                 him
                 ever
                 after
                 in
                 his
                 most
                 weighty
                 Affairs
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 every
                 Man
                 may
                 justly
                 wonder
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 who
                 was
                 so
                 jealous
                 and
                 suspicious
                 of
                 every
                 one
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 never
                 confide
                 in
                 any
                 ,
                 should
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 maintain
                 a
                 firm
                 friendship
                 only
                 with
                 Dinocrates
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 thus
                 betray'd
                 his
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 Pasiphilus
                 at
                 Gela
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 murther'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 
                 Castles
                 and
                 Cities
                 to
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 bringing
                 all
                 his
                 Enemies
                 under
                 his
                 Feet
                 in
                 Two
                 years
                 
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Italy
                 the
                 Romans
                 subdu'd
                 the
                 Palinians
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 their
                 Country
                 from
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 
                 that
                 were
                 Students
                 at
                 Rome
                 they
                 made
                 free
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 the
                 Consuls
                 march'd
                 out
                 against
                 the
                 Samnites
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 wasted
                 and
                 harrass'd
                 Phaleria
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 Battel
                 routed
                 them
                 ;
                 wherein
                 they
                 took
                 Twenty
                 Standards
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Prisoners
                 :
                 And
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 taken
                 the
                 City
                 Bola
                 by
                 Assault
                 ,
                 presently
                 appears
                 
                   Caius
                   Gellius
                
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Samnites
                 with
                 Six
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 there
                 was
                 then
                 another
                 sharp
                 engagement
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Gellius
                 himself
                 was
                 taken
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 Samnites
                 slain
                 and
                 taken
                 prisoners
                 .
                 The
                 Consuls
                 being
                 thus
                 successful
                 ,
                 recover'd
                 
                   Sora
                   Harpina
                
                 and
                 Serenia
                 ,
                 Cities
                 of
                 their
                 Allies
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 been
                 before
                 taken
                 from
                 them
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 CHAP
                 ,
                 V.
                 
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Siege
                   of
                   Rhodes
                   continu'd
                   :
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   the
                   Sea
                   Captains
                   of
                   the
                   Rhodians
                   .
                   Peace
                   made
                   with
                   the
                   Rhodians
                   .
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Agathocles
                   in
                   the
                   
                     Lipari
                     Islands
                  
                   .
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Demetrius
                   in
                   Greece
                   .
                   The
                   War
                   between
                   the
                   Tarentines
                   and
                   Lucanians
                   .
                   The
                   Acts
                   of
                   Cleonymus
                   the
                   
                     Spartan
                     .
                     Cassander
                  
                   sends
                   to
                   Antigonus
                   to
                   make
                   Peace
                   ,
                   who
                   refuses
                   .
                   Lysimachus
                   joins
                   with
                   Cassander
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   does
                   Ptolemy
                   and
                   Seleucus
                   against
                   Antigonus
                   :
                   He
                   marches
                   against
                   Lysimachus
                   .
                   Demetrius's
                   further
                   Acts
                   in
                   Greece
                   .
                   The
                   Armies
                   of
                   Cassander
                   and
                   
                     Demetrius
                     .
                     Demetrius
                  
                   leaves
                   Greece
                   and
                   goes
                   with
                   his
                   Army
                   to
                   his
                   Father
                   in
                   Asia
                   ,
                   after
                   Peace
                   made
                   with
                   Cassander
                   .
                   The
                   misfortunes
                   of
                   Pleistarchus
                   at
                   Sea.
                   Ptolemy
                   besieges
                   Sidon
                   ,
                   but
                   returns
                   to
                   Aegypt
                   upon
                   a
                   false
                   Report
                   .
                   Seleucus
                   marches
                   from
                   Babylon
                   with
                   a
                   great
                   Army
                   .
                
              
               
                 AFter
                 the
                 former
                 Year
                 had
                 run
                 its
                 course
                 ,
                 Pherecles
                 was
                 made
                 chief
                 Governor
                 of
                 
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Publius
                   Sempronius
                
                 and
                 
                   Publius
                   Sulpicius
                
                 were
                 invested
                 with
                 the
                 Consular
                 Dignity
                 at
                 Rome
                 :
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 was
                 solemniz'd
                 the
                 Hundred
                 and
                 nineteenth
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Andromenes
                 the
                 Corinthian
                 bore
                 away
                 the
                 Prize
                 .
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 who
                 lay
                 still
                 before
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 seeing
                 things
                 did
                 not
                 succeed
                 as
                 to
                 his
                 attempts
                 made
                 at
                 
                 Sea
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 Assault
                 the
                 City
                 by
                 Land.
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 he
                 made
                 preparation
                 of
                 Plenty
                 of
                 all
                 sort
                 of
                 Timber
                 ,
                 and
                 fram'd
                 the
                 Engine
                 call'd
                 Helepolis
                 ,
                 far
                 bigger
                 than
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 .
                 It
                 s
                 Basis
                 was
                 four
                 square
                 ;
                 every
                 side
                 was
                 almost
                 in
                 length
                 Fifty
                 Cubits
                 ,
                 made
                 up
                 of
                 four
                 square
                 pieces
                 of
                 Timber
                 ,
                 bound
                 together
                 by
                 Plates
                 of
                 Iron
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 middle
                 part
                 he
                 plac'd
                 strong
                 Planks
                 of
                 Timber
                 a
                 Cubit
                 distance
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 forc'd
                 the
                 Engine
                 forward
                 ,
                 to
                 stand
                 upon
                 .
                 The
                 whole
                 was
                 mov'd
                 upon
                 Eight
                 strong
                 and
                 large
                 Wheels
                 ;
                 whos
                 's
                 Felloes
                 were
                 Two
                 Cubit
                 thick
                 ,
                 cover'd
                 with
                 strong
                 Iron
                 Plates
                 :
                 Thwart
                 over
                 the
                 Spokes
                 were
                 contriv'd
                 *
                 Antist●●pta's
                 to
                 turn
                 about
                 the
                 Engine
                 in
                 a
                 trice
                 when
                 ever
                 they
                 pleas'd
                 .
                 At
                 every
                 corner
                 of
                 the
                 Machine
                 were
                 Pillars
                 rais'd
                 ,
                 little
                 less
                 than
                 a
                 hundred
                 Cubits
                 high
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 an
                 equal
                 length
                 ,
                 so
                 compacted
                 together
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Machine
                 was
                 Nine
                 Stories
                 high
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 were
                 Three
                 and
                 forty
                 Beds
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 highest
                 Nine
                 :
                 The
                 three
                 sides
                 of
                 the
                 Engine
                 were
                 lin'd
                 on
                 the
                 outside
                 with
                 Iron
                 Plates
                 fastn'd
                 with
                 Nails
                 ,
                 to
                 prevent
                 all
                 damage
                 from
                 Fire
                 that
                 might
                 be
                 shot
                 or
                 cast
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 In
                 every
                 Story
                 at
                 the
                 Front
                 were
                 made
                 Loop-holes
                 ,
                 proportionable
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 shape
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 Artillery
                 that
                 was
                 thence
                 to
                 be
                 discharged
                 .
                 To
                 these
                 were
                 Shutters
                 (
                 fastn'd
                 to
                 the
                 Engine
                 )
                 to
                 draw
                 up
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 better
                 defence
                 of
                 them
                 within
                 that
                 threw
                 the
                 Darts
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 lin'd
                 with
                 Skins
                 stuff'd
                 with
                 Wooll
                 to
                 deaden
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 Stone-shot
                 .
                 Every
                 Story
                 was
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 two
                 
                 large
                 Ladders
                 ,
                 that
                 whatever
                 was
                 necessary
                 might
                 be
                 brought
                 in
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 at
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 by
                 one
                 ,
                 while
                 others
                 were
                 going
                 down
                 upon
                 other
                 occasions
                 by
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 every
                 thing
                 might
                 be
                 dispatcht
                 without
                 tumult
                 and
                 confusion
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 chosen
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 the
                 strongest
                 Men
                 (
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Three
                 thousand
                 and
                 four
                 hundred
                 )
                 to
                 move
                 the
                 Engine
                 forward
                 ;
                 of
                 whom
                 some
                 from
                 within
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 plac'd
                 behind
                 ,
                 so
                 forc'd
                 it
                 forward
                 ,
                 that
                 Art
                 and
                 Strength
                 together
                 much
                 facilitated
                 the
                 motion
                 .
                 He
                 mad
                 also
                 *
                 Testudo's
                 ,
                 by
                 some
                 to
                 fill
                 up
                 Trenches
                 and
                 Ditches
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 others
                 to
                 bring
                 up
                 
                   Battering
                   Rams
                
                 :
                 He
                 made
                 likewise
                 Galleries
                 ,
                 through
                 which
                 they
                 that
                 were
                 imploy'd
                 might
                 pass
                 and
                 repass
                 with
                 safety
                 at
                 their
                 pleasure
                 .
                 By
                 the
                 help
                 and
                 assistance
                 likewise
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Seamen
                 ,
                 he
                 plain'd
                 and
                 laid
                 even
                 all
                 the
                 way
                 along
                 which
                 the
                 Engines
                 were
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 up
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Four
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 breadth
                 of
                 the
                 Work
                 fac'd
                 as
                 much
                 of
                 the
                 City-Wall
                 as
                 consisted
                 of
                 Six
                 Divisions
                 between
                 the
                 Turrets
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 Seven
                 of
                 the
                 Turrets
                 themselves
                 The
                 multitude
                 of
                 Artificers
                 and
                 Workmen
                 that
                 were
                 got
                 together
                 ,
                 were
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Thirty
                 thousand
                 Men.
                 Every
                 thing
                 therefore
                 (
                 through
                 multitude
                 of
                 hands
                 )
                 being
                 perfected
                 and
                 compleated
                 sooner
                 than
                 could
                 be
                 imagin'd
                 ,
                 Demetrius
                 became
                 a
                 Terror
                 to
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 ;
                 for
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 the
                 Engines
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Valour
                 and
                 Diligence
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 in
                 carrying
                 on
                 of
                 Sieges
                 amaz'd
                 them
                 :
                 
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 extraordinary
                 ingenious
                 in
                 invention
                 ,
                 and
                 contriv'd
                 many
                 things
                 beyond
                 all
                 the
                 Art
                 and
                 Industry
                 of
                 the
                 Artificers
                 ;
                 whence
                 he
                 got
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 *
                 Poliorches
                 :
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 fierce
                 and
                 violent
                 in
                 his
                 Assaults
                 ,
                 that
                 no
                 Wall
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 so
                 strong
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Defence
                 to
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 against
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 besides
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 Tall
                 and
                 Beautiful
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 look'd
                 like
                 a
                 
                   Demy
                   God
                
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 as
                 those
                 who
                 came
                 to
                 him
                 but
                 as
                 Guests
                 and
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 and
                 saw
                 his
                 Gracely
                 Meen
                 cloath'd
                 with
                 Royal
                 Majesty
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 struck
                 with
                 Admiration
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 often
                 attend
                 upon
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Expeditions
                 ,
                 meerly
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 satisfaction
                 in
                 looking
                 at
                 him
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 of
                 an
                 high
                 and
                 noble
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 that
                 scorn'd
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 stoop
                 to
                 the
                 common
                 sort
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 to
                 Princes
                 themselves
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 most
                 strange
                 and
                 peculiar
                 only
                 to
                 himself
                 was
                 ,
                 in
                 times
                 of
                 Peace
                 he
                 was
                 given
                 to
                 Drukenness
                 and
                 Banqueting
                 ,
                 to
                 Dancing
                 and
                 Rioting
                 ;
                 and
                 would
                 imitate
                 even
                 the
                 Manners
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 himself
                 ,
                 such
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 fabulously
                 reported
                 )
                 he
                 us'd
                 to
                 practise
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 upon
                 Earth
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 times
                 of
                 War
                 he
                 was
                 very
                 active
                 and
                 serious
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 he
                 went
                 beyond
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 both
                 as
                 to
                 his
                 Head
                 and
                 Hand
                 ,
                 when
                 any
                 thing
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 his
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 contrivance
                 ,
                 were
                 made
                 the
                 greatest
                 Darts
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 sort
                 of
                 Engines
                 as
                 far
                 exceeded
                 all
                 other
                 Nations
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 :
                 And
                 after
                 this
                 Siege
                 and
                 his
                 Father's
                 Death
                 ,
                 he
                 launch'd
                 forth
                 the
                 greatest
                 Ships
                 that
                 ever
                 were
                 before
                 seen
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 perceiving
                 how
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Works
                 went
                 on
                 ,
                 built
                 another
                 Wall
                 within
                 ,
                 answerable
                 to
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 now
                 presently
                 to
                 be
                 Assaulted
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 this
                 purpose
                 they
                 us'd
                 the
                 Stones
                 that
                 Wall'd
                 in
                 the
                 Theater
                 ,
                 and
                 pull'd
                 down
                 some
                 neighbouring
                 Houses
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 Temples
                 for
                 the
                 same
                 purpose
                 ,
                 vowing
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 to
                 build
                 larger
                 and
                 fairer
                 ,
                 
                 if
                 the
                 City
                 were
                 preserv'd
                 .
                 They
                 sent
                 out
                 likewise
                 Nine
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 the
                 Captains
                 that
                 infesting
                 every
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 surprizing
                 what
                 Ships
                 they
                 could
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 sink
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 they
                 took
                 ,
                 and
                 bring
                 in
                 others
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 Harbour
                 .
                 These
                 Captains
                 divided
                 their
                 Squadron
                 into
                 three
                 parts
                 ;
                 Damophilus
                 with
                 the
                 Ships
                 which
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 call'd
                 *
                 Phalacidae
                 sail'd
                 to
                 *
                 Carpathus
                 ,
                 were
                 surprizing
                 many
                 of
                 
                 Demetrius's
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 he
                 sunk
                 some
                 ,
                 and
                 burnt
                 others
                 that
                 were
                 drawn
                 up
                 upon
                 the
                 Shoar
                 ,
                 making
                 choice
                 of
                 such
                 Prisoners
                 as
                 might
                 be
                 most
                 useful
                 and
                 serviceable
                 ;
                 and
                 many
                 Ships
                 that
                 were
                 carrying
                 Corn
                 and
                 other
                 Fruits
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 he
                 brought
                 away
                 with
                 him
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 Menedemus
                 who
                 commanded
                 three
                 small
                 *
                 Gallies
                 betwixt
                 two
                 and
                 three
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 ,
                 made
                 for
                 Patara
                 and
                 Lycia
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 found
                 a
                 Ship
                 at
                 Anchor
                 ,
                 and
                 burnt
                 her
                 ;
                 all
                 her
                 Men
                 being
                 before
                 gone
                 off
                 to
                 Land
                 :
                 He
                 took
                 likewise
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Transport
                 Ships
                 which
                 carry'd
                 Provisions
                 to
                 their
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 them
                 to
                 Rhodes
                 :
                 He
                 took
                 also
                 a
                 Ship
                 of
                 Four
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 coming
                 out
                 of
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 which
                 carry'd
                 a
                 Royal
                 Robe
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 rich
                 Furniture
                 which
                 
                   Phila
                   Demetrius
                
                 his
                 Wife
                 had
                 curiously
                 wrought
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 sent
                 as
                 a
                 Present
                 to
                 her
                 Husband
                 .
                 He
                 order'd
                 the
                 Garments
                 to
                 be
                 convey'd
                 into
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 Purple
                 Robes
                 fit
                 for
                 none
                 to
                 wear
                 but
                 Kings
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Ship
                 he
                 took
                 away
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 sold
                 all
                 the
                 Seamen
                 he
                 had
                 taken
                 both
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Galley
                 of
                 four
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Vessels
                 .
                 Amyntas
                 who
                 commanded
                 the
                 other
                 Ships
                 sailed
                 to
                 the
                 Islands
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 falling
                 in
                 with
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 conveying
                 away
                 something
                 of
                 use
                 for
                 the
                 Engines
                 ,
                 he
                 sunk
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 in
                 others
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 were
                 taken
                 Eleven
                 famous
                 Artificers
                 ,
                 most
                 expert
                 Artists
                 in
                 making
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 Engines
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 this
                 was
                 call'd
                 a
                 General
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 wherein
                 it
                 was
                 propos'd
                 that
                 the
                 Statues
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 and
                 Demetrius
                 should
                 be
                 pull'd
                 down
                 ;
                 affirming
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 thing
                 intolerable
                 that
                 Enemies
                 and
                 Besiegers
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 should
                 have
                 the
                 same
                 Honours
                 as
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 Friends
                 and
                 Benefactors
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 People
                 were
                 much
                 incens'd
                 at
                 this
                 motion
                 ,
                 and
                 and
                 check'd
                 them
                 that
                 propos'd
                 it
                 as
                 those
                 that
                 did
                 ill
                 :
                 and
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 any
                 thing
                 in
                 diminution
                 to
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 thereby
                 ,
                 wisely
                 consulting
                 both
                 their
                 own
                 Reputation
                 and
                 Advantage
                 :
                 For
                 this
                 greatness
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 and
                 soundness
                 of
                 Judgment
                 in
                 a
                 Democratical
                 Government
                 redounded
                 amongst
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 praise
                 of
                 the
                 Besieged
                 ,
                 and
                 softned
                 and
                 melted
                 the
                 Spirits
                 of
                 the
                 Besiegers
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 that
                 had
                 set
                 at
                 liberty
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 testify'd
                 nothing
                 of
                 their
                 good
                 Will
                 towards
                 them
                 as
                 their
                 Benefactors
                 ,
                 now
                 seem'd
                 to
                 go
                 about
                 to
                 enslave
                 that
                 City
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 given
                 a
                 clear
                 and
                 evident
                 Demonstration
                 of
                 the
                 firmness
                 and
                 constancy
                 of
                 their
                 Gratitude
                 .
                 This
                 Resolution
                 likewise
                 might
                 reasonably
                 
                 be
                 concluded
                 to
                 be
                 of
                 singular
                 Advantage
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 worst
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 the
                 City
                 were
                 taken
                 ,
                 the
                 remembrance
                 of
                 their
                 Kindness
                 might
                 plead
                 and
                 prevail
                 for
                 their
                 Pardon
                 :
                 It
                 's
                 clear
                 therefore
                 that
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 manifested
                 singular
                 Prudence
                 in
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 this
                 Affair
                 .
              
               
                 Demetrius
                 had
                 even
                 now
                 undermin'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 when
                 a
                 Deserter
                 very
                 opportunely
                 came
                 in
                 and
                 inform'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Miners
                 were
                 approach'd
                 almost
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 :
                 
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 drew
                 a
                 deep
                 Trench
                 all
                 along
                 the
                 Wall
                 that
                 was
                 now
                 ready
                 to
                 be
                 tumbled
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 fell
                 to
                 Countermining
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 met
                 the
                 Enemy
                 under
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 prevented
                 the
                 Mine
                 from
                 proceeding
                 any
                 further
                 :
                 And
                 while
                 both
                 Parties
                 guarded
                 the
                 Mines
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 Demetrius
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 with
                 Money
                 brib'd
                 Athenagoras
                 ,
                 the
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 Guard
                 for
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 :
                 He
                 was
                 a
                 Milesian
                 ,
                 sent
                 thither
                 by
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 and
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 promis'd
                 to
                 betray
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 appointed
                 a
                 Day
                 on
                 which
                 Demetrius
                 should
                 send
                 some
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 chiefest
                 of
                 his
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 
                 who
                 should
                 enter
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 through
                 the
                 Mines
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 find
                 out
                 a
                 Place
                 fit
                 and
                 convenient
                 to
                 receive
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 .
                 Athenagoras
                 having
                 now
                 rais'd
                 up
                 the
                 Hopes
                 and
                 Expectations
                 of
                 the
                 Demetrians
                 ,
                 discovers
                 the
                 whole
                 Intrigue
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Compact
                 ,
                 sends
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Noblemen
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 a
                 Macedonian
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 seiz'd
                 him
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 peep'd
                 up
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Mine
                 ;
                 but
                 crown'd
                 Athenagoras
                 with
                 a
                 Crown
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 a
                 Reward
                 ,
                 gave
                 him
                 Five
                 Talents
                 of
                 Silver
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 made
                 it
                 their
                 Business
                 to
                 engage
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Mercenaties
                 and
                 Strangers
                 to
                 be
                 faithful
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 all
                 the
                 ways
                 they
                 could
                 .
                 However
                 ,
              
               
                 Demetrius
                 having
                 now
                 finish'd
                 all
                 his
                 Engines
                 ,
                 and
                 plain'd
                 and
                 laid
                 even
                 every
                 place
                 under
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 brought
                 up
                 his
                 *
                 Helepolis
                 in
                 the
                 middle
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 order'd
                 his
                 Testudoes
                 for
                 filling
                 up
                 of
                 Trenches
                 and
                 Ditches
                 ,
                 (
                 which
                 were
                 Eight
                 in
                 Number
                 ,
                 )
                 that
                 he
                 plac'd
                 Four
                 on
                 each
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Helepolis
                 .
                 To
                 each
                 of
                 these
                 was
                 adjoin'd
                 a
                 Gallery
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 who
                 went
                 in
                 and
                 out
                 might
                 execute
                 what
                 was
                 commanded
                 without
                 any
                 Danger
                 .
                 He
                 had
                 likewise
                 two
                 other
                 Testudoes
                 that
                 bore
                 
                   Battering
                   Rams
                
                 ,
                 far
                 larger
                 than
                 the
                 rest
                 ;
                 for
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 a
                 Hundred
                 and
                 twenty
                 Cubits
                 long
                 ,
                 strongly
                 arm'd
                 with
                 Iron
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 
                 *
                 Heads
                 resembled
                 the
                 Beak
                 of
                 a
                 Ship
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 easily
                 mov'd
                 forward
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 Wheels
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 do
                 effectual
                 Execution
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 on
                 by
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 at
                 least
                 .
              
               
                 Being
                 ready
                 to
                 bring
                 up
                 his
                 Engines
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 he
                 fill'd
                 every
                 Story
                 in
                 the
                 Helepolis
                 with
                 as
                 many
                 Engines
                 for
                 shooting
                 of
                 Stones
                 ,
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 and
                 Darts
                 ,
                 as
                 each
                 would
                 hold
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 sent
                 his
                 Sea-Forces
                 to
                 the
                 Haven
                 and
                 the
                 Places
                 adjoining
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 his
                 Land-Army
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 where
                 any
                 approach
                 could
                 possibly
                 be
                 made
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 at
                 one
                 Signal
                 and
                 Word
                 of
                 Command
                 all
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 shout
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 great
                 Violence
                 storm'd
                 the
                 City
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 :
                 And
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 time
                 that
                 the
                 Walls
                 were
                 shaking
                 and
                 trembling
                 with
                 the
                 Strokes
                 of
                 the
                 Battering
                 Rams
                 ,
                 and
                 Stones
                 shot
                 from
                 the
                 Engines
                 ,
                 in
                 came
                 Ambassadors
                 from
                 Cnidus
                 ,
                 and
                 intreated
                 him
                 to
                 forbear
                 all
                 further
                 Proceedings
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 persuade
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 to
                 submit
                 (
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 possible
                 )
                 to
                 his
                 Commands
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 hereupon
                 remitted
                 his
                 Heat
                 ,
                 and
                 Ambassadors
                 were
                 sent
                 from
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 who
                 banded
                 Matters
                 to
                 and
                 fro
                 ,
                 but
                 could
                 not
                 come
                 to
                 any
                 Agreement
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 he
                 resolutely
                 renew'd
                 the
                 Assault
                 ,
                 and
                 batter'd
                 down
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 strongest
                 Towers
                 built
                 of
                 Four-square
                 Stone
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 shook
                 the
                 whole
                 space
                 between
                 
                 the
                 Towers
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 could
                 not
                 pass
                 that
                 way
                 to
                 the
                 Bulwarks
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 King
                 Ptolemy
                 sent
                 a
                 great
                 Fleet
                 with
                 Provision
                 to
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 were
                 Three
                 hundred
                 thousand
                 *
                 Artabans
                 of
                 Corn
                 ,
                 Beans
                 ,
                 and
                 Pease
                 :
                 These
                 making
                 a
                 straight
                 course
                 for
                 
                   Rhodes
                   ,
                   Demetrius
                
                 sent
                 Shipping
                 after
                 them
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 seize
                 the
                 Provision
                 for
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Camp
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Ptolemeans
                 ,
                 (
                 hoising
                 up
                 all
                 their
                 Sails
                 ,
                 )
                 by
                 the
                 favour
                 of
                 a
                 fair
                 Gale
                 of
                 Wind
                 arriv'd
                 safe
                 at
                 their
                 Port
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 after
                 them
                 by
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 return'd
                 as
                 they
                 went.
                 Cassander
                 likewise
                 sent
                 Ten
                 thousand
                 Medimnas
                 of
                 Barly
                 to
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 ,
                 and
                 Lysimachus
                 Forty
                 thousand
                 of
                 Wheat
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 much
                 of
                 Barly
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Town
                 thus
                 supply'd
                 with
                 Plenty
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 their
                 languishing
                 Spirits
                 now
                 reviv'd
                 ;
                 and
                 thereupon
                 judging
                 it
                 much
                 to
                 their
                 Advantage
                 if
                 they
                 could
                 ruine
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Engines
                 ,
                 they
                 got
                 together
                 abundance
                 of
                 Fire-balls
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Engines
                 for
                 shooting
                 of
                 Fire
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 them
                 and
                 all
                 their
                 other
                 Artillery
                 upon
                 the
                 Walls
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 next
                 Night
                 ,
                 about
                 the
                 second
                 Watch
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 they
                 play'd
                 continually
                 upon
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Guard
                 with
                 their
                 Shot
                 of
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 Darts
                 ,
                 Stones
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Weapons
                 ;
                 and
                 making
                 use
                 also
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Fire-Engines
                 ,
                 they
                 grievously
                 wounded
                 and
                 galled
                 all
                 that
                 came
                 flocking
                 into
                 that
                 Part
                 :
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Demetrians
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 altogether
                 surpriz'd
                 by
                 so
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 an
                 Attack
                 )
                 being
                 mightily
                 concern'd
                 for
                 their
                 Engines
                 and
                 their
                 other
                 Works
                 ,
                 
                 ran
                 all
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 together
                 to
                 defend
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 Night
                 being
                 very
                 dark
                 ,
                 no
                 Moon
                 appearing
                 ,
                 
                 Firebrands
                 flying
                 about
                 with
                 great
                 violence
                 ,
                 gave
                 Light
                 to
                 the
                 Night
                 ;
                 and
                 Darts
                 and
                 Stones
                 from
                 the
                 *
                 Catapults
                 and
                 †
                 Ballistas
                 (
                 not
                 discern'd
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 shot
                 )
                 wounded
                 and
                 gall'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Combatants
                 ,
                 who
                 could
                 not
                 see
                 how
                 to
                 avoid
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 now
                 at
                 this
                 very
                 time
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Iron
                 Plates
                 fell
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 great
                 Engine
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Firebrands
                 had
                 the
                 good
                 Fortune
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 that
                 part
                 that
                 was
                 bare
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 Demetrius
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Fright
                 lest
                 the
                 Engine
                 should
                 be
                 totally
                 consum'd
                 as
                 the
                 Fire
                 encreas'd
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 prevent
                 it
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 speed
                 possible
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 quench
                 the
                 raging
                 Flame
                 by
                 the
                 Water
                 before
                 prepar'd
                 ,
                 and
                 ready
                 in
                 the
                 Apartments
                 of
                 the
                 Engine
                 for
                 such
                 Accidents
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 he
                 call'd
                 together
                 by
                 sound
                 of
                 Trumpet
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 to
                 move
                 the
                 Engines
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 Help
                 ,
                 brought
                 them
                 off
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 reach
                 of
                 the
                 Darts
                 .
                 When
                 it
                 was
                 day
                 ,
                 he
                 order'd
                 the
                 Boys
                 and
                 Pages
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 to
                 gather
                 all
                 the
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 shot
                 by
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 ;
                 because
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 desire
                 by
                 numbering
                 of
                 these
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 Conjecture
                 how
                 the
                 Citizens
                 were
                 furnish'd
                 and
                 provided
                 .
                 These
                 Boys
                 performing
                 what
                 they
                 were
                 commanded
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 in
                 number
                 of
                 Fire-brands
                 and
                 other
                 Vehicles
                 for
                 Fire
                 of
                 several
                 sizes
                 ,
                 above
                 Eight
                 Hundred
                 ,
                 of
                 Darts
                 no
                 fewer
                 than
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 This
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 Darts
                 ,
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 Firebrands
                 ,
                 and
                 Balls
                 ,
                 shot
                 in
                 in
                 so
                 little
                 a
                 portion
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 him
                 to
                 admire
                 the
                 Store
                 and
                 Provision
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 in
                 their
                 Ammunition
                 ;
                 and
                 likewise
                 their
                 great
                 Charge
                 and
                 Expence
                 in
                 providing
                 them
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 set
                 about
                 repairing
                 of
                 his
                 Engines
                 ,
                 burying
                 the
                 Dead
                 ,
                 and
                 curing
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 Wounded
                 :
                 During
                 which
                 time
                 ,
                 the
                 Citizens
                 (
                 having
                 a
                 Respite
                 from
                 the
                 Assaults
                 and
                 Batteries
                 of
                 the
                 Engines
                 )
                 built
                 a
                 third
                 Wall
                 in
                 the
                 shape
                 of
                 an
                 Half-Moon
                 ,
                 which
                 compass'd
                 in
                 all
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 that
                 lay
                 most
                 open
                 and
                 obnoxious
                 to
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Batteries
                 :
                 And
                 besides
                 this
                 ,
                 they
                 drew
                 a
                 deep
                 Trench
                 round
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 which
                 
                 was
                 ready
                 to
                 fall
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 might
                 not
                 enter
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 Push
                 .
                 They
                 sent
                 out
                 likewise
                 some
                 Ships
                 (
                 that
                 were
                 swift
                 Sailers
                 )
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Amyntas
                 ;
                 who
                 made
                 over
                 to
                 the
                 Continent
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 set
                 upon
                 some
                 Privateers
                 that
                 were
                 Commission'd
                 by
                 Demetrius
                 :
                 They
                 had
                 three
                 open
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 reputed
                 the
                 stoutest
                 Men
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 in
                 his
                 Fleet.
                 After
                 a
                 short
                 Fight
                 ,
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 took
                 both
                 the
                 Ships
                 and
                 Men
                 together
                 ,
                 among
                 whom
                 were
                 Timocles
                 ,
                 the
                 chief
                 of
                 the
                 Pirates
                 :
                 They
                 fell
                 likewise
                 upon
                 some
                 Merchant
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 some
                 light
                 Vessels
                 loaden
                 with
                 Corn
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 these
                 and
                 the
                 Pirates
                 open
                 Vessels
                 they
                 secretly
                 pass'd
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 into
                 Rhodes
                 .
              
               
                 Demetrius
                 having
                 repair'd
                 his
                 Machines
                 ,
                 brings
                 them
                 up
                 again
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 showers
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 forc'd
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 Bulwarks
                 ,
                 and
                 battering
                 the
                 Place
                 adjoining
                 with
                 his
                 Rams
                 ,
                 beat
                 down
                 two
                 Spaces
                 between
                 the
                 Towers
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 this
                 Action
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 Might
                 defended
                 the
                 middle
                 Tower
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 continually
                 press'd
                 upon
                 with
                 strong
                 Parties
                 of
                 fresh
                 Men
                 one
                 after
                 another
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 Aminias
                 their
                 chief
                 Commander
                 (
                 couragiously
                 behaving
                 himself
                 )
                 was
                 there
                 slain
                 ,
                 with
                 many
                 other
                 of
                 the
                 common
                 Soldiers
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 Things
                 were
                 doing
                 ,
                 King
                 Ptolemy
                 sent
                 to
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 as
                 much
                 Corn
                 and
                 other
                 Provision
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 before
                 ;
                 and
                 Fifteen
                 Hundred
                 Soldiers
                 besides
                 ,
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 a
                 Macedonian
                 .
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 there
                 came
                 to
                 Demetrius
                 above
                 Fifty
                 Ambassadors
                 from
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 all
                 solliciting
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 compose
                 Matters
                 ,
                 and
                 strike
                 up
                 a
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 
                 Cessation
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 Harangues
                 were
                 now
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 again
                 to
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 agree
                 upon
                 any
                 Terms
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 went
                 away
                 without
                 effecting
                 any
                 thing
                 .
              
               
                 Demetrius
                 afterwards
                 was
                 contriving
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 Attack
                 upon
                 the
                 City
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 at
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 that
                 was
                 fallen
                 down
                 ;
                 to
                 this
                 end
                 he
                 pick'd
                 out
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 fit
                 for
                 the
                 Purpose
                 ,
                 in
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Fifteen
                 Hundred
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 commanded
                 to
                 approach
                 the
                 Walls
                 secretly
                 about
                 the
                 second
                 Watch.
                 He
                 himself
                 stood
                 ready
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 Orders
                 to
                 the
                 Officers
                 of
                 every
                 Regiment
                 ,
                 upon
                 a
                 Signal
                 given
                 to
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 Shout
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 Assault
                 upon
                 the
                 City
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 ;
                 who
                 all
                 executed
                 his
                 Commands
                 accordingly
                 ;
                 and
                 presently
                 one
                 Party
                 made
                 to
                 the
                 Ruines
                 ,
                 and
                 killing
                 the
                 Watch
                 at
                 the
                 Trench
                 ,
                 broke
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Places
                 round
                 the
                 Theatre
                 .
                 The
                 Rhodians
                 seeing
                 all
                 the
                 City
                 in
                 an
                 Uproar
                 upon
                 the
                 knowledge
                 of
                 what
                 had
                 happen'd
                 ,
                 commanded
                 them
                 that
                 guarded
                 the
                 Port
                 and
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 to
                 keep
                 their
                 several
                 Posts
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour
                 to
                 beat
                 off
                 the
                 Enemy
                 that
                 attempted
                 to
                 enter
                 .
                 They
                 in
                 the
                 Town
                 with
                 the
                 stoutest
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 Soldiers
                 then
                 lately
                 come
                 from
                 Alexandria
                 ,
                 set
                 upon
                 
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 broke
                 in
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 :
                 But
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 Day
                 ,
                 Demetrius
                 lifted
                 up
                 
                 the
                 *
                 Signal
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 both
                 they
                 that
                 had
                 made
                 an
                 Attack
                 upon
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 round
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 Shout
                 all
                 together
                 ,
                 to
                 encourage
                 their
                 Men
                 that
                 had
                 enter'd
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 about
                 the
                 Theatre
                 .
                 The
                 poor
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 throughout
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 were
                 in
                 terrible
                 Frights
                 and
                 Lamentations
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 the
                 Town
                 had
                 been
                 then
                 certainly
                 taken
                 by
                 Storm
                 .
              
               
                 However
                 ,
                 a
                 sharp
                 Encounter
                 there
                 was
                 between
                 them
                 that
                 had
                 enter'd
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 and
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 ;
                 and
                 though
                 many
                 fell
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 yet
                 neither
                 of
                 them
                 at
                 first
                 gave
                 the
                 least
                 Ground
                 :
                 But
                 after
                 a
                 while
                 ,
                 when
                 many
                 more
                 of
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 came
                 flocking
                 in
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 endure
                 the
                 greatest
                 Extremity
                 ,
                 as
                 now
                 to
                 fight
                 for
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 all
                 that
                 was
                 dear
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 the
                 King's
                 Party
                 were
                 overborn
                 ;
                 and
                 Alcimus
                 and
                 Mantias
                 ,
                 the
                 Commanders
                 of
                 the
                 Party
                 ,
                 (
                 after
                 many
                 Wounds
                 receiv'd
                 ,
                 )
                 were
                 there
                 slain
                 ;
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 were
                 either
                 kill'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Spot
                 ,
                 or
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 ;
                 but
                 some
                 few
                 made
                 their
                 escape
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 to
                 the
                 King.
                 Many
                 likewise
                 of
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 were
                 slain
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 was
                 Damotetis
                 ,
                 *
                 President
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 most
                 Renown'd
                 for
                 his
                 Valour
                 .
                 Demetrius
                 (
                 although
                 he
                 judg'd
                 ,
                 that
                 Fortune
                 had
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 wrung
                 the
                 City
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Hands
                 ,
                 yet
                 )
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 another
                 Assault
                 ;
                 But
                 his
                 Father
                 writing
                 to
                 him
                 to
                 make
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 upon
                 such
                 Terms
                 and
                 Conditions
                 as
                 he
                 could
                 get
                 ,
                 he
                 watch'd
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 convenient
                 opportunity
                 ,
                 which
                 might
                 afford
                 him
                 a
                 
                 colourable
                 Pretence
                 for
                 an
                 Agreement
                 and
                 Composure
                 of
                 Matters
                 between
                 them
                 .
                 Ptolemy
                 likewise
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 writ
                 to
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 to
                 acquaint
                 them
                 that
                 he
                 intended
                 to
                 send
                 them
                 a
                 great
                 quantity
                 of
                 Corn
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 yet
                 afterwards
                 advising
                 them
                 to
                 Treat
                 and
                 Agree
                 with
                 Antigonus
                 upon
                 any
                 reasonable
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 they
                 all
                 inclin'd
                 to
                 Peace
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 likewise
                 the
                 Aetolian
                 Commonwealth
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Negociate
                 a
                 Pacification
                 .
                 The
                 Rhodians
                 therefore
                 at
                 length
                 struck
                 up
                 a
                 Peace
                 with
                 
                 Demetrius
                 upon
                 the
                 Conditions
                 following
                 ;
                 viz.
                 
                 
                   That
                   the
                   City
                   should
                   Govern
                   according
                   to
                   their
                   own
                   Laws
                   ,
                   and
                   should
                   be
                   without
                   a
                   Garison
                   :
                   That
                   they
                   should
                   Enjoy
                   their
                   own
                   Estates
                   and
                   Revenues
                   :
                   That
                   they
                   should
                   join
                   with
                   Antigonus
                   in
                   his
                   Wars
                   against
                   all
                   Persons
                   ,
                   except
                   Ptolemy
                   :
                   And
                   that
                   they
                   should
                   deliver
                   a
                   Hundred
                   Citizens
                   for
                   Hostages
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   Demetrius
                   should
                   make
                   Choice
                   of
                   ,
                   except
                   such
                   as
                   were
                   Magistrates
                   .
                
                 And
                 thus
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 (
                 after
                 a
                 whole
                 Year's
                 Siege
                 )
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 honouring
                 those
                 with
                 just
                 Rewards
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 approv'd
                 themselves
                 honest
                 and
                 faithful
                 to
                 their
                 Country
                 ;
                 and
                 such
                 Slaves
                 as
                 had
                 behav'd
                 themselves
                 stoutly
                 and
                 valiantly
                 ,
                 they
                 set
                 free
                 ,
                 and
                 enroll'd
                 them
                 as
                 Members
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 They
                 set
                 up
                 likewise
                 the
                 Statues
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 
                   Ptolemy
                   ,
                   Cassander
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Lysimachus
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 some
                 others
                 inferiour
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 yet
                 who
                 had
                 contributed
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 Preservation
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 .
                 But
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 express
                 their
                 Gratitude
                 
                 and
                 Thankfulness
                 to
                 Ptolemy
                 above
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 some
                 of
                 their
                 Priests
                 to
                 consult
                 the
                 Oracles
                 of
                 Ammon
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 should
                 worship
                 Ptolemy
                 as
                 a
                 God
                 ,
                 or
                 no
                 :
                 And
                 being
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 should
                 ;
                 they
                 consecrated
                 to
                 him
                 a
                 Four-square
                 Grove
                 in
                 their
                 
                 City
                 ;
                 building
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 thereof
                 a
                 Gallery
                 of
                 a
                 Furlong
                 in
                 length
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 it
                 Ptolemeum
                 ,
                 or
                 
                   Ptolemy's
                   Gallery
                
                 .
                 They
                 repair'd
                 also
                 the
                 Theatre
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 Walls
                 that
                 were
                 thrown
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Places
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 ruin'd
                 ,
                 far
                 more
                 Beautiful
                 and
                 Glorious
                 than
                 they
                 were
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 Demetrius
                 having
                 ratifi'd
                 the
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 ,
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Father's
                 Commands
                 ,
                 )
                 loos'd
                 from
                 thence
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 passing
                 by
                 the
                 Islands
                 ,
                 he
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Aulis
                 in
                 Boeotia
                 ,
                 minding
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 set
                 the
                 Grecians
                 at
                 Liberty
                 ;
                 for
                 Cassander
                 and
                 Polysperchon
                 grown
                 bold
                 through
                 the
                 absence
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 had
                 not
                 long
                 before
                 wasted
                 and
                 harrass'd
                 many
                 Parts
                 of
                 Greece
                 .
                 And
                 first
                 of
                 all
                 he
                 freed
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Calcideans
                 from
                 a
                 Garison
                 of
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 the
                 Boeotians
                 (
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 him
                 )
                 to
                 fall
                 off
                 from
                 their
                 League
                 with
                 Cassander
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 confederating
                 with
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 ,
                 he
                 prepar'd
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 Polysperchon
                 and
                 Cassander
                 .
              
               
                 During
                 these
                 Transactions
                 ,
                 Eumelus
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 
                   Bospherus
                   Cimmerius
                
                 ,
                 having
                 now
                 reign'd
                 
                 Six
                 Years
                 ,
                 ended
                 his
                 Days
                 ;
                 after
                 whom
                 succeeded
                 Sparticus
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 who
                 reign'd
                 Twenty
                 Years
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 now
                 given
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Greece
                 and
                 Asia
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 pass
                 over
                 to
                 other
                 Parts
                 of
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
               
                 In
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   Agathocles
                
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 any
                 Provocation
                 ,
                 invaded
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Lipari
                 Islands
                 ,
                 being
                 then
                 in
                 full
                 and
                 perfect
                 Peace
                 and
                 Security
                 ,
                 and
                 exacted
                 from
                 them
                 Fifty
                 Talents
                 of
                 Silver
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 time
                 ,
                 many
                 thought
                 that
                 't
                 was
                 then
                 spoken
                 from
                 a
                 Divine
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 when
                 't
                 was
                 said
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   God
                   would
                   remarkably
                   pursue
                   him
                   for
                   his
                   Wickedness
                   :
                
                 The
                 Liparians
                 then
                 desir'd
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 give
                 some
                 time
                 to
                 make
                 up
                 the
                 Money
                 that
                 was
                 short
                 ,
                 declaring
                 that
                 to
                 that
                 time
                 they
                 never
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 Dedicated
                 Treasure
                 :
                 
                 But
                 Agathocles
                 forc'd
                 him
                 to
                 give
                 him
                 the
                 Money
                 that
                 was
                 in
                 the
                 *
                 
                   Sacred
                   Treasury
                
                 .
                 Upon
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 was
                 stamp'd
                 the
                 Image
                 of
                 Aeolus
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 others
                 Vulcan
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 got
                 it
                 ,
                 he
                 set
                 sail
                 and
                 away
                 he
                 went
                 :
                 But
                 there
                 arose
                 a
                 Storm
                 that
                 broke
                 in
                 pieces
                 Eleven
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 that
                 carry'd
                 the
                 Money
                 :
                 Which
                 gave
                 occasion
                 to
                 many
                 to
                 conclude
                 ,
                 that
                 Aeolus
                 (
                 who
                 is
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 Winds
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 )
                 executed
                 Vengeance
                 upon
                 him
                 at
                 his
                 first
                 setting
                 forth
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 Vulcan
                 at
                 his
                 latter
                 end
                 punish'd
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 in
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 just
                 Desert
                 of
                 his
                 Wickedness
                 ,
                 burning
                 him
                 alive
                 with
                 hot
                 Coals
                 :
                 For
                 it
                 was
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Justice
                 and
                 Divine
                 Will
                 that
                 forbore
                 and
                 pass'd
                 over
                 those
                 that
                 sav'd
                 and
                 preserv'd
                 their
                 Parents
                 at
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 Mount
                 Aetna
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 exerted
                 his
                 Power
                 in
                 punishing
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 impiously
                 prophan'd
                 the
                 Deity
                 .
                 But
                 what
                 is
                 now
                 said
                 concerning
                 the
                 Return
                 and
                 Misfortunes
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 shall
                 be
                 further
                 
                 confirm'd
                 when
                 we
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Time
                 proper
                 for
                 that
                 Relation
                 ;
                 but
                 now
                 we
                 must
                 apply
                 our selves
                 to
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 of
                 Italy
                 that
                 lay
                 bordering
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Romans
                 and
                 Samnites
                 ,
                 after
                 a
                 War
                 of
                 Two
                 and
                 twenty
                 Years
                 and
                 Six
                 Months
                 continuance
                 ,
                 by
                 their
                 mutual
                 Ambassadors
                 at
                 length
                 made
                 Peace
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 .
                 But
                 Sempronius
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Consuls
                 ,
                 broke
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Aequi
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Forty
                 Towns
                 in
                 Forty
                 Days
                 time
                 at
                 the
                 most
                 ;
                 and
                 bringing
                 the
                 whole
                 Country
                 into
                 absolute
                 Subjection
                 to
                 the
                 Roman
                 Yoke
                 ,
                 return'd
                 home
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 worthily
                 and
                 gloriously
                 triumph'd
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Romans
                 enter
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Marsi
                   ,
                   Peligni
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Marrycini
                 .
              
               
                 When
                 the
                 former
                 Year
                 was
                 ended
                 ,
                 Leostratus
                 was
                 chosen
                 Chief
                 Magistrate
                 of
                 Athens
                 for
                 this
                 succeeding
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Servius
                   Cornelius
                
                 and
                 
                   Lucius
                   Genucius
                
                 were
                 created
                 consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 .
                 
                 In
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 whose
                 Governments
                 ,
                 Demetrius
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 restore
                 Liberty
                 to
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ;
                 and
                 above
                 all
                 other
                 Concerns
                 ,
                 to
                 put
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 
                 Greece
                 into
                 a
                 good
                 and
                 happy
                 Condition
                 ;
                 because
                 he
                 hop'd
                 by
                 the
                 Liberty
                 granted
                 ,
                 thereby
                 both
                 to
                 advance
                 his
                 own
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 as
                 also
                 to
                 break
                 those
                 Captains
                 of
                 
                 Cassander's
                 as
                 were
                 join'd
                 with
                 Prepalaus
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 by
                 falling
                 upon
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 gain
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 to
                 himself
                 .
                 The
                 City
                 of
                 Sicyon
                 was
                 then
                 held
                 by
                 a
                 Garison
                 of
                 Ptolemy
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 Philip
                 ,
                 a
                 brave
                 and
                 gallant
                 Man
                 ,
                 was
                 Governor
                 ;
                 upon
                 this
                 Place
                 Demetrius
                 
                 made
                 a
                 sudden
                 Attack
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 broke
                 in
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 the
                 Garison
                 Soldiers
                 presently
                 hurri'd
                 into
                 the
                 Castle
                 .
                 Demetrius
                 being
                 now
                 possess'd
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 posted
                 himself
                 between
                 the
                 Houses
                 and
                 the
                 Cittadel
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 just
                 upon
                 the
                 point
                 of
                 bringing
                 up
                 his
                 Engines
                 ,
                 they
                 within
                 were
                 so
                 terrify'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 surrender'd
                 upon
                 Terms
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 sail'd
                 away
                 into
                 Aegypt
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 having
                 prevail'd
                 with
                 the
                 Sicyons
                 to
                 remove
                 and
                 settle
                 themselves
                 within
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 he
                 laid
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 that
                 adjoin'd
                 to
                 the
                 Haven
                 even
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 a
                 Place
                 before
                 every
                 way
                 strongly
                 fortify'd
                 :
                 Then
                 joining
                 with
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 and
                 helping
                 them
                 to
                 build
                 *
                 Houses
                 ,
                 and
                 restoring
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 honour'd
                 by
                 these
                 he
                 had
                 thus
                 oblig'd
                 as
                 a
                 Demi-God
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 call'd
                 the
                 City
                 Demetriades
                 ,
                 and
                 appointed
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 Festivals
                 and
                 Sports
                 ,
                 with
                 other
                 Honours
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 Yearly
                 celebrated
                 and
                 offer'd
                 in
                 Memory
                 of
                 him
                 as
                 the
                 Builder
                 of
                 their
                 City
                 .
                 But
                 Time
                 and
                 Turns
                 of
                 Fortune
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 these
                 Solemnities
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Sicyons
                 therefore
                 being
                 fix'd
                 in
                 a
                 far
                 better
                 Place
                 than
                 they
                 were
                 before
                 ,
                 have
                 continu'd
                 there
                 from
                 that
                 very
                 time
                 to
                 this
                 day
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Site
                 of
                 the
                 Citadel
                 is
                 large
                 and
                 Plain
                 ,
                 compass'd
                 in
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 with
                 inaccessible
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 no
                 Engine
                 can
                 possibly
                 approach
                 or
                 come
                 near
                 it
                 :
                 It
                 's
                 furnish'd
                 likewise
                 with
                 plenty
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 greatly
                 inrich
                 their
                 Gardens
                 and
                 Orchards
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 all
                 approv'd
                 the
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 ingenious
                 Contrivance
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 provided
                 for
                 them
                 every
                 
                 thing
                 conducing
                 to
                 their
                 Pleasure
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 their
                 Protection
                 and
                 Security
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 War.
                 Having
                 settled
                 all
                 Things
                 at
                 Sicyon
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 thence
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 to
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 which
                 Prepalaus
                 ,
                 Cassander's
                 General
                 ,
                 then
                 held
                 with
                 a
                 strong
                 Garison
                 ;
                 where
                 being
                 presently
                 let
                 in
                 by
                 the
                 Citizens
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 (
                 through
                 a
                 little
                 Sally-Port
                 .
                 )
                 he
                 gain'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Havens-The
                 Soldiers
                 in
                 Garison
                 hereupon
                 fled
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 *
                 Sisyphium
                 ,
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 's
                 call'd
                 ,
                 )
                 others
                 into
                 the
                 Cittadel
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Engines
                 being
                 brought
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Fortifications
                 ,
                 after
                 much
                 much
                 Toil
                 and
                 Labour
                 he
                 took
                 Sisyphium
                 by
                 Storm
                 :
                 The
                 Besieg'd
                 had
                 (
                 before
                 he
                 enter'd
                 )
                 all
                 fled
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Cittadel
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 so
                 terrify'd
                 them
                 also
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 forc'd
                 them
                 to
                 surrender
                 ;
                 for
                 this
                 King
                 in
                 Assaults
                 was
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 resisted
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 inventing
                 of
                 Engines
                 for
                 the
                 assaulting
                 of
                 Places
                 ,
                 was
                 extraordinary
                 Ingenious
                 .
              
               
               
                 And
                 now
                 altho'
                 he
                 restor'd
                 the
                 Corinthians
                 to
                 their
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 put
                 a
                 Garison
                 into
                 the
                 *
                 Citadel
                 ;
                 because
                 the
                 Citizens
                 desir'd
                 to
                 continue
                 under
                 the
                 †
                 King's
                 Protection
                 ,
                 until
                 he
                 had
                 subdu'd
                 Cassander
                 :
                 And
                 so
                 Prepelaus
                 having
                 thus
                 poorly
                 lost
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 went
                 to
                 Cassander
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 Demetrius
                 march'd
                 into
                 Achaia
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 Buta
                 by
                 Assault
                 ;
                 and
                 within
                 a
                 few
                 days
                 after
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 Scyrus
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 expell'd
                 the
                 Garison
                 thence
                 :
                 Moving
                 forward
                 ,
                 he
                 freed
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Achaia
                 .
                 Then
                 encamping
                 at
                 Aegeum
                 ,
                 he
                 lay
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 round
                 the
                 Walls
                 ;
                 and
                 upon
                 a
                 Parly
                 with
                 Strombichus
                 the
                 Governour
                 ,
                 demanded
                 the
                 Surrender
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 refus'd
                 ,
                 but
                 rail'd
                 against
                 Demetrius
                 from
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 him
                 base
                 Language
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 the
                 King
                 brought
                 up
                 the
                 Engines
                 ,
                 batter'd
                 down
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 by
                 Storm
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 crucify'd
                 Strombicus
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 plac'd
                 there
                 as
                 Governour
                 by
                 Polysperchon
                 )
                 and
                 about
                 Fourscore
                 more
                 that
                 were
                 his
                 inveterate
                 Enemies
                 )
                 before
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 .
                 And
                 from
                 among
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 he
                 pickt
                 out
                 2000
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 and
                 intermixt
                 them
                 amongst
                 his
                 own
                 Regiments
                 .
              
               
                 After
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 they
                 who
                 held
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Forts
                 and
                 Castles
                 ,
                 thought
                 it
                 to
                 no
                 purpose
                 to
                 oppose
                 the
                 King
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 all
                 surrendred
                 their
                 Garisons
                 .
                 And
                 all
                 the
                 Governours
                 of
                 Cities
                 (
                 seeing
                 that
                 Cassander
                 and
                 Polysperchon
                 sent
                 them
                 no
                 Assistance
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Demetrius
                 with
                 a
                 potent
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 Engines
                 (
                 the
                 greatest
                 that
                 
                 ever
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 Field
                 )
                 was
                 ready
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 surrender'd
                 all
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Demetrius
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 Italy
                 the
                 Tarentines
                 (
                 being
                 at
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Lucanians
                 and
                 the
                 Romans
                 )
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 
                 to
                 Sparta
                 desiring
                 Aid
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Cleonymus
                 might
                 be
                 sent
                 them
                 for
                 their
                 General
                 .
                 The
                 Lacedaemonians
                 readily
                 granted
                 the
                 General
                 that
                 was
                 desir'd
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Tarentines
                 sent
                 Ships
                 and
                 Money
                 ,
                 wherewith
                 Cleonymus
                 rais'd
                 Five
                 thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 muster'd
                 them
                 at
                 Tenarus
                 in
                 Laconia
                 ;
                 and
                 thence
                 by
                 a
                 short
                 Cut
                 sail'd
                 to
                 Tarentum
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 hir'd
                 as
                 many
                 Mercenaries
                 as
                 the
                 former
                 ,
                 and
                 listed
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 :
                 In
                 the
                 whole
                 he
                 rais'd
                 above
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 two
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 He
                 join'd
                 to
                 his
                 Army
                 likewise
                 many
                 Greeks
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Messapians
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 the
                 Lucanians
                 being
                 terrify'd
                 with
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 made
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Tarentines
                 :
                 Only
                 the
                 Metapontians
                 stood
                 off
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 requir'd
                 the
                 Lucanians
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 spoiling
                 and
                 harassing
                 their
                 Country
                 ;
                 and
                 accordingly
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 a
                 fit
                 Opportunity
                 ,
                 he
                 broke
                 in
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 them
                 into
                 a
                 terrible
                 fright
                 :
                 And
                 tho'
                 he
                 enter'dinto
                 the
                 *
                 City
                 as
                 a
                 Friend
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 trapann'd
                 the
                 Citizens
                 out
                 of
                 Six
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 of
                 Silver
                 ,
                 and
                 upwards
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 away
                 Two
                 hundred
                 young
                 Ladies
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Quality
                 for
                 Hostages
                 ;
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 to
                 secure
                 the
                 Performance
                 of
                 the
                 League
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 gratifie
                 his
                 own
                 brutish
                 Lusts
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 threw
                 off
                 his
                 Laconick
                 Habit
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 up
                 himself
                 to
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Voluptuousness
                 ;
                 and
                 brought
                 them
                 into
                 Bondage
                 and
                 Slavery
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 committed
                 themselves
                 to
                 his
                 Care
                 and
                 Protection
                 .
                 For
                 tho'
                 he
                 had
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 well
                 provided
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 did
                 noting
                 worthy
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 a
                 Spartan
                 .
                 He
                 determin'd
                 indeed
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 Expedition
                 into
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 under
                 colour
                 to
                 overturn
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 restore
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 to
                 
                 their
                 ancient
                 Laws
                 and
                 Liberties
                 ;
                 but
                 omitting
                 that
                 for
                 the
                 present
                 ,
                 he
                 sail'd
                 to
                 Corcyra
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 taken
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 got
                 there
                 a
                 vast
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 and
                 Garison'd
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 designing
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 that
                 as
                 a
                 Town
                 and
                 Citadel
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 thence
                 to
                 manage
                 all
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Greece
                 .
                 Forthwith
                 Ambassadors
                 came
                 to
                 him
                 from
                 
                   Demetrius
                   ,
                   Poliorches
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Cassander
                 severally
                 ,
                 to
                 sollicit
                 him
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 them
                 as
                 Confederates
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 join'd
                 with
                 neither
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 hearing
                 that
                 the
                 Tarentines
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 had
                 deserted
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 revolted
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 a
                 sufficient
                 Garison
                 at
                 Corcyra
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Forces
                 sail'd
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Heat
                 into
                 Italy
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Resolution
                 to
                 execute
                 exemplary
                 Punishment
                 upon
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 rebell'd
                 .
                 Arriving
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 Place
                 where
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 kept
                 Guard
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 sold
                 the
                 Men
                 for
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 he
                 spoil'd
                 and
                 harass'd
                 all
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 He
                 took
                 also
                 a
                 Town
                 call'd
                 Triopius
                 by
                 Assault
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 thence
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Captives
                 :
                 But
                 about
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 got
                 into
                 a
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 upon
                 his
                 Camp
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 above
                 two
                 hundred
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 about
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Prisoners
                 ;
                 and
                 together
                 with
                 this
                 Misfortune
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 time
                 arose
                 a
                 violent
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 broke
                 in
                 pieces
                 20
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 lay
                 at
                 Anchor
                 near
                 to
                 his
                 Camp.
                 
              
               
                 Being
                 plagu'd
                 with
                 these
                 Losses
                 and
                 Misfortunes
                 falling
                 one
                 upon
                 the
                 neck
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 Cleonymus
                 sail'd
                 back
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 to
                 Corcyra
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 former
                 Year
                 being
                 now
                 past
                 ,
                 this
                 Year
                 Nicocles
                 executed
                 the
                 Office
                 of
                 Lord
                 Chancellor
                 
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Livius
                
                 and
                 
                   Marcus
                   Aemilius
                
                 succeeded
                 Consuls
                 at
                 Rome
                 :
                 At
                 which
                 time
                 Cassander
                 King
                 of
                 Macedon
                 seeing
                 the
                 Armies
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 to
                 increase
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Storm
                 was
                 impending
                 and
                 ready
                 to
                 fall
                 with
                 all
                 its
                 weight
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Consternation
                 concerning
                 the
                 Issue
                 and
                 Event
                 :
                 He
                 sent
                 therefore
                 Ambassadors
                 into
                 Asia
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 to
                 intreat
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 reconcil'd
                 and
                 strike
                 up
                 a
                 Peace
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 
                 who
                 fiercely
                 and
                 roughly
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 would
                 own
                 no
                 Peace
                 that
                 should
                 be
                 made
                 
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 unless
                 Cassander
                 would
                 deliver
                 up
                 all
                 into
                 his
                 hands
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 Answer
                 he
                 was
                 greatly
                 terrify'd
                 ;
                 and
                 sent
                 for
                 Lysimachus
                 out
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 to
                 venture
                 all
                 in
                 a
                 Common
                 Lot
                 both
                 together
                 :
                 For
                 ever
                 in
                 his
                 greatest
                 Straits
                 his
                 manner
                 was
                 to
                 have
                 recourse
                 to
                 him
                 for
                 Relief
                 ,
                 both
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 border'd
                 upon
                 Macedonia
                 .
                 These
                 two
                 Kings
                 therefore
                 (
                 consulting
                 together
                 how
                 to
                 manage
                 their
                 Affairs
                 to
                 the
                 best
                 Advantage
                 of
                 them
                 both
                 )
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Ptolemy
                 King
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Seleucus
                 Prince
                 of
                 the
                 Higher
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 giving
                 them
                 an
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 proud
                 Answer
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 ;
                 telling
                 them
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 were
                 all
                 in
                 equal
                 Danger
                 by
                 this
                 War
                 ;
                 for
                 if
                 Antigonus
                 gain'd
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 presently
                 swallow
                 up
                 the
                 rest
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 upon
                 several
                 occasions
                 given
                 a
                 clear
                 Discovery
                 of
                 his
                 Covetousness
                 and
                 Ambition
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 have
                 none
                 to
                 be
                 Sharers
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 any
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Empire
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 very
                 fit
                 and
                 expedient
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 all
                 join
                 together
                 against
                 him
                 .
                 
              
               
                 Ptolemy
                 and
                 Seleucus
                 (
                 judging
                 what
                 was
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 certainly
                 true
                 )
                 readily
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 League
                 ,
                 and
                 rais'd
                 numerous
                 Forces
                 to
                 be
                 assistant
                 in
                 the
                 War.
                 However
                 ,
                 Cassander
                 judged
                 it
                 not
                 prudent
                 to
                 suffer
                 the
                 Enemy
                 first
                 to
                 break
                 in
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 rather
                 for
                 his
                 Advantage
                 to
                 be
                 before-hand
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 fall
                 first
                 upon
                 them
                 :
                 To
                 that
                 end
                 he
                 deliver'd
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 to
                 Lysimachus
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 a
                 General
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 march'd
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 into
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 to
                 fight
                 with
                 Demetrius
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Grecians
                 .
              
               
                 Lysimachus
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 pass'd
                 over
                 out
                 of
                 Europe
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 free
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 Lampsacus
                 and
                 Paros
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 sided
                 with
                 him
                 upon
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 :
                 But
                 taking
                 
                 Sigaeum
                 by
                 Assault
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 a
                 Garison
                 into
                 it
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 committed
                 Six
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 a
                 Thousand
                 Horse
                 to
                 the
                 Charge
                 of
                 Prepelaus
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 him
                 to
                 take
                 in
                 the
                 Cities
                 in
                 Aeolia
                 and
                 Ionia
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 design'd
                 to
                 besiege
                 Abydos
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 Darts
                 ,
                 Battering
                 Rams
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Engines
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 .
                 But
                 a
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 being
                 sent
                 by
                 Sea
                 from
                 Demetrius
                 for
                 the
                 defence
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 off
                 his
                 Design
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 taken
                 in
                 Hellespont
                 and
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 on
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 City
                 Synada
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 *
                 King's
                 Magazine
                 lay
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 drew
                 over
                 Docimus
                 ,
                 a
                 Commander
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 Party
                 ,
                 to
                 stand
                 for
                 the
                 Common
                 Cause
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 help
                 took
                 both
                 Synada
                 and
                 other
                 Forts
                 where
                 the
                 King's
                 Treasures
                 were
                 laid
                 up
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Prepelaus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 sent
                 to
                 make
                 War
                 upon
                 Aeolia
                 and
                 Ionia
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 way
                 took
                 Adramittium
                 ,
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 Ephesus
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 terrify'd
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 submitted
                 ;
                 and
                 finding
                 there
                 the
                 Hostages
                 which
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 had
                 given
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 them
                 all
                 
                 home
                 again
                 to
                 their
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 did
                 no
                 hurt
                 to
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Ephesians
                 in
                 their
                 Persons
                 ;
                 but
                 set
                 on
                 fire
                 all
                 the
                 Ships
                 which
                 he
                 found
                 in
                 their
                 Harbour
                 ,
                 because
                 the
                 Enemy
                 Commanded
                 as
                 yet
                 all
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 the
                 Issue
                 of
                 the
                 War
                 was
                 hitherto
                 uncertain
                 .
                 Afterthis
                 ,
                 he
                 join'd
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 Teians
                 and
                 Coplohonians
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 for
                 Erythrae
                 and
                 Clazomene
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 Succour
                 sent
                 unto
                 them
                 by
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 take
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 having
                 wasted
                 their
                 Territories
                 ,
                 he
                 departed
                 and
                 went
                 for
                 Sardis
                 ;
                 and
                 there
                 he
                 drew
                 over
                 by
                 fair
                 Words
                 Phoenix
                 and
                 Docimus
                 ,
                 two
                 of
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 Captains
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 it self
                 ,
                 all
                 but
                 the
                 
                 Castle
                 into
                 his
                 Protection
                 .
                 As
                 for
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 Philippus
                 (
                 a
                 Friend
                 of
                 
                 Antigonus's
                 )
                 kept
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 not
                 betray
                 the
                 Trust
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 repos'd
                 in
                 him
                 .
                 Antigonus
                 was
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 wholly
                 taken
                 up
                 in
                 making
                 Sports
                 and
                 Feasts
                 at
                 Antigonia
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 proclaim'd
                 great
                 Prizes
                 for
                 such
                 as
                 would
                 put
                 in
                 for
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 huge
                 Wages
                 to
                 all
                 cunning
                 Artificers
                 that
                 could
                 be
                 gotten
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 heard
                 how
                 Lysimachus
                 was
                 come
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 what
                 Multitudes
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 revolted
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 brake
                 off
                 his
                 Sports
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 disburs'd
                 among
                 the
                 Wrestlers
                 and
                 Artificers
                 
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Talents
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 taking
                 his
                 Army
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 march'd
                 away
                 out
                 of
                 Syria
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 long
                 Journies
                 hastned
                 to
                 meet
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Tarsus
                 in
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 he
                 there
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Monies
                 which
                 he
                 took
                 with
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Quindi
                 ,
                 gave
                 his
                 Army
                 Three
                 Months
                 Pay
                 before-hand
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 this
                 ,
                 brought
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Talents
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 he
                 might
                 not
                 be
                 to
                 seek
                 for
                 Money
                 ,
                 if
                 need
                 should
                 be
                 .
                 Then
                 passing
                 the
                 Taurus
                 ,
                 he
                 hasted
                 into
                 Cappadoci
                 ,
                 and
                 reduc'd
                 such
                 as
                 in
                 the
                 
                 
                   Upper
                   Phrygia
                
                 and
                 Lacaonia
                 had
                 revolted
                 from
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 these
                 serv'd
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Wars
                 as
                 they
                 did
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 Then
                 Lysimachus
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 approach
                 ,
                 fell
                 to
                 consult
                 with
                 his
                 Council
                 in
                 this
                 imminent
                 Danger
                 ,
                 what
                 was
                 fittest
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 ;
                 and
                 their
                 Advice
                 was
                 ,
                 by
                 no
                 means
                 to
                 hazard
                 a
                 Battel
                 till
                 Seleucus
                 came
                 down
                 from
                 the
                 Upper
                 Provinces
                 ;
                 but
                 to
                 possess
                 himself
                 of
                 the
                 surest
                 Places
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Intrench
                 himself
                 in
                 the
                 strongest
                 manner
                 that
                 possibly
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 with
                 Ramparts
                 ,
                 Palissadoes
                 ,
                 and
                 Stakes
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 expect
                 the
                 coming
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 Lysimachus
                 having
                 heard
                 this
                 Advice
                 ,
                 put
                 it
                 seriously
                 in
                 Execution
                 :
                 And
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 near
                 his
                 Camp
                 ,
                 drew
                 out
                 in
                 Battalia
                 ,
                 and
                 provok'd
                 〈…〉
                 to
                 fight
                 ;
                 
                 but
                 seeing
                 he
                 would
                 not
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 and
                 kept
                 all
                 the
                 Passages
                 by
                 which
                 any
                 Victual
                 might
                 come
                 unto
                 the
                 Camp
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 Lysimachus
                 fearing
                 lest
                 he
                 should
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 forwant
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 remov'd
                 by
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 march'd
                 Four
                 hundred
                 Furlongs
                 came
                 to
                 Doryleum
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 Encamp'd
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 there
                 was
                 sto●e
                 of
                 Corn
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Provisions
                 in
                 abundance
                 ,
                 having
                 a
                 River
                 at
                 the
                 back
                 of
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 Defence
                 to
                 his
                 Camp.
                 Wherefore
                 having
                 rais'd
                 a
                 Work
                 ,
                 and
                 inclos'd
                 it
                 with
                 an
                 exceeding
                 deep
                 Trench
                 ,
                 and
                 Pallisado'd
                 it
                 with
                 three
                 Rows
                 of
                 Stakes
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 all
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 ,
                 sure
                 :
                 But
                 Antigonus
                 finding
                 the
                 Enemy
                 gone
                 ,
                 pursu'd
                 after
                 him
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 ;
                 and
                 coming
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 he
                 lay
                 ,
                 entrench'd
                 ,
                 and
                 seeing
                 no
                 disposition
                 in
                 him
                 to
                 fight
                 ,
                 he
                 presently
                 fell
                 to
                 work
                 ,
                 and
                 drew
                 another
                 Trench
                 round
                 about
                 his
                 Camp
                 to
                 besiege
                 him
                 there
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 purpose
                 caus'd
                 Darts
                 ,
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 and
                 Catapults
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 thither
                 to
                 him
                 :
                 And
                 though
                 many
                 Skirmishes
                 were
                 
                 made
                 about
                 the
                 Trenches
                 ,
                 because
                 Lysimachus
                 his
                 Men
                 endeavour'd
                 by
                 their
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 to
                 drive
                 the
                 Enemy
                 from
                 their
                 Works
                 ,
                 yet
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 Party
                 had
                 still
                 the
                 better
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 every
                 Encounter
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 time
                 ,
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 Works
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 almost
                 finish'd
                 ;
                 but
                 Lysimachus
                 his
                 Provision
                 began
                 to
                 fail
                 ;
                 who
                 therefore
                 taking
                 the
                 Advantage
                 of
                 a
                 tempestuous
                 Night
                 ,
                 made
                 away
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 Mountainous
                 Countries
                 came
                 to
                 his
                 Winter-Quarters
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 Antigonus
                 the
                 next
                 Morning
                 saw
                 that
                 the
                 Enemy
                 was
                 gone
                 ,
                 he
                 also
                 march'd
                 after
                 him
                 through
                 the
                 Champain
                 Country
                 ;
                 but
                 by
                 reason
                 there
                 fell
                 great
                 store
                 of
                 Rain
                 and
                 the
                 Ways
                 were
                 Foul
                 and
                 Deep
                 ,
                 he
                 lost
                 many
                 of
                 his
                 Carriages
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Men
                 also
                 in
                 that
                 Journey
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 was
                 in
                 great
                 distress
                 :
                 Wherefore
                 both
                 to
                 spare
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 because
                 the
                 Winter
                 Quarter
                 came
                 on
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 off
                 his
                 pursuit
                 ;
                 and
                 casting
                 about
                 for
                 the
                 fittest
                 Places
                 ,
                 he
                 distributed
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Winter-Quarters
                 :
                 But
                 receiving
                 intelligence
                 that
                 Seleucus
                 was
                 marching
                 down
                 from
                 the
                 Higher
                 Provinces
                 with
                 a
                 numerous
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 into
                 Greece
                 to
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 Commanding
                 him
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 him
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 an
                 extraordinary
                 Fright
                 ,
                 lest
                 all
                 the
                 Kings
                 joining
                 together
                 should
                 force
                 him
                 to
                 fight
                 (
                 and
                 so
                 lay
                 all
                 at
                 stake
                 )
                 before
                 the
                 Forces
                 out
                 of
                 Europe
                 could
                 join
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 Lysimachus
                 in
                 the
                 like
                 manner
                 sent
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 be
                 quartered
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Salmonia
                 ,
                 
                 having
                 made
                 large
                 Provision
                 for
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 Heraclea
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 alliance
                 with
                 them
                 of
                 that
                 City
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 had
                 marry'd
                 Amestris
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Oxyartes
                 ,
                 Niece
                 to
                 the
                 late
                 King
                 Darius
                 (
                 whom
                 Alexander
                 gave
                 to
                 Craterus
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Wife
                 )
                 and
                 now
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 Governess
                 of
                 
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 stood
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Asia
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 
                   Greece
                   ,
                   Demetrius
                
                 being
                 at
                 Athens
                 ,
                 greatly
                 desir'd
                 to
                 be
                 initiated
                 
                 into
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Mysteries
                 of
                 Ceres
                 at
                 Eleusina
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 regard
                 the
                 time
                 appointed
                 by
                 the
                 Law
                 ,
                 and
                 commonly
                 spent
                 by
                 the
                 Athenians
                 in
                 performing
                 the
                 Ceremonies
                 of
                 this
                 Solemnity
                 ,
                 was
                 very
                 long
                 and
                 tedious
                 ,
                 he
                 intreated
                 the
                 People
                 that
                 (
                 in
                 return
                 of
                 his
                 former
                 kindness
                 to
                 them
                 )
                 they
                 would
                 alter
                 their
                 ancient
                 Custom
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 agreed
                 unto
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 he
                 committed
                 his
                 Person
                 unarm'd
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 Priests
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 being
                 
                 initiated
                 before
                 the
                 Legal
                 Day
                 ,
                 he
                 departed
                 from
                 Athens
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 rendezvous'd
                 both
                 his
                 Fleet
                 and
                 Land-Army
                 at
                 Chalcis
                 in
                 Baeotia
                 ;
                 but
                 hearing
                 that
                 Cassander
                 had
                 block'd
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 Passes
                 ,
                 he
                 look'd
                 upon
                 it
                 not
                 feasible
                 to
                 go
                 by
                 Land
                 into
                 Thessaly
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 sail'd
                 with
                 the
                 Army
                 into
                 the
                 Haven
                 of
                 Larissa
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 landed
                 his
                 Men
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 forthwith
                 surrender'd
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Citadel
                 he
                 took
                 by
                 Force
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 bound
                 all
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 of
                 the
                 Garison
                 in
                 Chains
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 committed
                 them
                 close
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 the
                 Larisseans
                 to
                 their
                 ancient
                 Laws
                 and
                 Liberties
                 :
                 Then
                 he
                 took
                 in
                 Prona
                 and
                 
                   Pteleum
                   .
                   Cassander
                
                 had
                 commanded
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 *
                 Dion
                 and
                 Orchomenon
                 to
                 remove
                 and
                 settle
                 at
                 Thebes
                 ;
                 but
                 Demetrius
                 put
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 this
                 Transplanting
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 .
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 that
                 every
                 thing
                 went
                 as
                 Demetrius
                 would
                 have
                 it
                 ,
                 strengthned
                 the
                 Garisons
                 in
                 Phera
                 and
                 Thebes
                 ;
                 and
                 rendezvous'd
                 his
                 Forces
                 in
                 the
                 Face
                 of
                 the
                 Demetrians
                 :
                 His
                 whole
                 Army
                 consisted
                 of
                 Nine
                 and
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Two
                 
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 .
                 Those
                 who
                 follow'd
                 Demetrius
                 amounted
                 to
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 at
                 least
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 Macedonian
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Fifteen
                 thousand
                 Mercenaries
                 ;
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 Five
                 and
                 twenty
                 thousand
                 ;
                 besides
                 several
                 Regiments
                 of
                 Light-arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 a
                 disorderly
                 Rabble
                 of
                 fordid
                 Fellows
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 Nations
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 Eight
                 thousand
                 at
                 the
                 least
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 us'd
                 to
                 follow
                 Camps
                 ,
                 only
                 to
                 Rob
                 and
                 Plunder
                 where-ever
                 they
                 come
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Land-Army
                 consisted
                 of
                 Six
                 and
                 Fifty
                 thousand
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 Armies
                 had
                 now
                 lay'n
                 one
                 over
                 against
                 the
                 other
                 many
                 days
                 ,
                 and
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 drawn
                 up
                 in
                 Battalia
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 yet
                 neither
                 attempted
                 to
                 sight
                 ,
                 solicitously
                 expecting
                 to
                 hear
                 how
                 things
                 went
                 in
                 Asia
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 Demetrius
                 enter'd
                 with
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Pherea
                 ,
                 being
                 invited
                 thither
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 ;
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 Citadel
                 ,
                 and
                 dismiss'd
                 all
                 
                 Cassander's
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Terms
                 agreed
                 upon
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 the
                 Phereans
                 to
                 their
                 former
                 Liberties
                 .
                 While
                 these
                 Things
                 were
                 acting
                 in
                 
                   T
                   〈…〉
                
                 ,
                 
                 the
                 Messengers
                 from
                 Antigonus
                 came
                 to
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 who
                 deliver'd
                 his
                 Father's
                 Commands
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 him
                 to
                 transport
                 his
                 Forces
                 over
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 speed
                 imaginable
                 .
              
               
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 he
                 looking
                 upon
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 thing
                 of
                 absolute
                 Necessity
                 to
                 obey
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 struck
                 up
                 a
                 Peace
                 with
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 upon
                 Condition
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Father
                 would
                 approve
                 
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 doubting
                 ,
                 but
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 make
                 all
                 void
                 ,
                 who
                 he
                 knew
                 had
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 by
                 no
                 other
                 ways
                 than
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms.
                 However
                 he
                 was
                 willing
                 to
                 manage
                 his
                 Business
                 so
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 his
                 leaving
                 of
                 Greece
                 should
                 look
                 with
                 a
                 fair
                 Face
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 resemble
                 a
                 Flight
                 :
                 For
                 among
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 care
                 to
                 have
                 it
                 inserted
                 into
                 the
                 Articles
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 That
                 all
                 the
                 Greek
                 Cities
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 Greece
                 and
                 Asia
                 ,
                 should
                 enjoy
                 their
                 ancient
                 Laws
                 and
                 Liberties
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 ,
                 having
                 got
                 Ships
                 together
                 to
                 
                 transport
                 his
                 Army
                 and
                 the
                 Carriages
                 ,
                 he
                 set
                 sail
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 steering
                 a
                 right
                 Course
                 through
                 the
                 Islands
                 ,
                 (
                 of
                 the
                 Aegean
                 Sea
                 )
                 came
                 to
                 Ephesus
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 landing
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 Encamp'd
                 before
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 reduc'd
                 it
                 to
                 its
                 former
                 Obedience
                 ,
                 and
                 suffer'd
                 the
                 Garison
                 which
                 Prepalaus
                 had
                 put
                 there
                 ,
                 safely
                 to
                 depart
                 :
                 Then
                 putting
                 a
                 strong
                 Garison
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 into
                 the
                 Castle
                 there
                 ,
                 march'd
                 away
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 reduc'd
                 the
                 Lampsacenians
                 and
                 Parians
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 revolted
                 Cities
                 to
                 his
                 Subjection
                 :
                 And
                 from
                 thence
                 going
                 to
                 the
                 Mouth
                 of
                 Pentus
                 ,
                 Encamp'd
                 near
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 the
                 Chalcedentans
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 fortisy'd
                 ;
                 which
                 done
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 there
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Thirty
                 Sail
                 of
                 good
                 Ships
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Port
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 Quarter
                 for
                 that
                 Winter
                 in
                 several
                 Places
                 thereabouts
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 Mithridates
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 subject
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 being
                 suspected
                 of
                 favouring
                 Cassander's
                 Party
                 ,
                 was
                 slain
                 at
                 Cius
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Mysia
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 Arthinas
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 Prince
                 Thirty
                 five
                 years
                 .
                 His
                 Son
                 ,
                 call'd
                 also
                 Mithridates
                 ,
                 succeeded
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Principality
                 ,
                 and
                 added
                 to
                 his
                 Dominions
                 Cappadocia
                 and
                 Paphlagonia
                 ,
                 and
                 held
                 them
                 Thirty
                 six
                 years
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 these
                 days
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 departure
                 of
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 recover'd
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 lying
                 upon
                 the
                 Sea
                 Coasts
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 Pleistarchus
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 of
                 Twelve
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 and
                 Five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 to
                 assist
                 Lysimachus
                 .
                 But
                 Pleistarchus
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 Mouth
                 
                 of
                 Pontus
                 ,
                 found
                 that
                 Streight
                 kept
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 And
                 thereupon
                 ,
                 despairing
                 of
                 any
                 Passage
                 that
                 way
                 ,
                 went
                 to
                 Odessus
                 ,
                 which
                 lies
                 between
                 Apollonia
                 and
                 Galatia
                 ,
                 over
                 against
                 
                 Heraclea
                 ,
                 where
                 a
                 Part
                 of
                 Lysimachus
                 his
                 Army
                 lay
                 :
                 But
                 having
                 not
                 Shipping
                 enough
                 for
                 the
                 Transportation
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Forces
                 at
                 that
                 Place
                 ,
                 he
                 divided
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 three
                 Parts
                 :
                 The
                 first
                 part
                 that
                 set
                 out
                 ,
                 landed
                 safely
                 at
                 Heraclea
                 :
                 The
                 second
                 was
                 defeated
                 by
                 the
                 Enemy's
                 Ships
                 which
                 lay
                 to
                 keep
                 the
                 Streight
                 at
                 Pontus
                 :
                 The
                 third
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Pleistarchus
                 himself
                 was
                 ,
                 was
                 so
                 overset
                 by
                 a
                 violent
                 Tempest
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 Men
                 in
                 them
                 perish'd
                 :
                 And
                 among
                 the
                 rest
                 the
                 Ship
                 wherein
                 he
                 was
                 ,
                 being
                 a
                 Vessel
                 of
                 Six
                 Tire
                 of
                 Oars
                 ;
                 and
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Men
                 in
                 her
                 ,
                 which
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 less
                 than
                 Five
                 hundred
                 ,
                 only
                 Three
                 and
                 thirty
                 escap'd
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 Pleistarchus
                 himself
                 was
                 one
                 ,
                 who
                 getting
                 upon
                 a
                 Plank
                 of
                 the
                 Ship
                 when
                 it
                 split
                 ,
                 was
                 cast
                 on
                 Shore
                 half
                 dead
                 ;
                 yet
                 being
                 a
                 little
                 recover'd
                 ,
                 was
                 carry'd
                 to
                 Heraclea
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 growing
                 strong
                 again
                 ,
                 went
                 to
                 Lysunachus
                 in
                 his
                 Winter
                 Quarters
                 ,
                 having
                 lost
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 by
                 the
                 way
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 Ptolemy
                 coming
                 with
                 an
                 excellently
                 well-appointed
                 Army
                 out
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 reduc'd
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Caelosyria
                 to
                 his
                 Obedience
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 lay
                 in
                 Siege
                 before
                 Sidon
                 ,
                 there
                 came
                 a
                 false
                 Rumour
                 to
                 his
                 Ear
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Battel
                 had
                 been
                 sought
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Lysimachus
                 and
                 Seleucus
                 were
                 routed
                 and
                 fled
                 to
                 Heraclea
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Antigonus
                 thereupon
                 was
                 hasting
                 into
                 Syria
                 with
                 his
                 Victorious
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 Ptolemy
                 giving
                 overlight
                 credit
                 to
                 this
                 Report
                 ,
                 made
                 a
                 Truce
                 with
                 the
                 Sidonians
                 for
                 five
                 Months
                 ,
                 and
                 putting
                 Garisons
                 into
                 other
                 Cities
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 taken
                 in
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 return'd
                 into
                 Aegypt
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 thus
                 pass'd
                 ,
                 Two
                 thousand
                 Autariats
                 ,
                 and
                 about
                 Eight
                 hundred
                 Lycians
                 and
                 Pamphilians
                 of
                 Lysunachus
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 fled
                 over
                 to
                 Antigonus
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Winter-Quarters
                 ,
                 and
                 Antigonus
                 entertain'd
                 them
                 very
                 courteously
                 ,
                 furnishing
                 them
                 with
                 such
                 Pay
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 said
                 Lysimachus
                 ow'd
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 them
                 also
                 for
                 a
                 Reward
                 large
                 Sums
                 of
                 Money
                 over
                 and
                 above
                 .
              
               
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 also
                 ,
                 Seleucus
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 came
                 down
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Upper
                 Provinces
                 into
                 Cappadocia
                 ,
                 and
                 Winter'd
                 his
                 Army
                 in
                 Tents
                 which
                 he
                 brought
                 ready
                 made
                 
                 for
                 them
                 .
                 His
                 Army
                 consisted
                 of
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 about
                 Twelve
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 ,
                 (
                 reck'ning
                 in
                 with
                 them
                 his
                 Archers
                 on
                 Horseback
                 )
                 and
                 Four
                 hundred
                 and
                 fourscore
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Hundred
                 Iron
                 Chariots
                 :
                 Thus
                 these
                 Kings
                 join'd
                 their
                 Forces
                 ,
                 resolving
                 the
                 next
                 Summer
                 to
                 decide
                 the
                 Controversie
                 by
                 the
                 Sword.
                 But
                 we
                 shall
                 give
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 the
                 Wars
                 among
                 these
                 Princes
                 in
                 the
                 Beginning
                 of
                 the
                 next
                 Book
                 ,
                 according
                 as
                 we
                 first
                 design'd
                 .
              
            
             
               FINIS
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               THE
               FRAGMENTS
               OF
               
                 Diodorus
                 Siculus
              
               .
               OUT
               OF
               Some
               of
               his
               BOOKS
               that
               are
               Lost
               .
            
             
             
               LONDON
               ,
               Printed
               by
               
                 Edw.
                 Jones
              
               ,
               for
               A.
               and
               
                 J.
                 Churchill
              
               at
               the
               Black-Swan
               in
               Pater-Noster-Row
               :
               1699.
               
            
          
           
             
             
             
               To
               the
               READER
               .
            
             
               
                 THE
                 last
                 Twenty
                 Books
                 of
              
               Diodorus
               Siculus
               
                 are
                 entirely
                 lost
                 ,
                 (
                 except
                 some
                 Ecclogues
                 or
                 Fragments
                 in
              
               Photius
               his
               Bibliotheca
               
                 and
                 others
                 ,
                 recover'd
                 by
              
               Hoes
               Chelius
               ,
               
                 and
                 published
                 by
              
               Laurentius
               Rhodomannus
               ,
               )
               
                 which
                 contain'd
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 Affairs
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 244
                 Years
                 ,
                 or
                 there
                 abouts
              
               ;
               i.
               e.
               
                 from
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 the
              
               119th
               
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 (
                 when
              
               Antigonus
               and
               Demetrius
               Poliorcetes
               
                 were
                 routed
                 by
              
               Ptolemeus
               Lagus
               
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Confederates
              
               ,
               An.
               M.
               3650.
               )
               
                 to
                 the
                 End
                 of
                 the
              
               180th
               
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 time
              
               Julius
               Caesar
               
                 made
                 his
                 first
                 Expedition
                 into
              
               Britain
               ,
               
                 which
                 was
                 in
                 the
              
               693d
               
                 Year
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 as
              
               Eutropius
               accounts
               ,
               Lib.
               6.
               
            
             
               
                 The
                 Reader
                 is
                 desired
                 to
                 observe
                 ,
                 That
                 these
                 being
                 but
                 Fragments
                 ,
                 or
                 Pieces
                 of
              
               Diodorus
               ,
               
                 recover'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Rubbish
                 (
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 )
                 of
                 Antiquity
                 ,
                 the
                 Relations
                 are
                 often
                 broken
                 ,
                 and
                 new
                 Matter
                 sometimes
                 begun
                 that
                 has
                 no
                 Coherence
                 with
                 what
                 went
                 before
                 .
                 Where
                 they
                 are
                 broken
                 ,
                 they
                 are
                 Noted
                 generally
                 thus
                 ,
                 —
                 The
                 new
                 Matter
                 is
                 easily
                 discern'd
                 by
                 Observation
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
               
                 A
                 Fragment
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Sixth
                 Book
                 of
                 the
                 Bibliotheca
                 of
                 
                   Diodorus
                   Siculus
                
                 ,
                 taken
                 out
                 of
                 
                   Eusebius
                   Pamphilus
                
                 ,
                 Book
                 II.
                 
                   Evang.
                   Preparation
                
                 .
              
               
                 THese
                 therefore
                 are
                 the
                 most
                 remarkable
                 Things
                 that
                 are
                 recorded
                 among
                 the
                 Atlantides
                 concerning
                 the
                 Gods
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 the
                 Grecians
                 use
                 the
                 same
                 Rites
                 and
                 Ceremonies
                 .
                 The
                 same
                 things
                 Diodorus
                 says
                 in
                 the
                 3d
                 Book
                 of
                 his
                 History
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 same
                 Diodorus
                 confirms
                 the
                 same
                 Theology
                 in
                 his
                 6th
                 Book
                 ,
                 from
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 Euemerus
                 the
                 Messenian
                 ,
                 where
                 these
                 are
                 his
                 words
                 —
                 The
                 Ancients
                 therefore
                 held
                 two
                 Opinions
                 (
                 which
                 are
                 brought
                 down
                 to
                 Posterity
                 )
                 concerning
                 the
                 Gods
                 :
                 Some
                 they
                 say
                 are
                 Immortal
                 and
                 Incorruptible
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Sun
                 ,
                 Moon
                 ,
                 and
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Stars
                 ;
                 and
                 likewise
                 the
                 Winds
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Things
                 of
                 the
                 like
                 Nature
                 ,
                 for
                 none
                 of
                 these
                 have
                 either
                 Beginning
                 ,
                 or
                 End.
                 But
                 there
                 are
                 others
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 Earthly
                 Gods
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 their
                 good
                 Deeds
                 to
                 the
                 benefit
                 of
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 have
                 attain'd
                 to
                 the
                 highest
                 pitch
                 of
                 Honour
                 and
                 Glory
                 ;
                 and
                 such
                 were
                 
                   Hercules
                   ,
                   Dionysius
                
                 or
                 
                   Bacchus
                   Aristaeus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 .
                 Of
                 these
                 Terrestrial
                 Gods
                 ,
                 many
                 and
                 various
                 Stories
                 are
                 related
                 by
                 Historians
                 ,
                 and
                 *
                 Mythologists
                 .
                 Among
                 the
                 Historians
                 ,
                 Euemerus
                 has
                 compos'd
                 a
                 Sacred
                 History
                 ,
                 and
                 written
                 peculiarly
                 of
                 these
                 Deities
                 .
                 Among
                 the
                 Mythologists
                 or
                 Poets
                 ,
                 
                   Homer
                   ,
                   Hesiod
                   ,
                   Orpheus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 of
                 that
                 kind
                 ,
                 have
                 seign'd
                 most
                 prodigious
                 Stories
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 We
                 shall
                 endeavour
                 in
                 short
                 to
                 run
                 over
                 what
                 has
                 been
                 writ
                 by
                 both
                 ,
                 observing
                 a
                 Mean.
                 Euemerus
                 ,
                 a
                 special
                 Friend
                 of
                 King
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 being
                 forc'd
                 to
                 undertake
                 some
                 great
                 and
                 weighty
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 long
                 and
                 tedious
                 Voyages
                 for
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 they
                 say
                 ,
                 was
                 driven
                 far
                 away
                 through
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 Southward
                 ;
                 and
                 loosing
                 from
                 
                   Arabia
                   Faelix
                
                 ,
                 after
                 many
                 days
                 sail
                 ,
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 certain
                 Islands
                 situated
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Ocean
                 ;
                 the
                 greatest
                 of
                 which
                 was
                 one
                 call'd
                 Panchaia
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 he
                 saw
                 the
                 Panchaians
                 very
                 zealous
                 and
                 eminent
                 for
                 Religion
                 ,
                 who
                 ador'd
                 the
                 Gods
                 with
                 magnificent
                 and
                 pompous
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 and
                 rich
                 Gifts
                 both
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 moreover
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Island
                 is
                 consecrated
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 other
                 Things
                 in
                 it
                 that
                 were
                 admirable
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 their
                 Antiquity
                 and
                 Excellency
                 of
                 Workmanship
                 ;
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 we
                 have
                 given
                 a
                 particular
                 Account
                 in
                 the
                 precedent
                 Books
                 .
                 That
                 there
                 is
                 likewise
                 in
                 it
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 an
                 high
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 a
                 Temple
                 dedicated
                 to
                 
                   Jupiter
                   Tryphylius
                
                 ,
                 built
                 by
                 him
                 when
                 he
                 convers'd
                 here
                 with
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 govern'd
                 the
                 whole
                 World
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 Temple
                 there
                 is
                 a
                 Golden
                 Pillar
                 ,
                 whereon
                 are
                 distinctly
                 describ'd
                 in
                 Panchaian
                 Letters
                 ,
                 the
                 Acts
                 of
                 *
                 
                   Vranus
                   ,
                   Saturn
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Jupiter
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 says
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 first
                 King
                 was
                 Vranus
                 ,
                 a
                 just
                 and
                 good
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 skilful
                 in
                 Astrology
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 ador'd
                 the
                 Heavenly
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 was
                 call'd
                 *
                 Vranus
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 he
                 begat
                 on
                 his
                 Wife
                 Vesta
                 two
                 Sons
                 ,
                 Pan
                 and
                 Saturn
                 ,
                 and
                 two
                 Daughters
                 ,
                 Rhea
                 and
                 Ceres
                 .
                 He
                 says
                 moreover
                 ,
                 that
                 Saturn
                 reign'd
                 after
                 Vranus
                 ,
                 and
                 marry'd
                 Rhea
                 ,
                 and
                 begat
                 
                   Jupiter
                   ,
                   Juno
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Neptune
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 Jupiter
                 succeeding
                 Saturn
                 ,
                 marry'd
                 
                   Juno
                   ,
                   Ceres
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Themis
                 :
                 Of
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 begat
                 the
                 
                   Curetes
                   ,
                   Proserpina
                
                 of
                 the
                 second
                 ,
                 and
                 Minerva
                 
                 of
                 the
                 third
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 afterwards
                 coming
                 to
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 Belus
                 his
                 Guest
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 from
                 thence
                 arriving
                 at
                 the
                 Island
                 Panchaia
                 ,
                 he
                 erected
                 an
                 Altar
                 to
                 Vranus
                 his
                 Grandfather
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 passing
                 through
                 Syria
                 ,
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Prince
                 Cassius
                 ,
                 from
                 whom
                 the
                 Mountain
                 
                 was
                 call'd
                 Mount
                 Cassius
                 .
                 Then
                 travelling
                 into
                 Cilicia
                 ,
                 he
                 overcame
                 Cilix
                 ,
                 the
                 Lord
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 at
                 last
                 pass'd
                 through
                 several
                 other
                 Nations
                 ,
                 was
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 by
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 stil'd
                 a
                 God.
                 When
                 he
                 had
                 deliver'd
                 these
                 and
                 such-like
                 Things
                 concerning
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 mortal
                 Men
                 ,
                 he
                 subjoins
                 this
                 ;
                 
                   Let
                   this
                   therefore
                   suffice
                   in
                   reference
                   to
                   Euemerus
                   ,
                   who
                   writ
                   the
                   Sacred
                   History
                   .
                
                 And
                 as
                 to
                 what
                 the
                 Greeks
                 sabulously
                 report
                 concerning
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 endeavour
                 to
                 give
                 as
                 succinct
                 an
                 Account
                 as
                 we
                 can
                 ,
                 tracing
                 the
                 Steps
                 of
                 
                   Homer
                   ,
                   Hesiod
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Orpheus
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 
                   George
                   Monachus
                
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Monk
                 ,
                 who
                 writ
                 in
                 Greek
                 a
                 Chronical
                 History
                 :
                 Out
                 of
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 Diodorus
                 ,
                 concerning
                 the
                 Corinthian
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
               
                 HAving
                 given
                 an
                 Account
                 of
                 these
                 Things
                 ,
                 it
                 remains
                 we
                 should
                 now
                 speak
                 of
                 Corinth
                 and
                 Sicyon
                 ,
                 how
                 they
                 were
                 planted
                 and
                 inhabited
                 by
                 the
                 Doreans
                 ;
                 for
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Nations
                 in
                 Peloponnesus
                 ,
                 except
                 the
                 Arcadians
                 ,
                 were
                 removed
                 from
                 their
                 ancient
                 Seats
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 return
                 of
                 the
                 Heraclidae
                 ;
                 who
                 leaving
                 out
                 Corinth
                 in
                 the
                 Division
                 ,
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 to
                 Aletes
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 him
                 the
                 said
                 Province
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Territory
                 .
                 This
                 Man
                 became
                 very
                 famous
                 ,
                 and
                 enlarg'd
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 reign'd
                 38
                 years
                 .
                 After
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 the
                 eldest
                 and
                 next
                 of
                 Kin
                 ever
                 succeeded
                 in
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Cypsellus
                 ,
                 427
                 years
                 after
                 the
                 return
                 of
                 the
                 Heraclidae
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 that
                 reign'd
                 at
                 Corinth
                 after
                 Aletes
                 was
                 Ixion
                 ,
                 who
                 held
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 38
                 years
                 .
                 After
                 whom
                 ,
                 Agesilaus
                 reign'd
                 37
                 years
                 ;
                 and
                 after
                 them
                 ,
                 Prumnes
                 35
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Son
                 Bacches
                 as
                 long
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 famous
                 and
                 renown'd
                 of
                 any
                 of
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 those
                 that
                 reign'd
                 after
                 him
                 were
                 not
                 call'd
                 Heraclidae
                 ,
                 but
                 Bacchidae
                 .
                 After
                 
                   Bacches
                   ,
                   Agelas
                
                 enjoy'd
                 the
                 Throne
                 30
                 years
                 ;
                 
                   Eudamus
                   25
                   ;
                   Aristomedes
                
                 35
                 ,
                 who
                 after
                 his
                 Death
                 left
                 behind
                 him
                 a
                 Son
                 call'd
                 Telestes
                 ,
                 a
                 little
                 Child
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 depriv'd
                 of
                 his
                 Father's
                 Kingdom
                 by
                 Agemon
                 ,
                 his
                 Uncle
                 and
                 Guardian
                 ,
                 who
                 reign'd
                 16
                 years
                 :
                 After
                 him
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 and
                 enjoy'd
                 it
                 25
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 then
                 kill'd
                 by
                 Telestes
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 before
                 depriv'd
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 now
                 regain'd
                 ,
                 and
                 possess'd
                 it
                 12
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 was
                 murder'd
                 by
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Kindred
                 ,
                 and
                 Automenes
                 reign'd
                 in
                 his
                 stead
                 One
                 year
                 ;
                 after
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Bacchidae
                 ,
                 the
                 Posterity
                 of
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 enjoy'd
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 for
                 above
                 200
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 govern'd
                 together
                 with
                 equal
                 Authority
                 ;
                 but
                 every
                 year
                 they
                 created
                 one
                 among
                 themselves
                 Prytanis
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 a
                 Monarch
                 for
                 90
                 years
                 ,
                 till
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Cypsellus
                 ,
                 who
                 put
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 that
                 sort
                 of
                 Government
                 .
                 These
                 therefore
                 are
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 
                   Corinth
                   .
                   Bacches
                
                 reign'd
                 35
                 years
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 same
                 George
                 of
                 the
                 Original
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ;
                 A
                 Fragment
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 7th
                 Book
                 of
                 
                   Diodorus
                   Siculus
                
                 .
              
               
                 SOme
                 Writers
                 have
                 erroniously
                 held
                 ,
                 that
                 Romulus
                 ,
                 who
                 built
                 Rome
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Aeneas
                 :
                 But
                 this
                 cannot
                 possibly
                 be
                 true
                 ,
                 since
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 Kings
                 that
                 reign'd
                 in
                 course
                 between
                 Aeneas
                 and
                 Romulus
                 ;
                 the
                 City
                 being
                 built
                 the
                 2d
                 Year
                 of
                 the
                 7th
                 Olympiad
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 above
                 430
                 years
                 after
                 the
                 Trojan
                 War.
                 For
                 Aeneas
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 the
                 Latines
                 3
                 years
                 after
                 the
                 Destruction
                 of
                 Troy
                 ,
                 and
                 reign'd
                 only
                 3
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 his
                 Death
                 was
                 ador'd
                 as
                 a
                 God.
                 Ascanius
                 ,
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 succeeded
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 Alba
                 ,
                 call'd
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 Longa.
                 He
                 gave
                 the
                 City
                 this
                 Name
                 from
                 the
                 River
                 which
                 was
                 then
                 call'd
                 Alba
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 Tiber
                 :
                 But
                 Fabius
                 ,
                 who
                 writ
                 an
                 History
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 speaks
                 otherwise
                 of
                 the
                 naming
                 of
                 this
                 City
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 tells
                 a
                 Story
                 ,
                 how
                 Aeneas
                 was
                 foretold
                 by
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 that
                 a
                 Four-footed
                 Beast
                 should
                 shew
                 him
                 the
                 way
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 where
                 a
                 new
                 City
                 should
                 be
                 built
                 ;
                 which
                 came
                 thus
                 to
                 pass
                 :
                 Being
                 about
                 to
                 sacrifice
                 a
                 *
                 White
                 Sow
                 then
                 big
                 with
                 Young
                 ,
                 made
                 her
                 escape
                 ,
                 and
                 ran
                 away
                 to
                 a
                 Hill
                 ,
                 whither
                 she
                 was
                 pursu'd
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 she
                 brought
                 forth
                 30
                 Pigs
                 .
                 Aeneas
                 wondring
                 at
                 the
                 Accident
                 ,
                 and
                 calling
                 to
                 mind
                 the
                 Answer
                 of
                 the
                 Oracle
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 went
                 about
                 to
                 settle
                 Inhabitants
                 in
                 the
                 Place
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 warn'd
                 by
                 a
                 Vision
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 to
                 desist
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 to
                 build
                 till
                 after
                 30
                 years
                 then
                 next
                 ensuing
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 off
                 his
                 Design
                 till
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Years
                 was
                 compleated
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 The
                 Eclogs
                 or
                 Fragments
                 of
                 
                   Diodorus
                   Siculus
                
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 
                   21
                   st
                   ,
                   22
                   d
                   ,
                   23
                   d
                   ,
                   24
                   th
                   ,
                   25
                   th
                   ,
                
                 and
                 
                   26
                   th
                
                 Books
                 that
                 are
                 now
                 lost
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Out
                   of
                   the
                   
                     21st
                     Book
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   1.
                   
                   ALL
                   Vice
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   avoided
                   by
                   every
                   Wise
                   Man
                   ,
                   but
                   especially
                   Covetousness
                   .
                   For
                   this
                   (
                   through
                   hopes
                   and
                   desire
                   of
                   Gain
                   )
                   prompts
                   many
                   to
                   acts
                   of
                   Injustice
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   becomes
                   the
                   occasion
                   of
                   the
                   greatest
                   Mischiefs
                   to
                   Mankind
                   .
                   For
                   being
                   *
                   in
                   the
                   *
                   very
                   highest
                   Sphere
                   of
                   Wickedness
                   ,
                   it
                   involves
                   not
                   only
                   mean
                   Men
                   ,
                   but
                   even
                   Kings
                   themselves
                   in
                   extream
                   Calamities
                   ,
                   For
                   Antigonus
                   King
                   of
                   Asia
                   ,
                   as
                   an
                   Example
                   of
                   this
                   Truth
                   ,
                   out
                   of
                   his
                   insatiable
                   desire
                   ,
                   beginning
                   a
                   War
                   against
                   Four
                   other
                   Kings
                   (
                   who
                   join'd
                   against
                   him
                   )
                   
                     viz.
                     Ptolemy
                     Lagus
                  
                   King
                   of
                   
                     Aegypt
                     ,
                     Seleucus
                  
                   King
                   of
                   
                     Babylon
                     ,
                     Lysimachus
                  
                   of
                   Thrace
                   ,
                   and
                   Cassander
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Antipater
                   King
                   of
                   Macedonia
                   ,
                   perish'd
                   in
                   Battle
                   *
                   being
                   shot
                   through
                   the
                   Body
                   with
                   Multitudes
                   of
                   Darts
                   and
                   Arrows
                   ,
                   (
                   tho'
                   afterwards
                   Bury'd
                   in
                   a
                   Royal
                   manner
                   )
                   and
                   his
                   Son
                   Demetrius
                   ,
                   with
                   his
                   Mother
                   Stratonice
                   (
                   who
                   were
                   then
                   in
                   Cilicia
                   )
                   were
                   forc'd
                   to
                   sail
                   away
                   with
                   all
                   the
                   Wealth
                   they
                   had
                   to
                   Salamis
                   in
                   Cyprus
                   ,
                   that
                   remaining
                   still
                   in
                   the
                   hands
                   of
                   Demetrius
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   Agathocles
                   King
                   of
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   burnt
                   all
                   the
                   Macedonian
                   Fleet
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   freed
                   Corcyra
                   when
                   
                   it
                   was
                   Besieg'd
                   by
                   Cassander
                   ,
                   both
                   by
                   Sea
                   and
                   Land
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   near
                   and
                   likely
                   to
                   be
                   taken
                   .
                   Oh
                   the
                   many
                   uncertainties
                   of
                   War
                   !
                   For
                   Folly
                   and
                   Fraud
                   many
                   times
                   effect
                   as
                   great
                   things
                   as
                   true
                   Valour
                   and
                   Courage
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   Agathocles
                   being
                   return'd
                   to
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   his
                   Army
                   from
                   Corcyra
                   ,
                   when
                   he
                   heard
                   that
                   the
                   Ligurians
                   and
                   Tyrrhenians
                   (
                   who
                   were
                   his
                   Mercenary
                   Soldiers
                   )
                   had
                   assisted
                   those
                   
                   who
                   kill'd
                   his
                   Son
                   Archagathus
                   in
                   his
                   absence
                   ,
                   put
                   them
                   all
                   to
                   the
                   Sword
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   Two
                   thousand
                   :
                   Upon
                   which
                   Account
                   the
                   Brutii
                   deserting
                   him
                   ,
                   he
                   resolv'd
                   to
                   Besiege
                   their
                   City
                   call'd
                   *
                   Aethas
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   Barbarians
                   in
                   great
                   numbers
                   falling
                   upon
                   him
                   suddainly
                   in
                   the
                   Night
                   ,
                   cut
                   off
                   Four
                   thousand
                   of
                   his
                   Men
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   he
                   return'd
                   to
                   Syracuse
                   .
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   Agathocles
                   rigg'd
                   out
                   a
                   great
                   Fleet
                   ,
                   and
                   sail'd
                   into
                   Italy
                   ;
                   and
                   having
                   a
                   design
                   to
                   march
                   his
                   Army
                   to
                   Crotona
                   ,
                   he
                   sent
                   a
                   Messenger
                   before
                   to
                   Menedemus
                   ,
                   King
                   of
                   Crotona
                   (
                   who
                   was
                   his
                   particular
                   Friend
                   )
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   afraid
                   of
                   his
                   Motion
                   ;
                   which
                   was
                   meerly
                   to
                   deceive
                   him
                   ;
                   and
                   purposing
                   to
                   Besiege
                   the
                   Place
                   ,
                   he
                   gave
                   out
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   sending
                   away
                   his
                   Daughter
                   Lanassa
                   with
                   a
                   Royal
                   Fleet
                   to
                   Epirus
                   to
                   Marry
                   her
                   :
                   And
                   by
                   this
                   Fraud
                   he
                   came
                   upon
                   them
                   when
                   they
                   were
                   unprovided
                   ,
                   and
                   never
                   suspected
                   him
                   .
                   Thereupon
                   ,
                   applying
                   himself
                   with
                   all
                   earnestness
                   to
                   the
                   Siege
                   ,
                   he
                   block'd
                   up
                   the
                   Place
                   by
                   a
                   Wall
                   drawn
                   from
                   Sea
                   to
                   Sea.
                   And
                   having
                   by
                   his
                   Mines
                   and
                   Batteries
                   ruin'd
                   the
                   greatest
                   House
                   of
                   the
                   Town
                   ,
                   the
                   Crotoneans
                   out
                   of
                   fear
                   open'd
                   their
                   Gates
                   and
                   receiv'd
                   his
                   Army
                   into
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   who
                   breaking
                   in
                   like
                   a
                   Flood
                   ,
                   first
                   rifl'd
                   all
                   the
                   Houses
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   put
                   all
                   the
                   Men
                   to
                   the
                   Sword.
                   He
                   likewise
                   made
                   a
                   League
                   with
                   the
                   neighbouring
                   Barbarians
                   ,
                   the
                   Japygians
                   ,
                   and
                   Peucetians
                   ,
                   furnishing
                   them
                   with
                   Ships
                   for
                   Piracy
                   ,
                   and
                   shar'd
                   with
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   Robbery
                   .
                   At
                   length
                   having
                   p●t
                   a
                   Garison
                   into
                   Crotona
                   ,
                   he
                   sail'd
                   back
                   to
                   Syracuse
                   .
                
                 
                   5.
                   
                   Diallus
                   the
                   Athenian
                   Writer
                   compos'd
                   a
                   General
                   History
                   in
                   Twenty
                   six
                   Books
                   .
                   And
                   Psaon
                   of
                   Platea
                   anoth●r
                   in
                   Thirty
                   Books
                   .
                
                 
                   6.
                   
                   In
                   the
                   War
                   against
                   the
                   
                     Hetruscians
                     ,
                     Gauls
                  
                   and
                   Samnites
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   Confederates
                   ,
                   the
                   Romans
                   destroy'd
                   (
                   w●en
                   Fabius
                   was
                   Consul
                   )
                   an
                   Hundred
                   thousand
                   Men
                   ,
                   as
                   Daris
                   relates
                   .
                
                 
                   7.
                   
                   Antipater
                   out
                   of
                   Envy
                   ,
                   kill'd
                   his
                   own
                   Mother
                   .
                   Alexander
                   his
                   Brother
                   was
                   likewise
                   
                   kill'd
                   by
                   Demetrius
                   ,
                   whom
                   Alexander
                   had
                   sent
                   for
                   to
                   his
                   assistance
                   .
                   Antipater
                   the
                   Murtherer
                   of
                   his
                   Mother
                   was
                   a●so
                   serv'd
                   the
                   same
                   Sauce
                   by
                   Demetrius
                   ,
                   unwilling
                   to
                   have
                   a
                   partner
                   in
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   .
                
                 
                   8.
                   
                   Agathocles
                   rais'd
                   an
                   Army
                   and
                   sail'd
                   over
                   into
                   Italy
                   with
                   30000
                   Foot
                   and
                   
                   2000
                   Horse
                   .
                   And
                   ●ving
                   the
                   Command
                   of
                   the
                   Fleet
                   to
                   Stilpo
                   ,
                   he
                   order'd
                   him
                   to
                   wast
                   and
                   spoil
                   the
                   C●untry
                   of
                   the
                   Brutii
                   :
                   While
                   he
                   was
                   harassing
                   the
                   Sea-coasts
                   ,
                   he
                   lost
                   many
                   of
                   his
                   Ships
                   in
                   a
                   Storm
                   .
                   But
                   Agathocles
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   his
                   battering
                   Engines
                   took
                   the
                   City
                   Hipponium
                   :
                   which
                   so
                   terrify'd
                   the
                   Brutii
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   sent
                   Ambassadors
                   to
                   treat
                   with
                   him
                   upon
                   ter●●
                   of
                   Peace
                   :
                   Upon
                   which
                   he
                   put
                   in
                   a
                   Garrison
                   and
                   carry'd
                   away
                   with
                   ●im
                   Six
                   hundred
                   ●ostages
                   ,
                   and
                   return'd
                   to
                   Syracuse
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   Brutii
                   made
                   slight
                   of
                   their
                   
                   Oath
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   the
                   whole
                   power
                   of
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   fell
                   upon
                   the
                   Garison
                   and
                   flew
                   every
                   
                   Man
                   ,
                   and
                   afterwards
                   recover'd
                   their
                   Hostages
                   ,
                   and
                   freed
                   themselves
                   from
                   the
                   Yoke
                   of
                   Agathocles
                   .
                   Lenity
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   prefer'd
                   before
                   Revenge
                   .
                
                 
                   9.
                   
                   Most
                   Generals
                   of
                   Armies
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   brought
                   into
                   Straits
                   and
                   Difficulties
                   ,
                   (
                   out
                   of
                   Fear
                   )
                   do
                   generally
                   humour
                   the
                   Multitude
                   .
                
                 
                   10.
                   
                   When
                   the
                   Thebans
                   made
                   a
                   Second
                   defection
                   ,
                   Demetrius
                   batter'd
                   down
                   their
                   Walls
                   ,
                   and
                   took
                   the
                   City
                   by
                   Storm
                   ,
                   and
                   put
                   only
                   Ten
                   Men
                   to
                   Death
                   ,
                   who
                   were
                   the
                   Ring-leaders
                   
                   of
                   the
                   Rebellion
                   .
                
                 
                   11.
                   
                   Agathocles
                   sent
                   his
                   Son
                   Agathocles
                   to
                   Demetrius
                   to
                   enter
                   into
                   a
                   League
                   with
                   him
                   ,
                   Offensive
                   and
                   Defensive
                   .
                   The
                   King
                   kindly
                   receiv'd
                   the
                   young
                   Man
                   ,
                   and
                   bestow'd
                   on
                   him
                   a
                   Royal
                   Robe
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   other
                   Rich
                   and
                   Princely
                   gifts
                   :
                   And
                   sent
                   along
                   with
                   him
                   Oxythemes
                   his
                   special
                   Friend
                   ,
                   under
                   colour
                   to
                   confirm
                   the
                   League
                   ,
                   but
                   in
                   truth
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Spy
                   in
                   Sicily
                   .
                
                 
                   12.
                   
                   King
                   Agathocles
                   after
                   a
                   long
                   Peace
                   between
                   him
                   and
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   ,
                   at
                   length
                   
                   Rigg'd
                   out
                   a
                   great
                   Fleet.
                   For
                   he
                   design'd
                   to
                   transport
                   an
                   Army
                   into
                   Lybia
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   his
                   Navy
                   to
                   hinder
                   the
                   Exportation
                   of
                   all
                   Corn
                   and
                   Provision
                   ,
                   from
                   Sardinia
                   ,
                   and
                   Sicily
                   to
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   ,
                   who
                   by
                   the
                   last
                   War
                   had
                   gain'd
                   the
                   Dominion
                   of
                   the
                   Sea
                   ,
                   and
                   thereby
                   had
                   secur'd
                   their
                   Countrey
                   from
                   Invasions
                   .
                   And
                   tho'
                   Agathocles
                   had
                   a
                   well
                   furnish'd
                   Fleet
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   Two
                   hundred
                   Gallies
                   of
                   four
                   and
                   six
                   Tire
                   of
                   Oars
                   ,
                   yet
                   he
                   fail'd
                   in
                   his
                   design
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   what
                   shortly
                   happen'd
                   .
                   For
                   there
                   was
                   one
                   Menon
                   an
                   Agestone
                   ,
                   a
                   beautiful
                   Captive
                   then
                   Servant
                   to
                   the
                   King
                   ,
                   who
                   for
                   some
                   time
                   conform'd
                   himself
                   to
                   a
                   strict
                   compliance
                   to
                   the
                   Kings
                   humour
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   taken
                   into
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   his
                   *
                   beloved
                   and
                   intimate
                   Friends
                   .
                   But
                   because
                   of
                   the
                   ruin
                   of
                   his
                   Country
                   and
                   the
                   dishonourable
                   abuse
                   of
                   his
                   own
                   Person
                   ,
                   he
                   bore
                   a
                   secret
                   hatred
                   to
                   the
                   King
                   ,
                   and
                   watch'd
                   an
                   opportunity
                   to
                   be
                   reveng'd
                   .
                   The
                   King
                   because
                   he
                   was
                   old
                   ,
                   intrusted
                   Archagathus
                   with
                   the
                   Command
                   of
                   the
                   Army
                   :
                   he
                   was
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Archagathus
                   who
                   was
                   kill'd
                   in
                   Lybia
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   was
                   King
                   Agathocles's
                   Granchild
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   a
                   Man
                   of
                   a
                   strong
                   Body
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   a
                   brave
                   and
                   generous
                   Spirit
                   ,
                   far
                   above
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   his
                   Family
                   .
                   When
                   he
                   was
                   Encamp'd
                   with
                   the
                   Army
                   near
                   Aetna
                   ,
                   the
                   King
                   had
                   a
                   desire
                   to
                   promote
                   his
                   Son
                   Agathocles
                   to
                   be
                   his
                   Successor
                   in
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   that
                   end
                   recommended
                   the
                   young
                   Man
                   to
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   ,
                   and
                   declar'd
                   his
                   purpose
                   and
                   design
                   to
                   have
                   him
                   Succeed
                   .
                   Afterwards
                   he
                   sent
                   him
                   to
                   the
                   Camp
                   ,
                   with
                   Letters
                   to
                   Archagathus
                   ,
                   which
                   order'd
                   him
                   to
                   deliver
                   up
                   the
                   Command
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   Forces
                   both
                   by
                   Sea
                   and
                   Land
                   to
                   his
                   Son
                   ;
                   Upon
                   which
                   Archagathus
                   perceiving
                   that
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   was
                   design'd
                   for
                   another
                   ,
                   contriv'd
                   the
                   destruction
                   of
                   them
                   both
                   :
                   And
                   to
                   that
                   end
                   sent
                   a
                   Messenger
                   to
                   Menon
                   of
                   Aegista
                   ,
                   who
                   perswaded
                   him
                   to
                   poyson
                   the
                   King
                   :
                   *
                   He
                   himself
                   celebrating
                   a
                   Sacrifice
                   in
                   a
                   certain
                   Island
                   ,
                   where
                   Agathocles
                   then
                   lay
                   with
                   the
                   Fleet
                   ,
                   Invited
                   him
                   to
                   the
                   Festival
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   Night
                   (
                   when
                   he
                   was
                   dead
                   drunk
                   )
                   cut
                   his
                   throat
                   ,
                   and
                   threw
                   his
                   Body
                   into
                   the
                   Sea
                   ,
                   which
                   being
                   afterward
                   cast
                   up
                   by
                   the
                   Violence
                   of
                   the
                   Waves
                   ,
                   was
                   known
                   by
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   ,
                   and
                   carry'd
                   to
                   Syracuse
                   .
                   And
                   whereas
                   it
                   was
                   the
                   King's
                   Custom
                   always
                   after
                   Supper
                   to
                   pick
                   his
                   Teeth
                   with
                   a
                   Quill
                   ,
                   now
                   rising
                   from
                   the
                   Table
                   ,
                   he
                   call'd
                   to
                   Menon
                   for
                   his
                   Tooth-picker
                   :
                   Who
                   having
                   dipt
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   it
                   in
                   Poyson
                   ,
                   deliver'd
                   it
                   to
                   the
                   King
                   ;
                   who
                   never
                   suspecting
                   any
                   thing
                   ,
                   ply'd
                   all
                   his
                   Teeth
                   with
                   that
                   care
                   and
                   earnestness
                   ,
                   that
                   none
                   of
                   his
                   Guns
                   scap'd
                   the
                   touch
                   of
                   the
                   Poyson
                   .
                   Upon
                   ths
                   the
                   Kingbegan
                   by
                   little
                   and
                   
                   little
                   to
                   be
                   very
                   ill
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   succeeded
                   by
                   violent
                   Torments
                   in
                   his
                   Body
                   every
                   Day
                   .
                   Then
                   an
                   incurable
                   putrefaction
                   and
                   rottenness
                   cover'd
                   hs
                   Gums
                   and
                   Teeth
                   ,
                   and
                   now
                   drawing
                   near
                   to
                   his
                   end
                   ,
                   he
                   call'd
                   a
                   Senate
                   ,
                   where
                   he
                   complain'd
                   of
                   the
                   wickedness
                   of
                   Archagathus
                   ,
                   and
                   incited
                   the
                   People
                   to
                   take
                   revenge
                   of
                   him
                   for
                   his
                   Villanies
                   ,
                   declaring
                   that
                   he
                   would
                   forthwith
                   restore
                   them
                   to
                   their
                   Democracy
                   .
                   Afterwards
                   when
                   he
                   was
                   in
                   the
                   very
                   height
                   of
                   his
                   Extremity
                   ,
                   Oxythemes
                   (
                   that
                   had
                   been
                   there
                   a
                   little
                   before
                   ,
                   sent
                   by
                   King
                   Demetrius
                   )
                   hurri'd
                   him
                   to
                   the
                   Funeral
                   Pile
                   ,
                   and
                   ●urnt
                   him
                   while
                   he
                   was
                   yet
                   alive
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   able
                   to
                   speak
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   foulness
                   and
                   filthness
                   of
                   his
                   Mouth
                   through
                   the
                   Poyson
                   .
                   And
                   thus
                   Agathocles
                   for
                   the
                   many
                   Slaughters
                   and
                   Murders
                   of
                   his
                   Reign
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   Cruelties
                   towards
                   his
                   own
                   Subjects
                   ,
                   and
                   Impieties
                   against
                   the
                   ●ods
                   came
                   to
                   an
                   end
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   he
                   justly
                   deserv'd
                   for
                   his
                   former
                   wickednesses
                   ,
                   after
                   he
                   hd
                   Reign'd
                   Twenty
                   eight
                   Years
                   ,
                   and
                   liv'd
                   Seventy
                   two
                   ,
                   as
                   Timeus
                   the
                   Syracusian
                   relates
                   ,
                   and
                   Callias
                   another
                   Syracusian
                   (
                   who
                   writ
                   Two
                   and
                   twenty
                   Books
                   )
                   and
                   Antander
                   likewise
                   the
                   Brother
                   of
                   Agathocles
                   an
                   Historian
                   .
                   The
                   Syracusians
                   having
                   now
                   Regain'd
                   ther
                   Democratical
                   Government
                   Consiscated
                   all
                   the
                   Goods
                   and
                   Estate
                   of
                   Agathocles
                   ,
                   and
                   boke
                   down
                   all
                   his
                   Statues
                   .
                   Menon
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   (
                   who
                   had
                   Plotted
                   and
                   Executed
                   the
                   T●ason
                   )
                   was
                   at
                   the
                   Camp
                   with
                   Archagathus
                   ,
                   having
                   fled
                   thither
                   from
                   Syracuse
                   :
                   And
                   now
                   beginning
                   to
                   look
                   very
                   big
                   upon
                   it
                   (
                   as
                   being
                   the
                   Man
                   that
                   had
                   ruin'd
                   the
                   Monarchy
                   )
                   ●e
                   secretly
                   Murthers
                   Archagathus
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   with
                   fair
                   Words
                   ,
                   and
                   winning
                   Carriage
                   brought
                   over
                   the
                   Army
                   to
                   his
                   Interest
                   ,
                   and
                   determined
                   to
                   force
                   Syracuse
                   to
                   Obedience
                   ,
                   and
                   gain
                   the
                   Principality
                   .
                   Hereupon
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   created
                   Hicetas
                   General
                   against
                   Menon
                   ,
                   he
                   continu'd
                   the
                   War
                   for
                   some
                   time
                   :
                   Menon
                   all
                   along
                   seeking
                   to
                   avoid
                   Fighting
                   ,
                   and
                   could
                   by
                   no
                   means
                   be
                   brought
                   to
                   ingage
                   .
                   But
                   when
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   join'd
                   with
                   Menon
                   (
                   by
                   which
                   he
                   became
                   far
                   stronger
                   than
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   )
                   they
                   were
                   forc'd
                   to
                   agree
                   with
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   ,
                   and
                   deliver
                   Four
                   hundred
                   Hostages
                   for
                   further
                   Security
                   of
                   the
                   Peace
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   restore
                   all
                   the
                   Exiles
                   .
                   However
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Mercenary
                   Soldiers
                   were
                   deny'd
                   their
                   right
                   to
                   give
                   their
                   Votes
                   for
                   the
                   choosing
                   of
                   the
                   Magistrates
                   ,
                   the
                   City
                   was
                   presently
                   in
                   an
                   uproar
                   :
                   And
                   both
                   Syracusians
                   and
                   Mercenaries
                   ran
                   to
                   their
                   Arms
                   :
                   But
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   better
                   sort
                   interpos'd
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   much
                   Intercession
                   prevail'd
                   with
                   both
                   parties
                   to
                   agree
                   upon
                   this
                   Condition
                   ,
                   That
                   the
                   Soldiers
                   should
                   depart
                   out
                   of
                   Sicily
                   by
                   such
                   a
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   take
                   all
                   their
                   Goods
                   along
                   with
                   them
                   :
                   Hereupon
                   the
                   Foreign
                   Soldiers
                   March'd
                   away
                   from
                   Syracuse
                   ,
                   and
                   came
                   to
                   Messina
                   ,
                   where
                   they
                   were
                   receiv'd
                   into
                   the
                   City
                   as
                   Friends
                   and
                   Confederates
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   being
                   kindly
                   entertain'd
                   in
                   their
                   Houses
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   Night
                   they
                   Massacred
                   all
                   their
                   Hosts
                   ,
                   and
                   Marrying
                   their
                   Wives
                   ,
                   Seiz'd
                   upon
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   call'd
                   Mamertina
                   from
                   Mars
                   ,
                   which
                   in
                   their
                   own
                   *
                   Country
                   Language
                   they
                   call
                   Mamers
                   .
                
                 
                   13.
                   
                   For
                   they
                   that
                   are
                   not
                   Members
                   of
                   the
                   Democratical
                   Government
                   ,
                   are
                   not
                   admitted
                   by
                   the
                   Tribune
                   of
                   the
                   People
                   to
                   give
                   their
                   Suffrage
                   amongst
                   them
                   that
                   are
                   .
                
                 
                   14.
                   
                   It
                   's
                   a
                   commendable
                   thing
                   to
                   be
                   ever
                   Terrible
                   to
                   an
                   Enemy
                   ,
                   and
                   always
                   kind
                   and
                   courteous
                   to
                   a
                   Friend
                   .
                
                 
                   15.
                   
                   Since
                   that
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   ,
                   when
                   you
                   knew
                   not
                   what
                   was
                   best
                   or
                   fittest
                   to
                   be
                   done
                   ,
                   you
                   were
                   catcht
                   with
                   fair
                   and
                   enticeing
                   Words
                   :
                   And
                   now
                   when
                   you
                   see
                   Calamity
                   upon
                   the
                   Country
                   indeed
                   ,
                   you
                   are
                   taught
                   another
                   Lesson
                   .
                   For
                   to
                   be
                   Ignorant
                   sometimes
                   of
                   things
                   that
                   may
                   fall
                   out
                   in
                   this
                   Life
                   ,
                   is
                   natural
                   to
                   Mankind
                   :
                   But
                   to
                   be
                   deceiv'd
                   twice
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   thing
                   ,
                   argues
                   a
                   Man
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Fool.
                   And
                   the
                   oftner
                   we
                   are
                   so
                   deceiv'd
                   ,
                   the
                   greater
                   punishment
                   we
                   deserve
                   .
                   Some
                   of
                   the
                   Citizens
                   are
                   grown
                   to
                   that
                   height
                   of
                   Covetousness
                   that
                   they
                   would
                   fain
                   raise
                   up
                   the
                   glory
                   of
                   their
                   Families
                   by
                   the
                   ruin
                   of
                   their
                   Country
                   .
                   For
                   they
                   that
                   have
                   so
                   wickedly
                   acted
                   in
                   assisting
                   others
                   ,
                   pray
                   !
                   how
                   have
                   they
                   been
                   us'd
                   by
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   16.
                   
                   Offences
                   are
                   to
                   be
                   forgiven
                   ,
                   and
                   Peace
                   to
                   be
                   kept
                   for
                   the
                   time
                   to
                   come
                   .
                
                 
                   17.
                   
                   Not
                   they
                   that
                   offend
                   ;
                   but
                   they
                   that
                   repent
                   not
                   of
                   their
                   offences
                   ,
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   severely
                   punish'd
                   .
                
                 
                   18.
                   
                   Mercy
                   and
                   Kindness
                   amongst
                   Men
                   ,
                   is
                   more
                   Ancient
                   than
                   Wrath
                   and
                   Revenge
                   .
                
                 
                   19.
                   
                   It
                   's
                   a
                   commendable
                   and
                   desireable
                   thing
                   to
                   lay
                   aside
                   all
                   Animosities
                   .
                   and
                   instead
                   thereof
                   to
                   return
                   to
                   Friendship
                   and
                   Amity
                   .
                   For
                   when
                   a
                   Man
                   is
                   reduc'd
                   to
                   Poverty
                   and
                   Straits
                   ,
                   he
                   presently
                   (
                   at
                   the
                   first
                   Nod
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   )
                   runs
                   to
                   his
                   Friends
                   .
                
                 
                   20.
                   
                   Covetousness
                   being
                   naturally
                   Ingrafted
                   into
                   Men
                   ,
                   no
                   Man
                   can
                   be
                   wholly
                   free
                   from
                   this
                   Vice.
                   Pride
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   Tyrant's
                   Robes
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   left
                   at
                   home
                   .
                   For
                   he
                   that
                   enters
                   into
                   a
                   free
                   City
                   ,
                   ought
                   to
                   conform
                   himself
                   to
                   the
                   Laws
                   of
                   the
                   Place
                   .
                   He
                   that
                   is
                   of
                   a
                   Princely
                   Family
                   ,
                   and
                   comes
                   to
                   a
                   Kingdom
                   by
                   Hereditary
                   descent
                   ,
                   is
                   desirous
                   likewise
                   to
                   succeed
                   in
                   the
                   Glory
                   and
                   Reputation
                   of
                   his
                   Ancestors
                   .
                   For
                   it
                   's
                   a
                   Base
                   and
                   Dishonourable
                   thing
                   to
                   carry
                   the
                   Name
                   of
                   Pyrrhus
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Achilles
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   in
                   Actions
                   to
                   imitate
                   *
                   Thersites
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   more
                   honour
                   and
                   reputation
                   any
                   Person
                   has
                   gain'd
                   ,
                   so
                   much
                   the
                   more
                   the
                   regard
                   and
                   respect
                   will
                   he
                   have
                   for
                   them
                   who
                   were
                   the
                   Instruments
                   of
                   his
                   Advancement
                   and
                   happy
                   Successes
                   .
                   Therefore
                   what
                   may
                   be
                   honourably
                   and
                   deservedly
                   obtain'd
                   ,
                   should
                   not
                   be
                   us'd
                   unjustly
                   and
                   disgracefully
                   ,
                   when
                   it
                   is
                   enjoy'd
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   therefore
                   (
                   Gentlemen
                   )
                   a
                   commendable
                   thing
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   example
                   of
                   other
                   Mens
                   Harms
                   and
                   Mistakes
                   ,
                   Wisely
                   to
                   provide
                   for
                   our
                   own
                   Security
                   .
                
                 
                   21.
                   
                   It
                   does
                   not
                   become
                   any
                   Man
                   to
                   have
                   more
                   regard
                   to
                   Strangers
                   ,
                   than
                   his
                   own
                   kindred
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   be
                   more
                   fearful
                   to
                   exasperate
                   an
                   Enemy
                   ,
                   than
                   careful
                   to
                   preserve
                   the
                   good
                   Will
                   and
                   Opinion
                   of
                   his
                   Allies
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Out
                   of
                   the
                   22d
                   Book
                   .
                
                 
                   1.
                   
                   IT
                   'S
                   the
                   natural
                   Property
                   of
                   the
                   Epirots
                   not
                   only
                   to
                   fight
                   for
                   their
                   Country
                   ,
                   but
                   to
                   run
                   all
                   hazards
                   likewise
                   for
                   the
                   Defence
                   of
                   their
                   Friends
                   and
                   Allies
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   Decius
                   the
                   Roman
                   Tribune
                   Governor
                   of
                   Rhegium
                   ,
                   to
                   revenge
                   his
                   Country
                   of
                   King
                   
                   Pyrrhus
                   ,
                   kill'd
                   all
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   save
                   the
                   Women
                   ,
                   whom
                   he
                   sold
                   for
                   Slaves
                   ,
                   and
                   seized
                   upon
                   all
                   the
                   Goods
                   and
                   Estates
                   of
                   them
                   that
                   were
                   slain
                   .
                   These
                   were
                   Campanians
                   ,
                   
                   who
                   acted
                   the
                   same
                   Cruelty
                   here
                   as
                   the
                   Mamertines
                   did
                   when
                   they
                   Massacred
                   all
                   the
                   Messinians
                   .
                   
                   Afterwards
                   ,
                   because
                   he
                   made
                   not
                   an
                   equal
                   distribution
                   of
                   the
                   Prey
                   ,
                   and
                   Plunder
                   taken
                   from
                   those
                   miserable
                   People
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   Banish'd
                   Rhegium
                   by
                   his
                   own
                   Country
                   men
                   the
                   Campanians
                   .
                   The
                   Mamertines
                   themselves
                   assisted
                   in
                   this
                   Butchery
                   :
                   And
                   with
                   the
                   Money
                   that
                   was
                   left
                   hir'd
                   him
                   to
                   be
                   their
                   Captain
                   ,
                   and
                   Chief
                   Commander
                   .
                   Afterwards
                   a
                   distemper
                   falling
                   into
                   his
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   he
                   advis'd
                   with
                   a
                   skilful
                   Physitian
                   ,
                   who
                   to
                   revenge
                   the
                   Injuries
                   and
                   Cruelties
                   done
                   to
                   his
                   Country
                   ,
                   prescrib'd
                   an
                   application
                   of
                   Cantharides
                   which
                   wholly
                   depriv'd
                   him
                   of
                   his
                   sight
                   :
                   And
                   the
                   Physitian
                   himself
                   took
                   Care
                   to
                   withdraw
                   from
                   
                   Messina
                   .
                   In
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   there
                   were
                   these
                   Princes
                   ,
                   Hicetas
                   at
                   
                     Syracuse
                     ,
                     Phintias
                  
                   at
                   
                     Agrigentam
                     ,
                     Tyndarus
                  
                   at
                   Tauromenium
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   others
                   in
                   the
                   lesser
                   Cities
                   .
                   Phintias
                   and
                   Hicetas
                   were
                   at
                   War
                   one
                   with
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   sought
                   a
                   Battle
                   at
                   Hibleum
                   in
                   which
                   Hicetas
                   
                   was
                   Conqueror
                   .
                   Afterwards
                   making
                   several
                   Incursions
                   one
                   upon
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   Robbing
                   and
                   Spoiling
                   every
                   where
                   ,
                   the
                   Country
                   by
                   this
                   means
                   lay
                   untill'd
                   .
                   Hicetas
                   puff'd
                   up
                   with
                   his
                   Victory
                   ,
                   ingag'd
                   with
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   at
                   the
                   River
                   Teria
                   ,
                   where
                   he
                   was
                   beaten
                   with
                   the
                   loss
                   of
                   a
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   his
                   Men.
                   At
                   that
                   time
                   Phintias
                   built
                   Phintia
                   ,
                   and
                   planted
                   there
                   the
                   Geleons
                   who
                   were
                   driven
                   out
                   of
                   their
                   Country
                   .
                   It
                   is
                   Scituated
                   at
                   the
                   Sea-side
                   :
                   For
                   both
                   the
                   Houses
                   and
                   Walls
                   of
                   Gela
                   being
                   utterly
                   demolish'd
                   ;
                   after
                   he
                   had
                   wall'd
                   Phintia
                   and
                   made
                   a
                   stately
                   Market
                   place
                   ,
                   and
                   built
                   Temples
                   for
                   the
                   Service
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   he
                   Transplanted
                   the
                   People
                   of
                   Gela
                   thither
                   .
                   When
                   he
                   had
                   committed
                   the
                   Murther
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   hated
                   by
                   all
                   the
                   Cities
                   under
                   his
                   Government
                   ,
                   who
                   drave
                   out
                   all
                   the
                   Garisons
                   ,
                   among
                   whom
                   the
                   first
                   were
                   the
                   Agyrineans
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   King
                   Ptolemy
                   was
                   Kill'd
                   by
                   the
                   Gaus
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   whole
                   Macedonian
                   Army
                   utterly
                   destroy'd
                   
                   and
                   cut
                   off
                   .
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   A
                   Cadmean
                   Victory
                   is
                   a
                   Proverb
                   ,
                   meant
                   when
                   the
                   Conquerors
                   have
                   lost
                   abundance
                   of
                   Men
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Conquer'd
                   are
                   little
                   the
                   worse
                   ,
                   because
                   of
                   the
                   largeness
                   of
                   their
                   Empire
                   .
                
                 
                   5.
                   
                   Phintias
                   the
                   Builder
                   of
                   Phintia
                   ,
                   and
                   Tyrant
                   of
                   Agrigentum
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   Dream
                   had
                   a
                   representation
                   pointing
                   out
                   to
                   him
                   his
                   own
                   Death
                   .
                   He
                   thought
                   he
                   saw
                   ,
                   as
                   he
                   was
                   Hunting
                   the
                   Bore
                   ,
                   that
                   a
                   Sow
                   fiercely
                   made
                   up
                   upon
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   struck
                   him
                   on
                   the
                   side
                   with
                   her
                   Teeth
                   ,
                   which
                   so
                   pierc'd
                   him
                   that
                   he
                   Dy'd
                   .
                
                 
                   6.
                   
                   Hicetas
                   after
                   he
                   had
                   Reign'd
                   nine
                   Years
                   at
                   Syracuse
                   ,
                   was
                   depriv'd
                   of
                   his
                   Kingdom
                   by
                   Thynion
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Mameus
                   .
                
                 
                   7.
                   
                   Thynion
                   and
                   Softratus
                   the
                   Successors
                   of
                   Hicetas
                   ,
                   sent
                   again
                   for
                   King
                   Pyrrus
                   into
                   Sicily
                   .
                
                 
                   8.
                   
                   The
                   Mamertines
                   who
                   treacherously
                   Murder'd
                   the
                   Messinians
                   ,
                   having
                   entred
                   into
                   a
                   League
                   with
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   Senate
                   decreed
                   to
                   hinder
                   Pyrrhus
                   from
                   Landing
                   in
                   
                   Sicily
                   .
                   But
                   Tyndarion
                   ,
                   Tyrant
                   of
                   Tauromenia
                   sided
                   with
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   ready
                   to
                   receive
                   into
                   the
                   City
                   those
                   Forces
                   that
                   joyn'd
                   with
                   him
                   .
                
                 
                   9.
                   
                   The
                   Carthaginians
                   entred
                   into
                   a
                   League
                   with
                   the
                   Romans
                   ,
                   and
                   took
                   a-board
                   500
                   Men
                   into
                   their
                   own
                   Ships
                   ,
                   and
                   Sail'd
                   over
                   to
                   Rhegium
                   ,
                   and
                   began
                   to
                   assault
                   the
                   Place
                   ,
                   but
                   at
                   length
                   rais'd
                   their
                   Siege
                   ,
                   and
                   having
                   set
                   on
                   fire
                   all
                   the
                   Timber
                   and
                   other
                   Materials
                   ,
                   there
                   prepar'd
                   for
                   Shipping
                   ,
                   they
                   made
                   to
                   Sea
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   lay
                   to
                   observe
                   the
                   motion
                   of
                   Pyrrhus
                   .
                
                 
                   When
                   Thynio
                   had
                   the
                   Command
                   of
                   the
                   *
                   Island
                   ,
                   and
                   Sostratus
                   lorded
                   it
                   over
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   ,
                   having
                   each
                   an
                   Army
                   of
                   10000
                   Men
                   ,
                   they
                   broke
                   out
                   into
                   War
                   one
                   against
                   another
                   ,
                   
                   but
                   being
                   tyr'd
                   out
                   ,
                   they
                   both
                   sent
                   Ambassadors
                   to
                   Pyrrhus
                   .
                
                 
                   11.
                   
                   Pyrrhus
                   Warr'd
                   in
                   Italy
                   2
                   Years
                   and
                   4
                   Months
                   ,
                   and
                   whilst
                   he
                   was
                   preparing
                   for
                   his
                   departure
                   ,
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   closely
                   besieg'd
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   both
                   by
                   Sea
                   and
                   Land.
                   They
                   had
                   a
                   Fleet
                   of
                   100
                   Sail
                   that
                   lay
                   in
                   the
                   great
                   Haven
                   ;
                   and
                   a
                   Land
                   Army
                   of
                   50000
                   Men
                   that
                   Encamp'd
                   near
                   the
                   Walls
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   these
                   they
                   penn'd
                   up
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   ,
                   within
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   and
                   Wasting
                   and
                   Harrassing
                   the
                   Country
                   round
                   about
                   ,
                   they
                   even
                   turn'd
                   it
                   into
                   a
                   desolate
                   Wilderness
                   .
                   The
                   Syracusians
                   therefore
                   wearied
                   out
                   with
                   the
                   War
                   ,
                   depended
                   only
                   upon
                   Pyrrhus
                   ,
                   in
                   regard
                   he
                   had
                   Marry'd
                   Lanassa
                   the
                   Daughter
                   of
                   Agathocles
                   ,
                   of
                   whom
                   he
                   had
                   begotten
                   Alexander
                   :
                   Upon
                   which
                   account
                   they
                   sent
                   every
                   Day
                   one
                   Messenger
                   after
                   another
                   to
                   him
                   ;
                   whereupon
                   Shipping
                   his
                   Men
                   ,
                   Elephants
                   and
                   other
                   Provisions
                   ,
                   he
                   loos'd
                   from
                   Tarentum
                   ,
                   and
                   arriv'd
                   the
                   10th
                   Day
                   at
                   Locris
                   :
                   Thence
                   he
                   Sail'd
                   after
                   his
                   Landing
                   in
                   S●●lly
                   ,
                   to
                   Tauromenium
                   ;
                   and
                   there
                   being
                   joyn'd
                   with
                   Tyndario
                   Prince
                   of
                   that
                   
                   City
                   ,
                   and
                   Inforc'd
                   by
                   him
                   with
                   more
                   Soldiers
                   ,
                   he
                   made
                   from
                   thence
                   and
                   came
                   to
                   Catana
                   ,
                   where
                   being
                   Magnificently
                   receiv'd
                   by
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   ,
                   and
                   loaden
                   with
                   golden
                   Crowns
                   ,
                   he
                   landed
                   his
                   Men
                   ,
                   with
                   which
                   he
                   March'd
                   straight
                   towards
                   Syracuse
                   :
                   His
                   
                   Fleet
                   ready
                   prepar'd
                   for
                   an
                   Engagement
                   ,
                   Sailing
                   with
                   him
                   all
                   along
                   upon
                   the
                   Coast
                   .
                   When
                   he
                   came
                   near
                   to
                   Syracuse
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   (
                   because
                   they
                   had
                   sent
                   away
                   30
                   of
                   their
                   Vessels
                   for
                   necessary
                   Provisions
                   )
                   durst
                   not
                   venture
                   a
                   Battle
                   with
                   those
                   that
                   remain'd
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   Pyrrhus
                   came
                   to
                   Syracuse
                   without
                   any
                   opposition
                   :
                   The
                   *
                   Island
                   being
                   kept
                   by
                   Thynio
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   City
                   by
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   and
                   Sosistrates
                   .
                   For
                   he
                   had
                   under
                   his
                   
                   Command
                   Agrigentum
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   other
                   Cities
                   ,
                   and
                   above
                   10000
                   Soldiers
                   .
                   And
                   having
                   then
                   reconcil'd
                   Thynio
                   and
                   Sosistratas
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   ,
                   and
                   brought
                   them
                   all
                   to
                   a
                   right
                   understanding
                   among
                   themselves
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   thereupon
                   highly
                   Esteem'd
                   and
                   Applauded
                   .
                   The
                   King
                   receiv'd
                   Weapons
                   ,
                   Engines
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Furniture
                   and
                   Provisions
                   which
                   was
                   in
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   and
                   120
                   Deck'd
                   Ships
                   ,
                   and
                   20
                   open
                   Vessels
                   *
                   
                     But
                     the
                     Palace
                     belonged
                     to
                  
                   Enneres
                   .
                   
                   The
                   whole
                   Navy
                   therefore
                   (
                   with
                   those
                   he
                   brought
                   along
                   with
                   him
                   )
                   consisted
                   of
                   200
                   Sail.
                   Whilst
                   he
                   was
                   thus
                   imploy'd
                   ,
                   Ambassadors
                   came
                   from
                   the
                   Leontines
                   (
                   sent
                   to
                   him
                   from
                   Heraclidas
                   the
                   Governor
                   )
                   with
                   promise
                   to
                   deliver
                   up
                   the
                   City
                   into
                   his
                   hands
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   Garisons
                   and
                   4000
                   Foot
                   ,
                   and
                   500
                   Horse
                   .
                   There
                   were
                   then
                   many
                   others
                   at
                   Syracuse
                   ,
                   who
                   promis'd
                   to
                   deliver
                   up
                   their
                   Cities
                   to
                   Pyrrhus
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   join
                   with
                   him
                   in
                   the
                   War
                   :
                   He
                   receiv'd
                   them
                   all
                   Graciously
                   ,
                   and
                   sent
                   them
                   back
                   to
                   their
                   several
                   Countries
                   ,
                   hoping
                   now
                   shortly
                   to
                   be
                   Lord
                   of
                   Lybia
                   .
                
                 
                   12
                   The
                   Port
                   of
                   Corinth
                   is
                   call'd
                   Lechoeum
                   .
                
                 
                   13.
                   
                   Brennus
                   King
                   of
                   the
                   Gauls
                   made
                   an
                   inroad
                   into
                   Macedonia
                   with
                   an
                   Hundred
                   and
                   forty
                   thousand
                   Targateers
                   ,
                   and
                   Ten
                   thousand
                   Horse
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   a
                   great
                   multitude
                   of
                   other
                   foreign
                   Rabble
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   Merchants
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   Two
                   thousand
                   Carts
                   and
                   Carriages
                   .
                   He
                   made
                   great
                   havock
                   and
                   slaughter
                   with
                   a
                   design
                   to
                   ruine
                   them
                   utterly
                   ;
                   at
                   last
                   he
                   broke
                   
                   into
                   Greece
                   ,
                   and
                   fully
                   propos'd
                   to
                   rifle
                   the
                   Temple
                   at
                   Delphos
                   .
                   By
                   frequent
                   Engagements
                   he
                   lost
                   *
                   Myriads
                   of
                   his
                   Men
                   ,
                   and
                   he
                   himself
                   receiv'd
                   Three
                   desperate
                   wounds
                   .
                   Being
                   near
                   his
                   end
                   ,
                   he
                   call'd
                   his
                   Army
                   together
                   ,
                   and
                   made
                   a
                   Speech
                   to
                   the
                   Gauls
                   ,
                   and
                   advis'd
                   them
                   to
                   kill
                   both
                   him
                   and
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   wounded
                   Men
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   burn
                   all
                   their
                   Carriages
                   ,
                   and
                   return
                   home
                   with
                   all
                   speed
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   Cichorius
                   their
                   King.
                   Brennus
                   at
                   length
                   after
                   he
                   had
                   swill'd
                   down
                   abundance
                   of
                   Wine
                   ,
                   ran
                   himself
                   through
                   the
                   Body
                   .
                   Cichorius
                   (
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   he
                   had
                   buried
                   Brennus
                   )
                   knock'd
                   all
                   the
                   wounded
                   Men
                   on
                   the
                   Head
                   ,
                   that
                   were
                   like
                   to
                   be
                   starv'd
                   with
                   Hunger
                   ,
                   and
                   perish
                   by
                   the
                   Cold
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   Twenty
                   thousand
                   ,
                   and
                   return'd
                   with
                   the
                   rest
                   the
                   same
                   way
                   they
                   came
                   :
                   But
                   the
                   Grecians
                   that
                   lay
                   in
                   ambush
                   in
                   the
                   strait
                   and
                   narrow
                   passages
                   ,
                   cut
                   off
                   all
                   their
                   Rear
                   ,
                   and
                   took
                   all
                   their
                   Bag
                   and
                   Baggage
                   ;
                   marching
                   forward
                   to
                   Thermopilae
                   ,
                   they
                   left
                   there
                   behind
                   them
                   Twenty
                   thousand
                   more
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   Food
                   :
                   at
                   length
                   as
                   they
                   were
                   passing
                   through
                   the
                   Country
                   of
                   the
                   Dardanians
                   ,
                   they
                   all
                   perish'd
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   one
                   Man
                   return'd
                   to
                   his
                   own
                   Country
                   .
                
                 
                   14.
                   
                   But
                   Pyrrhus
                   when
                   he
                   had
                   settled
                   all
                   things
                   in
                   Syracuse
                   and
                   Leontinum
                   ,
                   march'd
                   with
                   his
                   Army
                   towards
                   Agrigentum
                   ,
                   and
                   while
                   he
                   was
                   in
                   his
                   March
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   told
                   by
                   some
                   that
                   came
                   off
                   Shipboard
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   had
                   driven
                   out
                   the
                   Carthaginian
                   Garison
                   ,
                   that
                   Phintias
                   might
                   not
                   Govern
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   promis'd
                   they
                   would
                   deliver
                   the
                   City
                   into
                   his
                   hands
                   ,
                   and
                   join
                   with
                   him
                   as
                   Confederates
                   in
                   the
                   War.
                   Having
                   therefore
                   receiv'd
                   the
                   Forces
                   ,
                   he
                   marcht
                   straight
                   to
                   Agrigentum
                   ,
                   and
                   receiv'd
                   the
                   City
                   and
                   Soldiers
                   from
                   Sosistratus
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   8000
                   Foot
                   and
                   800
                   Horse
                   ,
                   nothing
                   inferior
                   to
                   the
                   Epirots
                   .
                   And
                   now
                   he
                   took
                   into
                   his
                   protection
                   30
                   Cities
                   which
                   were
                   under
                   the
                   Command
                   of
                   Sosistratus
                   .
                   Afterwards
                   he
                   sent
                   to
                   Syracuse
                   for
                   the
                   Engines
                   of
                   Battery
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   the
                   Arms
                   and
                   Darts
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   they
                   were
                   brought
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   he
                   marched
                   into
                   the
                   Territories
                   of
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   ,
                   having
                   an
                   Army
                   with
                   him
                   of
                   30000
                   Foot
                   and
                   1500
                   Horse
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   Elephants
                   .
                   And
                   First
                   he
                   took
                   in
                   Heraclea
                   a
                   Carthaginian
                   Garison
                   :
                   Then
                   Azones
                   ,
                   after
                   they
                   of
                   Selinunte
                   came
                   in
                   to
                   the
                   King
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   
                     Halicyens
                     Aegestines
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   other
                   Cities
                   .
                   Aeryx
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   had
                   in
                   it
                   a
                   very
                   strong
                   Carthaginian
                   Garison
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   beside
                   naturally
                   fortify'd
                   and
                   difficult
                   to
                   approach
                   .
                   Pyrrhus
                   was
                   resolv'd
                   to
                   storm
                   this
                   place
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   that
                   end
                   brought
                   his
                   battering
                   Rams
                   to
                   the
                   Walls
                   :
                   After
                   a
                   strong
                   defence
                   made
                   for
                   a
                   long
                   time
                   ,
                   the
                   King
                   desirous
                   to
                   make
                   his
                   Name
                   Famous
                   (
                   in
                   imitation
                   of
                   Hercules
                   )
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   entred
                   within
                   the
                   Walls
                   ,
                   and
                   fought
                   with
                   that
                   Courage
                   and
                   Resolution
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   dispatcht
                   all
                   those
                   Carthaginians
                   that
                   came
                   within
                   his
                   reach
                   ;
                   at
                   length
                   Succours
                   coming
                   in
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   he
                   
                   took
                   the
                   Town
                   by
                   Storm
                   ;
                   then
                   leaving
                   there
                   a
                   strong
                   Carrison
                   he
                   march'd
                   to
                   Eginera
                   ,
                   a
                   very
                   strong
                   place
                   ,
                   and
                   pleasantly
                   situated
                   near
                   Panormus
                   .
                   They
                   of
                   Eginera
                   surrendred
                   the
                   City
                   ;
                   and
                   thence
                   he
                   forthwith
                   made
                   for
                   Panormus
                   ,
                   which
                   had
                   the
                   best
                   Harbor
                   of
                   any
                   City
                   in
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   from
                   whence
                   this
                   City
                   was
                   so
                   call'd
                   ;
                   He
                   took
                   it
                   likewise
                   by
                   Storm
                   .
                   Then
                   taking
                   in
                   the
                   Fort
                   at
                   Ercte
                   ,
                   he
                   gain'd
                   all
                   that
                   belong'd
                   to
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   ,
                   except
                   
                   Lilibeum
                   .
                   This
                   City
                   was
                   built
                   by
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   after
                   Dionysius
                   the
                   Tyrant
                   had
                   ruin'd
                   Motya
                   .
                   For
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   left
                   alive
                   after
                   that
                   slaughter
                   ,
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   setled
                   in
                   Lilibeum
                   .
                   Just
                   as
                   Pyrrhus
                   was
                   ready
                   to
                   besiege
                   this
                   place
                   ,
                   a
                   great
                   Army
                   landed
                   there
                   out
                   of
                   Africa
                   ,
                   having
                   the
                   advantage
                   of
                   being
                   Masters
                   at
                   Sea
                   ,
                   and
                   brought
                   with
                   them
                   abundance
                   of
                   Corn
                   ,
                   and
                   an
                   innumerable
                   number
                   of
                   Engines
                   and
                   Weapons
                   of
                   War.
                   And
                   because
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   City
                   lay
                   near
                   to
                   the
                   Sea
                   ,
                   they
                   were
                   most
                   careful
                   to
                   guard
                   that
                   part
                   towards
                   the
                   main
                   Land
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   that
                   end
                   rais'd
                   many
                   Bulwarks
                   and
                   high
                   Towers
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   drew
                   a
                   large
                   Trench
                   to
                   prevent
                   an
                   approach
                   on
                   that
                   side
                   .
                   Then
                   they
                   sent
                   Ambassadors
                   
                   to
                   the
                   King
                   to
                   treat
                   upon
                   terms
                   of
                   Peace
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   offer
                   him
                   a
                   great
                   sum
                   of
                   Money
                   ;
                   But
                   the
                   King
                   refusing
                   the
                   Money
                   ,
                   they
                   desir'd
                   that
                   he
                   would
                   permit
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   to
                   keep
                   only
                   Lilybeum
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   Confederates
                   that
                   were
                   then
                   assembled
                   in
                   Senate
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Representatives
                   of
                   the
                   several
                   Cities
                   ,
                   sent
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   earnestly
                   intreated
                   him
                   ,
                   he
                   would
                   not
                   upon
                   any
                   terms
                   whatsoever
                   permit
                   the
                   Barbarians
                   to
                   have
                   any
                   footing
                   in
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   but
                   drive
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   wholly
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Island
                   ;
                   and
                   limit
                   their
                   Power
                   at
                   Sea.
                   Upon
                   this
                   the
                   King
                   encampt
                   near
                   the
                   Walls
                   ;
                   and
                   at
                   first
                   made
                   several
                   Assaults
                   one
                   upon
                   the
                   neck
                   of
                   another
                   ;
                   But
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   being
                   well
                   furnish'd
                   both
                   with
                   Men
                   and
                   other
                   necessaries
                   ,
                   beat
                   him
                   off
                   .
                   For
                   they
                   had
                   so
                   vast
                   a
                   number
                   of
                   Engines
                   that
                   cast
                   Darts
                   and
                   Stones
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Wall
                   could
                   scarcely
                   contain
                   them
                   :
                   which
                   being
                   all
                   ply'd
                   against
                   the
                   Assailants
                   ,
                   they
                   were
                   so
                   gall'd
                   and
                   cut
                   off
                   ,
                   that
                   Pyrrhus
                   was
                   forc'd
                   to
                   draw
                   off
                   his
                   Men.
                   Then
                   he
                   began
                   to
                   contrive
                   other
                   Engines
                   (
                   besides
                   those
                   he
                   had
                   from
                   Syracuse
                   )
                   and
                   did
                   all
                   he
                   could
                   to
                   undermine
                   the
                   Walls
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   making
                   a
                   stout
                   resistance
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   place
                   being
                   all
                   of
                   Rock
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   now
                   out
                   of
                   all
                   hopes
                   to
                   take
                   it
                   by
                   force
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   (
                   after
                   Two
                   Months
                   lying
                   before
                   it
                   )
                   he
                   rais'd
                   his
                   Siege
                   .
                   And
                   now
                   he
                   design'd
                   to
                   bend
                   his
                   Force
                   elsewhere
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   that
                   end
                   to
                   furnish
                   himself
                   with
                   a
                   great
                   Fleet
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   be
                   Master
                   of
                   the
                   Sea.
                   and
                   to
                   Transport
                   a
                   great
                   Army
                   into
                   Africa
                   .
                
                 
                   15.
                   
                   When
                   the
                   Mamertines
                   in
                   Messina
                   grew
                   strong
                   ,
                   they
                   fortify'd
                   many
                   Castles
                   ,
                   and
                   put
                   Garrisons
                   into
                   them
                   .
                   And
                   came
                   presently
                   with
                   an
                   Army
                   (
                   they
                   had
                   order'd
                   to
                   be
                   in
                   readiness
                   )
                   to
                   the
                   relief
                   of
                   Messina
                   .
                   But
                   Hiero
                   leaving
                   the
                   Enemies
                   Country
                   took
                   Myla
                   by
                   Storm
                   ,
                   and
                   brought
                   under
                   his
                   Command
                   1500
                   Soldiers
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   march'd
                   towards
                   
                   Amesalus
                   (
                   which
                   lies
                   between
                   the
                   Centoripines
                   and
                   the
                   Agyreans
                   )
                   and
                   tho'
                   it
                   was
                   a
                   strong
                   Place
                   and
                   had
                   many
                   Soldiers
                   in
                   it
                   ,
                   yet
                   he
                   took
                   it
                   by
                   Assault
                   and
                   raz'd
                   it
                   to
                   the
                   ground
                   ,
                   but
                   he
                   pardon'd
                   all
                   the
                   Garrison'd
                   Soldiers
                   ,
                   and
                   joyn'd
                   them
                   to
                   his
                   own
                   Army
                   .
                   The
                   Territory
                   he
                   gave
                   to
                   the
                   *
                   Centorippines
                   and
                   the
                   Agyreans
                   .
                   Afterwards
                   Hiero
                   (
                   having
                   a
                   great
                   Army
                   )
                   march'd
                   against
                   the
                   Mamertines
                   ,
                   and
                   wan
                   Alesa
                   ;
                   and
                   being
                   readily
                   receiv'd
                   of
                   the
                   Abacaenes
                   and
                   Tyndarites
                   ,
                   he
                   gain'd
                   their
                   Cities
                   also
                   ;
                   and
                   so
                   penn'd
                   up
                   the
                   Mamertines
                   into
                   a
                   strait
                   and
                   narrow
                   corner
                   .
                   For
                   on
                   that
                   side
                   towards
                   the
                   Sicilian
                   Sea
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   
                   Lord
                   of
                   Tauromenium
                   a
                   City
                   near
                   Messina
                   ,
                   and
                   towards
                   the
                   Hetrurian
                   Sea
                   ,
                   he
                   commanded
                   the
                   Tyndarites
                   .
                   And
                   now
                   making
                   an
                   incursion
                   into
                   the
                   Territories
                   of
                   Messina
                   ,
                   he
                   encamp'd
                   at
                   the
                   River
                   Lotanus
                   ,
                   having
                   with
                   him
                   in
                   his
                   Army
                   10000
                   Foot
                   and
                   1500
                   Horse
                   .
                   The
                   Mamertines
                   encamp'd
                   over
                   against
                   him
                   with
                   8000
                   Foot
                   and
                   but
                   *
                   40.
                   
                   Horse
                   ,
                   under
                   the
                   Command
                   of
                   Cios
                   ,
                   who
                   call'd
                   the
                   Augures
                   together
                   to
                   consult
                   the
                   issue
                   of
                   the
                   Battle
                   by
                   the
                   view
                   of
                   the
                   Sacrifices
                   ;
                   who
                   answer'd
                   ,
                   That
                   by
                   the
                   Intralls
                   the
                   Gods
                   foretold
                   that
                   he
                   must
                   lodge
                   that
                   Night
                   in
                   the
                   Enemies
                   Camp
                   :
                   Upon
                   this
                   he
                   was
                   Transported
                   with
                   Joy
                   to
                   think
                   he
                   should
                   be
                   Master
                   of
                   the
                   King's
                   Camp.
                   Hereupon
                   he
                   forthwith
                   attempted
                   to
                   pass
                   the
                   River
                   with
                   his
                   Forces
                   drawn
                   up
                   in
                   Battalia
                   .
                   Hiero
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   ,
                   Commands
                   200
                   Exiles
                   of
                   Messina
                   (
                   who
                   were
                   stout
                   and
                   noted
                   Men
                   for
                   their
                   Valour
                   ,
                   with
                   whom
                   he
                   join'd
                   400
                   others
                   of
                   his
                   best
                   Soldiers
                   )
                   to
                   compass
                   an
                   Hill
                   call'd
                   Thorax
                   there
                   near
                   at
                   hand
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   to
                   come
                   round
                   upon
                   the
                   back
                   of
                   the
                   Enemy
                   ,
                   and
                   he
                   himself
                   in
                   order
                   of
                   Battle
                   met
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   Front.
                   Whereupon
                   the
                   Armies
                   Engag'd
                   both
                   Horse
                   and
                   Foot
                   (
                   the
                   King
                   having
                   gain'd
                   a
                   Rising
                   Ground
                   near
                   the
                   River
                   much
                   to
                   his
                   advantage
                   )
                   The
                   issue
                   was
                   doubtful
                   for
                   some
                   time
                   :
                   but
                   they
                   that
                   were
                   order'd
                   to
                   the
                   Hill
                   ,
                   on
                   a
                   sudden
                   fell
                   upon
                   the
                   Mamertines
                   ,
                   who
                   (
                   being
                   but
                   raw
                   Men
                   and
                   tir'd
                   out
                   )
                   were
                   easily
                   vanquish'd
                   .
                   At
                   length
                   ,
                   being
                   hemm'd
                   in
                   on
                   every
                   side
                   ,
                   they
                   took
                   to
                   their
                   Heels
                   :
                   But
                   
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   pursu'd
                   them
                   so
                   close
                   with
                   their
                   whole
                   Army
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   cut
                   them
                   off
                   every
                   Man
                   ,
                   save
                   the
                   General
                   ,
                   who
                   fighting
                   with
                   great
                   Valour
                   ,
                   at
                   length
                   fainted
                   by
                   the
                   many
                   wounds
                   he
                   receiv'd
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   taken
                   prisoner
                   ,
                   and
                   brought
                   half
                   dead
                   into
                   the
                   King's
                   Camp
                   ,
                   and
                   committed
                   to
                   the
                   care
                   of
                   the
                   Chirurgeons
                   ;
                   thus
                   being
                   brought
                   to
                   spend
                   the
                   Night
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   prediction
                   of
                   the
                   Augures
                   in
                   the
                   Enemies
                   Camp.
                   When
                   the
                   King
                   was
                   very
                   earnest
                   to
                   have
                   Cion
                   being
                   Cur'd
                   ,
                   some
                   came
                   to
                   the
                   King
                   with
                   Horses
                   they
                   had
                   taken
                   in
                   the
                   Fight
                   ;
                   Upon
                   which
                   ,
                   when
                   Cion
                   saw
                   his
                   Son's
                   Horse
                   among
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   he
                   concluded
                   he
                   was
                   kill'd
                   ;
                   whereupon
                   he
                   was
                   so
                   Transported
                   with
                   Passion
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   tore
                   in
                   pieces
                   all
                   the
                   Bands
                   and
                   Ligatures
                   of
                   his
                   Wounds
                   ,
                   that
                   by
                   his
                   own
                   death
                   he
                   might
                   Honour
                   his
                   Sons
                   .
                   The
                   Mamertines
                   hearing
                   that
                   both
                   their
                   General
                   Cion
                   and
                   their
                   whole
                   Army
                   was
                   destroy'd
                   ,
                   resolv'd
                   to
                   go
                   and
                   humble
                   themselves
                   to
                   the
                   King
                   ,
                   as
                   Suppliants
                   .
                   However
                   ,
                   Fortune
                   suffer'd
                   not
                   the
                   Mamertines
                   to
                   be
                   altogether
                   lost
                   and
                   undone
                   .
                   For
                   it
                   hapned
                   that
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   Hannibal
                   the
                   Carthaginian
                   General
                   lay
                   at
                   the
                   Island
                   Lipara
                   ,
                   who
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   he
                   heard
                   of
                   this
                   slaughter
                   ,
                   went
                   to
                   the
                   King
                   with
                   all
                   speed
                   ,
                   seemingly
                   to
                   congratulate
                   his
                   Victory
                   ,
                   but
                   in
                   truth
                   by
                   some
                   stratagem
                   to
                   circumvent
                   him
                   .
                   And
                   the
                   King
                   trusting
                   to
                   the
                   
                   Carthaginian's
                   word
                   ,
                   lay
                   still
                   .
                   But
                   Hannibal
                   going
                   to
                   Messina
                   ,
                   and
                   finding
                   
                   the
                   Mamertines
                   ready
                   to
                   deliver
                   up
                   their
                   City
                   he
                   diswaded
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   making
                   a
                   League
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   put
                   *
                   40
                   Soldiers
                   more
                   into
                   the
                   City
                   .
                   Thus
                   the
                   Mamertines
                   (
                   even
                   now
                   in
                   despair
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   their
                   great
                   slaughter
                   )
                   were
                   by
                   this
                   means
                   secur'd
                   from
                   present
                   danger
                   .
                   As
                   for
                   Hiero
                   (
                   being
                   thus
                   cheated
                   by
                   the
                   Carthaginian
                   General
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   discourag'd
                   from
                   besieging
                   of
                   Messina
                   )
                   he
                   return'd
                   to
                   Syracuse
                   after
                   his
                   many
                   Successes
                   .
                   Afterwards
                   when
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   Hiero
                   had
                   thus
                   lost
                   Messina
                   ,
                   they
                   had
                   an
                   interview
                   ,
                   and
                   upon
                   second
                   thoughts
                   entred
                   into
                   a
                   Confederacy
                   ,
                   to
                   besiege
                   the
                   City
                   with
                   their
                   joint
                   Forces
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Out
                   of
                   the
                   23d
                   BOOK
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Fragm
                     .
                     1.
                     
                     SIcily
                  
                   is
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   bravest
                   Islands
                   in
                   the
                   World
                   ,
                   conducing
                   much
                   by
                   its
                   power
                   to
                   the
                   gaining
                   and
                   increase
                   of
                   a
                   larger
                   Dominion
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   Hanno
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Hannibal
                   ,
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   he
                   arriv'd
                   in
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   Rendezvouz'd
                   his
                   Forces
                   
                   at
                   Lilibeum
                   ,
                   and
                   thence
                   March'd
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   Selinunte
                   ,
                   where
                   he
                   left
                   his
                   Army
                   Encamp'd
                   near
                   the
                   City
                   ;
                   but
                   he
                   himself
                   went
                   forward
                   to
                   Agrigentum
                   ,
                   and
                   fortifi'd
                   the
                   Citadel
                   .
                   Then
                   he
                   brought
                   over
                   the
                   People
                   to
                   the
                   Interest
                   of
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   engag'd
                   them
                   to
                   be
                   their
                   Confederates
                   .
                   After
                   he
                   return'd
                   to
                   his
                   Camp
                   ,
                   Ambassadors
                   came
                   to
                   him
                   from
                   Hiero
                   ,
                   to
                   consult
                   concerning
                   the
                   publick
                   Good
                   of
                   Sicily
                   :
                   for
                   they
                   had
                   made
                   a
                   League
                   and
                   Agreement
                   one
                   with
                   another
                   to
                   make
                   War
                   upon
                   the
                   Romans
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   would
                   not
                   forthwith
                   withdraw
                   all
                   their
                   Forces
                   out
                   of
                   Sicily
                   .
                   In
                   execution
                   of
                   which
                   they
                   both
                   March'd
                   with
                   their
                   Armies
                   to
                   Messina
                   :
                   Where
                   Hiero
                   Encamp'd
                   in
                   the
                   Hill
                   call'd
                   Chalchidicus
                   :
                   The
                   Carthaginians
                   lay
                   with
                   theirs
                   near
                   the
                   *
                   Monuments
                   ,
                   and
                   possess'd
                   themselves
                   
                   of
                   the
                   Arsenal
                   call'd
                   Pelotias
                   ,
                   and
                   both
                   presently
                   laid
                   close
                   Siege
                   to
                   Messina
                   .
                   As
                   soon
                   as
                   the
                   News
                   was
                   brought
                   to
                   Rome
                   ,
                   they
                   sent
                   away
                   
                     Appias
                     Cladius
                  
                   ,
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Consuls
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   great
                   Army
                   ,
                   who
                   came
                   to
                   Rhegium
                   with
                   all
                   speed
                   ;
                   and
                   from
                   thence
                   sent
                   Ambassadors
                   to
                   Hiero
                   and
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   to
                   raise
                   their
                   Siege
                   ,
                   and
                   promis'd
                   in
                   a
                   general
                   Assembly
                   not
                   to
                   make
                   any
                   Incursion
                   into
                   the
                   Territories
                   of
                   Hiero.
                   To
                   which
                   Hiero
                   answer'd
                   that
                   the
                   Mamertines
                   for
                   their
                   razing
                   and
                   ruining
                   of
                   Gela
                   and
                   Camarina
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   cruelty
                   and
                   wickedness
                   in
                   getting
                   the
                   possession
                   of
                   Messina
                   were
                   most
                   justly
                   Besieg'd
                   :
                   And
                   that
                   it
                   did
                   not
                   become
                   the
                   Romans
                   who
                   are
                   so
                   cry'd
                   up
                   in
                   every
                   place
                   for
                   their
                   Justice
                   and
                   Faithfulness
                   ,
                   to
                   protect
                   such
                   bloody
                   Villains
                   ,
                   who
                   had
                   contemptuously
                   broken
                   all
                   the
                   Tyes
                   and
                   Bonds
                   of
                   Faith
                   and
                   Truth
                   amongst
                   Men.
                   And
                   if
                   notwithstanding
                   ,
                   they
                   begin
                   a
                   War
                   in
                   the
                   defence
                   of
                   such
                   notoriously
                   wicked
                   Men
                   ,
                   it
                   will
                   be
                   evident
                   and
                   apparent
                   to
                   all
                   Man-kind
                   ,
                   That
                   succour
                   to
                   them
                   that
                   are
                   in
                   destress
                   ,
                   is
                   but
                   a
                   meer
                   pretence
                   to
                   cover
                   their
                   Covetousness
                   ,
                   whereas
                   in
                   truth
                   their
                   Aim
                   is
                   to
                   gain
                   Sicily
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   The
                   Romans
                   at
                   first
                   bore
                   four
                   square
                   shields
                   ,
                   but
                   afterwards
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   observ'd
                   the
                   Tyrrheneans
                   to
                   carry
                   brazen
                   shields
                   ,
                   they
                   got
                   the
                   like
                   ,
                   and
                   Conquer'd
                   them
                   .
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   When
                   the
                   Consul
                   Landed
                   at
                   
                     Messina
                     ;
                     Hiero
                  
                   suspecting
                   that
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   had
                   made
                   way
                   for
                   him
                   ,
                   fled
                   himself
                   to
                   Syracuse
                   .
                   The
                   Carthaginians
                   being
                   at
                   length
                   subdu'd
                   ,
                   the
                   Consul
                   besieg'd
                   Aegista
                   ,
                   and
                   after
                   the
                   loss
                   of
                   a
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   his
                   Men
                   return'd
                   to
                   Messina
                   .
                
                 
                   5.
                   
                   When
                   both
                   Consuls
                   arriv'd
                   in
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   they
                   besieg'd
                   the
                   City
                   Adranita
                   ,
                   and
                   took
                   it
                   by
                   storm
                   .
                   And
                   while
                   they
                   were
                   besieging
                   the
                   *
                   Centorippians
                   ,
                   and
                   lay
                   Encamp'd
                   at
                   the
                   brazen
                   
                   Halls
                   or
                   Palaces
                   ;
                   first
                   Ambassadors
                   came
                   from
                   them
                   of
                   Laessina
                   :
                   Afterwards
                   other
                   Cities
                   that
                   were
                   terrify'd
                   with
                   the
                   Roman
                   Armies
                   ,
                   sent
                   Ambassadors
                   for
                   terms
                   of
                   Peace
                   ,
                   with
                   promise
                   to
                   deliver
                   up
                   all
                   their
                   Towns
                   into
                   the
                   hands
                   of
                   the
                   Romans
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   67.
                   
                   From
                   all
                   which
                   places
                   they
                   March'd
                   to
                   Syracuse
                   to
                   besiege
                   Hiero
                   ,
                   who
                   seeing
                   the
                   uneasiness
                   of
                   the
                   Syracusians
                   at
                   this
                   preparation
                   against
                   them
                   ,
                   sent
                   Ambassadors
                   to
                   the
                   Consuls
                   to
                   Negotiate
                   for
                   Peace
                   .
                   Who
                   readily
                   agreed
                   to
                   the
                   Conditions
                   ,
                   designing
                   chiefly
                   the
                   War
                   against
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   .
                   A
                   Peace
                   therefore
                   was
                   concluded
                   for
                   14
                   Years
                   :
                   And
                   the
                   Romans
                   were
                   to
                   receive
                   140000
                   *
                   Drachmas
                   .
                   And
                   after
                   he
                   had
                   releas'd
                   all
                   the
                   Prisoners
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   they
                   agreed
                   that
                   Syracuse
                   and
                   all
                   the
                   Cities
                   under
                   his
                   Jurisdiction
                   ,
                   viz.
                   
                     Aera
                     ,
                     Leontinum
                     ,
                     Megara
                     ,
                     Aelora
                     ,
                     Neatina
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Tauromenum
                   should
                   remain
                   in
                   the
                   hands
                   of
                   Hiero
                   In
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   Hannibal
                   was
                   come
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   Xiphonia
                   to
                   the
                   Aid
                   of
                   the
                   King
                   ;
                   but
                   hearing
                   what
                   was
                   done
                   ,
                   March'd
                   back
                   .
                
                 
                   6.
                   
                   The
                   Romans
                   after
                   they
                   had
                   besieg'd
                   the
                   Towns
                   call'd
                   Adrones
                   ,
                   and
                   Macella
                   for
                   a
                   long
                   time
                   together
                   ,
                   at
                   length
                   rais'd
                   their
                   Sieges
                   without
                   effecting
                   any
                   thing
                   .
                
                 
                 
                   7.
                   
                   The
                   Aegestines
                   who
                   were
                   the
                   first
                   brought
                   under
                   the
                   power
                   of
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   ,
                   revolted
                   to
                   the
                   Romans
                   .
                   The
                   Alieneans
                   did
                   the
                   like
                   .
                   But
                   they
                   took
                   
                     H●larius
                     Tyrit●us
                  
                   and
                   Ascelu●
                   by
                   force
                   .
                   The
                   
                     Tyndar
                     〈…〉
                     s
                  
                   seeing
                   themselves
                   deserted
                   (
                   through
                   Fear
                   )
                   design'd
                   to
                   deliver
                   up
                   themselves
                   as
                   the
                   rest
                   had
                   done
                   :
                   but
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   suspecting
                   their
                   design
                   ,
                   took
                   the
                   chiefest
                   of
                   the
                   Citizens
                   for
                   Hostages
                   ,
                   and
                   carry'd
                   them
                   and
                   the
                   Corn
                   and
                   Wine
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Provision
                   that
                   was
                   in
                   the
                   Town
                   to
                   Lilibeum
                   .
                
                 
                   ‖
                   Philemon
                   the
                   Comedian
                   writ
                   97
                   *
                   Comedies
                   ;
                   he
                   liv'd
                   99.
                   
                   ‖
                   .
                   The
                   Romans
                   that
                   besieg'd
                   Agrigentum
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   made
                   the
                   Trenches
                   ,
                   and
                   cast
                   up
                   the
                   Works
                   ,
                   were
                   100000.
                   
                   At
                   length
                   ,
                   after
                   a
                   stout
                   resistance
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   deliver'd
                   up
                   Agrigentum
                   to
                   the
                   Romans
                   .
                
                 
                   8.
                   
                   After
                   the
                   siege
                   of
                   
                     Agrigentum
                     ,
                     Hanno
                  
                   the
                   Elder
                   brought
                   over
                   a
                   great
                   Army
                   out
                   of
                   Africa
                   into
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   of
                   50000
                   Foot
                   ,
                   and
                   6000
                   Horse
                   ,
                   and
                   60
                   Elephants
                   .
                   Philinus
                   the
                   Historian
                   of
                   Agrigentum
                   sets
                   forth
                   this
                   Expedition
                   .
                   Hanno
                   with
                   all
                   these
                   Forces
                   March'd
                   from
                   Lilybeum
                   to
                   Heraclea
                   .
                   About
                   this
                   time
                   some
                   came
                   and
                   offered
                   to
                   deliver
                   up
                   
                     Erbesus
                     .
                     H●nno
                  
                   in
                   Prosecution
                   of
                   the
                   War
                   lost
                   in
                   two
                   Battles
                   3000
                   Foot
                   ,
                   and
                   200
                   Horse
                   ,
                   and
                   4000.
                   —
                   that
                   were
                   taken
                   Prisoners
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   ,
                   30
                   of
                   his
                   Elephants
                   dy'd
                   ,
                   and
                   3
                   were
                   wounded
                   .
                
                 
                   9.
                   
                   There
                   was
                   likewise
                   the
                   City
                   
                     Entellina
                     —
                     Hanno
                  
                   therefore
                   by
                   his
                   prudent
                   management
                   by
                   one
                   Stratagem
                   ,
                   cut
                   off
                   both
                   his
                   open
                   and
                   secret
                   Enemies
                   at
                   onetime
                   .
                   And
                   after
                   they
                   had
                   lain
                   thus
                   before
                   it
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   6
                   Months
                   ,
                   Agrigentum
                   was
                   at
                   length
                   deliver'd
                   up
                   to
                   them
                   ;
                   and
                   they
                   carry'd
                   away
                   above
                   24000
                   as
                   Slaves
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   Romans
                   lost
                   30000
                   Foot
                   ,
                   and
                   540
                   Horse
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   Fin'd
                   Hanno
                   in
                   6000
                   Pieces
                   of
                   Gold
                   ,
                   and
                   took
                   away
                   his
                   Commission
                   ,
                   and
                   sent
                   Amilcar
                   General
                   into
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   in
                   
                   his
                   Room
                   .
                   The
                   Romans
                   then
                   Besieg'd
                   Mystratus
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   that
                   purpose
                   devis'd
                   many
                   Engines
                   :
                   But
                   after
                   7
                   Months
                   time
                   they
                   rais'd
                   their
                   Siege
                   ,
                   with
                   the
                   loss
                   of
                   a
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   their
                   Men.
                   But
                   Amilcar
                   fought
                   with
                   the
                   Romans
                   at
                   Thermas
                   ,
                   and
                   routed
                   them
                   ,
                   killing
                   6000
                   upon
                   the
                   place
                   ;
                   and
                   it
                   was
                   not
                   far
                   from
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   whole
                   Army
                   —
                   The
                   Castle
                   Mazaron
                   was
                   likewise
                   taken
                   by
                   the
                   Romans
                   .
                   Then
                   Camarina
                   was
                   betray'd
                   into
                   the
                   hands
                   of
                   Amilcar
                   the
                   Carthaginian
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   long
                   after
                   Enna
                   in
                   the
                   same
                   manner
                   .
                   There
                   he
                   Wall'd
                   in
                   *
                   Drapanum
                   ,
                   and
                   made
                   it
                   a
                   Town
                   of
                   defence
                   ,
                   and
                   after
                   he
                   had
                   Transplanted
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   of
                   Eryx
                   thither
                   ,
                   he
                   raz'd
                   the
                   City
                   to
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   except
                   that
                   part
                   which
                   surrounded
                   the
                   Temple
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   Romans
                   took
                   Mystratus
                   ,
                   now
                   Besieg'd
                   the
                   3d
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   levell'd
                   it
                   to
                   the
                   Ground
                   ,
                   and
                   sold
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   for
                   Slaves
                   .
                   The
                   Consul
                   afterwards
                   March'd
                   to
                   Camarina
                   ,
                   and
                   laid
                   Siege
                   to
                   it
                   ,
                   but
                   could
                   not
                   reduce
                   it
                   .
                   But
                   at
                   length
                   by
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   some
                   Engines
                   of
                   Battery
                   and
                   other
                   Instruments
                   of
                   War
                   ,
                   sent
                   to
                   him
                   from
                   Hiero
                   ,
                   he
                   wan
                   the
                   Place
                   ,
                   and
                   sold
                   most
                   of
                   the
                   Camarineans
                   for
                   Slaves
                   .
                   Presently
                   after
                   ,
                   he
                   became
                   Master
                   of
                   Enna
                   by
                   Treachery
                   ,
                   where
                   he
                   put
                   the
                   Garison
                   to
                   the
                   Sword
                   ,
                   save
                   some
                   that
                   made
                   their
                   escape
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Town
                   and
                   fled
                   to
                   their
                   Confederates
                   .
                   Thence
                   he
                   March'd
                   to
                   Satana
                   ,
                   and
                   took
                   it
                   by
                   Storm
                   .
                   Then
                   placing
                   Garisons
                   in
                   other
                   Cities
                   ,
                   he
                   made
                   for
                   
                     〈…〉
                     cus
                  
                   ,
                   a
                   Castle
                   belonging
                   to
                   the
                   Agrigentines
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   also
                   betray'd
                   and
                   deliver'd
                   up
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   he
                   plac'd
                   a
                   Garison
                   .
                   About
                   this
                   time
                   Erbesus
                   was
                   deserted
                   by
                   its
                   Inhabitants
                   .
                   —
                   But
                   the
                   River
                   Alycus
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   last
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   other
                   .
                   —
                
                 
                   10.
                   
                   A
                   prudent
                   Man
                   ought
                   either
                   to
                   resolve
                   to
                   Conquer
                   ,
                   or
                   else
                   to
                   submit
                   to
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   Stronger
                   than
                   he
                   .
                
                 
                   11.
                   
                   All
                   men
                   in
                   time
                   of
                   Adversity
                   are
                   apt
                   to
                   be
                   more
                   Religious
                   ,
                   and
                   more
                   frequent
                   in
                   Devotion
                   than
                   at
                   other
                   times
                   :
                   But
                   in
                   times
                   of
                   Prosperity
                   and
                   Success
                   ,
                   they
                   make
                   slight
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   as
                   so
                   many
                   Fables
                   and
                   Romances
                   .
                   And
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   again
                   brought
                   into
                   Troubles
                   ,
                   then
                   they
                   run
                   again
                   to
                   their
                   natural
                   Shelter
                   .
                   —
                
                 
                   12.
                   
                   It
                   's
                   much
                   more
                   easie
                   to
                   get
                   the
                   advantage
                   of
                   an
                   Enemy
                   when
                   a
                   Man
                   will
                   be
                   advis'd
                   ,
                   and
                   be
                   willing
                   upon
                   all
                   occasions
                   to
                   rectifie
                   his
                   own
                   mistakes
                   .
                   And
                   it
                   often
                   happens
                   that
                   they
                   who
                   are
                   carry'd
                   away
                   to
                   the
                   same
                   —
                
                 
                   Many
                   are
                   stirr'd
                   up
                   to
                   Virtue
                   through
                   the
                   Credit
                   and
                   Reputation
                   that
                   attend
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   employ
                   themselves
                   in
                   good
                   and
                   commendable
                   studies
                   ,
                   and
                   exercises
                   .
                   —
                
                 
                   For
                   not
                   being
                   able
                   to
                   bear
                   ,
                   as
                   an
                   over
                   heavy
                   burden
                   the
                   Successes
                   of
                   Fortune
                   heap'd
                   upon
                   him
                   ,
                   he
                   depriv'd
                   himself
                   of
                   most
                   of
                   the
                   glory
                   of
                   his
                   Actions
                   ,
                   and
                   involv'd
                   his
                   Country
                   in
                   great
                   Calamities
                   —
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Romans
                   had
                   Transported
                   a
                   great
                   Army
                   into
                   Africa
                   ,
                   under
                   the
                   Command
                   of
                   Attilias
                   the
                   Consul
                   ,
                   they
                   at
                   first
                   prevail'd
                   over
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   ,
                   and
                   took
                   many
                   of
                   their
                   Towns
                   and
                   Castles
                   ,
                   and
                   destroy'd
                   great
                   numbers
                   of
                   their
                   Soldiers
                   :
                   But
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   *
                   Panthippus
                   the
                   Spartan
                   (
                   whom
                   they
                   had
                   hir'd
                   to
                   be
                   their
                   General
                   )
                   came
                   out
                   of
                   Greece
                   ,
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   totally
                   routed
                   the
                   Romans
                   ,
                   and
                   destroy'd
                   a
                   numerous
                   Army
                   .
                   Afterwards
                   they
                   Fought
                   several
                   Sea-Fights
                   ,
                   wherein
                   the
                   Romans
                   lost
                   many
                   Ships
                   ,
                   and
                   abundance
                   of
                   Men
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   100000.
                   —
                   The
                   honour
                   he
                   had
                   gain'd
                   before
                   ,
                   highly
                   aggravated
                   the
                   disgrace
                   and
                   contempt
                   ;
                   and
                   by
                   
                   his
                   own
                   Example
                   ,
                   he
                   instructed
                   others
                   to
                   carry
                   humbly
                   and
                   modestly
                   when
                   they
                   are
                   in
                   the
                   greatest
                   Power
                   and
                   Authority
                   .
                   And
                   that
                   which
                   stung
                   him
                   most
                   ,
                   was
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   made
                   the
                   Scorn
                   ,
                   and
                   brought
                   into
                   the
                   power
                   of
                   those
                   whom
                   he
                   had
                   before
                   proudly
                   trampled
                   upon
                   in
                   disdain
                   :
                   And
                   now
                   had
                   depriv'd
                   himself
                   of
                   all
                   Pity
                   and
                   Commiseration
                   ,
                   commonly
                   shew'd
                   to
                   Men
                   in
                   Misery
                   and
                   Distress
                   .
                   —
                
                 
                   For
                   those
                   that
                   before
                   were
                   Conquerors
                   in
                   all
                   ,
                   he
                   now
                   altogether
                   Conquer'd
                   :
                   And
                   those
                   that
                   before
                   (
                   through
                   the
                   slaughter
                   made
                   amongst
                   them
                   )
                   expected
                   nothing
                   but
                   utter
                   Destruction
                   .
                   Now
                   ,
                   (
                   by
                   the
                   greatness
                   of
                   the
                   Victory
                   by
                   them
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   hand
                   obtain'd
                   )
                   he
                   caus'd
                   to
                   slight
                   and
                   contemn
                   their
                   Enemies
                   .
                   —
                   For
                   it
                   s
                   no
                   wonder
                   if
                   the
                   Prudence
                   and
                   Experience
                   of
                   a
                   General
                   effect
                   those
                   things
                   which
                   seem
                   to
                   others
                   impossible
                   :
                   for
                   all
                   things
                   are
                   easie
                   and
                   possible
                   to
                   Ingenuity
                   and
                   Diligence
                   ,
                   supported
                   by
                   skill
                   ,
                   acquir'd
                   by
                   Experience
                   .
                   —
                   For
                   as
                   the
                   Body
                   is
                   the
                   servant
                   of
                   the
                   Soul
                   ,
                   so
                   great
                   Armies
                   are
                   govern'd
                   by
                   the
                   Prudence
                   of
                   their
                   Generals
                   .
                   —
                   The
                   Senate
                   ordering
                   all
                   things
                   for
                   the
                   publick
                   good
                   .
                   —
                   Philistus
                   then
                   writ
                   his
                   History
                   .
                   —
                   But
                   the
                   Romans
                   who
                   had
                   pass'd
                   over
                   into
                   Africa
                   ,
                   and
                   fought
                   with
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   a
                   Battle
                   at
                   Sea
                   ,
                   and
                   beaten
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   taken
                   24
                   of
                   their
                   Ships
                   ,
                   after
                   they
                   had
                   taken
                   aboard
                   those
                   Romans
                   that
                   were
                   
                   left
                   of
                   the
                   Land
                   Army
                   ,
                   (
                   as
                   they
                   were
                   Sailing
                   to
                   Sicily
                   )
                   were
                   all
                   Shipwrackt
                   near
                   Camerina
                   ,
                   and
                   lost
                   340
                   Men
                   of
                   War
                   ,
                   besides
                   Vessels
                   for
                   Transporting
                   of
                   Horses
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Transport
                   Ships
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   300
                   :
                   So
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   Coasts
                   from
                   Camerina
                   to
                   Pachynum
                   ,
                   were
                   fill'd
                   with
                   the
                   Carcasses
                   of
                   Men
                   and
                   Horses
                   ,
                   and
                   Wrecks
                   of
                   Ships
                   .
                   Hiero
                   courteously
                   entertain'd
                   those
                   that
                   escap'd
                   ,
                   and
                   supplying
                   them
                   with
                   Meat
                   and
                   Drink
                   ,
                   Cloaths
                   and
                   other
                   necessaries
                   ,
                   convey'd
                   them
                   safe
                   to
                   
                     Messina
                     .
                     Carthalo
                  
                   the
                   Carthaginian
                   after
                   the
                   Shipwrack
                   ,
                   of
                   the
                   Romans
                   ,
                   Besieg'd
                   Agrigentum
                   ,
                   took
                   it
                   and
                   burnt
                   the
                   Town
                   ,
                   and
                   demolish'd
                   the
                   Walls
                   ;
                   and
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   left
                   ,
                   fled
                   to
                   Olympius
                   .
                   The
                   Romans
                   after
                   the
                   Shipwarck
                   Equipp'd
                   out
                   another
                   Fleet
                   of
                   250
                   Sail
                   ,
                   and
                   came
                   to
                   Cephaledium
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   deliver'd
                   up
                   to
                   them
                   by
                   Treachery
                   .
                   Thence
                   they
                   March'd
                   to
                   Drapanus
                   ,
                   and
                   began
                   to
                   Besiege
                   it
                   ,
                   but
                   upon
                   Succours
                   brought
                   in
                   by
                   Carthalo
                   ,
                   they
                   drew
                   off
                   ,
                   and
                   Sail'd
                   to
                   Panormus
                   :
                   There
                   they
                   cast
                   Anchor
                   in
                   the
                   Harbour
                   even
                   under
                   the
                   Walls
                   ,
                   and
                   landed
                   their
                   Army
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   drew
                   a
                   Wall
                   and
                   Trench
                   round
                   the
                   City
                   .
                   And
                   the
                   Country
                   being
                   very
                   wooddy
                   ,
                   even
                   up
                   to
                   the
                   City
                   Gates
                   ,
                   they
                   had
                   the
                   advantage
                   to
                   raise
                   Mounts
                   and
                   Bulwarks
                   all
                   along
                   from
                   Sea
                   to
                   Sea.
                   Then
                   the
                   Romans
                   by
                   continual
                   assaults
                   and
                   batteries
                   beat
                   down
                   the
                   Walls
                   ,
                   and
                   entring
                   the
                   outward
                   Forts
                   ,
                   put
                   many
                   to
                   the
                   Sword
                   ,
                   the
                   rest
                   fled
                   into
                   the
                   old
                   City
                   ,
                   and
                   sent
                   out
                   Commissioners
                   to
                   the
                   Consul
                   to
                   treat
                   for
                   the
                   sparing
                   of
                   their
                   lives
                   .
                   The
                   Conditions
                   were
                   agreed
                   unto
                   ;
                   That
                   every
                   Person
                   that
                   paid
                   2
                   Minas
                   for
                   his
                   head
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   free
                   :
                   Hereupon
                   the
                   Romans
                   entred
                   ,
                   and
                   40000
                   were
                   set
                   free
                   for
                   the
                   Ransom
                   agreed
                   upon
                   ,
                   the
                   rest
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   30000
                   were
                   sold
                   for
                   Slaves
                   ,
                   together
                   with
                   the
                   Spoils
                   .
                   But
                   they
                   of
                   Jetina
                   ,
                   drave
                   out
                   the
                   Carthaginian
                   Garison
                   and
                   deliver'd
                   up
                   the
                   Town
                   to
                   the
                   Romans
                   :
                   The
                   like
                   did
                   the
                   
                     Seluntines
                     ,
                     Petrineans
                     ,
                     Enaterineans
                  
                   and
                   Tyndarites
                   .
                   Then
                   the
                   Consuls
                   leaving
                   a
                   Garison
                   in
                   Panormus
                   March'd
                   away
                   to
                   Messina
                   .
                   The
                   Year
                   following
                   the
                   Romans
                   design'd
                   another
                   Descent
                   into
                   Lybia
                   ,
                   but
                   being
                   prevented
                   from
                   landing
                   by
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   they
                   return'd
                   to
                   Panormus
                   .
                   Thence
                   in
                   their
                   return
                   to
                   R●●e
                   ,
                   by
                   another
                   Tempest
                   they
                   lost
                   150
                   Ships
                   of
                   War
                   ,
                   besides
                   Transport
                   Ships
                   with
                   all
                   their
                   Loading
                   and
                   Provision
                   .
                   About
                   this
                   time
                   the
                   Governour
                   of
                   Therme
                   being
                   abroad
                   about
                   some
                   necessary
                   occasions
                   ,
                   was
                   taken
                   Prisoner
                   by
                   the
                   Roman
                   Army
                   :
                   and
                   during
                   his
                   Confinement
                   he
                   Treated
                   by
                   Messengers
                   with
                   the
                   General
                   to
                   open
                   the
                   Gates
                   of
                   the
                   City
                   to
                   him
                   in
                   the
                   Night
                   if
                   he
                   might
                   be
                   releas'd
                   :
                   The
                   time
                   was
                   agreed
                   upon
                   ,
                   and
                   he
                   was
                   order'd
                   to
                   be
                   discharg'd
                   ,
                   and
                   1000
                   Men
                   were
                   sent
                   thither
                   in
                   the
                   Night
                   ,
                   who
                   came
                   there
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   appointed
                   ,
                   whereupon
                   he
                   open'd
                   the
                   Gates
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   chiefest
                   Persons
                   of
                   Quality
                   only
                   entred
                   ,
                   giving
                   a
                   strict
                   charge
                   to
                   the
                   Guard
                   ,
                   to
                   shut
                   the
                   Gates
                   and
                   suffer
                   none
                   other
                   to
                   enter
                   ;
                   and
                   this
                   they
                   did
                   to
                   the
                   end
                   that
                   none
                   but
                   themselves
                   might
                   have
                   the
                   plunder
                   and
                   pillage
                   of
                   the
                   City
                   ;
                   but
                   they
                   were
                   all
                   presently
                   knock'd
                   on
                   the
                   Head
                   ,
                   a
                   just
                   reward
                   for
                   their
                   Covetousness
                   .
                   But
                   at
                   another
                   time
                   Therme
                   and
                   Lipara
                   were
                   given
                   up
                   into
                   the
                   hands
                   of
                   the
                   Romans
                   .
                   Yet
                   they
                   fail'd
                   of
                   their
                   purpose
                   at
                   the
                   Castle
                   of
                   
                     Er
                     〈…〉
                  
                   ,
                   tho'
                   they
                   besieg'd
                   it
                   with
                   40000
                   Foot
                   ,
                   and
                   1000
                   Horse
                   .
                   —
                
                 
                   Asdrubal
                   the
                   Carthaginian
                   General
                   being
                   ill
                   spoken
                   of
                   by
                   his
                   Soldiers
                   for
                   not
                   sighting
                   ,
                   March'd
                   away
                   with
                   the
                   whole
                   Army
                   ,
                   and
                   came
                   to
                   Panormus
                   through
                   the
                   straits
                   of
                   Selinuntia
                   ,
                   and
                   passing
                   over
                   the
                   River
                   near
                   the
                   Town
                   ,
                   he
                   Encamp'd
                   close
                   to
                   the
                   Walls
                   without
                   Fortifying
                   himself
                   ,
                   in
                   Contempt
                   of
                   the
                   Enemy
                   .
                   And
                   now
                   again
                   plenty
                   of
                   Wine
                   being
                   brought
                   into
                   the
                   Camp
                   by
                   the
                   Merchants
                   ,
                   the
                   Celte
                   made
                   themselves
                   drunk
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   while
                   they
                   were
                   roaring
                   and
                   tearing
                   and
                   filling
                   all
                   places
                   with
                   disorder
                   and
                   confusion
                   ,
                   *
                   Caecilius
                   the
                   Consul
                   broke
                   in
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   totally
                   routed
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   sent
                   60
                   Elephants
                   then
                   taken
                   in
                   the
                   Fight
                   ,
                   to
                   Rome
                   ,
                   which
                   were
                   the
                   admiration
                   of
                   the
                   Romans
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   Out
                   of
                   the
                   24th
                   BOOK
                   .
                
                 
                   Eclog.
                   1.
                   
                   THE
                   Carthaginians
                   ,
                   after
                   they
                   had
                   raz'd
                   the
                   City
                   Selinunte
                   ,
                   transplanted
                   the
                   Citizens
                   to
                   Lilybeum
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   R●mans
                   sail'd
                   with
                   240
                   long
                   Gallies
                   ,
                   and
                   60
                   
                   round
                   Vessels
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   other
                   sorts
                   of
                   Shipping
                   to
                   Panormus
                   ,
                   and
                   thence
                   to
                   Lilybeum
                   ,
                   which
                   now
                   they
                   began
                   to
                   besiege
                   ;
                   and
                   fortify'd
                   themselves
                   by
                   a
                   Trench
                   drawn
                   all
                   along
                   from
                   Sea
                   to
                   Sea.
                   Then
                   they
                   prepar'd
                   them
                   *
                   Engines
                   to
                   cast
                   Stones
                   ,
                   battering
                   Rams
                   and
                   *
                   Engines
                   not
                   only
                   to
                   batter
                   ,
                   but
                   pluck
                   the
                   Stones
                   by
                   violence
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Walls
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   other
                   things
                   necessary
                   for
                   the
                   raising
                   of
                   Mounts
                   and
                   Bulwarks
                   .
                   Then
                   they
                   fill'd
                   15
                   of
                   their
                   round
                   Vessels
                   with
                   Stones
                   ,
                   and
                   cast
                   them
                   into
                   the
                   Mouth
                   of
                   the
                   Harbour
                   to
                   choak
                   it
                   up
                   .
                   The
                   Roman
                   Army
                   amounted
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   110000
                   Men
                   ,
                   of
                   whom
                   60000
                   Foot
                   and
                   700
                   Horse
                   were
                   order'd
                   to
                   carry
                   on
                   the
                   Siege
                   .
                   But
                   4000
                   Men
                   with
                   Corn
                   and
                   Provision
                   were
                   sent
                   from
                   Carthage
                   to
                   the
                   Besieged
                   ,
                   which
                   greatly
                   heartned
                   them
                   and
                   *
                   Atarbus
                   their
                   Governor
                   .
                   When
                   the
                   Romans
                   understood
                   that
                   Relief
                   was
                   got
                   into
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   they
                   fill'd
                   up
                   the
                   Mouth
                   of
                   the
                   Harbour
                   a
                   second
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   made
                   a
                   Bomb
                   with
                   Anchors
                   and
                   great
                   Pieces
                   of
                   Timber
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   Wind
                   which
                   then
                   blew
                   high
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   violent
                   Surges
                   of
                   the
                   Sea
                   ,
                   broke
                   all
                   asunder
                   .
                   The
                   Romans
                   likewise
                   made
                   another
                   *
                   Engine
                   to
                   cast
                   mighty
                   Stones
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   rais'd
                   another
                   Wall
                   within
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Romans
                   fill'd
                   up
                   the
                   City
                   Trench
                   with
                   Earth
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   60
                   Cubits
                   broad
                   ,
                   and
                   40
                   deep
                   .
                   And
                   whilst
                   a
                   Skirmish
                   was
                   fought
                   on
                   that
                   side
                   of
                   the
                   Walls
                   towards
                   the
                   Sea
                   ,
                   the
                   R●mans
                   plac'd
                   an
                   Ambush
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Soldiers
                   within
                   making
                   Sallies
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Town
                   to
                   help
                   them
                   that
                   were
                   engag'd
                   at
                   the
                   Sea-side
                   ,
                   those
                   that
                   lay
                   in
                   Ambush
                   (
                   having
                   Scaling-Ladders
                   ready
                   mounted
                   )
                   gain'd
                   the
                   first
                   Wall
                   ;
                   which
                   being
                   known
                   ,
                   the
                   Carthaginian
                   Commander
                   fell
                   furiously
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   kill'd
                   10000
                   upon
                   the
                   Place
                   ,
                   and
                   put
                   the
                   rest
                   to
                   flight
                   ,
                   and
                   burnt
                   all
                   the
                   Roman
                   Engines
                   ,
                   battering
                   Rams
                   ,
                   Instruments
                   to
                   cast
                   Stones
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   their
                   Works
                   and
                   Fortifications
                   .
                   After
                   this
                   ,
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   seeing
                   that
                   their
                   Horse
                   was
                   of
                   no
                   use
                   to
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   strait
                   and
                   narrow
                   Passages
                   ,
                   sent
                   them
                   away
                   to
                   Drapanum
                   .
                   Then
                   presently
                   came
                   in
                   strong
                   Recruits
                   to
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   ;
                   but
                   the
                   Romans
                   (
                   by
                   the
                   burning
                   of
                   their
                   Engines
                   ,
                   and
                   through
                   want
                   of
                   Provision
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   breaking
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Plague
                   amongst
                   them
                   ,
                   )
                   were
                   reduc'd
                   to
                   great
                   Straits
                   ,
                   (
                   for
                   only
                   the
                   Romans
                   and
                   their
                   Confederates
                   eat
                   Flesh
                   ,
                   )
                   and
                   so
                   a
                   great
                   Distemper
                   seiz'd
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   a
                   very
                   few
                   days
                   there
                   dy'd
                   10000
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   they
                   were
                   very
                   earnest
                   to
                   breast
                   up
                   the
                   Siege
                   ;
                   but
                   Hiero
                   ,
                   King
                   of
                   Syracuse
                   ,
                   sent
                   them
                   a
                   great
                   quantity
                   of
                   Corn
                   ,
                   which
                   again
                   encourag'd
                   them
                   to
                   continue
                   .
                   Afterwards
                   the
                   Romans
                   chose
                   another
                   Consul
                   ,
                   and
                   gave
                   the
                   Command
                   of
                   the
                   Army
                   to
                   Claudius
                   the
                   Consul
                   ,
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Appius
                   ,
                   who
                   taking
                   charge
                   of
                   the
                   Army
                   ,
                   stop'd
                   up
                   the
                   Mouth
                   of
                   the
                   Port
                   as
                   his
                   Predecessor
                   had
                   done
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Sea
                   bore
                   down
                   and
                   carry'd
                   all
                   away
                   again
                   .
                   Moreover
                   Claudius
                   thinking
                   himself
                   able
                   to
                   do
                   great
                   Things
                   ,
                   furnish'd
                   out
                   210
                   of
                   the
                   best
                   Ships
                   ,
                   and
                   arriv'd
                   at
                   Drapanum
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   engag'd
                   with
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   in
                   a
                   Sea-fight
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   beaten
                   ,
                   and
                   lost
                   117
                   of
                   his
                   Ships
                   ,
                   and
                   20000
                   Men.
                   There
                   never
                   happen'd
                   so
                   great
                   a
                   Fight
                   at
                   Sea
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   absolute
                   a
                   Victory
                   ,
                   either
                   among
                   
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   ,
                   or
                   any
                   other
                   about
                   these
                   times
                   ;
                   and
                   that
                   which
                   was
                   more
                   to
                   be
                   admir'd
                   was
                   ,
                   That
                   tho'
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   were
                   in
                   so
                   great
                   Danger
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   only
                   90
                   Sail
                   ,
                   yet
                   they
                   lost
                   not
                   one
                   Man
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   but
                   a
                   very
                   few
                   wounded
                   .
                   —
                   With
                   30
                   Sail
                   ,
                   
                   which
                   intercepted
                   the
                   Corn
                   and
                   Provision
                   belonging
                   to
                   the
                   Romans
                   ,
                   and
                   carry'd
                   it
                   to
                   Drapanum
                   ,
                   and
                   taking
                   thence
                   what
                   remain'd
                   that
                   was
                   useful
                   ,
                   they
                   came
                   to
                   Lilybeum
                   ,
                   and
                   loaded
                   the
                   Besieg'd
                   with
                   all
                   kind
                   of
                   Provision
                   .
                   And
                   now
                   Carthalo
                   the
                   General
                   came
                   from
                   Carthage
                   with
                   70
                   long
                   Ships
                   or
                   Men
                   of
                   War
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   many
                   loaden
                   with
                   Corn
                   ,
                   who
                   also
                   set
                   upon
                   the
                   Romans
                   and
                   sunk
                   some
                   of
                   their
                   Vessels
                   ,
                   and
                   carry'd
                   off
                   four
                   others
                   that
                   lay
                   at
                   Anchor
                   .
                   But
                   after
                   he
                   heard
                   that
                   the
                   Roman
                   Fleet
                   was
                   set
                   forth
                   from
                   Syracuse
                   ,
                   having
                   call'd
                   a
                   Council
                   of
                   War
                   ,
                   he
                   went
                   out
                   to
                   Sea
                   against
                   them
                   with
                   220
                   Sail
                   of
                   the
                   best
                   Ships
                   he
                   had
                   .
                   When
                   the
                   Fleets
                   came
                   in
                   sight
                   one
                   of
                   another
                   near
                   the
                   Coasts
                   of
                   Gela
                   ,
                   the
                   Romans
                   (
                   struck
                   with
                   a
                   Pannick
                   Fear
                   )
                   attack'd
                   about
                   and
                   hasted
                   to
                   Phintiades
                   ,
                   leaving
                   all
                   their
                   Transport
                   Ships
                   loaden
                   with
                   Provision
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Vessels
                   ,
                   behind
                   them
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   making
                   a
                   swift
                   Pursuit
                   after
                   them
                   ,
                   there
                   happened
                   a
                   fierce
                   Engagement
                   ;
                   In
                   which
                   ,
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   sunk
                   50
                   of
                   their
                   great
                   Men
                   of
                   War
                   ,
                   and
                   60
                   other
                   long
                   Gallies
                   ,
                   
                   and
                   disabled
                   13.
                   
                   After
                   the
                   Fight
                   ,
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   sail'd
                   to
                   the
                   River
                   Alycus
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   took
                   care
                   of
                   their
                   wounded
                   Men.
                   In
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   ,
                   Junius
                   the
                   Consul
                   not
                   knowing
                   what
                   was
                   done
                   ,
                   loos'd
                   from
                   Messina
                   with
                   36
                   long
                   Gallies
                   and
                   many
                   Ships
                   of
                   Burden
                   ,
                   and
                   having
                   pass'd
                   Pachynus
                   ,
                   and
                   gain'd
                   the
                   Port
                   of
                   Phintiades
                   ,
                   upon
                   Intelligence
                   of
                   what
                   had
                   happen'd
                   he
                   was
                   amaz'd
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   making
                   up
                   upon
                   him
                   with
                   their
                   whole
                   Navy
                   ,
                   he
                   burnt
                   12
                   of
                   the
                   most
                   useless
                   of
                   his
                   own
                   Ships
                   ,
                   and
                   sail'd
                   with
                   the
                   rest
                   towards
                   
                   Syracuse
                   ,
                   hoping
                   to
                   be
                   secur'd
                   by
                   Hiero.
                   But
                   near
                   Camarina
                   a
                   Storm
                   arose
                   ,
                   which
                   drave
                   him
                   upon
                   the
                   Shallows
                   and
                   Rocks
                   ,
                   the
                   Winds
                   being
                   very
                   fierce
                   and
                   boistrous
                   :
                   But
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   having
                   recover'd
                   Pachynus
                   ,
                   anchor'd
                   in
                   a
                   safe
                   and
                   secure
                   Harbour
                   .
                   The
                   Romans
                   being
                   thus
                   distress'd
                   ,
                   lost
                   all
                   their
                   Transport
                   Sips
                   of
                   Corn
                   and
                   Provision
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   105
                   long
                   Gallies
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   there
                   were
                   only
                   two
                   that
                   escap'd
                   ,
                   and
                   most
                   of
                   their
                   Men
                   perish'd
                   .
                   Junius
                   with
                   those
                   two
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   Men
                   that
                   were
                   preserv'd
                   ,
                   came
                   to
                   the
                   Camp
                   at
                   *
                   Lilybeum
                   :
                   He
                   surpriz'd
                   Erix
                   in
                   the
                   night
                   ,
                   and
                   wall'd
                   Aegothalus
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   now
                   call'd
                   Acellus
                   ,
                   and
                   put
                   in
                   there
                   a
                   Garrison
                   of
                   800
                   Men.
                   But
                   when
                   Carthalo
                   had
                   intelligence
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Places
                   about
                   Eryx
                   were
                   possess'd
                   by
                   the
                   Enemy
                   ,
                   he
                   wasted
                   thither
                   a
                   considerable
                   Body
                   of
                   Men
                   in
                   the
                   night
                   ,
                   and
                   assaulted
                   the
                   Garrison
                   of
                   Agothalus
                   and
                   took
                   the
                   Castle
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   succeeding
                   in
                   his
                   Design
                   ;
                   some
                   he
                   put
                   to
                   the
                   Sword
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   fled
                   to
                   Eryx
                   ,
                   where
                   was
                   a
                   Garrison
                   of
                   3000
                   Men.
                   In
                   the
                   first
                   Sea-fight
                   the
                   Romans
                   lost
                   35000
                   Men
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   many
                   were
                   taken
                   Prisoners
                   .
                
                 
                   11.
                   
                   In
                   the
                   Territory
                   of
                   Catana
                   there
                   was
                   a
                   Castle
                   call'd
                   Italium
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   assaulted
                   by
                   Barcas
                   the
                   
                     Carthaginian
                     .
                  
                   —
                   For
                   the
                   Counsels
                   and
                   Stratagems
                   of
                   the
                   Commanders
                   being
                   communicated
                   to
                   their
                   Friends
                   ,
                   were
                   discover'd
                   by
                   some
                   Deserters
                   to
                   the
                   Enemy
                   ,
                   which
                   terrifi'd
                   the
                   Soldiers
                   ,
                   and
                   possess'd
                   them
                   with
                   an
                   expectation
                   of
                   some
                   imminent
                   Danger
                   .
                   But
                   Barcas
                   arriving
                   there
                   in
                   the
                   night
                   ,
                   landed
                   his
                   Men
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   led
                   them
                   to
                   Eryx
                   (
                   which
                   was
                   30
                   Stages
                   distant
                   )
                   and
                   took
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   and
                   put
                   most
                   of
                   them
                   to
                   the
                   Sword
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   that
                   surviv'd
                   he
                   remov'd
                   to
                   *
                   
                     Drapanum
                     .
                  
                   —
                   Always
                   and
                   in
                   every
                   Concern
                   it
                   's
                   known
                   by
                   Experience
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Observance
                   of
                   good
                   Rule
                   and
                   Order
                   has
                   produc'd
                   many
                   good
                   and
                   great
                   Effects
                   .
                   —
                
                 
                   12.
                   
                   But
                   Calatinus
                   the
                   Consul
                   sail'd
                   into
                   Sicily
                   with
                   300
                   long
                   Gallies
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Shipping
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   1000
                   in
                   the
                   whole
                   ,
                   and
                   cast
                   Anchor
                   at
                   the
                   Mart-Town
                   of
                   the
                   
                     Eryceans
                     .
                     Hanno
                  
                   likewise
                   arriv'd
                   *
                   in
                   the
                   
                     Sacred
                     Island
                  
                   from
                   Carthage
                   with
                   250
                   long
                   Gallies
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Ships
                   of
                   Burden
                   ;
                   thence
                   he
                   came
                   to
                   
                     Eryx
                     .
                  
                   —
                   The
                   Romans
                   fell
                   on
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   sharp
                   and
                   obstinate
                   Engagement
                   there
                   was
                   on
                   both
                   sides
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   lost
                   117
                   Ships
                   ,
                   and
                   among
                   those
                   20
                   with
                   all
                   their
                   Men.
                   But
                   the
                   Romans
                   —
                   80
                   ,
                   30
                   *
                   for
                   their
                   own
                   Charge
                   and
                   Expence
                   ,
                   and
                   50
                   to
                   divide
                   for
                   Spoil
                   ,
                   and
                   6000
                   Prisoners
                   ,
                   (
                   as
                   Philinus
                   reports
                   ,
                   )
                   but
                   as
                   others
                   4040
                   ;
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Fleet
                   got
                   safe
                   with
                   a
                   fair
                   Wind
                   to
                   
                     Carthage
                     .
                  
                   —
                   For
                   Valour
                   signifi'd
                   nothing
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   Fleet
                   was
                   so
                   dispers'd
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   had
                   no
                   body
                   to
                   fly
                   unto
                   ,
                   but
                   was
                   by
                   the
                   Sea
                   (
                   as
                   it
                   were
                   )
                   deliver'd
                   up
                   into
                   the
                   hands
                   of
                   the
                   Enemy
                   .
                   So
                   
                   that
                   after
                   the
                   War
                   had
                   continu'd
                   between
                   the
                   Romans
                   and
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   24
                   years
                   ,
                   and
                   Lilybeum
                   had
                   been
                   besieg'd
                   10
                   years
                   ,
                   a
                   Peace
                   was
                   concluded
                   .
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   Out
                   of
                   the
                   25th
                   BOOK
                   .
                
                 
                   1.
                   
                   EPicurus
                   the
                   Philosopher
                   ,
                   in
                   his
                   Book
                   call'd
                   Maximus
                   ,
                   saith
                   ,
                   
                     That
                     a
                     Righteous
                     Life
                     is
                     void
                     of
                     all
                     Trouble
                     and
                     Disturbance
                     ;
                     but
                     an
                     Unrighteous
                     ,
                     nothing
                     but
                     Trouble
                     and
                     Sorrow
                     .
                  
                   
                   It
                   contains
                   much
                   Matter
                   in
                   brief
                   and
                   certain
                   Sentences
                   ,
                   tending
                   greatly
                   to
                   the
                   Reformation
                   of
                   the
                   Manners
                   and
                   Lives
                   of
                   Men
                   :
                   For
                   Injustice
                   is
                   the
                   greatest
                   of
                   all
                   Evils
                   ,
                   involving
                   not
                   only
                   private
                   Men
                   ,
                   but
                   (
                   that
                   we
                   may
                   sum
                   up
                   all
                   at
                   once
                   )
                   Nations
                   ,
                   Kings
                   and
                   Kingdoms
                   ,
                   in
                   most
                   miserable
                   Calamities
                   .
                   —
                   For
                   the
                   Spaniards
                   gall
                   them
                   of
                   the
                   Baleary
                   Islands
                   ,
                   
                     Africans
                     ,
                     Carthaginians
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Ligureans
                   ,
                   join'd
                   with
                   them
                   of
                   Carthage
                   .
                   And
                   
                   the
                   Slaves
                   ,
                   whose
                   Parents
                   were
                   Grecians
                   ,
                   on
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   who
                   also
                   rebell'd
                   .
                   —
                   Then
                   it
                   was
                   perfectly
                   learnt
                   by
                   Experience
                   ,
                   how
                   far
                   the
                   Diligence
                   of
                   an
                   expert
                   Commander
                   excell'd
                   the
                   blind
                   and
                   heady
                   Vulgar
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   rash
                   and
                   ignorant
                   Conduct
                   of
                   a
                   rude
                   Common
                   Soldier
                   .
                   —
                   So
                   excellent
                   a
                   thing
                   is
                   Modesty
                   in
                   Commanding
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   enjoins
                   nothing
                   beyond
                   the
                   Power
                   of
                   Men.
                   —
                   But
                   after
                   their
                   departure
                   out
                   of
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   the
                   Carthaginian
                   Mercenaries
                   rose
                   up
                   in
                   Arms
                   against
                   them
                   for
                   these
                   Reasons
                   .
                   —
                   They
                   were
                   unreasonable
                   and
                   excessive
                   in
                   their
                   Demands
                   for
                   the
                   Horses
                   and
                   Men
                   which
                   they
                   had
                   lost
                   in
                   
                     Sicily
                     .
                  
                   —
                   And
                   they
                   were
                   in
                   War
                   one
                   with
                   another
                   4
                   Years
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   many
                   Months
                   .
                   But
                   at
                   length
                   they
                   were
                   put
                   to
                   Death
                   by
                   Barcas
                   the
                   General
                   ,
                   who
                   had
                   likewise
                   perform'd
                   notable
                   Service
                   in
                   Sicily
                   against
                   the
                   Romans
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   But
                   Amilcar
                   the
                   Carthaginian
                   General
                   in
                   a
                   short
                   time
                   enlarg'd
                   the
                   Bounds
                   of
                   his
                   Country
                   ;
                   for
                   he
                   advanc'd
                   with
                   his
                   Fleet
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Pillars
                   of
                   Hercules
                   and
                   the
                   *
                   Gades
                   .
                   This
                   City
                   is
                   a
                   Colony
                   of
                   the
                   Phenicians
                   ,
                   lying
                   in
                   the
                   farthest
                   Corner
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   on
                   the
                   Sea
                   side
                   ,
                   and
                   hath
                   an
                   Haven
                   .
                   Having
                   subdu'd
                   the
                   Iberians
                   and
                   the
                   Tartesians
                   with
                   Istolotius
                   
                   
                   the
                   General
                   of
                   the
                   Celtae
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   Brother
                   ,
                   he
                   put
                   most
                   of
                   them
                   to
                   the
                   Sword
                   ,
                   amongst
                   
                   whom
                   were
                   the
                   Two
                   Brothers
                   ,
                   and
                   several
                   other
                   Honourable
                   Persons
                   :
                   And
                   he
                   receiv'd
                   into
                   his
                   own
                   Army
                   3000
                   of
                   them
                   that
                   were
                   prisoners
                   .
                   But
                   Endort●s
                   got
                   again
                   together
                   50000
                   Men
                   ,
                   but
                   fled
                   before
                   he
                   engag'd
                   ,
                   and
                   betook
                   himself
                   to
                   an
                   high
                   Hill
                   :
                   where
                   being
                   beset
                   and
                   blockt
                   up
                   by
                   Amilcar
                   ,
                   he
                   fled
                   away
                   again
                   in
                   the
                   night
                   ,
                   and
                   most
                   of
                   his
                   Army
                   were
                   cut
                   off
                   .
                   Indortes
                   himself
                   at
                   length
                   fell
                   into
                   the
                   Enemies
                   hands
                   ,
                   and
                   Amilcar
                   put
                   out
                   his
                   Eies
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   with
                   many
                   Scoffs
                   and
                   Scorns
                   Crucify'd
                   him
                   .
                   But
                   he
                   discharg'd
                   above
                   10000
                   other
                   prisoners
                   ,
                   and
                   took
                   in
                   many
                   Cities
                   ,
                   some
                   by
                   f●ir
                   Promises
                   and
                   persuasions
                   :
                   and
                   others
                   by
                   force
                   .
                   Then
                   Asdrubal
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Amilcar
                   being
                   sent
                   by
                   his
                   Father-in-law
                   to
                   Carthage
                   against
                   the
                   Numidians
                   (
                   who
                   had
                   rebell'd
                   against
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   )
                   kill'd
                   8000
                   ,
                   and
                   took
                   2000
                   prisoners
                   :
                   The
                   rest
                   were
                   subdu'd
                   and
                   brought
                   under
                   Tribute
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   Amilcar
                   having
                   gain'd
                   many
                   Cities
                   in
                   Spain
                   ,
                   built
                   a
                   very
                   large
                   Town
                   ,
                   which
                   from
                   its
                   situation
                   he
                   call'd
                   
                     Acra
                     Leuca
                  
                   ;
                   having
                   afterwards
                   besieg'd
                   the
                   City
                   *
                   Helice
                   ,
                   he
                   sent
                   away
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   his
                   Army
                   ,
                   and
                   Elephants
                   into
                   their
                   Winter
                   Quarters
                   to
                   the
                   City
                   he
                   had
                   lately
                   built
                   ,
                   and
                   continu'd
                   with
                   the
                   rest
                   at
                   the
                   Siege
                   .
                   But
                   Orisso
                   the
                   King
                   (
                   under
                   pretence
                   of
                   coming
                   in
                   as
                   a
                   Friend
                   to
                   join
                   with
                   Amilcar
                   )
                   sucour'd
                   the
                   Besieg'd
                   ,
                   and
                   forc'd
                   Amilcar
                   to
                   fly
                   and
                   raise
                   his
                   Siege
                   ;
                   his
                   Sons
                   *
                   and
                   Friends
                   he
                   order'd
                   for
                   their
                   safety
                   ,
                   to
                   take
                   one
                   way
                   by
                   themselves
                   ,
                   and
                   he
                   himself
                   pass'd
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   being
                   hotly
                   pursu'd
                   by
                   the
                   King
                   ,
                   in
                   taking
                   a
                   great
                   River
                   he
                   was
                   forc'd
                   off
                   his
                   Horse
                   by
                   the
                   violence
                   of
                   the
                   Stream
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   drowned
                   :
                   But
                   Hanniball
                   and
                   Asdruball
                   his
                   Sons
                   got
                   safe
                   to
                   
                     Acra
                     Leuca
                  
                   ,
                   or
                   the
                   
                     White
                     Citadell
                     ,
                     —
                  
                   —
                   And
                   tho'
                   Amilcar
                   
                   dy'd
                   many
                   Ages
                   before
                   our
                   time
                   ,
                   yet
                   History
                   has
                   left
                   an
                   Epitaph
                   and
                   Commemoration
                   of
                   his
                   due
                   praise
                   .
                   But
                   Asdrubal
                   his
                   Son-in-law
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   he
                   heard
                   of
                   his
                   Father-in
                   law's
                   death
                   ,
                   forthwith
                   marched
                   away
                   ,
                   and
                   came
                   to
                   Acra
                   with
                   above
                   100
                   Elephants
                   .
                   Being
                   chosen
                   General
                   by
                   the
                   Army
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Carthaginians
                   ,
                   he
                   pickt
                   out
                   50000
                   Foot
                   of
                   old
                   experienc'd
                   Soldiers
                   ,
                   6000
                   Horse
                   ,
                   and
                   200
                   Elephants
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   he
                   ruin'd
                   and
                   broke
                   in
                   pieces
                   King
                   Orisso
                   ,
                   then
                   he
                   put
                   to
                   the
                   Sword
                   all
                   that
                   were
                   the
                   occasion
                   of
                   
                   Amilcar's
                   
                   flight
                   ,
                   and
                   got
                   possession
                   of
                   Twelve
                   Cities
                   :
                   and
                   at
                   length
                   all
                   the
                   Cities
                   of
                   Spain
                   .
                   And
                   having
                   now
                   celebrated
                   a
                   new
                   Marriage
                   ,
                   and
                   taken
                   the
                   Daughter
                   of
                   the
                   King
                   of
                   Spain
                   to
                   Wife
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   invested
                   with
                   full
                   Power
                   in
                   the
                   Government
                   ,
                   by
                   all
                   the
                   Spaniards
                   .
                   He
                   afterwards
                   built
                   a
                   City
                   by
                   the
                   Sea-side
                   which
                   he
                   call'd
                   Carthage
                   ,
                   and
                   after
                   this
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   aspir'd
                   to
                   exceed
                   Amilcar
                   in
                   Power
                   and
                   Greatness
                   .
                   He
                   had
                   in
                   his
                   Army
                   60000
                   
                   Foot
                   ,
                   8000
                   Horse
                   ,
                   and
                   200
                   Elephants
                   .
                   But
                   at
                   length
                   he
                   was
                   assassinated
                   by
                   one
                   of
                   his
                   own
                   Houshold
                   ,
                   having
                   been
                   General
                   Nine
                   Years
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   The
                   Celtae
                   with
                   the
                   Gauls
                   entring
                   into
                   a
                   War
                   against
                   the
                   Romans
                   ,
                   rais'd
                   an
                   Army
                   
                   of
                   200000
                   Men
                   ;
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   First
                   Battle
                   were
                   victorious
                   ;
                   and
                   likewise
                   in
                   the
                   Second
                   ,
                   wherein
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Roman
                   Consuls
                   were
                   kill'd
                   :
                   tho'
                   the
                   Romans
                   had
                   an
                   Army
                   of
                   70000
                   Foot
                   and
                   7000
                   Horse
                   .
                   However
                   ,
                   tho'
                   they
                   were
                   worsted
                   in
                   the
                   Two
                   First
                   Battles
                   ,
                   yet
                   in
                   the
                   Third
                   they
                   gain'd
                   a
                   signal
                   Victory
                   ,
                   killing
                   40000
                   upon
                   the
                   place
                   ,
                   and
                   taking
                   the
                   rest
                   prisoners
                   —
                   So
                   that
                   the
                   greatest
                   of
                   their
                   Kings
                   cut
                   his
                   own
                   Throat
                   :
                   but
                   the
                   other
                   was
                   taken
                   alive
                   .
                   After
                   this
                   brave
                   Exploit
                   ,
                   Aemilius
                   being
                   made
                   Consul
                   ,
                   wasted
                   the
                   Country
                   of
                   the
                   Gauls
                   and
                   Celtae
                   ,
                   and
                   took
                   in
                   many
                   Cities
                   and
                   Castles
                   ,
                   and
                   filled
                   the
                   City
                   of
                   Rome
                   with
                   Spoils
                   .
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   Hiero
                   King
                   of
                   Syracuse
                   supply'd
                   the
                   Romans
                   with
                   Corn
                   in
                   the
                   Celtick
                   War
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   paid
                   for
                   it
                   when
                   the
                   War
                   was
                   ended
                   .
                
                 
                   5.
                   
                   The
                   Army
                   wanting
                   a
                   General
                   after
                   Asdrubal
                   was
                   slain
                   ,
                   the
                   Charthaginians
                   unanimously
                   
                   chose
                   Hannibal
                   the
                   Eldest
                   Son
                   of
                   Amilcar
                   to
                   be
                   their
                   General
                   —
                   While
                   the
                   City
                   Seguntum
                   was
                   Besieg'd
                   by
                   Hanniball
                   ,
                   the
                   Citizens
                   got
                   together
                   all
                   the
                   Riches
                   in
                   the
                   
                   Temples
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   the
                   Silver
                   and
                   Gold
                   in
                   the
                   Houses
                   ,
                   nay
                   ,
                   till
                   it
                   came
                   to
                   the
                   Jewels
                   in
                   the
                   Womens
                   Ears
                   ,
                   and
                   laid
                   them
                   on
                   an
                   heap
                   ,
                   and
                   melted
                   them
                   down
                   ,
                   mixing
                   Brass
                   and
                   Lead
                   with
                   the
                   Gold
                   and
                   Silver
                   to
                   make
                   them
                   useless
                   and
                   invaluable
                   :
                   and
                   having
                   so
                   done
                   ,
                   they
                   all
                   valiantly
                   made
                   a
                   Sally
                   ,
                   and
                   fought
                   it
                   out
                   to
                   the
                   last
                   Man
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   dy'd
                   upon
                   the
                   place
                   ,
                   not
                   without
                   a
                   great
                   slaughter
                   first
                   made
                   of
                   their
                   Enemies
                   .
                   The
                   Mothers
                   likewise
                   first
                   kill'd
                   their
                   own
                   Children
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   stifled
                   themselves
                   by
                   the
                   smoak
                   of
                   the
                   Furnaces
                   .
                   And
                   so
                   Hanniball
                   gain'd
                   the
                   Town
                   without
                   any
                   benefit
                   of
                   Plunder
                   :
                   whom
                   when
                   the
                   Romans
                   demanded
                   to
                   be
                   brought
                   to
                   Trial
                   for
                   his
                   breach
                   of
                   the
                   League
                   ,
                   and
                   could
                   not
                   prevail
                   ,
                   they
                   began
                   the
                   War
                   call'd
                   the
                   
                     Hannibal
                     War.
                  
                   
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   Out
                   of
                   the
                   26th
                   BOOK
                   .
                
                 
                   Eclog.
                   1.
                   
                   THere
                   was
                   never
                   any
                   Poet
                   or
                   Historian
                   ,
                   or
                   any
                   Learned
                   Man
                   of
                   what
                   Science
                   
                   soever
                   ,
                   that
                   could
                   please
                   all
                   their
                   Readers
                   in
                   every
                   thing
                   .
                   Neither
                   can
                   any
                   thing
                   that
                   is
                   mortal
                   ,
                   tho'
                   it
                   attain
                   its
                   end
                   and
                   design
                   ,
                   gain
                   the
                   general
                   approbation
                   of
                   all
                   ,
                   so
                   as
                   to
                   be
                   wholly
                   free
                   from
                   Exception
                   and
                   Censure
                   .
                   For
                   neither
                   *
                   Phidias
                   who
                   was
                   so
                   admir'd
                   for
                   his
                   Ivory
                   Images
                   :
                   Nor
                   *
                   Praxiles
                   that
                   excellent
                   Stone-cutter
                   :
                   Nor
                   Appelles
                   or
                   Parrasius
                   ,
                   who
                   attain'd
                   to
                   the
                   highest
                   pitch
                   of
                   Art
                   and
                   Skill
                   in
                   Limning
                   and
                   Painting
                   ,
                   could
                   ever
                   reach
                   to
                   that
                   degree
                   of
                   Happiness
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   exhibit
                   any
                   piece
                   of
                   their
                   several
                   Arts
                   ,
                   that
                   was
                   not
                   in
                   some
                   respect
                   capable
                   of
                   Censure
                   .
                   For
                   who
                   was
                   a
                   more
                   Famous
                   Poet
                   than
                   Homer
                   ;
                   or
                   an
                   Orator
                   than
                   Demosthenes
                   ?
                   Who
                   more
                   Just
                   than
                   Aristides
                   and
                   Solon
                   ?
                   yet
                   join'd
                   as
                   a
                   Flaw
                   to
                   all
                   their
                   Excellencies
                   there
                   is
                   an
                   Oration
                   that
                   carps
                   at
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   makes
                   them
                   as
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   all
                   ignorant
                   Fellows
                   .
                   For
                   indeed
                   being
                   but
                   Men
                   ,
                   altho'
                   they
                   attained
                   to
                   eminent
                   Perfection
                   in
                   their
                   several
                   Accomplishments
                   ,
                   yet
                   through
                   Human
                   Frailty
                   ,
                   they
                   fail'd
                   and
                   mistook
                   in
                   many
                   things
                   .
                   However
                   ,
                   some
                   Men
                   there
                   are
                   who
                   discover
                   both
                   their
                   Envy
                   and
                   Folly
                   ,
                   who
                   wilfully
                   omit
                   to
                   give
                   an
                   account
                   of
                   what
                   is
                   commendable
                   and
                   praise-worthy
                   ;
                   but
                   where
                   they
                   have
                   any
                   colour
                   to
                   find
                   fault
                   ,
                   there
                   they
                   fix
                   ,
                   and
                   are
                   unwilling
                   ever
                   to
                   leave
                   it
                   ,
                   endeavouring
                   by
                   blackning
                   another
                   ,
                   to
                   set
                   forth
                   the
                   more
                   their
                   own
                   Worth
                   and
                   Excellencies
                   ;
                   not
                   considering
                   that
                   every
                   Art
                   and
                   peculiar
                   Accomplishment
                   is
                   more
                   to
                   be
                   judg'd
                   of
                   by
                   enquiry
                   into
                   the
                   thing
                   it self
                   ,
                   than
                   by
                   making
                   conclusions
                   from
                   the
                   partial
                   and
                   peevish
                   Passion
                   of
                   another
                   ,
                   But
                   any
                   would
                   admire
                   this
                   industrious
                   Folly
                   of
                   Detraction
                   ,
                   whereby
                   a
                   person
                   by
                   blackening
                   another
                   ,
                   in
                   truth
                   loses
                   his
                   own
                   Reputation
                   .
                   —
                   There
                   are
                   some
                   things
                   that
                   by
                   *
                   a
                   blind
                   instinct
                   ,
                   are
                   naturally
                   hurtful
                   ,
                   as
                   Frost
                   ,
                   and
                   Snow
                   burn
                   and
                   blast
                   the
                   fairest
                   and
                   most
                   pleasant
                   Fruits
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   resplendent
                   Whiteness
                   of
                   the
                   Snow
                   so
                   dazles
                   the
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   almost
                   deprives
                   them
                   of
                   their
                   Sight
                   :
                   and
                   so
                   some
                   Men
                   that
                   have
                   neither
                   Wit
                   nor
                   Will
                   to
                   do
                   any
                   thing
                   that
                   is
                   commendable
                   themselves
                   ,
                   yet
                   have
                   Malice
                   and
                   Folly
                   enough
                   naturally
                   ,
                   to
                   judge
                   and
                   condemn
                   the
                   Actions
                   of
                   others
                   :
                   But
                   it
                   is
                   the
                   part
                   of
                   a
                   prudent
                   and
                   understanding
                   Man
                   ,
                   always
                   to
                   attribute
                   due
                   praise
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   who
                   by
                   their
                   Industry
                   have
                   prosecuted
                   virtuous
                   Designs
                   :
                   And
                   where
                   any
                   have
                   not
                   been
                   so
                   successful
                   as
                   they
                   desir'd
                   ,
                   not
                   to
                   taunt
                   at
                   the
                   infirmity
                   of
                   Humane
                   Nature
                   ;
                   But
                   so
                   much
                   of
                   these
                   envious
                   Men.
                   
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   For
                   as
                   a
                   brave
                   Champion
                   after
                   he
                   has
                   spent
                   much
                   time
                   in
                   anointing
                   himself
                   ,
                   at
                   length
                   descends
                   into
                   the
                   Lists
                   —
                   Having
                   gain'd
                   great
                   Experience
                   and
                   an
                   Habit.
                   
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   Menodotus
                   the
                   Corinthian
                   writ
                   the
                   Affairs
                   of
                   Greece
                   in
                   14
                   Books
                   .
                   And
                   Sosilus
                   the
                   *
                   Ilian
                   the
                   Acts
                   of
                   Hannibal
                   in
                   Seven
                   .
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   Among
                   the
                   Romans
                   a
                   Legion
                   consists
                   of
                   5000
                   Men.
                   
                
                 
                   5.
                   
                   Men
                   naturally
                   flock
                   to
                   them
                   that
                   are
                   in
                   prosperity
                   ,
                   but
                   insult
                   over
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   brought
                   into
                   Distress
                   .
                   —
                   For
                   the
                   Soul
                   presently
                   to
                   undergo
                   a
                   meer
                   contrary
                   Change
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   in
                   its
                   own
                   nature
                   unchangeable
                   .
                
                 
                   6.
                   
                   The
                   City
                   of
                   Rhodes
                   being
                   ruin'd
                   by
                   a
                   great
                   Earthquake
                   ,
                   Hiero
                   the
                   Syracusian
                   bestow'd
                   
                   Six
                   Talents
                   of
                   Silver
                   towards
                   the
                   repairing
                   of
                   the
                   Walls
                   ,
                   and
                   Silver
                   Cauldrons
                   of
                   great
                   value
                   ,
                   besides
                   Money
                   :
                   And
                   let
                   them
                   have
                   Corn
                   to
                   Transport
                   free
                   from
                   Custom
                   .
                
                 
                   7.
                   
                   That
                   which
                   is
                   now
                   call'd
                   Philopolis
                   ,
                   was
                   heretofore
                   call'd
                   Phiotis
                   of
                   Thebes
                   ,
                   over
                   all
                   Thessaly
                   .
                
                 
                   8
                   ,
                   For
                   sost
                   Beds
                   ,
                   constant
                   delicate
                   Fare
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   use
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   precious
                   Ointments
                   ,
                   unfitted
                   them
                   for
                   toil
                   and
                   hardship
                   .
                   —
                   For
                   both
                   their
                   Bodies
                   and
                   Minds
                   were
                   habituated
                   to
                   Effeminacy
                   and
                   Luxuriousness
                   .
                   —
                   For
                   Men
                   naturally
                   can
                   hardly
                   brook
                   Toil
                   and
                   Pains
                   ,
                   and
                   low
                   Diet
                   ;
                   but
                   delight
                   in
                   Idleness
                   and
                   Luxury
                   .
                   For
                   Hannibal
                   with
                   much
                   Toil
                   and
                   Care
                   gain'd
                   Cities
                   both
                   from
                   the
                   Romans
                   and
                   Brutians
                   ,
                   and
                   took
                   Crotona
                   ,
                   and
                   Besieg'd
                   Rhegium
                   .
                   For
                   from
                   
                     Hercules
                     Pillars
                  
                   in
                   the
                   West
                   to
                   Crotona
                   ,
                   he
                   over-ran
                   all
                   the
                   Roman
                   Territories
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
               
                 Fragments
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Books
                 of
                 
                   Diodorus
                   the
                   Sicilian
                
                 [
                 that
                 are
                 lost
                 ]
                 as
                 they
                 are
                 in
                 Photius
                 his
                 Bibliotheca
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Out
                   of
                   the
                   31st
                   BOOK
                   .
                
                 
                   1.
                   
                   VVHile
                   these
                   things
                   were
                   doing
                   ,
                   Ambassadors
                   came
                   to
                   Rome
                   from
                   Rhodes
                   ,
                   to
                   beg
                   pardon
                   for
                   what
                   they
                   had
                   done
                   .
                   For
                   in
                   the
                   War
                   against
                   Perseus
                   they
                   had
                   seem'd
                   to
                   favour
                   the
                   King
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   break
                   their
                   League
                   with
                   the
                   Romans
                   .
                   But
                   not
                   being
                   able
                   to
                   accomplish
                   any
                   thing
                   for
                   which
                   they
                   were
                   sent
                   ,
                   they
                   were
                   greatly
                   dejected
                   ,
                   and
                   solicited
                   with
                   Tears
                   the
                   great
                   and
                   principal
                   Men
                   of
                   the
                   City
                   :
                   Whereupon
                   being
                   introduc'd
                   into
                   the
                   Senate
                   by
                   Antonius
                   ,
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Tribunes
                   of
                   the
                   People
                   ,
                   Philophron
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   open'd
                   the
                   matter
                   ,
                   and
                   business
                   of
                   their
                   Embassy
                   .
                   And
                   after
                   him
                   Astimedes
                   ;
                   when
                   they
                   had
                   made
                   many
                   Arguments
                   and
                   apt
                   Discourses
                   to
                   prevail
                   with
                   the
                   Senate
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   last
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   *
                   Proverb
                   ,
                   had
                   with
                   the
                   Swan
                   concluded
                   their
                   mournful
                   Ditty
                   ,
                   they
                   receiv'd
                   an
                   answer
                   which
                   presently
                   freed
                   from
                   their
                   fears
                   :
                   However
                   they
                   were
                   sharply
                   reprov'd
                   ,
                   and
                   fin'd
                   for
                   their
                   Offences
                   .
                   So
                   that
                   it
                   is
                   evident
                   how
                   the
                   most
                   noble
                   among
                   the
                   Romans
                   (
                   by
                   whom
                   the
                   greatest
                   Affairs
                   are
                   manag'd
                   )
                   strive
                   which
                   shall
                   be
                   most
                   generous
                   ,
                   and
                   upon
                   that
                   account
                   gain
                   most
                   Honour
                   and
                   Reputation
                   .
                   For
                   in
                   the
                   Administration
                   of
                   publick
                   Affairs
                   elsewhere
                   ,
                   one
                   envies
                   another
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   Romans
                   praise
                   and
                   commend
                   one
                   another
                   .
                   So
                   that
                   while
                   all
                   endeavour
                   to
                   advance
                   the
                   publick
                   Good
                   ,
                   great
                   and
                   glorious
                   things
                   are
                   Atchiev'd
                   :
                   but
                   as
                   to
                   others
                   ,
                   while
                   they
                   aim
                   only
                   at
                   their
                   own
                   vain
                   Glory
                   ,
                   and
                   envy
                   the
                   Successes
                   one
                   of
                   another
                   ,
                   they
                   ruin
                   their
                   Country
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   At
                   length
                   Aemilius
                   took
                   Perseus
                   the
                   last
                   King
                   of
                   Macedonia
                   ,
                   who
                   had
                   often
                   enter'd
                   
                   into
                   a
                   League
                   with
                   the
                   Romans
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   often
                   appear'd
                   in
                   the
                   Field
                   with
                   great
                   Armies
                   against
                   them
                   .
                   And
                   after
                   the
                   Victory
                   Aemilius
                   Triumph'd
                   gloriously
                   .
                   And
                   tho'
                   Perseus
                   was
                   brought
                   into
                   so
                   great
                   miseries
                   and
                   calamities
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   the
                   ruins
                   and
                   destructions
                   which
                   he
                   suffer'd
                   ,
                   can
                   scarce
                   be
                   parallel'd
                   by
                   any
                   Romance
                   ,
                   yet
                   was
                   he
                   not
                   willing
                   to
                   part
                   with
                   his
                   Life
                   .
                   For
                   before
                   the
                   Senate
                   had
                   determin'd
                   any
                   thing
                   relating
                   to
                   his
                   punishment
                   ,
                   *
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   chief
                   Officers
                   of
                   the
                   City
                   cast
                   both
                   him
                   and
                   his
                   Children
                   into
                   the
                   Goal
                   Albinus
                   .
                   This
                   Prison
                   is
                   a
                   deep
                   Dungeon
                   of
                   the
                   bigness
                   of
                   a
                   Chamber
                   ,
                   capable
                   of
                   9
                   Beds
                   at
                   the
                   most
                   :
                   Dark
                   and
                   full
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   filth
                   and
                   nastiness
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   multitude
                   of
                   Men
                   Condemn'd
                   for
                   capital
                   Offences
                   ,
                   that
                   from
                   time
                   to
                   time
                   were
                   thrust
                   down
                   there
                   ;
                   and
                   generally
                   most
                   of
                   such
                   Malefactors
                   were
                   put
                   into
                   this
                   Place
                   .
                   So
                   that
                   many
                   being
                   shut
                   up
                   together
                   in
                   so
                   strait
                   a
                   place
                   ,
                   those
                   miserable
                   Creatures
                   were
                   even
                   turn'd
                   into
                   Beasts
                   :
                   And
                   in
                   regard
                   the
                   Meat
                   ,
                   Drink
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   necessaries
                   which
                   were
                   brought
                   them
                   ,
                   were
                   jumbled
                   together
                   into
                   one
                   Chaos
                   and
                   heap
                   of
                   Confusion
                   ,
                   there
                   arose
                   thence
                   such
                   a
                   stench
                   that
                   none
                   that
                   came
                   near
                   ,
                   were
                   able
                   to
                   endure
                   .
                   In
                   a
                   most
                   miserable
                   Condition
                   Perseus
                   continu'd
                   here
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   7
                   Days
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   that
                   he
                   begg'd
                   relief
                   ,
                   and
                   some
                   share
                   of
                   the
                   Food
                   of
                   those
                   strangers
                   in
                   Prison
                   ,
                   who
                   had
                   only
                   a
                   stinted
                   allowance
                   .
                   They
                   out
                   of
                   compassion
                   to
                   this
                   miserable
                   Man
                   ,
                   with
                   great
                   humanity
                   and
                   tears
                   in
                   their
                   Eyes
                   ,
                   gave
                   him
                   part
                   of
                   that
                   small
                   pittance
                   they
                   had
                   ,
                   and
                   withall
                   offer'd
                   him
                   a
                   Sword
                   and
                   a
                   Rope
                   ,
                   to
                   use
                   which
                   of
                   them
                   he
                   would
                   at
                   his
                   pleasure
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   putting
                   an
                   end
                   to
                   his
                   Life
                   ,
                   Yet
                   nothing
                   seems
                   so
                   sweet
                   as
                   Life
                   ,
                   even
                   to
                   the
                   miserable
                   ;
                   tho'
                   they
                   suffer
                   what
                   is
                   equivalent
                   to
                   death
                   it self
                   in
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   .
                   To
                   conclude
                   ,
                   he
                   had
                   certainly
                   ended
                   his
                   days
                   in
                   this
                   extream
                   misery
                   ,
                   if
                   
                     Marcus
                     Aemilius
                  
                   President
                   of
                   the
                   Court
                   (
                   out
                   of
                   respect
                   to
                   the
                   dignity
                   of
                   his
                   Person
                   ,
                   mov'd
                   by
                   the
                   natural
                   and
                   innate
                   humanity
                   of
                   the
                   Romans
                   )
                   had
                   not
                   with
                   some
                   indignation
                   mov'd
                   the
                   Senate
                   on
                   his
                   behalf
                   ,
                   putting
                   them
                   in
                   mind
                   ,
                   that
                   tho'
                   they
                   fear'd
                   not
                   Men
                   ,
                   yet
                   they
                   should
                   bear
                   some
                   awe
                   and
                   reverence
                   to
                   *
                   Nemesis
                   ,
                   who
                   will
                   take
                   vengeance
                   on
                   them
                   that
                   use
                   their
                   power
                   with
                   Pride
                   and
                   Insolency
                   .
                   Upon
                   this
                   he
                   was
                   committed
                   to
                   a
                   more
                   moderate
                   Confinement
                   ,
                   and
                   while
                   he
                   was
                   seeding
                   himself
                   with
                   fresh
                   hopes
                   ,
                   he
                   ended
                   his
                   days
                   agreeable
                   to
                   the
                   former
                   misfortunes
                   of
                   his
                   Life
                   :
                   for
                   after
                   he
                   had
                   liv'd
                   2
                   Years
                   in
                   this
                   *
                   fond
                   love
                   of
                   Life
                   ,
                   having
                   displeas'd
                   his
                   barbarous
                   Keepers
                   they
                   would
                   not
                   suffer
                   him
                   to
                   sleep
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   he
                   dy'd
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   The
                   Kings
                   of
                   Cappadocia
                   say
                   that
                   they
                   came
                   from
                   Cyrus
                   King
                   of
                   Persia
                   .
                   They
                   affirm
                   likewise
                   that
                   they
                   are
                   descended
                   from
                   one
                   of
                   those
                   Seven
                   Persians
                   that
                   kill'd
                   Magus
                   .
                   And
                   they
                   drew
                   down
                   their
                   Pedegree
                   from
                   Cyrus
                   thus
                   :
                   That
                   Atossa
                   was
                   the
                   Sister
                   of
                   Cambyses
                   ,
                   and
                   Daughter
                   of
                   Cyrus
                   :
                   That
                   Gallus
                   was
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Atossa
                   and
                   Pharnaces
                   King
                   of
                   
                     Cappadocia
                     ,
                     Smerdis
                  
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Gallus
                   ,
                   and
                   Artames
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Smerdis
                   ,
                   and
                   Artames
                   had
                   issue
                   
                     Anaphas
                     (
                     a
                     brave
                     and
                     valian
                     :
                     Man
                     )
                     who
                     was
                     the
                     Father
                     of
                     one
                     of
                     th●
                     Seven
                     Persians
                     .
                     In
                     this
                     manner
                     therefore
                  
                   
                   
                   
                     do
                     they
                     make
                     out
                     their
                     Consanguinity
                  
                   both
                   to
                   Cyrus
                   and
                   to
                   Anaphas
                   ,
                   who
                   it
                   's
                   said
                   *
                   was
                   of
                   so
                   stout
                   a
                   Spirit
                   ,
                   that
                   before
                   he
                   would
                   pay
                   Tribute
                   to
                   the
                   Persians
                   ,
                   he
                   abdicated
                   his
                   Government
                   of
                   Capadocia
                   .
                   After
                   his
                   death
                   Anaphas
                   his
                   Son
                   Reign'd
                   in
                   his
                   stead
                   ,
                   who
                   dying
                   ,
                   left
                   his
                   two
                   Sons
                   ,
                   Ditamus
                   and
                   Arimneus
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   Ditamus
                   took
                   upon
                   him
                   the
                   Government
                   ,
                   (
                   a
                   Warlike
                   Prince
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   all
                   respects
                   accomplish'd
                   for
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   )
                   who
                   joining
                   Battle
                   with
                   the
                   Persians
                   ,
                   and
                   behaving
                   himself
                   with
                   great
                   Gallantry
                   and
                   Resolution
                   ,
                   was
                   kill'd
                   in
                   the
                   Fight
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   Son
                   Ariamnes
                   succeeded
                   him
                   in
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   .
                   To
                   whom
                   were
                   born
                   two
                   Sons
                   ,
                   Ariarathes
                   and
                   Holophernes
                   :
                   And
                   after
                   he
                   had
                   Reign'd
                   50
                   Years
                   ,
                   he
                   dyed
                   
                   having
                   done
                   nothing
                   memorable
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Elder
                   of
                   his
                   Sons
                   Ariarathes
                   succeeded
                   him
                   ,
                   who
                   it's
                   said
                   bore
                   so
                   great
                   and
                   tender
                   a
                   Love
                   to
                   his
                   Brother
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   advanc'd
                   him
                   to
                   the
                   highest
                   degree
                   of
                   Honour
                   and
                   Preferment
                   .
                   And
                   sent
                   him
                   to
                   join
                   with
                   the
                   Persians
                   in
                   the
                   War
                   against
                   the
                   Aegyptians
                   ,
                   who
                   after
                   return'd
                   loaden
                   with
                   many
                   and
                   large
                   marks
                   of
                   Honour
                   conferr'd
                   upon
                   him
                   by
                   Ochus
                   ,
                   for
                   his
                   Valour
                   ,
                   and
                   dy'd
                   in
                   his
                   own
                   Country
                   ,
                   leaving
                   behind
                   him
                   two
                   Sons
                   ,
                   Ariarathes
                   and
                   Arysses
                   .
                   And
                   that
                   his
                   Brother
                   the
                   King
                   of
                   Cappadocia
                   (
                   *
                   having
                   no
                   legal
                   Issue
                   )
                   adopted
                   Ariarathes
                   his
                   Brother
                   's
                   Eldest
                   Son.
                   About
                   this
                   time
                   Alexander
                   the
                   Macedonian
                   King
                   ruin'd
                   the
                   Persian
                   Empire
                   ,
                   and
                   presently
                   after
                   dy'd
                   .
                   But
                   Perdiccas
                   who
                   had
                   the
                   chief
                   Command
                   ,
                   sent
                   Eumenes
                   as
                   General
                   into
                   Cappadocia
                   ,
                   who
                   subdu'd
                   and
                   kill'd
                   Ariarathes
                   and
                   brought
                   Cappadocia
                   and
                   all
                   the
                   bordering
                   Territories
                   into
                   the
                   the
                   power
                   of
                   the
                   Macedonians
                   .
                   But
                   Ariarathes
                   ,
                   the
                   adopted
                   Son
                   of
                   the
                   former
                   King
                   ,
                   despairing
                   for
                   the
                   present
                   to
                   regain
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   few
                   followers
                   fled
                   into
                   Armenia
                   .
                   But
                   Eumenes
                   and
                   Berdiccas
                   both
                   dying
                   not
                   long
                   after
                   ,
                   and
                   Antigonus
                   and
                   Seleucus
                   imbroil'd
                   in
                   War
                   one
                   with
                   another
                   ,
                   Ariarathes
                   with
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   Arcloathus
                   King
                   of
                   Armenia
                   (
                   who
                   furnish'd
                   him
                   with
                   forces
                   )
                   routed
                   and
                   kill'd
                   Amyntas
                   the
                   Macedonian
                   General
                   ,
                   and
                   presently
                   drave
                   all
                   the
                   Macedonians
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Country
                   ,
                   and
                   recover'd
                   his
                   Kingdom
                   .
                   He
                   had
                   3
                   Sons
                   ,
                   the
                   Eldest
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   Ariamnes
                   succeeded
                   him
                   ,
                   who
                   join'd
                   in
                   affinity
                   with
                   
                     Antiochus
                     Theos
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Married
                   his
                   Eldest
                   Son
                   Ariarathes
                   to
                   
                     Stratonice
                     ,
                     Antiochus
                  
                   his
                   Daughter
                   .
                   And
                   for
                   the
                   great
                   love
                   he
                   had
                   to
                   him
                   above
                   all
                   his
                   Children
                   ,
                   ●e
                   set
                   the
                   Diadem
                   upon
                   his
                   Head
                   ,
                   and
                   made
                   him
                   Co-parther
                   with
                   him
                   in
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   :
                   and
                   after
                   the
                   death
                   of
                   his
                   Father
                   he
                   reign'd
                   alone
                   .
                   Then
                   he
                   dying
                   ,
                   Ariarathes
                   his
                   Son
                   ,
                   of
                   a
                   very
                   tender
                   Age
                   ,
                   succeeded
                   .
                   He
                   Marry'd
                   Antiochide
                   (
                   the
                   Daughter
                   of
                   Antiochus
                   the
                   great
                   )
                   a
                   very
                   subtile
                   Woman
                   :
                   Who
                   because
                   she
                   bore
                   no
                   Children
                   ,
                   to
                   make
                   up
                   that
                   defect
                   ,
                   contriv'd
                   (
                   unknown
                   to
                   her
                   Husband
                   )
                   a
                   suppositious
                   Birth
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   she
                   had
                   Born
                   two
                   Sons
                   ,
                   which
                   were
                   call'd
                   Ariarathes
                   and
                   Holofernes
                   .
                   But
                   not
                   long
                   after
                   ,
                   she
                   conceiv'd
                   in
                   reality
                   ,
                   and
                   unexpectedly
                   was
                   deliver'd
                   of
                   two
                   Daughters
                   and
                   one
                   Son
                   call'd
                   Mithridates
                   .
                   Upon
                   this
                   she
                   acquainted
                   her
                   Husband
                   with
                   the
                   Imposture
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   wrought
                   with
                   him
                   that
                   she
                   prevail'd
                   with
                   him
                   to
                   send
                   away
                   the
                   Eldest
                   of
                   the
                   two
                   Sons
                   with
                   a
                   small
                   Sum
                   of
                   Money
                   to
                   Rome
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   into
                   Ionia
                   ,
                   lest
                   they
                   should
                   challenge
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   from
                   him
                   that
                   was
                   lawful
                   Heir
                   to
                   the
                   Crown
                   ;
                   who
                   after
                   he
                   came
                   to
                   Man's
                   Estate
                   (
                   its
                   said
                   )
                   was
                   call'd
                   Ariarathes
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   Educated
                   in
                   all
                   the
                   learning
                   of
                   Greece
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   a
                   Person
                   accomplish'd
                   with
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   Virtuous
                   Endowments
                   .
                   That
                   the
                   Father
                   (
                   who
                   was
                   wonderfully
                   belov'd
                   by
                   the
                   Son
                   )
                   strove
                   all
                   he
                   could
                   to
                   repay
                   his
                   Son's
                   love
                   again
                   :
                   And
                   their
                   mutual
                   endear'd
                   affections
                   one
                   towards
                   another
                   went
                   so
                   far
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Father
                   would
                   have
                   given
                   up
                   the
                   whole
                   Kingdom
                   into
                   the
                   Hands
                   of
                   the
                   Son
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Son
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   told
                   him
                   ,
                   he
                   could
                   not
                   possibly
                   accept
                   of
                   so
                   great
                   an
                   advantage
                   from
                   living
                   Parents
                   .
                   After
                   therefore
                   his
                   Father
                   dy'd
                   he
                   succeeded
                   ,
                   spending
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   his
                   life
                   very
                   virtuously
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   study
                   of
                   Philosophy
                   :
                   So
                   that
                   Cappadocia
                   which
                   was
                   before
                   little
                   known
                   to
                   the
                   Grecians
                   ,
                   was
                   now
                   a
                   desireable
                   place
                   of
                   Residence
                   for
                   all
                   learned
                   Men
                   :
                   He
                   renew'd
                   the
                   League
                   of
                   Peace
                   and
                   Friendship
                   with
                   the
                   Romans
                   .
                   And
                   in
                   this
                   manner
                   is
                   the
                   Pedegree
                   of
                   those
                   that
                   have
                   hitherto
                   reign'd
                   in
                   Cappadocia
                   ,
                   brought
                   down
                   from
                   Cyrus
                   .
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   For
                   Statues
                   are
                   made
                   of
                   such
                   Romans
                   as
                   are
                   of
                   noble
                   Families
                   ,
                   in
                   near
                   resemblance
                   of
                   the
                   Persons
                   ,
                   and
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   whole
                   proportion
                   of
                   their
                   Bodies
                   .
                   For
                   all
                   their
                   life
                   long
                   ,
                   they
                   have
                   some
                   ,
                   who
                   observe
                   their
                   Mien
                   and
                   Deportment
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   special
                   remarks
                   of
                   every
                   part
                   exactly
                   .
                   Likewise
                   every
                   Mans
                   Ancestor
                   *
                   stands
                   in
                   that
                   Habit
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   those
                   Ornaments
                   ,
                   (
                   and
                   is
                   so
                   clearly
                   represented
                   )
                   that
                   every
                   one
                   knows
                   the
                   Person
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   he
                   looks
                   upon
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   what
                   degree
                   of
                   Honour
                   every
                   one
                   was
                   advanc'd
                   ,
                   and
                   what
                   Share
                   and
                   Interest
                   they
                   had
                   in
                   the
                   Commonwealth
                   .
                
                 
                   5.
                   
                   *
                   Memmius
                   was
                   sent
                   General
                   with
                   an
                   Army
                   into
                   Spain
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   *
                   Lusitanians
                   just
                   upon
                   his
                   Landing
                   ,
                   fell
                   upon
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   routed
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   cut
                   off
                   most
                   of
                   his
                   Army
                   .
                   When
                   this
                   success
                   of
                   the
                   Iberians
                   was
                   nois'd
                   abroad
                   ,
                   the
                   Araucians
                   (
                   who
                   look'd
                   upon
                   themselves
                   to
                   be
                   far
                   better
                   Soldiers
                   than
                   the
                   Iberians
                   )
                   slighted
                   and
                   contemn'd
                   the
                   Enemy
                   ,
                   and
                   upon
                   this
                   ground
                   and
                   confidence
                   ,
                   chiefly
                   it
                   was
                   that
                   in
                   their
                   general
                   Council
                   they
                   determined
                   to
                   make
                   War
                   upon
                   the
                   Romans
                   .
                   
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   Out
                   of
                   the
                   32d
                   .
                   BOOK
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Fragment
                     1.
                     
                     ALexander
                  
                   fled
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Fight
                   with
                   500
                   Men
                   to
                   a
                   City
                   in
                   Arabia
                   ,
                   call'd
                   
                   Abas
                   ,
                   to
                   Diocles
                   the
                   Prince
                   there
                   ;
                   with
                   whom
                   he
                   had
                   before
                   entrusted
                   his
                   Son
                   Antiochus
                   ,
                   a
                   Child
                   of
                   very
                   tender
                   Age.
                   Afterwards
                   the
                   Chief
                   Commanders
                   who
                   were
                   about
                   Heliades
                   (
                   and
                   had
                   been
                   with
                   Alexander
                   )
                   plotting
                   to
                   assassinate
                   Alexander
                   ,
                   sent
                   away
                   some
                   Messengers
                   privately
                   from
                   among
                   themselves
                   ,
                   promising
                   secretly
                   to
                   Murder
                   him
                   .
                   Demetrius
                   consenting
                   to
                   what
                   they
                   propos'd
                   ,
                   they
                   became
                   both
                   Traitors
                   and
                   Murderers
                   of
                   their
                   Prince
                   .
                   We
                   might
                   be
                   justly
                   condemn'd
                   if
                   we
                   should
                   pass
                   in
                   silence
                   that
                   which
                   happen'd
                   before
                   the
                   death
                   of
                   Alexander
                   ,
                   tho'
                   for
                   the
                   strangeness
                   of
                   the
                   thing
                   it
                   be
                   scarce
                   credible
                   .
                   King
                   Alexander
                   a
                   little
                   before
                   these
                   times
                   ,
                   consulted
                   with
                   the
                   Oracle
                   in
                   Silicia
                   ,
                   where
                   they
                   say
                   is
                   the
                   Temple
                   of
                   Apollo
                   of
                   Sarpedon
                   :
                   and
                   it
                   is
                   reported
                   that
                   the
                   Oracle
                   made
                   Answer
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   should
                   take
                   heed
                   of
                   that
                   place
                   which
                   should
                   bring
                   forth
                   a
                   God
                   of
                   two
                   shapes
                   .
                   This
                   Divine
                   Hint
                   was
                   then
                   taken
                   for
                   a
                   Riddle
                   :
                   but
                   after
                   the
                   King
                   was
                   dead
                   ,
                   the
                   Truth
                   was
                   discover'd
                   in
                   this
                   manner
                   .
                   For
                   in
                   Abas
                   a
                   City
                   of
                   Arabia
                   dwelt
                   one
                   Diophantus
                   a
                   Macedonian
                   .
                   This
                   Man
                   Marry'd
                   an
                   Arabian
                   Woman
                   ,
                   by
                   whom
                   he
                   had
                   a
                   
                   Son
                   ,
                   call'd
                   after
                   his
                   own
                   Name
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   Daughter
                   call'd
                   Heraides
                   :
                   His
                   Son
                   dy'd
                   while
                   he
                   was
                   young
                   :
                   But
                   he
                   gave
                   a
                   Portion
                   to
                   his
                   Daughter
                   when
                   she
                   was
                   grown
                   up
                   ,
                   and
                   Marry'd
                   her
                   to
                   one
                   Semiades
                   ,
                   who
                   ,
                   after
                   he
                   had
                   liv'd
                   with
                   his
                   Bride
                   one
                   year
                   ,
                   undertook
                   a
                   long
                   Journey
                   :
                   In
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   (
                   it
                   is
                   reported
                   )
                   that
                   Heraides
                   fell
                   into
                   a
                   strange
                   and
                   wonderful
                   distemper
                   ,
                   such
                   as
                   is
                   scarce
                   credible
                   .
                   For
                   she
                   had
                   a
                   vehement
                   Inflammation
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   great
                   Swelling
                   at
                   the
                   bottom
                   of
                   her
                   Belly
                   ,
                   which
                   increas'd
                   to
                   that
                   degree
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   brought
                   her
                   into
                   a
                   violent
                   Feaver
                   .
                   The
                   Physitians
                   conceiv'd
                   that
                   it
                   was
                   an
                   Ulcer
                   about
                   the
                   neck
                   of
                   the
                   Matrix
                   ;
                   Refrigerating
                   Medicines
                   and
                   Plaisters
                   therefore
                   were
                   apply'd
                   to
                   bring
                   down
                   and
                   cool
                   those
                   hot
                   burning
                   Tumors
                   ;
                   upon
                   the
                   Seventh
                   day
                   the
                   Humour
                   burst
                   ,
                   and
                   out
                   started
                   from
                   the
                   Privy
                   Parts
                   of
                   Heraides
                   ,
                   a
                   Man's
                   Yard
                   with
                   the
                   Testicles
                   compleat
                   .
                   This
                   hapned
                   when
                   neither
                   Physitian
                   nor
                   any
                   other
                   Stranger
                   was
                   present
                   ,
                   but
                   only
                   the
                   Mother
                   and
                   Two
                   Servants
                   :
                   who
                   with
                   the
                   strangeness
                   of
                   the
                   thing
                   ,
                   were
                   struck
                   into
                   a
                   Maze
                   .
                   However
                   ,
                   they
                   made
                   it
                   their
                   Care
                   and
                   Business
                   to
                   cure
                   her
                   ,
                   and
                   kept
                   all
                   private
                   to
                   themselves
                   .
                   And
                   when
                   she
                   was
                   recover'd
                   ,
                   she
                   still
                   wore
                   a
                   Womans
                   Habit
                   ,
                   and
                   manag'd
                   the
                   Affairs
                   of
                   the
                   House
                   as
                   Wives
                   use
                   to
                   do
                   .
                   But
                   those
                   who
                   were
                   privy
                   to
                   what
                   had
                   hapned
                   ,
                   suspected
                   her
                   to
                   be
                   an
                   Hermaphrodite
                   .
                   And
                   so
                   ,
                   tho'
                   formerly
                   in
                   carnal
                   Embraces
                   with
                   her
                   Husband
                   ,
                   there
                   might
                   be
                   no
                   natural
                   copulation
                   ,
                   yet
                   she
                   had
                   been
                   seen
                   frequently
                   to
                   have
                   the
                   carnal
                   knowledge
                   of
                   Women
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   while
                   all
                   things
                   were
                   kept
                   secret
                   ,
                   Semiades
                   returns
                   and
                   demands
                   his
                   Wife
                   ,
                   (
                   as
                   was
                   very
                   fit
                   and
                   reasonable
                   .
                   )
                   And
                   being
                   continually
                   urgent
                   and
                   pressing
                   for
                   the
                   society
                   of
                   his
                   Wife
                   ,
                   the
                   Father
                   refus'd
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   was
                   asham'd
                   to
                   declare
                   the
                   reason
                   ,
                   which
                   occasion'd
                   great
                   dissention
                   ,
                   so
                   far
                   as
                   that
                   the
                   Husband
                   resolv'd
                   to
                   sue
                   the
                   Father
                   for
                   his
                   Wife
                   :
                   So
                   that
                   this
                   wonder
                   was
                   expos'd
                   to
                   the
                   publick
                   view
                   ,
                   like
                   a
                   Play
                   upon
                   the
                   Stage
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   means
                   of
                   a
                   criminal
                   Accusation
                   .
                   The
                   Person
                   contended
                   for
                   was
                   present
                   in
                   Court
                   when
                   the
                   Matter
                   was
                   Banded
                   to
                   and
                   fro
                   ,
                   on
                   either
                   parties
                   behalf
                   ;
                   Upon
                   which
                   ,
                   the
                   Judges
                   were
                   in
                   doubt
                   whether
                   the
                   Power
                   and
                   Authority
                   of
                   the
                   Husband
                   over
                   the
                   Wife
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   preferr'd
                   before
                   that
                   of
                   the
                   Father
                   over
                   the
                   Daughter
                   .
                   At
                   length
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   were
                   ready
                   to
                   give
                   Sentence
                   that
                   the
                   Wife
                   should
                   abide
                   with
                   her
                   Husband
                   ,
                   she
                   discover'd
                   the
                   truth
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   matter
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   great
                   boldness
                   and
                   assurance
                   of
                   Mind
                   threw
                   off
                   her
                   feign'd
                   Habit
                   ,
                   and
                   discover'd
                   her self
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Man
                   to
                   all
                   that
                   were
                   there
                   present
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   a
                   surly
                   manner
                   utter'd
                   these
                   words
                   .
                   
                     Can
                     any
                     compel
                     one
                     Man
                     to
                     Marry
                     another
                     ?
                  
                   Upon
                   which
                   all
                   were
                   amaz'd
                   ,
                   and
                   set
                   up
                   a
                   shout
                   of
                   Admiration
                   at
                   the
                   strangeness
                   of
                   the
                   thing
                   .
                   Heraides
                   being
                   now
                   discover'd
                   ,
                   afterwards
                   (
                   as
                   is
                   reported
                   )
                   chang'd
                   her
                   Womans
                   Attire
                   and
                   put
                   on
                   the
                   Habit
                   of
                   a
                   young
                   Man.
                   And
                   it
                   's
                   likewise
                   said
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Physitians
                   when
                   they
                   saw
                   those
                   parts
                   of
                   the
                   Woman
                   ,
                   judg'd
                   that
                   the
                   nature
                   of
                   the
                   Male
                   lay
                   hid
                   in
                   the
                   Womb
                   of
                   the
                   Female
                   (
                   in
                   a
                   place
                   in
                   shape
                   like
                   an
                   Egg
                   )
                   and
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   thin
                   skarf
                   or
                   skin
                   ,
                   that
                   wrap'd
                   about
                   the
                   Yard
                   ,
                   was
                   an
                   unusual
                   hole
                   ,
                   through
                   which
                   the
                   Urine
                   pass'd
                   .
                   And
                   that
                   therefore
                   they
                   declar'd
                   that
                   the
                   place
                   first
                   being
                   pierc'd
                   and
                   made
                   like
                   an
                   hollow
                   pipe
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   turn'd
                   into
                   a
                   green
                   Wound
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   length
                   brought
                   to
                   a
                   Scab
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   the
                   Yard
                   was
                   reduc'd
                   to
                   it's
                   proper
                   shape
                   ,
                   that
                   sutable
                   Remedies
                   should
                   be
                   apply'd
                   for
                   the
                   cure
                   of
                   the
                   Patient
                   .
                   Heraides
                   was
                   afterwards
                   call'd
                   Diophantus
                   ,
                   and
                   serv'd
                   in
                   the
                   King's
                   Camp
                   in
                   a
                   Regiment
                   of
                   Horse
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   resided
                   with
                   the
                   King
                   at
                   Abas
                   .
                   At
                   that
                   time
                   therefore
                   was
                   
                   the
                   meaning
                   of
                   the
                   Oracle
                   understood
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   before
                   dark
                   and
                   obscure
                   ;
                   when
                   the
                   
                   King
                   came
                   to
                   Abbas
                   ,
                   where
                   this
                   Hermaphrodite
                   was
                   Born.
                   It
                   's
                   reported
                   that
                   Semiades
                   at
                   length
                   (
                   through
                   love
                   he
                   bore
                   to
                   her
                   )
                   upon
                   the
                   account
                   of
                   their
                   former
                   familiarity
                   (
                   and
                   through
                   shame
                   of
                   his
                   unnatural
                   Marriage
                   )
                   was
                   able
                   to
                   bear
                   up
                   no
                   longer
                   ,
                   but
                   after
                   he
                   had
                   left
                   all
                   his
                   Goods
                   to
                   Diophantus
                   ,
                   and
                   made
                   him
                   his
                   Heir
                   ,
                   broke
                   his
                   Heart
                   and
                   died
                   .
                   So
                   she
                   that
                   had
                   been
                   a
                   Woman
                   ,
                   carry'd
                   it
                   with
                   the
                   courage
                   of
                   a
                   Man
                   ,
                   and
                   he
                   that
                   was
                   ever
                   a
                   Man
                   ,
                   appear'd
                   to
                   be
                   more
                   pusillanimous
                   than
                   any
                   Woman
                   .
                   The
                   like
                   to
                   this
                   fell
                   out
                   about
                   30
                   Years
                   after
                   in
                   the
                   City
                   of
                   *
                   Epidaurus
                   .
                   There
                   was
                   a
                   young
                   Maid
                   in
                   Epidaurus
                   (
                   as
                   the
                   report
                   goes
                   )
                   an
                   Orphan
                   ,
                   whose
                   name
                   was
                   Callo
                   .
                   This
                   Maid
                   had
                   no
                   passage
                   in
                   her
                   privy
                   parts
                   ,
                   but
                   about
                   the
                   Pecten
                   there
                   was
                   a
                   place
                   like
                   an
                   issue
                   through
                   which
                   the
                   Urine
                   pass'd
                   ever
                   from
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   her
                   Birth
                   .
                   When
                   she
                   came
                   to
                   a
                   mature
                   Age
                   ,
                   she
                   was
                   Married
                   to
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Citizens
                   with
                   whom
                   she
                   liv'd
                   two
                   Years
                   ,
                   and
                   tho'
                   she
                   was
                   not
                   capable
                   of
                   natural
                   Embraces
                   as
                   a
                   Woman
                   ,
                   yet
                   she
                   was
                   forc'd
                   to
                   endure
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   preternatural
                   ,
                   or
                   besides
                   nature
                   .
                   But
                   afterwards
                   a
                   Tumor
                   arose
                   near
                   the
                   Pecten
                   which
                   put
                   her
                   to
                   exceeding
                   torment
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   many
                   Physitians
                   were
                   sent
                   for
                   to
                   consult
                   together
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   despair'd
                   of
                   Curing
                   her
                   :
                   But
                   an
                   Apothecary
                   undertook
                   the
                   Cure
                   ,
                   and
                   made
                   an
                   incision
                   in
                   the
                   place
                   ,
                   whence
                   came
                   forth
                   a
                   Mans
                   Yard
                   with
                   Testicles
                   ,
                   but
                   solid
                   without
                   any
                   passage
                   .
                   And
                   when
                   all
                   were
                   amaz'd
                   at
                   the
                   strangeness
                   of
                   the
                   thing
                   ,
                   the
                   Apothecary
                   suppli'd
                   the
                   parts
                   with
                   what
                   was
                   deficient
                   .
                   First
                   he
                   made
                   an
                   incision
                   into
                   the
                   end
                   of
                   the
                   Yard
                   ,
                   and
                   pierc'd
                   it
                   even
                   to
                   the
                   Uretor
                   ,
                   and
                   thrusting
                   down
                   a
                   small
                   silver
                   *
                   Instrument
                   ,
                   brought
                   away
                   the
                   Urin
                   and
                   other
                   excrementitious
                   humours
                   :
                   But
                   the
                   place
                   where
                   the
                   Issue
                   was
                   ,
                   he
                   first
                   turn'd
                   into
                   a
                   green
                   Wound
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   heal'd
                   it
                   up
                   .
                   Having
                   perform'd
                   this
                   extraordinary
                   Cure
                   ,
                   he
                   demanded
                   a
                   double
                   reward
                   ;
                   For
                   he
                   said
                   he
                   had
                   undertaken
                   to
                   Cure
                   a
                   sick
                   Woman
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   now
                   set
                   right
                   a
                   young
                   Man.
                   Callo
                   hereupon
                   laid
                   aside
                   her
                   Wheel
                   and
                   other
                   effeminate
                   Imployments
                   ,
                   and
                   took
                   upon
                   her
                   the
                   Name
                   of
                   Callon
                   ,
                   adding
                   only
                   the
                   last
                   Letter
                   N
                   to
                   her
                   former
                   Name
                   .
                   Some
                   say
                   ,
                   that
                   before
                   her
                   Transformation
                   ,
                   she
                   was
                   the
                   Priestess
                   of
                   Ceres
                   ,
                   and
                   because
                   she
                   shew'd
                   to
                   Men
                   those
                   things
                   that
                   were
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   seen
                   ,
                   this
                   judgment
                   fell
                   upon
                   her
                   for
                   her
                   Prophaness
                   .
                   They
                   report
                   that
                   at
                   Naples
                   and
                   several
                   other
                   places
                   the
                   like
                   hath
                   happen'd
                   ;
                   not
                   that
                   the
                   two
                   Sexes
                   of
                   Man
                   and
                   Woman
                   are
                   really
                   form'd
                   by
                   Nature
                   in
                   two
                   several
                   shapes
                   (
                   for
                   that
                   is
                   impossible
                   )
                   but
                   that
                   Nature
                   is
                   deceiv'd
                   in
                   fashioning
                   the
                   Members
                   of
                   the
                   Body
                   to
                   the
                   amazement
                   and
                   deceit
                   of
                   —
                   the
                   beholders
                   .
                   We
                   have
                   therefore
                   judg'd
                   these
                   strange
                   Events
                   which
                   are
                   brought
                   down
                   to
                   us
                   both
                   by
                   Writings
                   and
                   Traditions
                   ,
                   worthy
                   to
                   be
                   taken
                   notice
                   of
                   ,
                   in
                   respect
                   both
                   of
                   their
                   pleasure
                   and
                   profit
                   to
                   the
                   readers
                   .
                   For
                   many
                   looking
                   upon
                   such
                   things
                   as
                   these
                   ,
                   as
                   Monsters
                   in
                   Nature
                   ,
                   are
                   thereby
                   infected
                   with
                   a
                   kind
                   of
                   Superstition
                   :
                   Not
                   only
                   private
                   Men
                   but
                   whole
                   Cities
                   and
                   Nations
                   .
                   For
                   it
                   's
                   reported
                   that
                   a
                   little
                   before
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   the
                   Martian
                   War
                   ,
                   there
                   dwelt
                   an
                   Italian
                   near
                   Rome
                   ,
                   who
                   having
                   Marry'd
                   such
                   a
                   one
                   (
                   as
                   is
                   before
                   describ'd
                   )
                   complain'd
                   to
                   the
                   Senate
                   ,
                   upon
                   which
                   ,
                   they
                   out
                   of
                   a
                   fond
                   Superstition
                   ,
                   and
                   perswaded
                   thereunto
                   by
                   the
                   
                     Truscan
                     Augures
                  
                   ,
                   order'd
                   the
                   Hermaphrodite
                   to
                   be
                   burnt
                   .
                   And
                   thus
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   this
                   poor
                   Creature
                   was
                   most
                   unjustly
                   doom'd
                   to
                   destruction
                   ;
                   and
                   was
                   ignorantly
                   judg'd
                   a
                   Monster
                   ,
                   because
                   she
                   had
                   some
                   resemblance
                   of
                   both
                   Sexes
                   .
                   And
                   not
                   long
                   after
                   there
                   happen'd
                   the
                   like
                   at
                   Athens
                   ;
                   where
                   the
                   thing
                   not
                   being
                   understood
                   ,
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   the
                   Man
                   was
                   burnt
                   alive
                   .
                   Some
                   there
                   are
                   that
                   tell
                   idle
                   stories
                   how
                   that
                   there
                   are
                   Hyaene
                   (
                   for
                   so
                   they
                   call
                   such
                   as
                   are
                   both
                   Men
                   and
                   Women
                   )
                   who
                   have
                   Carnal
                   copulation
                   one
                   with
                   another
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   each
                   Sex
                   by
                   turns
                   every
                   other
                   Year
                   :
                   When
                   in
                   truth
                   there
                   is
                   no
                   such
                   thing
                   .
                   For
                   although
                   both
                   Sexes
                   have
                   a
                   peculiar
                   and
                   distinct
                   nature
                   without
                   participation
                   one
                   with
                   another
                   ,
                   yet
                   by
                   a
                   false
                   formation
                   the
                   inconsiderate
                   spectator
                   may
                   be
                   impos'd
                   upon
                   .
                   For
                   to
                   the
                   Female
                   (
                   which
                   is
                   naturally
                   such
                   )
                   is
                   join'd
                   something
                   like
                   unto
                   a
                   Mans
                   Yard
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   hand
                   to
                   the
                   natural
                   Male
                   ,
                   something
                   like
                   to
                   the
                   privy
                   parts
                   of
                   a
                   Woman
                   .
                   The
                   same
                   reason
                   holds
                   in
                   all
                   kind
                   of
                   living
                   Creatures
                   ,
                   there
                   being
                   many
                   and
                   various
                   sorts
                   of
                   prodigious
                   Births
                   ;
                   but
                   such
                   as
                   never
                   receive
                   any
                   nourishment
                   ,
                   nor
                   can
                   ever
                   come
                   to
                   any
                   perfection
                   .
                   But
                   what
                   hath
                   been
                   said
                   ,
                   may
                   suffice
                   for
                   the
                   reforming
                   this
                   superstition
                   .
                
                 
                   Frag.
                   2.
                   
                   They
                   say
                   that
                   the
                   Walls
                   of
                   Carthage
                   were
                   40
                   Cubits
                   high
                   ,
                   and
                   22
                   broad
                   But
                   tho'
                   they
                   were
                   so
                   ,
                   yet
                   the
                   Roman
                   Valour
                   and
                   Engines
                   were
                   too
                   strong
                   for
                   all
                   their
                   Defences
                   and
                   Fortifications
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   City
                   was
                   taken
                   and
                   raz'd
                   to
                   the
                   ground
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Frag.
                     3.
                     
                     Manasses
                  
                   (
                   called
                   Masinissa
                   by
                   the
                   Latines
                   )
                   who
                   Reign'd
                   in
                   Africk
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   always
                   a
                   Friend
                   to
                   the
                   Roman
                   ,
                   lived
                   Ninety
                   years
                   in
                   strength
                   ,
                   and
                   firm
                   health
                   ,
                   and
                   left
                   Ten
                   Sons
                   behind
                   him
                   when
                   he
                   dy'd
                   ,
                   whom
                   he
                   committed
                   to
                   the
                   Care
                   and
                   Guardianship
                   of
                   the
                   Romans
                   .
                   He
                   was
                   of
                   a
                   strong
                   Body
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   a
                   Child
                   inur'd
                   to
                   hardship
                   :
                   
                   in
                   what
                   ever
                   business
                   he
                   was
                   engag'd
                   ,
                   he
                   would
                   keep
                   close
                   to
                   it
                   all
                   the
                   day
                   immoveable
                   ;
                   he
                   would
                   never
                   rise
                   from
                   his
                   seat
                   till
                   night
                   ,
                   spending
                   the
                   whole
                   day
                   in
                   laborious
                   Projects
                   
                   and
                   Contrivances
                   .
                   When
                   he
                   was
                   once
                   on
                   Horseback
                   he
                   would
                   ride
                   continually
                   night
                   and
                   day
                   ,
                   and
                   never
                   be
                   weary
                   .
                   A
                   great
                   instance
                   of
                   the
                   health
                   and
                   strength
                   of
                   his
                   Body
                   ,
                   was
                   ,
                   That
                   when
                   he
                   was
                   almost
                   90
                   years
                   of
                   age
                   ,
                   he
                   had
                   a
                   Son
                   but
                   4
                   years
                   old
                   ,
                   yet
                   of
                   a
                   very
                   strong
                   Body
                   .
                   He
                   was
                   so
                   extraordinarily
                   given
                   to
                   Husbandry
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   left
                   to
                   every
                   one
                   of
                   his
                   Sons
                   10000
                   *
                   Plethras
                   of
                   Land
                   ,
                   Adorn'd
                   with
                   all
                   manner
                   of
                   delightful
                   Improvements
                   ,
                   and
                   Instruments
                   necessary
                   for
                   that
                   purpose
                   .
                   He
                   Reign'd
                   with
                   great
                   commendation
                   60
                   years
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Fragment
                     4
                     ,
                     Nicomedes
                  
                   after
                   he
                   had
                   routed
                   his
                   Father
                   Prusias
                   ,
                   and
                   forc'd
                   him
                   to
                   fly
                   to
                   the
                   Temple
                   of
                   Jupiter
                   for
                   shelter
                   ,
                   there
                   kill'd
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   that
                   wicked
                   and
                   bloody
                   Murther
                   got
                   possession
                   of
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   of
                   Bythinia
                   .
                
                 
                   
                     Fragment
                     5
                  
                   ,
                   The
                   *
                   Lusitanians
                   at
                   first
                   not
                   having
                   an
                   expert
                   General
                   ,
                   were
                   easily
                   vanquish'd
                   by
                   the
                   Romans
                   ;
                   but
                   after
                   Viriathus
                   became
                   their
                   General
                   ,
                   they
                   did
                   them
                   much
                   mischief
                   .
                   He
                   was
                   of
                   them
                   that
                   inhabited
                   the
                   Sea-coasts
                   ,
                   a
                   Shepheard
                   upon
                   the
                   Mountains
                   from
                   his
                   Childhood
                   ;
                   By
                   nature
                   of
                   an
                   healthful
                   Constitution
                   ,
                   in
                   strength
                   and
                   agility
                   of
                   Body
                   far
                   exceeding
                   all
                   the
                   Iberians
                   .
                   For
                   he
                   had
                   inur'd
                   himself
                   to
                   a
                   sparing
                   Diet
                   ,
                   much
                   Labour
                   and
                   Toil
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   no
                   more
                   sleep
                   than
                   was
                   absolutely
                   necessary
                   .
                   He
                   likewise
                   continually
                   carry'd
                   Iron
                   weapons
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   famous
                   for
                   his
                   Conflicts
                   both
                   with
                   wild
                   Beasts
                   and
                   Robbers
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   length
                   was
                   made
                   General
                   ;
                   upon
                   which
                   a
                   whole
                   drove
                   of
                   Thieves
                   and
                   Rogues
                   on
                   the
                   sudden
                   flock'd
                   about
                   him
                   .
                   Being
                   very
                   successful
                   in
                   many
                   Battles
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   not
                   only
                   admir'd
                   for
                   his
                   other
                   Excellencies
                   ,
                   but
                   likewise
                   for
                   his
                   Military
                   Conduct
                   .
                   Besides
                   ,
                   in
                   distribution
                   of
                   the
                   spoils
                   he
                   was
                   very
                   just
                   ,
                   allotting
                   to
                   every
                   Man
                   proportionable
                   to
                   his
                   Merits
                   and
                   Deserts
                   .
                   Still
                   proceeding
                   and
                   prospering
                   he
                   approv'd
                   himself
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Prince
                   ,
                   rather
                   than
                   a
                   Thief
                   and
                   a
                   Robber
                   .
                   He
                   fought
                   several
                   Battles
                   with
                   the
                   
                   Romans
                   and
                   came
                   off
                   Conqueror
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   as
                   he
                   routed
                   Vitilius
                   the
                   Roman
                   General
                   ,
                   broke
                   his
                   Army
                   and
                   took
                   him
                   prisoner
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   put
                   him
                   to
                   death
                   .
                   And
                   many
                   other
                   brave
                   Exploits
                   he
                   perform'd
                   ,
                   till
                   Fabius
                   was
                   appointed
                   to
                   go
                   out
                   as
                   General
                   against
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   from
                   that
                   time
                   he
                   began
                   to
                   decline
                   .
                   But
                   not
                   long
                   after
                   rallying
                   his
                   Men
                   ,
                   and
                   bravely
                   managing
                   the
                   matter
                   against
                   Fabius
                   ,
                   he
                   forc'd
                   him
                   to
                   Terms
                   dishonourable
                   to
                   the
                   Roman
                   Name
                   ,
                   But
                   Coepio
                   who
                   was
                   afterwards
                   General
                   against
                   Viriathus
                   ,
                   slighted
                   all
                   the
                   former
                   Conditions
                   as
                   of
                   no
                   effect
                   ,
                   and
                   often
                   routed
                   Viriathus
                   ,
                   whom
                   (
                   now
                   being
                   reduc'd
                   to
                   those
                   straits
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   he
                   su'd
                   for
                   terms
                   of
                   Peace
                   )
                   he
                   caus'd
                   to
                   be
                   treacherously
                   assassinated
                   by
                   some
                   of
                   his
                   own
                   Servants
                   :
                   and
                   striking
                   a
                   Terror
                   into
                   Tantalus
                   his
                   Successor
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   his
                   Army
                   ,
                   he
                   impos'd
                   what
                   Terms
                   and
                   Conditions
                   he
                   pleas'd
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   conclusion
                   gave
                   them
                   the
                   City
                   and
                   Land
                   about
                   for
                   their
                   Habitation
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Out
                   of
                   the
                   34th
                   .
                   Book
                   .
                
                 
                   Fragm
                   .
                   1.
                   
                   KIng
                   *
                   Antiochus
                   Besieg'd
                   Jerusalem
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   Jews
                   stood
                   it
                   out
                   for
                   some
                   time
                   :
                   But
                   when
                   all
                   their
                   Provision
                   was
                   spent
                   ,
                   they
                   were
                   forc'd
                   to
                   send
                   
                   Ambassadors
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   to
                   treat
                   upon
                   Terms
                   .
                   Many
                   of
                   his
                   Friends
                   perswaded
                   him
                   to
                   Storm
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   root
                   out
                   the
                   whole
                   Nation
                   of
                   the
                   Jews
                   ;
                   For
                   that
                   they
                   only
                   of
                   all
                   People
                   ,
                   hated
                   to
                   Converse
                   with
                   any
                   of
                   another
                   Nation
                   ,
                   and
                   treated
                   them
                   all
                   as
                   Enemies
                   :
                   And
                   they
                   suggested
                   to
                   him
                   that
                   their
                   Ancestors
                   were
                   driven
                   out
                   of
                   Aegypt
                   ,
                   as
                   impious
                   and
                   hateful
                   to
                   the
                   Gods
                   :
                   For
                   their
                   Bodies
                   being
                   overspread
                   ,
                   and
                   infected
                   with
                   the
                   Itch
                   and
                   Leprosie
                   ,
                   (
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   expiation
                   )
                   they
                   got
                   them
                   together
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   prophane
                   and
                   wicked
                   wretches
                   ,
                   expell'd
                   them
                   out
                   of
                   their
                   Coasts
                   :
                   And
                   that
                   those
                   who
                   were
                   thus
                   expell'd
                   ,
                   seated
                   themselves
                   about
                   Jerusalem
                   ,
                   and
                   being
                   after
                   imbodyed
                   into
                   one
                   Nation
                   (
                   call'd
                   the
                   Nation
                   of
                   the
                   Jews
                   )
                   their
                   hatred
                   of
                   all
                   other
                   Men
                   descended
                   with
                   their
                   Blood
                   to
                   Posterity
                   .
                   And
                   therefore
                   they
                   made
                   strange
                   Laws
                   ,
                   and
                   quite
                   different
                   from
                   other
                   People
                   :
                   Never
                   will
                   Eat
                   or
                   Drink
                   with
                   any
                   of
                   another
                   Nation
                   ,
                   or
                   wish
                   them
                   any
                   prosperity
                   .
                   For
                   said
                   they
                   ,
                   Antiochus
                   surnam'd
                   Epiphanes
                   having
                   subdu'd
                   the
                   Jews
                   ,
                   entred
                   into
                   the
                   Temple
                   of
                   God
                   ,
                   into
                   which
                   none
                   was
                   to
                   enter
                   by
                   their
                   Law
                   but
                   the
                   Priest
                   ;
                   in
                   which
                   when
                   he
                   found
                   the
                   Image
                   of
                   a
                   Man
                   with
                   a
                   long
                   Beard
                   ,
                   carv'd
                   in
                   Stone
                   sitting
                   upon
                   an
                   Ass
                   ,
                   he
                   took
                   it
                   to
                   be
                   Moses
                   who
                   built
                   Jerusalem
                   ,
                   and
                   settled
                   the
                   Nation
                   ,
                   and
                   establish'd
                   by
                   Law
                   all
                   their
                   wicked
                   Customs
                   and
                   Practices
                   ,
                   abounding
                   in
                   hatred
                   and
                   enmity
                   to
                   all
                   other
                   Men.
                   Antiochus
                   therefore
                   abhorring
                   this
                   their
                   contrariety
                   to
                   all
                   other
                   People
                   ,
                   us'd
                   his
                   utmost
                   endeavour
                   to
                   abrogate
                   their
                   Laws
                   .
                   To
                   that
                   end
                   he
                   sacrific'd
                   a
                   great
                   Swine
                   at
                   the
                   Image
                   of
                   Moses
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   the
                   Altar
                   of
                   God
                   that
                   stood
                   in
                   the
                   outward
                   Court
                   ,
                   and
                   sprinkled
                   them
                   with
                   the
                   blood
                   of
                   the
                   Sacrifice
                   .
                   He
                   commanded
                   likewise
                   that
                   the
                   Sacred
                   Books
                   ,
                   whereby
                   they
                   were
                   taught
                   to
                   hate
                   all
                   other
                   Nations
                   ,
                   should
                   be
                   besprinkled
                   with
                   the
                   Broth
                   made
                   of
                   the
                   Swines
                   flesh
                   :
                   And
                   he
                   put
                   out
                   the
                   Lamp
                   (
                   call'd
                   by
                   them
                   Immortal
                   )
                   which
                   was
                   ever
                   burning
                   
                   in
                   the
                   Temple
                   .
                   Lastly
                   he
                   forc'd
                   the
                   high
                   Priest
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   Jews
                   to
                   eat
                   Swines
                   flesh
                   When
                   Antiochus
                   his
                   Friends
                   had
                   debated
                   and
                   considered
                   of
                   these
                   things
                   ,
                   they
                   were
                   very
                   earnest
                   with
                   him
                   to
                   root
                   out
                   the
                   whole
                   Nation
                   ,
                   or
                   at
                   least
                   that
                   he
                   would
                   abrogate
                   their
                   Laws
                   ,
                   and
                   compel
                   them
                   to
                   change
                   their
                   former
                   manner
                   of
                   living
                   and
                   conversation
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   King
                   being
                   of
                   a
                   generous
                   Spirit
                   ,
                   and
                   mild
                   disposition
                   receiv'd
                   Hostages
                   ,
                   and
                   pardon'd
                   the
                   Jews
                   :
                   But
                   demolish'd
                   the
                   Walls
                   of
                   Jerusalem
                   ,
                   and
                   took
                   the
                   Tribute
                   that
                   was
                   due
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   The
                   Affairs
                   of
                   Sicily
                   after
                   the
                   overthrow
                   of
                   —
                   Carthage
                   —
                   having
                   continu'd
                   succesful
                   
                   and
                   prosperous
                   for
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   60
                   Years
                   ;
                   at
                   length
                   broke
                   out
                   the
                   servile
                   War
                   upon
                   the
                   following
                   occasions
                   .
                   The
                   Sicilians
                   (
                   through
                   the
                   enjoyment
                   of
                   a
                   long
                   Peace
                   )
                   being
                   grown
                   very
                   Rich
                   ,
                   brought
                   up
                   abundance
                   of
                   Slaves
                   ;
                   who
                   being
                   driven
                   in
                   Droves
                   like
                   so
                   many
                   Herds
                   of
                   Cattle
                   from
                   the
                   several
                   places
                   where
                   they
                   were
                   Bred
                   and
                   brought
                   up
                   ,
                   were
                   stigmatiz'd
                   with
                   certain
                   Marks
                   burnt
                   into
                   their
                   Bodies
                   :
                   Those
                   that
                   were
                   Young
                   ,
                   they
                   us'd
                   for
                   Shepherds
                   ,
                   others
                   for
                   such
                   services
                   as
                   they
                   had
                   occasion
                   .
                   But
                   their
                   Masters
                   were
                   very
                   rigid
                   and
                   severe
                   with
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   took
                   no
                   care
                   to
                   provide
                   either
                   necessary
                   food
                   ,
                   or
                   raiment
                   for
                   them
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   as
                   that
                   most
                   of
                   them
                   were
                   forc'd
                   to
                   Rob
                   and
                   Steal
                   ,
                   to
                   get
                   necessaries
                   :
                   So
                   that
                   all
                   places
                   were
                   full
                   of
                   slaughters
                   and
                   murders
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   an
                   Army
                   of
                   Thieves
                   and
                   Robbers
                   had
                   been
                   dispers'd
                   all
                   over
                   the
                   Island
                   .
                   The
                   Governours
                   of
                   the
                   Provinces
                   (
                   to
                   say
                   the
                   truth
                   )
                   did
                   what
                   they
                   could
                   to
                   suppress
                   them
                   :
                   But
                   because
                   they
                   durst
                   not
                   punish
                   them
                   ,
                   in
                   regard
                   their
                   Masters
                   (
                   who
                   had
                   the
                   sole
                   Command
                   and
                   Power
                   over
                   their
                   Servants
                   )
                   were
                   Rich
                   ,
                   and
                   Men
                   in
                   Authority
                   ,
                   every
                   Governor
                   in
                   his
                   several
                   Province
                   was
                   forc'd
                   to
                   connive
                   at
                   the
                   thefts
                   and
                   rapines
                   that
                   were
                   committed
                   .
                   For
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   Masters
                   being
                   Roman
                   Knights
                   ,
                   and
                   Judges
                   of
                   the
                   accusations
                   (
                   brought
                   before
                   the
                   Praetors
                   )
                   were
                   a
                   Terror
                   even
                   to
                   the
                   Governors
                   themselves
                   .
                   The
                   Slaves
                   therefore
                   being
                   in
                   this
                   distress
                   ,
                   and
                   vilely
                   beaten
                   and
                   scourg'd
                   beyond
                   all
                   reason
                   ,
                   were
                   now
                   resolv'd
                   not
                   to
                   bear
                   any
                   longer
                   .
                   Therefore
                   meeting
                   together
                   from
                   time
                   to
                   time
                   as
                   they
                   had
                   opportunity
                   ,
                   they
                   consulted
                   how
                   to
                   free
                   themselves
                   from
                   the
                   Yoke
                   of
                   Servitude
                   they
                   lay
                   under
                   ,
                   till
                   at
                   length
                   they
                   really
                   executed
                   what
                   they
                   had
                   before
                   agreed
                   upon
                   .
                   There
                   was
                   a
                   Syrian
                   a
                   Servant
                   of
                   Antigenes
                   of
                   Enna
                   ,
                   born
                   in
                   the
                   City
                   of
                   *
                   Apanea
                   a
                   Magitian
                   and
                   Conjurer
                   :
                   He
                   pretended
                   to
                   tell
                   future
                   Events
                   (
                   or
                   Fortunes
                   )
                   discover'd
                   to
                   him
                   as
                   he
                   said
                   by
                   the
                   Gods
                   in
                   his
                   Dreams
                   ,
                   and
                   impos'd
                   upon
                   many
                   by
                   this
                   kind
                   of
                   practice
                   .
                   Then
                   he
                   proceeded
                   further
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   only
                   foretold
                   things
                   to
                   come
                   ,
                   reveal'd
                   to
                   him
                   in
                   Dreams
                   ,
                   but
                   pretended
                   that
                   he
                   saw
                   the
                   Gods
                   when
                   he
                   was
                   awake
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   declar'd
                   to
                   him
                   what
                   was
                   to
                   come
                   to
                   pass
                   .
                   And
                   tho'
                   he
                   thus
                   juggled
                   ,
                   and
                   play'd
                   the
                   fool
                   ,
                   yet
                   by
                   chance
                   many
                   things
                   afterwards
                   prov'd
                   true
                   .
                   And
                   whereas
                   those
                   things
                   which
                   never
                   happen'd
                   ,
                   were
                   by
                   none
                   censur'd
                   ,
                   but
                   those
                   which
                   did
                   come
                   to
                   pass
                   were
                   every
                   where
                   applauded
                   ,
                   he
                   grew
                   more
                   and
                   more
                   into
                   esteem
                   .
                   At
                   length
                   by
                   some
                   trick
                   of
                   Art
                   or
                   other
                   ,
                   he
                   would
                   breath
                   flames
                   of
                   Fire
                   out
                   at
                   his
                   Mouth
                   as
                   from
                   a
                   burning
                   Lamp
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   would
                   prophecy
                   as
                   if
                   he
                   had
                   been
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   inspir'd
                   by
                   Apollo
                   .
                   For
                   he
                   put
                   Fire
                   with
                   some
                   combustible
                   marter
                   to
                   feed
                   it
                   ,
                   into
                   a
                   Nut-shell
                   or
                   some
                   such
                   thing
                   bor'd
                   through
                   on
                   both
                   sides
                   ,
                   then
                   putting
                   it
                   into
                   his
                   Mouth
                   ,
                   and
                   forcing
                   his
                   Breath
                   ,
                   
                     upon
                     it
                     there
                     would
                     issue
                     out
                     both
                     sparks
                     and
                     flames
                     of
                     Fire
                     .
                  
                   
                   Before
                   the
                   defection
                   ,
                   this
                   Juggler
                   boasted
                   that
                   the
                   Goddess
                   Syria
                   had
                   appear'd
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   told
                   him
                   that
                   he
                   should
                   Reign
                   ,
                   and
                   this
                   he
                   declar'd
                   not
                   only
                   to
                   others
                   but
                   often
                   to
                   his
                   own
                   Master
                   .
                   The
                   thing
                   being
                   become
                   a
                   common
                   jest
                   and
                   subject
                   of
                   laughter
                   ,
                   Antigenes
                   was
                   so
                   taken
                   with
                   this
                   jest
                   ,
                   and
                   ridiculous
                   conceit
                   of
                   the
                   Man
                   ,
                   he
                   took
                   Eunus
                   (
                   for
                   so
                   he
                   was
                   call'd
                   )
                   with
                   him
                   to
                   Feasts
                   and
                   Repasts
                   ,
                   and
                   several
                   questions
                   being
                   put
                   to
                   him
                   concerning
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   ask'd
                   how
                   he
                   would
                   deal
                   with
                   every
                   one
                   that
                   was
                   there
                   present
                   at
                   the
                   Table
                   :
                   He
                   readily
                   went
                   on
                   with
                   his
                   story
                   ,
                   and
                   told
                   them
                   that
                   he
                   would
                   be
                   very
                   kind
                   to
                   his
                   Masters
                   ,
                   and
                   like
                   a
                   Conjurer
                   using
                   many
                   monstrous
                   Magical
                   terms
                   ,
                   and
                   expressions
                   ,
                   he
                   set
                   all
                   the
                   Guests
                   a
                   laughing
                   ,
                   upon
                   which
                   some
                   of
                   them
                   as
                   a
                   reward
                   gave
                   him
                   large
                   Messes
                   from
                   the
                   Table
                   ,
                   desiring
                   him
                   to
                   remember
                   their
                   kindness
                   when
                   he
                   came
                   to
                   his
                   Kingdom
                   :
                   But
                   all
                   this
                   jesting
                   came
                   at
                   length
                   really
                   to
                   end
                   in
                   the
                   advancing
                   of
                   him
                   to
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   ;
                   and
                   all
                   those
                   who
                   at
                   the
                   Feasts
                   by
                   way
                   of
                   ridicule
                   had
                   been
                   kind
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   he
                   rewarded
                   in
                   earnest
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   the
                   beginning
                   of
                   the
                   defection
                   was
                   in
                   this
                   manner
                   ,
                   There
                   was
                   one
                   Damophilus
                   of
                   Enna
                   ,
                   a
                   Man
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   his
                   Wealth
                   ,
                   of
                   a
                   great
                   Spirit
                   ,
                   but
                   of
                   a
                   proud
                   and
                   haughty
                   disposition
                   .
                   This
                   Man
                   above
                   all
                   measure
                   was
                   cruel
                   and
                   severe
                   to
                   his
                   Servants
                   ;
                   and
                   his
                   Wife
                   Megallis
                   strove
                   to
                   exceed
                   her
                   Husband
                   in
                   all
                   kind
                   of
                   cruelty
                   and
                   inhumanity
                   towards
                   the
                   Slaves
                   .
                   Upon
                   this
                   ,
                   they
                   that
                   had
                   been
                   thus
                   cruelly
                   us'd
                   ,
                   were
                   inrag'd
                   like
                   wild
                   Beasts
                   ,
                   and
                   plotted
                   together
                   to
                   rise
                   in
                   Arms
                   and
                   cut
                   the
                   Throats
                   of
                   their
                   Masters
                   .
                   To
                   this
                   end
                   they
                   appli'd
                   themselves
                   to
                   Eunus
                   ,
                   and
                   desir'd
                   to
                   know
                   of
                   him
                   whether
                   the
                   Gods
                   would
                   succeed
                   them
                   in
                   their
                   design
                   .
                   He
                   incouraging
                   them
                   declar'd
                   that
                   they
                   should
                   prosper
                   in
                   what
                   they
                   had
                   in
                   hand
                   ,
                   using
                   (
                   according
                   to
                   his
                   former
                   manner
                   )
                   Conjuring
                   
                   words
                   and
                   expressions
                   ,
                   and
                   charging
                   them
                   to
                   be
                   speedy
                   in
                   their
                   Execution
                   .
                   Whereupon
                   they
                   forthwith
                   rais'd
                   a
                   Body
                   of
                   400
                   Slaves
                   ,
                   and
                   upon
                   the
                   first
                   opportunity
                   (
                   oh
                   a
                   sudden
                   )
                   broke
                   in
                   Arm'd
                   into
                   the
                   City
                   Enna
                   ,
                   led
                   by
                   their
                   Captain
                   Eunus
                   ,
                   by
                   his
                   juggling
                   tricks
                   ,
                   flaming
                   out
                   Fire
                   at
                   his
                   Mouth
                   .
                   Then
                   entring
                   the
                   Houses
                   ,
                   they
                   made
                   so
                   great
                   a
                   slaughter
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   they
                   spar'd
                   not
                   even
                   the
                   sucking
                   Children
                   ,
                   but
                   pluckt
                   them
                   violently
                   from
                   their
                   
                   Mothers
                   Breasts
                   and
                   dash'd
                   them
                   against
                   the
                   Ground
                   :
                   It
                   cannot
                   be
                   express'd
                   how
                   vilely
                   and
                   filthily
                   (
                   for
                   the
                   satisfying
                   of
                   their
                   Lusts
                   )
                   they
                   us'd
                   Mens
                   Wives
                   in
                   the
                   very
                   presence
                   of
                   their
                   Husbands
                   .
                   With
                   these
                   Villains
                   join'd
                   a
                   multitude
                   of
                   Slaves
                   that
                   were
                   in
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   and
                   first
                   executed
                   their
                   rage
                   and
                   cruelty
                   upon
                   their
                   Masters
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   fell
                   a
                   murdering
                   others
                   .
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   Eunus
                   heard
                   that
                   Damophilus
                   and
                   his
                   Wife
                   were
                   in
                   some
                   Orchards
                   near
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   he
                   sent
                   therefore
                   some
                   of
                   his
                   rabble
                   thither
                   ,
                   who
                   brought
                   them
                   with
                   their
                   Hands
                   ty'd
                   upon
                   their
                   Backs
                   ,
                   loading
                   them
                   all
                   along
                   the
                   Way
                   as
                   they
                   past
                   with
                   scoffs
                   and
                   scorns
                   ;
                   only
                   they
                   declar'd
                   that
                   they
                   would
                   be
                   kind
                   in
                   every
                   respect
                   to
                   his
                   Daughter
                   ,
                   for
                   her
                   pity
                   and
                   compassion
                   towards
                   the
                   Servants
                   ,
                   and
                   her
                   readiness
                   always
                   to
                   be
                   helpful
                   to
                   them
                   .
                   They
                   that
                   were
                   sent
                   for
                   Damophilus
                   and
                   Megallis
                   his
                   Wife
                   to
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   brought
                   them
                   into
                   the
                   Theatre
                   ,
                   whither
                   all
                   the
                   Rabble
                   that
                   made
                   a
                   defection
                   flockt
                   .
                   There
                   Damophilus
                   pleading
                   earnestly
                   for
                   his
                   Life
                   ,
                   and
                   moving
                   many
                   with
                   what
                   he
                   said
                   ,
                   Hermias
                   and
                   Zexis
                   loaded
                   him
                   with
                   many
                   bitter
                   accusations
                   ,
                   and
                   call'd
                   him
                   a
                   Cheat
                   and
                   Dissembler
                   ;
                   and
                   not
                   waiting
                   what
                   would
                   be
                   determin'd
                   by
                   the
                   People
                   concerning
                   him
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   ran
                   him
                   through
                   with
                   a
                   Sword
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   other
                   cut
                   of
                   his
                   Head
                   with
                   an
                   Ax.
                   Then
                   they
                   made
                   
                   Eunus
                   King
                   ,
                   not
                   for
                   his
                   Valour
                   or
                   Skill
                   in
                   Martial
                   affairs
                   ,
                   but
                   upon
                   the
                   account
                   of
                   his
                   extraordinary
                   Art
                   in
                   Juggling
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   the
                   Head
                   and
                   Author
                   of
                   the
                   Defection
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   that
                   his
                   Name
                   seem'd
                   to
                   portend
                   and
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   good
                   Omen
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   would
                   be
                   *
                   kind
                   to
                   his
                   Subjects
                   .
                   Being
                   therefore
                   made
                   General
                   (
                   with
                   absolute
                   Power
                   )
                   to
                   order
                   and
                   dispose
                   of
                   all
                   things
                   as
                   he
                   pleas'd
                   ,
                   an
                   Assembly
                   was
                   call'd
                   ,
                   and
                   he
                   put
                   all
                   the
                   Prisoners
                   to
                   death
                   except
                   such
                   as
                   were
                   skilful
                   in
                   making
                   of
                   Arms
                   ,
                   whom
                   he
                   forth
                   with
                   set
                   on
                   Work
                   ;
                   as
                   for
                   Megallis
                   he
                   delivered
                   her
                   up
                   to
                   the
                   will
                   of
                   the
                   Women
                   Slaves
                   ,
                   to
                   take
                   their
                   revenge
                   of
                   
                   her
                   as
                   they
                   thought
                   fit
                   :
                   Who
                   after
                   they
                   had
                   whipp'd
                   and
                   tormented
                   her
                   ,
                   threw
                   her
                   down
                   a
                   steep
                   precipice
                   .
                   And
                   Eunus
                   himself
                   kill'd
                   his
                   own
                   Master
                   Antigenes
                   and
                   Pytho
                   .
                   At
                   length
                   putting
                   the
                   Crown
                   upon
                   his
                   Head
                   ,
                   and
                   grac'd
                   with
                   all
                   the
                   Ensigns
                   of
                   Royalty
                   ,
                   he
                   caus'd
                   his
                   Wife
                   (
                   who
                   was
                   a
                   Syrian
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   City
                   )
                   to
                   be
                   own'd
                   as
                   Queen
                   ,
                   and
                   chose
                   such
                   as
                   he
                   judg'd
                   to
                   be
                   most
                   prudent
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   his
                   privy
                   Council
                   .
                   Amongst
                   whom
                   was
                   one
                   Achaeus
                   by
                   Name
                   ,
                   and
                   an
                   Achaean
                   by
                   Nation
                   ,
                   a
                   wise
                   Man
                   and
                   a
                   good
                   Soldier
                   :
                   Having
                   therefore
                   got
                   together
                   in
                   the
                   space
                   of
                   Three
                   days
                   above
                   6000
                   Men
                   ,
                   Arm'd
                   with
                   what
                   they
                   could
                   by
                   any
                   ways
                   or
                   means
                   lay
                   their
                   Hands
                   upon
                   ,
                   and
                   being
                   join'd
                   with
                   others
                   ,
                   who
                   were
                   all
                   surnish'd
                   either
                   with
                   Axes
                   ,
                   Hatchets
                   ,
                   Slings
                   ,
                   Bills
                   ,
                   or
                   Stakes
                   sharppen'd
                   and
                   burnt
                   at
                   one
                   End
                   ,
                   or
                   with
                   Spits
                   ,
                   he
                   ravag'd
                   and
                   made
                   spioil
                   all
                   over
                   the
                   Country
                   .
                   And
                   being
                   at
                   length
                   join'd
                   with
                   an
                   infinite
                   number
                   of
                   Slaves
                   ,
                   they
                   grew
                   to
                   that
                   height
                   and
                   boldness
                   as
                   to
                   engage
                   in
                   a
                   War
                   with
                   the
                   Roman
                   Generals
                   :
                   And
                   often
                   in
                   several
                   Battles
                   got
                   the
                   Victory
                   ,
                   by
                   overpowr'ing
                   them
                   with
                   Number
                   ;
                   having
                   now
                   with
                   him
                   above
                   10000
                   Men.
                   
                
                 
                   In
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   ,
                   one
                   Cleon
                   a
                   Cilicean
                   was
                   the
                   Author
                   of
                   another
                   desection
                   of
                   the
                   Slaves
                   ,
                   and
                   now
                   all
                   were
                   in
                   hopes
                   that
                   this
                   unruly
                   Rabble
                   would
                   fall
                   together
                   by
                   the
                   
                   Ears
                   one
                   with
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   Sicily
                   would
                   be
                   rid
                   of
                   them
                   through
                   the
                   mutual
                   slaughters
                   and
                   destructions
                   amongst
                   themselves
                   .
                   But
                   contrary
                   to
                   all
                   Mens
                   hopes
                   and
                   expectations
                   ,
                   they
                   join'd
                   Forces
                   together
                   ;
                   and
                   Cleon
                   was
                   observant
                   in
                   every
                   thing
                   to
                   the
                   Commands
                   of
                   Eunus
                   ,
                   and
                   serv'd
                   General
                   under
                   him
                   as
                   his
                   Prince
                   ,
                   having
                   5000
                   Men
                   of
                   his
                   own
                   Soldiers
                   .
                   Thirty
                   days
                   were
                   now
                   expir'd
                   since
                   the
                   first
                   beginning
                   of
                   this
                   Rebellion
                   :
                   And
                   presently
                   after
                   a
                   Battle
                   was
                   fought
                   with
                   
                     Lucius
                     Hypsius
                  
                   (
                   who
                   coming
                   from
                   Rome
                   Commanded
                   8000
                   Sicilians
                   )
                   in
                   which
                   Fight
                   the
                   Rebels
                   got
                   the
                   day
                   ,
                   who
                   were
                   then
                   20000
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   a
                   very
                   short
                   time
                   after
                   ,
                   their
                   Army
                   increas'd
                   to
                   200000
                   Men.
                   And
                   although
                   they
                   fought
                   with
                   the
                   Romans
                   themselves
                   ,
                   yet
                   they
                   often
                   came
                   off
                   Conquerors
                   ,
                   and
                   were
                   very
                   seldom
                   beaten
                   .
                   This
                   being
                   nois'd
                   abroad
                   ,
                   a
                   defection
                   began
                   at
                   Rome
                   by
                   150
                   Slaves
                   that
                   conspir'd
                   against
                   the
                   Government
                   .
                   The
                   like
                   in
                   Attica
                   by
                   1000
                   ,
                   the
                   like
                   at
                   Delos
                   and
                   many
                   other
                   Places
                   .
                   But
                   those
                   in
                   the
                   several
                   Places
                   (
                   who
                   had
                   intrusted
                   their
                   Concerns
                   in
                   their
                   Hands
                   )
                   to
                   prevent
                   the
                   mischief
                   from
                   growing
                   further
                   ,
                   made
                   a
                   quick
                   dispatch
                   ,
                   and
                   fell
                   upon
                   them
                   on
                   the
                   sudden
                   ,
                   and
                   put
                   them
                   all
                   to
                   death
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   those
                   that
                   remain'd
                   and
                   were
                   ready
                   to
                   break
                   out
                   into
                   Rebellion
                   ,
                   were
                   reduc'd
                   to
                   more
                   sound
                   and
                   sober
                   thoughts
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   in
                   Sicily
                   the
                   disorders
                   more
                   and
                   more
                   increas'd
                   :
                   For
                   Cities
                   were
                   taken
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   their
                   Inhabitants
                   made
                   Slaves
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   Armies
                   were
                   cut
                   off
                   by
                   the
                   Rebells
                   ,
                   until
                   
                   such
                   time
                   as
                   Rupilius
                   the
                   Roman
                   General
                   recover'd
                   Tauromenium
                   ,
                   after
                   the
                   Besieg'd
                   had
                   been
                   reduc'd
                   to
                   that
                   extremity
                   of
                   Famine
                   (
                   by
                   a
                   sharp
                   and
                   close
                   Siege
                   )
                   as
                   that
                   they
                   began
                   to
                   eat
                   their
                   own
                   Children
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Men
                   their
                   Wives
                   ;
                   and
                   at
                   length
                   Butcher'd
                   one
                   another
                   for
                   Food
                   .
                   There
                   he
                   took
                   Comanus
                   the
                   Brother
                   of
                   Cleon
                   ,
                   who
                   was
                   endeavouring
                   to
                   escape
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   City
                   while
                   it
                   was
                   besieg'd
                   .
                   At
                   last
                   Sarapion
                   a
                   Syrian
                   ,
                   having
                   betray'd
                   the
                   Cittadel
                   ,
                   all
                   the
                   Fugitives
                   fell
                   into
                   his
                   hands
                   ,
                   whom
                   having
                   first
                   scourg'd
                   ,
                   he
                   afterwards
                   crucified
                   .
                   Thence
                   he
                   march'd
                   to
                   Enna
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   a
                   long
                   Siege
                   reduc'd
                   them
                   into
                   such
                   straits
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   there
                   was
                   no
                   hopes
                   left
                   to
                   escape
                   .
                   Afterwards
                   having
                   slain
                   Cleon
                   their
                   General
                   (
                   who
                   had
                   made
                   a
                   Sally
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   City
                   and
                   fought
                   lik
                   a
                   Hero
                   )
                   he
                   expos'd
                   his
                   Body
                   to
                   open
                   view
                   ;
                   and
                   not
                   long
                   after
                   this
                   City
                   likewise
                   was
                   betray'd
                   into
                   his
                   Hands
                   ,
                   which
                   otherwise
                   could
                   never
                   have
                   been
                   taken
                   by
                   force
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   natural
                   Strength
                   of
                   the
                   Place
                   .
                   And
                   as
                   for
                   Eunus
                   ,
                   he
                   like
                   a
                   Coward
                   fled
                   with
                   600
                   of
                   his
                   Guards
                   to
                   the
                   tops
                   of
                   certain
                   high
                   Rocks
                   ,
                   where
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   with
                   him
                   (
                   foreseeing
                   their
                   inevitabe
                   ruin
                   ,
                   for
                   Rupilius
                   pursued
                   them
                   close
                   )
                   cut
                   one
                   anothers
                   Throats
                   .
                   But
                   Eunus
                   the
                   juggling
                   King
                   (
                   out
                   of
                   fear
                   )
                   hid
                   himself
                   in
                   some
                   Caves
                   ,
                   he
                   had
                   found
                   out
                   for
                   that
                   purpose
                   ;
                   whence
                   he
                   was
                   pluckt
                   out
                   with
                   four
                   others
                   of
                   his
                   Gang
                   ,
                   viz.
                   his
                   Cook
                   ,
                   his
                   Barber
                   ,
                   he
                   that
                   rubb'd
                   him
                   in
                   the
                   Bath
                   ,
                   and
                   he
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   midst
                   of
                   his
                   Cups
                   was
                   his
                   Jester
                   .
                   To
                   conclude
                   he
                   was
                   thrown
                   into
                   the
                   Goal
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   eaten
                   up
                   of
                   Lice
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   ended
                   his
                   days
                   at
                   *
                   Morgantina
                   by
                   a
                   death
                   worthy
                   the
                   former
                   wickedness
                   of
                   his
                   Life
                   .
                   Rupilius
                   afterwards
                   with
                   a
                   
                   small
                   body
                   of
                   Men
                   ,
                   (
                   marching
                   all
                   over
                   Sicily
                   )
                   presently
                   clear'd
                   the
                   Country
                   of
                   Theeves
                   and
                   Robbers
                   .
                   This
                   Eunus
                   King
                   of
                   the
                   Robbers
                   call'd
                   himself
                   Antiochus
                   ,
                   and
                   all
                   his
                   followers
                   Syrians
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Out
                   of
                   the
                   36th
                   .
                   BOOK
                   .
                
                 
                   ABout
                   the
                   time
                   that
                   Marius
                   in
                   a
                   great
                   Battle
                   routed
                   Bocchus
                   and
                   Jugurtha
                   ,
                   the
                   African
                   
                   Kings
                   ,
                   and
                   slew
                   many
                   thousands
                   of
                   the
                   Africans
                   ,
                   and
                   afterwards
                   took
                   Jugurtha
                   himself
                   (
                   deliver'd
                   up
                   to
                   him
                   by
                   Bocchus
                   ,
                   to
                   gain
                   favour
                   and
                   pardon
                   from
                   the
                   Romans
                   for
                   his
                   making
                   War
                   upon
                   them
                   ,
                   )
                   the
                   Romans
                   themselves
                   were
                   in
                   great
                   perplexity
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   many
                   losses
                   they
                   had
                   sustain'd
                   by
                   the
                   Cimbrians
                   ,
                   who
                   then
                   ravag'd
                   and
                   harrass'd
                   all
                   the
                   Countrey
                   of
                   *
                   Gall.
                   And
                   in
                   further
                   aggravation
                   of
                   what
                   they
                   suffer'd
                   ,
                   at
                   the
                   very
                   same
                   time
                   came
                   some
                   out
                   of
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   who
                   gave
                   an
                   account
                   of
                   many
                   thousand
                   Slaves
                   that
                   were
                   there
                   risen
                   up
                   in
                   Arms.
                   Whereupon
                   the
                   whole
                   Roman
                   Commonwealth
                   was
                   in
                   such
                   straits
                   ,
                   
                   that
                   they
                   knew
                   not
                   which
                   way
                   to
                   turn
                   themselves
                   ,
                   having
                   lost
                   60000
                   Men
                   in
                   Gall
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   War
                   against
                   the
                   Cimbrians
                   ,
                   and
                   they
                   had
                   not
                   then
                   Soldiers
                   sufficient
                   for
                   a
                   new
                   Expedition
                   .
                   And
                   besides
                   ,
                   (
                   before
                   the
                   Rebellion
                   of
                   the
                   Slaves
                   in
                   Sicily
                   )
                   there
                   were
                   Defections
                   that
                   disturb'd
                   —
                   the
                   State
                   in
                   Italy
                   ;
                   but
                   they
                   were
                   short
                   and
                   inconsiderable
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   God
                   had
                   appointed
                   these
                   for
                   Omens
                   and
                   Presages
                   of
                   the
                   great
                   Rebellion
                   in
                   Sicily
                   .
                   The
                   first
                   rising
                   was
                   at
                   *
                   Nusiaeria
                   ,
                   where
                   30.
                   
                   Servants
                   entred
                   into
                   a
                   Conspiracy
                   ,
                   but
                   they
                   were
                   presently
                   executed
                   .
                   The
                   second
                   was
                   at
                   Capua
                   where
                   200
                   were
                   got
                   up
                   in
                   Arms
                   ,
                   but
                   they
                   were
                   likewise
                   in
                   a
                   short
                   time
                   supprest
                   .
                   The
                   third
                   hapned
                   after
                   a
                   strange
                   manner
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   thus
                   ,
                   there
                   was
                   one
                   
                     Titus
                     Minutius
                  
                   a
                   Roman
                   Knight
                   ,
                   who
                   had
                   a
                   very
                   rich
                   Man
                   to
                   his
                   Father
                   ,
                   he
                   chanc'd
                   to
                   fall
                   in
                   Love
                   with
                   another
                   Man's
                   Servant
                   who
                   was
                   very
                   beautiful
                   ,
                   and
                   having
                   enjoy'd
                   her
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   the
                   more
                   wonderfully
                   inflam'd
                   ,
                   and
                   even
                   to
                   Madness
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   as
                   he
                   would
                   needs
                   buy
                   her
                   of
                   her
                   Master
                   ;
                   who
                   being
                   with
                   much
                   ado
                   prevail'd
                   with
                   to
                   part
                   with
                   her
                   ,
                   the
                   Lover
                   at
                   length
                   bought
                   her
                   for
                   Seven
                   *
                   Attick
                   Talents
                   ,
                   and
                   limited
                   a
                   certain
                   time
                   for
                   the
                   payment
                   of
                   the
                   Money
                   ,
                   to
                   which
                   time
                   the
                   greatness
                   of
                   his
                   Fathers
                   Estate
                   procur'd
                   him
                   Credit
                   :
                   But
                   now
                   ,
                   when
                   the
                   day
                   of
                   payment
                   was
                   come
                   ,
                   he
                   had
                   not
                   the
                   Money
                   then
                   ready
                   ,
                   but
                   pray'd
                   forbearance
                   for
                   30
                   days
                   longer
                   .
                   That
                   time
                   being
                   run
                   up
                   ,
                   the
                   Creditor
                   demanded
                   then
                   his
                   Money
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Lover
                   knew
                   not
                   how
                   to
                   perform
                   his
                   Word
                   ,
                   and
                   yet
                   his
                   Love
                   continu'd
                   still
                   as
                   hot
                   as
                   ever
                   .
                   At
                   length
                   a
                   wicked
                   design
                   came
                   into
                   his
                   Head
                   ,
                   which
                   put
                   him
                   on
                   to
                   lay
                   a
                   trap
                   for
                   them
                   that
                   demanded
                   the
                   Money
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   that
                   end
                   to
                   take
                   upon
                   him
                   the
                   state
                   and
                   dignity
                   of
                   a
                   Monarch
                   .
                   To
                   which
                   purpose
                   he
                   bought
                   500
                   Arms
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   ,
                   and
                   appointed
                   a
                   day
                   for
                   payment
                   ;
                   and
                   being
                   trusted
                   ,
                   withdrawing
                   himself
                   privately
                   into
                   a
                   certain
                   Field
                   ,
                   he
                   stirr'd
                   up
                   his
                   own
                   Slaves
                   to
                   a
                   defection
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   400
                   ;
                   and
                   putting
                   on
                   the
                   Diadem
                   and
                   Purple
                   ,
                   and
                   assuming
                   all
                   the
                   other
                   Badges
                   and
                   Ensigns
                   of
                   Royalty
                   ,
                   declar'd
                   himself
                   King
                   ,
                   the
                   deliverer
                   of
                   the
                   Slaves
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   he
                   caus'd
                   all
                   those
                   who
                   demanded
                   the
                   Money
                   he
                   had
                   given
                   for
                   the
                   young
                   Woman
                   to
                   be
                   scourg'd
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   cut
                   off
                   their
                   Heads
                   .
                   Then
                   he
                   entred
                   the
                   
                   next
                   Towns
                   with
                   his
                   arm'd
                   Slaves
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   that
                   came
                   readily
                   to
                   join
                   with
                   him
                   ,
                   he
                   furnish'd
                   with
                   Arms
                   ,
                   and
                   kill'd
                   all
                   that
                   oppos'd
                   him
                   .
                   Having
                   in
                   a
                   short
                   time
                   got
                   together
                   above
                   700
                   ,
                   he
                   divided
                   them
                   into
                   *
                   Companies
                   ;
                   and
                   then
                   Fortifying
                   and
                   Intrenching
                   himself
                   ,
                   he
                   receiv'd
                   all
                   the
                   Slaves
                   that
                   ran
                   away
                   from
                   their
                   Masters
                   .
                   The
                   Rebellion
                   being
                   nois'd
                   at
                   Rome
                   ,
                   the
                   Senate
                   (
                   by
                   the
                   help
                   of
                   prudent
                   advice
                   )
                   gave
                   a
                   stop
                   to
                   the
                   mischief
                   ,
                   and
                   happily
                   supprest
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   care
                   and
                   management
                   of
                   the
                   business
                   for
                   the
                   reducing
                   and
                   punishing
                   of
                   the
                   fugitive
                   Slaves
                   was
                   committed
                   to
                   
                     Lucius
                     Lucullus
                  
                   ,
                   who
                   was
                   the
                   only
                   General
                   that
                   was
                   then
                   in
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   who
                   rais'd
                   600
                   Men
                   in
                   Rome
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   them
                   the
                   same
                   day
                   march'd
                   to
                   Capua
                   ,
                   where
                   he
                   listed
                   4000
                   Foot
                   ,
                   and
                   400
                   Horse
                   .
                   When
                   Minutius
                   heard
                   with
                   what
                   speed
                   Lucullus
                   was
                   making
                   towards
                   him
                   ,
                   he
                   possess'd
                   himself
                   of
                   a
                   strong
                   Hill
                   ,
                   having
                   with
                   him
                   3500
                   Men.
                   In
                   the
                   first
                   Engagement
                   the
                   Fugitives
                   by
                   the
                   advantage
                   of
                   the
                   higher
                   Ground
                   got
                   the
                   better
                   ,
                   afterwards
                   Lucullus
                   brib'd
                   
                     Apollonius
                     Minutius
                  
                   his
                   General
                   ,
                   to
                   betray
                   his
                   Confederates
                   ;
                   withall
                   promising
                   him
                   upon
                   the
                   security
                   of
                   the
                   publick
                   Faith
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   should
                   have
                   his
                   pardon
                   .
                   Whereupon
                   he
                   set
                   upon
                   the
                   Work
                   ,
                   and
                   seizing
                   of
                   Minutius
                   ,
                   he
                   (
                   to
                   avoid
                   the
                   punishment
                   he
                   fear'd
                   for
                   his
                   Rebellion
                   )
                   ran
                   himself
                   through
                   the
                   Body
                   ;
                   the
                   rest
                   were
                   all
                   presently
                   cut
                   off
                   except
                   Apellonius
                   :
                   And
                   these
                   were
                   Prologues
                   to
                   that
                   great
                   Defection
                   in
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   whose
                   beginning
                   was
                   thus
                   occasion'd
                   :
                   In
                   the
                   expedition
                   of
                   Marius
                   against
                   the
                   Cimbrians
                   ,
                   the
                   Senate
                   had
                   given
                   a
                   Commission
                   to
                   raise
                   Men
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Countries
                   beyond
                   the
                   Seas
                   ;
                   to
                   which
                   end
                   Marius
                   sent
                   Ambassadors
                   to
                   Nicomedes
                   King
                   of
                   Bithynia
                   to
                   help
                   him
                   with
                   some
                   Men.
                   But
                   he
                   return'd
                   answer
                   that
                   most
                   of
                   the
                   Bithynians
                   were
                   violently
                   taken
                   away
                   for
                   Slaves
                   by
                   the
                   Publicans
                   ,
                   and
                   were
                   dispers'd
                   here
                   and
                   there
                   through
                   the
                   Provinces
                   .
                   Upon
                   which
                   the
                   Senate
                   decreed
                   ,
                   That
                   no
                   Freeman
                   belonging
                   to
                   any
                   of
                   the
                   Roman
                   Allies
                   should
                   in
                   any
                   Province
                   be
                   forc'd
                   to
                   be
                   Servants
                   or
                   Slaves
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   the
                   Proconsuls
                   should
                   take
                   care
                   to
                   see
                   them
                   all
                   set
                   free
                   .
                   In
                   pursuance
                   of
                   this
                   Order
                   
                     Licinius
                     Nerva
                  
                   then
                   Praetor
                   in
                   Sicily
                   (
                   having
                   first
                   consulted
                   with
                   the
                   Judges
                   )
                   manumitted
                   so
                   many
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   in
                   a
                   few
                   days
                   above
                   800
                   were
                   set
                   at
                   Liberty
                   .
                   So
                   that
                   all
                   the
                   Slaves
                   in
                   Sicily
                   were
                   hereby
                   presently
                   incourag'd
                   ,
                   and
                   grew
                   high
                   Crested
                   in
                   hopes
                   of
                   liberty
                   .
                   The
                   Magistrates
                   therefore
                   address'd
                   themselves
                   to
                   the
                   Praetor
                   or
                   Proconsul
                   ,
                   and
                   desir'd
                   him
                   to
                   forbear
                   making
                   any
                   more
                   free
                   .
                   Hereupon
                   he
                   (
                   whether
                   brib'd
                   or
                   to
                   curry
                   favour
                   )
                   laid
                   aside
                   the
                   former
                   determination
                   of
                   the
                   Judges
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   checks
                   and
                   foul
                   words
                   ,
                   sent
                   them
                   that
                   came
                   to
                   him
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   free
                   back
                   to
                   their
                   Masters
                   .
                   Upon
                   this
                   the
                   Servants
                   enter'd
                   into
                   a
                   Conspiracy
                   ;
                   and
                   after
                   they
                   came
                   from
                   Syracuse
                   ,
                   and
                   were
                   got
                   together
                   at
                   the
                   grove
                   of
                   Palicum
                   ,
                   they
                   consulted
                   concerning
                   their
                   intended
                   Rebellion
                   .
                   This
                   boldness
                   of
                   the
                   Slaves
                   began
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   noise
                   in
                   many
                   places
                   of
                   the
                   Island
                   :
                   Amongst
                   others
                   30
                   Servants
                   of
                   two
                   rich
                   Brothers
                   in
                   the
                   Countrey
                   of
                   the
                   Anycillians
                   were
                   the
                   first
                   that
                   appear'd
                   for
                   their
                   liberty
                   ,
                   whose
                   Leader
                   was
                   one
                   Varius
                   .
                   These
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   kill'd
                   their
                   Masters
                   ,
                   when
                   they
                   were
                   asleep
                   in
                   their
                   Beds
                   .
                   Then
                   away
                   they
                   went
                   to
                   the
                   next
                   Towns
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   stirr'd
                   up
                   all
                   the
                   Servants
                   and
                   Slaves
                   there
                   to
                   appear
                   for
                   the
                   gaining
                   of
                   their
                   liberty
                   ,
                   of
                   whom
                   came
                   in
                   flocking
                   to
                   them
                   in
                   that
                   one
                   Night
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   120
                   and
                   upwards
                   .
                   Upon
                   this
                   they
                   possess'd
                   themselves
                   of
                   a
                   place
                   naturally
                   strong
                   of
                   it self
                   ,
                   which
                   they
                   endeavour'd
                   to
                   make
                   stronger
                   by
                   art
                   and
                   labour
                   ,
                   where
                   80
                   more
                   well
                   armed
                   came
                   in
                   to
                   them
                   .
                   
                     Licinius
                     Nerva
                  
                   hastens
                   out
                   against
                   them
                   with
                   a
                   purpose
                   to
                   put
                   a
                   stop
                   to
                   their
                   Ravages
                   ,
                   but
                   all
                   his
                   labour
                   was
                   in
                   vain
                   .
                   Seeing
                   therefore
                   that
                   the
                   Place
                   was
                   not
                   to
                   be
                   taken
                   by
                   force
                   ,
                   he
                   sought
                   how
                   to
                   gain
                   it
                   by
                   Treachery
                   :
                   For
                   he
                   had
                   private
                   Correspondence
                   with
                   one
                   
                     Caius
                     Titinius
                  
                   sirnam'd
                   Gadaeus
                   ,
                   whom
                   he
                   wrought
                   upon
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Instrument
                   of
                   accomplishing
                   his
                   design
                   ,
                   promising
                   him
                   safety
                   and
                   protection
                   .
                   This
                   Man
                   had
                   been
                   condemn'd
                   to
                   dye
                   two
                   Years
                   before
                   ,
                   but
                   had
                   made
                   an
                   escape
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   Robb'd
                   and
                   Murther'd
                   many
                   Freemen
                   in
                   that
                   Province
                   ,
                   but
                   never
                   in
                   the
                   least
                   injur'd
                   any
                   Servant
                   .
                   Titinius
                   with
                   a
                   great
                   Body
                   of
                   Slaves
                   came
                   to
                   this
                   Fort
                   where
                   the
                   Rebels
                   had
                   posted
                   themselves
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   he
                   design'd
                   to
                   join
                   with
                   them
                   in
                   making
                   War
                   upon
                   the
                   Romans
                   :
                   Who
                   being
                   willingly
                   and
                   kindly
                   receiv'd
                   by
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   for
                   his
                   Valour
                   made
                   their
                   General
                   ,
                   he
                   at
                   length
                   betray'd
                   the
                   Fort
                   ,
                   upon
                   which
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Rebels
                   were
                   kill'd
                   in
                   Fight
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   lest
                   out
                   of
                   fear
                   of
                   what
                   they
                   should
                   suffer
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   were
                   taken
                   Prisoners
                   ,
                   threw
                   themselves
                   down
                   headlong
                   from
                   the
                   top
                   of
                   the
                   Rock
                   .
                   And
                   in
                   this
                   manner
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   rising
                   of
                   the
                   Slaves
                   supprest
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   the
                   Soldiers
                   were
                   no
                   sooner
                   got
                   to
                   their
                   Quarters
                   ,
                   but
                   news
                   was
                   brought
                   that
                   about
                   80
                   Slaves
                   had
                   caus'd
                   a
                   Tumult
                   to
                   be
                   rais'd
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   cut
                   the
                   Throat
                   of
                   
                     Publius
                     Clonius
                  
                   a
                   Roman
                   Knight
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   now
                   their
                   number
                   was
                   much
                   increas'd
                   .
                   And
                   to
                   aggravate
                   the
                   matter
                   the
                   Praetor
                   being
                   ill
                   advis'd
                   ,
                   had
                   disbanded
                   most
                   of
                   his
                   Army
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   whereof
                   he
                   was
                   so
                   slow
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   gave
                   time
                   to
                   the
                   Rebels
                   the
                   more
                   to
                   strengthen
                   themselves
                   .
                   However
                   he
                   march'd
                   out
                   against
                   them
                   ,
                   with
                   those
                   he
                   then
                   had
                   .
                   As
                   soon
                   as
                   
                   he
                   pass'd
                   the
                   River
                   Alba
                   he
                   turn'd
                   aside
                   from
                   the
                   Fugitives
                   ,
                   who
                   were
                   then
                   lodg'd
                   upon
                   Mount
                   Caprianus
                   ,
                   and
                   arrived
                   at
                   Heraclea
                   .
                   Upon
                   this
                   ,
                   a
                   Report
                   being
                   spread
                   of
                   the
                   Cowardice
                   of
                   the
                   General
                   as
                   if
                   he
                   durst
                   not
                   attack
                   them
                   ,
                   very
                   many
                   Slaves
                   were
                   encouraged
                   to
                   join
                   in
                   the
                   Defection
                   :
                   Many
                   therefore
                   flocking
                   in
                   (
                   furnishing
                   themselves
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   they
                   could
                   for
                   a
                   Battel
                   )
                   there
                   were
                   above
                   800
                   in
                   Seven
                   days
                   time
                   that
                   took
                   up
                   Arms.
                   And
                   presently
                   after
                   they
                   amounted
                   to
                   2000.
                   
                   But
                   the
                   General
                   at
                   Heraclea
                   being
                   inform'd
                   that
                   their
                   number
                   was
                   increasing
                   ,
                   sent
                   
                     Marcus
                     Titinius
                  
                   as
                   chief
                   Commander
                   against
                   them
                   ,
                   inforcing
                   him
                   with
                   600
                   Men
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   Forts
                   at
                   Enna
                   .
                   This
                   Titinius
                   fought
                   the
                   Rebels
                   ,
                   who
                   (
                   having
                   the
                   advantage
                   both
                   of
                   Place
                   and
                   Number
                   )
                   routed
                   him
                   and
                   kill'd
                   many
                   of
                   his
                   Men
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   threw
                   away
                   their
                   Arms
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   much
                   difficulty
                   saved
                   themselves
                   by
                   flight
                   .
                   By
                   this
                   means
                   the
                   Runagades
                   on
                   a
                   sudden
                   got
                   such
                   a
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   Arms
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   were
                   more
                   firmly
                   resolved
                   to
                   persist
                   in
                   their
                   Rebellion
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   now
                   most
                   of
                   the
                   Slaves
                   were
                   in
                   Arms.
                   The
                   Defection
                   every
                   day
                   increasing
                   ,
                   the
                   Number
                   amounted
                   in
                   a
                   short
                   time
                   so
                   high
                   ,
                   as
                   none
                   ever
                   suspected
                   it
                   could
                   ,
                   insomuch
                   that
                   within
                   a
                   few
                   Days
                   they
                   were
                   above
                   6000
                   ;
                   who
                   having
                   now
                   call'd
                   a
                   Council
                   of
                   War
                   ,
                   and
                   debated
                   Matters
                   in
                   reference
                   to
                   the
                   Management
                   of
                   Affairs
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   place
                   they
                   chose
                   a
                   King
                   call'd
                   Salvius
                   ,
                   a
                   Fortune-teller
                   ,
                   and
                   one
                   that
                   in
                   the
                   Womens
                   Sports
                   and
                   Shews
                   with
                   his
                   Pipes
                   ,
                   acted
                   the
                   Part
                   of
                   a
                   Fool
                   and
                   Madman
                   .
                   But
                   having
                   now
                   gain'd
                   a
                   Kingdom
                   ,
                   he
                   wav'd
                   living
                   in
                   Cities
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   the
                   Nurseries
                   of
                   Sloth
                   and
                   Effeminateness
                   .
                   After
                   ,
                   he
                   divided
                   the
                   Army
                   into
                   three
                   Bodies
                   ;
                   over
                   each
                   of
                   which
                   he
                   appointed
                   a
                   Captain
                   ,
                   and
                   order'd
                   them
                   to
                   make
                   Inroads
                   up
                   and
                   down
                   in
                   the
                   Country
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   a
                   certain
                   Time
                   and
                   Place
                   all
                   to
                   join
                   again
                   in
                   one
                   Body
                   .
                   By
                   these
                   Depredations
                   they
                   were
                   so
                   full
                   of
                   Horses
                   and
                   other
                   Cattel
                   ,
                   that
                   in
                   a
                   short
                   time
                   they
                   had
                   above
                   2000
                   Horse
                   ,
                   and
                   no
                   less
                   than
                   20000
                   Foot
                   ,
                   but
                   Men
                   very
                   Raw
                   and
                   Ignorant
                   in
                   Martial
                   Affairs
                   .
                   Among
                   other
                   attempts
                   they
                   fell
                   upon
                   Morgantina
                   with
                   great
                   Fury
                   (
                   which
                   was
                   a
                   strong
                   and
                   well-fortify'd
                   City
                   )
                   and
                   made
                   many
                   fierce
                   and
                   continual
                   Assaults
                   upon
                   it
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Roman
                   General
                   marching
                   out
                   in
                   the
                   Night
                   as
                   if
                   he
                   would
                   relieve
                   the
                   City
                   (
                   having
                   with
                   him
                   about
                   10000
                   Men
                   out
                   of
                   Italy
                   and
                   Sicily
                   )
                   surpriz'd
                   the
                   Rebels
                   (
                   busily
                   employ'd
                   in
                   the
                   Siege
                   )
                   on
                   a
                   sudden
                   ;
                   and
                   breaking
                   into
                   their
                   Camp
                   ,
                   found
                   but
                   slender
                   Guards
                   but
                   a
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   Prisoners
                   ,
                   and
                   abundance
                   of
                   Plunder
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   great
                   ease
                   made
                   himself
                   Master
                   of
                   all
                   ,
                   and
                   when
                   he
                   had
                   rifled
                   the
                   Camp
                   he
                   march'd
                   away
                   towards
                   Morgantina
                   :
                   But
                   the
                   Rebels
                   turning
                   back
                   upon
                   him
                   with
                   great
                   Fury
                   ,
                   and
                   having
                   the
                   advantage
                   of
                   the
                   higher
                   Ground
                   ,
                   soon
                   routed
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   put
                   all
                   his
                   Army
                   to
                   flight
                   .
                   Whereupon
                   the
                   Rebells
                   King
                   commanded
                   Proclamation
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   ,
                   That
                   none
                   should
                   be
                   kill'd
                   who
                   threw
                   away
                   their
                   Arms
                   :
                   Upon
                   which
                   most
                   cast
                   them
                   away
                   and
                   fled
                   .
                   By
                   this
                   means
                   Salvius
                   both
                   recover'd
                   what
                   he
                   had
                   lost
                   in
                   his
                   Camp
                   ,
                   and
                   gain'd
                   a
                   glorious
                   Victory
                   and
                   much
                   Spoil
                   ;
                   but
                   there
                   were
                   not
                   kill'd
                   of
                   the
                   Italians
                   and
                   Sicilians
                   above
                   600
                   (
                   which
                   was
                   occasion'd
                   by
                   the
                   Moderation
                   of
                   the
                   King
                   )
                   but
                   4000
                   were
                   taken
                   Prisoners
                   .
                   Upon
                   this
                   Victory
                   many
                   coming
                   in
                   flocking
                   to
                   Salvius
                   ,
                   his
                   Army
                   became
                   double
                   to
                   what
                   it
                   was
                   before
                   ,
                   and
                   he
                   was
                   now
                   absolute
                   Master
                   of
                   the
                   Field
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   he
                   again
                   sat
                   down
                   before
                   Morgantina
                   ,
                   and
                   proclaim'd
                   Liberty
                   to
                   all
                   the
                   Servants
                   that
                   were
                   there
                   .
                   But
                   their
                   Masters
                   promising
                   the
                   same
                   to
                   them
                   ,
                   if
                   they
                   would
                   be
                   Faithful
                   and
                   join
                   with
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   Defence
                   of
                   the
                   Place
                   ,
                   they
                   chose
                   rather
                   to
                   accept
                   of
                   what
                   was
                   offer'd
                   by
                   their
                   Masters
                   ,
                   and
                   fought
                   with
                   that
                   Resolution
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   forced
                   the
                   Enemy
                   to
                   raise
                   their
                   Siege
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   General
                   afterwards
                   making
                   void
                   all
                   that
                   was
                   promised
                   (
                   as
                   to
                   manumitting
                   of
                   the
                   Servants
                   )
                   occasion'd
                   many
                   to
                   run
                   away
                   to
                   the
                   Rebels
                   .
                   After
                   this
                   all
                   the
                   Slaves
                   and
                   Servants
                   
                   in
                   the
                   Territories
                   of
                   
                     Aegista
                     Lilybaeum
                  
                   were
                   likewise
                   infected
                   with
                   this
                   Itch
                   of
                   Rebellion
                   ,
                   whose
                   Leader
                   was
                   one
                   Athenio
                   ,
                   a
                   Valiant
                   Man
                   and
                   a
                   Cilicean
                   .
                   This
                   Man
                   having
                   the
                   Charge
                   and
                   Management
                   of
                   the
                   Concerns
                   of
                   two
                   rich
                   Brothers
                   ,
                   and
                   being
                   an
                   Excellent
                   Astrologer
                   ;
                   He
                   first
                   wrought
                   upon
                   those
                   to
                   join
                   with
                   him
                   ,
                   over
                   whom
                   he
                   had
                   some
                   sort
                   of
                   Command
                   ,
                   to
                   the
                   Number
                   of
                   200
                   ;
                   afterwards
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   bordering
                   round
                   about
                   ,
                   so
                   that
                   in
                   Five
                   days
                   time
                   there
                   were
                   got
                   together
                   above
                   1000
                   who
                   made
                   him
                   King
                   ,
                   and
                   plac'd
                   the
                   Diadem
                   upon
                   his
                   Head.
                   This
                   Man
                   resolv'd
                   to
                   order
                   Matters
                   and
                   Affairs
                   so
                   as
                   never
                   any
                   did
                   before
                   him
                   :
                   For
                   he
                   receiv'd
                   not
                   all
                   promiscuously
                   that
                   came
                   in
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   but
                   only
                   such
                   as
                   were
                   of
                   strong
                   and
                   healthful
                   Bodies
                   to
                   bear
                   Arms
                   ;
                   the
                   rest
                   he
                   forc'd
                   to
                   continue
                   in
                   the
                   Stations
                   they
                   were
                   in
                   ,
                   and
                   every
                   one
                   in
                   his
                   place
                   diligently
                   to
                   apply
                   himself
                   to
                   the
                   Duty
                   incumbent
                   upon
                   him
                   .
                   By
                   which
                   means
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   with
                   him
                   had
                   plentiful
                   Provision
                   .
                   He
                   pretended
                   that
                   by
                   the
                   Stars
                   the
                   Gods
                   foretold
                   ,
                   That
                   he
                   should
                   gain
                   the
                   whole
                   Kingdom
                   of
                   Sicily
                   :
                   And
                   therefore
                   he
                   was
                   to
                   spare
                   spoiling
                   of
                   the
                   Country
                   ,
                   destruction
                   of
                   the
                   Cattel
                   and
                   Fruits
                   of
                   the
                   Earth
                   ,
                   as
                   being
                   all
                   his
                   own
                   .
                   At
                   length
                   having
                   now
                   got
                   together
                   above
                   10000
                   Men
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   so
                   daring
                   as
                   to
                   besiege
                   Lilybeum
                   ,
                   a
                   City
                   for
                   strength
                   look'd
                   upon
                   to
                   be
                   impregnable
                   .
                   But
                   finding
                   it
                   a
                   vain
                   thing
                   to
                   proceed
                   ,
                   he
                   desisted
                   
                   from
                   his
                   Design
                   ,
                   pretending
                   he
                   did
                   it
                   by
                   Command
                   from
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   by
                   whom
                   he
                   was
                   told
                   ,
                   That
                   if
                   they
                   continu'd
                   the
                   Siege
                   ,
                   they
                   would
                   certainly
                   fall
                   into
                   some
                   sudden
                   Misfortune
                   .
                
                 
                   Accordingly
                   ,
                   while
                   he
                   was
                   preparing
                   to
                   draw
                   off
                   from
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   a
                   Fleet
                   of
                   Moors
                   entred
                   the
                   Harbour
                   ,
                   who
                   were
                   sent
                   to
                   the
                   Assistance
                   of
                   them
                   of
                   Lilybeum
                   ,
                   under
                   the
                   Command
                   of
                   one
                   call'd
                   Gomon
                   ,
                   who
                   in
                   the
                   Night
                   surprizing
                   
                   Athenio's
                   Army
                   ,
                   (
                   now
                   marching
                   off
                   and
                   leaving
                   the
                   Siege
                   )
                   kill'd
                   a
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   wounded
                   as
                   many
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   got
                   into
                   the
                   Town
                   .
                   This
                   was
                   the
                   occasion
                   that
                   his
                   former
                   Prediction
                   was
                   highly
                   admir'd
                   and
                   cry'd
                   up
                   by
                   the
                   Rebells
                   .
                
                 
                   At
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   great
                   Disorders
                   ,
                   *
                   and
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Calamities
                   overspread
                   all
                   Sicily
                   .
                   For
                   not
                   only
                   Servants
                   but
                   Freemen
                   that
                   were
                   reduc'd
                   to
                   Poverty
                   ,
                   committed
                   all
                   sorts
                   of
                   Rapines
                   and
                   acts
                   of
                   Wickedness
                   :
                   For
                   they
                   shamefully
                   kill'd
                   all
                   before
                   them
                   ,
                   whether
                   Bond
                   or
                   Free
                   ,
                   that
                   none
                   might
                   be
                   left
                   to
                   tell
                   Tales
                   ;
                   so
                   that
                   they
                   that
                   were
                   in
                   the
                   Cities
                   scarce
                   enjoy'd
                   any
                   thing
                   that
                   was
                   their
                   own
                   ,
                   though
                   it
                   were
                   with
                   them
                   within
                   the
                   Walls
                   :
                   But
                   as
                   for
                   that
                   which
                   was
                   without
                   ,
                   all
                   was
                   swallow'd
                   up
                   and
                   violently
                   seiz'd
                   on
                   ,
                   as
                   a
                   Prey
                   taken
                   from
                   a
                   Common
                   Enemy
                   .
                   Many
                   other
                   things
                   against
                   all
                   the
                   Laws
                   of
                   Humanity
                   were
                   impudently
                   committed
                   by
                   many
                   throughout
                   all
                   Sicily
                   .
                
                 
                   Salvius
                   likewise
                   ,
                   he
                   who
                   had
                   besieg'd
                   Morgantina
                   ,
                   after
                   he
                   had
                   harrass'd
                   all
                   the
                   Country
                   ,
                   as
                   far
                   as
                   to
                   the
                   Territories
                   of
                   Leontium
                   ,
                   there
                   mustered
                   his
                   Army
                   ,
                   consisting
                   of
                   above
                   30000
                   Fighting
                   Men.
                   Then
                   Sacrificing
                   to
                   the
                   Heroes
                   of
                   Italy
                   ,
                   he
                   Dedicated
                   one
                   of
                   the
                   Royal
                   Purple
                   Robes
                   ,
                   in
                   gratitude
                   for
                   his
                   Victories
                   .
                   And
                   now
                   he
                   caus'd
                   himself
                   to
                   be
                   proclaim'd
                   King
                   ,
                   and
                   was
                   call'd
                   by
                   the
                   Rebells
                   *
                   Tryphon
                   ;
                   having
                   a
                   design
                   to
                   possess
                   himself
                   of
                   Tricala
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   to
                   build
                   a
                   Palace
                   ,
                   he
                   sent
                   to
                   Athenio
                   ,
                   and
                   as
                   King
                   commanded
                   him
                   as
                   General
                   to
                   repair
                   to
                   him
                   .
                   Every
                   Man
                   then
                   thought
                   that
                   Athenio
                   would
                   endeavour
                   to
                   gain
                   the
                   Sovereignty
                   for
                   himself
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   the
                   Rebels
                   would
                   be
                   divided
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   a
                   speedy
                   period
                   would
                   be
                   put
                   to
                   the
                   War.
                   But
                   Fortune
                   so
                   order'd
                   the
                   Matter
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Armies
                   of
                   the
                   Fugitives
                   being
                   thus
                   increas'd
                   ,
                   the
                   two
                   Generals
                   were
                   Unanimous
                   ,
                   and
                   agreed
                   very
                   well
                   one
                   with
                   another
                   .
                   For
                   Tryphon
                   march'd
                   speedily
                   with
                   his
                   Army
                   to
                   Tricala
                   ,
                   and
                   Athenio
                   came
                   thither
                   to
                   him
                   with
                   3000
                   Men
                   ,
                   in
                   every
                   thing
                   observing
                   the
                   Commands
                   of
                   Tryphon
                   as
                   his
                   King.
                   Athenio
                   had
                   sent
                   the
                   rest
                   abroad
                   to
                   harrass
                   and
                   spoil
                   the
                   Country
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   bring
                   over
                   as
                   many
                   as
                   they
                   could
                   to
                   join
                   with
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   Defection
                   .
                   But
                   not
                   long
                   after
                   ,
                   Tryphon
                   suspected
                   that
                   Athenio
                   had
                   a
                   design
                   to
                   supplant
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   he
                   caus'd
                   him
                   to
                   be
                   seiz'd
                   betime
                   .
                   The
                   *
                   Castle
                   that
                   was
                   well
                   fortify'd
                   before
                   ,
                   he
                   made
                   more
                   strong
                   ,
                   and
                   adorn'd
                   it
                   likewise
                   with
                   many
                   stately
                   Buildings
                   .
                   After
                   which
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   it
                   was
                   call'd
                   *
                   Tricala
                   ,
                   because
                   it
                   was
                   Remarkable
                   and
                   Famous
                   for
                   three
                   things
                   ,
                   First
                   for
                   Springs
                   of
                   excellent
                   sweet
                   Water
                   .
                   Secondly
                   for
                   Vineyards
                   ,
                   and
                   Olive
                   yards
                   ,
                   and
                   rich
                   Lands
                   for
                   Tillage
                   .
                   And
                   Thirdly
                   ,
                   That
                   it
                   was
                   a
                   Place
                   impregnable
                   ,
                   built
                   upon
                   an
                   high
                   and
                   inaccessible
                   Rock
                   .
                   After
                   he
                   had
                   drawn
                   a
                   Line
                   of
                   eight
                   Stages
                   round
                   about
                   it
                   for
                   the
                   building
                   of
                   a
                   City
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   compass'd
                   it
                   in
                   with
                   a
                   deep
                   Trench
                   ,
                   he
                   made
                   it
                   the
                   Seat-Royal
                   ,
                   being
                   a
                   Place
                   abounding
                   in
                   Plenty
                   and
                   Fatness
                   of
                   all
                   things
                   necessary
                   for
                   Man's
                   Life
                   .
                   He
                   likewise
                   built
                   there
                   a
                   stately
                   Palace
                   and
                   a
                   Market-place
                   ,
                   capable
                   to
                   receive
                   a
                   vast
                   Number
                   of
                   Men.
                   He
                   chose
                   likewise
                   a
                   competent
                   Number
                   of
                   the
                   most
                   prudent
                   Men
                   to
                   be
                   of
                   his
                   Council
                   ,
                   and
                   made
                   use
                   of
                   them
                   for
                   Administration
                   of
                   Justice
                   .
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   whenever
                   he
                   sate
                   in
                   the
                   Courts
                   of
                   Justice
                   ,
                   he
                   put
                   on
                   a
                   *
                   long
                   Gown
                   edg'd
                   with
                   Purple
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   **
                   Coat
                   pouder'd
                   with
                   large
                   Studds
                   of
                   Purple
                   .
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   He
                   appointed
                   Lictors
                   with
                   Rods
                   and
                   Axes
                   to
                   go
                   before
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   took
                   care
                   that
                   all
                   other
                   Ensigns
                   and
                   Badges
                   of
                   Royalty
                   should
                   be
                   observed
                   .
                
                 
                   At
                   length
                   
                     Lucius
                     Licinius
                     Lucullus
                  
                   was
                   chosen
                   General
                   by
                   the
                   Senate
                   at
                   Rome
                   to
                   go
                   against
                   the
                   Rebels
                   ,
                   who
                   had
                   with
                   him
                   14000
                   Romans
                   and
                   
                     Italians
                     ,
                     1800
                     Bithynians
                     ,
                     Thessalians
                     ,
                  
                   and
                   Acharnans
                   ;
                   and
                   out
                   of
                   Lucania
                   600
                   under
                   the
                   Command
                   of
                   one
                   Cleptius
                   ,
                   an
                   Expert
                   and
                   Valiant
                   Soldier
                   ,
                   and
                   600
                   from
                   other
                   Places
                   ,
                   in
                   the
                   whole
                   amounting
                   to
                   17000.
                   
                   With
                   this
                   Army
                   he
                   entred
                   Sicily
                   .
                   Upon
                   this
                   Tryphon
                   releas'd
                   Athenio
                   ,
                   and
                   advis'd
                   with
                   him
                   how
                   to
                   manage
                   the
                   War
                   against
                   the
                   
                     Romans
                     .
                     Tryphon
                  
                   was
                   of
                   Opinion
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   was
                   the
                   safest
                   way
                   to
                   continue
                   in
                   Tricala
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   expect
                   the
                   Enemy
                   :
                   But
                   Athenio
                   advis'd
                   rather
                   to
                   draw
                   out
                   and
                   fight
                   in
                   the
                   open
                   Field
                   ,
                   than
                   to
                   suffer
                   themselves
                   to
                   be
                   besieg'd
                   ;
                   whose
                   Counsel
                   prevailing
                   ,
                   they
                   march'd
                   out
                   and
                   Encamp'd
                   near
                   Scirthaea
                   ,
                   with
                   no
                   fewer
                   than
                   40000
                   Men
                   ,
                   twelve
                   Furlongs
                   distant
                   from
                   the
                   Roman
                   Camp.
                   At
                   first
                   the
                   Armies
                   employ'd
                   themselves
                   every
                   day
                   in
                   light
                   Skirmishes
                   ;
                   but
                   at
                   length
                   they
                   Engag'd
                   ,
                   and
                   while
                   Victory
                   seem'd
                   to
                   incline
                   sometime
                   to
                   one
                   side
                   ,
                   and
                   sometime
                   to
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   fell
                   on
                   both
                   sides
                   .
                   Athenio
                   came
                   on
                   with
                   200
                   choice
                   Horse
                   ,
                   and
                   cover'd
                   the
                   Ground
                   round
                   about
                   him
                   with
                   the
                   Bodies
                   of
                   his
                   Enemies
                   .
                   But
                   being
                   wounded
                   in
                   both
                   his
                   Knees
                   ,
                   and
                   
                   then
                   receiving
                   a
                   Third
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   wholly
                   disabled
                   for
                   Fight
                   ,
                   which
                   so
                   discouraged
                   the
                   Rebels
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   fled
                   outright
                   .
                   Athenio
                   lay
                   conceal'd
                   ,
                   as
                   if
                   he
                   were
                   Dead
                   ,
                   and
                   feign'd
                   himself
                   so
                   till
                   Night
                   came
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   stole
                   away
                   .
                   The
                   Romans
                   having
                   now
                   gain'd
                   a
                   glorious
                   Victory
                   ,
                   forc'd
                   Tryphoh
                   himself
                   to
                   take
                   to
                   his
                   heels
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   pursuit
                   kill'd
                   at
                   least
                   20000
                   Men.
                   The
                   rest
                   by
                   the
                   advantage
                   of
                   the
                   Night
                   got
                   to
                   Tricala
                   ,
                   though
                   the
                   General
                   might
                   easily
                   have
                   cut
                   them
                   all
                   off
                   ,
                   if
                   he
                   would
                   have
                   continu'd
                   the
                   Pursuit
                   .
                   Upon
                   this
                   rout
                   they
                   were
                   now
                   all
                   so
                   discourag'd
                   ,
                   that
                   it
                   was
                   mov'd
                   amongst
                   them
                   that
                   they
                   should
                   return
                   to
                   their
                   Masters
                   ,
                   and
                   submit
                   themselves
                   wholly
                   to
                   their
                   Power
                   and
                   Pleasure
                   :
                   But
                   those
                   who
                   advis'd
                   to
                   stand
                   it
                   out
                   to
                   the
                   last
                   ,
                   and
                   not
                   to
                   give
                   up
                   their
                   Lives
                   to
                   the
                   Lusts
                   of
                   their
                   Enemies
                   ,
                   prevail'd
                   above
                   the
                   other
                   .
                
                 
                   Nine
                   days
                   after
                   the
                   Roman
                   General
                   besieg'd
                   Tricala
                   ,
                   but
                   after
                   several
                   slaughters
                   on
                   both
                   sides
                   he
                   was
                   forc'd
                   to
                   draw
                   off
                   and
                   leave
                   the
                   Place
                   .
                   Upon
                   this
                   the
                   Rebels
                   got
                   heart
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   General
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   (
                   either
                   through
                   Sloath
                   and
                   Negligence
                   ,
                   or
                   Corrupted
                   by
                   Bribes
                   )
                   minded
                   nothing
                   to
                   the
                   Discharge
                   of
                   his
                   Duty
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   afterwards
                   he
                   gave
                   an
                   account
                   to
                   the
                   Romans
                   .
                   Neither
                   did
                   
                     Caius
                     Servilius
                  
                   ,
                   who
                   succeeded
                   Lucullus
                   ,
                   do
                   any
                   thing
                   worth
                   remembring
                   ,
                   and
                   therefore
                   he
                   was
                   brought
                   to
                   Judgment
                   (
                   as
                   Lucullus
                   was
                   before
                   )
                   and
                   banish'd
                   .
                   In
                   the
                   mean
                   time
                   Tryphon
                   dy'd
                   ,
                   and
                   Athenio
                   enjoy'd
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   .
                   And
                   what
                   with
                   taking
                   of
                   Cities
                   ,
                   and
                   wasting
                   and
                   spoiling
                   the
                   Country
                   (
                   without
                   Controul
                   or
                   any
                   Opposition
                   from
                   Servilius
                   )
                   he
                   got
                   together
                   a
                   great
                   deal
                   of
                   rich
                   Booty
                   and
                   Plunder
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   year
                   after
                   
                     Caius
                     Marius
                  
                   being
                   chosen
                   at
                   Rome
                   the
                   Fifth
                   time
                   Consul
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   him
                   *
                   
                     Caius
                     Aquillius
                     ;
                     Aquillius
                  
                   was
                   made
                   General
                   against
                   the
                   Rebels
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   Valour
                   so
                   far
                   advanc'd
                   his
                   Success
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   wholly
                   overcame
                   them
                   in
                   a
                   great
                   Battel
                   :
                   And
                   like
                   an
                   Heroe
                   fought
                   Hand
                   to
                   Hand
                   with
                   Athenio
                   the
                   King
                   of
                   the
                   Rebels
                   ,
                   and
                   kill'd
                   him
                   ,
                   but
                   receiv'd
                   himself
                   a
                   wound
                   in
                   the
                   Head.
                   And
                   now
                   he
                   resolv'd
                   to
                   prosecute
                   the
                   War
                   against
                   the
                   rest
                   that
                   remain'd
                   who
                   were
                   about
                   10000
                   ,
                   who
                   though
                   they
                   fled
                   to
                   their
                   Defences
                   ,
                   (
                   as
                   not
                   being
                   able
                   to
                   stand
                   before
                   him
                   )
                   yet
                   Aquillius
                   slacken'd
                   not
                   his
                   Resolution
                   in
                   the
                   least
                   ,
                   but
                   pursu'd
                   his
                   design
                   till
                   he
                   had
                   wholly
                   broke
                   them
                   .
                   There
                   remain'd
                   now
                   only
                   1000
                   led
                   by
                   Satyrus
                   ,
                   whom
                   at
                   first
                   he
                   determin'd
                   to
                   reduce
                   by
                   Force
                   :
                   But
                   when
                   they
                   made
                   their
                   Submission
                   by
                   their
                   Commissioners
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   present
                   he
                   remitted
                   their
                   Faults
                   ,
                   but
                   after
                   they
                   were
                   brought
                   Prisoners
                   to
                   Rome
                   he
                   order'd
                   them
                   to
                   fight
                   with
                   wild
                   Beasts
                   ,
                   where
                   it
                   's
                   reported
                   that
                   they
                   ended
                   their
                   Lives
                   with
                   great
                   gallantry
                   and
                   nobleness
                   of
                   Mind
                   ,
                   for
                   they
                   scorn'd
                   to
                   fight
                   with
                   Beasts
                   ,
                   but
                   thrust
                   one
                   another
                   through
                   at
                   the
                   publick
                   Altars
                   :
                   And
                   after
                   all
                   were
                   dead
                   ,
                   Satyrus
                   being
                   the
                   last
                   ,
                   with
                   an
                   Heroick
                   Spirit
                   kill'd
                   himself
                   .
                   And
                   this
                   was
                   the
                   Tragical
                   End
                   of
                   the
                   Servants
                   War
                   ,
                   after
                   it
                   had
                   continu'd
                   almost
                   Four
                   years
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Out
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   BOOK
                   .
                
                 
                   Eclog.
                   2.
                   
                   ONE
                   Battaces
                   ,
                   Priest
                   of
                   the
                   Goddess
                   *
                   Rhea
                   (
                   they
                   say
                   )
                   came
                   to
                   Rome
                   from
                   Pesinunte
                   a
                   City
                   of
                   Phrygia
                   ;
                   who
                   declar'd
                   he
                   came
                   thither
                   by
                   the
                   Command
                   of
                   the
                   Goddess
                   ;
                   and
                   told
                   the
                   Magistrates
                   and
                   Senate
                   ,
                   that
                   their
                   Temple
                   was
                   prophan'd
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   a
                   publick
                   Expiation
                   ought
                   to
                   be
                   made
                   in
                   the
                   name
                   of
                   the
                   Romans
                   .
                   His
                   Habit
                   and
                   other
                   Ornaments
                   of
                   his
                   Body
                   was
                   very
                   strange
                   ,
                   and
                   altogether
                   unusual
                   at
                   Rome
                   ;
                   for
                   he
                   wore
                   a
                   Crown
                   or
                   Mitre
                   of
                   a
                   vast
                   Bigness
                   ,
                   and
                   a
                   Flower'd
                   Gown
                   imbroider'd
                   with
                   Gold
                   ,
                   representing
                   the
                   State
                   and
                   Dignity
                   of
                   a
                   King.
                   After
                   he
                   had
                   spoken
                   to
                   the
                   People
                   from
                   the
                   Bench
                   ,
                   and
                   instructed
                   them
                   in
                   the
                   Matters
                   of
                   Religion
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   honour'd
                   with
                   publick
                   Entertainments
                   ,
                   and
                   large
                   Gifts
                   and
                   Presents
                   :
                   But
                   he
                   was
                   forbid
                   to
                   wear
                   a
                   Crown
                   by
                   
                     Aulus
                     Pompeius
                  
                   a
                   Tribune
                   of
                   the
                   People
                   .
                   However
                   ,
                   being
                   brought
                   by
                   another
                   Tribune
                   to
                   the
                   Desk
                   ,
                   and
                   being
                   ask'd
                   how
                   the
                   Expiatory
                   Sacrifices
                   should
                   be
                   made
                   ;
                   his
                   Answers
                   were
                   stuff'd
                   with
                   nothing
                   but
                   Superstitious
                   Rites
                   and
                   Ceremonies
                   .
                   At
                   length
                   things
                   were
                   so
                   manag'd
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   driven
                   out
                   by
                   Pompeius
                   his
                   Faction
                   ,
                   with
                   many
                   Scorns
                   and
                   Affronts
                   ;
                   upon
                   which
                   he
                   went
                   to
                   his
                   Inn
                   and
                   never
                   after
                   appear'd
                   abroad
                   :
                   But
                   only
                   told
                   them
                   ,
                   that
                   not
                   only
                   he
                   was
                   disgrac'd
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Goddess
                   was
                   reproach'd
                   and
                   dishonour'd
                   .
                   Presently
                   after
                   Pompeius
                   fell
                   into
                   an
                   high
                   Feaver
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   a
                   *
                   Quinsie
                   which
                   took
                   away
                   his
                   Speech
                   ,
                   and
                   he
                   dy'd
                   the
                   Third
                   day
                   .
                   Upon
                   which
                   it
                   was
                   the
                   common
                   Discourse
                   and
                   Sentiment
                   amongst
                   the
                   ordinary
                   sort
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   was
                   thus
                   punish'd
                   by
                   a
                   Divine
                   Hand
                   ,
                   for
                   his
                   prophane
                   and
                   impious
                   abuse
                   of
                   the
                   Goddess
                   and
                   her
                   Priest
                   .
                   For
                   the
                   Romans
                   are
                   addicted
                   to
                   Superstition
                   much
                   above
                   many
                   other
                   Nations
                   :
                   And
                   therefore
                   Battaces
                   being
                   honour'd
                   with
                   many
                   Presents
                   ,
                   and
                   Liberty
                   granted
                   to
                   him
                   to
                   wear
                   his
                   Sacred
                   Vestments
                   ,
                   with
                   all
                   their
                   Ornaments
                   ,
                   the
                   day
                   he
                   had
                   design'd
                   for
                   his
                   departure
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   conducted
                   by
                   multitudes
                   both
                   of
                   Men
                   and
                   Women
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   City
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                 
                   Out
                   of
                   the
                   same
                   Book
                   .
                
                 
                   Eclog.
                   3.
                   
                   IT
                   was
                   a
                   Custom
                   amongst
                   the
                   Roman
                   Soldiers
                   ,
                   That
                   if
                   any
                   Commander
                   of
                   an
                   Army
                   fought
                   a
                   Battle
                   and
                   kill'd
                   above
                   6000
                   of
                   the
                   Enemy
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   term'd
                   *
                   Emperor
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   the
                   same
                   with
                   *
                   King
                   among
                   the
                   Grecians
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Fragment
                   ,
                   Lib.
                   37.
                   
                   Ecloga
                   Prima
                   .
                
                 
                   THE
                   Marsian
                   War
                   took
                   its
                   name
                   from
                   the
                   Authors
                   of
                   the
                   Defection
                   ,
                   tho'
                   the
                   Italians
                   
                   generally
                   made
                   this
                   War
                   upon
                   the
                   Romans
                   .
                   It
                   's
                   said
                   the
                   first
                   occasion
                   of
                   this
                   arose
                   from
                   the
                   profuseness
                   and
                   luxury
                   the
                   Romans
                   were
                   fall'n
                   into
                   ,
                   who
                   were
                   formerly
                   frugal
                   and
                   sparing
                   in
                   their
                   way
                   of
                   living
                   .
                   This
                   alteration
                   caus'd
                   great
                   Heart-burnings
                   between
                   the
                   Commonalty
                   and
                   the
                   Senate
                   .
                   For
                   when
                   the
                   Senate
                   prevail'd
                   with
                   the
                   Italians
                   to
                   supply
                   the
                   City
                   with
                   Provisions
                   ,
                   and
                   upon
                   their
                   frequent
                   Addresses
                   had
                   promis'd
                   to
                   enfranchise
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   make
                   them
                   Freemen
                   of
                   Rome
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   ratify
                   it
                   by
                   a
                   Law
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Italians
                   saw
                   nothing
                   perform'd
                   that
                   was
                   promis'd
                   ;
                   these
                   were
                   the
                   sparks
                   that
                   at
                   length
                   broke
                   forth
                   into
                   a
                   flame
                   at
                   the
                   time
                   when
                   
                     Lucius
                     Martius
                     ,
                     Philippus
                  
                   and
                   *
                   
                     Sextus
                     Julius
                  
                   were
                   Consuls
                   in
                   the
                   
                     117th
                     Olympiad
                  
                   .
                
                 
                   Many
                   were
                   the
                   Slaughters
                   ,
                   Sieges
                   ,
                   and
                   Sacking
                   of
                   Towns
                   on
                   both
                   sides
                   during
                   this
                   War
                   ,
                   Victory
                   hovering
                   sometimes
                   here
                   and
                   sometimes
                   there
                   ,
                   as
                   uncertain
                   where
                   to
                   fall
                   ,
                   giving
                   no
                   assurance
                   to
                   either
                   party
                   ,
                   which
                   of
                   them
                   she
                   favour'd
                   .
                   But
                   at
                   length
                   after
                   the
                   shedding
                   of
                   much
                   Blood
                   ,
                   the
                   Romans
                   (
                   with
                   much
                   ado
                   )
                   got
                   the
                   better
                   ,
                   and
                   regain'd
                   their
                   former
                   Power
                   and
                   Sovereignty
                   .
                   There
                   were
                   engag'd
                   against
                   them
                   in
                   this
                   War
                   the
                   Samnites
                   ,
                   the
                   
                     Asculans
                     ,
                     Lucanans
                     ,
                     Picentians
                  
                   ,
                   them
                   of
                   *
                   Nola
                   ,
                   and
                   other
                   Cities
                   and
                   Nations
                   .
                   Amongst
                   which
                   was
                   *
                   Cortinum
                   a
                   large
                   and
                   famous
                   City
                   greatly
                   frequented
                   ,
                   in
                   which
                   the
                   Italians
                   had
                   a
                   little
                   before
                   planted
                   a
                   Colony
                   .
                   Here
                   were
                   all
                   things
                   necessary
                   for
                   the
                   support
                   and
                   defence
                   of
                   so
                   great
                   a
                   City
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   maintenance
                   of
                   the
                   Government
                   ;
                   particularly
                   a
                   large
                   Market-place
                   and
                   Court-House
                   ,
                   with
                   a
                   vast
                   Treasure
                   ,
                   and
                   plentiful
                   Provisions
                   of
                   all
                   sorts
                   .
                   They
                   had
                   likewise
                   a
                   Senate
                   consisting
                   of
                   500
                   Men.
                   Out
                   of
                   which
                   were
                   chosen
                   those
                   reputed
                   fit
                   to
                   execute
                   the
                   highest
                   places
                   of
                   Magistracy
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   manage
                   the
                   weighty
                   Affairs
                   of
                   the
                   Commonwealth
                   .
                   These
                   therefore
                   they
                   entrusted
                   with
                   the
                   management
                   of
                   the
                   War
                   ,
                   and
                   put
                   the
                   absolute
                   power
                   of
                   the
                   disposing
                   of
                   all
                   their
                   concerns
                   into
                   the
                   hands
                   of
                   the
                   Senators
                   ,
                   who
                   made
                   a
                   Law
                   that
                   Two
                   Consuls
                   should
                   be
                   chosen
                   every
                   year
                   ,
                   and
                   Twelve
                   Generals
                   .
                   At
                   which
                   time
                   
                     Quintus
                     Pompoedius
                     Silo
                  
                   a
                   Marsian
                   ,
                   (
                   a
                   Man
                   of
                   chiefest
                   quality
                   in
                   his
                   Country
                   ,
                   )
                   and
                   
                     Caius
                     Aponius
                     Motulus
                  
                   (
                   famous
                   for
                   his
                   noble
                   Acts
                   above
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   his
                   own
                   Nation
                   .
                   )
                   were
                   chosen
                   Consuls
                   .
                   They
                   divided
                   all
                   Italy
                   into
                   Two
                   Parts
                   ,
                   and
                   took
                   either
                   of
                   their
                   equal
                   shares
                   for
                   the
                   executing
                   of
                   their
                   Consular
                   Authority
                   .
                   They
                   allotted
                   the
                   Region
                   or
                   Tract
                   from
                   the
                   Cercoli
                   (
                   so
                   call'd
                   )
                   to
                   the
                   Adriatick
                   Sea
                   ,
                   which
                   lay
                   to
                   the
                   North
                   and
                   West
                   to
                   Pompaedius
                   ,
                   to
                   six
                   of
                   the
                   Generals
                   .
                   The
                   rest
                   which
                   lay
                   to
                   the
                   South
                   and
                   East
                   the
                   Italians
                   assign'd
                   to
                   Motulus
                   ,
                   with
                   as
                   many
                   more
                   of
                   the
                   Military
                   Officers
                   .
                   Having
                   put
                   all
                   things
                   into
                   this
                   good
                   Order
                   ,
                   and
                   (
                   to
                   sum
                   up
                   all
                   )
                   having
                   order'd
                   all
                   things
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   ancient
                   Model
                   of
                   the
                   Roman
                   Government
                   ,
                   they
                   set
                   themselves
                   more
                   intently
                   and
                   earnestly
                   to
                   the
                   prosecuting
                   of
                   the
                   War
                   ,
                   and
                   call'd
                   the
                   City
                   it self
                   Italy
                   .
                   And
                   they
                   were
                   so
                   successful
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   came
                   off
                   Conquerors
                   for
                   the
                   most
                   part
                   ,
                   till
                   
                     Cneius
                     Pompeius
                  
                   was
                   made
                   Consul
                   and
                   General
                   ,
                   
                   who
                   with
                   Sylla
                   (
                   deputed
                   by
                   Cato
                   the
                   other
                   Consul
                   )
                   often
                   routed
                   them
                   ,
                   and
                   reduc'd
                   them
                   to
                   those
                   straits
                   ,
                   that
                   at
                   length
                   their
                   Power
                   was
                   broken
                   in
                   pieces
                   .
                   However
                   they
                   
                   still
                   continu'd
                   the
                   War
                   ,
                   but
                   were
                   often
                   worsted
                   by
                   
                     Caius
                     Cossinius
                  
                   General
                   in
                   *
                   Japygia
                   .
                   Being
                   therefore
                   distress'd
                   and
                   harass'd
                   with
                   so
                   many
                   and
                   great
                   mischiefs
                   one
                   upon
                   the
                   neck
                   of
                   another
                   (
                   and
                   the
                   Marsians
                   and
                   other
                   Nations
                   falling
                   to
                   the
                   Romans
                   )
                   they
                   forsook
                   their
                   new
                   City
                   ,
                   and
                   transplanted
                   themselves
                   to
                   Aesernia
                   a
                   City
                   of
                   the
                   Samnites
                   ,
                   under
                   the
                   conduct
                   of
                   Five
                   Generals
                   ;
                   of
                   whom
                   they
                   made
                   
                     Quintus
                     Pompoedius
                  
                   Chief
                   ,
                   for
                   his
                   Valour
                   and
                   prudent
                   management
                   of
                   the
                   War
                   ,
                   who
                   with
                   the
                   consent
                   of
                   all
                   the
                   other
                   Captains
                   ,
                   rais'd
                   a
                   great
                   Army
                   ,
                   which
                   with
                   the
                   old
                   Soldiers
                   amounted
                   to
                   the
                   number
                   of
                   30000.
                   
                   And
                   besides
                   ,
                   he
                   got
                   together
                   at
                   least
                   20000
                   Foot
                   ,
                   and
                   1000
                   Horse
                   of
                   manumitted
                   Slaves
                   ,
                   and
                   Arm'd
                   them
                   as
                   well
                   as
                   the
                   time
                   would
                   allow
                   .
                   And
                   coming
                   to
                   an
                   Engagement
                   with
                   the
                   Romans
                   ,
                   whose
                   General
                   was
                   Mamercus
                   ;
                   he
                   kill'd
                   a
                   few
                   of
                   them
                   ,
                   but
                   lost
                   above
                   6000
                   of
                   his
                   own
                   Men.
                   
                
                 
                 
                   About
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   Metellus
                   took
                   the
                   famous
                   City
                   Venusia
                   in
                   Apulia
                   ,
                   which
                   had
                   in
                   it
                   a
                   great
                   number
                   of
                   Soldiers
                   ,
                   and
                   carry'd
                   away
                   above
                   3000
                   prisoners
                   .
                   And
                   now
                   the
                   Romans
                   prevail'd
                   every
                   day
                   more
                   and
                   more
                   against
                   their
                   Enemies
                   :
                   So
                   that
                   the
                   Italians
                   sent
                   Ambassadors
                   to
                   Mithridates
                   King
                   of
                   Pontus
                   (
                   who
                   had
                   then
                   a
                   brave
                   and
                   well
                   appointed
                   Army
                   )
                   to
                   intreat
                   him
                   to
                   march
                   into
                   Italy
                   with
                   his
                   Army
                   to
                   oppose
                   the
                   Romans
                   ,
                   by
                   which
                   means
                   (
                   they
                   told
                   him
                   )
                   that
                   their
                   Power
                   would
                   be
                   easily
                   broken
                   :
                   Mithridates
                   answer'd
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   would
                   march
                   into
                   Italy
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   he
                   had
                   subdu'd
                   Asia
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   which
                   he
                   was
                   then
                   engag'd
                   .
                   The
                   Rebels
                   therefore
                   being
                   now
                   frustrated
                   in
                   their
                   hopes
                   of
                   Assistance
                   ,
                   and
                   of
                   supplies
                   of
                   Money
                   ,
                   were
                   greatly
                   discourag'd
                   .
                   For
                   there
                   were
                   but
                   a
                   few
                   of
                   the
                   Samnites
                   remaining
                   :
                   and
                   the
                   Sabellians
                   kept
                   themselves
                   close
                   within
                   Nola
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   like
                   did
                   Lamponius
                   and
                   Cleptius
                   ,
                   who
                   commanded
                   those
                   that
                   were
                   left
                   of
                   the
                   Lucanians
                   .
                
                 
                   The
                   Marsian
                   War
                   being
                   now
                   almost
                   at
                   an
                   end
                   ,
                   there
                   arose
                   again
                   a
                   great
                   Sedition
                   in
                   Rome
                   ,
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   contentious
                   Ambition
                   of
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   Roman
                   Nobility
                   ,
                   every
                   one
                   striving
                   which
                   should
                   be
                   General
                   in
                   the
                   Expedition
                   against
                   Mithridates
                   ,
                   stirr'd
                   up
                   thereunto
                   with
                   the
                   Greatness
                   of
                   the
                   Rewards
                   and
                   Riches
                   to
                   be
                   reap'd
                   by
                   that
                   War.
                   For
                   
                     Caius
                     Julius
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Caius
                     Marius
                  
                   who
                   had
                   been
                   Six
                   times
                   Consul
                   ,
                   oppos'd
                   one
                   another
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   People
                   on
                   that
                   occasion
                   were
                   divided
                   ,
                   some
                   for
                   one
                   and
                   some
                   for
                   the
                   other
                   .
                   There
                   were
                   likewise
                   other
                   disturbances
                   about
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   .
                   For
                   Sylla
                   the
                   Consul
                   went
                   from
                   Rome
                   to
                   the
                   Forces
                   that
                   lay
                   near
                   unto
                   Nola
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   terrify'd
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   bordering
                   Territories
                   ,
                   with
                   their
                   Cities
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   forc'd
                   them
                   to
                   the
                   obedience
                   of
                   the
                   Romans
                   .
                   But
                   when
                   Sylla
                   was
                   engag'd
                   in
                   the
                   War
                   in
                   Asia
                   against
                   Mithridates
                   ,
                   and
                   Rome
                   was
                   fill'd
                   with
                   slaughters
                   and
                   intestine
                   broils
                   ,
                   
                     Marcus
                     Aponius
                  
                   and
                   
                     Tiberius
                     Cleptius
                  
                   Generals
                   of
                   those
                   Italians
                   that
                   were
                   left
                   continuing
                   in
                   Brutia
                   (
                   not
                   being
                   able
                   to
                   take
                   the
                   strong
                   City
                   Aesias
                   ,
                   after
                   a
                   long
                   time
                   they
                   had
                   lain
                   before
                   it
                   )
                   left
                   part
                   of
                   their
                   Army
                   to
                   maintain
                   the
                   Siege
                   ,
                   and
                   with
                   the
                   rest
                   fiercely
                   assaulted
                   Rhegium
                   ,
                   in
                   hopes
                   that
                   if
                   they
                   gain'd
                   this
                   place
                   ,
                   they
                   might
                   with
                   ease
                   transport
                   their
                   Army
                   into
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   become
                   Masters
                   of
                   the
                   richest
                   Island
                   under
                   the
                   Sun.
                   But
                   
                     Caius
                     Urbanus
                  
                   the
                   Governor
                   of
                   Rhegium
                   so
                   terrify'd
                   the
                   Italiots
                   with
                   the
                   greatness
                   of
                   his
                   Army
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   vast
                   preparations
                   ,
                   that
                   they
                   drew
                   off
                   from
                   the
                   Siege
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   the
                   Rhegians
                   were
                   delivered
                   .
                   And
                   afterwards
                   when
                   the
                   Civil
                   Wars
                   broke
                   forth
                   between
                   Marius
                   and
                   Sylla
                   ,
                   part
                   of
                   them
                   sided
                   with
                   Marius
                   and
                   the
                   rest
                   with
                   Scylla
                   ,
                   and
                   most
                   of
                   them
                   were
                   kill'd
                   in
                   the
                   War
                   ,
                   and
                   those
                   that
                   surviv'd
                   all
                   joyn'd
                   with
                   the
                   Conqueror
                   Scylla
                   .
                   And
                   thus
                   ended
                   the
                   Marsian
                   War
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   greatest
                   home-bred
                   Sedition
                   of
                   any
                   that
                   was
                   ever
                   before
                   among
                   the
                   Romans
                   .
                
                 
                   Eclog.
                   2.
                   
                   And
                   now
                   that
                   the
                   Marsian
                   War
                   was
                   at
                   an
                   end
                   ,
                   a
                   Second
                   great
                   Sedition
                   was
                   rais'd
                   
                   in
                   Rome
                   ,
                   stirr'd
                   up
                   by
                   Sylla
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Caius
                     Marius
                  
                   a
                   young
                   Man
                   ,
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                   Marius
                   who
                   had
                   been
                   Seven
                   times
                   Consul
                   .
                   In
                   this
                   Commotion
                   many
                   thousands
                   of
                   Men
                   perish'd
                   :
                   At
                   length
                   Sylla
                   prevail'd
                   ,
                   and
                   being
                   created
                   Dictator
                   ,
                   he
                   call'd
                   himself
                   Epaphroditus
                   ;
                   which
                   vain
                   glorious
                   Title
                   did
                   not
                   altogether
                   deceive
                   him
                   ,
                   for
                   he
                   prosper'd
                   all
                   his
                   life
                   long
                   ,
                   and
                   dy'd
                   a
                   natural
                   death
                   after
                   all
                   his
                   Victories
                   .
                   But
                   Marius
                   ,
                   altho'
                   he
                   behav'd
                   himself
                   with
                   great
                   Gallantry
                   in
                   the
                   War
                   against
                   Sylla
                   ,
                   being
                   at
                   length
                   routed
                   ,
                   fled
                   with
                   15000
                   Men
                   to
                   Proeneste
                   ,
                   where
                   he
                   was
                   Besieg'd
                   a
                   long
                   time
                   ;
                   at
                   length
                   all
                   having
                   forsaken
                   him
                   ,
                   and
                   seeing
                   no
                   way
                   how
                   to
                   escape
                   ,
                   he
                   earnestly
                   intreated
                   one
                   of
                   his
                   faithful
                   Servants
                   to
                   afford
                   him
                   his
                   helping
                   hand
                   for
                   the
                   extricating
                   him
                   out
                   of
                   the
                   present
                   dangers
                   and
                   mischiefs
                   that
                   surrounded
                   him
                   .
                   After
                   much
                   persuasion
                   the
                   Servant
                   at
                   one
                   stroke
                   put
                   an
                   end
                   to
                   his
                   Masters
                   Life
                   ,
                   and
                   then
                   immediately
                   kill'd
                   himself
                   .
                   And
                   so
                   at
                   length
                   ended
                   this
                   Civil
                   War.
                   However
                   ,
                   some
                   relicks
                   of
                   it
                   still
                   gave
                   Scylla
                   disturbance
                   for
                   some
                   time
                   till
                   those
                   that
                   pursu'd
                   it
                   ,
                   with
                   some
                   others
                   ,
                   were
                   suppress'd
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   after
                   these
                   were
                   all
                   ruin'd
                   and
                   destroy'd
                   ,
                   there
                   broke
                   out
                   such
                   a
                   flame
                   of
                   Discord
                   
                   between
                   
                     Julius
                     Caesar
                  
                   and
                   Pompey
                   who
                   (
                   for
                   the
                   great
                   and
                   eminent
                   Services
                   he
                   had
                   done
                   for
                   the
                   Romans
                   ,
                   partly
                   by
                   the
                   Conduct
                   of
                   Sylla
                   ,
                   and
                   partly
                   by
                   his
                   own
                   Valour
                   )
                   was
                   sirnam'd
                   the
                   Great
                   ,
                   that
                   the
                   Romans
                   were
                   again
                   involv'd
                   in
                   intestine
                   Slaughters
                   and
                   Butcheries
                   .
                   And
                   as
                   soon
                   as
                   Pompey
                   had
                   lost
                   all
                   his
                   Army
                   in
                   a
                   great
                   Battle
                   ,
                   he
                   himself
                   was
                   afterwards
                   Murther'd
                   near
                   Alexandria
                   :
                   and
                   the
                   unbounded
                   power
                   of
                   the
                   Consuls
                   ,
                   being
                   at
                   length
                   restrain'd
                   and
                   limited
                   ,
                   fell
                   wholly
                   into
                   the
                   hands
                   of
                   Caesar
                   himself
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   ended
                   the
                   Sedition
                   .
                
                 
                   But
                   when
                   he
                   was
                   murther'd
                   ,
                   another
                   Civil
                   War
                   broke
                   forth
                   against
                   Brutus
                   and
                   Cassius
                   his
                   Murtherers
                   ,
                   which
                   was
                   manag'd
                   by
                   the
                   Consuls
                   
                     Lepidus
                     Antonius
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   
                     Octavius
                     Augustus
                  
                   .
                   When
                   this
                   War
                   was
                   ended
                   by
                   dint
                   of
                   Sword
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   deaths
                   of
                   Cassius
                   and
                   Brutus
                   ,
                   not
                   long
                   after
                   the
                   secret
                   and
                   private
                   grudges
                   and
                   quarrels
                   between
                   Augustus
                   and
                   Anthony
                   for
                   the
                   Supream
                   Power
                   ,
                   broke
                   out
                   into
                   an
                   open
                   War
                   :
                   And
                   after
                   much
                   Blood
                   spilt
                   on
                   
                   both
                   sides
                   ,
                   Augustus
                   gain'd
                   the
                   Empire
                   ,
                   which
                   he
                   held
                   during
                   his
                   Life
                   ,
                   having
                   now
                   wav'd
                   
                   his
                   Consular
                   Power
                   and
                   Dignity
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Out
                   of
                   the
                   38th
                   .
                   BOOK
                   .
                
                 
                   CINNA
                   and
                   Marius
                   ,
                   calling
                   together
                   a
                   Council
                   of
                   the
                   Chiefest
                   of
                   the
                   Officers
                   
                   consulted
                   what
                   ways
                   and
                   methods
                   were
                   best
                   to
                   take
                   for
                   the
                   better
                   settling
                   and
                   confirming
                   of
                   the
                   Peace
                   .
                   At
                   length
                   they
                   resolv'd
                   to
                   put
                   to
                   death
                   the
                   greatest
                   persons
                   of
                   quality
                   that
                   were
                   their
                   Enemies
                   ,
                   and
                   who
                   were
                   most
                   capable
                   to
                   make
                   a
                   disturbance
                   and
                   overturn
                   all
                   their
                   Affairs
                   ,
                   that
                   so
                   the
                   Factious
                   Party
                   being
                   purg'd
                   out
                   from
                   among
                   them
                   ,
                   they
                   and
                   their
                   Friends
                   might
                   Govern
                   all
                   things
                   for
                   the
                   future
                   with
                   more
                   security
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   their
                   own
                   Will
                   and
                   Pleasure
                   .
                   Upon
                   this
                   forthwith
                   all
                   regard
                   to
                   former
                   Leagues
                   and
                   Articles
                   were
                   wholly
                   laid
                   aside
                   :
                   Persons
                   were
                   proscrib'd
                   and
                   butcher'd
                   in
                   every
                   place
                   ,
                   without
                   being
                   heard
                   .
                   At
                   that
                   time
                   
                     Quintus
                     Lutatus
                     Catullus
                  
                   who
                   had
                   had
                   a
                   glorious
                   Triumph
                   for
                   his
                   Victory
                   over
                   the
                   *
                   Cimbri
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   more
                   than
                   an
                   ordinary
                   share
                   in
                   the
                   Affections
                   of
                   the
                   People
                   ,
                   was
                   accus'd
                   by
                   a
                   Tribune
                   of
                   the
                   People
                   for
                   a
                   Capital
                   Offence
                   ,
                   who
                   fearing
                   the
                   imminent
                   hazard
                   of
                   the
                   Calumny
                   ,
                   made
                   his
                   application
                   to
                   Marius
                   ,
                   to
                   intreat
                   him
                   to
                   interpose
                   for
                   his
                   deliverance
                   (
                   for
                   he
                   had
                   been
                   his
                   Friend
                   formerly
                   ,
                   but
                   through
                   some
                   suspicion
                   he
                   then
                   had
                   of
                   him
                   he
                   was
                   become
                   his
                   Enemy
                   ;
                   )
                   But
                   he
                   answer'd
                   him
                   thus
                   ,
                   
                     Dy
                     you
                     must
                  
                   .
                   Upon
                   this
                   ,
                   Catullus
                   perceiving
                   there
                   was
                   no
                   hopes
                   of
                   his
                   preservation
                   ,
                   studied
                   how
                   to
                   dye
                   without
                   disgrace
                   ;
                   to
                   which
                   end
                   he
                   destroy'd
                   himself
                   by
                   a
                   strange
                   and
                   unusual
                   way
                   :
                   For
                   he
                   shut
                   himself
                   up
                   in
                   a
                   House
                   new
                   plaister'd
                   ,
                   and
                   caus'd
                   a
                   Fire
                   to
                   be
                   kindled
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   smoak
                   of
                   which
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   moist
                   vapours
                   from
                   the
                   Lime
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   there
                   stifled
                   to
                   death
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Out
                   of
                   the
                   40th
                   BOOK
                   .
                
                 
                   WE
                   being
                   about
                   to
                   write
                   of
                   the
                   War
                   against
                   the
                   Jews
                   ,
                   we
                   take
                   it
                   to
                   be
                   part
                   of
                   our
                   Province
                   ,
                   before
                   we
                   proceed
                   further
                   ;
                   First
                   ,
                   in
                   short
                   to
                   Declare
                   the
                   Original
                   
                   of
                   this
                   Nation
                   ,
                   and
                   their
                   Laws
                   .
                   In
                   Ancient
                   times
                   there
                   hapned
                   a
                   great
                   Plague
                   in
                   Aegypt
                   ,
                   and
                   many
                   ascrib'd
                   the
                   cause
                   of
                   it
                   to
                   GOD
                   ,
                   who
                   was
                   offended
                   with
                   them
                   .
                   For
                   there
                   being
                   multitudes
                   of
                   Strangers
                   of
                   several
                   Nations
                   who
                   inhabited
                   there
                   ,
                   who
                   us'd
                   their
                   Foreign
                   Rites
                   and
                   Ceremonies
                   in
                   the
                   Administration
                   of
                   the
                   Publick
                   Sacrifices
                   ,
                   the
                   Ancient
                   manner
                   of
                   worshipping
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   us'd
                   by
                   the
                   Ancestors
                   of
                   the
                   Aegyptians
                   ,
                   was
                   quite
                   lost
                   and
                   forgotten
                   .
                   Hence
                   it
                   was
                   that
                   the
                   natural
                   Inhabitants
                   concluded
                   ,
                   that
                   unless
                   all
                   the
                   Strangers
                   were
                   driven
                   out
                   ,
                   they
                   should
                   never
                   be
                   freed
                   from
                   their
                   Miseries
                   .
                   Upon
                   which
                   they
                   were
                   all
                   expell'd
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   most
                   Valiant
                   and
                   Noble
                   among
                   them
                   ,
                   under
                   the
                   Conduct
                   of
                   skilful
                   Commanders
                   (
                   as
                   some
                   relate
                   )
                   after
                   many
                   great
                   hardships
                   came
                   into
                   Greece
                   and
                   other
                   places
                   ,
                   of
                   whom
                   amongst
                   other
                   Leaders
                   ,
                   the
                   most
                   famous
                   and
                   remarkable
                   were
                   Danaus
                   and
                   Cadinus
                   .
                   But
                   the
                   greatest
                   part
                   of
                   the
                   People
                   came
                   into
                   that
                   Country
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   now
                   call'd
                   Judea
                   ,
                   not
                   far
                   from
                   Aegypt
                   ,
                   and
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   altogether
                   Desart
                   and
                   uninhabited
                   .
                   The
                   Leader
                   of
                   this
                   Colony
                   was
                   one
                   Moses
                   ,
                   a
                   very
                   wise
                   and
                   valiant
                   Man
                   ,
                   who
                   after
                   he
                   had
                   possess'd
                   himself
                   of
                   the
                   Country
                   ,
                   amongst
                   other
                   Cities
                   built
                   that
                   now
                   most
                   Famous
                   City
                   Jerusalem
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Temple
                   there
                   ,
                   which
                   is
                   so
                   greatly
                   Reverenc'd
                   among
                   them
                   .
                   He
                   then
                   instituted
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                   GOD's
                   Worship
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Holy
                   Rites
                   and
                   Ceremonies
                   :
                   and
                   made
                   Laws
                   for
                   the
                   Government
                   of
                   the
                   Common-wealth
                   ,
                   and
                   reduc'd
                   them
                   into
                   a
                   methodical
                   Order
                   .
                   He
                   divided
                   the
                   People
                   into
                   Twelve
                   Tribes
                   ,
                   as
                   the
                   most
                   perfect
                   number
                   ,
                   as
                   he
                   conceiv'd
                   ;
                   because
                   answering
                   the
                   Twelve
                   Months
                   ,
                   which
                   make
                   up
                   the
                   whole
                   Year
                   :
                   But
                   he
                   made
                   no
                   Representation
                   or
                   Image
                   of
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   because
                   he
                   judg'd
                   nothing
                   of
                   an
                   Human
                   Shape
                   was
                   applicable
                   to
                   GOD
                   :
                   But
                   that
                   this
                   Heaven
                   ,
                   which
                   compass'd
                   the
                   Earth
                   round
                   ,
                   only
                   was
                   GOD
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   all
                   things
                   were
                   in
                   its
                   power
                   .
                   But
                   he
                   so
                   order'd
                   the
                   Rites
                   and
                   Ceremonies
                   of
                   the
                   Sacrifices
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   manner
                   and
                   Rule
                   of
                   their
                   Conversations
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   they
                   should
                   be
                   wholly
                   different
                   from
                   all
                   other
                   Nations
                   .
                   For
                   (
                   by
                   reason
                   of
                   the
                   Expulsion
                   of
                   his
                   People
                   )
                   he
                   commanded
                   a
                   most
                   inhumane
                   and
                   unsociable
                   Conversation
                   .
                   He
                   pickt
                   out
                   likewise
                   the
                   greatest
                   Persons
                   of
                   quality
                   who
                   were
                   best
                   able
                   to
                   Rule
                   and
                   Govern
                   the
                   People
                   (
                   then
                   embodied
                   into
                   one
                   Nation
                   ,
                   )
                   and
                   them
                   he
                   created
                   Priests
                   ;
                   whose
                   Duty
                   and
                   Office
                   was
                   continually
                   to
                   attend
                   the
                   Temple
                   ,
                   and
                   employ
                   themselves
                   in
                   the
                   publick
                   Worship
                   and
                   
                   Service
                   of
                   God.
                   He
                   constituted
                   them
                   likewise
                   to
                   be
                   Judges
                   for
                   the
                   decision
                   of
                   the
                   most
                   weighty
                   Causes
                   ,
                   and
                   committed
                   to
                   their
                   Care
                   the
                   keeping
                   and
                   preservation
                   of
                   the
                   Laws
                   .
                   Therefore
                   they
                   say
                   that
                   the
                   Jews
                   never
                   had
                   any
                   King
                   :
                   but
                   that
                   the
                   Care
                   and
                   Authority
                   of
                   Governing
                   the
                   People
                   was
                   always
                   given
                   to
                   him
                   ,
                   who
                   excell'd
                   the
                   rest
                   of
                   the
                   Priests
                   in
                   Prudence
                   and
                   Virtue
                   ,
                   whom
                   they
                   call
                   the
                   
                     Chief
                     Priest
                  
                   :
                   and
                   him
                   they
                   always
                   took
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   Messenger
                   ,
                   and
                   Interpreter
                   to
                   them
                   of
                   the
                   Mind
                   and
                   Commands
                   of
                   GOD.
                   And
                   they
                   say
                   that
                   he
                   in
                   all
                   their
                   Publick
                   Assemblies
                   and
                   other
                   Meetings
                   ,
                   declares
                   what
                   he
                   has
                   in
                   Command
                   ,
                   and
                   that
                   upon
                   that
                   account
                   the
                   Jews
                   are
                   so
                   observant
                   ,
                   that
                   forthwith
                   they
                   prostrate
                   themselves
                   upon
                   the
                   ground
                   ,
                   and
                   Adore
                   him
                   as
                   the
                   
                     High
                     Priest
                  
                   ,
                   and
                   Interpreter
                   to
                   them
                   of
                   the
                   Oracles
                   of
                   GOD.
                   But
                   in
                   the
                   close
                   of
                   the
                   Laws
                   this
                   is
                   subjoin'd
                   ,
                   
                     Moses
                     the
                  
                   *
                   
                     Messenger
                     of
                     God
                     thus
                     saith
                     to
                     the
                  
                   Jews
                   .
                   This
                   Law-giver
                   likewise
                   laid
                   down
                   many
                   prudent
                   and
                   excellent
                   Rules
                   and
                   Instructions
                   for
                   Martial
                   Affairs
                   ,
                   and
                   inur'd
                   the
                   Youth
                   to
                   endure
                   hardship
                   and
                   difficulties
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   exercise
                   Patience
                   in
                   all
                   Miseries
                   and
                   Distresses
                   .
                   Moreover
                   ,
                   he
                   undertook
                   many
                   Wars
                   against
                   the
                   neighbouring
                   Nations
                   ,
                   and
                   gain'd
                   many
                   large
                   Territories
                   by
                   force
                   of
                   Arms
                   ,
                   and
                   gave
                   them
                   as
                   an
                   Inheritance
                   to
                   his
                   Countrymen
                   ,
                   in
                   such
                   manner
                   ,
                   as
                   that
                   every
                   one
                   shar'd
                   alike
                   ,
                   saving
                   the
                   Priests
                   who
                   had
                   a
                   larger
                   proportion
                   than
                   the
                   rest
                   ,
                   that
                   having
                   more
                   ,
                   they
                   might
                   continualy
                   attend
                   upon
                   the
                   publick
                   Worship
                   of
                   GOD
                   without
                   distraction
                   .
                   Neither
                   was
                   it
                   lawful
                   for
                   any
                   Man
                   to
                   sell
                   his
                   Inheritance
                   allotted
                   him
                   ,
                   lest
                   by
                   the
                   Covetousness
                   of
                   them
                   that
                   buy
                   ,
                   others
                   should
                   become
                   poor
                   ,
                   and
                   so
                   the
                   Nation
                   should
                   be
                   depopulated
                   .
                   He
                   order'd
                   likewise
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   to
                   be
                   careful
                   in
                   the
                   Educating
                   of
                   their
                   Children
                   ,
                   who
                   are
                   brought
                   up
                   with
                   very
                   little
                   Cost
                   and
                   Charge
                   ,
                   and
                   by
                   that
                   means
                   the
                   Jewish
                   Nation
                   was
                   always
                   populous
                   .
                   Lastly
                   ,
                   as
                   to
                   their
                   Marriages
                   and
                   Funerals
                   ,
                   he
                   appointed
                   them
                   Laws
                   much
                   different
                   from
                   all
                   other
                   People
                   .
                   But
                   under
                   the
                   Empires
                   that
                   have
                   risen
                   up
                   in
                   these
                   latter
                   Ages
                   ,
                   especially
                   in
                   the
                   Fourth
                   Monarchy
                   of
                   the
                   Persians
                   ,
                   and
                   in
                   the
                   time
                   of
                   the
                   Macedonian
                   Empire
                   ,
                   which
                   overturn'd
                   the
                   former
                   :
                   (
                   through
                   mixture
                   with
                   Foreign
                   Nations
                   )
                   many
                   of
                   the
                   Ancient
                   Laws
                   and
                   Customs
                   among
                   the
                   Jews
                   ,
                   have
                   been
                   chang'd
                   and
                   grown
                   obsolete
                   .
                
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
             
               Henry
               Valesius
               HIS
               FRAGMENTS
               OUT
               OF
               The
               6
               th
               ,
               21
               st
               ,
               22
               d
               ,
               23
               d
               ,
               24
               th
               ,
               25
               th
               ,
               26
               th
               ,
               34
               th
               ,
               36
               th
               ,
               and
               37
               th
               lost
               Books
               OF
               
                 Diodorus
                 Siculus
                 ,
                 By
                 him
                 Published
                 in
                 the
                 Year
              
               MDCXXXIV
               .
            
             
               Now
               Translated
               ,
               and
               Compar'd
               with
               the
               Greek
               .
            
             
               LONDON
               ,
               Printed
               by
               
                 Edw.
                 Jones
              
               ,
               for
               A.
               and
               
                 J.
                 Churchill
              
               at
               the
               Black-Swan
               in
               Pater-Noster-Row
               :
               1699.
               
            
          
           
             
             
             
               To
               the
               READER
               .
            
             
               THese
               Fragments
               of
               Diodorus
               the
               Sicilian
               ,
               were
               first
               Collected
               by
               Constantine
               the
               Seventh
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               Eastern
               Emperors
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Leo
               the
               Sixth
               .
               He
               began
               to
               Reign
               about
               the
               Year
               of
               our
               Lord
               911.
               
               He
               got
               together
               from
               all
               parts
               ,
               Books
               of
               all
               sorts
               of
               Learning
               ,
               in
               order
               to
               make
               up
               a
               compleat
               Library
               .
               Out
               of
               the
               several
               Authors
               he
               Collected
               such
               Observations
               as
               were
               most
               remarkable
               ,
               and
               Marshall'd
               each
               of
               them
               that
               concern'd
               one
               and
               the
               same
               subject
               ,
               under
               their
               several
               and
               proper
               Heads
               .
               The
               Heads
               or
               common
               Places
               of
               his
               Historical
               Collections
               were
               Fifty
               three
               in
               Number
               ;
               and
               made
               up
               a
               Hundred
               and
               Six
               Volumns
               .
               For
               every
               Head
               ,
               he
               divided
               into
               two
               Books
               ;
               in
               the
               first
               of
               which
               was
               contain'd
               what
               was
               said
               of
               that
               particular
               subject
               by
               the
               most
               Ancient
               Authors
               ,
               or
               such
               as
               writ
               Universal
               Histories
               from
               the
               begining
               of
               Time
               :
               In
               the
               second
               are
               Collections
               out
               of
               those
               Authors
               that
               writ
               of
               the
               Acts
               and
               Affairs
               past
               ,
               in
               the
               time
               of
               the
               Caesars
               .
               That
               common
               Place
               wherein
               are
               these
               Fragments
               of
               Diodorus
               ,
               is
               one
               of
               the
               Fifty
               three
               ,
               and
               is
               Titled
               thus
               ,
               viz.
               *
               Of
               Virtues
               and
               Vices
               .
               It
               was
               brought
               out
               of
               Cyprus
               to
               Paris
               by
               
                 Nicholas
                 Fabricius
              
               ,
               not
               long
               before
               the
               Fragments
               were
               Publish'd
               by
               Valesius
               ,
               as
               appears
               in
               his
               Epistle
               dedicated
               to
               Fabricius
               himself
               ,
               and
               in
               that
               to
               the
               Reader
               .
               The
               rest
               of
               the
               Fifty
               three
               Heads
               of
               this
               Emperor
               ,
               are
               lost
               ,
               save
               only
               one
               ,
               which
               is
               Intituled
               thus
               ,
               viz.
               Of
               Embassies
               ,
               divided
               into
               two
               Volumns
               .
               The
               
               first
               publish'd
               by
               
                 Fulvius
                 Ursinus
              
               ,
               where
               Collections
               are
               again
               made
               out
               of
               Diodorus
               the
               Sicilian
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               by
               
                 David
                 Hoeschelius
              
               .
               This
               account
               of
               the
               preservation
               of
               these
               Fragments
               ,
               and
               how
               they
               came
               to
               light
               ,
               I
               conceiv'd
               was
               needful
               to
               satisfie
               the
               Reader
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               he
               may
               be
               assur'd
               ,
               he
               is
               not
               impos'd
               upon
               by
               any
               thing
               in
               this
               Kind
               that
               is
               Fictitious
               and
               Spurious
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             
               Fragments
               out
               of
               the
               History
               of
               Diodorus
               the
               Sicilian
               ,
               publish'd
               by
               
                 Henry
                 Valesius
              
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 6th
                 Book
                 .
              
               
                 CAstor
                 and
                 Pollux
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 also
                 call'd
                 Dioscuri
                 ,
                 are
                 said
                 to
                 be
                 Eminent
                 above
                 others
                 for
                 Valour
                 ,
                 and
                 remarkable
                 in
                 their
                 Assistance
                 in
                 the
                 Expedition
                 with
                 the
                 Argonauts
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 afforded
                 considerable
                 help
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 but
                 otherwise
                 very
                 weak
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 speak
                 all
                 in
                 sum
                 ,
                 they
                 gain'd
                 in
                 all
                 places
                 exceeding
                 honour
                 and
                 reputation
                 for
                 their
                 Valour
                 ,
                 Justice
                 ,
                 Piety
                 and
                 Martial
                 skill
                 and
                 discipline
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 ready
                 in
                 all
                 hazards
                 with
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 most
                 forward
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 for
                 the
                 eminency
                 of
                 their
                 Valour
                 ,
                 were
                 reputed
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 their
                 deaths
                 ,
                 were
                 honour'd
                 with
                 Divine
                 honours
                 .
              
               
                 Epopeus
                 King
                 of
                 Sicyon
                 ,
                 challenging
                 the
                 Gods
                 to
                 a
                 Combat
                 ,
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 destroy'd
                 their
                 Temples
                 and
                 Altars
                 .
              
               
                 3
                 Sicyphus
                 is
                 said
                 for
                 craft
                 and
                 subtilty
                 to
                 excel
                 all
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 looking
                 into
                 the
                 intrals
                 of
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 declar'd
                 future
                 Events
                 .
              
               
                 4
                 *
                 Salmoneus
                 was
                 Proud
                 and
                 Prophane
                 ,
                 contemn'd
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 preferr'd
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 above
                 the
                 acts
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 out
                 of
                 an
                 *
                 Engine
                 which
                 sent
                 forth
                 a
                 mighty
                 sound
                 ,
                 he
                 us'd
                 to
                 Thunder
                 ,
                 and
                 never
                 offer'd
                 any
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 or
                 observ'd
                 any
                 solemn
                 Festivals
                 to
                 the
                 Gods.
                 
              
               
                 5
                 Tyro
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 was
                 Salmeneus
                 his
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 so
                 call'd
                 from
                 her
                 Beauty
                 and
                 Comeliness
                 of
                 her
                 Person
                 .
              
               
                 6
                 Admetus
                 for
                 his
                 Justice
                 and
                 Piety
                 ,
                 was
                 so
                 approv'd
                 and
                 belov'd
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 Apollo
                 fell
                 into
                 the
                 displeasure
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 order'd
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Servant
                 to
                 Admetus
                 .
                 They
                 say
                 likewise
                 ,
                 that
                 Alcestes
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Pelias
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 only
                 Daughter
                 that
                 was
                 Innocent
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Murther
                 of
                 her
                 Father
                 ,
                 for
                 her
                 Piety
                 was
                 Marry'd
                 to
                 Admetus
                 .
              
               
                 7
                 Melampus
                 was
                 belov'd
                 by
                 Apollo
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 eminent
                 Virtues
                 and
                 Piety
                 .
              
               
               
                 8.
                 
                 When
                 Troy
                 was
                 entred
                 and
                 taken
                 ,
                 Aeneas
                 with
                 some
                 other
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 possessed
                 
                 himself
                 of
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 defended
                 it
                 bravely
                 and
                 valiantly
                 against
                 the
                 assaults
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Greeks
                 upon
                 the
                 terms
                 made
                 ,
                 agreed
                 that
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 should
                 carry
                 away
                 with
                 them
                 as
                 much
                 of
                 their
                 Goods
                 as
                 they
                 could
                 ,
                 all
                 of
                 them
                 but
                 Aeneas
                 ,
                 took
                 away
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 ever
                 else
                 of
                 such
                 kind
                 was
                 esteem'd
                 pretious
                 and
                 valuable
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 carry'd
                 away
                 only
                 his
                 old
                 Father
                 upon
                 his
                 shoulders
                 :
                 At
                 which
                 the
                 Grecians
                 did
                 so
                 admire
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 gave
                 him
                 liberty
                 to
                 make
                 choice
                 of
                 what
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 houshold
                 Goods
                 he
                 pleas'd
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 taking
                 only
                 his
                 houshold
                 Gods
                 ;
                 the
                 Virtue
                 and
                 Piety
                 of
                 the
                 Man
                 caus'd
                 them
                 to
                 admire
                 much
                 more
                 than
                 before
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 perceiv'd
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 his
                 dangers
                 and
                 troubles
                 ,
                 his
                 chiefest
                 care
                 was
                 to
                 discharge
                 his
                 duty
                 to
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 due
                 and
                 pious
                 regards
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 they
                 say
                 that
                 both
                 he
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Trojans
                 that
                 remain'd
                 ,
                 had
                 liberty
                 given
                 them
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 assurance
                 of
                 safe
                 passage
                 to
                 go
                 from
                 Troy
                 ,
                 to
                 what
                 place
                 soever
                 they
                 pleas'd
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 
                   Romulus
                   Silvius
                
                 was
                 exceeding
                 Proud
                 all
                 the
                 days
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 contemner
                 of
                 the
                 Gods.
                 When
                 Jupiter
                 thundred
                 ,
                 he
                 us'd
                 to
                 Command
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 upon
                 a
                 sign
                 given
                 ,
                 all
                 at
                 once
                 to
                 strike
                 upon
                 their
                 shields
                 with
                 their
                 Swords
                 ,
                 and
                 vaunted
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 greater
                 noise
                 than
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 was
                 struck
                 dead
                 with
                 a
                 Thunder-bolt
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 About
                 this
                 time
                 ,
                 one
                 Malachus
                 became
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 Cuma
                 ,
                 by
                 ingratiating
                 
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 common
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 accusing
                 and
                 calumniating
                 great
                 Men
                 :
                 For
                 afterwards
                 putting
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 the
                 richest
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 he
                 seiz'd
                 their
                 Estates
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 Wealth
                 thus
                 got
                 ,
                 hir'd
                 strong
                 Guards
                 ,
                 and
                 struck
                 a
                 Dread
                 and
                 Terror
                 into
                 all
                 the
                 Cumeans
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 Such
                 was
                 the
                 eminent
                 Virtue
                 of
                 Lycurgus
                 ,
                 that
                 once
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 the
                 Oracle
                 
                 saluted
                 him
                 with
                 these
                 Verses
                 .
                 Seek
                 in
                 the
                 Fragments
                 of
                 Sentences
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 observ'd
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 Lycurgus
                 ,
                 from
                 a
                 mean
                 and
                 low
                 condition
                 ,
                 they
                 grew
                 very
                 Potent
                 ,
                 and
                 held
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 Greece
                 for
                 above
                 400
                 Years
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 by
                 degrees
                 they
                 slighted
                 and
                 disregarded
                 one
                 Law
                 after
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 to
                 Sloath
                 and
                 Voluptuousness
                 ,
                 and
                 began
                 to
                 heap
                 up
                 Money
                 and
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 they
                 lost
                 their
                 sovereign
                 Authority
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 Whereas
                 the
                 Eleans
                 were
                 full
                 of
                 strong
                 and
                 youthful
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 a
                 well
                 govern'd
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 jealous
                 of
                 the
                 increase
                 of
                 their
                 power
                 ,
                 endeavour'd
                 
                 all
                 they
                 :
                 could
                 to
                 make
                 them
                 Sacred
                 ,
                 that
                 so
                 being
                 at
                 Peace
                 ,
                 they
                 might
                 gain
                 no
                 experience
                 in
                 matters
                 of
                 War
                 ;
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 consent
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Grecians
                 they
                 devoted
                 them
                 to
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 neither
                 when
                 Xerxes
                 broke
                 into
                 Greece
                 ,
                 were
                 they
                 compell'd
                 to
                 raise
                 any
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 the
                 Priests
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 and
                 overseers
                 of
                 the
                 Games
                 were
                 free
                 :
                 Nor
                 in
                 the
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 did
                 any
                 molest
                 them
                 ,
                 all
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 preserve
                 their
                 Country
                 as
                 a
                 City
                 Sacred
                 and
                 Inviolable
                 :
                 But
                 in
                 after
                 times
                 ,
                 the
                 Eleans
                 betook
                 themselves
                 to
                 Arms
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 two
                 Brothers
                 ,
                 Romulus
                 and
                 Remus
                 being
                 thus
                 expos'd
                 in
                 a
                 Cradle
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 
                 grew
                 up
                 to
                 Mens
                 Estate
                 ,
                 far
                 excell'd
                 their
                 equals
                 in
                 strength
                 and
                 comeliness
                 of
                 their
                 Persons
                 ;
                 and
                 secur'd
                 all
                 the
                 Shepherds
                 and
                 their
                 flocks
                 ,
                 by
                 freeing
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 Theeves
                 ,
                 that
                 us'd
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 prey
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 killing
                 some
                 in
                 their
                 attempts
                 upon
                 the
                 flocks
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 others
                 alive
                 :
                 And
                 besides
                 the
                 honour
                 they
                 wan
                 by
                 their
                 Valour
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 greatly
                 belov'd
                 by
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Shepherds
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 their
                 familiar
                 converse
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 civil
                 and
                 courteous
                 behaviour
                 to
                 all
                 that
                 made
                 their
                 addresses
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 security
                 
                 therefore
                 of
                 them
                 all
                 ,
                 being
                 lodg'd
                 in
                 them
                 ,
                 most
                 submitted
                 to
                 them
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 observant
                 to
                 their
                 Commands
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 wheresoever
                 they
                 were
                 ordered
                 by
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 Polychares
                 the
                 Messenian
                 ,
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 noble
                 Birth
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 rich
                 ,
                 entred
                 into
                 a
                 strict
                 band
                 of
                 familiarity
                 and
                 friendship
                 with
                 Eucephnus
                 the
                 Spartan
                 ,
                 who
                 taking
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 care
                 and
                 protection
                 of
                 the
                 Flocks
                 and
                 Shepherds
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 covet
                 what
                 they
                 had
                 ,
                 but
                 his
                 treachery
                 was
                 soon
                 discovered
                 ;
                 for
                 having
                 sold
                 some
                 Oxen
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Herdsmen
                 themselves
                 ,
                 to
                 foreign
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 and
                 pretending
                 that
                 Robbers
                 carry'd
                 them
                 away
                 by
                 force
                 ,
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 pass
                 that
                 the
                 Merchants
                 Sailing
                 by
                 the
                 Coasts
                 of
                 Pelopponnesus
                 towards
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 sudden
                 Storm
                 ,
                 were
                 cast
                 upon
                 the
                 Land.
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Herdsmen
                 taking
                 advantage
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 got
                 off
                 Shipboard
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 well
                 acquainted
                 with
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 fled
                 and
                 made
                 their
                 escapes
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 Messena
                 ,
                 declar'd
                 the
                 whole
                 business
                 to
                 their
                 Master
                 ,
                 whereupon
                 Polychares
                 hid
                 the
                 Herdsmen
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 for
                 Eucephnus
                 from
                 
                   L
                   〈…〉
                   demon
                
                 ;
                 who
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 ,
                 swore
                 ,
                 and
                 impudently
                 stood
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Shepherds
                 and
                 be●dsmen
                 were
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 forcibly
                 carried
                 away
                 by
                 Robbers
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 were
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 Polychares
                 forthwith
                 brought
                 forth
                 the
                 Herdsmen
                 :
                 At
                 which
                 Eucephnus
                 was
                 amaz'd
                 ,
                 and
                 thus
                 plainly
                 convicted
                 of
                 falshood
                 ,
                 presently
                 began
                 to
                 beg
                 pardon
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 promis'd
                 to
                 restore
                 all
                 the
                 Cattle
                 ,
                 and
                 us'd
                 many
                 words
                 to
                 regain
                 his
                 Favour
                 .
                 Polychares
                 therefore
                 out
                 of
                 regard
                 to
                 the
                 Sacred
                 ties
                 of
                 Friendship
                 ,
                 conceal'd
                 the
                 Fact
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 his
                 Son
                 with
                 Eucephnus
                 to
                 Lacedaemon
                 to
                 recover
                 the
                 Cattle
                 :
                 But
                 Eucephnus
                 disregardful
                 of
                 his
                 Promises
                 ,
                 murther'd
                 the
                 Young
                 man
                 that
                 was
                 sent
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 to
                 
                   Sparta
                   .
                   Polychares
                
                 enrag'd
                 at
                 this
                 bloody
                 Act
                 ,
                 requir'd
                 the
                 Spartans
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 the
                 Murtherer
                 But
                 the
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 not
                 willing
                 to
                 comply
                 with
                 his
                 Demands
                 ,
                 sent
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Eucephnus
                 with
                 Letters
                 to
                 Messena
                 ,
                 wherein
                 Polychares
                 was
                 order'd
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 to
                 abide
                 the
                 Judgment
                 of
                 the
                 Ephori
                 and
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 concerning
                 the
                 Matters
                 whereof
                 he
                 complain'd
                 ;
                 but
                 Polychares
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 *
                 Retaliation
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Eucephnus
                 ,
                 and
                 drove
                 away
                 a
                 Prey
                 of
                 Cattle
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Countrey
                 of
                 Sparta
                 .
              
               
                 15.
                 
                 Archias
                 the
                 Corinthian
                 falling
                 in
                 Love
                 with
                 Actaeon
                 ,
                 first
                 courted
                 the
                 Youth
                 with
                 Presents
                 and
                 fair
                 Promises
                 ;
                 but
                 being
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 prevail
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Honesty
                 of
                 the
                 Boy
                 's
                 Father
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Sobriety
                 and
                 Modesty
                 of
                 the
                 Young
                 man
                 himself
                 ,
                 he
                 got
                 a
                 Company
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 together
                 ,
                 resolved
                 to
                 do
                 that
                 by
                 Force
                 which
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 obtain
                 by
                 Intreaty
                 and
                 fair
                 Means
                 :
                 Having
                 therefore
                 made
                 himself
                 drunk
                 with
                 those
                 he
                 had
                 brought
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 hurried
                 on
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 by
                 his
                 Love-passion
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 broke
                 forceably
                 into
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 Melissus
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 away
                 the
                 Boy
                 by
                 force
                 ;
                 but
                 his
                 Father
                 with
                 his
                 Houshold
                 Servants
                 laying
                 hold
                 of
                 his
                 Son
                 to
                 detain
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 parties
                 earnestly
                 striving
                 to
                 get
                 him
                 one
                 from
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 the
                 poor
                 Child
                 among
                 them
                 was
                 pull'd
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 sufferings
                 of
                 the
                 Child
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 occasion'd
                 both
                 Grief
                 and
                 Admiration
                 ,
                 at
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Youth
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 like
                 end
                 with
                 him
                 *
                 that
                 bore
                 the
                 same
                 Name
                 ,
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 being
                 destroy'd
                 much
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 by
                 those
                 that
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 their
                 assistance
                 .
              
               
                 16.
                 
                 Agathocles
                 to
                 whom
                 was
                 committed
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 building
                 of
                 a
                 Temple
                 to
                 Minerva
                 ,
                 laid
                 out
                 the
                 Money
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Purse
                 ;
                 but
                 he
                 pick'd
                 out
                 the
                 best
                 and
                 largest
                 of
                 the
                 Stones
                 ,
                 and
                 built
                 for
                 himself
                 a
                 sumptuous
                 and
                 stately
                 House
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 the
                 Goddess
                 made
                 it self
                 evident
                 ,
                 in
                 destroying
                 Agathocles
                 with
                 a
                 Thunderbolt
                 ,
                 and
                 burning
                 his
                 House
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Geomorians
                 confiscated
                 his
                 Goods
                 ,
                 although
                 his
                 Heirs
                 made
                 it
                 clear
                 and
                 evident
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 not
                 imbezill'd
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Treasure
                 .
                 They
                 consecrated
                 likewise
                 the
                 Carcass
                 of
                 his
                 House
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 it
                 a
                 Place
                 inaccessable
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 now
                 call'd
                 Embrontaeum
                 .
              
               
                 17.
                 
                 Pompilius
                 King
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 liv'd
                 peaceably
                 all
                 his
                 Days
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 say
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 hearer
                 
                 of
                 Pythagoras
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 his
                 Laws
                 concerning
                 Religion
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 other
                 things
                 which
                 much
                 advanc'd
                 his
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 Stranger
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 sent
                 for
                 to
                 take
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Crown
                 .
              
               
                 18.
                 
                 Deioces
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Medes
                 ,
                 when
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Wickedness
                 abounded
                 ,
                 was
                 eminent
                 for
                 Justice
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Virtues
                 .
              
               
                 19.
                 
                 The
                 Sybarites
                 were
                 addicted
                 to
                 Gluttony
                 and
                 Voluptuousness
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 was
                 their
                 
                 strife
                 and
                 study
                 to
                 be
                 Luxurious
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 lov'd
                 the
                 Ionians
                 and
                 Thuscans
                 above
                 all
                 other
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 because
                 those
                 among
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 and
                 these
                 among
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 were
                 most
                 Luxurious
                 and
                 Effeminate
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 said
                 ;
                 that
                 Mindyrides
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 Voluptuous
                 of
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Sybarites
                 ;
                 for
                 when
                 Clisthenes
                 King
                 of
                 Sicyon
                 was
                 Victor
                 in
                 the
                 Race
                 with
                 Chariots
                 drawn
                 with
                 four
                 Horses
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 proclaim'd
                 by
                 the
                 Cryer
                 ,
                 That
                 whosoever
                 would
                 Marry
                 his
                 Daughter
                 (
                 a
                 most
                 beautiful
                 Lady
                 )
                 should
                 come
                 to
                 Sicyon
                 at
                 a
                 certain
                 Day
                 appointed
                 ,
                 this
                 Mindyrides
                 loos'd
                 from
                 Sibaris
                 in
                 a
                 Vessel
                 of
                 above
                 Fifty
                 Oars
                 on
                 a
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 furnish'd
                 
                 it
                 with
                 Rowers
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Family
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 some
                 were
                 Fishermen
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 were
                 *
                 Fowlers
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 Haven
                 at
                 Sicyon
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 far
                 surpass'd
                 all
                 his
                 Rivals
                 for
                 State
                 and
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 the
                 King
                 himself
                 ,
                 although
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 for
                 Vain-glory
                 most
                 profusely
                 contributed
                 their
                 Wealth
                 to
                 Clisthenes
                 :
                 And
                 being
                 after
                 his
                 arrival
                 presently
                 entertain'd
                 at
                 Supper
                 ,
                 and
                 ask'd
                 by
                 one
                 who
                 should
                 sit
                 next
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Voice
                 of
                 an
                 Herald
                 he
                 caus'd
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 proclaim'd
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 would
                 sit
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 Bride
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 himself
                 alone
                 .
              
               
                 20.
                 
                 Hippomenes
                 ,
                 Archon
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 when
                 his
                 *
                 Daughter
                 had
                 play'd
                 the
                 Whore
                 ,
                 punish'd
                 
                 her
                 after
                 a
                 most
                 cruel
                 and
                 inhumane
                 Manner
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 shut
                 her
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 Stable
                 with
                 a
                 Horse
                 for
                 some
                 days
                 kept
                 without
                 Meat
                 ,
                 which
                 through
                 want
                 of
                 Food
                 at
                 length
                 eat
                 up
                 the
                 miserable
                 and
                 unfortunate
                 Lady
                 .
              
               
                 21.
                 
                 Arcesilaus
                 King
                 of
                 Cyrene
                 being
                 grievously
                 afflicted
                 with
                 many
                 pressing
                 Calamities
                 ,
                 consulted
                 the
                 Oracle
                 at
                 Delphos
                 ;
                 to
                 whom
                 Apollo
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Gods
                 were
                 angry
                 for
                 that
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 succeeding
                 Kings
                 since
                 Battus
                 govern'd
                 so
                 Justly
                 and
                 Righteously
                 as
                 he
                 did
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 reign'd
                 mildly
                 and
                 gently
                 ,
                 content
                 only
                 with
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 a
                 King
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 most
                 commendable
                 of
                 all
                 was
                 that
                 he
                 carefully
                 kept
                 and
                 maintain'd
                 the
                 Worship
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ;
                 but
                 his
                 Successors
                 always
                 (
                 ever
                 since
                 have
                 reign'd
                 Tyrannically
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 converted
                 the
                 publick
                 Treasure
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 private
                 Use
                 ,
                 and
                 neglected
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Gods.
                 
              
               
                 22.
                 
                 Demonax
                 of
                 Mantinea
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 Arbitrator
                 to
                 allay
                 the
                 Sedition
                 among
                 the
                 Cyrenians
                 ,
                 
                 a
                 Person
                 in
                 great
                 Honour
                 and
                 Esteem
                 for
                 his
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Justice
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 arriv'd
                 
                 at
                 Cyrene
                 all
                 their
                 differences
                 were
                 referr'd
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 reconcil'd
                 the
                 Cities
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 :
                 upon
                 these
                 Terms
                 and
                 Conditions
                 —
              
               
                 23.
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Tarquinius
                
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 being
                 carefully
                 educated
                 from
                 a
                 Child
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 much
                 addicted
                 to
                 the
                 Liberal
                 Sciences
                 ,
                 was
                 much
                 admir'd
                 for
                 his
                 virtuous
                 Qualifications
                 by
                 all
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 when
                 he
                 attain'd
                 to
                 Man's
                 Estate
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 great
                 favour
                 and
                 much
                 esteem
                 with
                 
                   Ancus
                   Martius
                
                 then
                 King
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 and
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 order'd
                 and
                 manag'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 weighty
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 .
                 Being
                 very
                 Rich
                 himself
                 he
                 liberally
                 supply'd
                 the
                 wants
                 of
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 Courteous
                 and
                 Obliging
                 to
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 cry'd
                 up
                 greatly
                 for
                 his
                 Wisdom
                 .
              
               
                 24.
                 
                 Solon
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Execestides
                 ;
                 heb
                 was
                 an
                 Athenian
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 Salamis
                 ,
                 for
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Learning
                 he
                 far
                 excell'd
                 all
                 of
                 his
                 time
                 ;
                 being
                 Virtuously
                 
                 inclin'd
                 from
                 his
                 Youth
                 ,
                 he
                 apply'd
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 Study
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Arts
                 and
                 Sciences
                 :
                 And
                 having
                 long
                 inur'd
                 himself
                 to
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Learning
                 ,
                 he
                 became
                 the
                 Great
                 Master
                 and
                 Champion
                 of
                 every
                 Virtue
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 under
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 Tutors
                 from
                 a
                 Child
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 grew
                 up
                 to
                 Man's
                 estate
                 he
                 associated
                 with
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 esteem'd
                 the
                 greatest
                 Philosophers
                 ;
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 which
                 Converse
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 esteem'd
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Seven
                 Wise
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 not
                 only
                 preferr'd
                 before
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 before
                 all
                 others
                 that
                 were
                 Eminent
                 for
                 their
                 Wisdom
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 in
                 great
                 honour
                 for
                 making
                 of
                 Laws
                 ,
                 and
                 admir'd
                 by
                 all
                 for
                 his
                 singular
                 Prndence
                 in
                 his
                 private
                 Discourses
                 and
                 Answers
                 ,
                 and
                 giving
                 of
                 Counsel
                 and
                 Advice
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Athenians
                 grew
                 Ionians
                 in
                 their
                 Manners
                 ,
                 and
                 became
                 in
                 a
                 high
                 degree
                 Luxurious
                 and
                 Effeminate
                 ,
                 Solon
                 by
                 degrees
                 gain'd
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 love
                 of
                 Virtue
                 and
                 Honourable
                 Actions
                 :
                 For
                 Hermodus
                 and
                 Aristogo
                 ,
                 principled
                 and
                 instructed
                 by
                 his
                 Laws
                 and
                 Discipline
                 ,
                 overturn'd
                 the
                 Tyranny
                 of
                 Pisistratus
                 .
              
               
                 25.
                 
                 There
                 was
                 one
                 Myso
                 of
                 Malea
                 living
                 i
                 a
                 Town
                 call'd
                 Chenae
                 ,
                 who
                 lay
                 most
                 commonly
                 
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 obscure
                 ,
                 unknown
                 almost
                 to
                 every
                 body
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 Expelling
                 of
                 Periander
                 the
                 Corinthian
                 for
                 his
                 Tyranny
                 and
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 was
                 taken
                 into
                 the
                 Society
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Seven
                 Wise
                 Men.
                 
              
               
                 26.
                 
                 Chilo
                 liv'd
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Doctrine
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 thing
                 rare
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 :
                 For
                 we
                 may
                 see
                 many
                 Philosophers
                 in
                 our
                 Age
                 ,
                 who
                 talk
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 rate
                 ,
                 yet
                 their
                 Manners
                 and
                 
                 Course
                 of
                 Life
                 are
                 Filthy
                 and
                 Abominable
                 ,
                 who
                 look
                 and
                 speak
                 like
                 grave
                 and
                 wise
                 Men
                 ,
                 yet
                 by
                 their
                 actions
                 give
                 themselves
                 the
                 Lye.
                 But
                 Chilo
                 ,
                 besides
                 his
                 virtuous
                 Life
                 all
                 his
                 Days
                 ,
                 conceiv'd
                 and
                 utter'd
                 many
                 excellent
                 things
                 worthy
                 of
                 Remark
                 .
              
               
                 27.
                 
                 Pittacus
                 of
                 Mytelene
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 be
                 admired
                 for
                 his
                 Wisdom
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 such
                 
                 a
                 Citizen
                 as
                 Lesbos
                 never
                 before
                 produc'd
                 the
                 like
                 ,
                 nor
                 ever
                 like
                 to
                 be
                 (
                 as
                 I
                 think
                 )
                 any
                 such
                 after
                 him
                 ▪
                 till
                 it
                 produce
                 plenty
                 of
                 sweet
                 Wine
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 an
                 excellent
                 Law-maker
                 ,
                 and
                 Civil
                 and
                 Courteous
                 towards
                 all
                 his
                 Fellow-Citizens
                 in
                 all
                 their
                 Meetings
                 and
                 publick
                 Assemblies
                 ,
                 and
                 freed
                 his
                 Country
                 from
                 three
                 most
                 grievous
                 Calamities
                 ,
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 Sedition
                 ,
                 and
                 War.
                 He
                 was
                 a
                 most
                 prudent
                 and
                 courteous
                 Man
                 ,
                 ever
                 ready
                 to
                 excuse
                 other
                 
                 Men's
                 faults
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Person
                 perfectly
                 Virtuous
                 in
                 every
                 respect
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 making
                 of
                 Laws
                 he
                 was
                 Prudent
                 and
                 Politick
                 ,
                 Faithful
                 to
                 his
                 Word
                 ,
                 Valiant
                 in
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 that
                 scorn'd
                 corrupt
                 Lucre
                 and
                 Gain
                 .
              
               
                 28.
                 
                 The
                 Prieneans
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 Bias
                 having
                 redeem'd
                 from
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 Robbers
                 some
                 Captive
                 Messenian
                 Virgins
                 ,
                 Persons
                 of
                 considerable
                 Quality
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 them
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 House
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 honourably
                 entertain'd
                 them
                 as
                 his
                 own
                 Daughters
                 :
                 And
                 when
                 their
                 Relations
                 and
                 Kinsdolk
                 came
                 to
                 Perene
                 to
                 seek
                 after
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 restor'd
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 Friends
                 without
                 taking
                 any
                 thing
                 either
                 for
                 their
                 Dyet
                 or
                 Redemption
                 ,
                 but
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 presented
                 them
                 with
                 many
                 Gifts
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Estate
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 the
                 Ladies
                 lov'd
                 him
                 as
                 their
                 own
                 Father
                 both
                 for
                 his
                 noble
                 Entertainment
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 largeness
                 of
                 his
                 Bounty
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 return'd
                 home
                 they
                 were
                 still
                 mindful
                 of
                 his
                 Kindness
                 to
                 them
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 when
                 the
                 Fishermen
                 of
                 Messenac
                 drew
                 up
                 with
                 their
                 Nets
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 Brazen
                 Tripode
                 ,
                 whereon
                 was
                 inscrib'd
                 these
                 Words
                 .
                 *
                 
                   To
                   the
                   Wisest
                
                 ,
                 they
                 procur'd
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 given
                 to
                 Bias.
                 He
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 Rhetorical
                 and
                 Eloquent
                 Man
                 in
                 his
                 time
                 ;
                 but
                 far
                 different
                 from
                 all
                 others
                 in
                 the
                 use
                 he
                 made
                 of
                 his
                 Eloquence
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 Mercenary
                 ,
                 or
                 aim'd
                 at
                 Gain
                 ,
                 but
                 us'd
                 it
                 for
                 the
                 Relief
                 of
                 Men
                 indistress
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 rare
                 now
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 .
              
               
                 29.
                 
                 Cyrus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Cambysis
                 and
                 Mandana
                 Nephew
                 to
                 Astyagis
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Medes
                 ,
                 for
                 Valour
                 ,
                 
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 excell'd
                 all
                 others
                 in
                 the
                 age
                 wherein
                 he
                 liv'd
                 :
                 for
                 his
                 Father
                 gave
                 him
                 Royal
                 Education
                 ,
                 encouraging
                 him
                 to
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 was
                 high
                 and
                 brave
                 :
                 And
                 even
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 Boy
                 he
                 gave
                 evident
                 Tokens
                 of
                 his
                 attempting
                 great
                 
                 things
                 at
                 one
                 time
                 or
                 other
                 ;
                 his
                 Virtue
                 and
                 Valour
                 appearing
                 now
                 before
                 hand
                 so
                 evidently
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 but
                 a
                 Child
                 .
              
               
                 30.
                 
                 Astyages
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Medes
                 ,
                 being
                 beaten
                 in
                 a
                 Battle
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 to
                 a
                 dishonourable
                 
                 Flight
                 ,
                 was
                 enrag'd
                 at
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 disbanded
                 all
                 his
                 Officers
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 others
                 in
                 their
                 rooms
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 for
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 the
                 occasion
                 of
                 the
                 flight
                 ,
                 he
                 pickt
                 'em
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Troops
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 'em
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 thinking
                 by
                 this
                 Example
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 rest
                 more
                 careful
                 in
                 the
                 discharge
                 of
                 their
                 Duty
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 fight
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 naturally
                 cruel
                 and
                 implacable
                 :
                 but
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 being
                 terrify'd
                 by
                 his
                 Severity
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 hatred
                 of
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 and
                 Inhumanity
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 ready
                 to
                 revolt
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 began
                 to
                 meet
                 together
                 in
                 great
                 companies
                 ,
                 and
                 talk
                 Treason
                 ,
                 stirring
                 up
                 one
                 another
                 to
                 revenge
                 the
                 deaths
                 of
                 their
                 fellow
                 Soldiers
                 .
              
               
                 31.
                 
                 Cyrus
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 was
                 not
                 only
                 valiant
                 against
                 an
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 but
                 mild
                 and
                 gentle
                 towards
                 
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 therefore
                 the
                 Persians
                 call
                 him
                 their
                 Father
                 .
              
               
                 32.
                 
                 One
                 Adrastus
                 a
                 Phrygian
                 by
                 casting
                 a
                 Dart
                 at
                 a
                 Boar
                 in
                 Hunting
                 ,
                 accidentally
                 kill'd
                 
                 Atys
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Croesus
                 the
                 King
                 of
                 Lydia
                 ,
                 and
                 tho'
                 he
                 slew
                 him
                 against
                 his
                 Will
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 said
                 that
                 he
                 himself
                 who
                 kill'd
                 him
                 was
                 not
                 worthy
                 to
                 live
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 intreated
                 Croesus
                 not
                 to
                 spare
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 forthwith
                 to
                 cut
                 his
                 Throat
                 at
                 his
                 Son's
                 Sepulchre
                 .
                 Craesus
                 indeed
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 rage
                 at
                 Adrastus
                 for
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 and
                 threatned
                 to
                 burn
                 him
                 alive
                 :
                 but
                 when
                 he
                 perceiv'd
                 that
                 the
                 young
                 Man
                 did
                 not
                 seek
                 to
                 avoid
                 punishment
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 voluntarily
                 offer'd
                 his
                 Life
                 as
                 a
                 Sacrifice
                 to
                 the
                 dead
                 ;
                 his
                 Anger
                 was
                 appeas'd
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 pardon'd
                 him
                 ,
                 complaining
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 misfortune
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 of
                 any
                 purpose
                 or
                 design
                 in
                 the
                 young
                 Man
                 :
                 However
                 ,
                 Adrastus
                 went
                 privately
                 to
                 Atys
                 his
                 Sepulchre
                 and
                 there
                 kill'd
                 himself
                 .
              
               
                 33.
                 
                 Croesus
                 King
                 of
                 Lydia
                 pretending
                 to
                 send
                 Eurybatus
                 the
                 Ephesian
                 to
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 sent
                 him
                 in
                 
                 truth
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 into
                 Peloponnesus
                 to
                 hire
                 Soldiers
                 ;
                 but
                 Eurybatus
                 fled
                 to
                 Cyrus
                 King
                 of
                 Persia
                 ,
                 and
                 discover'd
                 to
                 him
                 all
                 Craesus
                 his
                 designs
                 :
                 and
                 therefore
                 this
                 Treachery
                 of
                 Eurybatus
                 was
                 so
                 remarkable
                 among
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 would
                 upbraid
                 any
                 Man
                 with
                 a
                 base
                 Action
                 ,
                 they
                 call
                 him
                 Eurybatus
                 .
              
               
                 34.
                 
                 Cyrus
                 believing
                 that
                 Croesus
                 was
                 a
                 Religious
                 Man
                 ,
                 because
                 a
                 sudden
                 storm
                 of
                 Rain
                 from
                 Heaven
                 extinguish'd
                 the
                 Fire
                 in
                 the
                 Pile
                 whereon
                 he
                 was
                 burnt
                 ,
                 and
                 calling
                 to
                 mind
                 the
                 saying
                 of
                 Solon
                 ;
                 carry'd
                 Croesus
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 using
                 him
                 with
                 all
                 Honour
                 and
                 Respect
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 him
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Privy
                 Council
                 ,
                 conceiving
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 prudent
                 Man
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 familiarly
                 convers'd
                 with
                 so
                 many
                 and
                 such
                 eminent
                 Persons
                 for
                 Wisdom
                 .
              
               
                 35.
                 
                 
                   Servius
                   Tullius
                
                 King
                 of
                 Rome
                 Reign'd
                 44
                 years
                 ,
                 and
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 virtuous
                 disposition
                 
                 order'd
                 many
                 things
                 for
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 .
              
               
                 36.
                 
                 When
                 Thericles
                 was
                 chief
                 Magistrate
                 at
                 Athens
                 in
                 the
                 61
                 
                   Olympiad
                   ,
                   Pythagoras
                
                 the
                 Philosopher
                 
                 flourish'd
                 ,
                 having
                 attain'd
                 to
                 the
                 highest
                 pitch
                 of
                 Wisdom
                 ;
                 a
                 Man
                 worthy
                 to
                 have
                 his
                 Memory
                 Eterniz'd
                 ,
                 if
                 ever
                 any
                 other
                 Philosopher
                 deserv'd
                 it
                 ;
                 he
                 was
                 born
                 a
                 Samos
                 ,
                 tho'
                 some
                 say
                 at
                 Tyrrhenum
                 .
                 His
                 Speeches
                 were
                 utter'd
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 Grace
                 ,
                 and
                 force
                 of
                 persuasion
                 that
                 almost
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 daily
                 gaz'd
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 some
                 God
                 had
                 been
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 great
                 concourse
                 of
                 People
                 came
                 from
                 all
                 parts
                 to
                 hear
                 him
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 only
                 eminently
                 eloquent
                 ,
                 but
                 very
                 sober
                 and
                 grave
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 a
                 wonderful
                 Example
                 for
                 young
                 Men
                 to
                 imitate
                 in
                 the
                 course
                 of
                 their
                 Lives
                 in
                 that
                 respect
                 :
                 and
                 all
                 that
                 he
                 convers'd
                 with
                 he
                 dissuaded
                 from
                 vain
                 Pomp
                 and
                 Luxury
                 ;
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 that
                 Country
                 (
                 through
                 plenty
                 and
                 fulness
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 among
                 them
                 )
                 being
                 given
                 to
                 effeminacy
                 and
                 filthiness
                 both
                 of
                 Body
                 and
                 Mind
                 .
              
               
                 This
                 Pythagoras
                 when
                 he
                 heard
                 that
                 Pherycides
                 ,
                 once
                 his
                 Master
                 ,
                 was
                 very
                 sick
                 in
                 the
                 Island
                 Delos
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 sail'd
                 out
                 of
                 Italy
                 thither
                 ,
                 where
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 cherish'd
                 the
                 Old
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 us'd
                 his
                 utmost
                 endeavour
                 to
                 restore
                 him
                 to
                 health
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 ,
                 through
                 Old
                 Age
                 and
                 the
                 violence
                 of
                 his
                 distemper
                 he
                 dy'd
                 ,
                 and
                 Pythagoras
                 carefully
                 bury'd
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 having
                 perform'd
                 the
                 Office
                 and
                 Duty
                 of
                 a
                 Son
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 a
                 Father
                 ,
                 he
                 return'd
                 into
                 Italy
                 .
              
               
                 37.
                 
                 The
                 Pythagoreans
                 (
                 if
                 any
                 of
                 their
                 Society
                 fall
                 into
                 decay
                 )
                 divide
                 and
                 contribute
                 
                 proportions
                 of
                 their
                 Goods
                 to
                 him
                 that
                 is
                 so
                 in
                 want
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 their
                 Brother
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 they
                 do
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 as
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 are
                 daily
                 conversant
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 likewise
                 to
                 all
                 others
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Sect
                 and
                 Profession
                 wherever
                 they
                 be
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 one
                 Clineas
                 of
                 Tarentum
                 when
                 he
                 understood
                 that
                 Prorus
                 a
                 Cyrenian
                 and
                 a
                 Pythagorean
                 ,
                 by
                 some
                 misfortune
                 or
                 other
                 had
                 lost
                 all
                 his
                 Estate
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 become
                 exceeding
                 poor
                 ,
                 he
                 past
                 over
                 out
                 of
                 Italy
                 to
                 Cyrene
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 sum
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 up
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 his
                 Patrimony
                 ,
                 tho'
                 he
                 had
                 never
                 seen
                 him
                 before
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 understood
                 by
                 hear-say
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 Pythagorian
                 .
                 And
                 it
                 's
                 reported
                 that
                 many
                 others
                 have
                 done
                 the
                 like
                 And
                 they
                 have
                 not
                 only
                 supply'd
                 their
                 Companions
                 with
                 Monies
                 in
                 their
                 wants
                 ,
                 but
                 have
                 hazarded
                 their
                 
                 Persons
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 dangerous
                 times
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 the
                 Reign
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 it
                 's
                 reported
                 that
                 one
                 Phintias
                 a
                 Pythagorean
                 ,
                 when
                 by
                 the
                 contrivance
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 led
                 to
                 execution
                 ,
                 desir'd
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 but
                 a
                 few
                 days
                 to
                 settle
                 his
                 Houshould
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 he
                 would
                 leave
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 friends
                 to
                 suffer
                 in
                 his
                 stead
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 return'd
                 not
                 .
                 Dionysius
                 hereupon
                 wondring
                 whether
                 any
                 such
                 friend
                 could
                 be
                 found
                 ,
                 who
                 would
                 be
                 willing
                 to
                 be
                 cast
                 into
                 Goal
                 for
                 his
                 friend
                 ,
                 Phintias
                 presently
                 call'd
                 for
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Scholars
                 call'd
                 Damon
                 a
                 Pythagorean
                 ,
                 who
                 forthwith
                 without
                 
                 any
                 budging
                 became
                 his
                 Hostage
                 to
                 dye
                 in
                 his
                 room
                 .
              
               
                 Many
                 there
                 were
                 that
                 commended
                 this
                 singular
                 demonstration
                 of
                 Love
                 and
                 Kindness
                 to
                 his
                 Friend
                 ,
                 others
                 condemn'd
                 it
                 as
                 a
                 foolish
                 and
                 rash
                 Act.
                 But
                 at
                 the
                 day
                 appointed
                 all
                 the
                 People
                 flock'd
                 together
                 very
                 earnest
                 to
                 see
                 whether
                 he
                 that
                 left
                 his
                 pledge
                 would
                 perform
                 his
                 word
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 day
                 drawing
                 near
                 to
                 an
                 end
                 ,
                 every
                 body
                 began
                 to
                 despair
                 ,
                 and
                 Damon
                 was
                 led
                 forth
                 to
                 execution
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 last
                 moment
                 of
                 the
                 day
                 ,
                 Phintias
                 came
                 running
                 in
                 .
                 This
                 wonderful
                 Friendship
                 and
                 Kindness
                 one
                 for
                 another
                 was
                 admir'd
                 by
                 all
                 ;
                 and
                 Dionysius
                 pardon'd
                 the
                 condemn'd
                 Person
                 ,
                 and
                 desir'd
                 that
                 he
                 himself
                 might
                 be
                 taken
                 into
                 the
                 Society
                 .
              
               
                 38.
                 
                 The
                 Pythagoreans
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 Art
                 in
                 improving
                 their
                 Memories
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 employ'd
                 their
                 utmost
                 Care
                 and
                 Diligence
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 first
                 thing
                 they
                 did
                 constantly
                 after
                 they
                 rose
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Beds
                 in
                 a
                 Morning
                 ,
                 was
                 to
                 recollect
                 and
                 call
                 to
                 mind
                 every
                 thing
                 they
                 had
                 done
                 the
                 day
                 before
                 from
                 the
                 Morning
                 to
                 the
                 Evening
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 time
                 and
                 leisure
                 they
                 would
                 go
                 back
                 to
                 examine
                 the
                 Actions
                 of
                 the
                 Second
                 ,
                 Third
                 and
                 Fourth
                 day
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 further
                 ,
                 conceiving
                 it
                 very
                 helpful
                 and
                 advantagious
                 for
                 the
                 improving
                 of
                 Memory
                 ,
                 and
                 increase
                 of
                 Knowledge
                 .
              
               
                 39.
                 
                 These
                 Philosophers
                 inur'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 abstinence
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 .
                 They
                 prepare
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Delicacies
                 and
                 Rarities
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 Tables
                 are
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 at
                 Solemn
                 Feasts
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 have
                 gaz'd
                 upon
                 them
                 for
                 a
                 considerable
                 time
                 ,
                 on
                 purpose
                 to
                 whet
                 their
                 Appetite
                 ,
                 which
                 naturally
                 desires
                 in
                 such
                 cases
                 to
                 be
                 gratify'd
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 the
                 Table
                 is
                 order'd
                 to
                 be
                 whip'd-away
                 ,
                 and
                 they
                 themselves
                 thereupon
                 withdrew
                 without
                 tasting
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Dainties
                 .
              
               
                 40.
                 
                 Pythagoras
                 commanded
                 his
                 Disciples
                 to
                 forbear
                 taking
                 an
                 Oath
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 they
                 
                 could
                 ,
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 once
                 taken
                 it
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 careful
                 to
                 keep
                 it
                 .
                 Having
                 likewise
                 regard
                 to
                 what
                 was
                 convenient
                 ,
                 even
                 in
                 the
                 Acts
                 of
                 Venus
                 ,
                 he
                 advis'd
                 to
                 abstain
                 from
                 Women
                 in
                 Summer
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 moderate
                 and
                 sparing
                 in
                 Winter
                 :
                 for
                 he
                 look'd
                 upon
                 all
                 carnal
                 Copulation
                 to
                 be
                 hurtful
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 it
                 were
                 frequent
                 (
                 he
                 said
                 )
                 it
                 impair'd
                 the
                 strength
                 and
                 was
                 destructive
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 advis'd
                 likewise
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Sacrificers
                 should
                 not
                 make
                 their
                 Addresses
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 in
                 rich
                 and
                 gaudy
                 Habits
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 in
                 white
                 and
                 clean
                 Robes
                 ,
                 and
                 should
                 not
                 only
                 bring
                 before
                 them
                 Bodies
                 free
                 from
                 gross
                 and
                 outward
                 wickednesses
                 ,
                 but
                 pure
                 and
                 undefiled
                 Souls
                 .
                 Commanding
                 these
                 and
                 many
                 such
                 like
                 things
                 ,
                 and
                 stirring
                 Men
                 up
                 to
                 Sobriety
                 ,
                 Valour
                 and
                 Constancy
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 Ador'd
                 by
                 the
                 Crotonians
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 a
                 God.
                 
              
               
                 41.
                 
                 One
                 Cylo
                 of
                 Crotonia
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 wealthy
                 and
                 eminent
                 Man
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 desiring
                 to
                 be
                 receiv'd
                 into
                 the
                 Society
                 of
                 the
                 Pythagoreans
                 ,
                 was
                 rejected
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 
                 naturally
                 a
                 fierce
                 and
                 stubborn
                 Man
                 ,
                 Seditious
                 and
                 Ambitious
                 .
                 At
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 enrag'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 gat
                 together
                 a
                 number
                 of
                 Factious
                 Persons
                 against
                 the
                 Pythagoreans
                 ,
                 and
                 began
                 to
                 rail
                 and
                 do
                 all
                 the
                 mischief
                 he
                 could
                 against
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 42
                 Lysis
                 the
                 Pythagorean
                 going
                 to
                 Thebes
                 in
                 Baeotia
                 ,
                 became
                 Tutor
                 to
                 Epaminondas
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 instructed
                 him
                 in
                 all
                 the
                 ways
                 of
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 excellent
                 Endowments
                 adopted
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Son
                 ;
                 And
                 Epaminondas
                 from
                 those
                 sparks
                 of
                 Knowledge
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 gain'd
                 from
                 the
                 
                   Pythagorean
                   Philosophy
                
                 ,
                 excell'd
                 not
                 only
                 the
                 Thebans
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Grecians
                 of
                 his
                 time
                 in
                 Patience
                 ,
                 Frugality
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 Virtues
                 .
              
               
                 43.
                 
                 To
                 write
                 the
                 Lives
                 of
                 Persons
                 in
                 former
                 Ages
                 is
                 indeed
                 a
                 difficult
                 and
                 troublesome
                 task
                 to
                 the
                 Historians
                 ,
                 but
                 very
                 profitable
                 to
                 others
                 for
                 their
                 direction
                 in
                 the
                 course
                 of
                 their
                 Lives
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 kind
                 of
                 History
                 ,
                 by
                 recording
                 good
                 and
                 bad
                 Actions
                 ,
                 doth
                 grace
                 the
                 Memory
                 of
                 the
                 Good
                 ,
                 and
                 fix
                 a
                 Stain
                 upon
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 the
                 Wicked
                 ,
                 by
                 sharing
                 out
                 Praise
                 and
                 Disgrace
                 to
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 according
                 as
                 they
                 do
                 deserve
                 it
                 .
                 
                   For
                   Praise
                   is
                   as
                   a
                   certain
                   Reward
                   of
                   Virtue
                   without
                   Cost
                   ;
                   and
                   Disgrace
                   is
                   the
                   punishment
                   of
                   Vice
                   without
                   a
                   Wound
                   .
                
                 And
                 therefore
                 it
                 's
                 very
                 fit
                 all
                 should
                 understand
                 ,
                 that
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 course
                 of
                 Life
                 Men
                 lead
                 here
                 ,
                 such
                 will
                 be
                 the
                 account
                 and
                 remembrance
                 of
                 them
                 afterward
                 ;
                 when
                 they
                 are
                 dead
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 need
                 not
                 employ
                 all
                 their
                 Thoughts
                 upon
                 
                   Marble
                   Mo●●ments
                
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 set
                 up
                 only
                 in
                 a
                 little
                 corner
                 ,
                 and
                 decay'd
                 and
                 gone
                 in
                 process
                 of
                 
                 time
                 ;
                 but
                 rather
                 apply
                 their
                 Minds
                 to
                 Learning
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 virtuous
                 Qualifications
                 ,
                 which
                 would
                 make
                 their
                 Names
                 famous
                 over
                 all
                 the
                 World.
                 
              
               
                 For
                 time
                 ,
                 which
                 consumes
                 all
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 preserves
                 these
                 to
                 perpetual
                 Generations
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 elder
                 they
                 grow
                 ,
                 the
                 more
                 fresh
                 and
                 flourishing
                 it
                 presents
                 them
                 :
                 for
                 they
                 that
                 are
                 gone
                 long
                 ago
                 ,
                 are
                 still
                 in
                 every
                 Man's
                 Mouth
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 were
                 now
                 at
                 this
                 very
                 day
                 alive
                 .
              
               
                 44.
                 
                 Cambyses
                 was
                 naturally
                 furious
                 and
                 even
                 a
                 Mad-man
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 more
                 fierce
                 and
                 insolent
                 
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 large
                 Dominion
                 .
              
               
                 Cambyses
                 the
                 Persian
                 puft
                 up
                 with
                 the
                 success
                 of
                 his
                 Arms
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 Memphis
                 and
                 Pelusium
                 ,
                 insolently
                 demolish'd
                 the
                 Sepulchre
                 of
                 Amasis
                 ,
                 an
                 Ancient
                 King
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 ;
                 
                 and
                 finding
                 his
                 Body
                 embalm'd
                 with
                 odoriferous
                 Spices
                 ,
                 basely
                 and
                 inhumanly
                 cudgel'd
                 it
                 and
                 abus'd
                 it
                 with
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Contempt
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 order'd
                 it
                 to
                 be
                 burnt
                 to
                 Ashes
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 never
                 burn
                 their
                 dead
                 Bodies
                 ,
                 he
                 thought
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 he
                 reveng'd
                 himself
                 sufficiently
                 of
                 the
                 Man
                 that
                 was
                 dead
                 long
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 Cambyses
                 when
                 he
                 prepar'd
                 for
                 his
                 Expedition
                 against
                 the
                 Aethiopians
                 ,
                 sent
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 Ammonians
                 ;
                 and
                 commanded
                 his
                 Officers
                 to
                 rob
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 
                 
                   Jupiter
                   Ammon
                
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 it
                 on
                 fire
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 round
                 Captives
                 .
              
               
                 45.
                 
                 Certain
                 Lydians
                 flying
                 away
                 to
                 avoid
                 the
                 Tyrannical
                 Government
                 of
                 Oroetes
                 ,
                 the
                 
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 fled
                 to
                 Samus
                 with
                 a
                 vast
                 Treasure
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 and
                 humbly
                 Address'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 Polycrates
                 for
                 relief
                 :
                 who
                 at
                 first
                 courteously
                 Entertain'd
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 cut
                 all
                 their
                 Throats
                 ,
                 and
                 robb'd
                 them
                 of
                 their
                 Money
                 .
              
               
                 46
                 Thessalus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Pisistratus
                 a
                 Wise
                 and
                 Prudent
                 Man
                 ,
                 voluntarily
                 abdicated
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 ,
                 and
                 acted
                 only
                 as
                 a
                 private
                 Man
                 ,
                 contented
                 only
                 to
                 share
                 in
                 the
                 common
                 Rights
                 and
                 Liberties
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 high
                 Esteem
                 and
                 Reputation
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 his
                 Brothers
                 Hipparchus
                 and
                 Hippias
                 ,
                 being
                 rigid
                 and
                 cruel
                 ,
                 Rul'd
                 Tyrannically
                 over
                 their
                 Citizens
                 .
                 After
                 they
                 had
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 grievously
                 opprest
                 the
                 
                   Athenians
                   ,
                   Hipparchus
                
                 falling
                 in
                 Love
                 with
                 a
                 beautiful
                 Boy
                 ,
                 plung'd
                 himself
                 into
                 perilous
                 circumstances
                 .
                 For
                 Harmodius
                 and
                 Aristogiton
                 join'd
                 in
                 a
                 Conspiracy
                 against
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 free
                 their
                 Country
                 from
                 Slavery
                 ;
                 but
                 Aristogiton
                 was
                 the
                 chief
                 Man
                 for
                 a
                 brave
                 and
                 resolute
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 in
                 induring
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Torments
                 with
                 patience
                 and
                 constancy
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 perilous
                 times
                 ,
                 carefully
                 preserv'd
                 two
                 things
                 especially
                 ,
                 Faithfulness
                 to
                 his
                 to
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 just
                 Revenge
                 for
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
              
               
                 47
                 Zeno
                 of
                 Elis
                 ,
                 being
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 for
                 a
                 Conspiracy
                 against
                 Nearchus
                 ,
                 who
                 tyrannically
                 
                 opprest
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 was
                 put
                 upon
                 the
                 Rack
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 askt
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 his
                 fellow
                 Conspirators
                 ;
                 I
                 would
                 to
                 God
                 (
                 said
                 he
                 )
                 I
                 had
                 as
                 much
                 Command
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 my
                 Body
                 ,
                 as
                 I
                 have
                 of
                 my
                 Tongue
                 .
              
               
                 Hereupon
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 scruing
                 him
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 tormenting
                 him
                 the
                 more
                 ,
                 Zeno
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 couragiously
                 endur'd
                 the
                 tormenting
                 Rack
                 ,
                 but
                 afterwards
                 to
                 free
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 reveng'd
                 on
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 this
                 contrivance
                 .
                 The
                 Rack
                 being
                 extended
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 ,
                 he
                 feign'd
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 could
                 no
                 longer
                 bear
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 cry'd
                 out
                 to
                 release
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 would
                 discover
                 all
                 ,
                 the
                 Rack
                 being
                 thereupon
                 loos'd
                 ,
                 he
                 desir'd
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 would
                 come
                 to
                 him
                 himself
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 had
                 many
                 things
                 to
                 discover
                 ,
                 which
                 requir'd
                 Secresie
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 he
                 came
                 readily
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 his
                 Face
                 close
                 to
                 Zeno's
                 Ear
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 took
                 fast
                 hold
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 Ear
                 with
                 his
                 Teeth
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 the
                 Guard
                 came
                 running
                 in
                 ,
                 and
                 racking
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 they
                 could
                 to
                 force
                 him
                 to
                 leave
                 his
                 hold
                 ,
                 he
                 fastned
                 his
                 Teeth
                 the
                 more
                 fiercely
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 Guard
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 baffle
                 the
                 resolution
                 of
                 the
                 Man
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 intreat
                 him
                 to
                 let
                 go
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 trick
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 releas'd
                 from
                 his
                 torments
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 revenge
                 upon
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 .
              
               
                 48.
                 
                 Sextus
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 
                   Lucinius
                   Tarquinius
                
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 took
                 a
                 Journey
                 to
                 the
                 
                 City
                 Coilatia
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 Lodg'd
                 at
                 the
                 House
                 of
                 
                   Lucius
                   Tarquinius
                
                 the
                 King's
                 Nephew
                 ,
                 whose
                 Wife
                 was
                 call'd
                 Lucretia
                 ,
                 a
                 most
                 beautiful
                 Lady
                 and
                 renown'd
                 for
                 her
                 Chastity
                 .
                 Sextus
                 rose
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 and
                 broke
                 down
                 her
                 Chamber
                 Door
                 ,
                 when
                 she
                 was
                 in
                 Bed
                 ,
                 and
                 attempted
                 to
                 force
                 her
                 ,
                 (
                 her
                 Husband
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 being
                 in
                 the
                 Camp
                 at
                 Ardea
                 )
                 and
                 with
                 his
                 drawn
                 Sword
                 in
                 his
                 Hand
                 ,
                 threatn'd
                 to
                 kill
                 her
                 ,
                 unless
                 she
                 yielded
                 ,
                 and
                 told
                 her
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 Slave
                 ready
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 would
                 lay
                 naked
                 in
                 Bed
                 with
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 kill
                 them
                 both
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 said
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 justly
                 kill'd
                 in
                 the
                 act
                 of
                 Adultery
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 it
                 in
                 revenge
                 of
                 the
                 injury
                 done
                 to
                 his
                 Kinsman
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 it
                 was
                 better
                 for
                 her
                 quietly
                 to
                 gratifie
                 him
                 in
                 what
                 he
                 desir'd
                 ,
                 promising
                 her
                 likewise
                 many
                 great
                 and
                 rich
                 rewards
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Marry
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 from
                 a
                 private
                 Condition
                 ,
                 she
                 should
                 be
                 advanc'd
                 to
                 the
                 State
                 and
                 Dignity
                 of
                 a
                 Queen
                 .
                 Lucretia
                 amaz'd
                 with
                 the
                 strangeness
                 and
                 suddenness
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 ,
                 and
                 fearful
                 lest
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 thought
                 she
                 was
                 kill'd
                 really
                 for
                 an
                 act
                 of
                 Adultery
                 ,
                 
                 was
                 quiet
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 when
                 Sextus
                 was
                 gone
                 ,
                 she
                 presently
                 sent
                 for
                 all
                 her
                 Servants
                 and
                 Houshold
                 ,
                 and
                 desir'd
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 the
                 Wickedness
                 of
                 the
                 Man
                 to
                 go
                 unpunish'd
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 violated
                 all
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 Friendship
                 and
                 Hospitality
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 for
                 her self
                 (
                 she
                 said
                 )
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 Honourable
                 longer
                 to
                 survive
                 the
                 violation
                 of
                 her
                 Chastity
                 :
                 and
                 having
                 said
                 this
                 ,
                 she
                 stabb'd
                 her self
                 into
                 the
                 Breast
                 with
                 a
                 Dagger
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 breath'd
                 her
                 last
                 .
              
               
                 49.
                 
                 Hippocrates
                 King
                 of
                 Gela
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 Victory
                 over
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 Encampt
                 
                 near
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 took
                 the
                 Chief
                 Priests
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 principal
                 Citizens
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 the
                 Consecrated
                 golden
                 Vessels
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 especially
                 Jupiter's
                 Cloak
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 made
                 of
                 Massy
                 and
                 Solid
                 Gold
                 ,
                 sharply
                 rebuk'd
                 them
                 as
                 sacrilegious
                 Persons
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 them
                 forthwith
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 toucht
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 things
                 devoted
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 buoy
                 up
                 the
                 Credit
                 and
                 Reputation
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 ,
                 as
                 likewise
                 judging
                 it
                 unfit
                 for
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 undertaken
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 War
                 ,
                 to
                 act
                 so
                 high
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Impiety
                 against
                 the
                 Gods.
                 Besides
                 ,
                 he
                 conceiv'd
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 he
                 should
                 stir
                 up
                 the
                 People
                 against
                 the
                 Governors
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 who
                 rul'd
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 with
                 rigour
                 ,
                 beyond
                 all
                 bounds
                 of
                 moderation
                 and
                 Equity
                 .
              
               
                 50.
                 
                 Thero
                 of
                 Arge●●um
                 ,
                 for
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Nobility
                 of
                 Birth
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 courteous
                 Carriage
                 ,
                 
                 towards
                 the
                 meanest
                 Man
                 ,
                 was
                 not
                 only
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 among
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 among
                 all
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 .
              
               
                 51.
                 
                 Cimon
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Miltiades
                 ,
                 when
                 his
                 Father
                 dy'd
                 in
                 the
                 Common
                 Goal
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 pay
                 the
                 Fine
                 impos'd
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 gave
                 up
                 himself
                 into
                 Custody
                 ,
                 to
                 abide
                 in
                 Prison
                 for
                 his
                 Fathers
                 Mulct
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 his
                 Parent
                 to
                 bury
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 52.
                 
                 Cimen
                 was
                 very
                 Eminent
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 Civil
                 Magistrate
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 became
                 a
                 famous
                 General
                 in
                 the
                 Wars
                 and
                 perform'd
                 such
                 Actions
                 by
                 his
                 Valour
                 ,
                 as
                 are
                 worthy
                 of
                 an
                 everlasting
                 Remembrance
                 .
              
               
                 53.
                 
                 Those
                 at
                 Thermopyle
                 dy'd
                 fighting
                 couragiously
                 ,
                 whose
                 Valour
                 ,
                 &c.
                 —
                 Which
                 are
                 publish'd
                 in
                 the
                 11th
                 Book
                 of
                 Diodorus
                 his
                 History
                 ,
                 P.
                 9.
                 
                 What
                 after
                 follows
                 in
                 the
                 Manuscript
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 are
                 extant
                 in
                 Diodorus
                 his
                 History
                 ,
                 I
                 have
                 purposely
                 omitted
                 ,
                 12
                 Folio's
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Out
                 of
                 the
                 21st
                 Book
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 from
                 a
                 private
                 Man
                 advanc'd
                 to
                 the
                 State
                 and
                 Dignity
                 of
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 potent
                 Prince
                 of
                 any
                 in
                 his
                 time
                 ,
                 but
                 not
                 contented
                 with
                 his
                 Condition
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 colour
                 of
                 Right
                 ,
                 was
                 prompted
                 by
                 his
                 Ambition
                 to
                 grasp
                 at
                 the
                 Dominions
                 of
                 other
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 *
                 both
                 lost
                 his
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Life
                 
                 together
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 When
                 Agathocles
                 heard
                 how
                 the
                 Ligurians
                 and
                 Tyrrhenians
                 had
                 mutinously
                 fallen
                 upon
                 his
                 Son
                 Agatharchus
                 ,
                 in
                 his
                 absence
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 Pay
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 almost
                 of
                 2000.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 Thracians
                 who
                 had
                 taken
                 in
                 a
                 Battle
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 King
                 Lysimachus
                 ,
                 sent
                 him
                 back
                 to
                 his
                 Father
                 with
                 several
                 gifts
                 ;
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 hoping
                 ,
                 in
                 case
                 of
                 misfortunes
                 ,
                 to
                 shelter
                 themselves
                 under
                 his
                 protection
                 ,
                 and
                 hereby
                 likewise
                 to
                 induce
                 him
                 freely
                 to
                 restore
                 their
                 Territory
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 then
                 possest
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 were
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 hopes
                 of
                 Victory
                 ,
                 seeing
                 so
                 many
                 potent
                 Kings
                 ,
                 Confederates
                 with
                 Lysimachus
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Dromichoetes
                 King
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 having
                 taken
                 Lysimachus
                 Prisoner
                 ,
                 us'd
                 him
                 with
                 all
                 kind
                 of
                 Civility
                 ;
                 and
                 kissed
                 and
                 embrac'd
                 him
                 ,
                 calling
                 him
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 him
                 with
                 his
                 Children
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 Helis
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 the
                 Thracians
                 came
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 crying
                 out
                 demanded
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Captive
                 King
                 should
                 be
                 brought
                 forth
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 but
                 just
                 and
                 equal
                 that
                 they
                 that
                 had
                 adventur'd
                 their
                 lives
                 ,
                 should
                 dispose
                 as
                 they
                 thought
                 fit
                 of
                 the
                 Captives
                 ;
                 Dromichoetes
                 making
                 a
                 Speech
                 against
                 putting
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 told
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 for
                 the
                 publick
                 good
                 to
                 preserve
                 the
                 King
                 :
                 For
                 if
                 they
                 kill'd
                 him
                 forthwith
                 ,
                 some
                 others
                 would
                 take
                 possession
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 who
                 perhaps
                 might
                 become
                 more
                 formidable
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 than
                 Lysimachus
                 :
                 But
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 Hand
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 preserv'd
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 favour
                 might
                 work
                 so
                 much
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 gratitude
                 to
                 gain
                 a
                 favourable
                 respect
                 to
                 the
                 Thracians
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 procure
                 without
                 running
                 any
                 hazard
                 a
                 Restitution
                 of
                 all
                 those
                 Forts
                 and
                 Castles
                 ,
                 that
                 formerly
                 belong'd
                 to
                 the
                 Thracians
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Army
                 then
                 agreeing
                 to
                 what
                 he
                 said
                 ;
                 he
                 brought
                 forth
                 all
                 the
                 Friends
                 and
                 Servants
                 of
                 Lysimachus
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 could
                 find
                 amongst
                 the
                 Captives
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 them
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 
                 when
                 he
                 offer'd
                 a
                 solemn
                 Sacrifice
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 he
                 invited
                 Lysimachus
                 and
                 all
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Chief
                 Officers
                 and
                 Commanders
                 of
                 the
                 Thracians
                 to
                 Supper
                 :
                 And
                 having
                 prepar'd
                 Two
                 Apartments
                 ,
                 he
                 cover'd
                 the
                 Beds
                 whereon
                 Lysimachus
                 and
                 his
                 Friends
                 were
                 to
                 sit
                 ,
                 with
                 rich
                 Carpets
                 ,
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 spoils
                 taken
                 in
                 the
                 Battle
                 ;
                 but
                 for
                 himself
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Thracians
                 ,
                 the
                 Coverings
                 were
                 but
                 poor
                 and
                 mean.
                 He
                 prepar'd
                 likewise
                 Two
                 sorts
                 of
                 Suppers
                 ;
                 That
                 for
                 Lysimachus
                 and
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 consist'd
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Rarities
                 and
                 noble
                 Dishes
                 ,
                 set
                 upon
                 Silver
                 Tables
                 :
                 But
                 for
                 the
                 Thracians
                 he
                 order'd
                 Herbs
                 and
                 Flesh
                 meanly
                 Drest
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 set
                 upon
                 a
                 Table
                 uncover'd
                 ,
                 in
                 wooden
                 Platters
                 .
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 were
                 serv'd
                 with
                 Wine
                 in
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 Bowls
                 :
                 But
                 for
                 himself
                 and
                 his
                 Thracians
                 ,
                 he
                 order'd
                 Cups
                 of
                 Wood
                 and
                 Horn
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 Getes
                 :
                 Afterwards
                 in
                 the
                 height
                 of
                 the
                 Feast
                 ,
                 he
                 fill'd
                 up
                 the
                 greatest
                 Horn
                 with
                 Wine
                 ,
                 and
                 calling
                 Lysimachus
                 Father
                 ,
                 askt
                 him
                 whether
                 of
                 the
                 two
                 seem'd
                 to
                 him
                 more
                 Princely
                 ,
                 a
                 Thracian
                 ,
                 or
                 a
                 Macedonian
                 Supper
                 ?
                 When
                 Lysimachus
                 answer'd
                 a
                 Macedonian
                 —
                 See
                 the
                 rest
                 in
                 the
                 Fragments
                 of
                 Sentences
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 King
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 forc'd
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 to
                 a
                 submission
                 ,
                 carri'd
                 himself
                 nobly
                 towards
                 the
                 Baetians
                 :
                 For
                 besides
                 the
                 14
                 Persons
                 that
                 were
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 the
                 defection
                 ,
                 he
                 pardon'd
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Agatharcus
                 was
                 Valorous
                 and
                 Couragious
                 ,
                 above
                 his
                 Age
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 very
                 young
                 .
              
               
                 7
                 Timaeus
                 was
                 a
                 bitter
                 Censurer
                 of
                 former
                 Historians
                 ,
                 yet
                 in
                 other
                 parts
                 of
                 his
                 History
                 ,
                 
                 very
                 careful
                 to
                 declare
                 the
                 Truth
                 ,
                 but
                 his
                 hatred
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 forg'd
                 many
                 things
                 in
                 relation
                 to
                 his
                 actions
                 ;
                 for
                 being
                 Banish'd
                 by
                 Agathocles
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 reveng'd
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 while
                 he
                 liv'd
                 :
                 but
                 after
                 his
                 death
                 he
                 loaded
                 him
                 with
                 Reproaches
                 in
                 his
                 History
                 ,
                 to
                 make
                 his
                 Memory
                 odious
                 to
                 all
                 Posterity
                 .
                 For
                 besides
                 the
                 Vices
                 this
                 King
                 was
                 really
                 guilty
                 of
                 ,
                 he
                 imputed
                 many
                 others
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 invented
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 always
                 lessen'd
                 his
                 prosperous
                 successes
                 ,
                 and
                 aggravated
                 his
                 misfortunes
                 which
                 were
                 really
                 casual
                 ,
                 and
                 turn'd
                 them
                 upon
                 himself
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 them
                 through
                 his
                 own
                 miscarriages
                 .
                 For
                 whereas
                 all
                 know
                 that
                 Agathocles
                 was
                 a
                 prudent
                 and
                 expert
                 Soldier
                 and
                 Commander
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 Bold
                 and
                 Couragious
                 in
                 the
                 greatest
                 Difficulties
                 ,
                 he
                 all
                 along
                 in
                 his
                 History
                 is
                 continually
                 calling
                 him
                 a
                 weak
                 headed
                 Coward
                 .
                 And
                 yet
                 who
                 is
                 there
                 that
                 is
                 ignorant
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 were
                 ever
                 under
                 meaner
                 Circumstances
                 ,
                 that
                 afterwards
                 attain'd
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 Degree
                 of
                 Sovereignty
                 and
                 Dominion
                 ?
                 For
                 his
                 Poverty
                 and
                 mean
                 Birth
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 from
                 his
                 Childhood
                 he
                 was
                 but
                 a
                 mean
                 *
                 Artificer
                 :
                 But
                 afterwards
                 by
                 his
                 Valour
                 ,
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 over
                 all
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 but
                 Conquer'd
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 Italy
                 and
                 Africa
                 .
                 And
                 any
                 one
                 may
                 justly
                 wonder
                 at
                 the
                 Vanity
                 of
                 Timaeus
                 ,
                 who
                 almost
                 in
                 every
                 Page
                 extols
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 affirms
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 Conquer'd
                 them
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 greatest
                 Coward
                 of
                 any
                 Man
                 living
                 .
                 From
                 these
                 contradictions
                 and
                 inconsistencies
                 it's
                 clear
                 and
                 manifest
                 that
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 private
                 Pique
                 and
                 Disgust
                 he
                 betray'd
                 the
                 Trust
                 of
                 a
                 faithful
                 Historian
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 his
                 last
                 five
                 Books
                 ,
                 wherein
                 are
                 set
                 forth
                 the
                 acts
                 of
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 for
                 very
                 good
                 reason
                 ,
                 were
                 never
                 approv'd
                 by
                 any
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 Callias
                 likewise
                 the
                 Syracusian
                 deserves
                 as
                 much
                 to
                 be
                 Censur'd
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 inrich'd
                 and
                 advanc'd
                 by
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 never
                 leaves
                 off
                 praising
                 him
                 far
                 above
                 his
                 
                 desert
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 dishonouring
                 History
                 ,
                 which
                 should
                 be
                 the
                 Herauld
                 of
                 Truth
                 .
                 For
                 whereas
                 Agathocles
                 in
                 many
                 things
                 violated
                 both
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 God
                 and
                 Man
                 ,
                 he
                 cryes
                 him
                 up
                 as
                 the
                 most
                 Pious
                 and
                 Righteous
                 Man
                 in
                 the
                 World.
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 as
                 Agathocles
                 by
                 force
                 took
                 away
                 the
                 Citizens
                 Goods
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 injuriously
                 bestow'd
                 them
                 upon
                 this
                 Writer
                 ;
                 so
                 this
                 admirable
                 Historiographer
                 in
                 way
                 of
                 requital
                 ,
                 loads
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 History
                 with
                 Praises
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 and
                 sizes
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 my
                 opinion
                 it
                 were
                 no
                 difficult
                 Task
                 ,
                 by
                 way
                 of
                 grateful
                 Return
                 ,
                 to
                 repay
                 favours
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 Princes
                 ,
                 by
                 moderate
                 and
                 due
                 Praises
                 and
                 Commendations
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 After
                 the
                 *
                 Mercenary
                 Soldiers
                 had
                 agreed
                 with
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 they
                 Marched
                 away
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 were
                 receiv'd
                 by
                 the
                 Messenians
                 ,
                 as
                 Friends
                 and
                 Confederates
                 :
                 and
                 being
                 thus
                 kindly
                 entertain'd
                 by
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 they
                 Murther'd
                 all
                 their
                 Landlords
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 their
                 Wives
                 as
                 their
                 own
                 ,
                 and
                 possessed
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 10
                 When
                 Demetrius
                 was
                 a
                 Prisoner
                 at
                 
                   Pella
                   ,
                   Lysimachus
                
                 sent
                 an
                 Ambassador
                 to
                 Seleucus
                 to
                 Caution
                 him
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 suffer
                 him
                 upon
                 any
                 Terms
                 to
                 get
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Hands
                 ,
                 being
                 (
                 as
                 he
                 
                 said
                 )
                 an
                 insatiably
                 ambitious
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 continually
                 plotting
                 against
                 all
                 the
                 Kings
                 ;
                 and
                 promis'd
                 he
                 would
                 give
                 him
                 2000
                 Talents
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 would
                 put
                 Demetrius
                 to
                 death
                 :
                 But
                 Seleucus
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 sharply
                 rebuk'd
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 for
                 perswading
                 him
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 violate
                 his
                 Faith
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 commit
                 so
                 horrid
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Wickedness
                 against
                 one
                 so
                 near
                 related
                 to
                 him
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 writ
                 a
                 Letter
                 to
                 his
                 Son
                 Antiochus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 in
                 Media
                 ,
                 to
                 ask
                 his
                 Advice
                 what
                 should
                 be
                 done
                 with
                 Demetrius
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 had
                 resolv'd
                 
                 to
                 release
                 him
                 and
                 restore
                 him
                 hononourably
                 to
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 but
                 was
                 willing
                 likewise
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 Favour
                 acknowledg'd
                 by
                 his
                 Son
                 *
                 Antiochus
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 marry'd
                 Stratonices
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 several
                 Children
                 by
                 her
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Out
                 of
                 the
                 22d
                 BOOK
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 WHen
                 a
                 Garrison
                 was
                 put
                 into
                 Rhegium
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Romans
                   ,
                   Decius
                
                 a
                 Campanian
                 ,
                 a
                 covetous
                 and
                 impudent
                 Fellow
                 ,
                 acted
                 the
                 Base
                 and
                 Treacherous
                 Part
                 of
                 the
                 Mamertines
                 ;
                 
                 for
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 receiv'd
                 as
                 Friends
                 by
                 the
                 Messenians
                 ,
                 and
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 their
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 the
                 Throats
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Messenians
                 their
                 Landlords
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Houses
                 ,
                 and
                 marry'd
                 their
                 Wives
                 ,
                 and
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 Estates
                 of
                 them
                 they
                 had
                 murder'd
                 ;
                 so
                 the
                 Campanian
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 whom
                 with
                 Decius
                 the
                 Garrison
                 of
                 Rhegium
                 was
                 committed
                 by
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 like
                 Perfidiousness
                 kill'd
                 all
                 the
                 Rhegians
                 ,
                 and
                 dividing
                 their
                 Goods
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ,
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 But
                 Decius
                 the
                 Governor
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 sold
                 the
                 Goods
                 of
                 these
                 miserable
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 shared
                 the
                 Money
                 he
                 had
                 treacherously
                 rais'd
                 ,
                 was
                 expell'd
                 from
                 Rhegium
                 by
                 the
                 Campanians
                 ,
                 his
                 Co-partners
                 in
                 this
                 wicked
                 Fact.
                 But
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 these
                 perfidious
                 Villains
                 at
                 length
                 met
                 with
                 their
                 just
                 Reward
                 :
                 For
                 Decius
                 being
                 seiz'd
                 with
                 a
                 grievous
                 pain
                 in
                 his
                 Eyes
                 sent
                 for
                 an
                 Eminent
                 Physitian
                 of
                 Rhegium
                 ,
                 who
                 to
                 revenge
                 the
                 Wrong
                 done
                 to
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 anointed
                 Decius
                 his
                 Eyes
                 with
                 Cantharides
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 having
                 made
                 him
                 stark
                 blind
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 Messena
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Phintias
                 having
                 tyrannically
                 oppressed
                 his
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Wealthy
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 be
                 hated
                 by
                 his
                 Subjects
                 for
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 
                 all
                 being
                 upon
                 the
                 point
                 ready
                 for
                 a
                 General
                 Defection
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 great
                 streights
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 chang'd
                 his
                 former
                 Course
                 ,
                 and
                 ruling
                 more
                 moderately
                 ,
                 kept
                 his
                 Subjects
                 within
                 the
                 bounds
                 of
                 their
                 Duty
                 and
                 Obedience
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Ptolomy
                 King
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 being
                 indeed
                 very
                 Young
                 ,
                 and
                 altogether
                 unexpert
                 in
                 Military
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 naturally
                 Rash
                 and
                 weak
                 Headed
                 ,
                 made
                 no
                 provision
                 for
                 any
                 thing
                 
                 as
                 he
                 ought
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 advis'd
                 by
                 his
                 Friends
                 to
                 stay
                 for
                 the
                 Auxiliary
                 Forces
                 who
                 were
                 not
                 as
                 yet
                 come
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 disregarded
                 their
                 Council
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Apollodorus
                 affecting
                 the
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 ,
                 and
                 minding
                 to
                 confirm
                 the
                 Conspirators
                 in
                 whhat
                 they
                 had
                 undertaken
                 ,
                 sent
                 for
                 a
                 young
                 Man
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 under
                 colour
                 of
                 coming
                 to
                 Sacrifice
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 he
                 offer'd
                 him
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 his
                 Intrails
                 to
                 be
                 eaten
                 by
                 the
                 Conspirators
                 ,
                 and
                 drunk
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 his
                 Blood
                 mixed
                 with
                 Wine
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 The
                 same
                 Apollodorus
                 arm'd
                 some
                 Gauls
                 ,
                 and
                 engag'd
                 them
                 with
                 large
                 Gifts
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 for
                 his
                 Life-Guard
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 naturally
                 Cruel
                 ,
                 and
                 ready
                 to
                 
                 execute
                 any
                 Villany
                 .
                 He
                 rais'd
                 likewise
                 a
                 great
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 by
                 Confiscating
                 and
                 exposing
                 to
                 publick
                 Sale
                 the
                 Goods
                 of
                 the
                 Wealthy
                 Citizens
                 .
                 He
                 grew
                 very
                 potent
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 ,
                 by
                 increasing
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 Pay
                 ,
                 and
                 distributing
                 Money
                 among
                 the
                 Poorer
                 sort
                 .
              
               
                 Being
                 wholly
                 given
                 up
                 to
                 Cruelty
                 and
                 Covetousness
                 ,
                 he
                 squeez'd
                 Money
                 from
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 both
                 Men
                 and
                 Women
                 with
                 Racks
                 and
                 Torments
                 to
                 bring
                 forth
                 all
                 their
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 one
                 Calliphon
                 a
                 Sicilian
                 for
                 his
                 adviser
                 ,
                 an
                 Arts
                 master
                 in
                 Tyranny
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 long
                 bred
                 up
                 a
                 Courtier
                 among
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrants
                 in
                 Sicily
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 When
                 Pyrrhus
                 had
                 plunder'd
                 Aegeas
                 ,
                 the
                 Seat-Royal
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 there
                 a
                 Garrison
                 of
                 Gauls
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 inform'd
                 by
                 some
                 that
                 there
                 were
                 great
                 Treasures
                 
                 (
                 according
                 to
                 ancient
                 Custom
                 )
                 hid
                 in
                 the
                 Sepulchres
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 dug
                 up
                 all
                 the
                 Tombs
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 the
                 Wealth
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 ,
                 but
                 scattered
                 abroad
                 the
                 Bones
                 and
                 Ashes
                 of
                 the
                 Dead
                 .
              
               
                 However
                 ,
                 Pyrrhus
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 rail'd
                 at
                 for
                 this
                 piece
                 of
                 Inhumanity
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 punish'd
                 not
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 their
                 assistance
                 in
                 his
                 Wars
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 Out
                 of
                 the
                 23d
                 BOOK
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 I
                 Look
                 upon
                 it
                 the
                 Duty
                 of
                 an
                 Historian
                 diligently
                 to
                 observe
                 the
                 Stratagems
                 and
                 Management
                 of
                 Affairs
                 by
                 Generals
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 :
                 For
                 by
                 laying
                 open
                 and
                 taxing
                 of
                 other
                 Mens
                 Faults
                 the
                 like
                 Miscarriage
                 may
                 be
                 prevented
                 in
                 them
                 that
                 come
                 after
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 by
                 commending
                 of
                 things
                 that
                 are
                 done
                 well
                 ,
                 others
                 are
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 to
                 Virtuous
                 actions
                 .
                 For
                 who
                 can
                 but
                 utterly
                 condemn
                 the
                 Pride
                 ,
                 Folly
                 ,
                 Madness
                 and
                 Insolency
                 of
                 *
                 Attilius
                 ?
                 Who
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 his
                 prosperous
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 both
                 lost
                 his
                 own
                 Reputation
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 many
                 great
                 Mischiefs
                 and
                 Calamities
                 upon
                 his
                 Country
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 struck
                 up
                 a
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 Honourable
                 and
                 Advantageous
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 but
                 Base
                 and
                 Dishonourable
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Name
                 might
                 have
                 been
                 for
                 ever
                 renown'd
                 amongst
                 all
                 Men
                 for
                 his
                 Clemency
                 and
                 Humanity
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 no
                 regard
                 to
                 any
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 :
                 But
                 proudly
                 insulting
                 over
                 the
                 Distresses
                 of
                 the
                 Afflicted
                 ,
                 stood
                 upon
                 such
                 Terms
                 as
                 both
                 provok'd
                 the
                 Gods
                 to
                 Anger
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 the
                 Conquered
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 those
                 unreasonable
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 to
                 stand
                 it
                 out
                 resolutely
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 Extremity
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 face
                 of
                 Affairs
                 was
                 chang'd
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 who
                 but
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 were
                 in
                 great
                 Terror
                 and
                 Amazement
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 their
                 late
                 Rout
                 ,
                 and
                 despair'd
                 of
                 all
                 Relief
                 ,
                 gather'd
                 Courage
                 ,
                 and
                 routed
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 their
                 Enemies
                 Army
                 ;
                 and
                 upon
                 this
                 Misfortune
                 ,
                 such
                 was
                 the
                 Distress
                 and
                 Amazement
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 who
                 were
                 before
                 look'd
                 upon
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 best
                 Soldiers
                 at
                 Land
                 in
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 durst
                 not
                 engage
                 the
                 Enemy
                 in
                 that
                 kind
                 any
                 more
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 this
                 was
                 the
                 longest
                 War
                 of
                 any
                 we
                 read
                 of
                 in
                 former
                 times
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 matter
                 was
                 now
                 to
                 be
                 decided
                 by
                 Sea
                 Fights
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 a
                 vast
                 Number
                 of
                 Ships
                 both
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 and
                 their
                 Confederates
                 were
                 destroy'd
                 ,
                 and
                 100000
                 Men
                 perish'd
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 kill'd
                 in
                 Fights
                 at
                 Sea
                 :
                 And
                 it
                 's
                 easie
                 to
                 believe
                 how
                 vast
                 a
                 Treasure
                 must
                 be
                 expended
                 ,
                 sufficient
                 to
                 maintain
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Fleet
                 for
                 the
                 continuance
                 of
                 a
                 War
                 for
                 Fifteen
                 Years
                 .
                 But
                 he
                 that
                 was
                 the
                 Author
                 and
                 Occasion
                 of
                 so
                 many
                 Miseries
                 ,
                 had
                 himself
                 no
                 small
                 share
                 in
                 the
                 Calamity
                 ,
                 since
                 his
                 present
                 Dishonour
                 and
                 Disgrace
                 did
                 far
                 over-ballance
                 his
                 former
                 Glory
                 and
                 Reputation
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 Misfortune
                 others
                 are
                 taught
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 proud
                 in
                 Prosperity
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 most
                 cutting
                 and
                 grievous
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 now
                 forced
                 to
                 endure
                 the
                 Scoffs
                 and
                 Scorns
                 of
                 those
                 over
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 insulted
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 their
                 Calamity
                 ;
                 having
                 justly
                 debarred
                 himself
                 from
                 that
                 Pity
                 and
                 Commiseration
                 which
                 is
                 wont
                 to
                 be
                 shew'd
                 towards
                 them
                 that
                 are
                 in
                 affliction
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 for
                 Xanthippus
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 delivered
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 from
                 the
                 present
                 Evils
                 that
                 hung
                 over
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 altogether
                 chang'd
                 the
                 Scene
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 utterly
                 routed
                 the
                 Romans
                 who
                 were
                 but
                 even
                 now
                 Conquerors
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 a
                 sad
                 slaughter
                 lifted
                 up
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 height
                 of
                 Prosperity
                 ,
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 expecting
                 their
                 last
                 doom
                 )
                 that
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 they
                 slighted
                 and
                 contemn'd
                 their
                 Enemy
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 noise
                 of
                 this
                 famous
                 Action
                 being
                 spread
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 over
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 admir'd
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 this
                 General
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 look'd
                 like
                 a
                 Wonder
                 to
                 every
                 body
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 should
                 be
                 such
                 a
                 sudden
                 change
                 of
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 by
                 one
                 Man
                 only
                 joining
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 who
                 were
                 but
                 lately
                 closely
                 besieg'd
                 ,
                 should
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 besiege
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 And
                 that
                 they
                 who
                 by
                 their
                 Valour
                 were
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 Lords
                 both
                 of
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 now
                 coop'd
                 up
                 in
                 a
                 small
                 Town
                 ,
                 expecting
                 every
                 day
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Prey
                 to
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 's
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 wonder'd
                 at
                 ,
                 since
                 the
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Wisdom
                 of
                 the
                 General
                 overcame
                 all
                 difficulties
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Hamilear
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Barca
                 ,
                 and
                 Hannibal
                 his
                 Son
                 the
                 great
                 Carthaginian
                 Generals
                 ,
                 are
                 reputed
                 the
                 greatest
                 Captains
                 of
                 any
                 that
                 ever
                 were
                 either
                 before
                 or
                 after
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 their
                 Victories
                 greatly
                 enlarg'd
                 the
                 Dominion
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Out
                 of
                 the
                 24th
                 BOOK
                 .
              
               
                 CLodius
                 coming
                 into
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Charge
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 who
                 
                 then
                 straitly
                 besieg'd
                 Lilybaeum
                 ,
                 call'd
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 together
                 ,
                 began
                 bitterly
                 to
                 inveigh
                 against
                 the
                 Consuls
                 from
                 whom
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Legions
                 ,
                 declaring
                 they
                 had
                 negligently
                 manag'd
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 giving
                 themselves
                 up
                 to
                 Wine
                 ,
                 Luxury
                 ,
                 and
                 Voluptuousness
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 more
                 really
                 besieg'd
                 than
                 the
                 Enemy
                 :
                 But
                 this
                 Man
                 being
                 naturally
                 Hot
                 and
                 
                 Fiery
                 ,
                 and
                 something
                 Crack-brain'd
                 ,
                 acted
                 many
                 things
                 Rashly
                 and
                 like
                 a
                 Mad-man
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 the
                 first
                 Place
                 ,
                 imitating
                 the
                 indiscreet
                 Actions
                 of
                 those
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 censur'd
                 ,
                 he
                 attempted
                 to
                 raise
                 up
                 a
                 Mole
                 in
                 the
                 Sea
                 and
                 block
                 up
                 the
                 Haven
                 ,
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 the
                 more
                 Imprudence
                 ,
                 as
                 the
                 Fault
                 is
                 the
                 greater
                 not
                 to
                 learn
                 to
                 do
                 better
                 ,
                 by
                 seeing
                 before
                 the
                 Mistakes
                 and
                 Miscarriages
                 of
                 another
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 run
                 into
                 an
                 Error
                 upon
                 the
                 first
                 Attempt
                 .
                 Being
                 likewise
                 naturally
                 Cruel
                 and
                 Severe
                 in
                 inflicting
                 Punishment
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 he
                 was
                 inexorable
                 in
                 punishing
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 scourg'd
                 the
                 Roman
                 Confederates
                 with
                 Rods.
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 He
                 was
                 so
                 swell'd
                 with
                 Pride
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 his
                 Birth
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Renown
                 of
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 despis'd
                 every
                 body
                 else
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Hamilcar
                 before
                 he
                 was
                 chosen
                 General
                 was
                 noted
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 a
                 magnanimous
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 he
                 was
                 advanc'd
                 to
                 that
                 Honour
                 he
                 deceiv'd
                 not
                 their
                 Expectation
                 ,
                 but
                 behav'd
                 himself
                 as
                 a
                 Noble
                 Carthaginian
                 ,
                 in
                 every
                 thing
                 aiming
                 at
                 Fame
                 and
                 Renown
                 and
                 despising
                 Dangers
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 both
                 Prudent
                 ,
                 Valiant
                 ,
                 and
                 Industrious
                 ,
                 the
                 Best
                 King
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 Valiant
                 General
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Hanno
                 was
                 naturally
                 of
                 an
                 aspiring
                 Spirit
                 and
                 thirsting
                 after
                 Glory
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 a
                 
                 great
                 Army
                 that
                 lay
                 idle
                 ,
                 hop'd
                 by
                 this
                 Expedition
                 both
                 to
                 Train
                 and
                 Exercise
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 likewise
                 to
                 maintain
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 to
                 ease
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Charge
                 ,
                 and
                 over
                 and
                 besides
                 ,
                 to
                 perform
                 some
                 considerable
                 Service
                 that
                 might
                 prove
                 both
                 Honourable
                 and
                 Profitable
                 to
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 When
                 Hanno
                 had
                 taken
                 *
                 Hecatompylus
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Elders
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 address'd
                 themselves
                 
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 begg'd
                 and
                 intreated
                 him
                 to
                 shew
                 them
                 Pity
                 and
                 Compassion
                 ,
                 being
                 something
                 Vain-glorious
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 he
                 preferr'd
                 Mercy
                 before
                 Severity
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 3000
                 Hostages
                 ,
                 and
                 preserv'd
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 the
                 Estates
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 entire
                 and
                 untouch'd
                 ,
                 for
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 by
                 the
                 poor
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 splendidly
                 and
                 liberally
                 Entertain'd
                 by
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 with
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 rich
                 Provision
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 But
                 the
                 *
                 Mother
                 of
                 the
                 Young
                 Men
                 grievously
                 laid
                 to
                 heart
                 the
                 Death
                 of
                 her
                 Husband
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 conceiving
                 that
                 through
                 their
                 Carlesness
                 and
                 Neglect
                 he
                 had
                 lost
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 she
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 her
                 Sons
                 to
                 use
                 the
                 Captives
                 most
                 Cruelly
                 and
                 Inhumanely
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 thrust
                 into
                 a
                 little
                 close
                 Room
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 straitness
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 were
                 forced
                 to
                 throng
                 one
                 upon
                 another
                 like
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 kept
                 without
                 Meat
                 for
                 five
                 Days
                 *
                 Bostar
                 through
                 vexation
                 of
                 Mind
                 and
                 Famine
                 together
                 dy'd
                 .
                 But
                 Hamilcar
                 being
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Spirit
                 held
                 out
                 still
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 saw
                 no
                 hopes
                 of
                 Relief
                 .
                 But
                 told
                 her
                 
                 how
                 careful
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 of
                 her
                 Husband
                 ,
                 and
                 intreated
                 her
                 with
                 Tears
                 to
                 Compassion
                 ;
                 but
                 she
                 was
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 being
                 touch'd
                 with
                 the
                 least
                 sense
                 of
                 Humanity
                 ,
                 that
                 this
                 cruel
                 Woman
                 shut
                 up
                 the
                 Carkass
                 with
                 him
                 for
                 five
                 Days
                 together
                 in
                 that
                 close
                 Hole
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 him
                 meat
                 only
                 to
                 keep
                 him
                 alive
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 be
                 the
                 longer
                 sensible
                 of
                 his
                 miserable
                 Condition
                 .
                 Hamilcar
                 therefore
                 now
                 despiaring
                 by
                 intreating
                 or
                 begging
                 to
                 move
                 her
                 to
                 Pity
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 call
                 upon
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 and
                 cry
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 who
                 took
                 care
                 of
                 Mankind
                 ,
                 to
                 revenge
                 him
                 upon
                 the
                 Woman
                 ,
                 and
                 repay
                 her
                 with
                 just
                 and
                 due
                 Punishment
                 .
              
               
                 However
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 all
                 these
                 Torments
                 he
                 was
                 kept
                 alive
                 ,
                 till
                 through
                 the
                 Mercy
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 or
                 some
                 good
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 wonderfully
                 and
                 unexpectedly
                 delivered
                 .
                 For
                 even
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 upon
                 the
                 Point
                 of
                 Death
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 stench
                 of
                 the
                 dead
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Miseries
                 he
                 lay
                 under
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 meaner
                 Servants
                 belonging
                 to
                 the
                 House
                 told
                 it
                 some
                 others
                 abroad
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 indignation
                 to
                 such
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Cruelty
                 and
                 Wickedness
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 inform'd
                 the
                 Tribunes
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 this
                 horrid
                 Fact.
                 Whereupon
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 discover'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 sent
                 for
                 the
                 Attillii
                 ,
                 who
                 for
                 branding
                 the
                 Roman
                 Name
                 with
                 such
                 a
                 dishonourable
                 Mark
                 of
                 barbarous
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 escap'd
                 very
                 narrowly
                 being
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 threatned
                 the
                 Attillii
                 severely
                 to
                 punish
                 them
                 if
                 they
                 did
                 not
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 use
                 their
                 Prisoners
                 civilly
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 due
                 care
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 They
                 imputed
                 most
                 that
                 was
                 done
                 to
                 their
                 Mother
                 ,
                 and
                 burning
                 the
                 Body
                 of
                 Bostar
                 ,
                 sent
                 the
                 Ashes
                 back
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 freed
                 Amilcar
                 from
                 the
                 Distress
                 and
                 Calamity
                 he
                 had
                 groan'd
                 under
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Out
                 of
                 the
                 25th
                 BOOK
                 .
              
               
                 THE
                 Carthaginians
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 at
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Romans
                 for
                 the
                 possession
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 now
                 Four
                 and
                 Twenty
                 Years
                 ,
                 suffer'd
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 by
                 that
                 War
                 as
                 they
                 did
                 
                 by
                 their
                 Mercenary
                 Soldiers
                 whom
                 they
                 had
                 injur'd
                 :
                 For
                 designing
                 to
                 defraud
                 them
                 of
                 
                 their
                 Pay
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 fair
                 way
                 of
                 losing
                 both
                 their
                 Sovereign
                 Authority
                 and
                 their
                 Country
                 together
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 resented
                 the
                 Injury
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 forthwith
                 revolted
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 into
                 miserable
                 Distresses
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 sent
                 a
                 Trumpet
                 to
                 the
                 Revolters
                 ,
                 to
                 desire
                 liberty
                 to
                 bury
                 them
                 
                 that
                 were
                 slain
                 in
                 the
                 Battel
                 .
                 But
                 Spondius
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Captains
                 of
                 the
                 Revolters
                 ,
                 with
                 barbarous
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 deny'd
                 that
                 ,
                 but
                 warn'd
                 them
                 upon
                 their
                 Peril
                 not
                 to
                 send
                 any
                 more
                 Messengers
                 to
                 them
                 upon
                 any
                 account
                 whatsoever
                 ,
                 for
                 if
                 they
                 did
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 suffer
                 the
                 same
                 Punishment
                 .
                 And
                 they
                 then
                 made
                 an
                 Order
                 ,
                 that
                 every
                 Carthaginian
                 they
                 took
                 Prisoner
                 should
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 they
                 before
                 mentioned
                 were
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 their
                 Confederates
                 which
                 should
                 be
                 taken
                 should
                 have
                 their
                 Hands
                 cut
                 off
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 sent
                 back
                 to
                 Carthage
                 .
                 This
                 Cruelty
                 of
                 Spondius
                 was
                 the
                 reason
                 that
                 Hamilcar
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 cast
                 off
                 his
                 former
                 Lenity
                 ,
                 and
                 retaliate
                 the
                 same
                 Cruelty
                 upon
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 taken
                 by
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 first
                 Rack'd
                 and
                 Tormented
                 the
                 Captives
                 ,
                 he
                 then
                 cast
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Elephants
                 ,
                 who
                 trod
                 and
                 trampled
                 them
                 under-foot
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 they
                 dy'd
                 most
                 miserably
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 Hippacrineans
                 and
                 Uticans
                 revolted
                 from
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 
                 Garrison
                 ,
                 and
                 threw
                 them
                 over
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 would
                 not
                 suffer
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 bury'd
                 ,
                 though
                 it
                 was
                 desir'd
                 by
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
              
               
                 Hamilcar
                 ,
                 Sirnam'd
                 Barca
                 ,
                 perform'd
                 many
                 great
                 and
                 excellent
                 Services
                 to
                 the
                 advantage
                 
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 both
                 against
                 the
                 Romans
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Africa
                 against
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 and
                 the
                 Lybians
                 ,
                 who
                 revolted
                 from
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 streightly
                 besieg'd
                 Carthage
                 it self
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 both
                 these
                 Wars
                 he
                 perform'd
                 noble
                 Actions
                 with
                 great
                 Valour
                 and
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 was
                 highly
                 honour'd
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 .
                 But
                 after
                 the
                 War
                 was
                 ended
                 in
                 Africa
                 ,
                 he
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 Body
                 of
                 Lewd
                 Fellow
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 enrich'd
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 Spoils
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 Actions
                 gain'd
                 a
                 great
                 Interest
                 and
                 the
                 Love
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 he
                 prevail'd
                 so
                 far
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 created
                 Generalissimo
                 of
                 all
                 Lybia
                 for
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Out
                 of
                 the
                 26th
                 BOOK
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 HAnnibal
                 was
                 naturally
                 of
                 a
                 warlike
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 Train'd
                 up
                 in
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 from
                 
                 a
                 Child
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 been
                 for
                 many
                 years
                 together
                 in
                 several
                 Expeditions
                 with
                 the
                 greatest
                 Captains
                 ,
                 he
                 learnt
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Experience
                 in
                 matters
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 being
                 by
                 Nature
                 prompt
                 to
                 Feats
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 improv'd
                 likewise
                 by
                 daily
                 Exercise
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 in
                 the
                 Wars
                 ,
                 he
                 look'd
                 very
                 big
                 upon
                 it
                 ,
                 in
                 expectation
                 of
                 doing
                 great
                 things
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Minucius
                 being
                 overcome
                 by
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 evident
                 by
                 the
                 Event
                 that
                 he
                 ruin'd
                 all
                 by
                 his
                 Imprudence
                 and
                 Unskilfulness
                 ;
                 but
                 Fabius
                 by
                 his
                 Valour
                 and
                 Policy
                 preserv'd
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Dorimarchus
                 the
                 Provincial
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 committed
                 a
                 most
                 impious
                 
                 Fact
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 robb'd
                 the
                 Famous
                 Temple
                 of
                 
                   Jupiter
                   Dodonaeus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 burnt
                 the
                 whole
                 except
                 the
                 Treasury
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                 Hannibal's
                 Army
                 having
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 together
                 glutted
                 themselves
                 with
                 the
                 Riches
                 
                 and
                 Pleasures
                 of
                 Campania
                 ,
                 became
                 wholly
                 degenerated
                 ;
                 for
                 their
                 Luxury
                 ,
                 Soft
                 Beds
                 ,
                 Ointments
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 delicate
                 Fare
                 ,
                 took
                 away
                 their
                 Courage
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 them
                 unfit
                 to
                 endure
                 hardship
                 ,
                 and
                 caus'd
                 both
                 their
                 Bodies
                 and
                 Souls
                 to
                 degenerate
                 into
                 Effeminacy
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 When
                 Hannibal
                 had
                 spoken
                 much
                 against
                 the
                 cruelty
                 and
                 malice
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 or
                 rather
                 their
                 pride
                 and
                 arrogancy
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 the
                 Senators
                 Sons
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Relations
                 
                 (
                 which
                 he
                 pickt
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Captives
                 ,
                 )
                 in
                 this
                 manner
                 revenging
                 himself
                 upon
                 the
                 Senate
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Hannibal
                 being
                 possess'd
                 with
                 an
                 implacable
                 Hatred
                 against
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 pickt
                 out
                 from
                 amongst
                 the
                 Captives
                 such
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 fittest
                 for
                 single
                 Combat
                 ,
                 and
                 matcht
                 them
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 them
                 to
                 fight
                 Brothers
                 with
                 Brothers
                 ,
                 Fathers
                 with
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 Kinsmen
                 with
                 Kinsmen
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 barbarous
                 Injunction
                 ,
                 who
                 cannot
                 but
                 justly
                 abhor
                 the
                 cruelty
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 admire
                 the
                 Piety
                 ,
                 Patience
                 and
                 Constancy
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 their
                 most
                 grievous
                 Sufferings
                 !
                 For
                 tho'
                 they
                 were
                 tormented
                 with
                 Fire-Goads
                 and
                 cruel
                 stripes
                 ,
                 yet
                 none
                 would
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 lift
                 up
                 their
                 hands
                 against
                 their
                 Friends
                 and
                 Relations
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 unmovable
                 dy'd
                 in
                 the
                 Anguish
                 of
                 their
                 Sufferings
                 ,
                 keeping
                 themselves
                 pure
                 and
                 unspotted
                 from
                 the
                 Guilt
                 of
                 destroying
                 one
                 another
                 .
              
               
               
                 7.
                 
                 When
                 Gelo
                 and
                 Hiero
                 Kings
                 of
                 Sicily
                 were
                 dead
                 in
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 Hieronymus
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 very
                 raw
                 and
                 young
                 ,
                 succeeded
                 ,
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 was
                 but
                 ill
                 supply'd
                 with
                 a
                 Governour
                 ;
                 for
                 being
                 flatter'd
                 and
                 sooth'd
                 up
                 by
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 he
                 fell
                 into
                 Luxury
                 ,
                 Debauchery
                 ,
                 and
                 Tyrannical
                 Cruelty
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 Ravish'd
                 many
                 Men's
                 Wives
                 ,
                 Murther'd
                 his
                 Friends
                 that
                 advis'd
                 him
                 ;
                 confiscated
                 the
                 Goods
                 of
                 many
                 without
                 hearing
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 their
                 Estates
                 
                 to
                 the
                 flattering
                 Informers
                 ;
                 which
                 first
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 the
                 hatred
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 then
                 put
                 them
                 upon
                 Plotting
                 ,
                 which
                 broke
                 out
                 at
                 last
                 and
                 ended
                 in
                 his
                 destruction
                 ;
                 the
                 common
                 Lot
                 of
                 Tyrants
                 in
                 such
                 cases
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 When
                 Hiero
                 was
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Syracusians
                 call'd
                 a
                 Senate
                 ,
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 decreed
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Kindred
                 of
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 should
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 both
                 Man
                 and
                 Woman
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 
                 none
                 of
                 his
                 Race
                 or
                 Family
                 should
                 be
                 left
                 alive
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 When
                 the
                 dead
                 Body
                 of
                 
                   Semprenius
                   Gracchus
                
                 was
                 sent
                 by
                 Mago
                 to
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 seeing
                 it
                 lie
                 upon
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 cry'd
                 out
                 to
                 have
                 it
                 cut
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 hurl'd
                 away
                 piece
                 by
                 piece
                 out
                 of
                 Slings
                 .
                 But
                 Hannibal
                 having
                 an
                 Object
                 before
                 his
                 Eyes
                 to
                 instruct
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 uncertainty
                 and
                 unconstancy
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 and
                 honouring
                 and
                 admiring
                 likewise
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Man
                 ,
                 said
                 it
                 was
                 an
                 unworthy
                 thing
                 to
                 wreak
                 a
                 Man's
                 Anger
                 upon
                 a
                 speechless
                 Carcass
                 ;
                 and
                 afterwards
                 celebrated
                 his
                 Funeral
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 marks
                 of
                 Honour
                 and
                 Respect
                 ,
                 and
                 civilly
                 sent
                 his
                 Bones
                 and
                 Ashes
                 in
                 an
                 Urn
                 to
                 the
                 Roman
                 Camp.
                 
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 When
                 Syracuse
                 was
                 taken
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Citizens
                 went
                 forth
                 to
                 meet
                 Marcellus
                 with
                 Olive-branches
                 
                 in
                 their
                 hands
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 told
                 them
                 he
                 would
                 spare
                 all
                 the
                 Lives
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 Freemen
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 their
                 Goods
                 should
                 be
                 a
                 prey
                 for
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 The
                 Carthaginians
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 made
                 an
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Libyck
                 War
                 ,
                 severely
                 punish'd
                 
                 the
                 
                   Micatanian
                   Numidians
                
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 crucify'd
                 all
                 their
                 Captives
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 as
                 their
                 posterity
                 ever
                 since
                 remembring
                 the
                 Cruelty
                 executed
                 upon
                 their
                 Forefathers
                 ,
                 are
                 most
                 implacable
                 Enemies
                 to
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 But
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 Hasdruball
                 is
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 passed
                 over
                 in
                 silence
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 
                   Amilcar
                   Barca
                
                 ,
                 the
                 bravest
                 Captain
                 of
                 his
                 Age
                 ,
                 who
                 in
                 the
                 Sicilian
                 War
                 was
                 the
                 only
                 General
                 that
                 often
                 overcame
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 put
                 an
                 happy
                 end
                 to
                 the
                 Civil
                 War
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 past
                 over
                 with
                 an
                 Army
                 into
                 Spain
                 ;
                 and
                 this
                 Hasdrubal
                 approv'd
                 himself
                 a
                 Son
                 not
                 unworthy
                 the
                 Honour
                 and
                 Dignity
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 Father
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 generally
                 own'd
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 best
                 Soldier
                 ,
                 (
                 next
                 to
                 Hannibal
                 his
                 Brother
                 )
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 he
                 was
                 left
                 General
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Forces
                 in
                 Spain
                 by
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 fought
                 many
                 Battles
                 ,
                 and
                 freeing
                 his
                 Army
                 many
                 times
                 from
                 the
                 Straits
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 ,
                 he
                 often
                 ran
                 himself
                 into
                 many
                 great
                 Dangers
                 :
                 and
                 being
                 at
                 ●ength
                 forc'd
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 heart
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 far
                 from
                 the
                 Sea
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 Valour
                 he
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 mighty
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 came
                 unexpectedly
                 into
                 Italy
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 Nabis
                 King
                 of
                 Lacedemon
                 Murthered
                 P●l●ps
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 ●●curg●●
                 the
                 former
                 King
                 ,
                 
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 but
                 a
                 very
                 Child
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 afraid
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 grown
                 up
                 to
                 Man's
                 Estate
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 seek
                 to
                 free
                 and
                 rescue
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 being
                 of
                 the
                 Blood-Royal
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 this
                 reason
                 he
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 and
                 hir'd
                 the
                 basest
                 and
                 most
                 abject
                 Fellows
                 ,
                 wherever
                 he
                 could
                 find
                 'em
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 his
                 Life
                 guard
                 ,
                 and
                 protect
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Dominion
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 Robbers
                 of
                 Temples
                 ,
                 Thieves
                 ,
                 Highway-men
                 ,
                 and
                 Condemn'd
                 Persons
                 flock'd
                 from
                 all
                 places
                 to
                 Sparta
                 .
                 For
                 stepping
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Throne
                 by
                 wickedness
                 ,
                 he
                 had
                 no
                 hopes
                 to
                 keep
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 so
                 wickedly
                 got
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 such
                 Prophane
                 and
                 Impious
                 Fellows
                 .
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 The
                 Cretians
                 Rigg'd
                 out
                 Seven
                 Ships
                 for
                 Piracy
                 ,
                 and
                 robb'd
                 many
                 Passengers
                 at
                 
                 Sea
                 ,
                 whereupon
                 the
                 Merchants
                 being
                 altogether
                 discourag'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 looking
                 upon
                 it
                 to
                 belong
                 to
                 them
                 to
                 redress
                 this
                 Mischief
                 ,
                 proclaim'd
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Cretians
                 .
              
               
                 14.
                 
                 Pleminius
                 was
                 left
                 Governor
                 of
                 Locris
                 by
                 Scipio
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 a
                 p●ofliga●●
                 wretch
                 ,
                 he
                 forc'd
                 open
                 the
                 Treasury
                 of
                 Proserpina
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 away
                 all
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Treasure
                 .
                 
                 The
                 Locrians
                 enrag'd
                 at
                 the
                 Fact
                 ,
                 Address'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 and
                 intreated
                 their
                 Relief
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 usual
                 Faith
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 ,
                 Two
                 Military
                 Tribunes
                 seem
                 much
                 offended
                 with
                 the
                 Impious
                 Fact
                 committed
                 ,
                 and
                 sharply
                 rebuk'd
                 Pleminius
                 ;
                 not
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 really
                 angry
                 at
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 they
                 themselves
                 had
                 no
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Money
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 Goddess
                 paid
                 them
                 all
                 home
                 for
                 their
                 Impiety
                 .
                 For
                 this
                 was
                 reported
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 most
                 Famous
                 Temple
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 Ages
                 before
                 that
                 time
                 (
                 through
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 )
                 had
                 remain'd
                 safe
                 and
                 unviolated
                 .
                 For
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 Pyrrhus
                 transported
                 his
                 Forces
                 out
                 of
                 Sicily
                 to
                 Locris
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 pressing
                 upon
                 him
                 for
                 Pay
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 forc'd
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 this
                 Sacred
                 Treasure
                 :
                 but
                 in
                 returning
                 back
                 (
                 they
                 say
                 )
                 he
                 suffred
                 much
                 ,
                 his
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 being
                 dispers'd
                 ,
                 shatter'd
                 and
                 torn
                 in
                 pieces
                 by
                 a
                 ●ierce
                 and
                 violent
                 Tempest
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 therefore
                 Pyrrhus
                 himself
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Religious
                 Reverence
                 to
                 the
                 Goddess
                 ,
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 pacify
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 every
                 penny
                 of
                 the
                 Money
                 before
                 he
                 left
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Tribunes
                 before
                 mentioned
                 pretending
                 to
                 abhorr
                 the
                 Sacrilege
                 ,
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Locrians
                 ,
                 and
                 rebuking
                 Pleminius
                 for
                 his
                 Crime
                 ,
                 threatned
                 severely
                 to
                 punish
                 him
                 .
                 The
                 Quarrel
                 growing
                 hotter
                 and
                 hotter
                 ,
                 it
                 came
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 blows
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Tribunes
                 threw
                 Pliminius
                 upon
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 and
                 bit
                 off
                 his
                 Ears
                 and
                 Nose
                 ,
                 and
                 slic'd
                 off
                 both
                 his
                 Lips
                 ;
                 but
                 afterwards
                 Pliminius
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Tribunes
                 to
                 be
                 seiz'd
                 ,
                 and
                 whipp'd
                 them
                 to
                 death
                 with
                 Rods.
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Senate
                 and
                 People
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 through
                 a
                 Religious
                 awe
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 great
                 concern
                 about
                 this
                 Sacrilegious
                 Act
                 ;
                 and
                 upon
                 this
                 occasion
                 the
                 Enemies
                 of
                 
                   Publius
                   Scipio
                
                 having
                 got
                 an
                 opportunity
                 to
                 cast
                 Durt
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 accus'd
                 him
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 the
                 Adviser
                 of
                 Pliminius
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 all
                 by
                 his
                 Order
                 and
                 Command
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 by
                 a
                 Decree
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 two
                 Tribunes
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 and
                 an
                 Aedilis
                 were
                 sent
                 into
                 Sicily
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 bring
                 Scipio
                 forthwith
                 to
                 Rome
                 ,
                 if
                 they
                 found
                 that
                 the
                 Sacrilege
                 was
                 committed
                 by
                 his
                 Command
                 or
                 Connivance
                 ;
                 but
                 if
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 discover
                 any
                 such
                 thing
                 ,
                 that
                 then
                 they
                 should
                 suffer
                 him
                 to
                 Transport
                 the
                 Forces
                 over
                 into
                 Africa
                 .
                 While
                 they
                 were
                 upon
                 their
                 Journey
                 Scipio
                 sent
                 for
                 Pliminius
                 and
                 cast
                 him
                 into
                 Goal
                 ;
                 and
                 every
                 day
                 with
                 great
                 care
                 and
                 diligence
                 exercis'd
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 the
                 Tribunes
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 did
                 so
                 admire
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 highly
                 commended
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 Pliminius
                 being
                 brought
                 bound
                 to
                 Rome
                 ,
                 the
                 Senate
                 forthwith
                 committed
                 him
                 to
                 prison
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 he
                 dy'd
                 there
                 in
                 custody
                 .
                 His
                 Goods
                 were
                 all
                 Devoted
                 to
                 Proserpina
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 they
                 fell
                 short
                 to
                 make
                 satisfaction
                 ,
                 was
                 decreed
                 by
                 the
                 Senate
                 to
                 be
                 supply'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 publick
                 Treasury
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 should
                 be
                 death
                 for
                 any
                 Soldier
                 not
                 to
                 restore
                 what
                 Goods
                 or
                 Money
                 soever
                 he
                 had
                 in
                 his
                 hand
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 taken
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Treasury
                 of
                 
                   Proserpina's
                   Temple
                
                 ,
                 and
                 further
                 decreed
                 that
                 the
                 Locrians
                 should
                 be
                 free
                 .
              
               
                 15.
                 
                 Scipio
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 Syphax
                 among
                 other
                 prisoners
                 led
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 in
                 Chains
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 fell
                 a
                 weeping
                 ,
                 to
                 consider
                 the
                 former
                 Royal
                 State
                 and
                 Dignity
                 of
                 the
                 Person
                 ;
                 resolving
                 therefore
                 to
                 use
                 his
                 fortunate
                 success
                 with
                 moderation
                 and
                 humanity
                 ,
                 Commanded
                 that
                 Syphax
                 should
                 be
                 freed
                 from
                 his
                 Chains
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 up
                 his
                 Tent
                 to
                 him
                 for
                 the
                 reception
                 of
                 him
                 and
                 his
                 Royal
                 Family
                 ;
                 and
                 keeping
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 prisoner
                 (
                 yet
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 liberty
                 imaginable
                 )
                 often
                 courteously
                 convers'd
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 entertain'd
                 him
                 at
                 his
                 Table
                 .
              
               
                 16.
                 
                 Sophonisba
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 first
                 the
                 Wife
                 of
                 Masinissa
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 of
                 Syphax
                 ,
                 but
                 being
                 
                 taken
                 prisoner
                 was
                 gain'd
                 again
                 by
                 Masinissa
                 )
                 was
                 a
                 Woman
                 of
                 an
                 admirable
                 Beauty
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 her
                 cunning
                 tricks
                 and
                 charming
                 devices
                 could
                 obtain
                 whatever
                 she
                 pleas'd
                 :
                 and
                 being
                 confederated
                 with
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 her
                 Countrymen
                 ,
                 ply'd
                 her
                 Husband
                 every
                 day
                 to
                 fall
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 Romans
                 ;
                 which
                 when
                 Syphax
                 was
                 assur'd
                 of
                 ,
                 he
                 acquainted
                 Scipio
                 with
                 the
                 design
                 ,
                 and
                 caution'd
                 him
                 to
                 have
                 a
                 special
                 care
                 of
                 that
                 Woman
                 ;
                 all
                 which
                 being
                 confirm'd
                 likewise
                 by
                 
                   Laelius
                   ,
                   Scipio
                
                 commanded
                 the
                 Lady
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 which
                 Masinissa
                 refusing
                 ,
                 he
                 threatned
                 him
                 severely
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 Masinissa
                 was
                 so
                 concern'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 order'd
                 that
                 some
                 should
                 be
                 sent
                 from
                 Scipio
                 to
                 fetch
                 her
                 away
                 :
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 he
                 went
                 into
                 his
                 Tent
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 Sophonisba
                 to
                 drink
                 off
                 a
                 Cup
                 of
                 Poison
                 .
              
               
                 17.
                 
                 Scipio
                 through
                 his
                 Clemency
                 and
                 Compassion
                 towards
                 all
                 the
                 prisoners
                 he
                 took
                 ,
                 for
                 ever
                 after
                 was
                 secure
                 of
                 Masinissa
                 as
                 a
                 faithful
                 and
                 constant
                 Confederate
                 .
              
               
                 18.
                 
                 Hannibal
                 call'd
                 together
                 his
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 and
                 told
                 them
                 that
                 he
                 must
                 of
                 necessity
                 pass
                 over
                 into
                 Africa
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 provided
                 shipping
                 for
                 all
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 willing
                 to
                 
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 Some
                 agreed
                 to
                 the
                 thing
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 to
                 those
                 that
                 chose
                 rather
                 to
                 continue
                 in
                 Italy
                 ,
                 he
                 compass'd
                 round
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 liberty
                 to
                 pick
                 out
                 as
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 as
                 they
                 pleas'd
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 their
                 Captives
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Twenty
                 thousand
                 Foot
                 ,
                 and
                 Three
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 he
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 a
                 vast
                 number
                 of
                 Cattle
                 .
              
               
                 19
                 Four
                 thousand
                 Horse
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 went
                 over
                 to
                 Masinissa
                 after
                 the
                 Rout
                 of
                 Syphax
                 ,
                 
                 deserted
                 him
                 and
                 came
                 in
                 to
                 Hannibal
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 enrag'd
                 at
                 them
                 ,
                 encompass'd
                 them
                 round
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 shot
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 death
                 with
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 their
                 Horses
                 amongst
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 .
              
               
                 20.
                 
                 Scipio
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 common
                 People
                 were
                 on
                 the
                 point
                 to
                 have
                 knock'd
                 them
                 all
                 on
                 the
                 head
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 sober
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 preserv'd
                 them
                 from
                 
                 that
                 imminent
                 danger
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 'em
                 a
                 Ship-board
                 ,
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 send
                 them
                 back
                 to
                 
                 Scipio's
                 Camp
                 :
                 But
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 popular
                 ,
                 and
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 People
                 in
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 order'd
                 the
                 Master
                 of
                 the
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 the
                 Ship
                 wherein
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 were
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 Sail
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 throw
                 all
                 over-board
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 perform'd
                 accordingly
                 .
              
               
                 However
                 ,
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 swam
                 to
                 land
                 and
                 got
                 safe
                 to
                 Scipio
                 ;
                 But
                 the
                 Gods
                 within
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 remarkable
                 Instance
                 ;
                 evidenc'd
                 their
                 Power
                 to
                 punish
                 those
                 that
                 
                 design'd
                 so
                 wicked
                 a
                 Fact.
                 For
                 it
                 happn'd
                 about
                 that
                 time
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 Ambassadors
                 were
                 returning
                 from
                 Rome
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 driven
                 by
                 a
                 Storm
                 into
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Fleet
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 to
                 Scipio
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 all
                 cry'd
                 out
                 to
                 retaliate
                 the
                 wickdness
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 upon
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 that
                 were
                 then
                 taken
                 ,
                 Scipio
                 utterly
                 refus'd
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 
                   That
                   they
                   themselves
                   ought
                   not
                   to
                   do
                   that
                   ,
                   for
                   which
                   they
                   blam'd
                   the
                
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 They
                 were
                 therefore
                 all
                 discharg'd
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 safe
                 to
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 and
                 highly
                 extoll'd
                 the
                 Piety
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
              
               
                 21.
                 
                 Philip
                 King
                 of
                 Macedon
                 persuaded
                 Dicaeardus
                 the
                 Aetolian
                 ,
                 a
                 daring
                 Man
                 ,
                 to
                 act
                 the
                 Pirate
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 him
                 Twenty
                 Ships
                 ,
                 with
                 order
                 to
                 exact
                 Tribute
                 
                 from
                 the
                 Islands
                 ,
                 and
                 assist
                 the
                 Cretians
                 against
                 Rhodes
                 ;
                 Hereupon
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Orders
                 ,
                 he
                 robb'd
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Merchants
                 ,
                 and
                 wasting
                 the
                 Islands
                 ,
                 screw'd
                 abundance
                 of
                 Money
                 from
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 22.
                 
                 Philip
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 King
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 one
                 Heraclides
                 a
                 Tarrentine
                 a
                 wicked
                 fellow
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 private
                 was
                 always
                 buzzing
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Ears
                 with
                 Calumnies
                 and
                 false
                 Accusations
                 against
                 Philip's
                 best
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 egg'd
                 him
                 on
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 that
                 height
                 of
                 Impiety
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 five
                 of
                 the
                 Senators
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 King
                 Philip's
                 Affairs
                 by
                 degrees
                 declin'd
                 and
                 went
                 worse
                 and
                 worse
                 :
                 For
                 undertaking
                 Wars
                 frivolously
                 and
                 unnecessarily
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 danger
                 to
                 have
                 lost
                 his
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 :
                 for
                 none
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 durst
                 speak
                 any
                 more
                 freely
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 or
                 advise
                 him
                 ,
                 all
                 fearing
                 his
                 stubborn
                 and
                 haughty
                 Humour
                 .
                 He
                 made
                 War
                 likewise
                 upon
                 the
                 Dardanians
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 provocation
                 given
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 10000
                 of
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 Battle
                 .
              
               
                 23.
                 
                 This
                 Philip
                 King
                 of
                 Macedon
                 ,
                 besides
                 his
                 rooted
                 Covetousness
                 ,
                 was
                 so
                 lifted
                 up
                 with
                 his
                 prosperous
                 Successes
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 put
                 his
                 friends
                 to
                 death
                 without
                 any
                 legal
                 Trial
                 or
                 just
                 Cause
                 ,
                 and
                 robb'd
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 the
                 Temples
                 and
                 Sepulchres
                 .
                 In
                 like
                 manner
                 Antiochus
                 attempting
                 to
                 rob
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 in
                 Aelymais
                 *
                 there
                 receiv'd
                 a
                 just
                 Overthrow
                 with
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 and
                 Ruine
                 of
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 ;
                 And
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 conceiting
                 their
                 Armies
                 were
                 Unconquerable
                 ,
                 lost
                 all
                 in
                 one
                 Battle
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 receive
                 Laws
                 impos'd
                 upon
                 them
                 by
                 others
                 ;
                 and
                 imputed
                 their
                 Misfortunes
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Miscarriages
                 ,
                 and
                 acknowledg'd
                 themselves
                 beholding
                 to
                 the
                 Humanity
                 and
                 Generosity
                 of
                 the
                 Victors
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 pardon
                 of
                 their
                 Offences
                 ;
                 and
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 desert
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 wicked
                 Actions
                 ,
                 they
                 saw
                 their
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 Anger
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 grievously
                 plagu'd
                 and
                 aflicted
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Romans
                 then
                 ,
                 and
                 ever
                 after
                 ,
                 beginning
                 no
                 Wars
                 but
                 upon
                 just
                 and
                 Honourable
                 Terms
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 a
                 Sacred
                 Regard
                 to
                 their
                 Leagues
                 and
                 Oaths
                 ,
                 were
                 always
                 deservedly
                 assisted
                 in
                 all
                 their
                 Councils
                 and
                 Designs
                 by
                 the
                 Gods.
                 
              
               
                 24.
                 
                 The
                 same
                 Philip
                 being
                 in
                 extream
                 want
                 of
                 Provision
                 ,
                 continually
                 wasted
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Attalus
                 ,
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Gates
                 of
                 *
                 of
                 Pergamena
                 .
                 He
                 ruin'd
                 likewise
                 the
                 Temples
                 in
                 the
                 Suburbs
                 of
                 Pergamus
                 ,
                 especially
                 Nicephorus
                 that
                 was
                 exceeding
                 Rich.
                 Besides
                 several
                 other
                 sumptuous
                 Fabricks
                 ;
                 for
                 out
                 of
                 hatred
                 against
                 Attalus
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 catch
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 executed
                 his
                 Rage
                 upon
                 these
                 places
                 .
              
               
                 25.
                 
                 Philip
                 entring
                 into
                 Attica
                 encamp'd
                 at
                 Cynosarges
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 burnt
                 Acadamia
                 ,
                 demolisht
                 the
                 Sepulchres
                 ,
                 and
                 robb'd
                 the
                 Temples
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 gratifying
                 his
                 Rage
                 and
                 
                 Fury
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 only
                 incens'd
                 against
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 against
                 the
                 Gods
                 themselves
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 spoke
                 ill
                 of
                 before
                 ,
                 so
                 he
                 was
                 now
                 hated
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 he
                 was
                 overtaken
                 by
                 the
                 Vengeance
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 near
                 being
                 ruin'd
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 imprudence
                 ,
                 but
                 preserv'd
                 by
                 the
                 Clemency
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
              
               
                 26.
                 
                 Philip
                 discerning
                 he
                 was
                 hated
                 by
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 kindness
                 to
                 
                 Heraclides
                 ,
                 put
                 him
                 in
                 Prison
                 .
                 This
                 Heraclides
                 was
                 a
                 Tarrentine
                 ,
                 a
                 notorious
                 wicked
                 fellow
                 ,
                 who
                 from
                 a
                 mild
                 and
                 gentle
                 Prince
                 ,
                 chang'd
                 Philip
                 into
                 a
                 fierce
                 and
                 cruel
                 Tyrant
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 *
                 he
                 was
                 exceedingly
                 hated
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 the
                 
                 Macedonians
                 .
              
               
                 27.
                 
                 The
                 Name
                 and
                 Fame
                 of
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 was
                 nois'd
                 over
                 all
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 
                 in
                 every
                 City
                 and
                 Town
                 where
                 ever
                 he
                 came
                 ,
                 they
                 came
                 in
                 great
                 Multitudes
                 to
                 look
                 at
                 him
                 .
                 
              
               
                 28.
                 
                 Ptolemy
                 King
                 of
                 Aegypt
                 ,
                 for
                 some
                 time
                 Reign'd
                 with
                 great
                 Commendation
                 :
                 But
                 afterwards
                 corrupted
                 by
                 Parasites
                 ,
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 have
                 an
                 evil
                 Eye
                 towards
                 his
                 Tutor
                 
                 Aristomenes
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 freedom
                 in
                 telling
                 him
                 of
                 his
                 faults
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 all
                 along
                 manag'd
                 every
                 thing
                 with
                 great
                 prudence
                 ,
                 and
                 whose
                 advice
                 Philip
                 had
                 before
                 follow'd
                 as
                 his
                 Father
                 ;
                 but
                 at
                 length
                 he
                 sent
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 by
                 forcing
                 him
                 to
                 drink
                 off
                 a
                 Cup
                 of
                 *
                 Poyson
                 .
                 From
                 that
                 time
                 growing
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 fierce
                 ,
                 and
                 raging
                 ,
                 *
                 making
                 use
                 of
                 Tyrannical
                 cruelty
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 of
                 Regal
                 Authority
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 hated
                 by
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 far
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 loss
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
               
                 29.
                 
                 Ther
                 's
                 a
                 Temple
                 not
                 far
                 off
                 from
                 Chalcis
                 ,
                 call'd
                 .
                 Delium
                 ;
                 *
                 where
                 a
                 considerable
                 
                   
                   number
                   of
                   Roman
                   Soldiers
                   ,
                   that
                   were
                   securely
                   walking
                   up
                   and
                   down
                   ,
                   to
                   satisfie
                   their
                   
                   Curiosity
                   ,
                   were
                   on
                   a
                   sudden
                   cut
                   off
                   by
                   Antiochus
                   ,
                   in
                   a
                   time
                   of
                   Peace
                   ,
                   and
                   before
                   any
                   War
                   was
                   Proclaim'd
                   .
                
                 For
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 greatly
                 condemn'd
                 and
                 censur'd
                 by
                 the
                 Grecians
                 ,
                 as
                 occasioning
                 by
                 this
                 wicked
                 Fact
                 ,
                 a
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 
                 
                   Titus
                   Flaminius
                
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 at
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Gods
                 and
                 Men
                 to
                 Witness
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 began
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 30.
                 
                 Antiochus
                 Winter'd
                 at
                 *
                 Demetrias
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 laid
                 aside
                 all
                 care
                 of
                 Warlike
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 
                 being
                 then
                 above
                 Fifty
                 Years
                 of
                 Age
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 fell
                 in
                 Love
                 with
                 a
                 *
                 young
                 Lady
                 ,
                 and
                 Married
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 forth
                 most
                 magnificent
                 Shews
                 ,
                 and
                 publick
                 Games
                 ;
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 weakned
                 his
                 own
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 effeminated
                 his
                 Mind
                 ,
                 but
                 infeebled
                 the
                 Courage
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 passed
                 the
                 Winter
                 in
                 Luxury
                 and
                 Voluptuousness
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 were
                 drawn
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 Winter
                 Quarters
                 ,
                 could
                 neither
                 endure
                 hunger
                 nor
                 thirst
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 other
                 hardship
                 ,
                 but
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 fell
                 Sick
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 straggled
                 about
                 here
                 and
                 there
                 far
                 from
                 their
                 Colours
                 .
              
               
                 31.
                 
                 King
                 Antiochus
                 seeing
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Thessaly
                 inclining
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 slow
                 
                 Motion
                 of
                 the
                 Forces
                 he
                 expected
                 out
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 carelesness
                 and
                 sloath
                 of
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 ,
                 continually
                 framing
                 and
                 and
                 pretending
                 one
                 excuse
                 after
                 another
                 ,
                 was
                 in
                 great
                 strait
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 uneasie
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 highly
                 incens'd
                 at
                 those
                 that
                 advis'd
                 him
                 to
                 begin
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 unprepar'd
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 no
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 the
                 Aetolians
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 greatly
                 admir'd
                 Hannibal
                 for
                 his
                 Prudence
                 ;
                 who
                 diswaded
                 him
                 to
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 now
                 repos'd
                 all
                 his
                 Confidence
                 in
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 whereas
                 before
                 he
                 suspected
                 him
                 ,
                 ●e
                 now
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 him
                 as
                 his
                 most
                 trusty
                 Friend
                 and
                 Councellor
                 .
              
               
                 32.
                 
                 Antiochus
                 wholly
                 discourag'd
                 by
                 his
                 late
                 Rout
                 ,
                 determin'd
                 to
                 leave
                 Europe
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 only
                 be
                 on
                 the
                 Defensive
                 part
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 all
                 the
                 Lysimachians
                 to
                 forsake
                 the
                 *
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 pass
                 over
                 into
                 Asia
                 :
                 For
                 which
                 every
                 Body
                 censur'd
                 him
                 as
                 for
                 a
                 very
                 imprudent
                 Act
                 ,
                 whereby
                 without
                 a
                 stroak
                 struck
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Enemies
                 hands
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 so
                 advantageously
                 scituated
                 ,
                 as
                 might
                 have
                 given
                 a
                 Stop
                 to
                 the
                 Enemies
                 passage
                 out
                 of
                 Europe
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 as
                 afterwards
                 by
                 experience
                 was
                 found
                 true
                 ;
                 for
                 Scipio
                 seizing
                 upon
                 Lysimachia
                 thus
                 deserted
                 ,
                 made
                 great
                 advantage
                 of
                 it
                 for
                 the
                 transporting
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 33.
                 
                 
                   Marcus
                   Fulvius
                
                 the
                 *
                 Praetor
                 ,
                 was
                 deservedly
                 punish'd
                 for
                 his
                 abuse
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Confederates
                 in
                 Liguria
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 disarm'd
                 the
                 Cinomani
                 ,
                 who
                 receiv'd
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 Friend
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Allie
                 ,
                 although
                 he
                 could
                 find
                 nothing
                 against
                 them
                 ;
                 which
                 thing
                 coming
                 to
                 the
                 Consul's
                 Ears
                 ,
                 he
                 ordered
                 him
                 to
                 restore
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 impos'd
                 a
                 Mulct
                 upon
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 34.
                 
                 King
                 Antiochus
                 being
                 in
                 want
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 hearing
                 there
                 were
                 vast
                 Treasures
                 
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 and
                 other
                 precious
                 Jewels
                 ,
                 of
                 offerings
                 made
                 in
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 
                   Jupiter
                   Belus
                
                 ,
                 in
                 Elymais
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 rifle
                 it
                 .
                 Coming
                 therefore
                 into
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Elymais
                 ,
                 and
                 pretending
                 that
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 that
                 Place
                 had
                 rais'd
                 a
                 War
                 against
                 him
                 ;
                 he
                 robb'd
                 the
                 Temple
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 great
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 the
                 Gods
                 executed
                 vengeance
                 upon
                 him
                 for
                 his
                 Sacrilege
                 .
              
               
                 35.
                 
                 Philopemenes
                 Governour
                 of
                 Achaia
                 ,
                 was
                 both
                 an
                 excellent
                 Soldier
                 and
                 a
                 Statesman
                 ,
                 
                 who
                 all
                 his
                 Life
                 long
                 was
                 of
                 a
                 blameless
                 Conversation
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 been
                 frequently
                 Praetor
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 govern'd
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 for
                 Forty
                 Years
                 together
                 ,
                 much
                 advanc
                 ▪
                 d
                 the
                 affairs
                 of
                 Achaia
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 always
                 affable
                 and
                 courteous
                 to
                 the
                 meanest
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 his
                 virtue
                 was
                 admir'd
                 both
                 by
                 the
                 Grècians
                 and
                 Romans
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 came
                 at
                 last
                 to
                 an
                 unfortunate
                 End
                 :
                 but
                 by
                 a
                 Divine
                 Providence
                 his
                 unhappy
                 Exit
                 was
                 recompens'd
                 after
                 his
                 death
                 with
                 Divine
                 Honours
                 ,
                 for
                 besides
                 what
                 was
                 publickly
                 decreed
                 by
                 the
                 Achaians
                 in
                 honour
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 the
                 Citizens
                 built
                 a
                 Temple
                 in
                 remembrance
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 appointed
                 a
                 Bull
                 for
                 a
                 yearly
                 Sacrifice
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 ordered
                 young
                 Men
                 to
                 sing
                 Hymns
                 in
                 praise
                 and
                 commendation
                 of
                 his
                 noble
                 Acts.
                 
              
               
                 36.
                 
                 Hannibal
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 expert
                 General
                 ,
                 and
                 perform'd
                 the
                 greatest
                 Enterprizes
                 of
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ;
                 he
                 was
                 never
                 troubl'd
                 with
                 any
                 Mutinies
                 in
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 his
                 prudent
                 Conduct
                 ,
                 kept
                 them
                 in
                 their
                 duty
                 and
                 orderly
                 discipline
                 ,
                 tho'
                 they
                 differ'd
                 as
                 much
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 in
                 their
                 several
                 humours
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 did
                 in
                 their
                 various
                 Languages
                 .
              
               
                 For
                 whereas
                 those
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Nation
                 were
                 us'd
                 commonly
                 upon
                 every
                 slight
                 occasion
                 ,
                 to
                 desert
                 and
                 fly
                 to
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 none
                 under
                 him
                 durst
                 ever
                 attempt
                 any
                 such
                 thing
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 tho'
                 he
                 March'd
                 from
                 place
                 to
                 place
                 with
                 very
                 great
                 Armies
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 never
                 wanted
                 either
                 Money
                 or
                 Provision
                 .
                 And
                 that
                 which
                 is
                 most
                 remarkable
                 is
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Foreigners
                 and
                 Mercenary
                 Soldiers
                 lov'd
                 him
                 as
                 well
                 ,
                 if
                 not
                 more
                 ,
                 than
                 they
                 did
                 who
                 were
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 Men.
                 Keeping
                 therefore
                 his
                 Army
                 in
                 exact
                 discipline
                 ,
                 he
                 perform'd
                 the
                 greater
                 and
                 more
                 renown'd
                 Actions
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 the
                 most
                 potent
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 wasted
                 and
                 harrass'd
                 almost
                 all
                 Italy
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Seventeen
                 years
                 .
                 
                 He
                 was
                 ,
                 so
                 Victorious
                 in
                 every
                 Battle
                 he
                 Fought
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 such
                 terrible
                 Slaughters
                 among
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 reputed
                 the
                 Lords
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 that
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Multitudes
                 that
                 were
                 cut
                 off
                 by
                 him
                 ,
                 none
                 durst
                 look
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Face
                 ,
                 to
                 Engage
                 him
                 in
                 Battle
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 laid
                 likewise
                 many
                 Cities
                 in
                 Ashes
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 took
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 and
                 almost
                 depopulated
                 Italy
                 that
                 was
                 before
                 full
                 of
                 People
                 :
                 all
                 which
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 accomplish'd
                 by
                 the
                 Strength
                 and
                 Wealth
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 fellow
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 so
                 likewise
                 by
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 Foreign
                 Auxiliaries
                 and
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 those
                 that
                 by
                 their
                 Unanimousness
                 were
                 unconquerable
                 ,
                 he
                 overcame
                 by
                 Policy
                 and
                 Warlike
                 Stratagems
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 made
                 it
                 evident
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 the
                 Soal
                 governs
                 the
                 Actions
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 so
                 a
                 General
                 rules
                 and
                 directs
                 all
                 to
                 a
                 right
                 end
                 ,
                 in
                 an
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 37.
                 
                 
                   P.
                   Scipio
                
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 but
                 very
                 young
                 ,
                 perform'd
                 great
                 and
                 wonderful
                 things
                 in
                 Spain
                 ,
                 beyond
                 all
                 Mens
                 expectations
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 beaten
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 deliver'd
                 his
                 
                 Country
                 from
                 imminent
                 Perils
                 ,
                 and
                 compell'd
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 overcome
                 by
                 force
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 to
                 leave
                 Italy
                 without
                 fighting
                 a
                 stroke
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 by
                 his
                 Valour
                 and
                 Military
                 Conduct
                 overcame
                 Hannibal
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Battle
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 Carthage
                 to
                 stoop
                 to
                 the
                 Roman
                 Yoke
                 .
              
               
                 38.
                 
                 Leocritus
                 General
                 of
                 King
                 Pharnaces
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 often
                 assaulted
                 the
                 City
                 Pius
                 ,
                 at
                 
                 length
                 forc'd
                 the
                 Mercenary
                 Soldiers
                 who
                 defended
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 to
                 surrender
                 the
                 Town
                 upon
                 Condition
                 ,
                 That
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 safely
                 conducted
                 to
                 what
                 place
                 soever
                 they
                 pleas'd
                 to
                 go
                 ;
                 who
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 march'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 on
                 their
                 way
                 according
                 
                 to
                 the
                 Capitulation
                 ,
                 Leocritus
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 ordered
                 by
                 Pharnaces
                 to
                 put
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 had
                 formerly
                 incens'd
                 him
                 )
                 against
                 the
                 Faith
                 of
                 the
                 Articles
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 upon
                 their
                 march
                 ,
                 fell
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 Darts
                 slew
                 them
                 every
                 Man.
                 
              
               
                 39.
                 
                 Seleucus
                 having
                 rais'd
                 a
                 great
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 his
                 march
                 to
                 assist
                 Pharnaces
                 ,
                 was
                 
                 now
                 ready
                 to
                 pass
                 over
                 Mount
                 Taurus
                 ,
                 but
                 recollecting
                 and
                 calling
                 to
                 mind
                 the
                 League
                 the
                 Romans
                 had
                 made
                 with
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 lawful
                 —
              
               
                 40.
                 
                 But
                 they
                 who
                 had
                 committed
                 such
                 a
                 notorious
                 Wicked
                 Fact
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 Murder'd
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 escap'd
                 not
                 Divine
                 Vengeance
                 .
                 For
                 those
                 who
                 contriv'd
                 the
                 false
                 Accusations
                 
                 from
                 Rome
                 ,
                 within
                 a
                 while
                 after
                 incurred
                 the
                 Displeasure
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 put
                 to
                 Death
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 Philip
                 himself
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 restless
                 all
                 the
                 days
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 much
                 troubled
                 in
                 Conscience
                 for
                 the
                 Murder
                 of
                 so
                 hopeful
                 a
                 Son
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 liv'd
                 not
                 two
                 years
                 after
                 ,
                 but
                 pin'd
                 away
                 with
                 extremity
                 of
                 Grief
                 .
                 And
                 Perseus
                 ,
                 the
                 Author
                 and
                 Contriver
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 ,
                 being
                 conquer'd
                 by
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 and
                 flying
                 to
                 Samothracia
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 wickedness
                 of
                 the
                 Fact
                 executed
                 by
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Murder
                 of
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 could
                 find
                 no
                 sanctuary
                 in
                 that
                 holy
                 Temple
                 .
              
               
                 41.
                 
                 
                   Tiberius
                   Gracchus
                
                 being
                 sent
                 Lieutenant
                 General
                 into
                 Spain
                 ,
                 vigorously
                 manag'd
                 the
                 War
                 :
                 for
                 tho'
                 he
                 was
                 very
                 young
                 ,
                 yet
                 for
                 Valour
                 and
                 Prudence
                 he
                 excell'd
                 his
                 equals
                 in
                 age
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 such
                 evident
                 signs
                 of
                 doing
                 great
                 things
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 admir'd
                 by
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 42.
                 
                 
                   Paulus
                   Aemilius
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Consul
                 and
                 Patron
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 Eminent
                 for
                 Nobleness
                 of
                 Birth
                 ,
                 Prudence
                 and
                 Comliness
                 of
                 Person
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 all
                 Marks
                 of
                 Honour
                 were
                 conferr'd
                 upon
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Romans
                 his
                 Countreymen
                 .
                 Every
                 one
                 eccho'd
                 forth
                 his
                 Praise
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 alive
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 his
                 Death
                 his
                 Fame
                 and
                 Renown
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 Profit
                 and
                 Advantage
                 by
                 his
                 Valour
                 procur'd
                 to
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ,
                 surviv'd
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 43.
                 
                 Antiochus
                 now
                 newly
                 advanc'd
                 to
                 the
                 Throne
                 of
                 Syria
                 ,
                 began
                 a
                 new
                 Course
                 of
                 Life
                 unusual
                 with
                 other
                 Kings
                 and
                 Princes
                 .
                 For
                 first
                 he
                 would
                 privately
                 steal
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 
                 Palace
                 unknown
                 to
                 any
                 of
                 his
                 Attendants
                 ,
                 and
                 walk
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 calling
                 one
                 or
                 another
                 to
                 him
                 where
                 he
                 came
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 fit
                 ;
                 Then
                 he
                 took
                 a
                 Pride
                 in
                 being
                 Familiar
                 and
                 drinking
                 with
                 Ordinary
                 Fellows
                 and
                 Mean
                 and
                 Poor
                 Travellers
                 and
                 Strangers
                 ;
                 and
                 if
                 perchance
                 he
                 discern'd
                 any
                 young
                 Men
                 were
                 met
                 together
                 at
                 a
                 set
                 time
                 to
                 celebrate
                 a
                 Festival
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 presently
                 clap
                 himself
                 down
                 amongst
                 them
                 with
                 his
                 Cup
                 in
                 his
                 Hand
                 ,
                 and
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Quire
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 many
                 were
                 often
                 so
                 startled
                 with
                 the
                 strangeness
                 of
                 the
                 thing
                 that
                 they
                 would
                 run
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 through
                 fear
                 struck
                 into
                 amaze
                 ,
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 say
                 a
                 Word
                 .
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 lay
                 aside
                 his
                 Royal
                 Robes
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 on
                 a
                 Roman
                 *
                 Gown
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 imitation
                 of
                 the
                 Candidates
                 at
                 Rome
                 that
                 were
                 seeking
                 for
                 Preferments
                 ,
                 would
                 salute
                 and
                 hug
                 every
                 Ordinary
                 Fellow
                 he
                 met
                 in
                 the
                 Street
                 ,
                 and
                 sometime
                 desiring
                 they
                 would
                 make
                 choice
                 of
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 Aedile
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 times
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Tribune
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 .
              
               
                 Having
                 at
                 length
                 obtain'd
                 the
                 Office
                 he
                 desir'd
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 seat
                 himself
                 upon
                 an
                 Ivory
                 Tribunal
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 the
                 Roman
                 manner
                 hear
                 Causes
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 so
                 earnest
                 and
                 diligent
                 in
                 the
                 Decision
                 of
                 Controversies
                 ,
                 both
                 between
                 Foreigners
                 and
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 most
                 
                 Prudent
                 and
                 Serious
                 amongst
                 them
                 knew
                 not
                 what
                 to
                 think
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 what
                 he
                 aim'd
                 at
                 or
                 design'd
                 ;
                 for
                 some
                 gave
                 a
                 favourable
                 Construction
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 others
                 accounted
                 it
                 Folly
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 no
                 other
                 than
                 downright
                 Madness
                 .
              
               
                 44.
                 
                 After
                 Eumenes
                 was
                 way-laid
                 ,
                 and
                 news
                 came
                 to
                 Pergamus
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 dead
                 ;
                 Atta
                 
                 lus
                 something
                 too
                 rashly
                 ,
                 hand
                 over
                 head
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 Marry'd
                 the
                 Queen
                 ;
                 but
                 Eumenes
                 returning
                 a
                 little
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 took
                 no
                 notice
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 embrac'd
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 and
                 carried
                 with
                 the
                 same
                 Respect
                 towards
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 did
                 before
                 .
              
               
                 45.
                 
                 Cotys
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 was
                 Valiant
                 in
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 Prudent
                 in
                 his
                 Counsels
                 ,
                 and
                 highly
                 
                 to
                 be
                 commended
                 for
                 his
                 Care
                 and
                 Diligence
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 Respects
                 ;
                 besides
                 all
                 which
                 he
                 was
                 of
                 singular
                 Temperance
                 and
                 Sobriety
                 ;
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 most
                 remarkable
                 for
                 his
                 Honour
                 and
                 Commendation
                 was
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 was
                 altogether
                 free
                 from
                 the
                 Natural
                 Vices
                 of
                 the
                 Thracians
                 .
              
               
                 46.
                 
                 Perseus
                 having
                 taken
                 Chalestrus
                 by
                 Storm
                 ,
                 put
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 Arms
                 to
                 
                 the
                 Sword
                 ;
                 and
                 whereas
                 Five
                 hundred
                 of
                 the
                 Garrison
                 Soldiers
                 got
                 into
                 a
                 Fort
                 ,
                 and
                 Treated
                 for
                 their
                 Lives
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 upon
                 laying
                 down
                 their
                 Arms
                 gave
                 them
                 Quarter
                 ,
                 and
                 liberty
                 to
                 be
                 gone
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 their
                 way
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Terms
                 granted
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 (
                 whether
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 heads
                 ,
                 or
                 by
                 order
                 from
                 the
                 King
                 is
                 uncertain
                 )
                 pursued
                 them
                 and
                 flew
                 them
                 every
                 Man.
                 
              
               
                 47.
                 
                 Charopus
                 the
                 Epiros
                 and
                 *
                 Son
                 of
                 that
                 Charopus
                 who
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 Philip
                 ,
                 sent
                 
                 a
                 Guide
                 to
                 
                   Titus
                   Flaminius
                
                 to
                 direct
                 him
                 through
                 the
                 Strait
                 and
                 difficult
                 Passes
                 in
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 the
                 Romans
                 unexpectedly
                 passing
                 those
                 places
                 ,
                 possessed
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 Straits
                 ;
                 this
                 Charopus
                 I
                 say
                 being
                 bred
                 up
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 good
                 Services
                 of
                 his
                 Grandfather
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 had
                 great
                 Interest
                 with
                 the
                 most
                 Eminent
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 a
                 fellow
                 of
                 extraordinary
                 Malice
                 and
                 Impudence
                 ,
                 was
                 ever
                 and
                 anon
                 at
                 Rome
                 accusing
                 and
                 slandering
                 the
                 chiefest
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 in
                 Epirus
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 by
                 terrifying
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 Capacity
                 to
                 oppose
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 became
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 absolute
                 Lord
                 and
                 Master
                 of
                 all
                 Epirus
                 .
                 *
                 
                   Cephalus
                   therefore
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   that
                   were
                   oppressed
                   by
                   his
                   Calumnies
                   ,
                   were
                   forc'd
                   to
                   Confederate
                   with
                   Perseus
                   ,
                
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 to
                 him
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 them
                 promis'd
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 Epirus
                 into
                 his
                 hands
                 .
              
               
                 48.
                 
                 King
                 Eumenes
                 being
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 hopes
                 of
                 taking
                 Abdera
                 which
                 he
                 he
                 had
                 then
                 besieg'd
                 ,
                 
                 dealt
                 under-hand
                 with
                 one
                 Pytho
                 ,
                 a
                 chief
                 Man
                 among
                 the
                 Abderites
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 his
                 Servants
                 and
                 Freemen
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 200
                 ,
                 Guarded
                 the
                 strongest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 this
                 Man
                 being
                 corrupted
                 with
                 Bribes
                 ,
                 and
                 won
                 with
                 fair
                 promises
                 ,
                 let
                 him
                 in
                 at
                 the
                 Gates
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 Eumenes
                 gain'd
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 But
                 Pytho
                 receiving
                 but
                 a
                 poor
                 and
                 mean
                 Reward
                 for
                 his
                 Treason
                 ,
                 and
                 seeing
                 before
                 his
                 Eyes
                 the
                 utter
                 Ruin
                 and
                 Destruction
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 repented
                 of
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 and
                 pin'd
                 away
                 for
                 Grief
                 .
              
               
                 49.
                 
                 When
                 an
                 Opportunity
                 was
                 put
                 into
                 the
                 hand
                 of
                 Perseus
                 ,
                 to
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 loyter'd
                 not
                 far
                 off
                 ,
                 about
                 Dius
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 careless
                 and
                 negligent
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 nick
                 of
                 time
                 ,
                 wherein
                 only
                 by
                 a
                 Shout
                 and
                 sound
                 of
                 Trumpet
                 ,
                 he
                 might
                 have
                 surpriz'd
                 and
                 taken
                 all
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Forces
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 then
                 shut
                 up
                 and
                 inclos'd
                 within
                 steep
                 and
                 craggy
                 Rocks
                 :
                 And
                 as
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 Negligent
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 Guards
                 that
                 were
                 plac'd
                 upon
                 the
                 tops
                 of
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 were
                 in
                 like
                 manner
                 as
                 Careless
                 in
                 their
                 Watch
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 several
                 Posts
                 .
              
               
                 50.
                 
                 Perseus
                 looking
                 upon
                 all
                 to
                 be
                 lost
                 ,
                 and
                 altogether
                 discourag'd
                 ,
                 commanded
                 Nico
                 his
                 Lord
                 Treasurer
                 ,
                 to
                 throw
                 all
                 the
                 Money
                 and
                 Treasure
                 at
                 *
                 Phacis
                 into
                 the
                 Sea.
                 
              
               
                 He
                 sent
                 away
                 likewise
                 Andronicus
                 the
                 Squire
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 to
                 Thessalonica
                 ,
                 with
                 orders
                 forthwith
                 to
                 burn
                 his
                 whole
                 Fleet
                 ;
                 who
                 came
                 accordingly
                 to
                 Thessalonica
                 ,
                 but
                 with
                 a
                 purpose
                 to
                 Act
                 more
                 prudently
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 forbore
                 to
                 execute
                 his
                 Orders
                 ,
                 hoping
                 by
                 preserving
                 the
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 to
                 ingratiate
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
              
               
                 51.
                 
                 Perseus
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 pulling
                 down
                 all
                 the
                 golden
                 Statues
                 at
                 *
                 Dion
                 ,
                 ordered
                 all
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 with
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 to
                 remove
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 to
                 *
                 Pydna
                 ,
                 than
                 which
                 (
                 a
                 Man
                 may
                 justly
                 say
                 )
                 nothing
                 was
                 more
                 Imprudently
                 done
                 by
                 Perseus
                 ,
                 during
                 this
                 War.
                 
              
               
                 52.
                 
                 At
                 this
                 time
                 the
                 *
                 Cydoniates
                 committed
                 a
                 most
                 Impious
                 Fact
                 against
                 all
                 the
                 Laws
                 and
                 
                 Customs
                 of
                 Greece
                 ;
                 for
                 being
                 receiv'd
                 by
                 the
                 *
                 Apolloniats
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 as
                 Friends
                 in
                 time
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 they
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 all
                 the
                 Men
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 possession
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Territory
                 .
              
               
               
                 53.
                 
                 King
                 Antiochus
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 routed
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 ,
                 and
                 might
                 have
                 cut
                 them
                 off
                 every
                 Man
                 ,
                 rid
                 about
                 and
                 call'd
                 out
                 to
                 his
                 Men
                 to
                 forbear
                 killing
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 to
                 take
                 them
                 Prisoners
                 ;
                 from
                 which
                 Councel
                 he
                 reap'd
                 considerable
                 Advantage
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 ;
                 
                 for
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 this
                 Humanity
                 ,
                 he
                 presently
                 gain'd
                 Pelusium
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 long
                 after
                 all
                 Aegypt
                 .
              
               
                 54.
                 
                 But
                 we
                 cannot
                 (
                 observing
                 the
                 method
                 we
                 have
                 propos'd
                 to
                 our selves
                 )
                 pass
                 by
                 the
                 Cowardice
                 of
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 for
                 who
                 can
                 but
                 judge
                 him
                 of
                 a
                 most
                 effeminate
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 that
                 would
                 without
                 a
                 stroke
                 struck
                 ,
                 give
                 up
                 so
                 great
                 and
                 rich
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 when
                 there
                 was
                 
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 danger
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Enemy
                 at
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 distance
                 from
                 him
                 .
                 Which
                 Effeminateness
                 if
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 Natural
                 ,
                 would
                 perhaps
                 have
                 been
                 more
                 excusable
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 it
                 was
                 apparent
                 from
                 the
                 things
                 he
                 afterwards
                 did
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 Prince
                 inferior
                 to
                 none
                 for
                 Industry
                 and
                 Resolution
                 ,
                 this
                 Sloath
                 must
                 needs
                 be
                 imputed
                 to
                 his
                 Education
                 under
                 the
                 *
                 Euuuch
                 ,
                 who
                 breeding
                 him
                 up
                 from
                 his
                 Childhood
                 in
                 Pleasures
                 ,
                 and
                 Womanish
                 Recreations
                 ,
                 Emasculated
                 the
                 vigour
                 of
                 his
                 Spirit
                 .
              
               
                 55.
                 
                 King
                 Antiochus
                 seem'd
                 to
                 all
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 prudent
                 and
                 active
                 Prince
                 ,
                 and
                 worthy
                 of
                 the
                 Kindom
                 in
                 every
                 respect
                 ,
                 excepting
                 that
                 one
                 miscarriage
                 at
                 Pelusium
                 .
              
               
                 56.
                 
                 When
                 Perseus
                 understood
                 that
                 a
                 choice
                 Body
                 of
                 Gauls
                 had
                 pass'd
                 the
                 River
                 Ister
                 ,
                 
                 in
                 order
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 greatly
                 rejoyc'd
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 into
                 *
                 Maedica
                 to
                 hasten
                 their
                 March
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Galls
                 demanded
                 present
                 Pay
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Agreement
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 value
                 of
                 about
                 500
                 Talents
                 ,
                 which
                 Perseus
                 through
                 his
                 natural
                 Covetousness
                 ,
                 refusing
                 to
                 pay
                 ,
                 tho'
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 promis'd
                 it
                 ,
                 the
                 Gauls
                 return'd
                 back
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 57.
                 
                 
                   Paulus
                   Aemilius
                
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Legions
                 ,
                 call'd
                 them
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 Life
                 and
                 Spirit
                 into
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 now
                 above
                 60
                 Years
                 of
                 
                 Age
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 great
                 Repute
                 and
                 Authority
                 among
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 noble
                 Services
                 to
                 the
                 State
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 had
                 invented
                 many
                 new
                 and
                 subtil
                 Stratagems
                 in
                 that
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 Valour
                 and
                 Policy
                 ,
                 had
                 overcome
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
              
               
                 58.
                 
                 Perseus
                 desirous
                 to
                 have
                 many
                 to
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 fled
                 by
                 Sea
                 ,
                 brought
                 out
                 to
                 them
                 Money
                 and
                 rich
                 Furniture
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 value
                 of
                 60
                 Talents
                 ,
                 to
                 take
                 and
                 carry
                 away
                 with
                 them
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 when
                 he
                 arriv'd
                 at
                 Galepsus
                 ,
                 he
                 told
                 his
                 Companions
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 those
                 things
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 suffer'd
                 them
                 to
                 carry
                 away
                 ,
                 were
                 formerly
                 the
                 Goods
                 of
                 *
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 desir'd
                 they
                 would
                 forthwith
                 restore
                 them
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 would
                 repay
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 value
                 in
                 Money
                 :
                 To
                 which
                 all
                 readily
                 consented
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 receiv'd
                 every
                 thing
                 back
                 again
                 ,
                 but
                 never
                 made
                 good
                 his
                 promise
                 .
              
               
                 59.
                 
                 Alexander
                 was
                 of
                 a
                 far
                 different
                 temper
                 from
                 Perseus
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 former
                 was
                 of
                 a
                 brave
                 and
                 noble
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 and
                 gain'd
                 an
                 Empire
                 like
                 to
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 his
                 Mind
                 .
                 On
                 the
                 
                 contrary
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 through
                 his
                 sordid
                 Covetousness
                 ,
                 lost
                 the
                 Assistance
                 of
                 the
                 Galls
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 such
                 like
                 gross
                 miscarriages
                 ,
                 utterly
                 ruin'd
                 an
                 Ancient
                 flourishing
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
               
                 60.
                 
                 After
                 the
                 flight
                 of
                 
                   Perseus
                   ,
                   Lucius
                   Aemilius
                
                 began
                 to
                 seek
                 for
                 his
                 younger
                 Son
                 Publius
                 *
                 Africanas
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 the
                 natural
                 Son
                 of
                 Aemilius
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 adopted
                 Son
                 of
                 Scipio
                 ,
                 who
                 
                 overcame
                 Hannibal
                 .
                 At
                 that
                 time
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 youth
                 about
                 Seventeen
                 years
                 of
                 Age
                 ,
                 and
                 under
                 the
                 Care
                 and
                 Tutorage
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 great
                 and
                 perilous
                 War
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 afterwards
                 he
                 became
                 as
                 famous
                 a
                 General
                 as
                 his
                 Father
                 .
                 Being
                 at
                 length
                 found
                 out
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 safe
                 into
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 the
                 Consul
                 was
                 at
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 freed
                 from
                 that
                 anxiety
                 of
                 Mind
                 he
                 labour'd
                 under
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 lov'd
                 him
                 with
                 a
                 more
                 than
                 a
                 Paternal
                 Affection
                 .
              
               
                 61.
                 
                 Aemilius
                 by
                 his
                 Civil
                 and
                 Courteous
                 usage
                 of
                 Perseus
                 ,
                 entertaining
                 him
                 at
                 his
                 Table
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 receiving
                 him
                 into
                 all
                 publick
                 Councils
                 ,
                 gave
                 evident
                 Demonstrations
                 ,
                 that
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 terrour
                 to
                 his
                 Enemies
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Field
                 ,
                 so
                 he
                 was
                 Mild
                 and
                 Merciful
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 Subdu'd
                 :
                 Which
                 course
                 being
                 follow'd
                 by
                 others
                 ,
                 Rome
                 became
                 Mistress
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 without
                 Envy
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 continu'd
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 it
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 such
                 noble
                 Generals
                 .
              
               
                 62.
                 
                 For
                 in
                 former
                 times
                 when
                 the
                 Romans
                 had
                 overcome
                 those
                 two
                 potent
                 Kings
                 Antiochus
                 
                 and
                 Philip
                 ,
                 they
                 not
                 only
                 forbore
                 inflicting
                 punishment
                 ,
                 but
                 restor'd
                 them
                 to
                 their
                 Kingdoms
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 their
                 Allies
                 .
                 And
                 in
                 these
                 later
                 times
                 ,
                 after
                 many
                 Battles
                 sought
                 with
                 Perseus
                 ,
                 and
                 overcoming
                 many
                 great
                 hazards
                 and
                 difficulties
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 all
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 beyond
                 all
                 Mens
                 hopes
                 and
                 expectations
                 ,
                 they
                 proclaim'd
                 liberty
                 to
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 ;
                 which
                 favour
                 neither
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 nor
                 any
                 Body
                 else
                 could
                 ever
                 expect
                 should
                 have
                 been
                 granted
                 by
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 very
                 Conscious
                 to
                 themselves
                 how
                 much
                 they
                 had
                 injur'd
                 the
                 Roman
                 State.
                 For
                 they
                 judg'd
                 (
                 and
                 that
                 most
                 justly
                 )
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 room
                 left
                 for
                 mercy
                 ,
                 being
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 before
                 been
                 pardon'd
                 former
                 Wrongs
                 and
                 Injuries
                 .
              
               
               
                 But
                 the
                 Senate
                 forgot
                 all
                 that
                 was
                 past
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 themselves
                 towards
                 them
                 with
                 great
                 Clemency
                 and
                 Generosity
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 suffer'd
                 Perseus
                 to
                 go
                 at
                 large
                 ,
                 only
                 with
                 a
                 keeper
                 ;
                 a
                 punishment
                 less
                 than
                 his
                 demerit
                 ,
                 who
                 against
                 the
                 Faith
                 of
                 his
                 League
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Obligation
                 of
                 his
                 Kindred
                 and
                 Alliance
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 had
                 most
                 unjustly
                 made
                 War
                 upon
                 them
                 ;
                 and
                 they
                 set
                 Free
                 all
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 (
                 whom
                 by
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 Arms
                 they
                 might
                 have
                 made
                 perpetual
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 )
                 and
                 with
                 that
                 readiness
                 and
                 nobleness
                 of
                 Mind
                 ,
                 beyond
                 all
                 that
                 the
                 Conquer'd
                 themselves
                 could
                 have
                 desir'd
                 .
                 The
                 Illyrians
                 likewise
                 whom
                 they
                 had
                 Subdu'd
                 ,
                 they
                 suffer'd
                 to
                 use
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 made
                 it
                 more
                 their
                 concern
                 to
                 do
                 what
                 became
                 the
                 Majesty
                 and
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 in
                 carrying
                 it
                 Nobly
                 towards
                 others
                 ,
                 without
                 Pride
                 and
                 Insolency
                 in
                 Prosperity
                 ,
                 than
                 that
                 they
                 look'd
                 upon
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 any
                 way
                 worthy
                 of
                 such
                 Favour
                 .
              
               
                 63.
                 
                 The
                 Senate
                 decreed
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 and
                 Illyrians
                 to
                 be
                 free
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 pay
                 but
                 half
                 of
                 that
                 Tribute
                 to
                 Romans
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 paid
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Kings
                 .
              
               
                 64.
                 
                 Perseus
                 thus
                 thrown
                 into
                 the
                 Goal
                 ,
                 miserably
                 ended
                 his
                 days
                 in
                 such
                 sad
                 and
                 uncomfortable
                 Circumstances
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 rest
                 is
                 to
                 be
                 found
                 in
                 the
                 Fragments
                 ,
                 Book
                 31.
                 in
                 Photius
                 his
                 Bibliotheca
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 
                   Diodorus
                   Siculus
                   .
                   Fragm
                
                 .
                 2.
                 
              
               
                 65.
                 
                 The
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Gauls
                 being
                 return'd
                 from
                 the
                 pursuit
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 ,
                 gather'd
                 the
                 Captives
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 committed
                 a
                 most
                 horrid
                 piece
                 of
                 Wickedness
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 pickt
                 out
                 the
                 Choicest
                 and
                 Strongest
                 young
                 Men
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 Sacrific'd
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 the
                 Immortal
                 Dieties
                 are
                 pleas'd
                 with
                 such
                 Sacrifices
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 he
                 shot
                 to
                 death
                 with
                 Darts
                 ,
                 (
                 most
                 of
                 whom
                 of
                 Ancient
                 acquaintance
                 )
                 he
                 well
                 knew
                 ;
                 however
                 former
                 Friendship
                 was
                 no
                 Argument
                 to
                 spare
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 Thus
                 are
                 Barbarians
                 puft
                 up
                 with
                 prosperous
                 Successes
                 .
              
               
                 66.
                 
                 Eumenes
                 far
                 different
                 from
                 Perseus
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 paid
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 what
                 was
                 their
                 due
                 Pay
                 ,
                 but
                 bestow'd
                 on
                 them
                 several
                 Gifts
                 besides
                 ,
                 with
                 promises
                 of
                 more
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 whereby
                 he
                 gain'd
                 all
                 their
                 Hearts
                 ,
                 and
                 held
                 them
                 fast
                 to
                 his
                 Interest
                 .
                 But
                 Perseus
                 when
                 20000
                 Galls
                 were
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 ready
                 to
                 assist
                 him
                 ,
                 through
                 his
                 niggardliness
                 refus'd
                 their
                 aid
                 and
                 assistance
                 ;
                 but
                 Aeumenes
                 ,
                 tho'
                 he
                 was
                 nothing
                 near
                 so
                 rich
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 oblig'd
                 his
                 Mercenaries
                 and
                 all
                 others
                 that
                 might
                 be
                 helpful
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 his
                 Bounty
                 and
                 Liberality
                 And
                 therefore
                 Perseus
                 sinking
                 below
                 the
                 Generosity
                 of
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 enslaving
                 himself
                 to
                 a
                 covetous
                 and
                 sordid
                 Parsimony
                 ,
                 liv'd
                 to
                 see
                 all
                 the
                 Wealth
                 he
                 had
                 heap'd
                 up
                 together
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Kingdom
                 fall
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 Conqueror
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 preferring
                 Victory
                 before
                 any
                 thing
                 else
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 freed
                 his
                 own
                 Kingdom
                 from
                 the
                 imminent
                 dangers
                 it
                 labour'd
                 under
                 ,
                 but
                 brought
                 the
                 whole
                 Nation
                 of
                 the
                 Gauls
                 into
                 subjection
                 .
              
               
                 67.
                 
                 Some
                 of
                 the
                 Councils
                 and
                 Acts
                 of
                 Antiochus
                 were
                 both
                 Princely
                 ,
                 and
                 admirable
                 ,
                 others
                 
                 so
                 poor
                 and
                 mean
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 justly
                 despis'd
                 and
                 ridicul'd
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 he
                 celebrated
                 publick
                 Games
                 ,
                 he
                 first
                 acted
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 manner
                 and
                 practice
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 Kings
                 :
                 for
                 they
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 strengthening
                 themselves
                 all
                 they
                 could
                 with
                 Men
                 and
                 Money
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 their
                 greatest
                 care
                 to
                 keep
                 all
                 private
                 and
                 secret
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Greatness
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 invited
                 to
                 his
                 Sports
                 the
                 most
                 eminent
                 Persons
                 from
                 all
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 Magnificently
                 Adorn'd
                 every
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Palace
                 ;
                 and
                 thus
                 bringing
                 together
                 all
                 the
                 Riches
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 into
                 one
                 place
                 to
                 be
                 expos'd
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 wereupon
                 a
                 Stage
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 view
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 he
                 occasion'd
                 every
                 thing
                 he
                 did
                 to
                 be
                 known
                 and
                 blaz'd
                 abroad
                 .
              
               
                 68.
                 
                 And
                 in
                 the
                 State
                 ,
                 Grandeur
                 ,
                 and
                 variety
                 of
                 those
                 famous
                 
                   Games
                   ,
                   Antiochus
                
                 far
                 excell'd
                 
                 all
                 the
                 Princes
                 that
                 ever
                 were
                 before
                 him
                 :
                 But
                 that
                 part
                 which
                 he
                 himself
                 acted
                 in
                 those
                 Maygames
                 ,
                 was
                 very
                 despicable
                 and
                 contemptible
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 would
                 ride
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 among
                 all
                 that
                 Solemn
                 Assembly
                 upon
                 a
                 little
                 Nag
                 ,
                 meanly
                 accoutred
                 ,
                 bidding
                 some
                 go
                 on
                 ,
                 others
                 to
                 stop
                 ,
                 and
                 Commanding
                 this
                 and
                 that
                 ,
                 as
                 best
                 pleas'd
                 his
                 own
                 fancy
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 if
                 his
                 Diadem
                 had
                 been
                 off
                 ,
                 none
                 would
                 have
                 believ'd
                 him
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 who
                 scarce
                 represented
                 the
                 Garb
                 and
                 Meen
                 of
                 a
                 common
                 *
                 Officer
                 .
                 All
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 publick
                 Entertainment
                 he
                 stood
                 at
                 the
                 Door
                 ,
                 and
                 introduc'd
                 some
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 others
                 to
                 sit
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 Usher'd
                 in
                 the
                 Servants
                 that
                 brought
                 in
                 the
                 Dishes
                 .
                 Some
                 times
                 also
                 he
                 would
                 go
                 to
                 some
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Guests
                 ,
                 and
                 sit
                 down
                 by
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 othertimes
                 lay
                 himself
                 along
                 on
                 the
                 floor
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 would
                 start
                 up
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 and
                 hop
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 placing
                 dishes
                 of
                 Meat
                 upon
                 the
                 Table
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 times
                 washing
                 the
                 drinking
                 Cups
                 ,
                 and
                 diligently
                 observing
                 every
                 thing
                 round
                 the
                 Room
                 ,
                 would
                 pledge
                 those
                 that
                 drank
                 to
                 him
                 standing
                 ,
                 sporting
                 and
                 jesting
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 merrily
                 dispos'd
                 .
                 When
                 it
                 drew
                 towards
                 Evening
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 were
                 gone
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 wrapt
                 up
                 in
                 Linen
                 and
                 brought
                 in
                 by
                 the
                 Anticks
                 and
                 laid
                 upon
                 the
                 ground
                 ;
                 and
                 presently
                 after
                 (
                 as
                 if
                 he
                 were
                 call'd
                 )
                 he
                 started
                 up
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 naked
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 jocund
                 Humour
                 ,
                 danced
                 
                 in
                 most
                 ridiculous
                 Gestures
                 with
                 the
                 Mimicks
                 and
                 Stage-Players
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 as
                 all
                 being
                 dasht
                 out
                 of
                 countenance
                 through
                 shame
                 withdrew
                 and
                 left
                 the
                 place
                 .
                 Every
                 one
                 indeed
                 that
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Solemnity
                 ,
                 as
                 often
                 as
                 they
                 cast
                 their
                 Eyes
                 upon
                 the
                 sumptuous
                 Furniture
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Stately
                 and
                 Magnificent
                 Order
                 and
                 Disposal
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Celebration
                 of
                 the
                 Sports
                 and
                 Games
                 ,
                 admir'd
                 both
                 the
                 King
                 and
                 the
                 Riches
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 lookt
                 upon
                 the
                 King
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Irregular
                 Actions
                 ,
                 they
                 scarce
                 believ'd
                 it
                 was
                 possible
                 there
                 could
                 so
                 many
                 Vices
                 and
                 Virtues
                 be
                 found
                 to
                 Concenter
                 in
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 Person
                 .
              
               
                 69.
                 
                 When
                 the
                 Solemnity
                 was
                 ended
                 
                   Tiberius
                   Gracchus
                
                 arriv'd
                 as
                 an
                 Ambassador
                 sent
                 to
                 inspect
                 into
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Syria
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 King
                 receiv'd
                 and
                 entertain'd
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 
                 Kindness
                 and
                 Civility
                 ,
                 that
                 Gracchus
                 did
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 suspect
                 any
                 ill
                 Designs
                 in
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 nor
                 discern'd
                 that
                 he
                 took
                 any
                 thing
                 amiss
                 in
                 relation
                 to
                 what
                 was
                 done
                 in
                 Aegypt
                 .
                 But
                 Antiochus
                 in
                 truth
                 was
                 far
                 from
                 such
                 a
                 Temper
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 altogether
                 a
                 Mortal
                 Enemy
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
              
               
                 70
                 Ptolemy
                 being
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 and
                 on
                 his
                 Journey
                 to
                 Rome
                 by
                 land
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 made
                 known
                 to
                 Demetrius
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Seleucus
                 ,
                 who
                 surpriz'd
                 with
                 his
                 misfortune
                 ,
                 gave
                 
                 an
                 instance
                 of
                 his
                 Royal
                 and
                 Generous
                 disposition
                 .
                 For
                 forthwith
                 ,
                 attended
                 with
                 his
                 Servants
                 ,
                 and
                 taking
                 with
                 him
                 a
                 Royal
                 Robe
                 ,
                 a
                 Diadem
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Horse
                 Adorn'd
                 with
                 Trappings
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 meet
                 Ptolemy
                 ,
                 and
                 came
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 at
                 the
                 *
                 26th
                 .
                 Stone
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 whom
                 (
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 courteously
                 embrac'd
                 him
                 )
                 he
                 advis'd
                 to
                 put
                 
                 on
                 the
                 Royal
                 Robes
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 make
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 Ensigns
                 of
                 Royalty
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 enter
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 as
                 became
                 the
                 Dignity
                 of
                 his
                 Person
                 ,
                 left
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 despis'd
                 :
                 Ptolemy
                 was
                 much
                 taken
                 with
                 him
                 for
                 his
                 extraordinary
                 Kindness
                 ;
                 but
                 was
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 accepting
                 what
                 was
                 offer'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 intreated
                 Demetrius
                 he
                 might
                 rather
                 stop
                 ,
                 and
                 take
                 up
                 his
                 Lodgings
                 at
                 some
                 small
                 Village
                 in
                 the
                 way
                 .
              
               
                 71.
                 
                 Antipater
                 having
                 breathed
                 out
                 his
                 last
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 these
                 Torments
                 ,
                 they
                 bring
                 
                 Asclepiades
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 crying
                 out
                 that
                 Timotheus
                 was
                 the
                 Contriver
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Scene
                 of
                 this
                 mischief
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 through
                 his
                 persuasions
                 that
                 the
                 young
                 Man
                 so
                 impiously
                 and
                 unjustly
                 put
                 his
                 Brother
                 to
                 death
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 when
                 all
                 the
                 Great
                 Men
                 and
                 Commanders
                 began
                 to
                 smell
                 out
                 the
                 whole
                 Design
                 and
                 Contrivance
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 commiserate
                 the
                 sad
                 condition
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 suffered
                 such
                 cruel
                 Torments
                 ;
                 Timotheus
                 was
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 fright
                 ,
                 and
                 loos'd
                 the
                 rest
                 that
                 were
                 condemn'd
                 from
                 their
                 Torments
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 put
                 them
                 privately
                 to
                 death
                 .
              
               
                 72.
                 
                 Philopater
                 sirnam'd
                 Ariarathes
                 being
                 now
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 after
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 the
                 first
                 thing
                 he
                 did
                 was
                 the
                 Celebrating
                 his
                 Father's
                 Funeral
                 in
                 great
                 Pomp
                 and
                 State
                 ;
                 afterwards
                 caressing
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 Great
                 Officers
                 and
                 Commanders
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 he
                 gain'd
                 the
                 good
                 Will
                 of
                 all
                 sorts
                 .
              
               
                 73.
                 
                 When
                 *
                 Ariarathes
                 had
                 restor'd
                 Mithrobuzanes
                 to
                 his
                 Father's
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 Artaxias
                 
                 King
                 of
                 Armenia
                 still
                 infected
                 with
                 his
                 old
                 vice
                 of
                 Covetousness
                 ,
                 sent
                 an
                 Ambassador
                 to
                 Ariarathes
                 to
                 sollicit
                 him
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 and
                 kill
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Brothers
                 that
                 were
                 then
                 in
                 his
                 hands
                 ,
                 and
                 divide
                 *
                 Sophene
                 between
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 Ariarathes
                 greatly
                 abhorr'd
                 such
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Cruelty
                 and
                 Treachery
                 ,
                 and
                 smartly
                 rebuk'd
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 and
                 writ
                 a
                 Letter
                 to
                 Artaxias
                 ,
                 wherein
                 he
                 advis'd
                 him
                 to
                 forbear
                 such
                 wicked
                 practices
                 ;
                 which
                 Carriage
                 of
                 Ariarathes
                 much
                 advanc'd
                 his
                 Fame
                 and
                 Reputation
                 ;
                 and
                 Mithrobuzanes
                 through
                 the
                 faithfulness
                 and
                 integrity
                 of
                 him
                 to
                 whom
                 he
                 fled
                 for
                 shelter
                 ,
                 regain'd
                 his
                 Father's
                 Kingdom
                 .
              
               
                 74.
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Aemilius
                
                 who
                 conquer'd
                 Perseus
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 a
                 Consul
                 and
                 Censor
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 bravest
                 Man
                 of
                 his
                 Age
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 dy'd
                 about
                 this
                 time
                 ;
                 whose
                 death
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 generally
                 known
                 ,
                 especially
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 his
                 Funeral
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 such
                 a
                 general
                 Sorrow
                 and
                 Lamentation
                 ,
                 that
                 not
                 only
                 Artificers
                 and
                 other
                 sorts
                 of
                 common
                 People
                 flock'd
                 together
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Senate
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 prepar'd
                 every
                 thing
                 that
                 was
                 necessary
                 for
                 the
                 Gracing
                 of
                 his
                 Funeral
                 .
                 And
                 all
                 Persons
                 of
                 the
                 Free
                 Towns
                 and
                 Cities
                 bordering
                 upon
                 Rome
                 ,
                 that
                 could
                 posibly
                 attend
                 at
                 the
                 day
                 ,
                 came
                 in
                 flocking
                 together
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 see
                 and
                 honour
                 the
                 Solemnity
                 .
              
               
                 75.
                 
                 Such
                 as
                 Aemilius
                 was
                 reported
                 for
                 his
                 Wealth
                 while
                 he
                 liv'd
                 ,
                 such
                 he
                 appear'd
                 to
                 be
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 dead
                 .
                 For
                 tho'
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 only
                 Person
                 in
                 his
                 time
                 that
                 enricht
                 the
                 Treasury
                 at
                 Rome
                 with
                 plenty
                 of
                 Gold
                 ,
                 brought
                 with
                 him
                 out
                 of
                 *
                 Spain
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Riches
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 cloath'd
                 with
                 absolute
                 Authority
                 in
                 all
                 those
                 places
                 ;
                 yet
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 converting
                 any
                 thing
                 to
                 his
                 private
                 use
                 ,
                 that
                 when
                 his
                 two
                 adopted
                 Sons
                 ,
                 after
                 his
                 death
                 ,
                 possess'd
                 themselves
                 of
                 his
                 Estate
                 ;
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Goods
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 raise
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 would
                 be
                 sufficient
                 to
                 satisfie
                 his
                 Wife
                 her
                 just
                 Dowry
                 ,
                 without
                 selling
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Land
                 ,
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 some
                 have
                 preferr'd
                 him
                 for
                 his
                 Abstemiousness
                 
                 and
                 freedom
                 from
                 Covetousness
                 before
                 Aristides
                 and
                 Epaminondas
                 that
                 were
                 so
                 famous
                 and
                 eminent
                 among
                 the
                 Grecians
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 only
                 refus'd
                 Money
                 that
                 was
                 offer'd
                 them
                 by
                 such
                 as
                 thereby
                 design'd
                 and
                 aim'd
                 at
                 their
                 own
                 advantage
                 ;
                 but
                 this
                 Man
                 medled
                 not
                 with
                 any
                 thing
                 where
                 he
                 had
                 possession
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 might
                 have
                 taken
                 to
                 his
                 use
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 he
                 pleas'd
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 if
                 any
                 look
                 upon
                 this
                 as
                 a
                 thing
                 incredible
                 ,
                 let
                 such
                 consider
                 that
                 they
                 must
                 not
                 judge
                 of
                 the
                 Sobriety
                 and
                 Moderation
                 of
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Romans
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 griping
                 Covetousness
                 of
                 those
                 at
                 this
                 day
                 .
                 For
                 in
                 truth
                 in
                 this
                 our
                 Age
                 the
                 Romans
                 exceed
                 all
                 other
                 Nations
                 in
                 their
                 Insatiableness
                 after
                 Riches
                 .
                 But
                 since
                 we
                 now
                 revive
                 the
                 memory
                 of
                 so
                 excellent
                 a
                 Person
                 ,
                 we
                 shall
                 briefly
                 say
                 something
                 of
                 Scipio
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 he
                 that
                 afterwards
                 raz'd
                 Numantia
                 ,
                 lest
                 ignorance
                 of
                 his
                 Care
                 and
                 Diligence
                 in
                 the
                 Study
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 excellent
                 ,
                 and
                 commendable
                 Arts
                 and
                 Sciences
                 ,
                 should
                 occasion
                 Incredulity
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 attain
                 to
                 such
                 an
                 Eminency
                 in
                 all
                 virtuous
                 Qualifications
                 .
                 
                   Publius
                   Scipio
                
                 therefore
                 was
                 the
                 natural
                 Son
                 of
                 
                   Lucius
                   Aemilius
                
                 who
                 conquer'd
                 Perseus
                 ,
                 as
                 we
                 have
                 before
                 declar'd
                 ;
                 but
                 was
                 the
                 Adopted
                 Son
                 of
                 Scipio
                 that
                 conquer'd
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 by
                 Adoption
                 
                   Scipio
                   Africanus
                
                 the
                 most
                 Eminent
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Romans
                 that
                 ever
                 were
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 was
                 his
                 Grandfather
                 .
              
               
                 Scipio
                 thus
                 Nobly
                 descended
                 and
                 taken
                 into
                 so
                 famous
                 a
                 Family
                 ,
                 approv'd
                 himself
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 unworthy
                 the
                 Glory
                 and
                 Renown
                 of
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 brought
                 up
                 and
                 instructed
                 from
                 his
                 Childhood
                 in
                 the
                 Learning
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 18
                 years
                 of
                 age
                 ,
                 apply'd
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 study
                 of
                 Philosophy
                 under
                 the
                 Inspection
                 of
                 Polybius
                 of
                 Megalopolis
                 the
                 Historian
                 his
                 Tutor
                 ,
                 with
                 whom
                 he
                 continu'd
                 a
                 considerable
                 time
                 ;
                 and
                 increasing
                 in
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 excell'd
                 his
                 equals
                 in
                 years
                 ,
                 but
                 those
                 far
                 elder
                 than
                 himself
                 ,
                 in
                 Sobriety
                 ,
                 Affableness
                 ,
                 Generosity
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 other
                 virtnous
                 qualifications
                 .
                 But
                 before
                 he
                 fell
                 to
                 the
                 study
                 of
                 Philosophy
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 every
                 bodies
                 Opinion
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 but
                 dull
                 and
                 blockish
                 ,
                 very
                 unworthy
                 to
                 be
                 Heir
                 to
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Family
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 place
                 he
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 chief
                 Care
                 and
                 Business
                 to
                 be
                 Sober
                 ,
                 as
                 conducing
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 commendation
                 of
                 his
                 youthful
                 age
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 then
                 at
                 his
                 years
                 a
                 very
                 difficult
                 Task
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Youth
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 were
                 hurried
                 away
                 by
                 filthy
                 Lusts
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Excess
                 of
                 intemperance
                 ,
                 with
                 an
                 impetuous
                 Current
                 ,
                 some
                 to
                 Sodomy
                 ,
                 others
                 to
                 Whores
                 ,
                 Gluttony
                 ,
                 Drunkenness
                 ,
                 Revellings
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 Luxurious
                 and
                 Voluptuous
                 Courses
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Romans
                 presently
                 learnt
                 the
                 Effeminate
                 Manners
                 of
                 the
                 Greeks
                 in
                 this
                 kind
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 long
                 continuance
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 War
                 ;
                 and
                 besides
                 ,
                 having
                 gain'd
                 abundance
                 of
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 plentifully
                 supply'd
                 with
                 Fuel
                 to
                 seed
                 their
                 Luxury
                 .
              
               
                 76.
                 
                 But
                 Scipio
                 following
                 another
                 course
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 combating
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 natural
                 corrupt
                 Lusts
                 ,
                 as
                 with
                 so
                 many
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 within
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Five
                 years
                 attain'd
                 to
                 a
                 fix'd
                 and
                 habitual
                 state
                 of
                 Sobriety
                 and
                 Temperance
                 .
                 To
                 which
                 all
                 giving
                 their
                 Testimony
                 ,
                 and
                 generally
                 crying
                 him
                 up
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 ,
                 he
                 then
                 put
                 forth
                 himself
                 in
                 acts
                 of
                 Bounty
                 ,
                 Generosity
                 ,
                 and
                 Liberality
                 in
                 distributing
                 his
                 Money
                 for
                 the
                 good
                 of
                 others
                 :
                 For
                 which
                 sort
                 of
                 Virtue
                 he
                 had
                 an
                 Example
                 in
                 his
                 Father
                 Aemilius
                 ,
                 under
                 whose
                 instruction
                 he
                 was
                 long
                 bred
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 now
                 exhibited
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 ,
                 a
                 perfect
                 Copy
                 of
                 his
                 Virtue
                 :
                 But
                 Fortune
                 likewise
                 presented
                 him
                 an
                 Eminent
                 occasion
                 of
                 expressing
                 his
                 Liberality
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 Aemilia
                 the
                 Wife
                 of
                 Great
                 Scipio
                 ,
                 the
                 Sister
                 of
                 Aemilius
                 who
                 conquer'd
                 Perseus
                 ,
                 dy'd
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 a
                 great
                 Estate
                 behind
                 her
                 ,
                 of
                 which
                 Scipio
                 was
                 Heir
                 ;
                 he
                 first
                 gave
                 an
                 instance
                 of
                 his
                 generous
                 disposition
                 upon
                 this
                 occasion
                 .
                 For
                 his
                 Mother
                 Papiria
                 being
                 cast
                 off
                 long
                 before
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 had
                 liv'd
                 a
                 considerable
                 time
                 separate
                 from
                 her
                 Husband
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 far
                 meaner
                 condition
                 than
                 became
                 one
                 of
                 her
                 Noble
                 Birth
                 :
                 But
                 Aemilia
                 the
                 Mother
                 of
                 his
                 adopted
                 Father
                 leaving
                 behind
                 her
                 a
                 great
                 Inheritance
                 ,
                 besides
                 other
                 Riches
                 ,
                 had
                 a
                 rich
                 Robe
                 and
                 Womans
                 Gown
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 a
                 splendid
                 Retinue
                 of
                 Houshold-Servants
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 the
                 Wife
                 of
                 the
                 Great
                 Scipio
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 Sharer
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 Estate
                 and
                 Fortune
                 :
                 All
                 these
                 Scipio
                 Nobly
                 bestow'd
                 upon
                 his
                 Mother
                 ;
                 in
                 which
                 stately
                 Habit
                 ,
                 when
                 she
                 appear'd
                 in
                 publick
                 amongst
                 the
                 Ladies
                 of
                 Quality
                 ,
                 the
                 Bounty
                 and
                 Generosity
                 of
                 the
                 young
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Piety
                 towards
                 his
                 Mother
                 was
                 highly
                 applauded
                 ,
                 First
                 among
                 the
                 Women
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 among
                 all
                 Companies
                 and
                 Societies
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 throughout
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 .
                 This
                 piece
                 of
                 Liberality
                 was
                 lookt
                 upon
                 by
                 the
                 whole
                 City
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 as
                 a
                 thing
                 commendable
                 ,
                 but
                 even
                 wonderful
                 ,
                 especially
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 City
                 none
                 easily
                 parts
                 with
                 any
                 thing
                 they
                 have
                 to
                 another
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 there
                 being
                 a
                 great
                 sum
                 of
                 Money
                 owing
                 to
                 the
                 Daughters
                 of
                 the
                 Great
                 Scipio
                 ,
                 as
                 their
                 *
                 Dowries
                 ;
                 and
                 whereas
                 by
                 the
                 Roman
                 Laws
                 the
                 Party
                 that
                 was
                 to
                 pay
                 such
                 Portions
                 ,
                 had
                 liberty
                 to
                 pay
                 them
                 in
                 Three
                 years
                 time
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 certain
                 proportion
                 every
                 year
                 ,
                 he
                 paid
                 the
                 whole
                 down
                 at
                 once
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 when
                 his
                 natural
                 Father
                 Aemilius
                 was
                 dead
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 and
                 his
                 Brother
                 Fabius
                 were
                 constituted
                 joint
                 Heirs
                 of
                 his
                 Estate
                 ,
                 Scipio
                 did
                 another
                 Honourable
                 Act
                 ,
                 well
                 
                 worthy
                 to
                 be
                 remembred
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 he
                 knew
                 that
                 his
                 Brother
                 had
                 far
                 less
                 than
                 himself
                 ,
                 he
                 freely
                 bestow'd
                 upon
                 him
                 his
                 own
                 share
                 of
                 the
                 Inheritance
                 ,
                 amounting
                 to
                 above
                 Sixty
                 Talents
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 made
                 his
                 Brother
                 as
                 rich
                 as
                 himself
                 ;
                 which
                 Act
                 being
                 generally
                 cry'd
                 up
                 ,
                 he
                 did
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 further
                 remarkable
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 Fabius
                 was
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 exhibit
                 single
                 Combats
                 by
                 Gladiators
                 at
                 the
                 Funeral
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 yet
                 was
                 not
                 well
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 the
                 great
                 Charge
                 it
                 would
                 require
                 ,
                 Scipio
                 bore
                 half
                 of
                 the
                 Cost
                 and
                 Expence
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Purse
                 .
                 A
                 little
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 when
                 his
                 Mother
                 died
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 taking
                 again
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 bestow'd
                 on
                 her
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 gave
                 not
                 only
                 them
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Mother's
                 Inheritance
                 to
                 his
                 Sisters
                 ,
                 altho'
                 no
                 part
                 of
                 her
                 Estate
                 by
                 the
                 Laws
                 ,
                 belong'd
                 to
                 them
                 .
                 Thus
                 Scipio
                 being
                 cry'd
                 up
                 by
                 the
                 unanimous
                 Consent
                 of
                 all
                 Persons
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 generosity
                 ,
                 he
                 grew
                 every
                 day
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 famous
                 and
                 renown'd
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 attain'd
                 unto
                 ,
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 by
                 greatness
                 of
                 Expence
                 ,
                 as
                 by
                 choice
                 of
                 fit
                 opportunities
                 to
                 express
                 his
                 Kindnesses
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Art
                 in
                 Conferring
                 of
                 his
                 Gifts
                 and
                 Benefits
                 ,
                 upon
                 proper
                 Objects
                 .
              
               
                 He
                 gain'd
                 likewise
                 a
                 just
                 Reputation
                 for
                 his
                 Chastity
                 without
                 any
                 Cost
                 or
                 Charge
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 by
                 his
                 Moderation
                 and
                 Sobriety
                 ,
                 from
                 whence
                 likewise
                 he
                 reapt
                 the
                 great
                 Benefit
                 of
                 Health
                 and
                 Strength
                 of
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 following
                 this
                 Course
                 all
                 his
                 life
                 long
                 ,
                 he
                 injoy'd
                 a
                 Reward
                 of
                 his
                 Temperance
                 with
                 great
                 pleasure
                 and
                 delight
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 for
                 all
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 Valour
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 a
                 Virtue
                 absolutely
                 necessary
                 every
                 where
                 ,
                 especially
                 among
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 wanting
                 or
                 negligent
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 respect
                 Fortune
                 affording
                 him
                 a
                 special
                 opportunity
                 to
                 approve
                 himself
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 Kings
                 being
                 much
                 given
                 to
                 Hunting
                 ,
                 Scipio
                 by
                 far
                 surpass'd
                 them
                 all
                 .
              
               
                 77.
                 
                 After
                 that
                 the
                 Romans
                 had
                 Conquer'd
                 *
                 Perseus
                 ,
                 they
                 put
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 death
                 
                 who
                 had
                 sided
                 with
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 they
                 sent
                 to
                 Rome
                 .
                 But
                 Charopus
                 being
                 cloth'd
                 with
                 an
                 absolute
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 in
                 Epirus
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 great
                 favourer
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 at
                 first
                 dealt
                 with
                 the
                 Epirots
                 something
                 gently
                 and
                 mildly
                 ,
                 but
                 afterwards
                 growing
                 every
                 day
                 more
                 proud
                 and
                 insolent
                 ,
                 he
                 turn'd
                 every
                 thing
                 in
                 Epirus
                 upside
                 down
                 .
                 For
                 by
                 false
                 Accusations
                 against
                 the
                 richest
                 Men
                 he
                 banish'd
                 some
                 ,
                 put
                 others
                 to
                 death
                 and
                 Confiscated
                 their
                 Goods
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 squeez'd
                 Money
                 from
                 Men
                 ,
                 but
                 from
                 Women
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 his
                 Mother
                 Philota
                 ;
                 who
                 was
                 more
                 than
                 a
                 Woman
                 in
                 Cruelty
                 and
                 Wickedness
                 .
                 Many
                 likewise
                 who
                 were
                 accus'd
                 to
                 be
                 plotting
                 against
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 up
                 into
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 all
                 Condemn'd
                 to
                 die
                 .
              
               
                 78.
                 
                 Orofernes
                 having
                 depos'd
                 his
                 Brother
                 Ariarathes
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 ought
                 to
                 have
                 manag'd
                 
                 his
                 Affairs
                 with
                 the
                 greatest
                 prudence
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 and
                 ingratiated
                 himself
                 into
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 his
                 People
                 by
                 Kindness
                 and
                 Acts
                 of
                 Grace
                 and
                 Favour
                 ,
                 intended
                 no
                 such
                 Matter
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 wholly
                 intent
                 on
                 scraping
                 up
                 Money
                 together
                 ,
                 he
                 wickedly
                 put
                 many
                 to
                 death
                 ;
                 he
                 gave
                 to
                 Timotheus
                 Fifty
                 ,
                 and
                 King
                 Demetrius
                 Seventy
                 Talents
                 ,
                 and
                 promis'd
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 to
                 pay
                 other
                 400
                 Talents
                 ,
                 and
                 besides
                 to
                 add
                 to
                 them
                 600
                 more
                 :
                 At
                 which
                 ,
                 discerning
                 that
                 the
                 Cappadocians
                 were
                 greatly
                 incens'd
                 ,
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 Rob
                 and
                 Spoil
                 every
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 Confiscate
                 the
                 Goods
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 ;
                 and
                 having
                 Treasur'd
                 up
                 a
                 vast
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 he
                 intrusted
                 400
                 Talents
                 with
                 the
                 Pirenians
                 ,
                 to
                 serve
                 him
                 at
                 a
                 Turn
                 ,
                 and
                 Change
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 afterwards
                 faithfully
                 repaid
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 79.
                 
                 Ptolemy
                 the
                 Elder
                 ,
                 having
                 presently
                 by
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 his
                 Forces
                 penn'd
                 up
                 his
                 *
                 Brother
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 *
                 close
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 reduc'd
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 Extremity
                 ,
                 yet
                 pardon'd
                 him
                 ;
                 induc'd
                 thereunto
                 ,
                 both
                 by
                 his
                 natural
                 Clemency
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 nearness
                 of
                 Relation
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 awe
                 and
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 did
                 not
                 only
                 pardon
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 entred
                 into
                 a
                 League
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 which
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 content
                 as
                 the
                 younger
                 Brother
                 with
                 Cyrene
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 certain
                 proportion
                 of
                 Wheat
                 every
                 Year
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 a
                 War
                 between
                 Brothers
                 ,
                 which
                 had
                 wholly
                 alienated
                 their
                 Affections
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 continu'd
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 hazard
                 of
                 them
                 both
                 ,
                 was
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 ended
                 upon
                 moderate
                 Terms
                 and
                 Conditions
                 .
              
               
                 80.
                 
                 When
                 Orofernes
                 discern'd
                 that
                 his
                 Affairs
                 declin'd
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 worse
                 ,
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 
                 satisfie
                 his
                 Mercenary
                 Soldiers
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 lest
                 they
                 should
                 Mutiny
                 ,
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 their
                 Pay
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 at
                 present
                 straitn'd
                 through
                 scarcity
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 necessitated
                 to
                 rifle
                 Jupiter's
                 Temple
                 ,
                 scituated
                 at
                 the
                 Foot
                 of
                 Mount
                 Ariadne
                 ,
                 which
                 before
                 had
                 been
                 ever
                 preserv'd
                 Sacred
                 and
                 Inviolable
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 this
                 means
                 he
                 paid
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 all
                 their
                 Arrears
                 .
              
               
                 81.
                 
                 Prusias
                 King
                 of
                 Bithynia
                 ,
                 being
                 altogether
                 disappointed
                 in
                 his
                 Design
                 of
                 taking
                 Attalus
                 ,
                 destroy'd
                 and
                 laid
                 waste
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Grove
                 call'd
                 Nicheporius
                 ,
                 which
                 lay
                 under
                 
                 the
                 Walls
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 rifled
                 the
                 Temple
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 away
                 the
                 Statues
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Images
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 among
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 the
                 famous
                 Statue
                 of
                 Aesculapius
                 ,
                 said
                 to
                 
                 be
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 curious
                 Pieces
                 of
                 Phipomachus
                 ,
                 and
                 robb'd
                 the
                 Place
                 of
                 all
                 its
                 sacred
                 and
                 consecrated
                 Goods
                 and
                 Treasure
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 sacrilege
                 ,
                 the
                 Gods
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 inflicted
                 upon
                 him
                 deserv'd
                 punishment
                 :
                 For
                 most
                 of
                 his
                 Land
                 Army
                 perish'd
                 by
                 the
                 Bloody
                 Flux
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 like
                 Calamity
                 hapned
                 to
                 his
                 Naval
                 Forces
                 ,
                 for
                 by
                 a
                 sudden
                 Storm
                 in
                 the
                 Propontis
                 ,
                 most
                 of
                 his
                 Ships
                 with
                 their
                 Soldiers
                 and
                 Rowers
                 together
                 were
                 Sunk
                 ;
                 and
                 some
                 few
                 were
                 cast
                 upon
                 the
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 Shipwrackt
                 .
                 And
                 these
                 were
                 the
                 first
                 punishments
                 inflicted
                 upon
                 Prusias
                 for
                 his
                 Impiety
                 .
              
               
                 82.
                 
                 The
                 Cretians
                 arriving
                 at
                 Siphnus
                 ,
                 besieg'd
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 partly
                 
                 through
                 fear
                 ,
                 and
                 partly
                 through
                 feign'd
                 and
                 and
                 deceitful
                 promises
                 admitted
                 them
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 the
                 Cretians
                 first
                 promising
                 that
                 none
                 of
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 should
                 receive
                 the
                 least
                 prejudice
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 enter'd
                 ,
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 usual
                 Treachery
                 and
                 Perfidiousness
                 of
                 the
                 Cretians
                 ,
                 they
                 both
                 carri'd
                 them
                 all
                 away
                 Captives
                 ,
                 and
                 rifled
                 and
                 robb'd
                 all
                 the
                 Temples
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 loaded
                 with
                 spoil
                 hois'd
                 up
                 Sail
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 back
                 for
                 Crete
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 ,
                 they
                 paid
                 Dear
                 for
                 this
                 Treachery
                 ,
                 the
                 Gods
                 presently
                 executing
                 Vengeance
                 upon
                 them
                 for
                 their
                 Impiety
                 ;
                 for
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 some
                 Enemies
                 that
                 overpowr'd
                 them
                 in
                 Shipping
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 loose
                 out
                 of
                 Harbour
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 of
                 their
                 Ships
                 by
                 a
                 sudden
                 Storm
                 were
                 sunk
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 were
                 cast
                 upon
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 dasht
                 in
                 pieces
                 upon
                 the
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 where
                 all
                 in
                 them
                 miserably
                 perished
                 ;
                 some
                 few
                 that
                 consented
                 not
                 to
                 this
                 perfidious
                 dealing
                 escap'd
                 .
              
               
                 83.
                 
                 Philip
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Amyntas
                 ,
                 coming
                 to
                 a
                 Kingdom
                 then
                 Subject
                 and
                 Tributary
                 to
                 the
                 Illyrians
                 by
                 his
                 Arms
                 and
                 skill
                 in
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 restor'd
                 it
                 to
                 its
                 former
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 mild
                 and
                 gentle
                 Usage
                 of
                 those
                 he
                 subdu'd
                 ,
                 he
                 enlarg'd
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 above
                 any
                 that
                 was
                 in
                 Europe
                 .
                 For
                 having
                 beaten
                 the
                 Athenians
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Battle
                 (
                 who
                 contended
                 with
                 him
                 for
                 the
                 Principality
                 of
                 
                   Greece
                   ,
                
                 )
                 he
                 buried
                 all
                 their
                 dead
                 that
                 fell
                 in
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 whom
                 they
                 had
                 left
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Field
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 back
                 above
                 2000
                 Prisoners
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Redemption
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 they
                 who
                 before
                 had
                 contended
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 hearing
                 of
                 his
                 generous
                 Usage
                 of
                 their
                 fellow
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 voluntarily
                 yielded
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 what
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 accomplish
                 by
                 so
                 many
                 Battles
                 and
                 Hazards
                 ,
                 meerly
                 by
                 his
                 Mildness
                 and
                 Humanity
                 he
                 obtain'd
                 with
                 the
                 free
                 and
                 unanimous
                 Consent
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 .
                 But
                 what
                 he
                 had
                 got
                 ,
                 he
                 afterwards
                 maintain'd
                 ,
                 by
                 striking
                 a
                 Fear
                 and
                 Terrour
                 into
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 raz'd
                 the
                 Populous
                 City
                 of
                 Olynthus
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 his
                 Son
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 deterr'd
                 the
                 Lacedemonians
                 and
                 Athenians
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 plotting
                 against
                 him
                 )
                 from
                 their
                 design'd
                 Revolt
                 .
                 And
                 his
                 Civil
                 and
                 generous
                 Usage
                 of
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 in
                 the
                 Persian
                 War
                 ,
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 the
                 Asiaticks
                 ,
                 not
                 so
                 much
                 by
                 his
                 Valour
                 ,
                 as
                 his
                 Mildness
                 and
                 Humanity
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 later
                 times
                 ,
                 the
                 Romans
                 thirsting
                 after
                 a
                 Universal
                 Monarchy
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 measure
                 obtain'd
                 their
                 ends
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 but
                 their
                 Clemency
                 towards
                 such
                 as
                 they
                 had
                 Conquer'd
                 ,
                 added
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 increase
                 and
                 inlargement
                 of
                 their
                 Conquests
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 or
                 being
                 Rigorous
                 in
                 executing
                 punishment
                 upon
                 those
                 they
                 had
                 Subdu'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 seem'd
                 to
                 carry
                 it
                 towards
                 them
                 rather
                 as
                 Friends
                 ,
                 than
                 as
                 Enemies
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 the
                 Conquer'd
                 expected
                 the
                 utmost
                 severity
                 of
                 Revenge
                 from
                 the
                 Conquerors
                 ,
                 they
                 left
                 no
                 room
                 for
                 any
                 others
                 to
                 exceed
                 them
                 in
                 Humanity
                 ,
                 and
                 Clemency
                 :
                 For
                 some
                 they
                 made
                 Free
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 with
                 others
                 they
                 join'd
                 in
                 Affinity
                 by
                 Marriages
                 ,
                 others
                 they
                 set
                 Free
                 to
                 Govern
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 sum
                 up
                 all
                 ,
                 none
                 underwent
                 any
                 severity
                 by
                 being
                 Conquer'd
                 ,
                 farther
                 than
                 what
                 was
                 fit
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 this
                 extraordinary
                 Clemency
                 ,
                 Kings
                 ,
                 Cities
                 and
                 Countreys
                 ,
                 generally
                 sheltred
                 themselves
                 under
                 the
                 Protection
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 Lords
                 almost
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 World.
                 then
                 they
                 strengthen'd
                 and
                 confirm'd
                 themselves
                 in
                 their
                 Dominions
                 ,
                 by
                 severity
                 ,
                 and
                 razing
                 of
                 Towns
                 and
                 Cities
                 ,
                 to
                 strike
                 a
                 Terrour
                 into
                 their
                 Enemies
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 utterly
                 destroy'd
                 Corinth
                 in
                 
                   Achaiah
                   ,
                   Carthage
                
                 in
                 
                   Africa
                   ,
                   Numantia
                
                 in
                 Spain
                 ,
                 and
                 rooted
                 up
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Ruine
                 of
                 Perseus
                 ,
                 and
                 became
                 a
                 Terror
                 to
                 many
                 .
              
               
                 84.
                 
                 The
                 Romans
                 make
                 it
                 their
                 great
                 Care
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Wars
                 they
                 begin
                 ,
                 be
                 upon
                 just
                 grounds
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 never
                 resolve
                 upon
                 any
                 thing
                 rashly
                 ,
                 or
                 inconsiderately
                 .
              
               
                 85.
                 
                 
                   Publius
                   Scipio
                
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 afterwards
                 sirnamed
                 Africanus
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 then
                 a
                 *
                 Tribune
                 ,
                 when
                 almost
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 made
                 light
                 of
                 their
                 Terms
                 and
                 Articles
                 made
                 with
                 
                 their
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 tho'
                 confirm'd
                 by
                 solemn
                 Oaths
                 ;
                 )
                 most
                 Religiously
                 observ'd
                 and
                 kept
                 his
                 promises
                 with
                 the
                 Besieg'd
                 ,
                 and
                 us'd
                 them
                 with
                 all
                 Humanity
                 and
                 Clemency
                 when
                 they
                 fell
                 into
                 his
                 hands
                 .
                 His
                 Faith
                 and
                 Integrity
                 therefore
                 being
                 nois'd
                 abroad
                 all
                 over
                 Africa
                 ,
                 none
                 surrendred
                 up
                 themselves
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 unless
                 Scipio
                 ,
                 join'd
                 in
                 signing
                 of
                 the
                 Articles
                 .
              
               
               
                 86.
                 
                 When
                 there
                 were
                 only
                 three
                 Romans
                 kill'd
                 in
                 the
                 Skirmish
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 left
                 lying
                 upon
                 the
                 Ground
                 unbury'd
                 ,
                 all
                 were
                 very
                 much
                 troubled
                 and
                 concerned
                 at
                 it
                 .
                 But
                 Scipio
                 with
                 the
                 Consent
                 of
                 the
                 Consul
                 writ
                 a
                 Letter
                 to
                 Hasdrubal
                 ,
                 to
                 desire
                 him
                 to
                 bury
                 those
                 Romans
                 ;
                 who
                 presently
                 order'd
                 the
                 thing
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 all
                 was
                 perform'd
                 sent
                 their
                 Ashes
                 to
                 the
                 Consul
                 ,
                 which
                 added
                 much
                 to
                 the
                 Honour
                 of
                 Scipio
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 whose
                 Authority
                 was
                 prevalent
                 even
                 with
                 the
                 Enemies
                 themselves
                 .
              
               
                 87.
                 
                 The
                 Counterfeit
                 Philip
                 ,
                 having
                 beaten
                 the
                 Romans
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Battle
                 ,
                 became
                 Proud
                 ,
                 Cruel
                 and
                 Tyrannical
                 ;
                 there
                 was
                 not
                 a
                 Wealthy
                 Person
                 which
                 he
                 put
                 not
                 
                 most
                 wickedly
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 upon
                 false
                 Accusations
                 :
                 He
                 spar'd
                 not
                 his
                 own
                 intimate
                 Friends
                 ,
                 but
                 dispatch'd
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Way
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 naturally
                 Fierce
                 and
                 Cruel
                 ,
                 Proud
                 and
                 Haughty
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 Familiar
                 intercourses
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 deeply
                 ingag'd
                 in
                 Covetousness
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Vice.
                 
              
               
                 88.
                 
                 The
                 Romans
                 had
                 such
                 a
                 kindness
                 for
                 
                   Publius
                   Scipio
                
                 ,
                 that
                 tho'
                 neither
                 his
                 Age
                 nor
                 the
                 Laws
                 did
                 qualifie
                 him
                 ,
                 yet
                 they
                 endeavour'd
                 with
                 all
                 their
                 might
                 to
                 Elect
                 him
                 Consul
                 .
              
               
                 89.
                 
                 Calpurnius
                 the
                 Consul
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 some
                 Towns
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 upon
                 Articles
                 ,
                 contrary
                 to
                 the
                 Terms
                 agreed
                 upon
                 ,
                 and
                 against
                 his
                 Faith
                 and
                 Ingagements
                 ,
                 raz'd
                 them
                 
                 to
                 the
                 ground
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 in
                 all
                 his
                 Designs
                 and
                 Contrivances
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 disappointed
                 as
                 a
                 Faithless
                 and
                 Treacherous
                 Person
                 ,
                 as
                 if
                 some
                 Deity
                 set
                 himself
                 against
                 him
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 attempted
                 many
                 things
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 never
                 able
                 to
                 effect
                 any
                 thing
                 ,
              
               
                 90.
                 
                 King
                 Prusias
                 being
                 both
                 of
                 an
                 ugly
                 Visage
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 mean
                 and
                 effeminate
                 Presence
                 ,
                 was
                 mortally
                 hated
                 by
                 the
                 Bythinians
                 .
              
               
                 91.
                 
                 After
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 
                   Carthage
                   ,
                   Scipio
                
                 gave
                 Liberty
                 to
                 the
                 Sicilian
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 search
                 among
                 the
                 Spoils
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 every
                 one
                 to
                 carry
                 back
                 into
                 their
                 several
                 Cities
                 
                 such
                 things
                 as
                 had
                 formerly
                 been
                 taken
                 away
                 from
                 them
                 by
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 were
                 found
                 many
                 Statues
                 and
                 Pictures
                 of
                 famous
                 Men
                 ,
                 of
                 exquisite
                 Workmanship
                 ,
                 besides
                 many
                 things
                 Devoted
                 and
                 Consecrated
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 Silver
                 and
                 others
                 of
                 Gold
                 ;
                 among
                 which
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 famous
                 Phalarian
                 Bull
                 of
                 Agrigentum
                 ,
                 made
                 by
                 Perilaus
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 Phalaris
                 ,
                 who
                 caus'd
                 the
                 Artificer
                 himself
                 to
                 make
                 the
                 first
                 experiment
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Art
                 ,
                 by
                 executing
                 that
                 sort
                 of
                 punishment
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 invented
                 for
                 the
                 Torturing
                 of
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 92.
                 
                 In
                 our
                 time
                 
                   Caius
                   Julius
                   Cesar
                
                 ,
                 sirnamed
                 for
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 his
                 Actions
                 *
                 Divus
                 ,
                 when
                 almost
                 a
                 hundred
                 Years
                 after
                 he
                 saw
                 the
                 Ruins
                 and
                 Rubbish
                 of
                 Corinth
                 ,
                 was
                 so
                 compassionately
                 Affected
                 ,
                 and
                 withal
                 desirous
                 to
                 make
                 himself
                 glorious
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 put
                 forth
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 to
                 rebuild
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 it
                 is
                 but
                 just
                 that
                 the
                 Humanity
                 and
                 Clemency
                 that
                 was
                 eminently
                 in
                 this
                 Man
                 ,
                 should
                 be
                 allow'd
                 its
                 just
                 and
                 due
                 praises
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 his
                 Virtues
                 should
                 be
                 Recorded
                 in
                 History
                 ,
                 for
                 an
                 everlasting
                 remembrance
                 to
                 his
                 eternal
                 Praise
                 and
                 Honour
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 were
                 Extreme
                 in
                 their
                 severity
                 against
                 this
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 rectified
                 their
                 Excesses
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Lenity
                 and
                 Moderation
                 ,
                 preferring
                 Mercy
                 before
                 Cruelty
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 he
                 far
                 excell'd
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 ever
                 before
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Greatness
                 of
                 his
                 Actions
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 Virtuous
                 Qualifications
                 ,
                 was
                 sirnamed
                 Divus
                 .
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 this
                 Man
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 Famous
                 and
                 Renown'd
                 for
                 Eminency
                 of
                 Birth
                 ,
                 Fluency
                 of
                 Tongue
                 ,
                 the
                 Art
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 Contempt
                 of
                 Riches
                 ,
                 of
                 any
                 whatsoever
                 that
                 was
                 in
                 his
                 Age.
                 
              
               
                 93.
                 
                 Viriathus
                 of
                 Lusitania
                 ,
                 the
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 Robbers
                 ,
                 was
                 just
                 and
                 exact
                 in
                 distributing
                 the
                 Spoil
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 who
                 had
                 valiantly
                 behaved
                 themselves
                 in
                 Battle
                 ,
                 he
                 would
                 
                 liberally
                 reward
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 several
                 Merits
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 never
                 converted
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 publick
                 Moneys
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 private
                 use
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 Lusitanians
                 never
                 shrunk
                 or
                 drew
                 back
                 from
                 any
                 hazardous
                 undertaking
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 Commanded
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 their
                 Leader
                 ,
                 honouring
                 him
                 as
                 the
                 Common
                 Benefactor
                 and
                 Saviour
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 94.
                 
                 Plautius
                 the
                 Roman
                 Praetor
                 greatly
                 misgovern'd
                 his
                 Province
                 ,
                 being
                 therefore
                 Condemn'd
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 had
                 dishonour'd
                 his
                 Government
                 ,
                 he
                 fled
                 from
                 Rome
                 .
                 
              
               
                 95.
                 
                 In
                 Syria
                 ,
                 King
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 being
                 far
                 unfit
                 for
                 so
                 high
                 a
                 Station
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 Sloath
                 and
                 Meanness
                 of
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 gave
                 up
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Antioch
                 to
                 Hierax
                 and
                 Diodotus
                 .
                 
                 
                   Ush
                   .
                   An.
                
                 470.
                 
                 Before
                 Ch.
                 140.
                 
              
               
               
                 96.
                 
                 The
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 *
                 Syria
                 ,
                 being
                 now
                 brought
                 low
                 ,
                 and
                 Demetrius
                 being
                 only
                 the
                 surviving
                 Branch
                 of
                 the
                 Royal
                 Stock
                 ,
                 believing
                 himself
                 to
                 be
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 Danger
                 ,
                 disregarded
                 the
                 Deportment
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 Kings
                 ,
                 who
                 studied
                 to
                 ingratiate
                 themselves
                 into
                 the
                 good
                 Opinion
                 of
                 their
                 People
                 ,
                 by
                 their
                 affable
                 and
                 courteous
                 Behaviour
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 growing
                 every
                 day
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 unsufferable
                 ,
                 fell
                 at
                 length
                 to
                 downright
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 hainous
                 Enormities
                 .
                 The
                 cause
                 of
                 all
                 which
                 is
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 be
                 attributed
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 corrupt
                 Disposition
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 the
                 Management
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 :
                 For
                 being
                 a
                 Wicked
                 and
                 Rash
                 Fellow
                 ,
                 he
                 incited
                 by
                 his
                 Flattery
                 ,
                 the
                 young
                 Man
                 to
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Wickedness
                 .
                 At
                 first
                 therefore
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 all
                 that
                 had
                 sided
                 against
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 with
                 unusual
                 sorts
                 of
                 Punishments
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 Antiochians
                 Taunted
                 and
                 Jear'd
                 at
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 wont
                 to
                 do
                 ,
                 
                 he
                 got
                 together
                 a
                 Company
                 of
                 Mercenary
                 Soldiers
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 be
                 disarm'd
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Antiochians
                 refusing
                 to
                 deliver
                 them
                 ;
                 some
                 he
                 kill'd
                 as
                 they
                 fell
                 into
                 his
                 hands
                 ,
                 others
                 he
                 Murdered
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Houses
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 a
                 great
                 Uproar
                 being
                 rais'd
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 burnt
                 down
                 most
                 of
                 the
                 Town
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 that
                 were
                 accus'd
                 to
                 be
                 Heads
                 of
                 this
                 Commotion
                 ,
                 were
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 Estates
                 Confiscated
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 into
                 the
                 Kings
                 Exchequer
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 both
                 out
                 of
                 Fear
                 and
                 Hatred
                 of
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 Fled
                 
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 wander'd
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 all
                 Syria
                 ,
                 watching
                 for
                 a
                 fit
                 time
                 and
                 opportunity
                 to
                 be
                 reveng'd
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 Demetrius
                 hated
                 of
                 every
                 Body
                 ,
                 rag'd
                 notwithstanding
                 in
                 Slaughters
                 ,
                 Banishments
                 ,
                 and
                 Confiscations
                 ,
                 far
                 exceeding
                 his
                 Father
                 in
                 Cruelty
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 far
                 from
                 Royal
                 Clemency
                 and
                 Kindness
                 ,
                 but
                 exercising
                 a
                 Tyrannical
                 and
                 Arbitrary
                 Power
                 ,
                 oppress'd
                 his
                 Subjects
                 with
                 most
                 grievous
                 and
                 unsufferable
                 Calamities
                 ,
                 in
                 somuch
                 as
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 this
                 Family
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 oppressions
                 ,
                 were
                 hated
                 by
                 all
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 *
                 other
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 belov'd
                 for
                 their
                 Moderation
                 and
                 Clemency
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 thro'
                 the
                 mutual
                 Plots
                 and
                 circumventing
                 Contrivances
                 of
                 the
                 Heads
                 of
                 both
                 these
                 Families
                 ,
                 one
                 against
                 another
                 ,
                 Syria
                 was
                 continually
                 full
                 of
                 Stirs
                 and
                 Commotions
                 :
                 and
                 the
                 common
                 People
                 themselves
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 Flattery
                 and
                 fair
                 Promises
                 of
                 those
                 Kings
                 that
                 sought
                 to
                 succeed
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 were
                 so
                 led
                 aside
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 they
                 still
                 delighted
                 in
                 Change.
                 
              
               
                 97.
                 
                 The
                 *
                 Aradians
                 growing
                 high
                 Crested
                 and
                 Insolent
                 ,
                 abus'd
                 the
                 *
                 Marathenian
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 who
                 crying
                 out
                 against
                 their
                 Impiety
                 ,
                 challeng'd
                 the
                 Sacred
                 regard
                 that
                 ought
                 to
                 be
                 had
                 to
                 Suppliants
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Security
                 and
                 Protection
                 due
                 to
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 audacious
                 young
                 Fellows
                 ,
                 presently
                 knockt
                 them
                 on
                 the
                 Head.
                 Then
                 these
                 Murderers
                 and
                 their
                 Co-partners
                 got
                 together
                 in
                 a
                 general
                 Assembly
                 ,
                 and
                 adding
                 one
                 piece
                 of
                 Wickedness
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 contriv'd
                 an
                 Impious
                 and
                 Vile
                 design
                 against
                 the
                 Marathenians
                 ;
                 for
                 taking
                 the
                 Rings
                 off
                 the
                 Fingers
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 Murder'd
                 ,
                 they
                 writ
                 Letters
                 to
                 the
                 Marathenians
                 ,
                 as
                 from
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 they
                 inform'd
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Aradians
                 would
                 within
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 send
                 them
                 Aid
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 that
                 the
                 Marathenians
                 might
                 receive
                 the
                 Aradian
                 Soldiers
                 into
                 their
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 be
                 Surpriz'd
                 ,
                 thinking
                 they
                 were
                 really
                 ,
                 and
                 without
                 Fraud
                 ,
                 sent
                 to
                 them
                 as
                 Auxiliaries
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Aradians
                 fail'd
                 in
                 their
                 wicked
                 Design
                 ,
                 for
                 when
                 they
                 had
                 laid
                 an
                 Embargo
                 upon
                 all
                 the
                 Ships
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 might
                 discover
                 their
                 Treachery
                 to
                 the
                 Marathenians
                 ,
                 a
                 certain
                 Seamen
                 ,
                 a
                 Neigbour
                 to
                 the
                 Marathenians
                 commiserating
                 their
                 Condition
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 acustom'd
                 to
                 Sail
                 in
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Sea
                 ,
                 took
                 a
                 Ship
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 pass'd
                 over
                 that
                 narrow
                 Cut
                 ,
                 about
                 Eight
                 Furlongs
                 in
                 Breadth
                 ,
                 and
                 discover'd
                 the
                 Fraud
                 of
                 the
                 Aradians
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Marathenians
                 ;
                 the
                 Aradians
                 therefore
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 understood
                 their
                 Plot
                 was
                 discover'd
                 ,
                 forbore
                 sending
                 the
                 Letters
                 .
              
               
                 98.
                 
                 
                   Ptolemy
                   Physcon
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 Philometer
                 ,
                 began
                 his
                 Reign
                 most
                 wickedly
                 ;
                 for
                 
                 charging
                 many
                 with
                 Plots
                 against
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 with
                 most
                 cruel
                 Torments
                 ,
                 others
                 for
                 pretended
                 Crimes
                 invented
                 by
                 himself
                 ,
                 he
                 Banish'd
                 and
                 Confiscated
                 their
                 Estates
                 :
                 by
                 which
                 cruelties
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 ,
                 his
                 Subjects
                 were
                 so
                 inrag'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 all
                 hated
                 him
                 Mortally
                 ;
                 however
                 he
                 Reign'd
                 Fifteen
                 Years
                 .
              
               
                 99.
                 
                 Viriathus
                 ,
                 when
                 at
                 his
                 Marriage
                 many
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 Cups
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 rich
                 Carpets
                 of
                 exquisite
                 Workmanship
                 ,
                 were
                 set
                 forth
                 to
                 grace
                 the
                 Solemnity
                 ,
                 he
                 held
                 them
                 all
                 upon
                 the
                 point
                 of
                 a
                 Lance
                 ,
                 not
                 with
                 admiration
                 of
                 such
                 rich
                 and
                 splendid
                 Furniture
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 in
                 scorn
                 and
                 contempt
                 .
                 After
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 upon
                 this
                 occasion
                 spoken
                 many
                 things
                 ,
                 with
                 much
                 Wisdom
                 and
                 Prudence
                 ,
                 he
                 concluded
                 with
                 many
                 Emphatical
                 expressions
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 this
                 one
                 ,
                 very
                 remarkable
                 *
                 for
                 by
                 this
                 saying
                 ,
                 he
                 signifi'd
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 greatest
                 Imprudence
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 to
                 trust
                 in
                 Goods
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 which
                 are
                 so
                 uncertain
                 ;
                 especially
                 ,
                 since
                 it
                 was
                 then
                 apparent
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 those
                 highly
                 esteem'd
                 riches
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 in
                 Law
                 ,
                 were
                 liable
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 prey
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 might
                 carry
                 them
                 away
                 upon
                 his
                 Spears
                 point
                 ;
                 further
                 he
                 added
                 ,
                 that
                 his
                 Father
                 in
                 Law
                 ought
                 rather
                 to
                 thank
                 him
                 ,
                 
                 for
                 that
                 nothing
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 was
                 given
                 by
                 his
                 Father
                 in
                 Law
                 ,
                 to
                 him
                 who
                 was
                 Lord
                 and
                 owner
                 of
                 all
                 .
                 Virathus
                 therefore
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 neither
                 washt
                 nor
                 sat
                 down
                 ,
                 altho'
                 he
                 was
                 earnestly
                 intreated
                 so
                 to
                 do
                 .
                 And
                 whereas
                 the
                 Table
                 was
                 plentifully
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 rich
                 Dishes
                 of
                 Meat
                 ,
                 he
                 only
                 distributed
                 some
                 Bread
                 and
                 Flesh
                 amongst
                 them
                 that
                 came
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 .
                 After
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 little
                 more
                 than
                 tasted
                 the
                 Meat
                 himself
                 ,
                 he
                 order'd
                 his
                 Bride
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 Sacrific'd
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 Spaniards
                 ,
                 he
                 mounted
                 her
                 on
                 Horseback
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 carry'd
                 her
                 away
                 to
                 his
                 Appartments
                 in
                 the
                 Mountains
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 accounted
                 Sobriety
                 and
                 Temperance
                 the
                 greatest
                 Riches
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Liberty
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 gain'd
                 by
                 Valour
                 ,
                 the
                 surest
                 Possession
                 .
                 In
                 his
                 Leagues
                 and
                 Treaties
                 he
                 was
                 very
                 careful
                 and
                 exactly
                 faithful
                 to
                 his
                 Word
                 ,
                 and
                 spoke
                 plainly
                 and
                 sincerely
                 what
                 he
                 intended
                 ,
                 instructed
                 therein
                 (
                 without
                 any
                 other
                 Arts
                 )
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 natural
                 Principles
                 of
                 honesty
                 and
                 fair
                 dealing
                 .
              
               
                 100.
                 
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 staid
                 at
                 Laodicea
                 ,
                 spent
                 his
                 time
                 in
                 Banquetting
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 
                 like
                 Luxury
                 ;
                 and
                 yet
                 exercis'd
                 his
                 Tyranny
                 upon
                 many
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 not
                 at
                 all
                 better'd
                 by
                 his
                 Afflictions
                 .
              
               
                 101.
                 
                 The
                 Cnotians
                 contended
                 for
                 the
                 Sovereignty
                 of
                 the
                 Island
                 ,
                 which
                 they
                 alledg'd
                 ,
                 belong'd
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 both
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Ancient
                 Dignity
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Glory
                 and
                 Renown
                 of
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 in
                 the
                 Heroick
                 times
                 .
                 For
                 some
                 say
                 that
                 Jupiter
                 was
                 brought
                 up
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Minos
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 the
                 Dominion
                 of
                 the
                 Seas
                 ,
                 was
                 bred
                 up
                 by
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 at
                 Cnossius
                 ,
                 and
                 excell'd
                 all
                 other
                 Men
                 in
                 Virtuous
                 Accomplishments
                 .
              
               
                 102.
                 
                 But
                 in
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 King
                 Ptolemy
                 for
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 was
                 hated
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Subjects
                 :
                 For
                 his
                 Manners
                 were
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 compar'd
                 with
                 his
                 Brother
                 Philometer's
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 of
                 a
                 mild
                 
                 and
                 gentle
                 Nature
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 other
                 fierce
                 and
                 cruel
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 the
                 People
                 long'd
                 for
                 a
                 Change
                 ,
                 and
                 earnestly
                 waited
                 for
                 a
                 fit
                 opportunity
                 to
                 Revolt
                 .
              
               
                 103.
                 
                 At
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 Ptolemy
                 (
                 after
                 the
                 Solemn
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 Aegyptians
                 )
                 was
                 Inthron'd
                 at
                 Memphis
                 ,
                 his
                 Queen
                 Cleopatra
                 was
                 deliver'd
                 of
                 a
                 Son
                 ,
                 at
                 which
                 he
                 exceedingly
                 
                 rejoic'd
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 him
                 Memphites
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 was
                 Born
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 Memphis
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 his
                 Solemn
                 Inauguration
                 .
                 But
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 Celebrating
                 his
                 Son's
                 Birth
                 day
                 ,
                 he
                 forgot
                 not
                 his
                 usual
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 order'd
                 some
                 of
                 Cyrene
                 (
                 who
                 had
                 brought
                 him
                 into
                 Aegypt
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 rebuk'd
                 him
                 something
                 too
                 freely
                 ,
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Strumpet
                 Irene
                 .
              
               
                 104.
                 
                 After
                 Diegylis
                 King
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Throne
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 puft
                 up
                 with
                 his
                 prosperity
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 Rule
                 over
                 his
                 People
                 not
                 as
                 his
                 Subjects
                 and
                 Friends
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 
                 Domineer
                 over
                 them
                 ,
                 as
                 so
                 many
                 Slaves
                 and
                 Bondmen
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 put
                 many
                 good
                 and
                 honest
                 Thracians
                 by
                 Tortures
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 and
                 abus'd
                 with
                 the
                 highest
                 marks
                 of
                 disgracemany
                 others
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 spar'd
                 neither
                 Woman
                 nor
                 Boy
                 that
                 were
                 handsom
                 and
                 beautiful
                 ,
                 and
                 stuck
                 not
                 at
                 stripping
                 Men
                 out
                 of
                 all
                 they
                 had
                 ,
                 by
                 force
                 and
                 and
                 strong
                 hand
                 ,
                 but
                 fill'd
                 all
                 his
                 Dominions
                 with
                 Rapine
                 and
                 Violence
                 .
                 He
                 plunder'd
                 and
                 spoil'd
                 likewise
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Greece
                 that
                 border'd
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 abus'd
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Captives
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 others
                 to
                 death
                 with
                 exquisite
                 Torments
                 .
                 After
                 he
                 had
                 taken
                 the
                 City
                 Lysimachia
                 (
                 which
                 belonged
                 to
                 Attalus
                 )
                 he
                 burnt
                 it
                 down
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 pickt
                 out
                 the
                 greatest
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 from
                 amongst
                 the
                 Captives
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 them
                 to
                 death
                 with
                 strange
                 and
                 unheard
                 of
                 Tortures
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 Heads
                 ,
                 Hands
                 ,
                 and
                 Feet
                 of
                 their
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 hung
                 them
                 about
                 their
                 Parents
                 Necks
                 ,
                 and
                 exchang'd
                 the
                 Members
                 of
                 Men
                 and
                 Women
                 one
                 from
                 another
                 .
                 Of
                 some
                 he
                 cut
                 off
                 their
                 Hands
                 ,
                 and
                 clove
                 them
                 down
                 the
                 small
                 of
                 the
                 Back
                 ,
                 and
                 sometimes
                 would
                 cause
                 the
                 Members
                 to
                 be
                 carry'd
                 about
                 upon
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 their
                 Spears
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 far
                 exceeded
                 Phalaris
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 Apollodorus
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 the
                 Cassandrians
                 .
                 His
                 Barbarity
                 is
                 more
                 evident
                 in
                 this
                 one
                 Instance
                 following
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 was
                 celebrating
                 his
                 Nuptials
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Ancient
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 Thracians
                 ,
                 he
                 catcht
                 up
                 Two
                 young
                 Men
                 of
                 Greece
                 that
                 were
                 Travelling
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 Subjects
                 to
                 Attalus
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 Brothers
                 ,
                 both
                 very
                 beautiful
                 .
                 The
                 one
                 was
                 fully
                 attain'd
                 to
                 Mans
                 Estate
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 was
                 near
                 bordering
                 upon
                 it
                 ;
                 Diegylis
                 caus'd
                 them
                 both
                 to
                 be
                 introduc'd
                 Crown'd
                 with
                 Garlands
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 the
                 Victims
                 :
                 The
                 younger
                 being
                 laid
                 along
                 and
                 extended
                 at
                 length
                 by
                 the
                 Officer
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 ready
                 to
                 cut
                 him
                 off
                 at
                 the
                 Middle
                 ,
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 cry'd
                 out
                 ,
                 that
                 Kings
                 and
                 private
                 Men
                 ,
                 were
                 not
                 to
                 offer
                 the
                 like
                 Sacrifices
                 ;
                 hereupon
                 the
                 Elder
                 making
                 great
                 lamentation
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 endear'd
                 Love
                 to
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 interpos'd
                 himself
                 between
                 him
                 and
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 Diegylis
                 commanded
                 he
                 should
                 be
                 likewise
                 laid
                 along
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 doubling
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 at
                 one
                 stroak
                 dispatch'd
                 them
                 both
                 ,
                 the
                 Spectators
                 all
                 applauding
                 so
                 noble
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Dexterity
                 .
                 Many
                 such
                 like
                 wicked
                 acts
                 were
                 committed
                 by
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 105.
                 
                 When
                 Attalus
                 understood
                 that
                 Diegylis
                 was
                 hated
                 by
                 all
                 his
                 Subjects
                 for
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 and
                 Covetousness
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 a
                 quite
                 contrary
                 Course
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 
                 taken
                 many
                 Thracian
                 Prisoners
                 Captive
                 ,
                 and
                 freely
                 Releas'd
                 them
                 all
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 that
                 spread
                 abroad
                 his
                 Fame
                 for
                 his
                 Generosity
                 and
                 Clemency
                 :
                 And
                 when
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Thracian
                 Nobility
                 out
                 of
                 hatred
                 to
                 Diegulis
                 ,
                 fled
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 kindly
                 receiv'd
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 thing
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 known
                 ,
                 Diegulis
                 tortur'd
                 the
                 Hostages
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 fled
                 with
                 most
                 
                 grievous
                 Torments
                 .
                 Many
                 of
                 whom
                 that
                 were
                 very
                 Young
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 tender
                 Age
                 ,
                 he
                 pull'd
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 Limb
                 from
                 Limb
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 others
                 he
                 cut
                 of
                 their
                 Hands
                 ,
                 Feet
                 and
                 Heads
                 ;
                 some
                 he
                 crucified
                 and
                 others
                 he
                 hung
                 upon
                 Trees
                 ,
                 many
                 Women
                 likewise
                 who
                 were
                 Persons
                 of
                 Quality
                 )
                 he
                 stigmatiz'd
                 before
                 they
                 were
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 and
                 prostituted
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Lust
                 of
                 every
                 vile
                 Fellow
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 most
                 Barbarous
                 manner
                 giving
                 up
                 himself
                 to
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Filthiness
                 .
                 Which
                 as
                 it
                 clearly
                 evidenc'd
                 his
                 unparall'ld
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 mov'd
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Spectators
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 but
                 the
                 least
                 sense
                 of
                 Humanity
                 ,
                 with
                 pity
                 and
                 commiseration
                 .
              
               
                 106.
                 
                 When
                 Pompey
                 was
                 preparing
                 to
                 Besiege
                 the
                 City
                 Lagnus
                 ,
                 the
                 Numantines
                 willing
                 
                 to
                 assist
                 their
                 Countrymen
                 ,
                 sent
                 to
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 400
                 Soldiers
                 ;
                 whom
                 the
                 Lagnetians
                 at
                 first
                 readily
                 receiv'd
                 ,
                 and
                 bountifully
                 rewarded
                 as
                 their
                 Saviours
                 .
                 But
                 in
                 a
                 few
                 
                 days
                 after
                 ,
                 dreading
                 a
                 Siege
                 ,
                 they
                 Treated
                 with
                 Pompey
                 ,
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 the
                 Town
                 upon
                 Terms
                 ,
                 insisting
                 only
                 upon
                 sparing
                 their
                 Lives
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 Pompey
                 would
                 admit
                 of
                 no
                 Conditions
                 ,
                 unless
                 the
                 Numantians
                 were
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 the
                 Lagnetians
                 at
                 first
                 shrunk
                 at
                 the
                 thoughts
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 wicked
                 Act
                 against
                 their
                 Benefactors
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 stand
                 it
                 out
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 :
                 But
                 being
                 afterwards
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 extremity
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 to
                 Pompey
                 to
                 acquaint
                 him
                 they
                 were
                 ready
                 to
                 Redeem
                 their
                 own
                 Lives
                 by
                 the
                 Destruction
                 of
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ;
                 which
                 the
                 Numantians
                 coming
                 to
                 understand
                 ,
                 they
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 Citizens
                 unexpectedly
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 a
                 grievous
                 Slaughter
                 amongst
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 Pompey
                 having
                 Intelligence
                 of
                 this
                 Tumult
                 and
                 Bustle
                 in
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 set
                 scaling
                 Ladders
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 all
                 the
                 Lagnetians
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 but
                 generously
                 discharg'd
                 all
                 the
                 Numantian
                 Auxiliaries
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 100
                 ;
                 both
                 pitying
                 the
                 Men
                 that
                 were
                 so
                 unworthily
                 brought
                 into
                 such
                 extremity
                 and
                 distress
                 ,
                 as
                 likewise
                 hereby
                 designing
                 to
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Goodwill
                 and
                 opinion
                 of
                 the
                 Numantians
                 towards
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
                 Afterwards
                 he
                 Raz'd
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 .
              
               
                 107.
                 
                 Arsases
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Parthians
                 being
                 a
                 Mild
                 and
                 Gracious
                 Prince
                 ,
                 was
                 exceeding
                 
                 prosperous
                 and
                 successful
                 ,
                 and
                 greatly
                 enlarg'd
                 the
                 bounds
                 of
                 his
                 Empire
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 Conquer'd
                 all
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 to
                 India
                 (
                 where
                 Porus
                 Reign'd
                 formerly
                 )
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 
                 of
                 ease
                 :
                 And
                 tho'
                 he
                 was
                 advanc'd
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 of
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 inclin'd
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 to
                 Pride
                 and
                 Luxury
                 ,
                 as
                 is
                 common
                 with
                 Princes
                 in
                 such
                 cases
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 Kind
                 to
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 and
                 Valiant
                 in
                 the
                 Field
                 against
                 his
                 Enemies
                 :
                 and
                 having
                 subdu'd
                 several
                 Nations
                 ,
                 gathered
                 together
                 a
                 System
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 of
                 their
                 Laws
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 imparted
                 them
                 to
                 his
                 Parthians
                 .
              
               
                 108.
                 
                 Viriathus
                 was
                 Bury'd
                 by
                 the
                 Lusitanians
                 with
                 great
                 Pomp
                 and
                 State
                 ;
                 for
                 Two
                 hundred
                 Gladiators
                 were
                 matcht
                 singly
                 with
                 as
                 many
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 sought
                 Duels
                 at
                 his
                 Sepulchre
                 ,
                 in
                 honour
                 of
                 the
                 remarkable
                 Valour
                 of
                 this
                 Man.
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 agreed
                 by
                 all
                 )
                 Valiant
                 in
                 Dangers
                 ,
                 Prudent
                 and
                 Careful
                 in
                 providing
                 whatever
                 was
                 necessary
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 which
                 was
                 most
                 of
                 all
                 considerable
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 whilst
                 he
                 Commanded
                 he
                 was
                 more
                 belov'd
                 than
                 ever
                 any
                 was
                 before
                 him
                 :
                 For
                 in
                 dividing
                 the
                 spoil
                 he
                 never
                 serv'd
                 himself
                 with
                 any
                 thing
                 above
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 ;
                 and
                 of
                 those
                 things
                 which
                 fell
                 to
                 his
                 share
                 ,
                 he
                 often
                 rewarded
                 them
                 that
                 had
                 behav'd
                 themselves
                 valiantly
                 ,
                 and
                 reliev'd
                 those
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 were
                 most
                 in
                 want
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 likewise
                 of
                 incredible
                 Sobriety
                 and
                 Vigilancy
                 ,
                 not
                 sparing
                 any
                 Labour
                 ,
                 or
                 drawing
                 back
                 from
                 any
                 hazard
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 overcome
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 by
                 Ease
                 or
                 Pleasures
                 .
                 The
                 Arguments
                 of
                 his
                 virtuous
                 Qualifications
                 are
                 evident
                 and
                 demonstrable
                 :
                 For
                 being
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Lusitanians
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Eleven
                 years
                 ,
                 during
                 all
                 that
                 time
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 not
                 only
                 peaceable
                 without
                 any
                 Mutinies
                 ,
                 but
                 remain'd
                 unconquerable
                 :
                 But
                 after
                 his
                 death
                 the
                 Forces
                 of
                 the
                 Lusitanians
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 after
                 were
                 broken
                 and
                 dispers'd
                 ,
                 being
                 depriv'd
                 of
                 such
                 a
                 General
                 .
              
               
                 109.
                 
                 Ptolemy
                 for
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 Murthers
                 ,
                 filthy
                 Lusts
                 ,
                 and
                 deform'd
                 Body
                 (
                 whence
                 he
                 was
                 
                 call'd
                 Physco
                 )
                 was
                 hated
                 by
                 all
                 .
                 But
                 Hierax
                 his
                 General
                 being
                 an
                 expert
                 Soldier
                 ,
                 and
                 Popular
                 in
                 all
                 General
                 Assemblies
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 took
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Government
                 :
                 For
                 when
                 Ptolemy
                 wanted
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Pay
                 were
                 ready
                 to
                 Revolt
                 to
                 Galaestes
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 a
                 stop
                 to
                 their
                 Mutiny
                 by
                 paying
                 off
                 their
                 Arrears
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Purse
                 .
              
               
                 110.
                 
                 The
                 Aegyptians
                 altogether
                 contemn'd
                 Ptolemy
                 when
                 they
                 saw
                 him
                 so
                 childish
                 in
                 his
                 Speeches
                 ,
                 drown'd
                 in
                 filthy
                 Lusts
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Body
                 Emasculated
                 by
                 his
                 Intemperance
                 .
              
               
                 111.
                 
                 *
                 Aemilius
                 the
                 Consul
                 being
                 of
                 an
                 heavy
                 and
                 unweildy
                 Body
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 bulk
                 ,
                 
                 and
                 too
                 much
                 pampering
                 of
                 himself
                 ,
                 was
                 very
                 unfit
                 for
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 Out
                 of
                 the
                 34th
                 BOOK
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 ABout
                 this
                 time
                 there
                 arose
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Mutiny
                 and
                 Sedition
                 of
                 the
                 Slaves
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 
                 as
                 no
                 Age
                 before
                 could
                 ever
                 parallel
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 many
                 Cities
                 suffer'd
                 ,
                 were
                 miserably
                 ransackt
                 ,
                 and
                 innumerable
                 multitudes
                 both
                 of
                 Men
                 ,
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 fell
                 into
                 most
                 grievous
                 Calamities
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 was
                 now
                 upon
                 the
                 point
                 of
                 falling
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 the
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 who
                 design'd
                 no
                 other
                 bounds
                 should
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 their
                 exorbitant
                 Power
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 absolute
                 Destruction
                 of
                 their
                 Masters
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 these
                 things
                 fell
                 out
                 when
                 none
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 suspected
                 them
                 ;
                 but
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 accustomed
                 to
                 pierce
                 deep
                 into
                 the
                 Grounds
                 and
                 Causes
                 of
                 all
                 Events
                 ,
                 concluded
                 that
                 this
                 was
                 not
                 a
                 thing
                 that
                 happen'd
                 meerly
                 by
                 chance
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 this
                 rich
                 Island
                 growing
                 wanton
                 with
                 too
                 much
                 plenty
                 ,
                 fell
                 into
                 Luxury
                 and
                 Voluptuousness
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 into
                 Pride
                 and
                 Insolence
                 .
                 For
                 those
                 reasons
                 the
                 Cruelty
                 of
                 the
                 Masters
                 towards
                 their
                 Servants
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Hatred
                 of
                 the
                 Servants
                 to
                 their
                 Masters
                 raging
                 and
                 increasing
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 every
                 day
                 ,
                 at
                 length
                 (
                 a
                 fit
                 opportunity
                 offering
                 it self
                 )
                 their
                 Hatred
                 broke
                 forth
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 Thousand
                 Slaves
                 on
                 a
                 suddain
                 (
                 without
                 any
                 sign
                 or
                 appearance
                 of
                 any
                 such
                 thing
                 before
                 )
                 got
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 together
                 to
                 cut
                 the
                 Throats
                 of
                 their
                 Masters
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 the
                 same
                 thing
                 happen'd
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 almost
                 about
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 *
                 Aristonicus
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 colour
                 of
                 Right
                 ,
                 sought
                 to
                 gain
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Cruelty
                 of
                 their
                 Masters
                 ,
                 join'd
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 fill'd
                 many
                 Towns
                 and
                 Cities
                 with
                 Blood
                 and
                 Slaughter
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 In
                 like
                 manner
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 large
                 Possessions
                 in
                 Sicily
                 bought
                 up
                 whole
                 Goals
                 to
                 till
                 their
                 Lands
                 —
                 Some
                 they
                 shackled
                 ,
                 others
                 they
                 overcharg'd
                 with
                 hard
                 Labour
                 ,
                 and
                 branded
                 and
                 stigmatiz'd
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 :
                 So
                 that
                 such
                 a
                 multitude
                 of
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 even
                 like
                 a
                 Deluge
                 ,
                 overflow'd
                 all
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 excessive
                 number
                 may
                 seem
                 incredible
                 to
                 all
                 that
                 hear
                 of
                 it
                 ;
                 for
                 all
                 the
                 rich
                 Men
                 of
                 Sicily
                 vied
                 with
                 the
                 Italians
                 for
                 Pride
                 ,
                 Covetousness
                 ,
                 and
                 vicious
                 Practices
                 ;
                 For
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Italians
                 who
                 had
                 great
                 numbers
                 of
                 Servants
                 ,
                 accustom'd
                 their
                 Shepherds
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 of
                 Rapine
                 and
                 Licentiousness
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 they
                 suffered
                 them
                 to
                 Rob
                 and
                 Steal
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 necessary
                 subsistence
                 from
                 them
                 themselves
                 .
                 Which
                 Liberty
                 being
                 once
                 Granted
                 to
                 those
                 Men
                 who
                 had
                 strength
                 of
                 Body
                 ,
                 sufficient
                 to
                 enable
                 'em
                 readily
                 to
                 execute
                 any
                 Villany
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 Time
                 and
                 Leisure
                 ,
                 and
                 through
                 want
                 of
                 Subsistence
                 were
                 reduc'd
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 Extremity
                 of
                 attempting
                 any
                 thing
                 for
                 their
                 Supply
                 ;
                 these
                 unruly
                 Fellows
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 were
                 ripe
                 and
                 compleat
                 in
                 wickedness
                 .
                 At
                 first
                 they
                 us'd
                 to
                 Murder
                 Travellers
                 upon
                 the
                 High-way
                 ,
                 when
                 only
                 One
                 or
                 Two
                 were
                 together
                 :
                 Afterwards
                 they
                 would
                 in
                 Bodies
                 enter
                 into
                 little
                 Villages
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 and
                 pillage
                 poor
                 Mens
                 Houses
                 ,
                 and
                 forcibly
                 carry
                 away
                 whatever
                 they
                 found
                 ,
                 and
                 kill
                 all
                 that
                 oppos'd
                 them
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 growing
                 every
                 day
                 more
                 and
                 more
                 Audacious
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 neither
                 Security
                 in
                 the
                 Roads
                 in
                 Sicily
                 for
                 Travellers
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 nor
                 Safety
                 in
                 their
                 Houses
                 for
                 them
                 that
                 dwelt
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 but
                 all
                 places
                 were
                 full
                 of
                 Rapine
                 ,
                 Robberies
                 and
                 Murthers
                 .
                 And
                 because
                 the
                 Shepherds
                 and
                 Herdsmen
                 were
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Arms
                 ,
                 and
                 inur'd
                 to
                 lie
                 Night
                 and
                 Day
                 in
                 the
                 open
                 Fields
                 ,
                 they
                 every
                 Day
                 grew
                 bold
                 and
                 daring
                 :
                 For
                 carrying
                 Clubs
                 and
                 Lances
                 and
                 long
                 Staves
                 ,
                 and
                 cover'd
                 with
                 the
                 Skins
                 of
                 Wolves
                 and
                 Wild
                 Boars
                 ,
                 they
                 lookt
                 with
                 a
                 most
                 dreadful
                 and
                 terrible
                 Aspect
                 as
                 the
                 Children
                 of
                 Mars
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 every
                 one
                 had
                 a
                 Guard
                 of
                 great
                 Mastiff
                 Dogs
                 to
                 attend
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 guzling
                 down
                 Milk
                 ,
                 and
                 glutting
                 themselves
                 with
                 Flesh
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 other
                 Food
                 and
                 Provision
                 ,
                 they
                 resembled
                 Beasts
                 both
                 in
                 Souls
                 and
                 Bodies
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 seem'd
                 as
                 if
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 full
                 of
                 Soldiers
                 roving
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 in
                 every
                 place
                 ,
                 or
                 as
                 if
                 all
                 the
                 daring
                 Slaves
                 were
                 let
                 loose
                 by
                 their
                 Masters
                 to
                 act
                 the
                 parts
                 of
                 raging
                 Mad
                 men
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 true
                 indeed
                 that
                 the
                 Roman
                 Praetors
                 and
                 Governors
                 did
                 what
                 they
                 could
                 to
                 suppress
                 this
                 Insolency
                 of
                 the
                 Slaves
                 ;
                 but
                 because
                 they
                 durst
                 not
                 punish
                 them
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Potency
                 of
                 their
                 Masters
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 suffer
                 the
                 Country
                 to
                 be
                 infested
                 with
                 Robberies
                 ;
                 for
                 whereas
                 most
                 of
                 their
                 Masters
                 were
                 Roman
                 Knights
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 Judicial
                 Authority
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 us'd
                 to
                 chuse
                 Judges
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Aequestrian
                   Order
                
                 in
                 the
                 Causes
                 of
                 the
                 Praetors
                 and
                 the
                 Proconsuls
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 summon'd
                 to
                 appear
                 before
                 them
                 after
                 their
                 Provincial
                 Authority
                 was
                 determin'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Magistrates
                 were
                 upon
                 good
                 grounds
                 afraid
                 of
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 Italians
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 large
                 Possessions
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 bought
                 many
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 whom
                 they
                 stigmatiz'd
                 with
                 marks
                 on
                 their
                 Cheeks
                 ,
                 and
                 opprest
                 them
                 with
                 hard
                 Labour
                 ,
                 and
                 yet
                 defrauded
                 them
                 of
                 their
                 Wages
                 and
                 Subsistence
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 There
                 was
                 one
                 Damophilus
                 of
                 Aenna
                 a
                 wealthy
                 Man
                 ,
                 but
                 very
                 proud
                 and
                 arrogant
                 ;
                 
                 this
                 Man
                 Till'd
                 a
                 large
                 compass
                 of
                 Land
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 a
                 vast
                 Stock
                 of
                 Cattle
                 ,
                 initiated
                 the
                 Luxury
                 and
                 Cruelty
                 of
                 the
                 Italians
                 towards
                 their
                 Slaves
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 carry'd
                 in
                 a
                 Coach
                 drawn
                 with
                 stately
                 Horses
                 ,
                 he
                 travers'd
                 the
                 Country
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 ,
                 guarded
                 with
                 a
                 company
                 of
                 Arm'd
                 Slaves
                 ;
                 he
                 carry'd
                 likewise
                 about
                 with
                 him
                 continually
                 many
                 beautiful
                 Boys
                 ,
                 Flatterers
                 and
                 Parasites
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 Villages
                 had
                 his
                 Silver
                 Vessels
                 curiously
                 wrought
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Purple
                 Carpets
                 of
                 very
                 great
                 value
                 ;
                 and
                 made
                 Magnificent
                 Feasts
                 and
                 Entertainments
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 State
                 and
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 a
                 King
                 ,
                 in
                 Pomp
                 and
                 Expence
                 far
                 surpassing
                 the
                 Persian
                 Luxury
                 ,
                 and
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 all
                 other
                 Men
                 in
                 Pride
                 and
                 Arrogancy
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 rude
                 ,
                 and
                 never
                 bred
                 up
                 with
                 Learning
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 liberal
                 Education
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 heap'd
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 and
                 himself
                 left
                 to
                 a
                 licentious
                 Liberty
                 ,
                 without
                 controul
                 ;
                 he
                 first
                 from
                 fulness
                 and
                 plenty
                 became
                 insolent
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 was
                 a
                 plague
                 to
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 occasion
                 of
                 bringing
                 many
                 Miseries
                 and
                 Calamities
                 upon
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 For
                 having
                 bought
                 many
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 he
                 abus'd
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 highest
                 degree
                 ;
                 And
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 Free
                 born
                 in
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 taken
                 Captives
                 in
                 War
                 ,
                 he
                 stigmatiz'd
                 in
                 their
                 Cheeks
                 with
                 the
                 sharp
                 points
                 of
                 Iron
                 Pins
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 which
                 he
                 sent
                 bound
                 in
                 Fetters
                 to
                 the
                 Goals
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 others
                 that
                 were
                 order'd
                 to
                 look
                 after
                 the
                 Cattle
                 in
                 the
                 Fields
                 ,
                 he
                 neither
                 allow'd
                 Cloaths
                 ,
                 nor
                 Food
                 sufficient
                 to
                 satisfie
                 Nature
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 The
                 Barbarity
                 and
                 Cruelty
                 of
                 this
                 Damophilus
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 never
                 a
                 day
                 pass'd
                 
                 wherein
                 he
                 scourg'd
                 not
                 his
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 without
                 the
                 least
                 cause
                 or
                 occasion
                 .
                 And
                 his
                 Wife
                 Megallis
                 was
                 as
                 cruel
                 as
                 himself
                 ,
                 towards
                 the
                 Maid-Servants
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Slaves
                 that
                 fell
                 into
                 her
                 Hands
                 .
                 The
                 Slaves
                 therefore
                 being
                 thus
                 provok'd
                 by
                 the
                 cruelty
                 of
                 their
                 Master
                 and
                 Mistriss
                 ,
                 concluding
                 they
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 brought
                 into
                 a
                 worse
                 condition
                 than
                 they
                 then
                 were
                 ,
                 rose
                 up
                 all
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 In
                 
                   Sicily
                   Demophilus
                
                 had
                 a
                 young
                 Daughter
                 of
                 a
                 very
                 gentle
                 and
                 courteous
                 Disposition
                 ,
                 
                 who
                 made
                 it
                 her
                 business
                 to
                 relieve
                 and
                 heal
                 those
                 Slaves
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 abus'd
                 and
                 scourg'd
                 by
                 her
                 Parents
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 bring
                 Meat
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 prison
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 she
                 was
                 wonderfully
                 belov'd
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 Servants
                 ,
                 insomuch
                 ,
                 as
                 in
                 remembrance
                 of
                 her
                 former
                 Kindness
                 ,
                 all
                 had
                 compassion
                 of
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 offering
                 any
                 violence
                 or
                 injury
                 to
                 the
                 young
                 Maid
                 ,
                 that
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 made
                 it
                 their
                 business
                 to
                 preserve
                 her
                 Chastity
                 unviolated
                 ;
                 and
                 chose
                 some
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 company
                 ,
                 the
                 most
                 expeditious
                 amongst
                 them
                 to
                 conduct
                 her
                 to
                 Catana
                 to
                 some
                 of
                 her
                 Friends
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 After
                 Eunus
                 was
                 declar'd
                 King
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 many
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 and
                 spar'd
                 only
                 those
                 that
                 
                 for
                 the
                 sake
                 of
                 his
                 Prophecies
                 commended
                 him
                 at
                 their
                 Feasts
                 ,
                 to
                 which
                 his
                 Master
                 Antigenes
                 us'd
                 to
                 bring
                 him
                 to
                 make
                 sport
                 ;
                 those
                 likewise
                 that
                 were
                 so
                 kind
                 as
                 in
                 a
                 jest
                 to
                 give
                 him
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Dainties
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 preserv'd
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 the
                 strange
                 turn
                 of
                 Fortune
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 admir'd
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Kindness
                 shew'd
                 to
                 such
                 mean
                 and
                 inconsiderable
                 Persons
                 should
                 occasion
                 so
                 great
                 Favour
                 and
                 Respect
                 ,
                 at
                 a
                 time
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 so
                 welcome
                 and
                 seasonable
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 About
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 broke
                 out
                 another
                 Rebellion
                 of
                 the
                 Slaves
                 ;
                 one
                 Cleon
                 a
                 Sicilian
                 
                 near
                 
                   Mount
                   Taurus
                
                 inur'd
                 to
                 Robberies
                 from
                 a
                 Boy
                 ,
                 being
                 appointed
                 to
                 look
                 to
                 the
                 Horses
                 in
                 their
                 Pastures
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 beset
                 the
                 High
                 Ways
                 ,
                 and
                 committed
                 hainous
                 Murders
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 This
                 Fellow
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 good
                 Fortune
                 of
                 Eunus
                 and
                 his
                 Followers
                 ,
                 having
                 persuaded
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Slaves
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 Revolted
                 ,
                 Wasted
                 and
                 Spoil'd
                 the
                 City
                 Agrigentum
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Country
                 round
                 about
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 In
                 
                   Asia
                   ,
                   Attalus
                
                 being
                 newly
                 come
                 to
                 the
                 Crown
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 manage
                 Affairs
                 in
                 a
                 way
                 
                 far
                 different
                 from
                 all
                 the
                 former
                 Kings
                 ;
                 for
                 they
                 by
                 their
                 Clemency
                 and
                 Kindness
                 to
                 their
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 Reign'd
                 prosperously
                 and
                 Happily
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 a
                 Blessing
                 to
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 but
                 this
                 Prince
                 being
                 of
                 a
                 Cruel
                 and
                 Bloody
                 Disposition
                 ,
                 oppress'd
                 his
                 Subjects
                 with
                 many
                 Slaughters
                 ,
                 and
                 grievous
                 Calamities
                 :
                 Suspecting
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Relations
                 that
                 were
                 Potent
                 ,
                 and
                 Men
                 of
                 Interest
                 ,
                 were
                 Plotting
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 rid
                 himself
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 he
                 pickt
                 out
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 most
                 Covetous
                 and
                 Bloody
                 Fellows
                 from
                 among
                 his
                 Barbarian
                 Mercenary
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 hid
                 them
                 in
                 certain
                 Vaults
                 in
                 the
                 Palace
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 sending
                 for
                 such
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 and
                 Kindred
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 most
                 jealous
                 of
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 them
                 there
                 ,
                 he
                 cut
                 all
                 their
                 Throats
                 by
                 those
                 bloody
                 Executioners
                 of
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 and
                 forthwith
                 ordered
                 their
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 to
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 rest
                 of
                 his
                 Father's
                 Friends
                 that
                 either
                 had
                 Command
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 or
                 were
                 Governors
                 of
                 Cities
                 ,
                 he
                 either
                 caus'd
                 to
                 be
                 treacherously
                 Assassinated
                 ,
                 or
                 seizing
                 them
                 ,
                 Murther'd
                 them
                 and
                 their
                 Families
                 together
                 .
                 Being
                 therefore
                 hated
                 not
                 only
                 by
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 but
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 neighbouring
                 Nations
                 ,
                 all
                 within
                 his
                 Dominions
                 ,
                 endeavour'd
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 they
                 could
                 to
                 bring
                 about
                 a
                 Revolution
                 and
                 Change
                 of
                 Government
                 .
              
               
               
                 10.
                 
                 
                   Tiberius
                   Gracchus
                
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Tiberius
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 twice
                 Consul
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Man
                 
                 very
                 famous
                 ,
                 both
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 and
                 Gown
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 likewise
                 the
                 Grandchild
                 of
                 
                   Publius
                   Scipio
                
                 by
                 his
                 Daughter
                 ,
                 that
                 Scipio
                 who
                 conquer'd
                 Hannibal
                 and
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 .
                 Being
                 Nobly
                 Born
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 ,
                 he
                 excell'd
                 all
                 his
                 equals
                 in
                 Age
                 ,
                 in
                 sound
                 Judgment
                 and
                 Elocution
                 ,
                 and
                 indeed
                 in
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Learning
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 afraid
                 to
                 enter
                 the
                 Lists
                 with
                 any
                 that
                 dar'd
                 to
                 oppose
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 The
                 Syrian
                 Slaves
                 cut
                 off
                 the
                 Hands
                 of
                 those
                 they
                 took
                 prisoners
                 ,
                 not
                 at
                 the
                 
                 Wrists
                 ,
                 but
                 Hands
                 and
                 Arms
                 together
                 .
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 The
                 Senate
                 dreading
                 the
                 Anger
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 consulted
                 the
                 
                 Sibyl's
                 Books
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 into
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 who
                 passed
                 through
                 the
                 whole
                 Island
                 ,
                 erected
                 Altars
                 to
                 
                   Jupiter
                   Aetneus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 offered
                 solemn
                 Sacrifices
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 inclosing
                 the
                 Altars
                 round
                 with
                 Stone
                 Walls
                 to
                 exclude
                 all
                 but
                 those
                 of
                 the
                 several
                 Cities
                 ,
                 who
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Customs
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 were
                 us'd
                 to
                 offer
                 Sacrifices
                 to
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 Gorgus
                 was
                 of
                 *
                 Morgantium
                 sirnamed
                 Cambalus
                 ,
                 a
                 Principal
                 Man
                 for
                 Wealth
                 and
                 
                 Authority
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Going
                 abroad
                 to
                 Hunt
                 ,
                 and
                 falling
                 in
                 amongst
                 a
                 company
                 of
                 Robbers
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 to
                 his
                 Heels
                 to
                 get
                 into
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 by
                 chance
                 met
                 by
                 Gorgus
                 his
                 Father
                 on
                 Horseback
                 ,
                 the
                 Father
                 forthwith
                 leapt
                 off
                 his
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 desir'd
                 his
                 
                 Son
                 to
                 Mount
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 away
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 but
                 as
                 the
                 Son
                 was
                 not
                 willing
                 to
                 prefer
                 his
                 own
                 preservation
                 before
                 that
                 of
                 his
                 Father's
                 ,
                 so
                 the
                 Father
                 could
                 not
                 bear
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 his
                 Son
                 by
                 avoiding
                 the
                 Danger
                 himself
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 while
                 they
                 were
                 with
                 Tears
                 intreating
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 striving
                 to
                 exceed
                 each
                 other
                 in
                 endearing
                 natural
                 Affections
                 ,
                 the
                 Love
                 of
                 the
                 Father
                 in
                 contest
                 with
                 the
                 Love
                 of
                 the
                 Son
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 overtaken
                 by
                 the
                 Thieves
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 kill'd
                 upon
                 the
                 place
                 .
              
               
                 14.
                 
                 Zibelmius
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Diegylis
                 following
                 his
                 Father's
                 steps
                 in
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 enrag'd
                 at
                 
                 what
                 the
                 Thracians
                 had
                 done
                 ,
                 proceeded
                 to
                 that
                 degree
                 of
                 implacable
                 Severity
                 ,
                 and
                 height
                 of
                 Wickedness
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 all
                 that
                 had
                 displeased
                 him
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Families
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 most
                 slight
                 and
                 frivolous
                 occasions
                 cut
                 some
                 in
                 pieces
                 Limb
                 from
                 Limb
                 ,
                 Crucify'd
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 Saw'd
                 several
                 asunder
                 .
                 He
                 kill'd
                 likewise
                 little
                 Children
                 before
                 their
                 Parents
                 Faces
                 ,
                 and
                 Infants
                 at
                 their
                 Mothers
                 Breasts
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 cut
                 them
                 in
                 pieces
                 ,
                 disht
                 up
                 their
                 Members
                 as
                 Curiosities
                 for
                 their
                 Kindred
                 to
                 Feast
                 upon
                 ,
                 reviving
                 as
                 it
                 were
                 those
                 Antient
                 Repasts
                 and
                 Entertainments
                 of
                 *
                 Tereus
                 and
                 *
                 Thyestes
                 .
                 At
                 length
                 the
                 Thracians
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 his
                 Person
                 ;
                 but
                 it
                 was
                 scarce
                 possible
                 to
                 punish
                 him
                 according
                 to
                 his
                 Deserts
                 .
                 For
                 how
                 could
                 one
                 body
                 suffer
                 the
                 punishment
                 justly
                 due
                 for
                 the
                 Cruelties
                 and
                 Injuries
                 committed
                 against
                 a
                 whole
                 Nation
                 ?
                 However
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 of
                 their
                 Power
                 they
                 repaid
                 him
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Scorn
                 and
                 Contempt
                 ,
                 and
                 extremity
                 of
                 Torture
                 upon
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 they
                 could
                 invent
                 .
              
               
                 15.
                 
                 
                   Ptolemy
                   Physcon
                
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 his
                 Sister
                 Cleopatra
                 was
                 so
                 great
                 an
                 Enemy
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 could
                 not
                 revenge
                 himself
                 otherwise
                 upon
                 her
                 ,
                 contriv'd
                 a
                 most
                 notorious
                 piece
                 of
                 Villany
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 imitated
                 the
                 Cruelty
                 of
                 Medea
                 ,
                 Murdering
                 her
                 Son
                 Memphites
                 ,
                 Begotten
                 by
                 himself
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 then
                 in
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 very
                 young
                 Boy
                 :
                 And
                 not
                 content
                 with
                 this
                 ,
                 he
                 committed
                 a
                 far
                 more
                 wicked
                 Act
                 :
                 For
                 cutting
                 off
                 the
                 Child's
                 Limbs
                 ,
                 he
                 put
                 them
                 in
                 a
                 Chest
                 ,
                 and
                 deliver'd
                 them
                 to
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Guard
                 to
                 be
                 convey'd
                 to
                 Alexandria
                 ;
                 and
                 whereas
                 
                 Cleopatra's
                 Birth-day
                 was
                 then
                 near
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 he
                 commanded
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 next
                 before
                 that
                 day
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 set
                 down
                 the
                 Chest
                 at
                 the
                 
                   Palace
                   Gates
                
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 accordingly
                 executed
                 ,
                 Cleopatra
                 made
                 great
                 lamentation
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 People
                 were
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Rage
                 against
                 Ptolemy
                 .
              
               
                 16.
                 
                 
                   Atheneus
                   Antiochus
                
                 his
                 General
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 met
                 with
                 a
                 just
                 and
                 due
                 Reward
                 for
                 his
                 Insolencies
                 and
                 Abuses
                 in
                 all
                 places
                 wherever
                 he
                 Quarter'd
                 in
                 his
                 March
                 :
                 For
                 being
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 fled
                 ,
                 and
                 forsook
                 Antiochus
                 in
                 the
                 heat
                 of
                 the
                 Fight
                 ,
                 coming
                 to
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Towns
                 where
                 he
                 had
                 abus'd
                 his
                 Quarters
                 ,
                 all
                 shut
                 their
                 Doors
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 one
                 refus'd
                 to
                 help
                 him
                 ,
                 either
                 with
                 Meat
                 or
                 Drink
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 wander'd
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 till
                 at
                 length
                 he
                 was
                 famish'd
                 to
                 death
                 .
              
               
                 17.
                 
                 Hegelochus
                 General
                 of
                 
                   Ptolemy
                   Physco
                
                 sent
                 against
                 Marsyas
                 the
                 Alexandrian
                 General
                 ,
                 took
                 him
                 prisoner
                 ,
                 and
                 cut
                 off
                 all
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 When
                 Marsyas
                 was
                 brought
                 before
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 concluded
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 forthwith
                 put
                 him
                 to
                 some
                 cruel
                 death
                 ,
                 Ptolemy
                 pardon'd
                 him
                 beyond
                 all
                 Mens
                 expectation
                 :
                 For
                 now
                 he
                 began
                 to
                 repent
                 of
                 his
                 former
                 Cruelties
                 ,
                 and
                 endeavour'd
                 to
                 regain
                 the
                 Peoples
                 Love
                 and
                 Favour
                 by
                 acts
                 of
                 Clemency
                 .
              
               
               
                 18.
                 
                 Euemerus
                 King
                 of
                 Parthia
                 Born
                 in
                 Hyrcania
                 ,
                 exceeding
                 all
                 other
                 Princes
                 in
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 
                 omitted
                 no
                 sorts
                 of
                 Torments
                 he
                 could
                 invent
                 .
                 For
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Babylonians
                 ,
                 upon
                 slight
                 grounds
                 ,
                 with
                 their
                 whole
                 Families
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 Slaves
                 and
                 sent
                 them
                 into
                 Media
                 to
                 be
                 Sold.
                 He
                 burnt
                 likewise
                 to
                 the
                 ground
                 the
                 Market-place
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Temples
                 in
                 Babylon
                 ,
                 and
                 raz'd
                 the
                 fairest
                 and
                 most
                 beautiful
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 19.
                 
                 Alexander
                 sirnam'd
                 Zabinas
                 ,
                 when
                 those
                 Renown'd
                 Captains
                 
                   Antipater
                   ,
                   Ponius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 Aeropus
                 *
                 Revolted
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 Laodicea
                 ;
                 he
                 at
                 length
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 However
                 ,
                 he
                 Generously
                 spar'd
                 them
                 all
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 of
                 a
                 mild
                 and
                 gentle
                 Disposition
                 ,
                 and
                 pleasing
                 Temper
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 wonderful
                 Affability
                 in
                 his
                 Converse
                 or
                 Discourse
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 therefore
                 greatly
                 Belov'd
                 of
                 every
                 Body
                 .
              
               
                 20.
                 
                 When
                 
                   Caius
                   Sextius
                
                 had
                 Taken
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 the
                 Gauls
                 ,
                 and
                 Sold
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 for
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 One
                 Crato
                 who
                 was
                 led
                 in
                 Chains
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 came
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Consul
                 ,
                 as
                 he
                 sate
                 upon
                 the
                 Tribunal
                 ,
                 and
                 told
                 him
                 ,
                 
                   He
                   had
                   ever
                   been
                   a
                   Friend
                   to
                   the
                
                 Romans
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   for
                   that
                   reason
                   had
                   suffer'd
                   many
                   Injuries
                   ,
                   and
                   had
                   undergone
                   many
                   Stripes
                   and
                   Scourgings
                   from
                   his
                   fellow
                   Citizens
                   :
                
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 Sextius
                 forthwith
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 demonstration
                 of
                 Kindness
                 ,
                 as
                 of
                 a
                 Kinsman
                 ,
                 Released
                 him
                 from
                 his
                 Bonds
                 ,
                 and
                 Restor'd
                 him
                 his
                 Goods
                 ;
                 And
                 for
                 his
                 Good
                 Will
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 gave
                 him
                 Power
                 to
                 set
                 free
                 900
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 he
                 himself
                 thought
                 fit
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Consul
                 was
                 more
                 Generous
                 and
                 Bountiful
                 to
                 Crato
                 than
                 he
                 expected
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 the
                 Gauls
                 might
                 see
                 how
                 exactly
                 Just
                 the
                 Romans
                 were
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 their
                 Punishments
                 and
                 Rewards
                 .
              
               
                 21.
                 
                 Alexander
                 not
                 being
                 very
                 confident
                 of
                 the
                 multitude
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 regard
                 of
                 their
                 Rawness
                 
                 in
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 their
                 natural
                 Inconstancy
                 ,
                 and
                 hankring
                 after
                 Innovations
                 would
                 not
                 adventure
                 upon
                 a
                 pitcht
                 Field
                 ;
                 but
                 having
                 got
                 together
                 as
                 much
                 Money
                 as
                 he
                 could
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Publick
                 Treasuries
                 ,
                 and
                 pillag'd
                 the
                 Temples
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 by
                 Night
                 to
                 steal
                 away
                 into
                 Greece
                 .
                 But
                 whilst
                 he
                 attempted
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 to
                 plunder
                 
                 Jupiter's
                 Temple
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 ,
                 and
                 himself
                 and
                 whole
                 Army
                 had
                 like
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 cut
                 off
                 :
                 but
                 he
                 soon
                 escap'd
                 out
                 of
                 their
                 hands
                 and
                 made
                 towards
                 Seleucia
                 :
                 But
                 the
                 Seleucians
                 having
                 heard
                 before-hand
                 ,
                 the
                 Brute
                 of
                 his
                 Sacriledge
                 shut
                 their
                 Gates
                 against
                 him
                 ;
                 Failing
                 there
                 of
                 his
                 purpose
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 Pisidium
                 ,
                 and
                 never
                 after
                 departed
                 from
                 the
                 Sea-Coast
                 .
              
               
                 22.
                 
                 After
                 
                   Caius
                   Gracchus
                
                 was
                 kill'd
                 by
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Servant
                 ,
                 Lucius
                 
                 Vitellius
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 particular
                 Friends
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 got
                 his
                 Body
                 ;
                 and
                 was
                 so
                 far
                 from
                 being
                 troubl'd
                 at
                 his
                 death
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 cut
                 off
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 carry'd
                 it
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 House
                 ,
                 thereby
                 giving
                 a
                 remarkable
                 Instance
                 of
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 and
                 Covetousness
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 Lucius
                 *
                 Opinius
                 the
                 Consul
                 by
                 Proclamation
                 promis'd
                 to
                 Reward
                 him
                 that
                 should
                 bring
                 to
                 him
                 Gracchus
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 weight
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 Gold
                 ,
                 Vitellius
                 bor'd
                 a
                 hole
                 in
                 the
                 Neck
                 ,
                 and
                 drawing
                 out
                 the
                 Brains
                 ,
                 poured
                 in
                 melted
                 Lead
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 brought
                 the
                 Head
                 to
                 Opinius
                 ,
                 and
                 return'd
                 with
                 the
                 promis'd
                 Reward
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 afterwards
                 hated
                 by
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 day
                 of
                 his
                 death
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 
                   Betrayer
                   of
                   his
                   Friend
                
                 .
                 The
                 Flacci
                 were
                 also
                 all
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 .
              
               
                 23.
                 
                 In
                 Lybia
                 the
                 two
                 Kings
                 drew
                 up
                 their
                 Armies
                 one
                 against
                 another
                 ,
                 and
                 Jugurtha
                 
                 routed
                 the
                 Numidians
                 in
                 a
                 great
                 Battle
                 ,
                 slaying
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 whereupon
                 Adherbal
                 his
                 Brother
                 fled
                 to
                 Cirta
                 ,
                 where
                 being
                 straitly
                 Besieg'd
                 he
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Rome
                 to
                 intreat
                 them
                 not
                 to
                 suffer
                 a
                 King
                 that
                 was
                 their
                 Friend
                 and
                 Ally
                 to
                 be
                 utterly
                 ruin'd
                 :
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 Senate
                 forthwith
                 sent
                 Messengers
                 into
                 Numidia
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 Jugurtha
                 to
                 raise
                 his
                 Siege
                 :
                 which
                 he
                 disregarding
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 another
                 Embassy
                 vested
                 with
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 ;
                 but
                 that
                 was
                 as
                 fruitless
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 Jugurtha
                 straitly
                 blocking
                 up
                 the
                 City
                 round
                 ,
                 through
                 extremity
                 of
                 Famine
                 forc'd
                 it
                 to
                 a
                 Surrender
                 ,
                 and
                 most
                 unnaturally
                 slew
                 his
                 Brother
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 going
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 his
                 Children
                 ,
                 and
                 leaving
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 beseeching
                 him
                 only
                 to
                 spare
                 his
                 Life
                 ,
                 neither
                 regarding
                 the
                 Laws
                 of
                 Nature
                 and
                 Consanguinity
                 ,
                 nor
                 of
                 Arms
                 ,
                 in
                 sparing
                 those
                 that
                 beg
                 for
                 Quarter
                 :
                 He
                 likewise
                 scourg'd
                 all
                 the
                 Italians
                 to
                 death
                 that
                 sided
                 with
                 his
                 Brother
                 .
              
               
                 24.
                 
                 
                   Publius
                   Scipio
                   Nasica
                
                 the
                 Consul
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 renown'd
                 both
                 for
                 his
                 Virtue
                 and
                 Nobleness
                 
                 of
                 Birth
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Family
                 with
                 Africanus
                 ,
                 and
                 Hispanicus
                 ;
                 of
                 whom
                 the
                 first
                 Conquer'd
                 Africa
                 ,
                 the
                 other
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 third
                 Spain
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 gain'd
                 the
                 several
                 Sirnames
                 before
                 mention'd
                 :
                 And
                 besides
                 the
                 Eminency
                 of
                 his
                 Birth
                 ,
                 his
                 Father
                 and
                 Grandfather
                 were
                 the
                 most
                 Eminent
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 for
                 both
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 *
                 Presidents
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 gave
                 their
                 Votes
                 ,
                 and
                 delivered
                 their
                 Opinions
                 in
                 all
                 publick
                 Matters
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 their
                 Deaths
                 .
                 His
                 Grandfather
                 upon
                 an
                 Occasion
                 was
                 judg'd
                 by
                 the
                 Senate
                 the
                 Best
                 Man
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Roman
                 Citizens
                 .
                 For
                 it
                 being
                 found
                 written
                 in
                 the
                 Sibyls
                 Books
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 Romans
                 should
                 build
                 a
                 Temple
                 in
                 honour
                 of
                 the
                 great
                 Mother
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 and
                 should
                 bring
                 her
                 Image
                 from
                 Pessinunt
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 
                 meet
                 it
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Orders
                 and
                 Degrees
                 of
                 the
                 Citizens
                 in
                 solemn
                 Pomp
                 and
                 State
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Best
                 Man
                 should
                 lead
                 the
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Best
                 Woman
                 be
                 at
                 the
                 head
                 of
                 the
                 Women
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Image
                 of
                 the
                 Goddess
                 :
                 The
                 Senate
                 performing
                 all
                 that
                 was
                 prescrib'd
                 by
                 the
                 Sibyls
                 writings
                 ,
                 judg'd
                 
                   Publius
                   Nasica
                
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 Best
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 Valeria
                 the
                 Best
                 Woman
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 only
                 eminent
                 for
                 his
                 Piety
                 towards
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 but
                 of
                 singular
                 Prudence
                 in
                 governing
                 and
                 ordering
                 matters
                 of
                 State
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 a
                 piercing
                 Judgment
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 
                   Marcus
                   Cato
                
                 who
                 was
                 Sirnam'd
                 Demosthenes
                 ,
                 in
                 delivering
                 his
                 Opinion
                 in
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 was
                 ever
                 and
                 anon
                 affirming
                 ,
                 That
                 Carthage
                 must
                 be
                 raz'd
                 ,
                 though
                 nothing
                 was
                 in
                 debate
                 concerning
                 it
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Senate
                 was
                 consulting
                 of
                 other
                 Matters
                 ;
                 
                   Publius
                   Nasica
                
                 was
                 ever
                 of
                 a
                 contrary
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 that
                 Carthage
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 preserv'd
                 ;
                 In
                 which
                 difference
                 of
                 Opinions
                 it
                 seem'd
                 a
                 matter
                 of
                 great
                 Difficulty
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 which
                 of
                 the
                 Two
                 was
                 most
                 adviseable
                 ;
                 but
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 accounted
                 the
                 best
                 Statesmen
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 preferr'd
                 the
                 Opinion
                 of
                 Nasica
                 .
                 For
                 they
                 conceiv'd
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Power
                 and
                 Grandeur
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 was
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 judg'd
                 of
                 by
                 the
                 Ruine
                 and
                 Destruction
                 of
                 other
                 Cities
                 ,
                 but
                 rather
                 by
                 its
                 Sovereign
                 Power
                 and
                 Authority
                 over
                 such
                 as
                 are
                 accounted
                 the
                 most
                 Potent
                 .
                 Besides
                 ,
                 if
                 Carthage
                 stood
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 that
                 City
                 the
                 Romans
                 would
                 be
                 kept
                 within
                 the
                 bounds
                 of
                 their
                 Duty
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 Peace
                 and
                 Concord
                 among
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Common-wealth
                 would
                 be
                 forced
                 to
                 carry
                 it
                 towards
                 their
                 Subjects
                 with
                 more
                 Moderation
                 and
                 Clemency
                 ;
                 which
                 things
                 usually
                 strengthen
                 and
                 enlarge
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Governments
                 :
                 But
                 if
                 Carthage
                 the
                 Rival
                 City
                 be
                 once
                 destroy'd
                 ,
                 what
                 can
                 be
                 expected
                 but
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 among
                 the
                 Romans
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 hatred
                 likewise
                 of
                 all
                 their
                 Allies
                 for
                 the
                 Pride
                 and
                 Covetousness
                 of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Magistrates
                 ;
                 all
                 which
                 accordingly
                 happen'd
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 after
                 the
                 Destruction
                 of
                 Carthage
                 .
                 For
                 turbulent
                 Factions
                 ,
                 Agrarian
                 Laws
                 ,
                 grievous
                 Revolts
                 of
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 continual
                 and
                 destructive
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Mischiefs
                 which
                 
                   Publius
                   Scipio
                
                 foretold
                 ,
                 came
                 to
                 pass
                 :
                 His
                 Son
                 Nasica
                 afterwards
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 well
                 in
                 years
                 ,
                 ordering
                 the
                 Senate
                 to
                 follow
                 him
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 
                   Tiberius
                   Gracchus
                
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 hands
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 contriving
                 to
                 set
                 up
                 himself
                 and
                 take
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Government
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 Commission
                 of
                 which
                 Fact
                 ,
                 the
                 Commons
                 being
                 in
                 an
                 Uproar
                 and
                 Exasperated
                 against
                 the
                 Authors
                 of
                 the
                 Murder
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Tribunes
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 asking
                 every
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Senators
                 Man
                 by
                 Man
                 ,
                 being
                 brought
                 before
                 them
                 ,
                 Who
                 it
                 was
                 that
                 kill'd
                 Gracchus
                 ?
                 Every
                 one
                 out
                 of
                 fear
                 of
                 the
                 Rage
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 deny'd
                 the
                 Fact
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 use
                 of
                 shifting
                 and
                 impertinent
                 Answers
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 Nasica
                 ,
                 he
                 own'd
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 kill'd
                 him
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 Hand
                 ;
                 and
                 further
                 declar'd
                 ,
                 That
                 the
                 designs
                 of
                 Gracchus
                 in
                 aspiring
                 to
                 be
                 absolute
                 Monarch
                 ,
                 was
                 a
                 Secret
                 to
                 all
                 other
                 Persons
                 ,
                 but
                 very
                 well
                 known
                 to
                 him
                 and
                 the
                 Senate
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 much
                 troubled
                 at
                 the
                 Fact
                 ,
                 yet
                 being
                 mov'd
                 by
                 the
                 Boldness
                 and
                 Authority
                 of
                 the
                 Man
                 ,
                 from
                 thenceforth
                 rested
                 quiet
                 and
                 said
                 no
                 more
                 :
                 This
                 
                   Scipio
                   Nasica
                
                 likewise
                 ,
                 (
                 Son
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 Nasica
                 )
                 who
                 dy'd
                 Consul
                 this
                 Year
                 ,
                 was
                 of
                 an
                 unspotted
                 Conversation
                 all
                 his
                 Days
                 ,
                 never
                 tainted
                 or
                 corrupted
                 with
                 Bribes
                 :
                 And
                 being
                 endow'd
                 with
                 Philosophical
                 Principles
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 only
                 a
                 Philosopher
                 in
                 Words
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 Truth
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 he
                 inherited
                 both
                 the
                 Glory
                 and
                 Virtues
                 of
                 his
                 Ancestors
                 .
              
               
                 25.
                 
                 
                   Antiochus
                   Cyzicenus
                
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 got
                 into
                 Possession
                 of
                 the
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 applied
                 himself
                 
                 to
                 Revellings
                 and
                 Luxury
                 ,
                 and
                 Courses
                 altogether
                 unbeseeming
                 Kings
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 extremely
                 Addicted
                 to
                 Anticks
                 ,
                 Stage-players
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Juglers
                 ,
                 he
                 learn'd
                 their
                 Arts
                 with
                 a
                 great
                 deal
                 of
                 Vehemency
                 ;
                 He
                 apply'd
                 himself
                 also
                 to
                 Puppit-playing
                 ,
                 and
                 plac'd
                 his
                 chiefest
                 Delight
                 in
                 making
                 the
                 Images
                 of
                 living
                 Creatures
                 in
                 bulk
                 Five
                 Cubits
                 ,
                 (
                 cover'd
                 over
                 with
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ,
                 )
                 to
                 move
                 of
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Engines
                 of
                 that
                 Nature
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 for
                 Warlike
                 Engines
                 and
                 Testudoes
                 ,
                 call'd
                 Helepoles
                 ,
                 whose
                 Preparations
                 and
                 Magnificence
                 belong'd
                 to
                 Princes
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 commonly
                 of
                 great
                 use
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 altogether
                 wanting
                 in
                 them
                 .
                 Moreover
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 much
                 addicted
                 to
                 unseasonable
                 Huntings
                 ,
                 and
                 oftentimes
                 would
                 steal
                 out
                 privately
                 by
                 Night
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Servant
                 or
                 two
                 ,
                 to
                 hunt
                 Boars
                 ,
                 Lions
                 and
                 Leopards
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 many
                 times
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 danger
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 by
                 his
                 rash
                 encountring
                 of
                 these
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 .
              
               
                 26.
                 
                 Mecipsa
                 ,
                 Son
                 of
                 Massinissa
                 King
                 of
                 Numidia
                 ,
                 had
                 many
                 Children
                 ;
                 but
                 above
                 them
                 all
                 he
                 lov'd
                 Adherball
                 his
                 Eldest
                 ,
                 and
                 Hiempsales
                 and
                 Micipsa
                 ;
                 the
                 last
                 of
                 which
                 was
                 the
                 
                 mildest
                 Prince
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 Numidia
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 for
                 the
                 Learnedst
                 Men
                 out
                 of
                 Greece
                 he
                 could
                 hear
                 of
                 ,
                 and
                 spending
                 his
                 time
                 with
                 them
                 in
                 improving
                 himself
                 in
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Liberal
                 Sciences
                 ,
                 and
                 especially
                 in
                 Philosophy
                 ,
                 he
                 enjoy'd
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 his
                 Study
                 of
                 Philosophy
                 to
                 his
                 Old
                 Age.
                 
              
               
                 27.
                 
                 Contoniatus
                 ,
                 the
                 Petit
                 Prince
                 of
                 Jentora
                 in
                 Gaul
                 ,
                 was
                 eminent
                 for
                 his
                 Prudence
                 and
                 
                 Skil
                 in
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 :
                 He
                 was
                 a
                 Friend
                 and
                 an
                 Ally
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 being
                 formerly
                 brought
                 up
                 in
                 Rome
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 season'd
                 with
                 Virtue
                 and
                 Civility
                 ;
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 he
                 gain'd
                 that
                 Principality
                 in
                 Gaul
                 .
              
               
               
                 28.
                 
                 
                   Caius
                   Marius
                
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 was
                 slighted
                 by
                 the
                 Proconsul
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 
                 Meanest
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 who
                 were
                 of
                 eminent
                 Birth
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 high
                 Place
                 ,
                 were
                 Honour'd
                 and
                 Respected
                 by
                 the
                 Proconsul
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 other
                 who
                 was
                 said
                 to
                 have
                 been
                 but
                 a
                 Publican
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 much
                 ado
                 to
                 get
                 into
                 the
                 lowest
                 Form
                 amongst
                 the
                 *
                 Magistrates
                 ,
                 Metellus
                 made
                 no
                 account
                 of
                 him
                 :
                 Though
                 in
                 truth
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 rest
                 lov'd
                 their
                 Ease
                 and
                 avoided
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 but
                 Marius
                 having
                 been
                 often
                 employ'd
                 in
                 the
                 Wars
                 in
                 desperate
                 Adventures
                 ,
                 seem'd
                 highly
                 to
                 resent
                 the
                 Injury
                 and
                 Affront
                 .
                 But
                 addicting
                 himself
                 with
                 great
                 application
                 of
                 Mind
                 to
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 he
                 became
                 a
                 most
                 expert
                 Soldier
                 ;
                 and
                 being
                 naturally
                 of
                 a
                 warlike
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 he
                 grew
                 very
                 Famous
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 his
                 Generosity
                 and
                 courteous
                 Deportment
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 affable
                 Carriage
                 in
                 all
                 Meetings
                 towards
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 under
                 his
                 Command
                 ,
                 he
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 who
                 studying
                 to
                 make
                 grateful
                 returns
                 for
                 his
                 Kindness
                 ,
                 fought
                 the
                 more
                 Chearfully
                 and
                 Courageously
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 end
                 they
                 might
                 advance
                 the
                 Honour
                 and
                 Reputation
                 of
                 their
                 General
                 :
                 And
                 if
                 any
                 other
                 at
                 any
                 time
                 happen'd
                 to
                 be
                 sent
                 to
                 command
                 them
                 ,
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 on
                 purpose
                 in
                 the
                 very
                 height
                 of
                 the
                 Battel
                 would
                 fight
                 more
                 carelesly
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 most
                 commonly
                 things
                 miscarry'd
                 and
                 came
                 to
                 nought
                 when
                 any
                 other
                 commanded
                 the
                 Army
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 Marius
                 was
                 General
                 the
                 Romans
                 were
                 ever
                 Conquerors
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Out
                 of
                 the
                 36th
                 BOOK
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 THE
                 Rebellious
                 Slaves
                 did
                 not
                 only
                 waste
                 and
                 destroy
                 Sioily
                 ,
                 but
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 
                 free
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 neither
                 Lands
                 nor
                 Goods
                 )
                 betook
                 themselves
                 to
                 Rapine
                 and
                 Robberies
                 ,
                 and
                 ravag'd
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 in
                 Flocks
                 and
                 Droves
                 ;
                 they
                 drave
                 away
                 whole
                 Herds
                 of
                 Cattel
                 ;
                 Robb'd
                 the
                 Barns
                 in
                 the
                 Towns
                 and
                 Villages
                 ,
                 and
                 carried
                 away
                 the
                 Corn
                 and
                 other
                 Fruits
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 every
                 one
                 they
                 met
                 ,
                 without
                 distinction
                 of
                 either
                 Bond
                 or
                 Free
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 might
                 be
                 left
                 to
                 tell
                 tales
                 of
                 their
                 Murthers
                 and
                 Cruelties
                 .
                 For
                 being
                 there
                 was
                 at
                 this
                 time
                 an
                 Anarchy
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 having
                 no
                 Roman
                 Praetor
                 that
                 exercis'd
                 any
                 Jurisdiction
                 ,
                 all
                 ran
                 headlong
                 and
                 committed
                 many
                 and
                 great
                 Enormities
                 with
                 impunity
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 all
                 Places
                 were
                 full
                 of
                 Rapines
                 and
                 Robberies
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Goods
                 of
                 the
                 Rich
                 made
                 a
                 Prey
                 to
                 Force
                 and
                 Violence
                 :
                 and
                 they
                 who
                 a
                 little
                 before
                 were
                 Noted
                 and
                 Eminent
                 amongst
                 their
                 fellow
                 Citizens
                 for
                 their
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 by
                 a
                 sudden
                 change
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 were
                 not
                 only
                 with
                 the
                 greatest
                 Contempt
                 and
                 Scorn
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 Robb'd
                 of
                 all
                 they
                 had
                 by
                 their
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 but
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 bear
                 unsufferable
                 Abuses
                 from
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 Freemen
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Country
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 none
                 could
                 scarcely
                 call
                 any
                 thing
                 his
                 own
                 within
                 the
                 City
                 Gates
                 ;
                 but
                 what
                 was
                 without
                 ,
                 they
                 lookt
                 upon
                 as
                 quite
                 lost
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 be
                 an
                 irrecoverable
                 Prey
                 to
                 the
                 Robbers
                 .
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 Confusion
                 and
                 utter
                 Subversion
                 of
                 Law
                 and
                 Justice
                 ,
                 rag'd
                 throughout
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 and
                 Towns
                 in
                 the
                 Country
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Rebels
                 after
                 they
                 had
                 wasted
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 Hatred
                 to
                 their
                 Masters
                 ,
                 and
                 insatiable
                 Covetousness
                 ,
                 beset
                 the
                 High
                 Ways
                 and
                 made
                 them
                 impassable
                 .
                 And
                 those
                 Slaves
                 that
                 were
                 yet
                 within
                 the
                 Cities
                 Sick
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 their
                 Hearts
                 longing
                 for
                 an
                 opportunity
                 to
                 Rebel
                 ,
                 were
                 a
                 dread
                 and
                 terror
                 to
                 their
                 Masters
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Saturninus
                 the
                 Tribune
                 being
                 a
                 Man
                 of
                 a
                 profuse
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 Quaestor
                 in
                 the
                 Province
                 of
                 Ostia
                 ,
                 ordering
                 all
                 the
                 Corn
                 to
                 be
                 carry'd
                 away
                 to
                 Rome
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 Male
                 Administration
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Government
                 was
                 Rebuk'd
                 by
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 and
                 divested
                 of
                 his
                 Authority
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Province
                 committed
                 to
                 the
                 Care
                 of
                 another
                 .
                 But
                 afterwards
                 leaving
                 off
                 his
                 former
                 Luxurious
                 course
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 growing
                 Sober
                 in
                 his
                 Conversation
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 chosen
                 Tribune
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Whereas
                 for
                 Two
                 years
                 together
                 in
                 every
                 Publick
                 Assembly
                 
                   Q
                   Metellus
                
                 his
                 restoring
                 from
                 Banishment
                 was
                 taken
                 into
                 Debate
                 —
                 His
                 Son
                 traversing
                 the
                 Market-place
                 with
                 his
                 Beard
                 and
                 Hair
                 overgrown
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 a
                 nasty
                 Garment
                 ,
                 with
                 Tears
                 in
                 his
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 prostrated
                 himself
                 at
                 the
                 Feet
                 of
                 every
                 Citizen
                 ,
                 intreating
                 them
                 to
                 recall
                 his
                 Father
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 though
                 they
                 were
                 very
                 backward
                 to
                 make
                 a
                 President
                 for
                 Exiles
                 for
                 the
                 time
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 hope
                 for
                 Return
                 against
                 the
                 Laws
                 ;
                 yet
                 in
                 Compassion
                 to
                 the
                 Young
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 moved
                 with
                 importunity
                 of
                 his
                 Intreaty
                 ,
                 they
                 recall'd
                 Metellus
                 from
                 Banishment
                 ,
                 and
                 sirnam'd
                 the
                 Son
                 Pius
                 for
                 his
                 singular
                 Affection
                 and
                 Care
                 he
                 had
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 The
                 Romans
                 formerly
                 being
                 govern'd
                 by
                 good
                 and
                 wholesom
                 Laws
                 and
                 Constitutions
                 ,
                 by
                 degrees
                 grew
                 to
                 that
                 height
                 of
                 Power
                 ,
                 that
                 at
                 length
                 they
                 gain'd
                 the
                 greatest
                 
                 Empire
                 of
                 any
                 that
                 ever
                 any
                 History
                 makes
                 mention
                 of
                 .
                 But
                 of
                 later
                 times
                 ,
                 after
                 they
                 
                 had
                 conquer'd
                 many
                 Nations
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 so
                 long
                 nuzzl'd
                 themselves
                 in
                 the
                 Enjoyment
                 of
                 an
                 unterrupted
                 Peace
                 ,
                 they
                 declin'd
                 from
                 their
                 Ancient
                 manners
                 ,
                 to
                 wicked
                 and
                 destructive
                 Courses
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 young
                 Men
                 ,
                 enjoying
                 Rest
                 and
                 Ease
                 from
                 War
                 ,
                 with
                 Plenty
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 to
                 be
                 Fuel
                 to
                 their
                 Lusts
                 ,
                 gave
                 themselves
                 up
                 to
                 Luxury
                 and
                 Intemperance
                 ;
                 for
                 in
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 Prodigality
                 was
                 preferr'd
                 before
                 Frugality
                 ,
                 and
                 living
                 at
                 Ease
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 Service
                 of
                 the
                 Camp
                 :
                 And
                 he
                 that
                 Wasted
                 all
                 his
                 time
                 in
                 Voluptuousness
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 he
                 that
                 was
                 of
                 a
                 virtuous
                 and
                 sober
                 conversation
                 ,
                 was
                 accounted
                 by
                 all
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 only
                 happy
                 Man.
                 And
                 therefore
                 sumptuous
                 Feasts
                 ,
                 most
                 fragrant
                 Oyntments
                 ,
                 flowr'd
                 and
                 embroider'd
                 Carpets
                 ,
                 rich
                 and
                 stately
                 Furniture
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 Banqueting
                 Rooms
                 ,
                 curiously
                 wrought
                 with
                 Gold
                 ,
                 Silver
                 ,
                 Ivory
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 Materials
                 were
                 then
                 cry'd
                 up
                 every
                 where
                 .
                 Wine
                 that
                 was
                 but
                 of
                 an
                 ordinary
                 Gusto
                 ,
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 toucht
                 ,
                 but
                 only
                 *
                 Falernian
                 and
                 Chian
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 pleasant
                 Wines
                 :
                 the
                 choicest
                 Fish
                 likewise
                 ,
                 and
                 every
                 thing
                 of
                 the
                 best
                 sort
                 ,
                 was
                 provided
                 to
                 gratifie
                 their
                 shameless
                 Luxury
                 .
                 The
                 young
                 Gallants
                 likewise
                 ,
                 wore
                 Garments
                 of
                 the
                 finest
                 and
                 softest
                 Wooll
                 ,
                 Woven
                 so
                 fine
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 even
                 transparent
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 their
                 slender
                 Webb
                 ,
                 altogether
                 like
                 unto
                 Womens
                 Gowns
                 .
                 All
                 these
                 things
                 serving
                 to
                 nourish
                 Luxury
                 ,
                 and
                 Voluptuousness
                 (
                 to
                 their
                 Ruin
                 and
                 destruction
                 )
                 being
                 generally
                 coveted
                 by
                 all
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 grew
                 to
                 excessive
                 Rates
                 ;
                 for
                 a
                 Hogshead
                 of
                 Falernian
                 Wine
                 was
                 sold
                 for
                 a
                 100
                 *
                 Drachmas
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Hogshead
                 of
                 Salted
                 Fish
                 from
                 the
                 Pontick
                 Sea
                 ,
                 for
                 400.
                 
                 Skilful
                 Cooks
                 were
                 sold
                 for
                 Four
                 Talents
                 a-piece
                 ,
                 and
                 delicate
                 and
                 beautiful
                 Boys
                 ,
                 for
                 many
                 Talents
                 .
                 And
                 whereas
                 all
                 with
                 full
                 swing
                 gave
                 up
                 themselves
                 to
                 this
                 luxurious
                 course
                 of
                 Life
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Governors
                 in
                 the
                 Provinces
                 ,
                 us'd
                 their
                 utmost
                 endeavour
                 to
                 reform
                 these
                 Enormities
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 being
                 in
                 high
                 Places
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 most
                 observable
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 Eminency
                 of
                 their
                 Stations
                 ,
                 they
                 fram'd
                 their
                 own
                 Lives
                 so
                 ,
                 as
                 to
                 be
                 Examples
                 of
                 Virtue
                 ,
                 and
                 liberal
                 Education
                 to
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 
                   Quintus
                   Mucius
                   Scoevola
                
                 ,
                 us'd
                 his
                 utmost
                 endeavour
                 to
                 reform
                 other
                 Mens
                 corrupt
                 
                 Manners
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Virtuous
                 Example
                 .
                 For
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 sent
                 Proconsul
                 into
                 Asia
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 
                   Quintus
                   Rutilius
                
                 his
                 most
                 intimat
                 Friend
                 for
                 his
                 Legate
                 ,
                 and
                 ever
                 took
                 his
                 Advice
                 in
                 the
                 management
                 of
                 his
                 Government
                 ,
                 and
                 making
                 of
                 Laws
                 :
                 All
                 the
                 Costs
                 and
                 expences
                 both
                 of
                 himself
                 and
                 his
                 Retinue
                 ,
                 he
                 order'd
                 to
                 be
                 defray'd
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 *
                 Purse
                 ;
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 moderation
                 and
                 frugality
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 his
                 just
                 and
                 upright
                 dealing
                 ,
                 he
                 freed
                 the
                 Province
                 from
                 its
                 former
                 Miseries
                 and
                 Oppressions
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 Proconsuls
                 of
                 Asia
                 that
                 were
                 before
                 him
                 ,
                 confederated
                 with
                 the
                 Publicans
                 (
                 in
                 whose
                 hands
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 administration
                 of
                 Justice
                 at
                 Rome
                 )
                 and
                 fill'd
                 the
                 whole
                 Province
                 with
                 the
                 Pressures
                 of
                 their
                 illegal
                 Exactions
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 
                   Mucius
                   Scoevola
                
                 managing
                 his
                 Government
                 with
                 all
                 possible
                 Diligence
                 and
                 Integrity
                 ,
                 did
                 not
                 only
                 suppress
                 all
                 false
                 Accusations
                 ,
                 but
                 restrain'd
                 the
                 Injuries
                 and
                 Oppressions
                 
                 committed
                 by
                 the
                 Publicans
                 .
                 For
                 as
                 often
                 as
                 any
                 who
                 had
                 been
                 pinch'd
                 by
                 those
                 Toll-gatherers
                 made
                 their
                 address
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 Commissionated
                 upright
                 Judges
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 he
                 Condemn'd
                 them
                 wheresoever
                 he
                 came
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 them
                 to
                 pay
                 the
                 Mulct
                 impos'd
                 upon
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 Persons
                 they
                 had
                 injur'd
                 ,
                 but
                 for
                 Offences
                 that
                 deserv'd
                 death
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 sentence
                 of
                 death
                 .
                 One
                 of
                 the
                 chief
                 of
                 these
                 Publicans
                 that
                 had
                 contracted
                 with
                 his
                 Master
                 for
                 his
                 Freedom
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 great
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 before
                 he
                 was
                 manumitted
                 ,
                 he
                 condemn'd
                 to
                 die
                 and
                 crucify'd
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 Those
                 that
                 were
                 condemn'd
                 by
                 the
                 Judges
                 ,
                 he
                 deliver'd
                 over
                 to
                 the
                 Persons
                 injur'd
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 by
                 them
                 carry'd
                 away
                 to
                 Prison
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 they
                 who
                 before
                 through
                 their
                 insolency
                 
                 and
                 covetousness
                 committed
                 all
                 manner
                 of
                 Injustice
                 ,
                 were
                 unexpectedly
                 hurried
                 away
                 to
                 the
                 Goal
                 by
                 them
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 injur'd
                 .
                 Moreover
                 by
                 discharging
                 his
                 own
                 Expences
                 and
                 the
                 Expences
                 of
                 his
                 Retinue
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 private
                 Purse
                 ,
                 he
                 soon
                 inclin'd
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Province
                 towards
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Rome
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Asellius
                
                 (
                 whose
                 Father
                 was
                 a
                 Quaestor
                 )
                 being
                 sent
                 Praetor
                 into
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 finding
                 
                 in
                 the
                 Province
                 great
                 Havock
                 and
                 Devastation
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 prudent
                 management
                 of
                 things
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 restor'd
                 it
                 to
                 its
                 former
                 state
                 and
                 condition
                 .
                 For
                 after
                 the
                 Example
                 of
                 Scoevola
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 choice
                 of
                 his
                 intimate
                 Friend
                 
                   Caius
                   Sempronius
                   Longus
                
                 for
                 his
                 Legate
                 ,
                 and
                 join'd
                 with
                 him
                 Publius
                 ,
                 the
                 famous
                 Roman
                 Knight
                 for
                 his
                 Counsellor
                 ,
                 who
                 then
                 resided
                 at
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 and
                 besides
                 the
                 goods
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 was
                 eminent
                 for
                 the
                 Virtues
                 of
                 his
                 Mind
                 ;
                 his
                 Piety
                 towards
                 the
                 Gods
                 is
                 sufficiently
                 testify'd
                 by
                 his
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 Gifts
                 ,
                 and
                 Adorning
                 of
                 the
                 Temples
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 quick
                 and
                 lively
                 use
                 of
                 all
                 his
                 Senses
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 moment
                 of
                 his
                 Life
                 was
                 an
                 evident
                 Argument
                 of
                 his
                 Sobriety
                 and
                 Temperance
                 :
                 And
                 his
                 Learning
                 ,
                 &
                 courteous
                 Disposition
                 are
                 apparent
                 from
                 the
                 great
                 Value
                 and
                 Esteem
                 he
                 ever
                 had
                 of
                 learned
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Bounty
                 and
                 Liberality
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Purse
                 towards
                 them
                 that
                 appli'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 study
                 of
                 the
                 Liberal
                 Arts
                 and
                 Sciences
                 .
                 Assellius
                 assisted
                 with
                 the
                 advice
                 of
                 those
                 two
                 Men
                 ,
                 who
                 continu'd
                 with
                 him
                 under
                 the
                 same
                 Roof
                 ,
                 and
                 sate
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 Judgment
                 
                 upon
                 the
                 Bench
                 ,
                 made
                 it
                 his
                 daily
                 care
                 to
                 reform
                 and
                 set
                 all
                 things
                 right
                 again
                 in
                 the
                 Province
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 In
                 the
                 Courts
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 he
                 aim'd
                 at
                 the
                 Publick
                 Good
                 ,
                 and
                 clear'd
                 the
                 Court
                 of
                 all
                 
                 Sycophants
                 ,
                 and
                 false
                 Accusers
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 was
                 his
                 chief
                 care
                 to
                 relieve
                 the
                 poorest
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 less
                 able
                 to
                 help
                 themselves
                 ;
                 for
                 whereas
                 the
                 other
                 Praetors
                 committed
                 the
                 care
                 of
                 Orphans
                 and
                 Widows
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 destitute
                 of
                 Friends
                 ,
                 to
                 Tutors
                 and
                 Guardians
                 that
                 were
                 Strangers
                 ,
                 he
                 lookt
                 after
                 them
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 decided
                 their
                 Causes
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 care
                 and
                 diligence
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 Relief
                 to
                 the
                 Oppressed
                 .
                 And
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 Governor
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 continually
                 using
                 his
                 utmost
                 endeavour
                 to
                 Suppress
                 both
                 private
                 and
                 publick
                 Injuries
                 ,
                 he
                 at
                 length
                 settled
                 the
                 Province
                 in
                 its
                 former
                 State
                 of
                 happiness
                 and
                 prosperity
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 
                   Marcus
                   Livius
                   Drusus
                
                 ,
                 tho'
                 he
                 was
                 very
                 young
                 ,
                 yet
                 was
                 adorn'd
                 with
                 whatever
                 
                 was
                 commendable
                 either
                 in
                 reference
                 to
                 his
                 Body
                 or
                 Mind
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 a
                 renown'd
                 Father
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 singularly
                 belov'd
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 both
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 noble
                 Birth
                 ,
                 and
                 virtuous
                 Qualifications
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 himself
                 for
                 Eloquence
                 excell'd
                 all
                 his
                 equals
                 in
                 Age
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 his
                 fellow
                 Citizens
                 in
                 Wealth
                 and
                 Riches
                 :
                 And
                 upon
                 the
                 account
                 of
                 his
                 Faithfulness
                 to
                 his
                 Word
                 ,
                 he
                 gain'd
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 Interest
                 and
                 Authority
                 among
                 the
                 Citizens
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 likewise
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 Spirit
                 ,
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 only
                 Patron
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Out
                 of
                 the
                 37th
                 BOOK
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 POmpoedius
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Marsians
                 ,
                 attempted
                 indeed
                 a
                 Great
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 most
                 Rash
                 and
                 inconsiderate
                 Act
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 pickt
                 out
                 10000
                 Soldiers
                 from
                 amongst
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 
                 were
                 afraid
                 of
                 suffering
                 due
                 punishment
                 for
                 their
                 Offences
                 ,
                 and
                 commanding
                 them
                 to
                 hide
                 their
                 Swords
                 under
                 their
                 Coats
                 ,
                 Marcht
                 with
                 them
                 towards
                 Rome
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 beset
                 the
                 Senate
                 round
                 with
                 this
                 Rabble
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 demand
                 the
                 Freedom
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 could
                 not
                 prevail
                 ,
                 to
                 lay
                 the
                 City
                 Wast
                 with
                 Fire
                 and
                 Sword.
                 Being
                 by
                 chance
                 met
                 
                 upon
                 the
                 Road
                 by
                 
                   Caius
                   Domitius
                
                 ,
                 he
                 askt
                 him
                 ,
                 whither
                 goest
                 thou
                 Pompedius
                 with
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 Company
                 ?
                 Who
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 to
                 Rome
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 sent
                 for
                 by
                 the
                 Tribunes
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 receiv'd
                 into
                 the
                 Freedom
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 But
                 Domitius
                 reply'd
                 ,
                 saying
                 ,
                 Thou
                 mayest
                 obtain
                 what
                 thou
                 seek'st
                 for
                 ,
                 with
                 far
                 more
                 ease
                 and
                 much
                 more
                 honesty
                 ,
                 if
                 thou
                 didst
                 not
                 make
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 in
                 a
                 Hostile
                 manner
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Senate
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 compelled
                 ,
                 but
                 intreated
                 and
                 petitioned
                 to
                 bestow
                 that
                 Grace
                 and
                 Favour
                 upon
                 the
                 Latines
                 ,
                 that
                 are
                 their
                 Allies
                 and
                 Confederates
                 .
                 The
                 Man
                 being
                 taken
                 with
                 this
                 ,
                 as
                 with
                 a
                 Divine
                 Admonition
                 from
                 Heaven
                 ,
                 and
                 over-perswaded
                 with
                 what
                 Domitius
                 had
                 said
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 return'd
                 home
                 .
                 And
                 thus
                 Domitius
                 by
                 his
                 seasonable
                 and
                 prudent
                 advice
                 ,
                 deliver'd
                 his
                 Country
                 from
                 dreadful
                 Mischiefs
                 that
                 threatned
                 it
                 ,
                 addressing
                 himself
                 to
                 Pompaedius
                 ,
                 much
                 better
                 than
                 Servilius
                 the
                 Proconsul
                 did
                 to
                 the
                 Picentians
                 .
                 For
                 he
                 spoke
                 not
                 to
                 them
                 as
                 to
                 Freemen
                 and
                 Allyes
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 to
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 and
                 insulted
                 over
                 them
                 with
                 the
                 greatest
                 scorn
                 and
                 contempt
                 imaginable
                 ,
                 and
                 threatn'd
                 and
                 terrifi'd
                 them
                 to
                 that
                 Degree
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 the
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Ruin
                 and
                 Destruction
                 both
                 of
                 himself
                 and
                 others
                 .
                 But
                 Domitius
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 by
                 his
                 Mild
                 and
                 calm
                 Discourse
                 ,
                 allay'd
                 the
                 Fury
                 and
                 Violence
                 of
                 the
                 Inrag'd
                 Multitude
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 There
                 was
                 one
                 Agamemnon
                 a
                 Cilician
                 ,
                 for
                 his
                 many
                 wicked
                 pranks
                 and
                 slaughters
                 of
                 the
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 was
                 committed
                 to
                 Prison
                 in
                 *
                 Asculum
                 by
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
                 This
                 Man
                 being
                 Releas'd
                 by
                 the
                 Picentians
                 ,
                 in
                 gratitude
                 for
                 the
                 kindness
                 shew'd
                 him
                 ,
                 Fought
                 resolutely
                 on
                 their
                 side
                 :
                 And
                 being
                 enur'd
                 to
                 Robberies
                 from
                 a
                 Boy
                 ,
                 joyning
                 with
                 others
                 of
                 the
                 like
                 Gang
                 ,
                 he
                 Wasted
                 and
                 Spoil'd
                 the
                 Enemies
                 Country
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 *
                 Pinna
                 ,
                 for
                 their
                 constant
                 Fidelity
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 fell
                 into
                 most
                 dreadful
                 calamities
                 ,
                 for
                 being
                 obstinately
                 resolv'd
                 not
                 to
                 desert
                 the
                 Romans
                 (
                 without
                 any
                 touch
                 or
                 Sense
                 of
                 Natural
                 affection
                 )
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 see
                 their
                 Children
                 knockt
                 on
                 the
                 Head
                 before
                 their
                 Eyes
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Suila
                
                 bravely
                 and
                 gallantly
                 perform'd
                 most
                 noble
                 Actions
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Fame
                 and
                 Renown
                 was
                 Blazon'd
                 all
                 over
                 the
                 City
                 :
                 And
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Rome
                 judg'd
                 him
                 worthy
                 of
                 
                 the
                 Consulship
                 ,
                 looking
                 upon
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 Man
                 Eminent
                 ,
                 both
                 for
                 Valour
                 and
                 Conduct
                 in
                 Martial
                 affairs
                 :
                 To
                 conclude
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 apparent
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 likely
                 to
                 arrive
                 at
                 the
                 highest
                 pitch
                 of
                 Glory
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Mithridates
                 having
                 conquer'd
                 the
                 Roman
                 Generals
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 taken
                 many
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 
                 sent
                 them
                 all
                 home
                 Cloth'd
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 provision
                 in
                 their
                 Snapsacks
                 .
                 This
                 mild
                 Passage
                 
                 was
                 cry'd
                 up
                 every
                 where
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 generally
                 came
                 flocking
                 in
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 insomuch
                 that
                 Ambassadors
                 came
                 to
                 him
                 from
                 all
                 Cities
                 ,
                 inviting
                 him
                 by
                 their
                 publick
                 Decrees
                 to
                 come
                 in
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 calling
                 him
                 their
                 God
                 ,
                 and
                 Deliverer
                 .
                 And
                 upon
                 notice
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 approach
                 ,
                 the
                 People
                 came
                 hudling
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 several
                 Cities
                 in
                 white
                 Garments
                 ,
                 to
                 to
                 Salute
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 receiv'd
                 him
                 with
                 great
                 joy
                 and
                 acclamation
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Mithridates
                 his
                 Party
                 sweeping
                 all
                 before
                 them
                 in
                 Asia
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 went
                 without
                 Controul
                 ,
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 strangely
                 Revolted
                 from
                 the
                 Romans
                 :
                 And
                 as
                 for
                 the
                 Lesbians
                 ,
                 they
                 resolv'd
                 not
                 only
                 to
                 yield
                 up
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 but
                 to
                 deliver
                 up
                 Aquilius
                 also
                 ,
                 
                 who
                 flew
                 away
                 to
                 Mitilene
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 there
                 to
                 be
                 Cur'd
                 of
                 a
                 Disease
                 .
                 Whereupon
                 they
                 sent
                 to
                 his
                 Lodgings
                 a
                 Company
                 of
                 choice
                 Youths
                 ,
                 Stout
                 and
                 Resolute
                 ,
                 who
                 came
                 rushing
                 into
                 the
                 Room
                 where
                 Aquilius
                 was
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 him
                 and
                 bound
                 him
                 ,
                 supposing
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 a
                 most
                 rare
                 Present
                 ,
                 and
                 very
                 acceptable
                 to
                 Mithridates
                 :
                 But
                 Aquilius
                 tho'
                 he
                 was
                 but
                 as
                 yet
                 a
                 Youth
                 ,
                 perform'd
                 a
                 most
                 Noble
                 and
                 Heroick
                 Act
                 ;
                 for
                 preferring
                 Death
                 before
                 Disgrace
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 punishments
                 of
                 a
                 Slave
                 ,
                 he
                 prevented
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 ready
                 to
                 hurry
                 him
                 away
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 himself
                 .
                 With
                 which
                 desperate
                 Act
                 ,
                 those
                 that
                 came
                 to
                 take
                 him
                 along
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 were
                 so
                 Terrifi'd
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 durst
                 not
                 approach
                 him
                 .
                 *
                 His
                 Valour
                 and
                 Resolution
                 therefore
                 was
                 cry'd
                 up
                 every
                 where
                 ,
                 who
                 by
                 the
                 putting
                 an
                 end
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 Life
                 ,
                 had
                 rescu'd
                 himself
                 with
                 an
                 undaunted
                 Courage
                 from
                 the
                 Torments
                 design'd
                 to
                 be
                 Executed
                 upon
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 7.
                 
                 In
                 order
                 to
                 a
                 Sea
                 Fight
                 ,
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 were
                 overmatcht
                 in
                 nothing
                 ,
                 but
                 in
                 the
                 number
                 of
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 all
                 other
                 respects
                 they
                 were
                 far
                 Superiour
                 ,
                 as
                 being
                 the
                 better
                 Pilots
                 ,
                 knew
                 better
                 how
                 to
                 order
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 ply
                 the
                 Oars
                 ,
                 had
                 the
                 more
                 sprightly
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 more
                 expert
                 Commanders
                 ;
                 whereas
                 on
                 the
                 contrary
                 ,
                 the
                 Cappadocians
                 were
                 but
                 Fresh
                 water
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 seldom
                 exercis'd
                 at
                 Sea
                 Fights
                 ,
                 and
                 ,
                 which
                 commonly
                 proves
                 the
                 Bane
                 of
                 all
                 ,
                 did
                 all
                 Tumultuously
                 and
                 without
                 any
                 Order
                 .
                 It
                 's
                 true
                 indeed
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 as
                 cheerful
                 and
                 ready
                 to
                 Ingage
                 as
                 the
                 Rhodians
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 to
                 Fight
                 just
                 under
                 the
                 King's
                 Eye
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 desir'd
                 to
                 approve
                 their
                 Loyalty
                 and
                 Affection
                 to
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 in
                 regard
                 they
                 only
                 overpowr'd
                 their
                 Enemies
                 in
                 number
                 of
                 Ships
                 ,
                 they
                 us'd
                 all
                 the
                 Arts
                 and
                 Contrivances
                 they
                 could
                 devise
                 ,
                 to
                 Surround
                 and
                 Hem
                 them
                 in
                 .
              
               
                 8.
                 
                 
                   Caius
                   Marius
                
                 was
                 the
                 most
                 renown'd
                 Person
                 of
                 any
                 of
                 his
                 time
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 young
                 ;
                 he
                 was
                 ambitious
                 of
                 Honour
                 and
                 Glory
                 ,
                 free
                 from
                 Covetousness
                 ,
                 and
                 perform'd
                 many
                 
                 noble
                 Acts
                 ,
                 both
                 in
                 Europe
                 and
                 Africa
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 his
                 Name
                 was
                 famous
                 ,
                 and
                 cry'd
                 up
                 in
                 all
                 Places
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 grew
                 old
                 ,
                 and
                 coveted
                 the
                 Riches
                 of
                 King
                 Mithridates
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Wealth
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 Asia
                 ,
                 and
                 sought
                 against
                 the
                 Laws
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 Province
                 which
                 was
                 allotted
                 to
                 
                   Cornelius
                   Sulla
                
                 ,
                 to
                 be
                 transferr'd
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 fell
                 justly
                 into
                 many
                 Calamities
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 miss'd
                 those
                 Riches
                 which
                 he
                 Coveted
                 ,
                 but
                 lost
                 all
                 that
                 were
                 his
                 own
                 ;
                 the
                 Quaestors
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 extraordinary
                 Covetousness
                 being
                 sent
                 ,
                 to
                 seize
                 upon
                 all
                 his
                 Goods
                 for
                 the
                 publick
                 Use
                 .
                 He
                 was
                 moreover
                 by
                 the
                 Judgment
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 condemn'd
                 to
                 die
                 ,
                 but
                 escap'd
                 that
                 punishment
                 by
                 flight
                 ,
                 and
                 wander'd
                 Solitarily
                 and
                 alone
                 ,
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 Italy
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 length
                 got
                 into
                 Numidia
                 ,
                 poor
                 and
                 destitute
                 of
                 all
                 things
                 Afterwards
                 when
                 the
                 Civil
                 Wars
                 broke
                 out
                 in
                 Rome
                 ,
                 he
                 join'd
                 with
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 judg'd
                 Enemies
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 Victorious
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 not
                 contented
                 with
                 his
                 Return
                 into
                 his
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 but
                 rais'd
                 great
                 Commotions
                 in
                 the
                 Commonwealth
                 ;
                 But
                 at
                 length
                 having
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Seventh
                 Consulship
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Misfortunes
                 ,
                 learn'd
                 the
                 inconstancy
                 of
                 Fortune
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 unwilling
                 to
                 put
                 things
                 to
                 a
                 hazard
                 any
                 more
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 foreseeing
                 the
                 dreadful
                 War
                 Sylla
                 was
                 bringing
                 upon
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 he
                 Murder'd
                 himself
                 ;
                 but
                 leaving
                 behind
                 him
                 the
                 Seeds
                 of
                 a
                 most
                 grievous
                 War
                 ,
                 he
                 involv'd
                 his
                 Son
                 and
                 Country
                 in
                 most
                 dreadful
                 Calamities
                 :
                 For
                 his
                 Son
                 being
                 forc'd
                 to
                 contest
                 with
                 an
                 Enemy
                 more
                 Potent
                 than
                 himself
                 ,
                 he
                 most
                 miserably
                 perisht
                 (
                 upon
                 taking
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 )
                 in
                 a
                 Vault
                 ,
                 whither
                 he
                 fled
                 to
                 hide
                 himself
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 Rome
                 ,
                 and
                 Cities
                 of
                 Italy
                 ,
                 having
                 been
                 now
                 long
                 ingag'd
                 in
                 a
                 cruel
                 War
                 ,
                 fell
                 under
                 most
                 dreadful
                 Calamities
                 .
                 For
                 two
                 principal
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 Scaevola
                 and
                 Crassus
                 ,
                 without
                 any
                 Course
                 of
                 Legal
                 proceedings
                 ,
                 were
                 Murder'd
                 in
                 the
                 Senate
                 ;
                 whose
                 cruel
                 Murder
                 plainly
                 evidenc'd
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 those
                 Miseries
                 that
                 then
                 threatned
                 both
                 the
                 City
                 and
                 all
                 Italy
                 .
                 For
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 most
                 eminent
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 were
                 slaughter'd
                 by
                 Sylla
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 less
                 than
                 100000
                 Soldiers
                 were
                 slain
                 ,
                 either
                 in
                 Mutinies
                 or
                 Battles
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 these
                 Miseries
                 were
                 at
                 first
                 occasion'd
                 by
                 the
                 Covetousness
                 only
                 of
                 Marius
                 .
              
               
                 9.
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Cornelius
                   Merula
                
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 chosen
                 Consul
                 in
                 the
                 room
                 of
                 Cinna
                 ;
                 when
                 Cinna
                 agreed
                 to
                 Peace
                 ,
                 upon
                 Condition
                 he
                 might
                 be
                 restored
                 to
                 the
                 Consulship
                 ,
                 approv'd
                 himself
                 a
                 good
                 Citizen
                 ,
                 and
                 evidenc'd
                 his
                 extraordinary
                 love
                 to
                 his
                 Country
                 .
                 For
                 addressing
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 and
                 People
                 ,
                 and
                 Discoursing
                 concerning
                 what
                 might
                 most
                 tend
                 to
                 the
                 publick
                 good
                 ,
                 he
                 promis'd
                 he
                 would
                 be
                 the
                 Procurer
                 of
                 Peace
                 ;
                 and
                 whereas
                 
                 he
                 was
                 chosen
                 Consul
                 much
                 against
                 his
                 Will
                 ,
                 he
                 declar'd
                 he
                 would
                 now
                 freely
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 accord
                 give
                 up
                 his
                 Authority
                 into
                 the
                 hands
                 to
                 Cinna
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 he
                 forthwith
                 surrendred
                 his
                 Consulship
                 ,
                 and
                 became
                 a
                 private
                 Man.
                 The
                 Senate
                 hereupon
                 sent
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 Cinna
                 ,
                 and
                 having
                 agreed
                 with
                 him
                 upon
                 the
                 Terms
                 of
                 Peace
                 ,
                 introduc'd
                 him
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 .
              
               
                 10.
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Sylla
                
                 being
                 greatly
                 straiten'd
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 rifled
                 Three
                 Temples
                 
                 that
                 were
                 full
                 of
                 devoted
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ,
                 that
                 is
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 Apollo
                 at
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 of
                 Aesculapius
                 at
                 Epidaurus
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 famous
                 Temple
                 of
                 Jupiter
                 at
                 Olympus
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 last
                 ,
                 he
                 carry'd
                 away
                 a
                 vast
                 Treasure
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 it
                 had
                 never
                 been
                 before
                 violated
                 .
                 But
                 as
                 to
                 the
                 Temple
                 at
                 Delphos
                 ,
                 the
                 Phocians
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 sacred
                 War
                 ,
                 had
                 drain'd
                 it
                 of
                 its
                 Wealth
                 .
                 When
                 Sylla
                 therefore
                 had
                 thus
                 heap'd
                 up
                 a
                 mighty
                 mass
                 of
                 Gold
                 and
                 Silver
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 sufficiently
                 furnish'd
                 with
                 Money
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 War
                 in
                 Italy
                 .
                 But
                 having
                 without
                 all
                 Fear
                 or
                 Sense
                 of
                 Religion
                 ,
                 thus
                 robb'd
                 the
                 Temples
                 ,
                 he
                 consecrated
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 Land
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 maintaining
                 of
                 yearly
                 Sacrifices
                 ,
                 in
                 lieu
                 of
                 the
                 Money
                 :
                 And
                 would
                 often
                 in
                 a
                 Joke
                 and
                 Jest
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 he
                 was
                 sure
                 to
                 be
                 Victorious
                 in
                 all
                 Encounters
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 the
                 Gods
                 for
                 his
                 Assistants
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 that
                 end
                 ,
                 had
                 help'd
                 him
                 with
                 Money
                 .
              
               
                 11.
                 
                 Fimbria
                 having
                 out-ran
                 Flaccus
                 ,
                 and
                 gotten
                 a
                 long
                 way
                 before
                 him
                 in
                 his
                 March
                 ,
                 
                 thought
                 he
                 had
                 now
                 gain'd
                 a
                 most
                 convenient
                 opportunity
                 for
                 some
                 Commotion
                 or
                 other
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 indear
                 the
                 Soldiery
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 permitted
                 them
                 to
                 make
                 incursions
                 into
                 the
                 Countreys
                 of
                 their
                 Allies
                 ,
                 and
                 make
                 what
                 havock
                 they
                 pleas'd
                 therein
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 take
                 Captive
                 every
                 one
                 they
                 met
                 withal
                 .
                 The
                 Soldiers
                 very
                 readily
                 embrac'd
                 the
                 License
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 within
                 few
                 days
                 ,
                 they
                 had
                 scrambl'd
                 together
                 abundance
                 of
                 Wealth
                 by
                 their
                 plundering
                 .
                 But
                 those
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 spoil'd
                 of
                 their
                 Goods
                 ,
                 went
                 to
                 meet
                 the
                 Consul
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 bitter
                 complaints
                 to
                 him
                 of
                 the
                 Injuries
                 they
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 much
                 troubl'd
                 at
                 the
                 business
                 ,
                 commanded
                 them
                 to
                 follow
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 would
                 see
                 restitution
                 made
                 to
                 every
                 one
                 that
                 had
                 suffer'd
                 ;
                 and
                 accordingly
                 with
                 Threats
                 he
                 commanded
                 Fimbria
                 to
                 return
                 forthwith
                 to
                 the
                 Owners
                 ,
                 whatsoever
                 had
                 been
                 taken
                 away
                 from
                 them
                 .
                 But
                 Fimbria
                 laid
                 all
                 the
                 blame
                 upon
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 who
                 did
                 this
                 without
                 any
                 Commission
                 from
                 him
                 ;
                 but
                 covertly
                 he
                 advis'd
                 them
                 ,
                 not
                 to
                 regard
                 the
                 Consul's
                 Command
                 ,
                 nor
                 suffer
                 that
                 to
                 be
                 taken
                 from
                 them
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 got
                 by
                 the
                 Law
                 of
                 Arms
                 :
                 Upon
                 this
                 ,
                 when
                 Flaccus
                 commanded
                 restitution
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 their
                 Rapine
                 ,
                 adding
                 threatning
                 to
                 his
                 commands
                 ,
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 refus'd
                 to
                 Obey
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 there
                 follow'd
                 a
                 great
                 Mutiny
                 in
                 the
                 Camp.
                 
              
               
                 12.
                 
                 Fimbria
                 having
                 again
                 cross'd
                 the
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 animated
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 Rapines
                 and
                 
                 all
                 kind
                 of
                 Villanies
                 ,
                 exacted
                 Moneys
                 from
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 divided
                 it
                 amongst
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 who
                 having
                 obtain'd
                 an
                 uncontroul'd
                 License
                 ,
                 did
                 what
                 they
                 listed
                 ,
                 and
                 allur'd
                 moreover
                 with
                 the
                 hopes
                 of
                 a
                 large
                 Income
                 ,
                 lov'd
                 Fimbria
                 as
                 one
                 who
                 had
                 deserv'd
                 extreamly
                 well
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Army
                 .
                 Moreover
                 those
                 Cities
                 that
                 had
                 stood
                 out
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 taken
                 'em
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 plunder
                 of
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 he
                 dealt
                 
                 with
                 *
                 Nicomedia
                 .
              
               
                 13.
                 
                 The
                 same
                 Fimbria
                 being
                 admitted
                 into
                 Cizicum
                 ,
                 professing
                 himself
                 a
                 Friend
                 to
                 the
                 
                 Place
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 was
                 got
                 in
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 Impeach
                 all
                 the
                 wealthiest
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 charge
                 them
                 with
                 some
                 Crime
                 or
                 other
                 :
                 Two
                 of
                 these
                 ,
                 the
                 principal
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 after
                 he
                 had
                 pass'd
                 Sentence
                 on
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 caus'd
                 to
                 be
                 whipt
                 with
                 Rods
                 ,
                 to
                 terrifie
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 struck
                 off
                 their
                 Heads
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 their
                 Goods
                 to
                 Sale
                 ,
                 and
                 forc'd
                 others
                 out
                 of
                 Fear
                 ,
                 to
                 give
                 him
                 all
                 they
                 had
                 ,
                 as
                 a
                 Ransom
                 for
                 their
                 Lives
                 .
              
               
                 14.
                 
                 
                   Cn.
                   Pompeius
                
                 addicted
                 himself
                 to
                 Martial
                 Affairs
                 ,
                 and
                 inur'd
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 hardships
                 and
                 Fatigues
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 in
                 a
                 short
                 time
                 he
                 became
                 very
                 expert
                 in
                 Military
                 Matters
                 :
                 For
                 casting
                 off
                 all
                 Sloth
                 and
                 Effeminateness
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 always
                 Night
                 and
                 Day
                 doing
                 something
                 or
                 other
                 that
                 was
                 useful
                 and
                 advantagious
                 for
                 matters
                 relating
                 to
                 War
                 :
                 For
                 he
                 was
                 very
                 sparing
                 in
                 his
                 Diet
                 ,
                 eat
                 his
                 Meat
                 sitting
                 ,
                 and
                 altogether
                 forbore
                 Baths
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 like
                 delights
                 .
                 He
                 allotted
                 but
                 a
                 few
                 Hours
                 of
                 the
                 Night
                 for
                 Sleep
                 ,
                 and
                 spent
                 the
                 rest
                 in
                 the
                 Cares
                 of
                 a
                 General
                 ,
                 relating
                 to
                 what
                 he
                 was
                 to
                 put
                 in
                 Execution
                 the
                 next
                 Day
                 ;
                 so
                 that
                 by
                 his
                 constant
                 forethoughts
                 of
                 the
                 uncertain
                 Events
                 of
                 War
                 ,
                 he
                 became
                 a
                 most
                 expert
                 Commander
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 ,
                 whereas
                 another
                 could
                 scarce
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 sit
                 himself
                 to
                 take
                 upon
                 him
                 the
                 Charge
                 of
                 an
                 Army
                 already
                 rais'd
                 ,
                 in
                 that
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 much
                 less
                 he
                 Rais'd
                 them
                 ,
                 Train'd
                 ,
                 and
                 Disciplin'd
                 them
                 .
                 And
                 when
                 the
                 News
                 of
                 his
                 famous
                 Exploits
                 was
                 brought
                 to
                 Rome
                 ,
                 every
                 Body
                 at
                 first
                 reflecting
                 upon
                 his
                 youth
                 ,
                 more
                 than
                 thinking
                 upon
                 his
                 Valour
                 ,
                 slighted
                 him
                 ,
                 supposing
                 the
                 Messengers
                 stretcht
                 in
                 their
                 Relations
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 things
                 look
                 bigger
                 ,
                 than
                 in
                 truth
                 they
                 were
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 the
                 certain
                 Event
                 confirm'd
                 the
                 former
                 Report
                 ,
                 the
                 Senate
                 sent
                 out
                 *
                 Junius
                 against
                 him
                 ,
                 whom
                 he
                 routed
                 and
                 put
                 to
                 Flight
                 .
              
               
               
                 15.
                 
                 
                   Lucius
                   Scipio's
                
                 Army
                 being
                 corrupted
                 ,
                 Revolted
                 ,
                 and
                 went
                 over
                 to
                 
                   Sylla
                   ;
                   Scipio
                
                 
                 now
                 looking
                 upon
                 himself
                 as
                 a
                 lost
                 Man
                 ,
                 Sylla
                 sent
                 to
                 him
                 a
                 Party
                 of
                 Horse
                 to
                 conduct
                 him
                 whithersoever
                 he
                 pleas'd
                 .
                 Being
                 therefore
                 forc'd
                 in
                 a
                 Moment
                 to
                 lay
                 aside
                 the
                 Ensigns
                 of
                 his
                 Authority
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 forthwith
                 by
                 the
                 courtesie
                 of
                 Sylla
                 ,
                 brought
                 in
                 a
                 private
                 Habit
                 to
                 the
                 Place
                 he
                 desir'd
                 .
                 But
                 presently
                 after
                 he
                 resum'd
                 the
                 Ensigns
                 of
                 his
                 Authority
                 ,
                 and
                 again
                 Marcht
                 forth
                 with
                 a
                 considerable
                 Army
                 .
              
               
                 16.
                 
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Persons
                 of
                 the
                 greatest
                 Quality
                 at
                 Rome
                 ,
                 by
                 false
                 accusations
                 ,
                 were
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 
                   Quintus
                   Mucius
                   Scaevola
                
                 ,
                 the
                 chief
                 Priest
                 ,
                 a
                 most
                 honourable
                 and
                 virtuous
                 Person
                 ,
                 came
                 to
                 an
                 unworthy
                 End
                 ,
                 only
                 the
                 Romans
                 were
                 fortunate
                 in
                 this
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 High
                 Priest
                 dy'd
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 most
                 Sacred
                 Place
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 cruelty
                 of
                 the
                 Murderers
                 was
                 such
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 laid
                 him
                 upon
                 the
                 very
                 *
                 Altar
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 cut
                 his
                 Throat
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Blood
                 ,
                 he
                 extinguish'd
                 that
                 Fire
                 that
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Religious
                 Devotion
                 ,
                 from
                 Ancient
                 times
                 was
                 ever
                 kept
                 Burning
                 .
              
               
                 17.
                 
                 The
                 Names
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 proscrib'd
                 ,
                 being
                 fixt
                 up
                 in
                 the
                 Market-place
                 ,
                 on
                 
                 a
                 sudden
                 a
                 Multitude
                 of
                 People
                 came
                 flocking
                 in
                 to
                 read
                 it
                 ,
                 of
                 whom
                 very
                 many
                 pity'd
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 thus
                 Condemn'd
                 to
                 die
                 .
                 But
                 one
                 amongst
                 the
                 rest
                 a
                 most
                 malicious
                 and
                 insolent
                 Fellow
                 ,
                 glory'd
                 over
                 the
                 miserable
                 Condition
                 of
                 the
                 afflicted
                 ,
                 and
                 bawl'd
                 out
                 most
                 spiteful
                 words
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 whom
                 some
                 incens'd
                 Deity
                 forthwith
                 repaid
                 with
                 a
                 just
                 Revenge
                 .
                 For
                 by
                 chance
                 reading
                 his
                 own
                 Name
                 ,
                 as
                 one
                 proscrib'd
                 at
                 the
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Roll
                 ,
                 he
                 presently
                 threw
                 his
                 Gown
                 over
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 began
                 to
                 fly
                 through
                 the
                 thickest
                 of
                 the
                 People
                 ,
                 but
                 being
                 known
                 to
                 one
                 that
                 stood
                 next
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 who
                 discover'd
                 him
                 to
                 be
                 one
                 condemn'd
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 instantly
                 surrounded
                 and
                 seiz'd
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 to
                 the
                 great
                 joy
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 heard
                 of
                 it
                 .
              
               
                 18.
                 
                 
                   Cneius
                   Pompeius
                
                 being
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 Praetor
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 appli'd
                 himself
                 to
                 the
                 business
                 
                 of
                 the
                 Courts
                 of
                 Justice
                 ,
                 and
                 deciding
                 both
                 publick
                 and
                 private
                 Controversies
                 ,
                 discharg'd
                 his
                 Office
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 diligence
                 and
                 integrity
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 ever
                 merited
                 more
                 Commendation
                 .
                 For
                 tho'
                 he
                 was
                 but
                 Two
                 and
                 twenty
                 years
                 of
                 Age
                 ,
                 a
                 time
                 which
                 might
                 have
                 drawn
                 him
                 off
                 by
                 foolish
                 youthful
                 Lusts
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 carri'd
                 himself
                 with
                 so
                 much
                 gravity
                 and
                 sobriety
                 all
                 the
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Virtue
                 of
                 the
                 young
                 Man
                 was
                 much
                 admir'd
                 by
                 all
                 the
                 Sicilians
                 .
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
               FRAGMENTS
               OUT
               OF
               The
               Lost
               Histories
               OF
               
                 Diodorus
                 Siculus
                 ,
                 CONCERNING
              
               EMBASSIES
               .
            
             
               
                 Published
                 by
              
               Fulvius
               Ursinus
               .
            
             
               LONDON
               ,
               Printed
               by
               
                 Edw.
                 Jones
              
               ,
               for
               A.
               and
               
                 J.
                 Churchill
              
               at
               the
               Black-Swan
               in
               Pater-Noster-Row
               :
               1699.
               
            
          
           
             
             
             
               To
               the
               READER
               .
            
             
               
                 THese
                 few
              
               Fragments
               ,
               
                 together
                 with
                 those
                 of
              
               Polybius
               ,
               Dionysius
               Halicarnassus
               ,
               Dion
               Casseus
               ,
               and
               Appian
               
                 were
                 Publish'd
                 in
                 the
                 Year
                 of
                 Our
                 Lord
                 1581.
                 
                 By
              
               Fulvius
               Ursinus
               a
               Roman
               
                 Born
                 ,
                 and
                 Eminently
                 Learn'd
                 ;
                 But
                 for
                 a
                 further
                 and
                 more
                 particular
                 Account
                 of
                 'em
                 ,
                 I
                 refer
                 the
                 Reader
                 to
                 the
                 Epistle
                 to
                 the
              
               Fragments
               of
               Valerius
               
                 plac'd
                 next
                 before
                 these
                 .
                 And
                 therefore
                 have
                 now
                 no
                 further
                 to
                 add
                 ,
                 but
                 an
                 acknowledgment
                 of
                 Thanks
                 due
                 to
                 a
                 Learned
                 Person
                 in
              
               Oxford
               ,
               
                 through
                 whose
                 Candor
                 the
                 Book
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 the
              
               Translation
               
                 of
                 these
              
               Fragments
               
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 was
                 brought
                 to
                 hand
                 for
                 perusal
                 .
              
            
             
               I.
               IN
               the
               Reign
               of
               
                 Tullus
                 Hostilius
              
               King
               of
               the
               Romans
               ,
               the
               Albans
               ,
               jealous
               of
               the
               
               growth
               of
               the
               Roman
               Power
               ,
               pretended
               that
               the
               Romans
               committed
               Thefts
               and
               Robberies
               in
               their
               Country
               ,
               and
               therefore
               sent
               Ambassadors
               to
               Rome
               to
               demand
               Justice
               ,
               with
               Instructions
               ,
               that
               if
               they
               did
               not
               hearken
               to
               them
               ,
               to
               denounce
               War
               against
               'em
               ;
               Hostilius
               the
               King
               of
               Rome
               understanding
               that
               they
               sought
               occasion
               to
               pick
               a
               Quarrel
               ,
               and
               begin
               a
               War
               ,
               Commanded
               his
               Friends
               and
               Officers
               to
               Entertain
               the
               Ambassadors
               courteously
               ,
               and
               persuade
               them
               to
               Peace
               and
               Amity
               .
               But
               the
               King
               not
               willing
               hastily
               to
               give
               'em
               Audience
               ,
               sent
               some
               in
               the
               mean
               time
               to
               the
               Albans
               with
               Orders
               and
               Instructions
               like
               to
               those
               of
               the
               Albans
               to
               him
               ;
               ordering
               this
               ,
               as
               prompted
               thereunto
               by
               
               that
               Antient
               Custom
               ,
               according
               to
               which
               the
               Old
               Romans
               studied
               nothing
               more
               than
               that
               their
               Wars
               should
               be
               Just
               and
               Warrantable
               :
               For
               he
               was
               very
               cautious
               lest
               not
               being
               able
               to
               find
               out
               the
               First
               Authors
               of
               the
               Depredations
               ,
               or
               such
               as
               were
               to
               be
               deliver'd
               up
               to
               the
               Demands
               of
               Justice
               ,
               he
               should
               be
               thought
               to
               be
               the
               first
               Fomenter
               of
               an
               unjust
               War.
               But
               it
               falling
               out
               that
               the
               Ambassadors
               that
               were
               sent
               to
               Alba
               were
               first
               denied
               Justice
               ;
               upon
               the
               30th
               .
               day
               they
               denounc'd
               War
               against
               the
               Albans
               .
               *
               The
               Albane
               Ambassadors
               ,
               according
               to
               their
               desires
               receiv'd
               Answer
               ,
               
                 That
                 they
                 being
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 deny'd
                 doing
                 Justice
                 ,
                 the
              
               Romans
               
                 were
                 they
                 that
                 now
                 denounc'd
                 War
                 against
                 them
                 .
              
               And
               these
               were
               the
               Reasons
               that
               the
               People
               ,
               who
               were
               before
               Ally'd
               by
               Marriages
               ,
               and
               at
               mutual
               
               Amity
               one
               with
               another
               ,
               now
               became
               Enemies
               ,
               and
               Alienated
               one
               from
               another
               .
            
             
               II.
               When
               Cambyses
               King
               of
               Persia
               was
               Lord
               of
               all
               Aegypt
               ,
               the
               Lybians
               and
               Cyrenians
               confederating
               with
               the
               Aegyptians
               ,
               sent
               Presents
               ,
               and
               promised
               entire
               Obedience
               and
               Subjection
               to
               their
               Commands
               .
            
             
               III.
               The
               Ambassadors
               that
               were
               sent
               from
               Nabis
               and
               *
               Flamininus
               to
               Rome
               concerning
               the
               terms
               of
               Peace
               ,
               after
               they
               had
               open'd
               to
               the
               Senate
               the
               Matters
               given
               them
               in
               Charge
               ;
               the
               Senate
               decreed
               the
               Articles
               to
               be
               confirm'd
               ,
               and
               that
               all
               their
               Garisons
               should
               be
               remov'd
               ,
               and
               their
               Forces
               drawn
               out
               of
               all
               parts
               of
               Greece
               .
               When
               Flamininus
               heard
               of
               the
               Senate's
               Decree
               ,
               he
               Summon'd
               all
               the
               Nobility
               of
               Greece
               from
               all
               parts
               ,
               to
               meet
               in
               a
               General
               Council
               ,
               where
               he
               rehears'd
               to
               'em
               the
               great
               Kindnesses
               and
               Good
               will
               of
               the
               Romans
               towards
               the
               Grecians
               ,
               and
               Apologiz'd
               for
               the
               matter
               relating
               to
               Nabis
               ,
               because
               they
               did
               in
               that
               Affair
               ,
               as
               far
               as
               they
               were
               able
               .
               He
               told
               them
               likewise
               ,
               that
               according
               to
               their
               Desire
               all
               the
               Inhabitants
               of
               Greece
               should
               be
               free
               and
               eas'd
               of
               all
               their
               Garisons
               ,
               and
               above
               all
               ,
               be
               Govern'd
               by
               their
               own
               Laws
               .
               But
               he
               begg'd
               the
               Greeks
               would
               so
               far
               Gratifie
               him
               ,
               as
               to
               enquire
               what
               Italian
               Servants
               were
               among
               'em
               ,
               and
               to
               discharge
               them
               within
               Thirty
               Days
               ;
               which
               was
               done
               accordingly
               .
            
             
               IV.
               The
               Senate
               again
               gave
               Audience
               to
               the
               Grecian
               Ambassadors
               ,
               and
               Caress'd
               'em
               with
               very
               fair
               words
               ,
               desirous
               to
               have
               them
               earnest
               and
               forward
               in
               the
               prosecution
               of
               the
               War
               against
               *
               Antiochus
               ,
               which
               they
               suddenly
               expected
               .
               They
               gave
               Answer
               likewise
               to
               the
               Ambassadors
               of
               *
               Philip
               ,
               that
               because
               he
               maintain'd
               his
               Fidelity
               they
               would
               free
               him
               from
               Tribute
               ,
               and
               discharge
               his
               Son
               *
               Demetrius
               .
               And
               to
               those
               that
               came
               from
               Antiochus
               they
               appointed
               Ten
               of
               the
               Senate
               to
               hear
               what
               they
               said
               they
               had
               in
               charge
               from
               the
               King.
               When
               the
               Commissioners
               sate
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               Ambassadors
               nam'd
               Menippus
               ,
               President
               of
               the
               Embassie
               ,
               Declar'd
               ,
               that
               they
               came
               to
               make
               up
               a
               League
               of
               Friendship
               and
               Confederacy
               between
               the
               Romans
               and
               Antiochus
               .
               But
               he
               said
               that
               the
               King
               greatly
               wondred
               for
               what
               manner
               of
               reason
               the
               Romans
               should
               lay
               their
               Commands
               
               upon
               him
               ,
               what
               parts
               of
               Europe
               he
               should
               make
               his
               Concern
               ;
               What
               Cities
               he
               should
               not
               meddle
               with
               ,
               nor
               collect
               the
               Tributes
               of
               some
               that
               were
               in
               Arrear
               ;
               that
               it
               was
               not
               usual
               for
               those
               that
               are
               making
               a
               Treaty
               upon
               equal
               Terms
               ,
               but
               for
               the
               Conquerors
               ,
               to
               Impose
               in
               such
               a
               manner
               ;
               And
               that
               their
               Ambassadors
               that
               were
               sent
               to
               him
               to
               Lysimachia
               ,
               imperiously
               charg'd
               him
               with
               these
               things
               :
               That
               Antiochus
               had
               no
               War
               with
               the
               Romans
               ,
               and
               if
               they
               have
               a
               mind
               to
               enter
               into
               an
               Alliance
               and
               League
               with
               him
               ,
               he
               was
               ready
               .
               Flamininus
               Answer'd
               ,
               there
               were
               two
               things
               propounded
               by
               the
               Senate
               ,
               let
               him
               chuse
               which
               of
               them
               he
               wou'd
               ;
               and
               that
               is
               ,
               If
               he
               would
               relinquish
               all
               his
               Pretences
               in
               Europe
               ,
               the
               Romans
               would
               not
               meddle
               with
               his
               Concerns
               in
               Asia
               :
               And
               if
               this
               did
               not
               please
               him
               ,
               then
               they
               were
               to
               let
               the
               King
               know
               that
               the
               Romans
               would
               assist
               their
               Friends
               and
               Allies
               when
               opprest
               .
               The
               Ambassadors
               reply'd
               ,
               They
               could
               not
               agree
               to
               any
               thing
               that
               might
               impair
               the
               King's
               Sovereignty
               .
               The
               next
               day
               the
               Senate
               told
               the
               Grecians
               ,
               That
               if
               Antiochus
               did
               busy
               himself
               ,
               and
               intermeddle
               with
               any
               thing
               in
               Europe
               ,
               the
               Romans
               wou'd
               with
               all
               their
               Care
               and
               Diligence
               imaginable
               set
               free
               all
               the
               Greeks
               that
               were
               in
               Asia
               .
               The
               Grecian
               Ambassadors
               hereupon
               approved
               of
               all
               by
               an
               Applause
               ,
               but
               the
               King's
               Ambassadors
               intreated
               the
               Senate
               that
               they
               would
               consider
               into
               what
               Dangers
               and
               Miseries
               both
               Parties
               would
               be
               brought
               ,
               and
               not
               to
               be
               rash
               in
               their
               Resolves
               ,
               but
               that
               they
               wou'd
               give
               the
               King
               time
               to
               consult
               ,
               and
               themselves
               to
               be
               better
               advis'd
               about
               these
               things
               .
            
             
               V.
               As
               to
               the
               Aetolian
               Ambassadors
               that
               sought
               for
               Peace
               ,
               the
               Senate
               decreed
               ,
               that
               they
               should
               either
               give
               up
               all
               their
               Country
               to
               the
               Romans
               ,
               or
               forthwith
               pay
               to
               them
               a
               
               Thousand
               Talents
               of
               Silver
               ,
               upon
               this
               severe
               Answer
               (
               never
               suspecting
               any
               such
               thing
               would
               have
               been
               enjoyn'd
               )
               they
               were
               seized
               with
               great
               Fear
               ,
               and
               being
               that
               they
               had
               adher'd
               to
               the
               *
               King
               they
               fell
               into
               inextricable
               streights
               and
               perplexities
               ,
               not
               having
               any
               means
               left
               ,
               or
               way
               open
               to
               escape
               utter
               Ruin.
               
            
             
               VI.
               Antiochus
               hearing
               that
               the
               Romans
               had
               pass'd
               over
               into
               Asia
               ,
               sent
               Heraclides
               of
               Byzantium
               to
               Treat
               with
               the
               Consul
               about
               a
               Peace
               ,
               with
               offers
               to
               bear
               half
               of
               the
               Charges
               
               of
               the
               War
               ;
               to
               give
               up
               
                 Lampsacus
                 ,
                 Smyrna
              
               ,
               and
               Alexandria
               ,
               upon
               the
               account
               of
               which
               Cities
               he
               conceiv'd
               the
               War
               broke
               forth
               :
               For
               those
               were
               the
               first
               of
               all
               the
               Greek
               Cities
               of
               Asia
               that
               by
               their
               Ambassadors
               to
               the
               Senate
               ,
               pray'd
               the
               Assistance
               of
               the
               Romans
               for
               the
               regaining
               of
               their
               Liberty
               .
            
             
               VII
               .
               Antiochus
               promis'd
               
                 Publius
                 Scipio
              
               the
               President
               of
               the
               Council
               to
               release
               his
               Son
               
               without
               Ransom
               ,
               whom
               he
               had
               taken
               prisoner
               when
               he
               lay
               about
               the
               Island
               Eubaea
               :
               and
               besides
               this
               ,
               that
               he
               would
               give
               him
               a
               great
               Sum
               of
               Money
               upon
               the
               obtaining
               of
               a
               Peace
               .
               Scipio
               answer'd
               that
               he
               would
               return
               the
               King
               Thanks
               for
               the
               Release
               of
               his
               Son
               ,
               but
               that
               he
               did
               not
               want
               those
               Sums
               ;
               and
               in
               requital
               of
               so
               remarkable
               a
               Kindness
               ,
               he
               advis'd
               him
               as
               a
               Friend
               not
               to
               withstand
               the
               Pomans
               ,
               of
               whose
               Valour
               he
               had
               had
               Experience
               .
               But
               Antiochus
               judging
               those
               terms
               to
               be
               harder
               than
               were
               fit
               to
               be
               comply'd
               with
               ,
               rejected
               his
               Advice
               .
            
             
               VIII
               .
               In
               Rome
               before
               the
               overthrow
               of
               Antiochus
               ,
               the
               Ambassadors
               from
               the
               Aetolians
               being
               brought
               into
               the
               Senate
               ,
               and
               not
               in
               the
               least
               excusing
               the
               Faults
               ,
               but
               setting
               forth
               the
               great
               Services
               the
               Aetolians
               had
               perform'd
               to
               the
               Roman
               State
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               Senate
               rose
               up
               and
               ask'd
               the
               Ambassadors
               whether
               the
               Aetolians
               had
               given
               up
               themselves
               to
               the
               Protection
               of
               the
               Romans
               ?
               The
               Ambassadors
               being
               hereupon
               silent
               and
               dumb
               ,
               the
               Senate
               suspecting
               that
               the
               Aetolians
               fixt
               their
               hopes
               in
               Antiochus
               ,
               sent
               them
               back
               into
               Greece
               with
               a
               fruitless
               Embassy
               .
            
             
               IX
               .
               Antiochus
               laying
               aside
               all
               thoughts
               of
               War
               ,
               sent
               Ambassadors
               to
               the
               Consul
               to
               ask
               
               Pardon
               for
               his
               Miscarriages
               ,
               and
               to
               procure
               a
               Peace
               upon
               any
               terms
               that
               possibly
               might
               be
               had
               .
               The
               Consul
               keeping
               close
               to
               the
               Moderation
               and
               Clemency
               of
               his
               Country
               ,
               and
               advis'd
               likewise
               by
               his
               Brother
               *
               Publius
               ,
               agreed
               to
               a
               Peace
               upon
               these
               Conditions
               ;
               
                 That
                 the
                 King
                 should
                 leave
                 all
                 Europe
                 to
                 the
                 Romans
                 ,
                 and
                 part
                 likewise
                 with
                 all
                 the
                 Countries
                 and
                 Cities
                 lying
                 on
                 this
                 side
                 the
                 Taurus
                 ;
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 give
                 up
                 all
                 his
                 Elephants
                 and
                 long
                 Ships
                 ,
                 and
                 pay
                 all
                 the
                 Charges
                 and
                 Expences
                 occasion'd
                 by
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 computed
                 to
                 Fifteen
                 thousand
                 Eubaean
                 Talents
                 .
                 That
                 he
                 should
                 deliver
                 up
                 into
                 their
                 Hands
                 Hannibal
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 ,
                 and
                 Thoas
                 the
                 Aetolian
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 give
                 Twenty
                 Hostages
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 the
                 Romans
                 should
                 nominate
                 .
              
               Antiochus
               out
               of
               a
               longing
               desire
               of
               Peace
               having
               accepted
               these
               Conditions
               was
               freed
               from
               the
               War.
               
            
             
               X.
               After
               the
               overthrow
               of
               Antiochus
               there
               came
               Ambassadors
               from
               all
               the
               Cities
               and
               
               States
               of
               Asia
               ,
               some
               concerning
               the
               Freedom
               of
               their
               Cities
               ,
               others
               relating
               to
               Congratulations
               for
               the
               good
               Services
               they
               had
               done
               for
               Rome
               ,
               in
               joining
               in
               the
               War
               against
               Antiochus
               .
               To
               all
               which
               the
               Senate
               gave
               great
               Encouragement
               ,
               and
               said
               they
               would
               send
               Ten
               Commissioners
               into
               Asia
               ,
               who
               with
               the
               *
               Generals
               should
               bring
               all
               Orders
               
               with
               them
               .
               When
               the
               Ambassadors
               were
               return'd
               into
               their
               own
               Countries
               ,
               the
               Ten
               Commissioners
               with
               Scipio
               and
               Aemilius
               met
               in
               Council
               together
               ,
               and
               decreed
               that
               the
               Regions
               on
               this
               side
               
                 T
                 〈…〉
                 us
              
               should
               be
               given
               to
               Eumenes
               ,
               and
               the
               Elephants
               .
               But
               Caria
               and
               Lycia
               they
               assign'd
               to
               the
               Rhodians
               .
               They
               order'd
               likewise
               that
               such
               Cities
               as
               paid
               Tribute
               to
               Eumenes
               should
               be
               subject
               to
               him
               ;
               but
               that
               such
               as
               were
               Tributary
               to
               Antiochus
               should
               be
               freed
               from
               all
               Tribute
               whatsoever
               .
            
             
               XI
               .
               When
               the
               *
               Galatian
               Ambassadors
               came
               to
               
                 Cncius
                 Manlius
              
               the
               Proconsul
               to
               Treat
               for
               Peace
               ,
               he
               answer'd
               he
               wou'd
               come
               to
               terms
               of
               Peace
               with
               them
               when
               their
               Kings
               came
               to
               him
               .
            
             
               XII
               .
               The
               same
               coming
               into
               Lycaonia
               brought
               *
               Corn
               that
               was
               due
               from
               Antiochus
               ,
               and
               the
               yearly
               Tribute
               of
               a
               Thousand
               Talents
               according
               to
               the
               Articles
               of
               Peace
               .
            
             
               XIII
               .
               The
               General
               Assembly
               of
               the
               Achaians
               coming
               together
               in
               Peloponnesus
               ,
               the
               Roman
               Commissioners
               met
               them
               ,
               and
               Declar'd
               that
               the
               Senate
               was
               much
               displeas'd
               at
               the
               
               demolishing
               of
               the
               Walls
               of
               Lacedemon
               ,
               which
               was
               done
               by
               the
               States
               of
               Achaia
               when
               they
               were
               Lords
               of
               Sparta
               ,
               and
               had
               brought
               the
               Lacedemonians
               as
               Members
               into
               the
               same
               Common-wealth
               .
               To
               this
               Assembly
               came
               the
               Ambassadors
               of
               Eumenes
               ,
               and
               brought
               along
               with
               them
               a
               *
               Present
               of
               Twenty
               Talents
               ;
               out
               of
               which
               the
               King
               intended
               the
               Charge
               of
               such
               as
               were
               Members
               of
               the
               Achaian
               Senate
               should
               be
               defraid
               .
               But
               the
               Achaians
               disliking
               the
               disposal
               of
               the
               Money
               refus'd
               the
               Gift
               .
               Thither
               likewise
               came
               Ambassadors
               from
               Seleucus
               ,
               to
               renew
               the
               League
               formerly
               made
               between
               the
               Achaians
               and
               Antiochus
               ,
               which
               League
               they
               renew'd
               and
               accepted
               the
               Present
               sent
               from
               him
               .
            
             
               XIV
               .
               Ambassadors
               coming
               to
               Rome
               from
               the
               Kings
               and
               Princes
               of
               Asia
               ,
               those
               Princes
               with
               Attalus
               had
               a
               Noble
               Reception
               ,
               for
               they
               were
               met
               with
               great
               State.
               and
               Pomp
               ,
               and
               Presented
               with
               Rich
               Gifts
               ,
               and
               other
               extraordinary
               marks
               of
               Respect
               and
               Favour
               ;
               for
               for
               these
               Princes
               were
               fast
               Friends
               to
               the
               Romans
               ,
               and
               observant
               in
               every
               thing
               to
               the
               Senate
               ;
               and
               besides
               ,
               having
               courteously
               Entertain'd
               above
               all
               others
               those
               Romans
               that
               came
               to
               visit
               the
               *
               Queen
               ,
               they
               were
               judg'd
               worthy
               of
               the
               most
               Honourable
               Recption
               .
               For
               these
               Reasons
               the
               Senate
               having
               heard
               all
               the
               Ambassadors
               ,
               and
               especially
               desirous
               to
               gratifie
               the
               Princes
               that
               belong'd
               to
               Eumenes
               ,
               return'd
               them
               a
               Gracious
               Answer
               ;
               For
               they
               signified
               that
               they
               would
               send
               Delegates
               from
               the
               Senate
               to
               put
               a
               full
               end
               to
               the
               War
               with
               Pharnaces
               .
            
             
               XV.
               The
               defrauding
               of
               Creditors
               in
               Thessaly
               ,
               setting
               all
               in
               a
               Flame
               among
               the
               Aetolians
               ,
               and
               every
               City
               being
               fill'd
               with
               Seditions
               ,
               and
               Tumults
               ;
               the
               Senate
               suspected
               that
               all
               this
               Confusion
               was
               caus'd
               by
               *
               Perseus
               ,
               and
               Declar'd
               to
               his
               Ambassadors
               that
               they
               wou'd
               acquit
               him
               of
               other
               Crimes
               whereof
               he
               was
               accus'd
               :
               But
               as
               to
               his
               ejecting
               of
               Abrupolis
               King
               of
               Thrace
               out
               of
               his
               Kingdom
               ;
               they
               commanded
               Perseus
               ,
               to
               *
               rectifie
               what
               he
               had
               done
               .
            
             
               XVI
               .
               When
               Arpalus
               Perseus's
               Ambassador
               was
               silent
               ,
               the
               Senate
               so
               far
               Honour'd
               Eumenes
               as
               to
               present
               him
               with
               an
               Ivory
               *
               Chariot
               ,
               and
               conferr'd
               upon
               him
               other
               Honours
               ,
               and
               with
               special
               Favour
               and
               Respect
               sent
               him
               away
               into
               Asia
               .
            
             
               XVII
               .
               The
               same
               day
               the
               Senate
               decreed
               the
               War
               against
               Perseus
               ,
               and
               declar'd
               it
               to
               the
               Ambassadors
               ,
               but
               return'd
               no
               Answer
               ;
               and
               Commanded
               the
               Consuls
               expresly
               to
               reject
               *
               them
               in
               the
               Assemblies
               ,
               and
               order'd
               that
               the
               Ambassadors
               and
               all
               the
               Macedonians
               should
               that
               very
               day
               depart
               out
               of
               Rome
               ,
               and
               within
               Thirty
               Days
               out
               of
               Italy
               .
            
             
               XVIII
               .
               *
               Ptolemy
               King
               of
               Egypt
               knowing
               that
               his
               Ancestors
               had
               been
               formerly
               Lords
               of
               
                 Caelo
                 Syria
              
               made
               great
               preparations
               to
               gain
               that
               justly
               ,
               even
               by
               the
               Law
               of
               Nations
               that
               was
               before
               lost
               by
               an
               unjust
               War.
               *
               Antiochus
               having
               intelligence
               of
               these
               preparations
               ,
               sent
               Ambassadours
               to
               Rome
               ,
               Commanding
               them
               to
               acquaint
               the
               Senate
               ,
               that
               Ptolemy
               had
               begun
               an
               unjust
               War
               against
               him
               ;
               But
               he
               before
               nam'd
               ,
               sent
               Ambassadors
               to
               make
               his
               Defence
               ,
               and
               to
               inform
               the
               Senate
               how
               Antiochus
               against
               all
               Right
               and
               Justice
               Lorded
               it
               over
               
                 Caelo
                 Syria
              
               ,
               being
               
               Ptolemy's
               own
               Inheritance
               ,
               descended
               to
               him
               from
               his
               Ancestors
               .
               But
               he
               order'd
               them
               to
               renew
               Friendship
               with
               the
               Romans
               ,
               and
               to
               endeavour
               to
               
               put
               an
               end
               to
               the
               War
               against
               Perseus
               ,
            
             
               XIX
               .
               Ambassadors
               came
               to
               Rome
               from
               Rhodes
               to
               clear
               themselves
               of
               those
               Crimes
               that
               were
               charg'd
               against
               'em
               ;
               For
               in
               the
               War
               against
               Perseus
               they
               seem'd
               in
               their
               Hearts
               to
               lean
               to
               the
               King
               ,
               and
               to
               be
               loose
               in
               their
               Friendship
               towards
               the
               
                 Romans
                 ;
              
               )
               But
               perceiving
               the
               aversion
               and
               displeasure
               of
               the
               Senate
               against
               'em
               ,
               they
               were
               greatly
               dejected
               ;
               
               and
               when
               one
               of
               the
               *
               Praetors
               (
               who
               had
               call'd
               together
               an
               Assembly
               )
               stirr'd
               up
               the
               People
               to
               a
               War
               against
               the
               Rhodians
               ,
               they
               were
               exceedingly
               afraid
               upon
               the
               Account
               of
               their
               Country
               ,
               and
               fell
               into
               that
               Consternation
               ,
               that
               they
               put
               on
               Mourning
               Habits
               ,
               not
               any
               longer
               making
               their
               Demands
               ,
               or
               Solliciting
               after
               the
               usual
               freedom
               of
               Friends
               ,
               but
               Deprecating
               with
               Tears
               ,
               that
               nothing
               that
               was
               Remediless
               might
               be
               decreed
               
               against
               '
               em
               .
               But
               one
               of
               the
               *
               Tribunes
               introducing
               them
               into
               the
               Senate
               ,
               and
               violently
               plucking
               down
               the
               Praetor
               from
               the
               Desks
               ,
               who
               was
               stirring
               them
               up
               to
               the
               War
               ,
               he
               caus'd
               them
               to
               speak
               ,
               who
               saying
               many
               things
               in
               a
               way
               of
               humble
               Supplication
               ,
               receiv'd
               such
               an
               Answer
               as
               altogether
               freed
               them
               from
               their
               excessive
               Fears
               ;
               But
               for
               some
               of
               their
               Crimes
               they
               were
               sharply
               rebuk'd
               .
            
             
               XX.
               About
               this
               time
               came
               Ambassadors
               to
               Rome
               from
               all
               parts
               to
               Congratnlate
               their
               Victories
               ;
               the
               Senate
               courteously
               receiv'd
               them
               all
               ,
               and
               returning
               them
               Gracious
               Answers
               ,
               presently
               sent
               them
               back
               into
               their
               own
               Country
               .
            
             
               XXI
               .
               About
               this
               time
               there
               being
               many
               Ambassadors
               arriv'd
               ,
               the
               Senate
               first
               dispatch'd
               those
               that
               came
               along
               with
               Attalus
               .
               For
               the
               Romans
               were
               jealous
               of
               Eumenes
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               some
               Letters
               that
               were
               intercepted
               ,
               by
               which
               it
               appear'd
               that
               he
               had
               confederated
               with
               Perseus
               against
               the
               Romans
               ,
               being
               likewise
               accus'd
               by
               many
               Ambassadors
               that
               came
               out
               of
               Asia
               ,
               and
               especially
               by
               those
               that
               were
               sent
               from
               King
               *
               Prusias
               ,
               and
               the
               Gallo-Greeks
               ;
               those
               with
               Attalus
               readily
               answer'd
               to
               every
               Article
               of
               the
               Charge
               ,
               and
               not
               only
               clear'd
               themselves
               of
               all
               the
               Crimes
               ,
               but
               return'd
               home
               with
               much
               Honour
               and
               Reputation
               .
               However
               ,
               the
               Senate
               did
               not
               altogether
               lay
               aside
               the
               Suspicion
               of
               Eumenes
               :
               but
               pitching
               upon
               Caius
               ,
               sent
               him
               away
               strictly
               to
               observe
               his
               Affairs
               and
               Motions
               .
            
             
               XXII
               .
               Prusias
               became
               unworthy
               of
               the
               Royal
               Dignity
               ,
               spent
               his
               days
               basely
               and
               sordidly
               in
               flattering
               his
               Superiours
               ;
               and
               when
               the
               Roman
               Ambassadors
               came
               to
               him
               ,
               he
               threw
               aside
               the
               Ensigns
               of
               Royalty
               the
               Diadem
               and
               the
               Purple
               ,
               and
               imitating
               exactly
               the
               Garb
               of
               the
               Roman
               Libertines
               ,
               met
               the
               Ambassadors
               with
               his
               Head
               shaven
               ,
               and
               wearing
               a
               White
               Cap
               ,
               and
               having
               on
               the
               Gown
               and
               *
               Shooes
               of
               a
               Manumitted
               Slave
               ,
               so
               Saluted
               the
               Ambassadors
               ,
               Declaring
               himself
               to
               be
               a
               *
               Libertine
               of
               the
               Romans
               ,
               then
               
               which
               it
               's
               no
               easie
               matter
               to
               find
               a
               more
               dishonourable
               Title
               ;
               and
               many
               other
               such
               mean
               things
               he
               had
               done
               before
               .
               And
               when
               he
               came
               to
               the
               Portico
               of
               the
               Senate-House
               ,
               standing
               at
               the
               Door
               straight
               over
               against
               the
               Senators
               ,
               he
               fell
               down
               prostrate
               upon
               both
               
               Hands
               ,
               kissing
               the
               Threshold
               ,
               and
               cry'd
               out
               with
               a
               loud
               voice
               to
               them
               as
               they
               sate
               ,
               
                 All
                 Health
                 !
                 Ye
                 Gods
                 !
                 The
                 Saviours
                 !
              
               not
               sparing
               any
               high-soaring
               Compliments
               of
               unmanly
               Flattery
               and
               Effeminacy
               .
               And
               moreover
               ,
               making
               a
               Speech
               in
               the
               Senate
               agreeable
               to
               his
               sordid
               Deportment
               ,
               he
               proceeded
               so
               far
               as
               is
               a
               shame
               for
               me
               to
               write
               .
               But
               the
               Senate
               being
               offended
               at
               many
               things
               he
               said
               ,
               return'd
               him
               Answer
               suitable
               to
               his
               Flatteries
               .
               For
               the
               Romans
               are
               eager
               chiefly
               to
               conquer
               a
               Stout
               and
               Couragious
               Enemy
               .
            
             
               XXIII
               .
               Ambassadors
               came
               to
               Rome
               both
               from
               the
               younger
               and
               the
               elder
               Ptolemy
               .
               An
               Account
               of
               Affairs
               being
               given
               to
               those
               in
               the
               Assembly
               ,
               the
               Senate
               upon
               hearing
               of
               
               part
               decreed
               ,
               that
               the
               Ambassadors
               from
               the
               *
               elder
               Ptolemy
               should
               depart
               out
               of
               Italy
               within
               Five
               Days
               at
               most
               ,
               and
               the
               Confederacy
               be
               broken
               off
               .
               But
               that
               Ambassadors
               should
               be
               sent
               to
               the
               *
               younger
               Ptolemy
               to
               Declare
               to
               him
               the
               Good
               Will
               of
               the
               Senate
               ,
               and
               those
               things
               that
               had
               been
               signify'd
               to
               his
               Brother
               .
            
             
               XXIV
               .
               About
               the
               155
               Olympiad
               ,
               Ambassadors
               came
               from
               *
               Ariarathes
               bringing
               a
               Crown
               of
               the
               value
               of
               10000
               pieces
               of
               Gold
               ,
               signifying
               the
               Good
               Will
               the
               King
               bore
               to
               the
               Romans
               ,
               and
               that
               upon
               their
               account
               he
               had
               prohibited
               Marriage
               and
               Amity
               with
               Demetrius
               ;
               which
               was
               attested
               and
               confirm'd
               by
               the
               Ambassadors
               from
               Greece
               .
               The
               Senate
               commended
               Ariarathes
               and
               accepted
               the
               Crown
               ,
               and
               sent
               back
               to
               him
               such
               *
               Presents
               as
               were
               of
               greatest
               Esteem
               among
               the
               Romans
               .
            
             
               XXV
               .
               At
               the
               same
               time
               Ambassadors
               came
               from
               Demetrius
               bringing
               likewise
               a
               Crown
               of
               the
               value
               of
               10000
               pieces
               of
               Gold
               ,
               and
               those
               prisoners
               that
               were
               guilty
               of
               the
               Murther
               of
               Octavus
               :
               But
               the
               Senate
               had
               a
               long
               Debate
               what
               was
               best
               and
               most
               advisable
               to
               do
               in
               these
               Concerns
               ;
               at
               last
               they
               accepted
               the
               Crown
               ,
               but
               wou'd
               not
               receive
               *
               Isocrates
               and
               *
               Leptinas
               that
               were
               offer'd
               to
               be
               deliver'd
               up
               to
               them
               .
            
             
               XXVI
               .
               The
               *
               Celtiberians
               after
               the
               Victory
               ,
               wisely
               foreseeing
               what
               wou'd
               follow
               ,
               sent
               Ambassadors
               to
               the
               Consul
               to
               Treat
               of
               Peace
               ,
               but
               he
               looking
               upon
               it
               necessary
               to
               keep
               up
               the
               Grandeur
               and
               Magnanimity
               of
               his
               Country
               ,
               made
               Answer
               ,
               
                 That
                 they
                 must
                 either
                 give
                 up
                 all
                 to
                 the
              
               Romans
               ,
               
                 or
                 else
                 be
                 Victors
                 in
                 the
                 War.
                 
              
            
             
               XXVII
               .
               When
               the
               Romans
               were
               at
               War
               with
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               the
               Carthaginians
               hearing
               that
               they
               were
               sailing
               to
               Lilybaeum
               ,
               and
               not
               in
               the
               least
               making
               a
               Descent
               upon
               them
               ,
               sent
               Ambassadors
               to
               Rome
               ,
               and
               by
               them
               deliver'd
               up
               both
               themselves
               ,
               and
               all
               the
               Concerns
               of
               their
               Country
               to
               the
               Romans
               .
               The
               Senate
               accepting
               the
               Surrender
               of
               their
               Country
               ,
               gave
               this
               Answer
               ;
               Since
               the
               Carthaginians
               are
               so
               well
               advis'd
               ,
               the
               Senate
               returns
               them
               their
               Country
               ,
               their
               Laws
               ,
               their
               Temples
               ,
               their
               Sepulchres
               ,
               their
               Liberties
               and
               their
               Estates
               ;
               (
               not
               at
               all
               mentioning
               their
               City
               Carthage
               ,
               for
               that
               was
               conceal'd
               under
               these
               kind
               Concessions
               )
               if
               they
               wou'd
               give
               Three
               hundred
               Sons
               of
               the
               Senators
               Hostages
               ,
               and
               obey
               the
               Consuls
               Commands
               .
               They
               thinking
               hereby
               to
               be
               
               free
               from
               the
               War
               *
               sent
               the
               Hostages
               not
               without
               great
               Lamentation
               .
               Afterwards
               *
               they
               came
               to
               Utica
               ;
               and
               the
               Carthaginians
               again
               sent
               Ambassadors
               to
               ask
               what
               further
               commands
               the
               Romans
               would
               lay
               upon
               'em
               ;
               when
               the
               Consuls
               told
               them
               they
               must
               deliver
               up
               their
               Arms
               and
               Engines
               without
               fraud
               ,
               they
               at
               first
               (
               because
               of
               the
               War
               against
               *
               Asdrubal
               )
               took
               it
               heavily
               ,
               however
               they
               brought
               in
               200000
               Arms
               of
               all
               sorts
               ,
               and
               2000
               Engines
               .
               Afterwards
               the
               Romans
               sent
               again
               to
               the
               Carthaginians
               Commands
               ,
               to
               send
               some
               Persons
               of
               their
               Senate
               to
               whom
               they
               would
               declare
               their
               further
               Commands
               ,
               and
               accordingly
               they
               sent
               Thirty
               of
               the
               Noblest
               .
               Manilius
               the
               Senior
               Consul
               told
               'em
               that
               it
               was
               the
               Senates
               Pleasure
               they
               should
               leave
               the
               City
               they
               Inhabited
               ,
               and
               build
               another
               *
               Eighty
               Furlongs
               distant
               from
               the
               Sea
               :
               But
               the
               Ambassadors
               crying
               out
               for
               Mercy
               &
               Compassion
               ,
               all
               of
               them
               cast
               themselves
               to
               the
               Ground
               ,
               uttering
               many
               lamentable
               Complaints
               with
               Tears
               ,
               upon
               which
               great
               confusion
               was
               rais'd
               in
               the
               Assembly
               :
               And
               when
               the
               Carthaginians
               were
               a
               little
               recover'd
               out
               of
               their
               Consternation
               ,
               one
               only
               ,
               Named
               Blannus
               
               delivering
               himself
               in
               the
               natural
               Language
               of
               the
               Auditory
               ,
               Debated
               the
               matter
               with
               great
               Heat
               and
               Earnestness
               ,
               attended
               with
               an
               undaunted
               Presence
               of
               Mind
               ,
               which
               mov'd
               the
               Auditors
               to
               Pity
               and
               Commiseration
               .
            
             
               28.
               
               The
               Romans
               being
               unmovable
               in
               their
               Decrees
               ,
               as
               to
               the
               Razing
               of
               Carthage
               ,
               the
               Senate
               commanded
               them
               forthwith
               to
               depart
               to
               Carthage
               ,
               and
               to
               declare
               to
               the
               
               Citizens
               what
               things
               were
               Decreed
               ;
               but
               some
               of
               the
               Ambassadors
               refusing
               to
               return
               to
               their
               Country
               ,
               fled
               each
               of
               them
               where
               ever
               they
               could
               ;
               the
               rest
               chusing
               rather
               to
               return
               ,
               went
               home
               ,
               having
               thus
               finish'd
               a
               doleful
               Embassy
               .
               When
               the
               People
               came
               thronging
               together
               to
               meet
               'em
               ,
               they
               gave
               'em
               never
               a
               Word
               ,
               but
               beating
               their
               heads
               ,
               and
               stretching
               out
               their
               hands
               ,
               and
               invocating
               their
               Gods
               ,
               they
               went
               on
               to
               the
               Court
               ,
               and
               inform'd
               the
               Senate
               what
               things
               were
               commanded
               .
            
             
               29.
               
               The
               Arradians
               supposing
               they
               had
               got
               an
               opportunity
               to
               destroy
               those
               of
               Marathum
               ,
               sent
               privately
               to
               Ammonius
               *
               Viceroy
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               ,
               and
               with
               a
               Bribe
               of
               300
               Talents
               ,
               prevail'd
               with
               him
               to
               deliver
               up
               *
               Marathum
               ,
               whereupon
               Ammonius
               sent
               Isadore
               to
               the
               Marathonians
               ,
               who
               by
               his
               speech
               was
               to
               pretend
               some
               other
               matters
               ,
               but
               in
               truth
               went
               to
               seize
               upon
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               to
               deliver
               it
               up
               to
               the
               Arradians
               .
               The
               Marathonians
               being
               ignorant
               that
               they
               were
               design'd
               for
               Destruction
               ,
               yet
               observing
               how
               that
               the
               Arradians
               were
               higher
               in
               the
               Kings
               Favour
               than
               themselves
               ,
               refus'd
               the
               Kings
               Soldiers
               Entrance
               into
               their
               City
               ,
               and
               resolved
               to
               make
               their
               Addresses
               as
               Supplicants
               to
               the
               Arradians
               .
               They
               forthwith
               therefore
               sent
               Ten
               of
               the
               most
               Eminent
               of
               their
               eldest
               Citizens
               ,
               as
               Ambassadors
               to
               Arradus
               ,
               who
               brought
               with
               them
               a
               humble
               Address
               and
               Supplication
               ,
               
               and
               the
               oldest
               Images
               of
               their
               Gods
               ,
               which
               they
               had
               in
               their
               City
               ,
               hoping
               that
               upon
               the
               account
               of
               their
               kindred
               ,
               and
               mov'd
               with
               Reverence
               to
               their
               Gods
               ,
               the
               Arradians
               would
               be
               appeas'd
               ,
               and
               their
               anger
               diverted
               .
               As
               soon
               as
               they
               landed
               according
               to
               the
               
               Commands
               given
               ,
               they
               addressed
               themselves
               as
               Supplicants
               to
               the
               People
               :
               But
               the
               Arradians
               Blood
               being
               up
               ,
               they
               slighted
               the
               usual
               and
               common
               Laws
               of
               Supplicants
               ,
               and
               cast
               off
               all
               Reverence
               of
               their
               kindreds
               Images
               ,
               and
               their
               Gods
               ,
               and
               therefore
               broke
               the
               Images
               ,
               and
               trampled
               them
               most
               shamefully
               under
               their
               Feet
               ,
               and
               attempted
               to
               Stone
               the
               Ambassadors
               ;
               but
               some
               of
               the
               Senators
               interposing
               themselves
               between
               'em
               and
               the
               rage
               of
               the
               People
               (
               scarce
               restrain'd
               from
               stoning
               them
               ,
               notwithstanding
               the
               Reverence
               they
               ow'd
               the
               Senators
               )
               commanded
               'em
               to
               be
               convey'd
               to
               Prison
               .
               —
            
             
               The
               *
               Numantines
               and
               *
               Termisians
               sent
               Ambassadors
               to
               the
               Romans
               ,
               to
               treat
               of
               a
               Peace
               ,
               which
               was
               granted
               to
               them
               upon
               these
               Conditions
               ,
               that
               they
               should
               deliver
               up
               each
               their
               Cities
               to
               the
               Romans
               ,
               300
               Hostages
               ,
               900
               Soldiers
               Coates
               ,
               300
               Hides
               ,
               800
               War-Horses
               ,
               and
               all
               their
               Armes
               ,
               and
               they
               should
               be
               Friends
               and
               Allies
               to
               the
               Romans
               .
               There
               being
               a
               day
               appointed
               for
               the
               performance
               of
               these
               Conditions
               by
               the
               Cities
               ,
               all
               was
               done
               according
               to
               the
               Articles
               ,
               but
               when
               at
               last
               it
               came
               to
               the
               delivering
               up
               of
               their
               Arms
               ,
               there
               a
               rose
               a
               certain
               Generous
               Regret
               and
               Lamentation
               ,
               and
               a
               couragious
               Resolution
               in
               the
               Populacy
               to
               regain
               their
               Liberties
               .
               Therefore
               they
               were
               angry
               one
               at
               another
               they
               should
               ever
               consent
               ,
               that
               they
               should
               like
               Women
               strip
               themselves
               of
               their
               Arms.
               Wherefore
               repenting
               of
               those
               things
               that
               were
               decreed
               ,
               the
               Fathers
               accus'd
               their
               Sons
               ,
               Children
               their
               Parents
               ,
               and
               Women
               their
               Husbands
               ,
               and
               so
               coming
               to
               themselves
               again
               ,
               resolving
               not
               to
               deliver
               up
               their
               Arms
               ,
               they
               renew'd
               the
               War
               against
               the
               Romans
               .
            
             
               31.
               
               *
               Tryphon
               ,
               of
               a
               private
               Man
               being
               made
               King
               ,
               hasted
               all
               he
               could
               to
               establish
               the
               Government
               in
               himself
               ,
               by
               a
               decree
               of
               the
               Senate
               :
               Wherefore
               preparing
               a
               golden
               Medal
               of
               Victory
               weighing
               10000
               Crowns
               ,
               he
               sent
               Ambassadors
               to
               Rome
               ,
               to
               present
               it
               to
               the
               People
               ,
               not
               doubting
               but
               that
               he
               should
               obtain
               from
               them
               the
               Compellation
               of
               King
               ,
               considering
               the
               Present
               which
               he
               sent
               was
               not
               only
               very
               rich
               in
               it self
               ,
               but
               such
               whose
               Name
               carried
               along
               with
               it
               the
               happy
               Prognostication
               of
               Victory
               .
               But
               he
               found
               the
               Senate
               
               far
               more
               Subtile
               than
               himself
               ,
               whose
               Prudence
               prompt'd
               them
               to
               a
               Dislike
               of
               those
               that
               
               deceitfully
               circumvent
               others
               :
               For
               they
               receiv'd
               the
               Present
               ,
               and
               the
               good
               Omen
               ,
               together
               with
               the
               profit
               ,
               but
               instead
               of
               Grifon's
               Name
               ,
               the
               Senate
               Decreed
               that
               the
               Title
               of
               the
               King
               that
               was
               treacherously
               Murder'd
               ,
               should
               be
               Engraven
               upon
               it
               ;
               and
               thus
               doing
               they
               approv'd
               themselves
               haters
               of
               his
               wickedness
               in
               Murdering
               of
               the
               Child
               ,
               and
               such
               as
               would
               not
               accept
               of
               the
               presents
               of
               wicked
               Men.
               
            
             
               32.
               
               There
               came
               with
               
                 Scipio
                 Africanus
              
               other
               Ambassadors
               to
               Alexandria
               ,
               to
               view
               the
               whole
               Kingdom
               .
               *
               Ptolemy
               met
               them
               in
               Pomp
               and
               State
               ,
               with
               a
               great
               Retinue
               ,
               and
               Feasted
               them
               Sumptuously
               ,
               and
               going
               about
               with
               them
               ,
               shew'd
               them
               his
               Palace
               and
               Treasury
               .
               But
               *
               they
               being
               Persons
               Eminent
               in
               Virtue
               ,
               contented
               themselves
               with
               a
               spare
               Diet
               ,
               and
               such
               as
               was
               wholesome
               ,
               scorning
               that
               rich
               Provision
               ,
               as
               prejudicial
               both
               to
               Mind
               and
               Body
               .
               As
               for
               those
               things
               which
               the
               King
               esteem'd
               as
               Rarities
               and
               Admirable
               ,
               they
               only
               Glanc'd
               their
               Eyes
               upon
               'em
               ,
               and
               look'd
               on
               'em
               as
               things
               of
               no
               Value
               :
               But
               what
               was
               really
               worth
               their
               Eying
               ,
               those
               things
               they
               view'd
               most
               exactly
               ;
               as
               the
               Scituation
               of
               the
               City
               and
               its
               Capacity
               ,
               and
               particularly
               the
               *
               Pharos
               ,
               and
               what
               belong'd
               thereunto
               :
               Thence
               likewise
               they
               Sail'd
               to
               Memphis
               ,
               and
               took
               notice
               of
               the
               goodness
               of
               the
               Country
               ,
               the
               conveniencies
               of
               the
               River
               Nile
               ,
               the
               number
               of
               the
               Cities
               ,
               the
               infinite
               Thousands
               of
               Inhabitants
               ,
               the
               *
               Fortification
               of
               Egypt
               ,
               and
               the
               excellency
               of
               the
               Country
               ,
               how
               well
               it
               was
               provided
               ,
               both
               as
               to
               the
               Security
               ,
               and
               Extent
               of
               an
               Empire
               :
               And
               having
               admir'd
               both
               the
               Populousness
               of
               Egypt
               ,
               and
               the
               Conveniency
               of
               the
               Places
               therein
               ,
               they
               were
               of
               opinion
               that
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Egypt
               would
               easily
               swell
               into
               a
               vast
               Empire
               ,
               if
               it
               once
               had
               Masters
               answerable
               .
               After
               the
               Ambassadors
               had
               well
               view'd
               Egypt
               ,
               they
               went
               to
               Cyprus
               ,
               and
               from
               thence
               into
               Syria
               .
               In
               short
               ,
               they
               past
               through
               most
               parts
               of
               the
               World
               :
               And
               carrying
               themselves
               Soberly
               ,
               to
               Admiration
               in
               all
               Places
               wherever
               they
               came
               ,
               they
               gain'd
               exceeding
               Honour
               and
               Reputation
               ;
               and
               Travelling
               through
               most
               parts
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               with
               the
               general
               Applause
               of
               all
               ,
               they
               return'd
               home
               .
               For
               those
               that
               were
               at
               difference
               ,
               they
               reconcil'd
               one
               to
               another
               ;
               others
               they
               perswaded
               to
               do
               Right
               and
               Justice
               ,
               to
               those
               that
               complain'd
               against
               them
               ;
               those
               that
               were
               impudently
               Obstinate
               ,
               they
               were
               
               necessitated
               to
               Curb
               and
               Restrain
               by
               Force
               ;
               such
               Causes
               as
               were
               Difficult
               to
               be
               Determined
               ,
               they
               transmitted
               to
               the
               Senate
               .
               Conferring
               both
               with
               Kings
               and
               their
               People
               ,
               and
               renewing
               all
               former
               Leagues
               ,
               they
               increas'd
               the
               love
               of
               all
               sorts
               to
               the
               Roman
               Government
               ,
               and
               so
               all
               applying
               themselves
               in
               their
               several
               Countrys
               to
               chuse
               fit
               Persons
               ,
               they
               sent
               Ambassadors
               to
               Rome
               ,
               and
               highly
               applauded
               the
               Delegates
               with
               Scipio
               ,
               and
               the
               Senate
               for
               imploying
               of
               such
               Men.
               
            
             
               33.
               
               Bocchus
               ,
               King
               of
               Lybia
               ,
               having
               sharply
               rebuk'd
               those
               that
               would
               have
               perswaded
               him
               to
               make
               War
               upon
               the
               Romans
               ,
               sent
               Commissioners
               to
               Marius
               ,
               craving
               pardon
               for
               for
               his
               Crimes
               ,
               and
               desiring
               to
               enter
               into
               a
               League
               ,
               made
               many
               promises
               to
               be
               serviceable
               to
               the
               Romans
               for
               the
               time
               to
               come
               .
               But
               Marius
               ordering
               him
               to
               send
               Ambassadors
               to
               the
               
               Senate
               ,
               to
               Treat
               of
               these
               matters
               ,
               the
               King
               observ'd
               his
               directions
               ,
               and
               sent
               accordingly
               .
               Upon
               which
               the
               Senate
               answer'd
               ,
               that
               Bocchus
               should
               in
               every
               respect
               be
               receiv'd
               into
               Grace
               and
               Favour
               ,
               if
               he
               could
               prevail
               with
               
                 Marius
                 .
                 Marius
              
               desirous
               to
               have
               *
               Jugurtha
               ,
               the
               King
               his
               Prisoner
               ,
               Bocchus
               willing
               to
               serve
               him
               ,
               sends
               for
               *
               Jugurtha
               ,
               as
               if
               he
               would
               discourse
               with
               him
               about
               Business
               of
               concern
               to
               them
               both
               ,
               and
               by
               this
               means
               seizes
               him
               ,
               and
               delivers
               him
               Bound
               to
               
                 Lucius
                 Sylla
              
               the
               Quaestor
               ,
               who
               was
               sent
               out
               for
               that
               purpose
               ;
               and
               so
               by
               the
               misfortune
               of
               this
               Prince
               ,
               he
               bought
               his
               own
               Safety
               ,
               and
               escap't
               Punishment
               from
               the
               Romans
               .
            
             
               34.
               
               Ambassadors
               came
               from
               King
               Mithridates
               to
               Rome
               ,
               with
               a
               great
               sum
               of
               Money
               ,
               with
               hopes
               by
               that
               to
               corrupt
               the
               Senate
               .
               *
               Saturnius
               thinking
               now
               he
               had
               an
               advantage
               against
               the
               Senate
               ,
               reproach'd
               and
               bespatter'd
               the
               Embassy
               at
               a
               great
               rate
               ;
               the
               Senators
               instigated
               the
               Ambassadors
               ,
               and
               promis'd
               to
               assist
               them
               ,
               who
               thereupon
               call'd
               Saturnius
               in
               question
               for
               this
               abuse
               .
               There
               being
               then
               rais'd
               a
               mighty
               popular
               Tumult
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               violation
               of
               the
               Ambassadors
               ,
               and
               of
               that
               constant
               Abhorrence
               the
               Romans
               have
               of
               such
               notorious
               Affronts
               ,
               Saturnius
               (
               who
               was
               now
               condemn'd
               to
               die
               ,
               by
               the
               Senate
               his
               proper
               Judges
               in
               such
               Cases
               )
               fell
               into
               most
               racking
               Fears
               and
               Perplexities
               ;
               and
               because
               of
               the
               great
               Stirs
               and
               Tumults
               that
               were
               rais'd
               ,
               in
               a
               Consternation
               he
               betook
               himself
               for
               Shelter
               to
               the
               Pity
               those
               commonly
               find
               that
               are
               *
               cast
               out
               of
               all
               ;
               throwing
               therefore
               off
               his
               rich
               Apparel
               ,
               and
               putting
               on
               a
               mean
               and
               sordid
               Habit
               ;
               suffering
               his
               Beard
               to
               grow
               ,
               he
               ran
               up
               and
               down
               to
               the
               Tumultuous
               throngs
               of
               People
               throughout
               the
               City
               ,
               falling
               .
               down
               upon
               his
               Knees
               to
               some
               ,
               catching
               others
               fast
               by
               the
               Hands
               ,
               begging
               with
               Tears
               that
               they
               would
               assist
               him
               in
               his
               present
               Calamities
               ,
               declaring
               he
               was
               Factiously
               opprest
               by
               the
               Senate
               against
               all
               Right
               and
               Justice
               ,
               and
               suffer'd
               all
               this
               for
               his
               Good-will
               he
               bore
               to
               the
               People
               ;
               that
               the
               Senators
               were
               his
               Enemies
               ,
               Accusers
               and
               Judges
               .
               The
               
               Mobb
               hereupon
               being
               all
               in
               an
               uproar
               ,
               (
               affected
               by
               his
               Prayers
               and
               Intreaties
               )
               many
               Thousands
               of
               'em
               run
               to
               the
               Tribunal
               ,
               and
               unexpectedly
               for
               that
               time
               rescu'd
               him
               ,
               and
               with
               the
               assistance
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               he
               was
               again
               declar'd
               Tribune
               .
            
             
               35.
               
               
                 Mark
                 Anthony
              
               made
               a
               Peace
               with
               the
               Cretians
               ,
               which
               they
               kept
               for
               some
               time
               ;
               but
               afterwards
               calling
               together
               a
               General
               Council
               to
               consider
               what
               was
               most
               advisable
               for
               them
               to
               do
               in
               order
               to
               their
               advantage
               ;
               the
               more
               Ancient
               and
               Prudent
               amongst
               them
               Councell'd
               to
               send
               Ambassadors
               to
               Rome
               ,
               to
               make
               Defence
               against
               those
               *
               Accusations
               that
               were
               brought
               against
               them
               ,
               and
               by
               fair
               Words
               and
               Intreaties
               ,
               to
               work
               upon
               the
               Senate
               to
               a
               Reconciliation
               .
               To
               this
               end
               they
               dispatch'd
               away
               Thirty
               chosen
               out
               of
               the
               most
               Eminent
               Men
               ,
               for
               Ambassadors
               ,
               who
               privately
               Visiting
               the
               Senators
               at
               their
               several
               Houses
               ,
               and
               courting
               them
               with
               fine
               Words
               ,
               secur'd
               those
               that
               made
               up
               the
               Assembly
               :
               and
               being
               Introduc'd
               into
               the
               Senate
               ,
               they
               made
               their
               Defence
               against
               the
               matters
               objected
               against
               them
               with
               great
               Prudence
               ,
               exactly
               setting
               forth
               their
               good
               Services
               ,
               and
               their
               Associations
               with
               the
               Senate
               ,
               desiring
               that
               they
               might
               be
               Restor'd
               to
               their
               former
               Amity
               ,
               and
               Confederacy
               :
               The
               Senate
               pleas'd
               with
               what
               they
               said
               ,
               gave
               forth
               a
               Decree
               ,
               
               by
               which
               they
               not
               only
               acquitted
               the
               Cretians
               ,
               of
               the
               Crimes
               laid
               to
               their
               charge
               ,
               but
               declar'd
               them
               Confederates
               and
               Friends
               to
               the
               State.
               But
               Lentulus
               sirnam'd
               Spinther
               ,
               got
               the
               Decree
               revers'd
               ,
               however
               the
               Cretians
               were
               dismissed
               .
               But
               the
               Senate
               had
               often
               Debates
               concerning
               the
               Cretians
               ,
               alledging
               ,
               and
               at
               length
               concluding
               that
               they
               join'd
               with
               the
               Pirates
               ,
               and
               were
               Sharers
               in
               the
               Robberies
               ;
               and
               therefore
               they
               decreed
               the
               Cretians
               should
               send
               in
               all
               their
               Ships
               to
               Rome
               ,
               even
               to
               a
               Skiff
               of
               Four
               Oars
               ,
               and
               resign
               the
               300
               *
               famous
               Hostages
               ,
               and
               send
               away
               *
               Lasthenes
               and
               Paneres
               ,
               and
               amongst
               them
               pay
               4000
               Talents
               of
               Silver
               .
               The
               Cretians
               hearing
               what
               was
               Decreed
               ,
               went
               into
               a
               Consult
               about
               these
               Commands
               impos'd
               upon
               them
               ,
               the
               more
               Prudent
               amongst
               'em
               ,
               advis'd
               to
               be
               observant
               in
               all
               things
               to
               what
               was
               enjoyn'd
               them
               :
               But
               those
               that
               were
               of
               
                 Last
                 thenes's
              
               party
               ,
               and
               guilty
               of
               the
               same
               Crimes
               ,
               and
               fearing
               lest
               being
               sent
               for
               to
               Rome
               ,
               they
               should
               be
               there
               punish'd
               for
               their
               Offences
               ,
               stirred
               up
               the
               People
               to
               a
               Sedition
               ,
               advising
               them
               to
               maintain
               those
               liberties
               that
               they
               had
               ever
               ,
               time
               out
               of
               Mind
               enjoy'd
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
               THE
               SUPPLEMENT
               Referred
               unto
               in
               the
               XVIIth
               .
               BOOK
               of
               DIODORUS
               ,
               
                 (
                 Pag.
              
               557.
               )
            
             
               
                 
                   1.
                   
                   How
                   Alexander
                   marching
                   through
                   a
                   dry
                   Country
                   ,
                   for
                   want
                   of
                   Water
                   lost
                   many
                   of
                   his
                   Soldiers
                   .
                   
                     Curtius
                     ,
                     lib.
                     VII
                     .
                     c.
                     5.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 ALexander
                 himself
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 Band
                 of
                 Light-arm'd
                 Men
                 ,
                 marching
                 all
                 the
                 Night
                 ,
                 entred
                 the
                 Deserts
                 of
                 *
                 Susitana
                 .
                 The
                 total
                 want
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 Thoughts
                 of
                 their
                 desperate
                 Condition
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 before
                 declared
                 )
                 enflam'd
                 their
                 Thirst
                 before
                 they
                 had
                 a
                 reald
                 esire
                 to
                 drink
                 ;
                 for
                 ,
                 sor
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 †
                 400
                 Furlongs
                 ,
                 not
                 the
                 least
                 Lake
                 ,
                 or
                 any
                 thing
                 that
                 was
                 moist
                 ,
                 appear'd
                 .
                 The
                 scorching
                 Sun
                 fired
                 the
                 Sands
                 ,
                 which
                 when
                 inflam'd
                 ,
                 burnt
                 up
                 all
                 round
                 about
                 like
                 a
                 raging
                 Fire
                 ;
                 hence
                 ,
                 through
                 the
                 excessive
                 Heat
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 ,
                 arose
                 a
                 Mist
                 which
                 obscur'd
                 the
                 Light
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Champaigne
                 seem'd
                 no
                 other
                 than
                 if
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 the
                 vast
                 Ocean
                 .
              
               
                 Their
                 March
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 was
                 tolerable
                 ,
                 because
                 their
                 Bodies
                 were
                 refresh'd
                 by
                 the
                 Dew
                 and
                 Coldness
                 of
                 the
                 Air
                 ,
                 before
                 the
                 rising
                 of
                 the
                 Sun
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 Light
                 appear'd
                 ,
                 the
                 Heat
                 began
                 ,
                 and
                 Drought
                 dried
                 up
                 all
                 their
                 natural
                 Moisture
                 ,
                 and
                 both
                 their
                 Mouths
                 and
                 their
                 very
                 Intrails
                 were
                 altogether
                 parch'd
                 up
                 with
                 scorching
                 Heat
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 first
                 their
                 Spirits
                 and
                 then
                 their
                 Bodies
                 began
                 to
                 faint
                 .
                 It
                 was
                 grievous
                 to
                 'em
                 both
                 to
                 stand
                 still
                 and
                 go
                 forward
                 :
                 Some
                 few
                 of
                 'em
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 help
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 knew
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 had
                 got
                 Water
                 ,
                 which
                 quench'd
                 their
                 Thirst
                 for
                 a
                 little
                 while
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Heat
                 encreasing
                 ,
                 their
                 desire
                 of
                 Drink
                 was
                 again
                 the
                 more
                 enflam'd
                 ;
                 and
                 therefore
                 whoever
                 had
                 any
                 Wine
                 or
                 Oil
                 ,
                 it
                 was
                 presently
                 guzzl'd
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 present
                 Pleasure
                 of
                 Drinking
                 was
                 so
                 great
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 banish'd
                 all
                 fear
                 of
                 Thirst
                 for
                 the
                 future
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 had
                 thus
                 swell'd
                 themselves
                 with
                 immoderate
                 Drinking
                 ,
                 cou'd
                 neither
                 carry
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 nor
                 march
                 forward
                 ;
                 and
                 those
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 a
                 far
                 better
                 condition
                 that
                 wanted
                 Water
                 ,
                 than
                 they
                 who
                 by
                 pouring
                 it
                 down
                 to
                 excess
                 ,
                 were
                 forc'd
                 to
                 vomit
                 it
                 up
                 again
                 .
                 Those
                 that
                 were
                 about
                 the
                 King
                 seeing
                 him
                 griev'd
                 and
                 much
                 perplex'd
                 with
                 these
                 Misfortunes
                 ,
                 entreated
                 him
                 to
                 mind
                 and
                 take
                 care
                 of
                 himself
                 ;
                 for
                 his
                 Courage
                 was
                 the
                 only
                 Life
                 and
                 Relief
                 of
                 his
                 drooping
                 Army
                 .
                 While
                 they
                 were
                 thus
                 advising
                 him
                 ,
                 two
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 before
                 to
                 mark
                 out
                 a
                 convenient
                 Place
                 where
                 to
                 encamp
                 ,
                 came
                 with
                 Water
                 in
                 their
                 Vessels
                 for
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 their
                 Children
                 who
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 whom
                 they
                 knew
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 hold
                 out
                 without
                 Drink
                 :
                 These
                 meeting
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 'em
                 opened
                 his
                 Vessel
                 ,
                 and
                 fill'd
                 a
                 Cup
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 offer'd
                 it
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 who
                 receiv'd
                 it
                 ;
                 but
                 ask'd
                 him
                 for
                 whom
                 the
                 Water
                 was
                 brought
                 ,
                 who
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 for
                 his
                 Children
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 .
                 returning
                 the
                 Cup
                 full
                 as
                 it
                 was
                 ,
                 
                   I
                   cannot
                   find
                   in
                   my
                   Heart
                
                 (
                 says
                 he
                 )
                 
                   to
                   drink
                   it
                   alone
                   ;
                   and
                   't
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   divided
                   amongst
                   them
                   all
                   ;
                   away
                   therefore
                   with
                   all
                   speed
                   ,
                   and
                   give
                   it
                   your
                   Children
                   ,
                   for
                   whom
                   it
                   was
                   brought
                   .
                
                 At
                 length
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Oxus
                 about
                 evening
                 ,
                 but
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 were
                 left
                 behind
                 :
                 He
                 commanded
                 therefore
                 Fires
                 to
                 be
                 kindled
                 upon
                 a
                 high
                 Mountain
                 ,
                 that
                 those
                 that
                 followed
                 slowly
                 after
                 might
                 know
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 far
                 from
                 the
                 Camp.
                 He
                 commanded
                 likewise
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 the
                 Van
                 (
                 having
                 sufficiently
                 refresh'd
                 themselves
                 both
                 with
                 Meat
                 and
                 Drink
                 )
                 to
                 fill
                 
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Vessels
                 wherein
                 Water
                 might
                 be
                 carried
                 ,
                 and
                 help
                 their
                 Companions
                 that
                 were
                 behind
                 .
                 But
                 those
                 that
                 drank
                 immoderately
                 ,
                 quench'd
                 their
                 natural
                 Heat
                 by
                 Surfeit
                 ,
                 and
                 died
                 presently
                 ,
                 by
                 which
                 means
                 he
                 lost
                 far
                 more
                 Men
                 than
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 before
                 in
                 any
                 Battel
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 
                   2.
                   
                   How
                   Alexander
                   destroy'd
                   all
                   the
                   Branchidans
                   (
                   as
                   Traitors
                   to
                   the
                   Grecians
                   )
                   whom
                   anciently
                   the
                   Persians
                   forc'd
                   to
                   remove
                   from
                   their
                   own
                   Habitations
                   to
                   the
                   furthest
                   Part
                   of
                   the
                   Kingdom
                   .
                   
                     Curtius
                     ,
                     lib.
                     VII
                     .
                     c.
                     6.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 HE
                 came
                 to
                 a
                 little
                 Town
                 where
                 the
                 Branchidans
                 inhabited
                 ,
                 who
                 heretofore
                 remov'd
                 from
                 Miletus
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Xerxes
                 when
                 he
                 return'd
                 out
                 of
                 Greece
                 ,
                 and
                 settled
                 themselves
                 in
                 this
                 place
                 :
                 They
                 were
                 they
                 that
                 *
                 violated
                 the
                 Temple
                 call'd
                 Did●●eus
                 ,
                 to
                 ingratiate
                 themselves
                 with
                 Xerxes
                 .
                 The
                 Customs
                 and
                 Manners
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 were
                 not
                 as
                 yet
                 wholly
                 laid
                 aside
                 ,
                 but
                 they
                 spoke
                 a
                 kind
                 of
                 broken
                 Language
                 ,
                 neither
                 perfect
                 Greek
                 nor
                 Barbarian
                 .
                 They
                 receiv'd
                 therefore
                 the
                 King
                 very
                 joyfully
                 ,
                 and
                 gave
                 up
                 themselves
                 and
                 their
                 City
                 into
                 his
                 hands
                 .
                 He
                 thereupon
                 call'd
                 together
                 the
                 Milesians
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 who
                 bore
                 an
                 old
                 Grudge
                 and
                 inveterate
                 Hatred
                 against
                 the
                 Branchidans
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 it
                 therefore
                 to
                 these
                 Milesians
                 ,
                 whose
                 Ancestors
                 had
                 been
                 betray'd
                 by
                 'em
                 ,
                 to
                 do
                 with
                 them
                 what
                 they
                 thought
                 fit
                 either
                 to
                 remember
                 the
                 Injury
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 revenge
                 themselves
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Original
                 of
                 the
                 Branchidans
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 so
                 their
                 Country-men
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 that
                 account
                 to
                 spare
                 them
                 .
                 When
                 they
                 cou'd
                 not
                 agree
                 amongst
                 themselves
                 what
                 to
                 resolve
                 upon
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 told
                 'em
                 he
                 himself
                 wou'd
                 take
                 time
                 to
                 consider
                 what
                 was
                 fittest
                 to
                 be
                 done
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 the
                 Branchidans
                 meeting
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 order'd
                 'em
                 to
                 go
                 along
                 with
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 enter'd
                 the
                 Gate
                 with
                 a
                 select
                 Detachment
                 ,
                 having
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 order'd
                 the
                 Phalanx
                 to
                 surround
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 upon
                 a
                 Sign
                 given
                 to
                 raze
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 that
                 had
                 been
                 a
                 Nest
                 for
                 the
                 Traitors
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 put
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 Man
                 ,
                 Woman
                 ,
                 and
                 Child
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 being
                 all
                 disarm'd
                 ,
                 they
                 were
                 knock'd
                 on
                 the
                 head
                 in
                 every
                 place
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 stop
                 cou'd
                 be
                 put
                 to
                 their
                 Cruelty
                 by
                 nearness
                 of
                 Language
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Prayers
                 and
                 Tears
                 of
                 the
                 poor
                 and
                 miserable
                 People
                 .
              
               
                 At
                 length
                 they
                 raz'd
                 the
                 Walls
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 bottom
                 of
                 the
                 Foundation
                 ,
                 that
                 there
                 might
                 not
                 remain
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 the
                 least
                 sign
                 where
                 it
                 had
                 once
                 stood
                 .
                 Neither
                 stopt
                 they
                 here
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 not
                 only
                 cut
                 down
                 ,
                 but
                 rooted
                 up
                 the
                 Sacred
                 Groves
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 leave
                 all
                 a
                 vast
                 and
                 solitary
                 Desert
                 ,
                 barren
                 ,
                 without
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 a
                 Root
                 in
                 the
                 Ground
                 ;
                 which
                 Executions
                 ,
                 had
                 they
                 been
                 inflicted
                 upon
                 the
                 first
                 Actors
                 of
                 the
                 Treason
                 ,
                 might
                 have
                 been
                 judg'd
                 a
                 just
                 Revenge
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 the
                 Effects
                 of
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 as
                 they
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 ;
                 sor
                 now
                 the
                 Posterity
                 ,
                 who
                 never
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 ever
                 saw
                 Miletus
                 (
                 and
                 therefore
                 cou'd
                 not
                 betray
                 it
                 to
                 Xerxes
                 )
                 suffered
                 for
                 the
                 Faults
                 of
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 .
                 —
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 
                   3.
                   
                   How
                   the
                   King
                   led
                   his
                   Army
                   against
                   the
                   Sogdians
                   and
                   Scythians
                   .
                   
                     Arrianus
                     ,
                     lib.
                     4.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 IN
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 that
                 border'd
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 surpriz'd
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 that
                 were
                 plac'd
                 in
                 Garisons
                 in
                 Scythia
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 them
                 all
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 fortified
                 the
                 Cities
                 for
                 their
                 greater
                 Security
                 .
                 Many
                 of
                 the
                 Sogdians
                 join'd
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 the
                 Defection
                 ,
                 being
                 sollicited
                 thereunto
                 by
                 them
                 that
                 had
                 seiz'd
                 upon
                 Bessus
                 ,
                 who
                 likewise
                 drew
                 away
                 after
                 them
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Bactrians
                 ,
                 either
                 because
                 they
                 were
                 afraid
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 or
                 for
                 that
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 gave
                 the
                 reason
                 for
                 their
                 Rebellion
                 )
                 Alexander
                 had
                 summon'd
                 a
                 Senate
                 of
                 the
                 Governours
                 of
                 the
                 Province
                 to
                 meet
                 at
                 Zariaspa
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 City
                 there
                 ,
                 from
                 which
                 Convention
                 they
                 saw
                 no
                 ground
                 to
                 hope
                 for
                 any
                 good
                 to
                 themselves
                 .
                 When
                 Intelligence
                 was
                 brought
                 to
                 Alexander
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 commanded
                 his
                 Foot
                 in
                 every
                 Regiment
                 to
                 prepare
                 Scaling
                 Ladders
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 march'd
                 away
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 a
                 City
                 call'd
                 Gaza
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 lay
                 first
                 in
                 his
                 way
                 ;
                 for
                 it
                 was
                 said
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 had
                 fled
                 into
                 seven
                 Towns
                 of
                 that
                 Country
                 .
                 Craterus
                 he
                 sent
                 to
                 Cyropolis
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 which
                 a
                 very
                 great
                 number
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 had
                 shelter'd
                 themselves
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 commanded
                 him
                 to
                 encamp
                 near
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 fortifie
                 his
                 Camp
                 with
                 a
                 Trench
                 and
                 Wall
                 drawn
                 round
                 ,
                 and
                 place
                 such
                 Engines
                 upon
                 
                 his
                 Bulwarks
                 as
                 he
                 saw
                 occasion
                 to
                 use
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Townsmen
                 being
                 busie
                 in
                 assaulting
                 ,
                 Craterus
                 might
                 have
                 no
                 leisure
                 to
                 come
                 in
                 to
                 the
                 assistance
                 of
                 other
                 Cities
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 himself
                 ,
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Gaza
                 ,
                 forthwith
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 approach
                 commanded
                 his
                 Men
                 to
                 set
                 Scaling-Ladders
                 round
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 but
                 of
                 Earth
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 very
                 high
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Slingers
                 ,
                 Darters
                 ,
                 and
                 Archers
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Foot
                 ,
                 made
                 an
                 Assault
                 ,
                 ply'd
                 and
                 gall'd
                 them
                 that
                 defended
                 the
                 Walls
                 with
                 their
                 Darts
                 ,
                 and
                 shot
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Engines
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 by
                 Showres
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 the
                 Wall
                 was
                 presently
                 clear'd
                 of
                 its
                 Defendants
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Scaling-Ladders
                 in
                 a
                 trice
                 were
                 set
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 enter'd
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 all
                 the
                 Men
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 (
                 for
                 so
                 Alexander
                 had
                 commanded
                 )
                 but
                 the
                 Women
                 and
                 Children
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Prey
                 ,
                 they
                 carry'd
                 away
                 .
                 Thence
                 the
                 King
                 forthwith
                 march'd
                 to
                 another
                 City
                 (
                 fortified
                 much
                 like
                 unto
                 Gaza
                 )
                 which
                 he
                 took
                 much
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 the
                 very
                 same
                 day
                 ,
                 and
                 dealt
                 with
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 as
                 with
                 them
                 at
                 Gaza
                 .
                 After
                 this
                 ,
                 he
                 made
                 to
                 a
                 third
                 City
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 took
                 the
                 next
                 day
                 upon
                 the
                 first
                 Assualt
                 .
              
               
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 reducing
                 these
                 Cities
                 with
                 his
                 Foot
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 away
                 his
                 Horse
                 to
                 two
                 other
                 neighbouring
                 Cities
                 ,
                 with
                 Orders
                 to
                 watch
                 'em
                 ,
                 lest
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 hearing
                 of
                 the
                 taking
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 bordering
                 upon
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 o●
                 the
                 King
                 's
                 near
                 approach
                 ,
                 should
                 fly
                 and
                 leave
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 so
                 as
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 be
                 able
                 to
                 pursue
                 with
                 any
                 hopes
                 to
                 overtake
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 And
                 indeed
                 it
                 fell
                 out
                 as
                 he
                 thought
                 ,
                 which
                 evidenc'd
                 the
                 sending
                 forth
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 to
                 be
                 necessary
                 :
                 For
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 who
                 still
                 were
                 possess'd
                 of
                 two
                 other
                 Cities
                 ,
                 seeing
                 the
                 Smoak
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 which
                 was
                 burnt
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 over-against
                 'em
                 (
                 besides
                 some
                 who
                 escap'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Overthrow
                 ,
                 brought
                 them
                 news
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 being
                 taken
                 )
                 with
                 all
                 speed
                 in
                 whole
                 droves
                 fled
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 in
                 among
                 the
                 Horse
                 that
                 were
                 sent
                 forth
                 ,
                 and
                 multitudes
                 of
                 'em
                 were
                 knock'd
                 on
                 the
                 Head.
                 
              
               
                 The
                 King
                 having
                 taken
                 and
                 raz'd
                 these
                 five
                 Towns
                 in
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 two
                 days
                 ,
                 march'd
                 away
                 to
                 Cyropolis
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 of
                 their
                 Cities
                 :
                 The
                 Walls
                 of
                 this
                 City
                 were
                 higher
                 than
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 ,
                 the
                 Town
                 being
                 built
                 by
                 Cyrus
                 .
                 And
                 forasmuch
                 as
                 there
                 were
                 many
                 stout
                 Men
                 and
                 good
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 were
                 got
                 together
                 into
                 this
                 place
                 ;
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 could
                 not
                 easily
                 (
                 like
                 to
                 the
                 other
                 places
                 )
                 take
                 it
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 Assault
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 Alexander
                 order'd
                 ,
                 that
                 with
                 the
                 Battering-Rams
                 and
                 other
                 Engines
                 they
                 shou'd
                 batter
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 where-ever
                 any
                 Breach
                 was
                 made
                 ,
                 there
                 forthwith
                 to
                 make
                 an
                 Assault
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 King
                 observing
                 the
                 Channel
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 (
                 which
                 ran
                 through
                 the
                 City
                 like
                 a
                 little
                 Brook
                 )
                 to
                 be
                 then
                 dry
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 contiguous
                 or
                 near
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 but
                 affording
                 a
                 direct
                 Passage
                 for
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 took
                 with
                 him
                 his
                 Guard
                 Targateers
                 ,
                 Archers
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Agrians
                 (
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 then
                 busie
                 in
                 observing
                 the
                 Engines
                 and
                 those
                 that
                 manag'd
                 'em
                 )
                 and
                 secretly
                 with
                 few
                 at
                 first
                 enter'd
                 through
                 the
                 Channel
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 and
                 broke
                 down
                 the
                 Gates
                 that
                 were
                 in
                 that
                 part
                 ,
                 and
                 readily
                 let
                 in
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 ,
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 perceiving
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 be
                 enter'd
                 ,
                 however
                 set
                 upon
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 fought
                 and
                 resolutely
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 Conflict
                 Alexander
                 receiv'd
                 a
                 Blow
                 on
                 his
                 Head
                 and
                 Neck
                 with
                 a
                 Stone
                 .
                 Craterus
                 and
                 many
                 others
                 were
                 wounded
                 with
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 ;
                 but
                 at
                 length
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 were
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Market-place
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 ,
                 those
                 that
                 assaulted
                 the
                 Walls
                 enter'd
                 ,
                 all
                 being
                 clear
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 should
                 have
                 defended
                 them
                 .
                 In
                 the
                 first
                 Conflict
                 at
                 the
                 entring
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 there
                 were
                 slain
                 of
                 the
                 Enemy
                 about
                 eight
                 thousand
                 ,
                 the
                 rest
                 (
                 for
                 they
                 were
                 eighteen
                 thousand
                 that
                 had
                 there
                 put
                 in
                 themselves
                 )
                 fled
                 into
                 the
                 Castle
                 ,
                 who
                 after
                 one
                 day's
                 siege
                 for
                 want
                 of
                 Water
                 surrender'd
                 themselves
                 .
                 The
                 seventh
                 City
                 the
                 King
                 took
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 Assault
                 :
                 Ptolemy
                 indeed
                 says
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 surrender'd
                 ;
                 but
                 Aristobulus
                 relates
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 taken
                 by
                 storm
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 all
                 in
                 it
                 were
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Sword.
                 Ptolemy
                 writes
                 ,
                 that
                 all
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 were
                 distributed
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 order'd
                 to
                 be
                 kept
                 bound
                 till
                 the
                 King
                 left
                 the
                 Country
                 ,
                 lest
                 any
                 one
                 of
                 'em
                 that
                 revolted
                 should
                 be
                 left
                 behind
                 .
              
               
                 While
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 on
                 foot
                 ,
                 the
                 Army
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Asian
                   Scythians
                
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Banks
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 *
                 Ganais
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 heard
                 that
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 inhabiting
                 beyond
                 the
                 River
                 had
                 revolted
                 from
                 Alexander
                 ;
                 and
                 their
                 aim
                 therefore
                 was
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 there
                 were
                 any
                 considerable
                 Defection
                 ,
                 they
                 likewise
                 might
                 act
                 their
                 part
                 in
                 falling
                 upon
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 Intelligence
                 was
                 brought
                 ,
                 that
                 Spitamenes
                 had
                 besieg'd
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 left
                 in
                 Garison
                 in
                 the
                 Castle
                 of
                 
                   Patachades
                   .
                   Alexander
                
                 therefore
                 sent
                 
                   Andromachus
                   ,
                   Medemenus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Caranus
                 against
                 Spitamenes
                 ,
                 with
                 sixty
                 Horse
                 of
                 the
                 Social
                 Band
                 ,
                 and
                 eight
                 hundred
                 of
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 under
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Caranus
                 :
                 But
                 of
                 Foot
                 there
                 were
                 Fifteen
                 hundred
                 Mercenaries
                 ;
                 with
                 them
                 the
                 King
                 join'd
                 in
                 Commission
                 one
                 Pharnuches
                 for
                 an
                 Interpreter
                 ,
                 a
                 Lycian
                 by
                 Nation
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 well
                 skill'd
                 in
                 the
                 
                 Language
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 was
                 judged
                 a
                 fit
                 Person
                 to
                 transact
                 matters
                 with
                 them
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 King
                 having
                 in
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 20
                 days
                 Wall'd
                 the
                 *
                 City
                 he
                 had
                 before
                 design'd
                 to
                 build
                 ,
                 gave
                 it
                 the
                 Greek
                 Mercenaries
                 to
                 be
                 Inhabited
                 by
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 such
                 neighbouring
                 Barbarians
                 as
                 had
                 a
                 mind
                 to
                 remove
                 their
                 Habitations
                 and
                 dwell
                 there
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 that
                 were
                 Disabled
                 ,
                 and
                 unfit
                 to
                 bear
                 Arms.
                 
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 having
                 Sacrificed
                 to
                 the
                 Gods
                 after
                 the
                 manner
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 and
                 exhibited
                 the
                 Gymnick
                 Sports
                 ,
                 and
                 Horse-Courses
                 ,
                 finding
                 that
                 the
                 Scythians
                 did
                 not
                 March
                 back
                 and
                 leave
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 but
                 threw
                 their
                 Darts
                 over
                 ,
                 (
                 for
                 it
                 was
                 there
                 very
                 narrow
                 )
                 and
                 after
                 their
                 Barbarous
                 manner
                 ,
                 gave
                 out
                 most
                 opprobious
                 and
                 railing
                 Language
                 against
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 as
                 that
                 he
                 durst
                 not
                 fight
                 with
                 the
                 Scythians
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 he
                 did
                 ,
                 he
                 should
                 find
                 by
                 experience
                 ,
                 how
                 great
                 a
                 difference
                 there
                 was
                 between
                 the
                 Scythians
                 and
                 the
                 Barbarous
                 Asiaticks
                 :
                 The
                 King
                 being
                 provok'd
                 with
                 these
                 things
                 ,
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 pass
                 the
                 River
                 and
                 fall
                 upon
                 'em
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 Leather
                 Boats
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 ready
                 for
                 that
                 purpose
                 .
                 Having
                 therefore
                 Sacrific'd
                 for
                 his
                 good
                 Success
                 ,
                 the
                 Intrails
                 of
                 the
                 Beasts
                 promised
                 nothing
                 that
                 was
                 Prosperous
                 ,
                 which
                 made
                 him
                 very
                 uneasie
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 bore
                 it
                 very
                 patiently
                 ,
                 and
                 staid
                 there
                 .
                 The
                 Scythians
                 still
                 continuing
                 their
                 slight
                 and
                 contemptuous
                 Language
                 ,
                 he
                 again
                 Sacrificed
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 Aristander
                 the
                 Soothsayer
                 declar'd
                 that
                 danger
                 was
                 
                   portended
                   ,
                   Alexander
                   answer'd
                   ,
                   it
                   was
                   better
                   to
                   undergo
                   the
                   extreamest
                   hazard
                   ,
                   than
                   for
                   him
                   who
                   had
                   Conquered
                   all
                   Asia
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Scorn
                   ,
                   a
                   Mocki●g-Stock
                   to
                   the
                   Scythians
                   ,
                   as
                   Darius
                   the
                   Father
                   of
                   Xerxes
                   was
                   heretofore
                   .
                   Aristander
                   ,
                   on
                   the
                   other
                   side
                   repli'd
                   ,
                   that
                   he
                   wou'd
                   not
                   declare
                   any
                   thing
                   to
                   the
                   King
                   ,
                   but
                   what
                   was
                   portended
                   by
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   tho'
                   Alexander
                   had
                   rather
                   hear
                   other
                   things
                   .
                
                 However
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Boats
                 being
                 now
                 ready
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Army
                 standing
                 all
                 in
                 Arms
                 at
                 the
                 Rivers
                 Brink
                 ,
                 he
                 order'd
                 that
                 upon
                 a
                 Sign
                 given
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 Discharge
                 the
                 Engines
                 against
                 the
                 Scythians
                 that
                 Rid
                 over
                 against
                 them
                 ,
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ;
                 which
                 done
                 ,
                 some
                 of
                 them
                 were
                 wounded
                 with
                 the
                 Darts
                 ,
                 and
                 one
                 of
                 them
                 especially
                 was
                 pierc'd
                 with
                 a
                 Dart
                 througli
                 his
                 Buckler
                 and
                 Breast-plate
                 ,
                 and
                 fell
                 down
                 dead
                 from
                 his
                 Horse
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 being
                 terrified
                 with
                 Darts
                 that
                 wounded
                 them
                 at
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 distance
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 fall
                 of
                 that
                 Valiant
                 Man
                 ,
                 by
                 degrees
                 drew
                 off
                 further
                 from
                 the
                 Bank
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 .
                 Alexander
                 discerning
                 'em
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 disorder
                 by
                 the
                 stroaks
                 of
                 the
                 Darts
                 ,
                 with
                 sound
                 of
                 Trumpet
                 passed
                 over
                 the
                 River
                 at
                 the
                 head
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ;
                 and
                 the
                 Archers
                 and
                 Slingers
                 being
                 first
                 sent
                 over
                 ,
                 he
                 Commanded
                 them
                 to
                 ply
                 the
                 Scythians
                 with
                 their
                 Slings
                 and
                 Arrows
                 least
                 they
                 should
                 fall
                 in
                 upon
                 the
                 Phalanx
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 passing
                 over
                 ,
                 before
                 all
                 his
                 Body
                 of
                 Horse
                 had
                 recover'd
                 the
                 other-side
                 .
                 When
                 all
                 had
                 now
                 gain'd
                 the
                 further
                 Bank
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 ,
                 he
                 first
                 fell
                 upon
                 the
                 Scythians
                 with
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Squadrons
                 of
                 the
                 Social
                 Regiment
                 ,
                 and
                 Four
                 Regiments
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 arm'd
                 with
                 Saralles
                 ,
                 whose
                 Shock
                 the
                 Scythians
                 bravely
                 bore
                 up
                 against
                 ,
                 and
                 surrounded
                 'em
                 with
                 their
                 Horse
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 many
                 overpowring
                 them
                 ,
                 that
                 were
                 but
                 few
                 ,
                 they
                 easily
                 kept
                 themselves
                 whole
                 and
                 entire
                 .
                 Alexander
                 thereupon
                 mixing
                 his
                 Archers
                 and
                 Agrians
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 select
                 Troops
                 (
                 over
                 whom
                 Balacrus
                 had
                 the
                 Command
                 )
                 fell
                 in
                 upon
                 the
                 Scythians
                 ,
                 and
                 being
                 now
                 on
                 both
                 sides
                 mixt
                 together
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 order'd
                 three
                 Squadrons
                 of
                 Horse
                 of
                 the
                 Social
                 Band
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 his
                 Horse
                 that
                 were
                 Darters
                 ,
                 to
                 Charge
                 in
                 upon
                 the
                 Scythians
                 ;
                 and
                 he
                 himself
                 at
                 the
                 Head
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Horse
                 made
                 straight
                 upon
                 'em
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 now
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 any
                 longer
                 to
                 keep
                 their
                 Horse
                 in
                 a
                 Ring
                 as
                 before
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Horse
                 prest
                 sore
                 upon
                 'em
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 light
                 armed
                 Men
                 being
                 mixt
                 with
                 the
                 Horse
                 ,
                 they
                 suffer'd
                 not
                 the
                 Enemy
                 with
                 any
                 safety
                 to
                 Wheel
                 about
                 with
                 their
                 Horse
                 to
                 surround
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 the
                 Scythians
                 were
                 put
                 to
                 a
                 Total
                 Flight
                 ,
                 and
                 about
                 a
                 Thousand
                 kill'd
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 Hundred
                 and
                 fifty
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 ,
                 amongst
                 whom
                 was
                 Satrices
                 one
                 of
                 their
                 two
                 Generals
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 
                   4.
                   
                   How
                   the
                   Sogdian
                   Noblemen
                   being
                   led
                   forth
                   to
                   be
                   put
                   to
                   Death
                   ,
                   were
                   unexpectedly
                   preserv'd
                   .
                   
                     Curtius
                     lib.
                     VII
                     .
                     c.
                     10.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 SOme
                 of
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 of
                 the
                 Sogdians
                 of
                 Noble
                 Birth
                 ,
                 and
                 Proper
                 Handsome
                 Men
                 were
                 brought
                 before
                 the
                 King
                 ;
                 who
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 they
                 understood
                 by
                 an
                 Interpreter
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 to
                 die
                 ,
                 they
                 began
                 to
                 Sing
                 ,
                 Skip
                 and
                 Dance
                 as
                 Men
                 transported
                 with
                 joy
                 ,
                 using
                 many
                 Lascivious
                 gestures
                 of
                 their
                 Bodies
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 admining
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 their
                 Courage
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 approach
                 of
                 Death
                 ,
                 commanded
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 brought
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 as●t
                 them
                 why
                 they
                 were
                 so
                 Excessively
                 m●●y
                 ,
                 when
                 Death
                 was
                 even
                 before
                 their
                 Eyes
                 ?
                 who
                 
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 put
                 to
                 death
                 by
                 any
                 others
                 Command
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 have
                 ,
                 been
                 as
                 Sad
                 at
                 the
                 apprehension
                 of
                 death
                 as
                 other
                 Men
                 ;
                 but
                 since
                 they
                 were
                 sent
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 by
                 so
                 great
                 a
                 King
                 as
                 was
                 Conqueror
                 of
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 they
                 Celebrated
                 their
                 honorable
                 death
                 (
                 which
                 all
                 valiant
                 Men
                 wish
                 for
                 )
                 with
                 Songs
                 of
                 Mirth
                 and
                 Jollity
                 ,
                 after
                 the
                 Custom
                 and
                 Manner
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 :
                 The
                 King
                 wondring
                 at
                 their
                 Courage
                 askt
                 them
                 ,
                 whether
                 they
                 would
                 not
                 be
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 if
                 he
                 was
                 so
                 kind
                 and
                 generous
                 as
                 to
                 suffer
                 them
                 to
                 live
                 .
                 They
                 answered
                 ,
                 they
                 never
                 were
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 Invaded
                 ,
                 Oppos'd
                 him
                 to
                 defend
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 if
                 any
                 made
                 trial
                 of
                 'em
                 by
                 fair
                 means
                 ,
                 and
                 not
                 by
                 Force
                 and
                 Injury
                 ,
                 they
                 would
                 lay
                 out
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 utmost
                 ,
                 that
                 none
                 should
                 exceed
                 'em
                 in
                 grateful
                 Offices
                 of
                 respect
                 .
                 Then
                 he
                 askt
                 'em
                 what
                 pledges
                 they
                 would
                 give
                 of
                 Loyalty
                 .
                 They
                 repli'd
                 ,
                 their
                 lives
                 which
                 they
                 had
                 receiv'd
                 from
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 which
                 they
                 wou'd
                 give
                 him
                 up
                 again
                 upon
                 his
                 demand
                 .
                 Nor
                 did
                 they
                 sail
                 him
                 by
                 Breach
                 of
                 promise
                 :
                 For
                 they
                 that
                 return'd
                 into
                 their
                 own
                 Counrey
                 ,
                 kept
                 their
                 Countrymen
                 in
                 due
                 Obedience
                 ,
                 Four
                 of
                 them
                 which
                 he
                 kept
                 for
                 Squires
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 prov'd
                 as
                 true
                 and
                 faithful
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 as
                 any
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 
                   5.
                   
                   How
                   Alexander
                   punish'd
                   the
                   Bactrians
                   ,
                   and
                   subdued
                   the
                   Sogdians
                   a
                   Second
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   built
                   Cities
                   in
                   convenient
                   Places
                   to
                   punish
                   the
                   Revolters
                   .
                   
                     Arrianus
                     lib.
                     IV.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 ALexander
                 himself
                 Marcht
                 again
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Oxus
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 make
                 against
                 the
                 Sogdians
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 heard
                 that
                 many
                 of
                 them
                 put
                 themselves
                 into
                 Forts
                 and
                 Castles
                 ,
                 and
                 refus'd
                 to
                 obey
                 the
                 Provincial
                 Governors
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 placed
                 over
                 them
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 time
                 he
                 was
                 encampt
                 near
                 the
                 River
                 Oxus
                 ,
                 two
                 Springs
                 rose
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Earth
                 near
                 to
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Pavilion
                 ,
                 the
                 one
                 of
                 Water
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 of
                 Oyl
                 :
                 Of
                 which
                 prodigy
                 
                 
                   Pt●lemy
                   Lagus
                
                 forthwith
                 inform'd
                 the
                 King
                 as
                 soon
                 as
                 he
                 heard
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 whereupon
                 Alexander
                 without
                 delay
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 command
                 of
                 the
                 Priest
                 ,
                 Sacrific'd
                 ;
                 Aristander
                 the
                 Priest
                 told
                 the
                 King
                 that
                 the
                 Fountain
                 of
                 Oyl
                 portended
                 Labour
                 ,
                 but
                 Victory
                 at
                 last
                 ,
                 the
                 fruit
                 of
                 Toil
                 and
                 Pain
                 :
                 Marching
                 therefore
                 away
                 with
                 part
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 against
                 the
                 Sogdians
                 ,
                 he
                 left
                 in
                 
                   Bactria
                   ,
                   Polyspercon
                   ,
                   Attalus
                   ,
                   Gorgias
                   ,
                
                 and
                 Meleager
                 to
                 be
                 a
                 Guard
                 in
                 that
                 Country
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 keep
                 them
                 in
                 Obedience
                 that
                 were
                 Reduc'd
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 Subdue
                 the
                 others
                 that
                 had
                 fallen
                 off
                 from
                 their
                 Allegiance
                 ;
                 having
                 divided
                 his
                 Army
                 into
                 Five
                 parts
                 ,
                 he
                 gave
                 the
                 Command
                 of
                 Three
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 Hephestion
                 ;
                 a
                 Fourth
                 part
                 to
                 Caenus
                 and
                 Artabazus
                 :
                 He
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 Fifth
                 entr'd
                 the
                 Country
                 leading
                 towards
                 Maracanda
                 .
                 The
                 rest
                 enter'd
                 wherever
                 each
                 of
                 them
                 cou'd
                 ,
                 and
                 stormed
                 the
                 Forts
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 had
                 possessed
                 themselves
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 they
                 took
                 in
                 upon
                 Surrender
                 .
                 After
                 all
                 ,
                 the
                 Forces
                 (
                 having
                 first
                 ran
                 over
                 the
                 greatest
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 )
                 join'd
                 together
                 at
                 Maracanda
                 ,
                 he
                 sent
                 forth
                 Hephestion
                 to
                 bring
                 in
                 Colonies
                 into
                 the
                 Cities
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Sogdians
                   :
                   Coenus
                
                 and
                 Artabazus
                 he
                 order'd
                 against
                 the
                 Scythians
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 heard
                 Spitamenes
                 was
                 fled
                 to
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 He
                 himself
                 with
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Army
                 entring
                 into
                 Sogdiana
                 ,
                 easily
                 reduc'd
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Towns
                 that
                 had
                 revolted
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 
                   6.
                   
                   How
                   the
                   Sogdians
                   revolted
                   the
                   Third
                   time
                   ,
                   and
                   how
                   they
                   were
                   taken
                   that
                   betook
                   themselves
                   to
                   the
                   top
                   of
                   the
                   Rock
                   .
                   
                     Arrianus
                     lib.
                     IV.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 AFterwards
                 at
                 the
                 beginning
                 of
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 he
                 Marcht
                 to
                 a
                 Rock
                 to
                 which
                 he
                 heard
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Sogdians
                 fled
                 ;
                 and
                 here
                 it
                 was
                 said
                 that
                 the
                 Wife
                 and
                 Daughters
                 of
                 *
                 Oxyartes
                 had
                 sheltred
                 themselves
                 .
                 For
                 Oxyartes
                 plac'd
                 them
                 here
                 as
                 in
                 a
                 Hold
                 that
                 was
                 Inexpugnable
                 ,
                 he
                 himself
                 being
                 one
                 that
                 had
                 revolted
                 from
                 Alexander
                 .
                 And
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 the
                 more
                 earnest
                 for
                 that
                 this
                 Rock
                 being
                 taken
                 ,
                 there
                 appeared
                 no
                 Fort
                 left
                 in
                 Sogdia
                 that
                 cou'd
                 incourage
                 them
                 to
                 a
                 Defection
                 .
                 When
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Rock
                 ,
                 he
                 found
                 it
                 steep
                 and
                 inaccessable
                 on
                 every
                 side
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 had
                 brought
                 in
                 Provision
                 for
                 a
                 long
                 Siege
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 depth
                 of
                 the
                 Snow
                 ,
                 as
                 it
                 made
                 the
                 Approach
                 of
                 the
                 Mace●●mians
                 more
                 difficult
                 ,
                 so
                 it
                 furnisht
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 with
                 plenty
                 of
                 Water
                 .
                 However
                 Alexander
                 resolv'd
                 to
                 assault
                 the
                 Rock
                 .
                 The
                 Proud
                 and
                 Contemptuous
                 answer
                 likewise
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 Rage
                 and
                 Ambition
                 in
                 Alexander
                 at
                 one
                 and
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 .
                 For
                 whereas
                 at
                 a
                 Parly
                 with
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 promis'd
                 them
                 that
                 if
                 they
                 would
                 Surrender
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 all
                 have
                 liberty
                 to
                 return
                 safely
                 home
                 ;
                 they
                 barbarously
                 scoffed
                 at
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 bid
                 him
                 seek
                 some
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 had
                 Wings
                 ,
                 who
                 might
                 so
                 take
                 the
                 Rock
                 ,
                 for
                 they
                 feared
                 
                 no
                 other
                 Mortals
                 .
                 Upon
                 which
                 Alexander
                 commanded
                 Proclamation
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 by
                 an
                 Herald
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 would
                 bestow
                 12
                 Talents
                 as
                 a
                 reward
                 upon
                 him
                 that
                 should
                 first
                 mount
                 the
                 Rock
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 the
                 second
                 and
                 the
                 third
                 ,
                 in
                 their
                 due
                 order
                 should
                 every
                 one
                 receive
                 a
                 reward
                 till
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 last
                 that
                 ascended
                 the
                 Rock
                 ,
                 who
                 should
                 receive
                 300
                 Daricks
                 ;
                 the
                 hopes
                 of
                 which
                 reward
                 stirr'd
                 up
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 who
                 were
                 eager
                 before
                 to
                 fall
                 upon
                 them
                 of
                 their
                 own
                 accord
                 .
                 Three
                 hundred
                 therefore
                 of
                 those
                 that
                 were
                 accustom'd
                 to
                 climb
                 Rocks
                 ,
                 being
                 drawn
                 out
                 ,
                 they
                 furnish'd
                 themselves
                 with
                 Cramp-Irons
                 (
                 wherewith
                 they
                 fastned
                 their
                 Tents
                 )
                 that
                 they
                 might
                 fix
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 Snow
                 where
                 it
                 was
                 hard
                 Frozen
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 other
                 parts
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 where
                 there
                 was
                 no
                 Snow
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 them
                 they
                 tied
                 strong
                 Cords
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 the
                 Night
                 made
                 to
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 that
                 was
                 steepest
                 and
                 highest
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 (
                 as
                 they
                 conceiv'd
                 )
                 least
                 guarded
                 ;
                 and
                 with
                 the
                 Cramps
                 ,
                 some
                 fastned
                 in
                 the
                 Rock
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 in
                 the
                 Snow
                 that
                 was
                 frozen
                 ,
                 they
                 scrambled
                 up
                 from
                 place
                 to
                 place
                 'till
                 they
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Top
                 :
                 But
                 of
                 these
                 ,
                 30
                 perish'd
                 in
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 get
                 up
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 their
                 Bodies
                 could
                 not
                 be
                 found
                 to
                 be
                 buried
                 ,
                 being
                 lost
                 in
                 the
                 depth
                 of
                 the
                 Snow
                 ;
                 the
                 rest
                 about
                 break
                 of
                 day
                 recovered
                 the
                 top
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 shaking
                 of
                 the
                 Linnen
                 Cloaths
                 gave
                 notice
                 to
                 the
                 Army
                 that
                 they
                 had
                 gain'd
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 sign
                 Alexander
                 had
                 commanded
                 them
                 :
                 Upon
                 which
                 a
                 Trumpeter
                 was
                 forthwith
                 sent
                 out
                 with
                 command
                 to
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 without
                 any
                 further
                 delay
                 surrender
                 themselves
                 ,
                 for
                 that
                 he
                 had
                 now
                 found
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 had
                 Wings
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 possessed
                 themselves
                 of
                 the
                 top
                 of
                 the
                 Rock
                 ;
                 and
                 at
                 the
                 same
                 time
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 had
                 gain'd
                 the
                 Rock
                 ,
                 presented
                 themselves
                 in
                 view
                 to
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 amaz'd
                 at
                 such
                 an
                 unexpected
                 sight
                 ,
                 supposing
                 them
                 to
                 be
                 more
                 ,
                 and
                 better
                 arm'd
                 than
                 indeed
                 they
                 were
                 ,
                 gave
                 up
                 themselves
                 ;
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 a
                 few
                 Macedonians
                 was
                 so
                 terrible
                 to
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 There
                 were
                 there
                 taken
                 Prisoners
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Wives
                 and
                 Children
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 and
                 amongst
                 them
                 the
                 Wife
                 and
                 Daughters
                 of
                 Oxyartes
                 .
                 Oxyartes's
                 Son
                 likewise
                 was
                 about
                 the
                 Age
                 of
                 Nine
                 Years
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 
                   7.
                   
                   Of
                   the
                   Hunting
                   in
                   Basistis
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   multitude
                   of
                   Wild
                   Beasts
                   there
                   .
                   
                     Curtius
                     ,
                     lib.
                     VII
                     .
                     c.
                     1.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 HAving
                 given
                 a
                 gracious
                 Audience
                 to
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 he
                 there
                 stayed
                 waiting
                 for
                 Hephestion
                 and
                 Artabazus
                 ,
                 who
                 being
                 afterwards
                 join'd
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 came
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 call'd
                 Bazaria
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 riches
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 in
                 those
                 Places
                 ,
                 there
                 can
                 be
                 no
                 greater
                 argument
                 ,
                 than
                 the
                 multitude
                 of
                 stately
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 that
                 range
                 in
                 large
                 Woods
                 and
                 Forrests
                 in
                 that
                 Country
                 .
                 They
                 frequent
                 spacious
                 Woods
                 pleasantly
                 water'd
                 with
                 many
                 refreshing
                 springs
                 .
                 They
                 are
                 Wall'd
                 round
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 are
                 built
                 Towers
                 for
                 Stands
                 to
                 view
                 the
                 hunting
                 of
                 the
                 Beasts
                 .
                 One
                 of
                 these
                 Chases
                 had
                 remain'd
                 free
                 and
                 untouch'd
                 for
                 the
                 space
                 of
                 Four
                 generations
                 ,
                 which
                 Alexander
                 entring
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 he
                 commanded
                 the
                 Game
                 in
                 all
                 parts
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 be
                 rouz'd
                 ;
                 amongst
                 which
                 when
                 a
                 Lyon
                 of
                 a
                 vast
                 Bigness
                 met
                 and
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 L●simachus
                 (
                 who
                 afterwards
                 was
                 *
                 King
                 )
                 happening
                 to
                 be
                 next
                 to
                 Alexander
                 offered
                 to
                 make
                 at
                 the
                 Beast
                 with
                 his
                 hunting
                 Spear
                 ,
                 the
                 King
                 put
                 him
                 by
                 ,
                 and
                 bid
                 him
                 be
                 gone
                 adding
                 that
                 the
                 Lyon
                 might
                 be
                 kill'd
                 by
                 himself
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 by
                 Lysimachus
                 .
                 This
                 Lysimachus
                 had
                 before
                 in
                 a
                 hunting
                 in
                 Syria
                 kill'd
                 an
                 exceeding
                 great
                 Lyon
                 with
                 his
                 own
                 hand
                 ,
                 but
                 he
                 had
                 been
                 even
                 at
                 the
                 point
                 of
                 Death
                 ,
                 his
                 lest
                 shoulder
                 having
                 been
                 (
                 in
                 that
                 Encounter
                 )
                 rent
                 and
                 torn
                 even
                 to
                 the
                 very
                 Bone.
                 The
                 King
                 twitting
                 him
                 with
                 this
                 ,
                 shew'd
                 more
                 of
                 Valour
                 afterwards
                 in
                 action
                 than
                 he
                 did
                 before
                 in
                 this
                 expression
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 not
                 only
                 stood
                 the
                 Beast
                 ,
                 but
                 kill'd
                 him
                 at
                 one
                 blow
                 .
                 The
                 story
                 that
                 was
                 foolishly
                 spread
                 abroad
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 gave
                 up
                 Lysimachus
                 to
                 be
                 devoured
                 by
                 a
                 Lyon
                 ,
                 rose
                 (
                 I
                 believe
                 )
                 from
                 this
                 accident
                 before
                 related
                 .
                 But
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 (
                 though
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 thus
                 happily
                 delivered
                 )
                 yet
                 according
                 to
                 the
                 Custom
                 of
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 establish'd
                 a
                 Decree
                 that
                 he
                 should
                 not
                 hunt
                 on
                 Foot
                 without
                 a
                 Guard
                 of
                 his
                 Captains
                 and
                 Friends
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 having
                 kill'd
                 Four
                 thousand
                 brave
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 ,
                 feasted
                 with
                 his
                 whole
                 Army
                 in
                 the
                 Forrest
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 
                   1.
                   
                   Of
                   his
                   Offence
                   against
                   Bacchus
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Murder
                   of
                   Clitus
                   in
                   his
                   Cups
                   .
                   
                     Arrianus
                     ,
                     lib.
                     IV.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 TO
                 declare
                 in
                 this
                 place
                 the
                 death
                 of
                 Clitus
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 foul
                 act
                 of
                 Alexander
                 in
                 that
                 matter
                 (
                 though
                 it
                 happned
                 some
                 little
                 time
                 after
                 )
                 yet
                 I
                 judge
                 it
                 not
                 altogether
                 out
                 of
                 course
                 .
                 The
                 Macedonians
                 (
                 it
                 s
                 said
                 )
                 have
                 a
                 certain
                 day
                 sacred
                 to
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 and
                 Alexander
                 
                 was
                 accustomed
                 to
                 sacrifice
                 to
                 Bacchus
                 every
                 year
                 upon
                 that
                 day
                 ;
                 but
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 he
                 neglected
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 and
                 sacrific'd
                 to
                 Custor
                 and
                 Pollux
                 ;
                 and
                 from
                 that
                 time
                 he
                 appointed
                 Sacrifice
                 to
                 them
                 ,
                 with
                 Feasting
                 always
                 at
                 that
                 day
                 .
                 And
                 whereas
                 now
                 the
                 Company
                 had
                 been
                 a
                 considerable
                 time
                 quaffing
                 and
                 carouzing
                 (
                 for
                 Alexander
                 had
                 now
                 learn'd
                 to
                 imitate
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 in
                 his
                 Cups
                 )
                 and
                 all
                 were
                 heated
                 with
                 Wine
                 ,
                 a
                 discourse
                 happned
                 concerning
                 the
                 *
                 Discorides
                 how
                 to
                 derive
                 their
                 Original
                 from
                 Jupiter
                 ,
                 and
                 set
                 aside
                 that
                 of
                 Tyndarus
                 ;
                 some
                 who
                 were
                 present
                 to
                 flatter
                 the
                 King
                 (
                 which
                 sort
                 of
                 Creatures
                 are
                 ever
                 Pernicious
                 both
                 to
                 the
                 Persons
                 and
                 Concerns
                 of
                 Kings
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 ever
                 at
                 hand
                 )
                 deliver'd
                 their
                 Judgment
                 that
                 Castor
                 and
                 Pollux
                 were
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 respect
                 to
                 be
                 compar'd
                 to
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 brave
                 and
                 noble
                 Actions
                 :
                 Others
                 in
                 their
                 Cups
                 did
                 not
                 spare
                 Hercules
                 himself
                 ;
                 but
                 said
                 that
                 Envy
                 was
                 the
                 cause
                 that
                 debarr'd
                 Mortals
                 from
                 these
                 Honours
                 that
                 were
                 due
                 to
                 them
                 from
                 those
                 among
                 whom
                 they
                 convers'd
                 .
                 But
                 Clitus
                 who
                 ever
                 heretofore
                 hated
                 
                 Alexander's
                 imitation
                 of
                 the
                 Manners
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 discourses
                 of
                 his
                 Flatterers
                 ,
                 having
                 now
                 his
                 Spirits
                 something
                 rais'd
                 with
                 Wine
                 ,
                 was
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 those
                 Contempts
                 cast
                 upon
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 nor
                 that
                 by
                 undervaluing
                 those
                 Acts
                 of
                 the
                 antient
                 Heroes
                 ,
                 so
                 thankless
                 a
                 piece
                 of
                 service
                 should
                 be
                 paid
                 to
                 the
                 King.
                 And
                 declar'd
                 that
                 Alexander
                 had
                 neither
                 done
                 such
                 wonderful
                 things
                 as
                 they
                 cri'd
                 him
                 up
                 for
                 ,
                 neither
                 did
                 he
                 do
                 any
                 of
                 them
                 himself
                 alone
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 Praise
                 of
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 'em
                 was
                 due
                 to
                 the
                 Valour
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 But
                 Alexander
                 was
                 much
                 inrag'd
                 at
                 these
                 words
                 of
                 Clitus
                 ;
                 neither
                 indeed
                 ,
                 can
                 I
                 commend
                 him
                 in
                 what
                 he
                 said
                 ,
                 for
                 I
                 am
                 of
                 opinion
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 much
                 more
                 prudent
                 for
                 him
                 in
                 this
                 time
                 of
                 carouzing
                 to
                 have
                 held
                 his
                 peace
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 to
                 forbear
                 joining
                 with
                 others
                 in
                 this
                 sordid
                 Vice
                 of
                 Flattery
                 :
                 And
                 whereas
                 some
                 call'd
                 to
                 mind
                 the
                 Acts
                 of
                 Philip
                 ,
                 and
                 did
                 all
                 they
                 could
                 most
                 unjustly
                 to
                 bear
                 down
                 and
                 make
                 slight
                 of
                 all
                 he
                 did
                 as
                 nothing
                 at
                 all
                 memorable
                 (
                 in
                 the
                 mean
                 time
                 caressing
                 and
                 extolling
                 of
                 
                   Alexander
                   )
                   Clitus
                
                 now
                 not
                 himself
                 ,
                 began
                 to
                 advance
                 the
                 the
                 actions
                 of
                 Philip
                 ,
                 and
                 vilifie
                 Alexander
                 and
                 his
                 Atchievments
                 :
                 And
                 cast
                 it
                 in
                 the
                 King's
                 Teeth
                 (
                 now
                 raging
                 like
                 a
                 Madman
                 )
                 amongst
                 other
                 things
                 ,
                 how
                 he
                 had
                 at
                 the
                 River
                 Granicus
                 in
                 the
                 Charge
                 ,
                 in
                 the
                 Horse
                 Engagement
                 preserv'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 impudently
                 stretching
                 out
                 his
                 right
                 Hand
                 ,
                 cried
                 out
                 ,
                 
                   This
                   Hand
                   O
                   Alexander
                   ,
                   preserv'd
                   thy
                   Life
                   in
                   that
                   Battel
                   :
                   Alexander
                
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 longer
                 to
                 endure
                 the
                 unbridled
                 Passion
                 of
                 Clitus
                 ,
                 or
                 his
                 base
                 language
                 ,
                 nor
                 his
                 reproaches
                 cast
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 in
                 a
                 rage
                 leapt
                 out
                 towards
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 held
                 back
                 by
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 round
                 about
                 him
                 ;
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 hand
                 Clitus
                 let
                 fly
                 all
                 the
                 reproachful
                 words
                 he
                 cou'd
                 devise
                 ,
                 surpassing
                 all
                 bounds
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 with
                 a
                 loud
                 voice
                 call'd
                 out
                 for
                 Argyraspides
                 ,
                 and
                 no
                 Man
                 regarding
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 cried
                 out
                 again
                 that
                 he
                 was
                 now
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Condition
                 Darius
                 was
                 in
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 seiz'd
                 and
                 led
                 away
                 by
                 Ressus
                 and
                 his
                 Accomplices
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 nothing
                 left
                 him
                 but
                 the
                 Name
                 of
                 a
                 King.
                 His
                 Friends
                 then
                 could
                 not
                 hold
                 him
                 any
                 longer
                 ,
                 but
                 springing
                 from
                 them
                 ,
                 some
                 say
                 he
                 snatcht
                 a
                 Launce
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 hands
                 of
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Guards
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 that
                 run
                 Clitus
                 through
                 ,
                 and
                 kill'd
                 him
                 ;
                 others
                 report
                 it
                 was
                 with
                 a
                 *
                 Sarissa
                 deliver'd
                 to
                 him
                 by
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Guard
                 ;
                 Aristobulus
                 gives
                 no
                 account
                 whence
                 this
                 mad
                 Fit
                 of
                 
                 Alexander's
                 arose
                 ;
                 but
                 says
                 all
                 the
                 fault
                 was
                 wholly
                 in
                 Clitus
                 ;
                 for
                 that
                 when
                 Alexander
                 in
                 a
                 rage
                 rush't
                 up
                 and
                 made
                 at
                 him
                 to
                 kill
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 at
                 a
                 back
                 Door
                 shifted
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 got
                 quite
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Trenches
                 into
                 the
                 Fort
                 
                   to
                   Ptolemy
                
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Lagus
                 ,
                 a
                 Squire
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 yet
                 could
                 not
                 contain
                 himself
                 but
                 must
                 needs
                 come
                 back
                 again
                 ;
                 and
                 lighting
                 upon
                 Alexander
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 calling
                 out
                 for
                 
                   Clitus
                   ,
                   Here
                   's
                   Clitus
                   ,
                   Alexander
                   ,
                
                 said
                 he
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 ran
                 him
                 through
                 with
                 a
                 Sarissa
                 :
                 As
                 I
                 cannot
                 but
                 greatly
                 blame
                 Clitus
                 for
                 his
                 Insolency
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 so
                 I
                 am
                 troubled
                 for
                 Alexander
                 on
                 the
                 other
                 side
                 ,
                 because
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 he
                 expos'd
                 himself
                 as
                 guilty
                 of
                 Two
                 Vices
                 together
                 ,
                 Anger
                 and
                 Drunkenness
                 ;
                 to
                 be
                 overtaken
                 with
                 either
                 of
                 which
                 ,
                 did
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 least
                 become
                 a
                 sober
                 Man.
                 But
                 yet
                 again
                 I
                 must
                 praise
                 Alexander
                 upon
                 another
                 account
                 ,
                 that
                 presently
                 he
                 repented
                 of
                 the
                 soul
                 Fact
                 he
                 had
                 committed
                 .
                 For
                 some
                 who
                 write
                 of
                 the
                 Affairs
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 say
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 set
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Spear
                 against
                 the
                 Wall
                 ,
                 and
                 attempted
                 to
                 run
                 himself
                 upon
                 the
                 point
                 ,
                 because
                 his
                 Life
                 seem'd
                 hateful
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 having
                 through
                 his
                 Drunkenness
                 destroy'd
                 his
                 Friend
                 .
                 But
                 many
                 Writers
                 do
                 not
                 mention
                 this
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 upon
                 his
                 Bed
                 he
                 lay
                 lamenting
                 ,
                 calling
                 and
                 repeating
                 still
                 the
                 name
                 of
                 
                   Clitus
                   .
                   Lanices
                
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Dropidus
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 brought
                 up
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 received
                 from
                 him
                 now
                 he
                 was
                 a
                 Man
                 a
                 large
                 reward
                 for
                 his
                 Education
                 :
                 she
                 had
                 lost
                 Two
                 Sons
                 in
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 fighting
                 for
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 had
                 her
                 Brother
                 now
                 kill'd
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 Hand
                 :
                 He
                 cry'd
                 out
                 he
                 was
                 the
                 Murderer
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 wou'd
                 neither
                 eat
                 nor
                 drink
                 for
                 Three
                 days
                 space
                 ,
                 nor
                 take
                 any
                 care
                 of
                 himself
                 what
                 became
                 of
                 him
                 .
                 Some
                 of
                 
                 Bacchus's
                 Priests
                 told
                 him
                 that
                 these
                 Misfortunes
                 befell
                 him
                 because
                 he
                 had
                 neglected
                 to
                 Sacrifice
                 to
                 Bacchus
                 .
                 His
                 Friends
                 had
                 much
                 ado
                 to
                 perswade
                 him
                 to
                 eat
                 or
                 drink
                 any
                 thing
                 to
                 refresh
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 at
                 last
                 
                 he
                 sacrific'd
                 to
                 Bacchus
                 ;
                 since
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 displeasing
                 to
                 him
                 that
                 that
                 misfortune
                 should
                 be
                 imputed
                 rather
                 to
                 the
                 Anger
                 of
                 the
                 God
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 his
                 own
                 wickedness
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 
                   9.
                   
                   Of
                   the
                   Death
                   of
                   Calisthenes
                   .
                   
                     Arrianus
                     ,
                     lib.
                     IV.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 AS
                 to
                 the
                 Adoration
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 how
                 Calisthenes
                 oppos'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 what
                 relates
                 to
                 it
                 ,
                 't
                 is
                 reported
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 was
                 agreed
                 between
                 Alexander
                 and
                 the
                 Sophisters
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 the
                 Nobility
                 of
                 the
                 Medes
                 and
                 Persians
                 that
                 attended
                 upon
                 him
                 ,
                 that
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 their
                 Feasting
                 a
                 Discourse
                 should
                 be
                 started
                 concerning
                 this
                 matter
                 .
                 Anaxarchus
                 was
                 the
                 Person
                 that
                 began
                 ,
                 and
                 declar'd
                 ,
                 That
                 Alexander
                 had
                 more
                 right
                 to
                 be
                 accounted
                 a
                 God
                 than
                 either
                 Bacchus
                 or
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 not
                 only
                 for
                 the
                 greatness
                 of
                 his
                 Noble
                 Actions
                 ,
                 but
                 because
                 Bacchus
                 was
                 a
                 Theban
                 ,
                 a
                 meer
                 Stranger
                 ,
                 having
                 no
                 Communication
                 with
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ;
                 and
                 Hercules
                 was
                 of
                 Argos
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 a
                 Stranger
                 as
                 the
                 other
                 ,
                 save
                 that
                 Alexander
                 was
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Stock
                 ,
                 for
                 he
                 was
                 from
                 the
                 Heraclides
                 ;
                 and
                 't
                 is
                 far
                 more
                 just
                 and
                 equal
                 for
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 to
                 adore
                 their
                 own
                 King
                 with
                 Divine
                 Honours
                 than
                 any
                 other
                 .
                 And
                 no
                 doubt
                 (
                 he
                 said
                 )
                 was
                 to
                 be
                 made
                 but
                 they
                 wou'd
                 pay
                 to
                 him
                 Divine
                 Honours
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 dead
                 ;
                 therefore
                 't
                 is
                 much
                 better
                 to
                 adore
                 him
                 as
                 a
                 God
                 while
                 he
                 was
                 alive
                 ,
                 than
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 dead
                 ,
                 when
                 their
                 Divine
                 Worship
                 of
                 him
                 would
                 be
                 of
                 no
                 advantage
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 When
                 these
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 purpose
                 were
                 said
                 by
                 Anaxarchus
                 ,
                 those
                 who
                 were
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Pack
                 praised
                 all
                 that
                 was
                 spoken
                 ,
                 and
                 declar'd
                 they
                 would
                 forthwith
                 *
                 Adore
                 him
                 :
                 But
                 many
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 who
                 condemn'd
                 
                 Anaxarchus's
                 Speech
                 ,
                 held
                 their
                 peace
                 .
                 But
                 Calisthenes
                 in
                 the
                 midst
                 of
                 the
                 Silence
                 spoke
                 thus
                 :
              
               
                 Indeed
                 ,
                 Anaxarchus
                 ,
                 
                   I
                   count
                   not
                
                 Alexander
                 
                   unworthy
                   of
                   any
                   Honour
                   (
                   how
                   great
                   soever
                   it
                   be
                   )
                   that
                   is
                   fit
                   to
                   be
                   ascrib'd
                   to
                   Men
                   ;
                   but
                   there
                   are
                   prescrib'd
                   Differences
                   amongst
                   Men
                   between
                   Divine
                   and
                   Human
                   Honours
                   ,
                   amongst
                   many
                   others
                   in
                   the
                   Building
                   of
                   Temples
                   and
                   Erecting
                   of
                   Statues
                   ;
                   for
                   to
                   the
                   Gods
                   we
                   consecrate
                   Oratories
                   ,
                   offer
                   Sacrifices
                   and
                   drink
                   Offerings
                   :
                   To
                   the
                   Gods
                   are
                   sung
                   Hymns
                   ;
                   Men
                   are
                   prais'd
                   ,
                   but
                   not
                   ador'd
                   :
                   Kisses
                   in
                   Salutations
                   are
                   given
                   to
                   Men
                   ,
                   but
                   the
                   Gods
                   are
                   plac'd
                   on
                   high
                   ,
                   and
                   't
                   is
                   not
                   lawful
                   to
                   touch
                   'em
                   ;
                   and
                   therefore
                   they
                   are
                   worshipp'd
                   with
                   Adoration
                   .
                   Solemn
                   Times
                   of
                   Dancings
                   are
                   perform'd
                   to
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   and
                
                 Paeans
                 
                   sung
                   to
                   them
                   .
                   Neither
                   is
                   it
                   to
                   be
                   wonder'd
                   at
                   ,
                   inasmuch
                   as
                   the
                   Honours
                   given
                   to
                   the
                   Gods
                   are
                   various
                   ;
                   some
                   sort
                   of
                   Honours
                   given
                   to
                   one
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   to
                   another
                   (
                   especially
                   those
                   Honours
                   of
                   later
                   time
                   .
                   )
                   Nay
                   ;
                   those
                   Honours
                   given
                   to
                   some
                   of
                   the
                   Hero's
                   differ
                   from
                   Divine
                   Honours
                   .
                   'T
                   is
                   not
                   therefore
                   fit
                   to
                   confound
                   these
                   things
                   ,
                   nor
                   to
                   advance
                   Men
                   above
                   themselves
                   and
                   all
                   Mankind
                   besides
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   degrade
                   the
                   Gods
                   ,
                   by
                   Worshipping
                   them
                   with
                   the
                   same
                   Worship
                   wherewith
                   we
                   adore
                   Men.
                
                 Alexander
                 
                   himself
                   would
                   not
                   suffer
                   any
                   private
                   Man
                   to
                   usurp
                   the
                   Regal
                   Dignity
                   and
                   Honours
                   due
                   to
                   himself
                   ,
                   though
                   he
                   gain'd
                   'em
                   by
                   the
                   unjust
                   Suffrages
                   of
                   the
                   People
                   ;
                   much
                   more
                   justly
                   therefore
                   may
                   the
                   Gods
                   be
                   angry
                   if
                   any
                   mortal
                   Man
                   assume
                   to
                   himself
                   Divine
                   Honours
                   ,
                   or
                   accept
                   of
                   them
                   from
                   others
                   .
                   However
                   ,
                   let
                
                 Alexander
                 
                   be
                   esteem'd
                   (
                   as
                   in
                   truth
                   he
                   is
                   )
                   by
                   many
                   degrees
                   the
                   most
                   Valiant
                   of
                   them
                   that
                   are
                   Valiant
                   ,
                   the
                   greatest
                   King
                   amongst
                   all
                   other
                   Kings
                   ,
                   and
                   amongst
                   Generals
                   the
                   most
                   Worthy
                   to
                   Command
                   .
                   But
                   as
                   for
                   thee
                   ,
                
                 Anaxarchus
                 ,
                 
                   't
                   is
                   thy
                   Duty
                   above
                   any
                   other
                   to
                   instruct
                
                 Alexander
                 
                   in
                   these
                   things
                   that
                   have
                   been
                   spoken
                   ,
                   and
                   to
                   d●ter
                   him
                   from
                   the
                   contrary
                   ;
                   for
                   thy
                   Conversation
                   he
                   daily
                   makes
                   use
                   of
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   improve
                   in
                   Wisdom
                   and
                   Learning
                   .
                   Neither
                   does
                   it
                   become
                   thee
                   to
                   be
                   the
                   beginner
                   of
                   this
                   Discourse
                   ,
                   but
                   rather
                   to
                   remember
                   that
                   thou
                   art
                   not
                   advising
                
                 Cambyses
                 or
                 Xerxes
                 ,
                 
                   but
                   the
                   Son
                   of
                
                 Philip
                 ,
                 
                   descended
                   from
                
                 Hercules
                 and
                 Achilles
                 ,
                 
                   whose
                   Ancestors
                   came
                   out
                   of
                
                 Argos
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   maintain'd
                   their
                   Empire
                   not
                   by
                   Arbitrary
                   Power
                   ,
                   but
                   by
                   Ruling
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Laws
                   and
                   Customs
                   of
                   the
                
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 
                   But
                   Divine
                   Houours
                   were
                   not
                   confevr'd
                   upon
                
                 Hercules
                 
                   himself
                   by
                   the
                
                 Grecians
                 
                   while
                   he
                   was
                   living
                   ,
                   nay
                   nor
                   when
                   he
                   was
                   dead
                   ,
                   before
                   the
                   Oracle
                   at
                
                 Delphos
                 
                   commanded
                   that
                   he
                   should
                   be
                   worshipp'd
                   as
                   a
                   God.
                   But
                   if
                   there
                   be
                   but
                   few
                   that
                   are
                   in
                   the
                   Country
                   of
                   the
                   Barbarians
                   ,
                   we
                   ought
                   to
                   entertain
                   the
                   same
                   Sentiments
                   with
                   them
                   .
                   And
                   I
                   earnestly
                   entreat
                   thee
                   ,
                
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 
                   to
                   remember
                
                 Greece
                 ,
                 
                   for
                   whose
                   sake
                   this
                   Expedition
                   was
                   undertaken
                   by
                   thee
                   ,
                   in
                   order
                   to
                   add
                
                 Asia
                 to
                 Greece
                 :
                 
                   And
                   now
                   consider
                   whether
                   when
                   you
                   return
                   thither
                   ,
                   you
                   can
                   be
                   able
                   to
                   compel
                   the
                   free
                   People
                   of
                
                 Greece
                 
                   to
                   adore
                   you
                   as
                   a
                   God
                   ,
                   or
                   (
                   excepting
                   them
                   of
                
                 Greece
                 )
                 
                   you
                   can
                   impose
                   this
                   Dishonour
                   and
                   Slavery
                   upon
                   the
                
                 Macedonians
                 
                   only
                   ,
                   or
                   whether
                   it
                   be
                   fit
                   that
                   quite
                   different
                   Honours
                   be
                   there
                   allow'd
                   you
                   ;
                   being
                   the
                
                 Grecians
                 
                   confer
                   only
                   those
                   that
                   are
                   Human
                   ,
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Custom
                   and
                   Manner
                   of
                   the
                
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 
                   when
                   at
                   the
                   same
                   time
                   only
                   the
                   Barbarians
                   worship
                   you
                   as
                   a
                   God
                   after
                   the
                   manner
                   of
                
                 Barbarians
                 .
                 
                   But
                   if
                   it
                   be
                   objected
                   ,
                   That
                
                 Cyrus
                 
                   Son
                   of
                
                 Cambyses
                 
                   was
                   the
                   first
                   of
                   all
                   mortal
                   Men
                   that
                   was
                   ador'd
                   by
                   Men
                   as
                   a
                   God
                   ,
                   ana
                   that
                   since
                   that
                   time
                   this
                   Adoration
                   has
                   continued
                   amongst
                   the
                
                 Medes
                 and
                 Persians
                 ;
                 
                   yet
                   you
                   are
                   to
                   consider
                   how
                   his
                   Pride
                   was
                   curb'd
                   by
                   the
                
                 Scythians
                 ,
                 
                 
                   a
                   poor
                   and
                   indigent
                   People
                   .
                   And
                   how
                   other
                
                 Scythians
                 
                   again
                   reduc'd
                
                 Darius
                 
                   to
                   more
                   sober
                   Thoughts
                   of
                   himself
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                
                 Athenians
                 and
                 Lacedaemonians
                 ,
                 Xerxes
                 and
                 Clearchus
                 ,
                 and
                 Xenophon
                 ,
                 Artaxerxes
                 ,
                 
                   only
                   with
                   Ten
                   thousand
                   Men
                   ;
                   and
                
                 Darius
                 
                   now
                   overcome
                   by
                
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 
                   when
                   at
                   that
                   time
                   no
                   Divine
                   Honours
                   were
                   decreed
                   to
                   him
                   .
                
              
               
                 When
                 Calisthenes
                 had
                 spoken
                 these
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 to
                 the
                 same
                 purpose
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 took
                 it
                 very
                 heinously
                 ;
                 but
                 what
                 he
                 said
                 was
                 very
                 grateful
                 and
                 acceptable
                 to
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ;
                 which
                 being
                 known
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 sent
                 some
                 to
                 urge
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 to
                 remember
                 the
                 Adoration
                 of
                 the
                 King
                 ;
                 upon
                 which
                 there
                 being
                 a
                 great
                 silence
                 ,
                 those
                 among
                 the
                 Persians
                 that
                 were
                 most
                 Eminent
                 for
                 Birth
                 and
                 Honourable
                 for
                 Age
                 ,
                 all
                 rose
                 up
                 together
                 ,
                 and
                 *
                 ador'd
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 Leonatus
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Friends
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 saw
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Perfians
                 sordidly
                 prostrating
                 himself
                 ,
                 he
                 fell
                 a
                 laughing
                 at
                 the
                 poor
                 and
                 mean
                 Gesture
                 of
                 the
                 Persian
                 ;
                 at
                 which
                 Alexander
                 was
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 very
                 angry
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 afterwards
                 pacifi'd
                 .
                 Some
                 write
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 King
                 drank
                 in
                 a
                 golden
                 Bowl
                 to
                 them
                 with
                 whom
                 he
                 had
                 made
                 the
                 Compact
                 to
                 adore
                 him
                 in
                 a
                 Ring
                 as
                 they
                 sat
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 the
                 first
                 that
                 pledg'd
                 him
                 ,
                 presently
                 arose
                 and
                 *
                 ador'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 kiss'd
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 so
                 in
                 order
                 the
                 rest
                 did
                 the
                 same
                 ,
                 one
                 after
                 another
                 .
                 But
                 when
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 
                 Calisthenes's
                 turn
                 ,
                 he
                 rose
                 up
                 ,
                 and
                 drank
                 off
                 the
                 Bowl
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 done
                 (
                 without
                 adoring
                 him
                 )
                 drew
                 near
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 to
                 kiss
                 him
                 .
                 Alexander
                 was
                 then
                 accidentally
                 discoursing
                 with
                 Hephestion
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 did
                 not
                 mind
                 whether
                 he
                 omitted
                 the
                 Adoration
                 or
                 not
                 .
                 But
                 Demetrius
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Pythonax
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Friends
                 ,
                 observing
                 when
                 Calisthenes
                 approach'd
                 to
                 kiss
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 inform'd
                 him
                 that
                 Calisthenes
                 had
                 not
                 ador'd
                 him
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 the
                 King
                 turn'd
                 away
                 from
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 thereupon
                 Calisthenes
                 said
                 ,
                 he
                 must
                 now
                 be
                 discarded
                 with
                 the
                 Loss
                 of
                 a
                 Kiss
                 .
              
               
                 I
                 cannot
                 indeed
                 praise
                 either
                 any
                 of
                 these
                 things
                 that
                 tended
                 to
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Dishonour
                 ,
                 or
                 the
                 Moroseness
                 of
                 Calisthenes
                 ;
                 for
                 I
                 conceive
                 it
                 had
                 been
                 enough
                 for
                 him
                 modestly
                 to
                 have
                 carry'd
                 himself
                 ,
                 and
                 for
                 him
                 who
                 would
                 serve
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 to
                 promote
                 his
                 Affairs
                 to
                 the
                 best
                 advantage
                 ,
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 ever
                 he
                 was
                 able
                 :
                 And
                 therefore
                 I
                 am
                 of
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 that
                 Calisthenes
                 was
                 not
                 without
                 just
                 cause
                 hated
                 by
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 the
                 unseasonable
                 liberty
                 of
                 his
                 Speech
                 and
                 foolish
                 Malepertness
                 .
                 For
                 which
                 reason
                 (
                 I
                 believe
                 )
                 Credit
                 was
                 more
                 easily
                 given
                 afterwards
                 to
                 his
                 Accusers
                 ,
                 by
                 whom
                 he
                 was
                 charg'd
                 to
                 be
                 in
                 the
                 Conspiracy
                 with
                 the
                 Pages
                 against
                 the
                 King's
                 Life
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 others
                 who
                 affirm'd
                 that
                 they
                 were
                 put
                 on
                 to
                 it
                 by
                 him
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Conspiracy
                 was
                 thus
                 :
                 There
                 was
                 an
                 Order
                 formerly
                 made
                 by
                 Philip
                 ,
                 that
                 from
                 among
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonian
                 Nobility
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 grew
                 up
                 to
                 Men's
                 estate
                 ,
                 choice
                 should
                 be
                 made
                 of
                 some
                 from
                 time
                 to
                 time
                 to
                 attend
                 upon
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 both
                 to
                 be
                 Squires
                 of
                 his
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 Gentlemen
                 of
                 his
                 Bedchamber
                 :
                 These
                 Youths
                 ,
                 when
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 about
                 to
                 ride
                 ,
                 receiv'd
                 the
                 Horses
                 from
                 the
                 Querries
                 ,
                 and
                 led
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 the
                 Persian
                 manner
                 help'd
                 him
                 to
                 mount
                 ,
                 and
                 waited
                 upon
                 him
                 whenever
                 he
                 went
                 forth
                 a
                 Hunting
                 :
                 Among
                 these
                 ,
                 there
                 was
                 one
                 Hermolaus
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Sopolides
                 ,
                 who
                 studied
                 Philosophy
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 Scholar
                 to
                 Calisthenes
                 :
                 The
                 Report
                 is
                 ,
                 That
                 a
                 wild
                 Boar
                 in
                 the
                 course
                 of
                 Hunting
                 meeting
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 this
                 Hermolaus
                 prevented
                 the
                 King
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 aiming
                 at
                 him
                 )
                 and
                 kill'd
                 the
                 Boar.
                 The
                 King
                 hereupon
                 being
                 in
                 a
                 rage
                 to
                 have
                 the
                 Opportunity
                 of
                 killing
                 the
                 Boar
                 snatch'd
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 hand
                 ,
                 commanded
                 that
                 the
                 Youth
                 should
                 be
                 whipt
                 in
                 the
                 presence
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 other
                 Pages
                 ,
                 and
                 have
                 his
                 Horse
                 taken
                 from
                 him
                 :
                 Which
                 Disgrace
                 he
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 to
                 bear
                 ,
                 open'd
                 his
                 Mind
                 to
                 Sostrates
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Amyntas
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Companions
                 ,
                 of
                 the
                 same
                 Quality
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Bosom
                 Friend
                 ,
                 and
                 declar'd
                 to
                 him
                 that
                 his
                 Life
                 wou'd
                 be
                 but
                 a
                 Burden
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 unless
                 he
                 could
                 revenge
                 the
                 Injury
                 done
                 him
                 upon
                 Alexander
                 ;
                 and
                 it
                 was
                 no
                 difficult
                 matter
                 to
                 persuade
                 Sostrates
                 (
                 being
                 his
                 special
                 Friend
                 )
                 to
                 join
                 with
                 him
                 in
                 this
                 Traiterous
                 Conspiracy
                 .
                 Antipater
                 likewise
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Asclep●odorus
                 (
                 Lord
                 Lieutenant
                 of
                 
                   Syria
                   )
                   Epimenes
                
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Arseus
                 ,
                 and
                 Anticles
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Theocritus
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 Philotas
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Carsides
                 the
                 Thracian
                 ,
                 were
                 all
                 brought
                 in
                 by
                 him
                 to
                 join
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 Treason
                 .
                 The
                 Night
                 that
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 
                 Antipater's
                 turn
                 to
                 wait
                 in
                 the
                 Bedchamber
                 ,
                 was
                 the
                 time
                 pitch'd
                 upon
                 to
                 kill
                 Alexander
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 asleep
                 .
                 But
                 it
                 hapned
                 (
                 as
                 some
                 write
                 )
                 that
                 Alexander
                 that
                 very
                 Night
                 sate
                 up
                 Drinking
                 till
                 Morning
                 .
                 But
                 Aristobulus
                 says
                 ,
                 That
                 a
                 certain
                 Woman
                 of
                 Syria
                 pretending
                 to
                 be
                 divinely
                 inspir'd
                 ,
                 still
                 follow'd
                 Alexander
                 from
                 place
                 to
                 place
                 ,
                 whom
                 Alexander
                 and
                 his
                 Courtiers
                 at
                 first
                 ridicul'd
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 what
                 she
                 had
                 foretold
                 was
                 still
                 verify'd
                 by
                 the
                 Event
                 ,
                 she
                 was
                 no
                 longer
                 despis'd
                 by
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 freely
                 admitted
                 to
                 the
                 King
                 both
                 by
                 night
                 and
                 by
                 day
                 ,
                 and
                 often
                 was
                 in
                 his
                 Bed-chamber
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 asleep
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 said
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 this
                 Prophetess
                 by
                 chance
                 met
                 the
                 King
                 as
                 he
                 came
                 from
                 his
                 Cups
                 ,
                 and
                 entreated
                 him
                 to
                 return
                 to
                 his
                 Companions
                 ,
                 and
                 spend
                 the
                 whole
                 Night
                 in
                 Drinking
                 .
                 Alexander
                 judging
                 it
                 might
                 be
                 a
                 Divine
                 Warning
                 ,
                 return'd
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 disappointed
                 the
                 Traiterous
                 Designs
                 of
                 the
                 Pages
                 .
              
               
               
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 ,
                 Epimenes
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Arseus
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Conspirators
                 ,
                 discover'd
                 the
                 whole
                 matter
                 to
                 his
                 Friend
                 Caricles
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 
                   Menander
                   ,
                   Caricles
                
                 to
                 Eurylochus
                 the
                 Brother
                 of
                 
                   Epimeues
                   ;
                   Eurylochus
                
                 going
                 into
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Tent
                 ;
                 reveal'd
                 all
                 to
                 Ptolemy
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Lagus
                 ,
                 the
                 Esquire
                 of
                 the
                 King's
                 Body
                 ,
                 and
                 he
                 to
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 who
                 forthwith
                 order'd
                 all
                 that
                 Eurylochus
                 had
                 nam'd
                 to
                 be
                 seiz'd
                 ;
                 who
                 being
                 apprehended
                 ,
                 upon
                 their
                 Examination
                 confess'd
                 their
                 Treason
                 ,
                 and
                 discover'd
                 some
                 others
                 .
              
               
                 Aristobulus
                 indeed
                 says
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 declar'd
                 Calisthenes
                 stirr'd
                 'em
                 up
                 to
                 undertake
                 this
                 piece
                 of
                 Villany
                 ,
                 which
                 Ptolemy
                 likewise
                 confirms
                 :
                 But
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 others
                 that
                 give
                 another
                 account
                 of
                 this
                 matter
                 ,
                 viz.
                 That
                 Alexander
                 perfectly
                 hated
                 Calisthenes
                 ,
                 and
                 because
                 there
                 was
                 a
                 great
                 Intimacy
                 between
                 him
                 and
                 Hermolaus
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 easily
                 wrought
                 up
                 on
                 by
                 the
                 Informers
                 to
                 suspect
                 Calisthenes
                 .
              
               
                 Some
                 likewise
                 say
                 ,
                 That
                 Hermolaus
                 being
                 brought
                 beforethe
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 confess'd
                 that
                 he
                 himself
                 plotted
                 the
                 Treason
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 it
                 was
                 not
                 in
                 the
                 Power
                 of
                 any
                 free-born
                 Man
                 to
                 endure
                 the
                 Disgrace
                 and
                 Dishonour
                 Alexander
                 had
                 brought
                 upon
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 then
                 reckon'd
                 up
                 all
                 that
                 Alexander
                 in
                 that
                 kind
                 had
                 done
                 ;
                 to
                 wit
                 ,
                 the
                 unjust
                 Death
                 of
                 Philotas
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 far
                 more
                 Injustice
                 his
                 putting
                 to
                 death
                 Parmenio
                 ,
                 Philotas's
                 Father
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 that
                 were
                 then
                 kill'd
                 ;
                 the
                 Murder
                 of
                 Clitus
                 through
                 his
                 Drunkenness
                 ,
                 his
                 assuming
                 the
                 Habit
                 of
                 the
                 Medes
                 ,
                 the
                 Edict
                 for
                 his
                 Adoration
                 ,
                 not
                 yet
                 recall'd
                 ,
                 his
                 carousing
                 and
                 drunken
                 Dozing
                 ;
                 which
                 vile
                 Courses
                 he
                 not
                 able
                 further
                 to
                 endure
                 ,
                 he
                 was
                 earnest
                 to
                 regain
                 Liberty
                 both
                 to
                 himself
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 Hermolaus
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 that
                 were
                 seiz'd
                 were
                 ston'd
                 to
                 death
                 by
                 the
                 Standers-by
                 .
                 But
                 Aristobulus
                 says
                 ,
                 That
                 Calisthenes
                 was
                 carry'd
                 about
                 with
                 the
                 Army
                 in
                 Chains
                 ,
                 and
                 died
                 .
                 Ptolemy
                 says
                 he
                 was
                 first
                 rack'd
                 ,
                 and
                 afterwards
                 hang'd
                 .
                 So
                 that
                 these
                 Authors
                 ,
                 though
                 of
                 great
                 Credit
                 and
                 Repute
                 ,
                 and
                 who
                 were
                 themselves
                 present
                 in
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 attending
                 upon
                 Alexander
                 at
                 the
                 very
                 time
                 when
                 these
                 things
                 were
                 acted
                 ,
                 yet
                 cannot
                 agree
                 about
                 a
                 matter
                 ,
                 whereof
                 there
                 cou'd
                 be
                 no
                 doubt
                 at
                 all
                 at
                 the
                 time
                 when
                 it
                 was
                 done
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 
                   10.
                   
                   The
                   King's
                   Expedition
                   against
                   those
                   call'd
                   Nauticans
                   ,
                   or
                   Naurans
                   ;
                   and
                   the
                   Destruction
                   of
                   many
                   of
                   his
                   Army
                   by
                   a
                   great
                   Snow
                   .
                   
                     Curtius
                     ,
                     lib.
                     VIII
                     .
                     c.
                     4.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 THese
                 things
                 being
                 thus
                 set
                 in
                 order
                 ,
                 the
                 third
                 Month
                 he
                 march'd
                 *
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Winter-Quarters
                 towards
                 a
                 Country
                 call'd
                 †
                 Gabaza
                 .
                 The
                 first
                 day
                 he
                 had
                 an
                 easie
                 March
                 ;
                 the
                 next
                 day
                 was
                 not
                 as
                 yet
                 stormy
                 or
                 gloomy
                 ,
                 but
                 something
                 darker
                 than
                 the
                 day
                 before
                 ,
                 not
                 without
                 some
                 threatning
                 of
                 a
                 Storm
                 at
                 hand
                 .
                 The
                 third
                 day
                 the
                 whole
                 heaven
                 flash'd
                 with
                 Lightning
                 ,
                 sometimes
                 light
                 ,
                 then
                 presently
                 dark
                 ,
                 which
                 not
                 only
                 amaz'd
                 the
                 Eyes
                 ,
                 but
                 terrify'd
                 the
                 Hearts
                 of
                 the
                 distracted
                 Army
                 .
                 The
                 Air
                 resounded
                 with
                 continual
                 Thunder
                 ,
                 and
                 Thunder-bolts
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 seem'd
                 to
                 be
                 shot
                 from
                 the
                 Clouds
                 ;
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 even
                 struck
                 deaf
                 with
                 the
                 Thunder
                 ,
                 as
                 Men
                 astonish'd
                 ,
                 durst
                 neither
                 march
                 nor
                 stand
                 still
                 .
                 Then
                 on
                 a
                 sudden
                 fell
                 down
                 a
                 Storm
                 of
                 Hail
                 like
                 a
                 violent
                 Torrent
                 .
                 At
                 first
                 they
                 cover'd
                 themselves
                 with
                 their
                 Shields
                 ,
                 but
                 presently
                 their
                 henumb'd
                 and
                 frozen
                 Hands
                 let
                 fall
                 their
                 Arms
                 ,
                 neither
                 did
                 they
                 know
                 towards
                 what
                 Place
                 or
                 Country
                 to
                 move
                 themselves
                 ,
                 the
                 Violence
                 of
                 the
                 Storm
                 being
                 greater
                 than
                 could
                 possibly
                 be
                 avoided
                 ,
                 turn
                 themselves
                 ,
                 which
                 way
                 soever
                 they
                 would
                 .
                 Their
                 Ranks
                 and
                 Order
                 therefore
                 being
                 broke
                 ,
                 they
                 wander'd
                 through
                 the
                 *
                 Wood
                 in
                 Parties
                 as
                 they
                 could
                 ;
                 and
                 many
                 fainting
                 rather
                 with
                 Fear
                 than
                 through
                 Weariness
                 ,
                 fell
                 down
                 upon
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 although
                 the
                 Fierceness
                 of
                 the
                 Cold
                 had
                 frozen
                 the
                 Hail
                 ;
                 others
                 lean'd
                 themselves
                 to
                 the
                 Bodies
                 of
                 Trees
                 ,
                 which
                 was
                 to
                 many
                 both
                 a
                 Support
                 and
                 Defence
                 .
                 Neither
                 were
                 they
                 deceiv'd
                 in
                 chusing
                 out
                 a
                 place
                 to
                 die
                 in
                 ,
                 when
                 their
                 natural
                 Heat
                 ,
                 overcome
                 by
                 the
                 Cold
                 ,
                 left
                 them
                 immovable
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 it
                 was
                 a
                 grateful
                 Sloth
                 to
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 tir'd
                 out
                 ,
                 neither
                 did
                 they
                 count
                 it
                 i●ksome
                 to
                 find
                 Rest
                 by
                 Death
                 ;
                 for
                 the
                 Cold
                 was
                 not
                 only
                 vehement
                 ,
                 but
                 also
                 not
                 likely
                 to
                 abate
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 dark
                 Shades
                 of
                 the
                 Wood
                 ,
                 besides
                 the
                 Storm
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 as
                 the
                 Night
                 )
                 supprest
                 and
                 kept
                 out
                 the
                 Light
                 ,
                 that
                 common
                 Comfort
                 and
                 Refreshment
                 .
                 The
                 King
                 only
                 was
                 patient
                 under
                 this
                 sad
                 Misforttune
                 ,
                 and
                 walk'd
                 round
                 his
                 Camp
                 ,
                 and
                 brought
                 together
                 the
                 dispers'd
                 ,
                 and
                 lifted
                 up
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 down
                 ,
                 shewing
                 them
                 the
                 Smoak
                 that
                 came
                 from
                 Chimneys
                 afar
                 off
                 ,
                 advising
                 every
                 one
                 to
                 take
                 the
                 highest
                 Refuge
                 .
                 Neither
                 did
                 any
                 thing
                 conduce
                 more
                 to
                 their
                 Safety
                 ,
                 than
                 to
                 see
                 the
                 King
                 ,
                 who
                 had
                 taken
                 more
                 Pains
                 than
                 they
                 ,
                 yet
                 most
                 unwearied
                 of
                 any
                 ,
                 and
                 therefore
                 were
                 asham'd
                 to
                 leave
                 him
                 .
                 But
                 Necessity
                 ,
                 more
                 forcible
                 than
                 Reason
                 in
                 their
                 Distresses
                 ,
                 found
                 out
                 a
                 Remedy
                 for
                 
                 the
                 Cold
                 :
                 For
                 hewing
                 down
                 the
                 Trees
                 with
                 their
                 Axes
                 ,
                 they
                 set
                 the
                 Heaps
                 of
                 Wood
                 up
                 and
                 down
                 on
                 fire
                 ,
                 so
                 that
                 you
                 would
                 have
                 thought
                 all
                 the
                 Wood
                 had
                 been
                 on
                 a
                 ●lame
                 ,
                 and
                 scarce
                 any
                 place
                 left
                 for
                 the
                 Army
                 to
                 lodge
                 .
                 This
                 Heat
                 presently
                 enliven'd
                 their
                 benumb'd
                 Limbs
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 degrees
                 their
                 Spirits
                 ,
                 which
                 the
                 Cold
                 had
                 even
                 clos'd
                 up
                 ,
                 began
                 freely
                 to
                 pass
                 Some
                 were
                 entertain'd
                 in
                 the
                 Houses
                 of
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 which
                 hid
                 from
                 them
                 in
                 the
                 late
                 Wood
                 ;
                 but
                 now
                 their
                 Necessity
                 had
                 discover'd
                 others
                 lodg'd
                 in
                 their
                 Tents
                 ,
                 which
                 though
                 wet
                 ,
                 yet
                 were
                 more
                 tolerable
                 ,
                 the
                 Fury
                 of
                 the
                 Storm
                 being
                 something
                 abated
                 .
                 This
                 unhappy
                 Accident
                 swept
                 away
                 a
                 thousand
                 Soldiers
                 and
                 other
                 mean
                 *
                 Attendants
                 upon
                 the
                 Camp.
                 'T
                 is
                 reported
                 ,
                 that
                 some
                 were
                 found
                 standing
                 at
                 the
                 side
                 of
                 the
                 Trees
                 ,
                 and
                 seem'd
                 not
                 only
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 alive
                 ,
                 but
                 as
                 if
                 they
                 had
                 been
                 discoursing
                 one
                 with
                 another
                 in
                 the
                 same
                 posture
                 as
                 they
                 were
                 in
                 when
                 they
                 died
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 
                   11.
                   
                   How
                   Alexander
                   falling
                   in
                   Love
                   with
                   Roxana
                   ,
                   marry'd
                   her
                   ,
                   and
                   induc'd
                   many
                   of
                   his
                   Friends
                   to
                   marry
                   the
                   Daughters
                   of
                   the
                   Chief
                   Men
                   among
                   the
                   Barbarians
                   .
                   
                     Arrianus
                     ,
                     lib.
                     IV.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 Roxana
                 ,
                 the
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Oxyartes
                 ,
                 was
                 there
                 likewise
                 ,
                 a
                 Virgin
                 ripe
                 for
                 Marriage
                 ,
                 
                 whom
                 
                 Alexander's
                 Fellow-Soldiers
                 judg'd
                 to
                 be
                 the
                 most
                 Beautiful
                 Lady
                 of
                 all
                 Asia
                 next
                 to
                 the
                 Wife
                 of
                 Darius
                 ;
                 upon
                 sight
                 of
                 her
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 fell
                 deeply
                 in
                 Love
                 ,
                 yet
                 would
                 not
                 by
                 any
                 means
                 use
                 her
                 dishonourably
                 as
                 a
                 Captive
                 ;
                 neither
                 did
                 he
                 disdain
                 to
                 take
                 her
                 for
                 his
                 Wife
                 .
                 Which
                 Act
                 of
                 Alexander
                 (
                 I
                 conceive
                 )
                 was
                 more
                 worthy
                 of
                 Praise
                 than
                 Reprehension
                 .
                 And
                 for
                 
                 Darius's
                 Wife
                 (
                 who
                 was
                 esteem'd
                 the
                 most
                 Beautiful
                 Lady
                 of
                 all
                 Asia
                 )
                 he
                 neither
                 was
                 tainted
                 so
                 much
                 as
                 with
                 an
                 unlawful
                 Desire
                 towards
                 her
                 ,
                 or
                 as
                 a
                 domineering
                 Lord
                 commanded
                 her
                 to
                 his
                 Bed
                 ,
                 though
                 he
                 was
                 then
                 in
                 the
                 Heat
                 of
                 his
                 Youth
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 highest
                 pitch
                 of
                 Worldly
                 Prosperity
                 ;
                 which
                 two
                 Conditions
                 are
                 apt
                 greatly
                 to
                 provoke
                 Men
                 to
                 be
                 very
                 injurious
                 to
                 others
                 :
                 But
                 he
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 a
                 Reverence
                 to
                 her
                 Person
                 ,
                 spar'd
                 her
                 ;
                 herein
                 evidencing
                 his
                 great
                 Continency
                 ,
                 and
                 prompted
                 likewise
                 thereunto
                 by
                 a
                 desire
                 of
                 his
                 own
                 Honour
                 and
                 Reputation
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 
                   12.
                   
                   His
                   breaking
                   into
                   India
                   ,
                   and
                   his
                   putting
                   all
                   to
                   the
                   Sword
                   in
                   the
                   first
                   Country
                   he
                   enter'd
                   ,
                   to
                   be
                   a
                   Terrour
                   to
                   the
                   rest
                   .
                   
                     Arrianus
                     ,
                     lib.
                     IV.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 IN
                 the
                 middle
                 of
                 the
                 Spring
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 remov'd
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 out
                 of
                 Bactria
                 towards
                 India
                 ,
                 and
                 left
                 Amyntas
                 there
                 with
                 three
                 thousand
                 five
                 hundred
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 ten
                 thousand
                 Foot.
                 Having
                 pass'd
                 the
                 Caucasus
                 ,
                 in
                 ten
                 days
                 he
                 came
                 to
                 Alexandria
                 ,
                 which
                 he
                 had
                 built
                 in
                 Paropanisus
                 at
                 his
                 first
                 Expedition
                 into
                 Bactria
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 out
                 the
                 Governour
                 here
                 for
                 his
                 ill
                 Behaviour
                 in
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 Peopled
                 the
                 City
                 with
                 more
                 Inhabitants
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Neighbouring
                 Countries
                 ,
                 and
                 such
                 of
                 his
                 Macedonians
                 as
                 were
                 grown
                 unser
                 ●ceable
                 for
                 the
                 War
                 ,
                 and
                 made
                 Nicanor
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 his
                 Associates
                 ,
                 Governour
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 -
                 but
                 appointed
                 Tyriaspes
                 Commander
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Region
                 of
                 Paropanisus
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 all
                 that
                 Territory
                 or
                 Province
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 the
                 River
                 Cophene
                 .
                 Thence
                 he
                 went
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Nicea
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 offer'd
                 Sacrifice
                 to
                 Minerva
                 ,
                 and
                 then
                 march'd
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Cophene
                 ,
                 and
                 sending
                 an
                 Herauld
                 ,
                 commanded
                 Taxiles
                 and
                 the
                 rest
                 of
                 the
                 Governours
                 of
                 the
                 Countries
                 lying
                 beyond
                 the
                 River
                 to
                 come
                 to
                 him
                 .
                 Taxiles
                 and
                 other
                 petty
                 Princes
                 came
                 first
                 and
                 met
                 him
                 ,
                 bringing
                 him
                 large
                 Presents
                 ,
                 such
                 as
                 were
                 most
                 esteem'd
                 in
                 India
                 ,
                 promising
                 likewise
                 to
                 send
                 him
                 five
                 and
                 twenty
                 Elephants
                 .
                 He
                 there
                 divided
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 sent
                 Hephestion
                 and
                 Perdiccas
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 call'd
                 Peucelaotis
                 towards
                 the
                 River
                 Indus
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 the
                 Troops
                 of
                 
                   Georgias
                   ,
                   Clitus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Meleager
                 ,
                 and
                 half
                 the
                 Horse
                 of
                 the
                 Social
                 Band
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Mercenary
                 Horse
                 ,
                 commanding
                 them
                 to
                 take
                 in
                 by
                 fair
                 means
                 or
                 foul
                 all
                 the
                 Towns
                 which
                 lay
                 in
                 their
                 way
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Bank
                 of
                 the
                 River
                 Indus
                 ,
                 they
                 should
                 prepare
                 all
                 things
                 that
                 were
                 necessary
                 to
                 pass
                 over
                 .
                 And
                 with
                 them
                 was
                 sent
                 Taxiles
                 and
                 other
                 Commanders
                 of
                 those
                 Parts
                 ,
                 to
                 put
                 in
                 execution
                 ,
                 when
                 they
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Indus
                 ,
                 what
                 Alexander
                 had
                 commanded
                 .
              
               
                 Astes
                 ,
                 the
                 Governour
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 Peucelaotis
                 ,
                 offering
                 to
                 revolt
                 ,
                 lost
                 both
                 himself
                 and
                 the
                 City
                 which
                 he
                 put
                 himself
                 into
                 ;
                 for
                 Hephestion
                 came
                 and
                 besieg'd
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 after
                 thirty
                 days
                 time
                 took
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 killing
                 Astes
                 ,
                 made
                 one
                 Sangaeus
                 Governour
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 who
                 a
                 
                 little
                 before
                 forsaking
                 Astes
                 ,
                 had
                 fled
                 over
                 to
                 Taxiles
                 ,
                 which
                 made
                 Alexander
                 the
                 more
                 confide
                 in
                 him
                 ever
                 after
                 .
              
               
                 Alexander
                 with
                 his
                 Band
                 of
                 Silver
                 Targeteers
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Horse
                 of
                 his
                 Fellow
                 Cavallers
                 that
                 went
                 not
                 with
                 Hephestion
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Troop
                 of
                 Horse
                 call'd
                 Asseteri
                 ,
                 together
                 with
                 his
                 Archers
                 ,
                 Agrians
                 ,
                 and
                 Horse-Lancers
                 ,
                 march'd
                 into
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 Aspians
                 and
                 Phyraeans
                 ,
                 and
                 Arosacans
                 ;
                 and
                 going
                 on
                 his
                 way
                 to
                 the
                 River
                 Choes
                 (
                 which
                 was
                 for
                 the
                 most
                 part
                 mountainous
                 and
                 rocky
                 )
                 and
                 having
                 at
                 last
                 past
                 that
                 River
                 ,
                 he
                 commanded
                 Craterus
                 to
                 come
                 after
                 him
                 fair
                 and
                 softly
                 with
                 the
                 Foot
                 ;
                 and
                 himself
                 taking
                 with
                 him
                 the
                 whole
                 Body
                 of
                 his
                 Horse
                 ,
                 and
                 eight
                 hundred
                 Macedonian
                 Foot-Targeteers
                 on
                 Horseback
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 away
                 at
                 a
                 great
                 rate
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 heard
                 that
                 the
                 People
                 of
                 the
                 Country
                 were
                 fled
                 ,
                 some
                 to
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 others
                 to
                 fenced
                 Cities
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 to
                 make
                 head
                 against
                 him
                 .
                 Having
                 set
                 upon
                 the
                 first
                 of
                 these
                 Cities
                 that
                 lay
                 in
                 his
                 way
                 ,
                 those
                 which
                 came
                 forth
                 to
                 oppose
                 him
                 ,
                 he
                 routed
                 at
                 the
                 first
                 Charge
                 ,
                 and
                 drave
                 them
                 back
                 into
                 the
                 Town
                 ,
                 but
                 was
                 himself
                 wounded
                 with
                 a
                 Dart
                 in
                 the
                 Shoulder
                 ,
                 which
                 pierc'd
                 thro'
                 his
                 Breast-plate
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Wound
                 was
                 but
                 slight
                 ,
                 the
                 Breast-plate
                 repelling
                 the
                 force
                 of
                 the
                 Dart.
                 
                   Ptolemy
                   ,
                   Lagus
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Leonatus
                 were
                 likewise
                 wounded
                 .
                 Then
                 Alexander
                 observing
                 what
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 was
                 fittest
                 to
                 pitch
                 upon
                 for
                 an
                 Assault
                 ,
                 encamp'd
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 just
                 against
                 that
                 part
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 early
                 in
                 the
                 morning
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 took
                 the
                 outward
                 Wall
                 with
                 little
                 ado
                 ,
                 for
                 the
                 City
                 was
                 doubly
                 wall'd
                 .
                 At
                 the
                 inner
                 Wall
                 the
                 Inhabitants
                 made
                 some
                 resistance
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 had
                 once
                 scal'd
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Townsmen
                 felt
                 the
                 Arrows
                 showing
                 down
                 about
                 their
                 ears
                 ,
                 not
                 being
                 able
                 longer
                 to
                 endure
                 ,
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 within
                 brake
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Gates
                 ,
                 and
                 ran
                 every
                 Man
                 his
                 way
                 to
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 many
                 of
                 whom
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 kill'd
                 in
                 the
                 pursuit
                 ;
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Prisoners
                 (
                 being
                 in
                 a
                 rage
                 because
                 the
                 King
                 was
                 wounded
                 )
                 they
                 put
                 to
                 the
                 Sword.
                 Many
                 escap'd
                 to
                 the
                 Mountains
                 ,
                 which
                 were
                 not
                 far
                 off
                 from
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Having
                 laid
                 the
                 City
                 level
                 with
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 he
                 march'd
                 away
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 Andaca
                 another
                 City
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 
                   13.
                   
                   Of
                   his
                   Kindness
                   to
                   the
                   City
                   Nysa
                   ,
                   upon
                   the
                   account
                   of
                   his
                   Descent
                   from
                   Bacchus
                   .
                   
                     Arrianus
                     ,
                     lib.
                     IV.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 IN
                 this
                 Region
                 ,
                 into
                 which
                 Alexander
                 entred
                 ,
                 lying
                 between
                 the
                 Rivers
                 Cophone
                 and
                 Indus
                 ,
                 is
                 situated
                 Nysa
                 ,
                 a
                 City
                 built
                 (
                 as
                 is
                 reported
                 )
                 by
                 *
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 when
                 he
                 Commanded
                 in
                 India
                 ;
                 who
                 this
                 Dionysius
                 was
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 ,
                 or
                 from
                 whence
                 he
                 brought
                 in
                 his
                 Armies
                 against
                 the
                 Indians
                 ,
                 I
                 cannot
                 conjecture
                 :
                 Whether
                 it
                 was
                 the
                 T●eban
                 from
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 or
                 he
                 from
                 Tmolus
                 in
                 Lydia
                 ,
                 that
                 led
                 an
                 Army
                 from
                 thence
                 against
                 the
                 Indians
                 .
                 But
                 though
                 he
                 pass'd
                 into
                 so
                 many
                 Warlike
                 Nations
                 ,
                 at
                 that
                 time
                 altogether
                 unknown
                 to
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 yet
                 he
                 subdu'd
                 none
                 of
                 them
                 but
                 the
                 Indians
                 .
                 This
                 only
                 I
                 am
                 satisfied
                 in
                 ,
                 That
                 those
                 Fables
                 that
                 the
                 Ancients
                 have
                 writ
                 concerning
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 are
                 not
                 too
                 curiously
                 to
                 be
                 pry'd
                 into
                 ;
                 for
                 such
                 Writings
                 as
                 do
                 not
                 otherwise
                 deserve
                 much
                 Credit
                 ,
                 yet
                 when
                 they
                 happen
                 to
                 speak
                 of
                 the
                 Gods
                 ,
                 they
                 seem
                 not
                 to
                 be
                 altogether
                 incredible
                 .
              
               
                 As
                 soon
                 as
                 Alexander
                 came
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 Nysa
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 Acuphis
                 ,
                 the
                 Chief
                 Man
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 with
                 thirty
                 others
                 of
                 the
                 Leading
                 Men
                 of
                 the
                 Place
                 ,
                 intreating
                 him
                 to
                 leave
                 the
                 City
                 free
                 to
                 the
                 God
                 Bacchus
                 .
                 When
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 were
                 introduc'd
                 into
                 the
                 King's
                 Pavilion
                 ,
                 and
                 saw
                 him
                 as
                 yet
                 dusty
                 with
                 his
                 March
                 ,
                 clad
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Armour
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Helmet
                 upon
                 his
                 Head
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Lance
                 in
                 his
                 Hand
                 ;
                 amaz'd
                 at
                 the
                 sight
                 of
                 him
                 ,
                 they
                 fell
                 flat
                 upon
                 the
                 Ground
                 ,
                 and
                 were
                 silent
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 together
                 :
                 But
                 after
                 that
                 Alexander
                 had
                 commanded
                 them
                 to
                 rise
                 ,
                 and
                 cheer
                 up
                 ,
                 Acuphis
                 thus
                 began
                 :
                 —
                 The
                 Nysaeans
                 
                   intreat
                   ,
                   O
                   King
                   ,
                   That
                   in
                   reverence
                   to
                
                 Bacchus
                 
                   you
                   would
                   leave
                   the
                   City
                   free
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Inhabitants
                   to
                   Govern
                   by
                   their
                   own
                   Laws
                   :
                   For
                
                 Dionysius
                 ,
                 
                   after
                   he
                   had
                   conquer'd
                   the
                
                 Indians
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   was
                   about
                   to
                   return
                   to
                   the
                
                 Grecian
                 
                   Sea
                   ,
                   built
                   this
                   City
                   for
                   those
                   Soldiers
                   who
                   were
                   unserviceable
                   for
                   War
                   (
                   being
                   of
                
                 Bacchus
                 '
                 
                   s
                   Family
                   )
                   as
                   a
                   perpetual
                   Monument
                   to
                   Posterity
                   of
                   his
                   Expedition
                   and
                   Victory
                   ;
                   as
                   your
                   Majesty
                   has
                   built
                
                 Alexandria
                 
                   at
                   Mount
                
                 Caucasus
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   another
                   in
                
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 
                   and
                   many
                   others
                   ,
                   some
                   finish'd
                   ,
                   and
                   others
                   now
                   in
                   building
                   ,
                   having
                   now
                   perform'd
                   much
                   more
                   than
                   our
                
                 Dionysius
                 
                   did
                   :
                   And
                   he
                   call'd
                   the
                   City
                
                 Nysa
                 ,
                 
                   from
                   his
                   Nurse
                   so
                   nam'd
                   ,
                   and
                   the
                   Country
                
                 Nysaea
                 ;
                 
                   and
                   the
                   Mountain
                   which
                   hangs
                   over
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   he
                   was
                   pleas'd
                   to
                   call
                
                 Meros
                 
                   (
                   which
                   is
                   a
                   Thigh
                   )
                   because
                   according
                   to
                   the
                   Fables
                   he
                   was
                   cherish'd
                   in
                
                 Jupiter
                 '
                 
                   s
                   Thigh
                   .
                   Since
                   that
                   time
                   we
                   have
                   dwelt
                   in
                
                 Nysa
                 
                   as
                   a
                   free
                   City
                   ,
                   and
                   have
                   liv'd
                   at
                   ease
                   under
                   the
                   Use
                   of
                   our
                   own
                   Laws
                   .
                   And
                   that
                   this
                   Place
                   was
                   built
                   by
                
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 
                   this
                   one
                   thing
                   may
                   be
                   a
                   Demonstration
                   ,
                   That
                   Ivy
                   grows
                   no
                   where
                   in
                
                 India
                 
                   but
                   in
                   this
                   City
                
                 .
                 This
                 Speech
                 of
                 Acuphis
                 was
                 very
                 pleasing
                 to
                 Alexander
                 ;
                 for
                 he
                 had
                 a
                 great
                 desire
                 those
                 things
                 should
                 be
                 believ'd
                 that
                 were
                 related
                 
                 concerning
                 
                 Bacchus's
                 Peregrination
                 ,
                 and
                 wou'd
                 have
                 none
                 to
                 doubt
                 but
                 that
                 Nysa
                 was
                 built
                 by
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 because
                 that
                 he
                 himself
                 was
                 now
                 come
                 as
                 far
                 as
                 Bacchus
                 ever
                 came
                 ,
                 and
                 was
                 still
                 desirous
                 to
                 go
                 further
                 than
                 he
                 ever
                 did
                 .
                 And
                 he
                 was
                 of
                 Opinion
                 ,
                 that
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 Emulation
                 to
                 the
                 Acts
                 of
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 wou'd
                 willingly
                 with
                 himself
                 undergo
                 further
                 Toils
                 and
                 Labours
                 .
                 He
                 granted
                 therefore
                 Liberty
                 to
                 the
                 Nysaeans
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 Govern
                 according
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Laws
                 And
                 when
                 he
                 understood
                 what
                 their
                 Laws
                 were
                 ,
                 and
                 how
                 they
                 were
                 under
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 an
                 Aristocracy
                 ,
                 he
                 commended
                 their
                 Constitution
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 'em
                 to
                 furnish
                 him
                 with
                 three
                 hundred
                 Horsemen
                 ,
                 and
                 send
                 him
                 a
                 hundred
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 of
                 the
                 Aristocracy
                 (
                 who
                 were
                 three
                 hundred
                 in
                 all
                 )
                 such
                 as
                 he
                 would
                 chuse
                 .
                 Acuphis
                 was
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Number
                 of
                 them
                 that
                 were
                 pick'd
                 out
                 ,
                 whom
                 the
                 King
                 had
                 made
                 Governour
                 of
                 the
                 whole
                 Province
                 of
                 Nysaea
                 .
                 'T
                 is
                 reported
                 ,
                 that
                 Acuphis
                 smil'd
                 at
                 these
                 Demands
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 Alexander
                 asking
                 him
                 why
                 he
                 laugh'd
                 ,
                 Acuphis
                 answer'd
                 ,
                 
                   How
                   is
                   it
                   possible
                   ,
                   O
                   King
                   ,
                   for
                   the
                   City
                   to
                   be
                   well
                   Govern'd
                   ,
                   when
                   't
                   is
                   stript
                   of
                   an
                   hundred
                   good
                   Men
                   all
                   at
                   once
                   !
                   But
                   if
                   your
                   Majesty
                   have
                   a
                   Kindness
                   for
                   the
                   City
                   ,
                   be
                   pleas'd
                   to
                   accept
                   of
                   three
                   hundred
                   Horsemen
                   (
                   and
                   more
                   if
                   you
                   think
                   fit
                   ;
                   )
                   but
                   as
                   for
                   an
                   hundred
                   of
                   the
                   best
                   Men
                   of
                   the
                   City
                   which
                   you
                   desire
                   ,
                   be
                   pleas'd
                   to
                   be
                   content
                   with
                   two
                   hundred
                   of
                   the
                   worst
                   ,
                   that
                   whensoever
                   you
                   return
                   hither
                   again
                   ,
                   you
                   may
                   find
                   that
                   the
                   City
                   has
                   maintain'd
                   and
                   kept
                   up
                   her
                   ancient
                   State
                   and
                   Grandeur
                   .
                
                 With
                 these
                 Words
                 ,
                 because
                 he
                 judg'd
                 them
                 prudently
                 spoken
                 )
                 Alexander
                 was
                 persuaded
                 ,
                 and
                 commanded
                 only
                 the
                 three
                 hundred
                 Horsemen
                 to
                 be
                 sent
                 him
                 ;
                 and
                 for
                 the
                 three
                 hundred
                 of
                 the
                 Chief
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 ,
                 he
                 neither
                 desir'd
                 them
                 ,
                 nor
                 any
                 others
                 in
                 their
                 stead
                 .
                 But
                 Acuphis
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Nephew
                 by
                 his
                 Sister
                 ,
                 were
                 sent
                 to
                 Alexander
                 .
              
               
                 Afterwards
                 Alexander
                 had
                 a
                 longing
                 desire
                 to
                 see
                 that
                 City
                 ,
                 in
                 which
                 the
                 Nysaeans
                 boast
                 there
                 are
                 some
                 Monuments
                 of
                 Dionysius
                 ;
                 and
                 to
                 go
                 likewise
                 ,
                 accompanied
                 with
                 some
                 Horse
                 of
                 his
                 Friends
                 ,
                 and
                 a
                 Regiment
                 of
                 Foot
                 ,
                 to
                 the
                 Mountain
                 Meros
                 ,
                 that
                 he
                 might
                 see
                 the
                 Hill
                 grown
                 over
                 with
                 Ivy
                 and
                 Laurel
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 shady
                 Groves
                 ,
                 that
                 abounded
                 with
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 .
                 The
                 Ivy
                 was
                 a
                 very
                 pleasant
                 Sight
                 to
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 having
                 not
                 seen
                 any
                 of
                 a
                 long
                 time
                 ;
                 for
                 India
                 bears
                 no
                 Ivy
                 ,
                 neither
                 those
                 Places
                 where
                 Vines
                 grow
                 .
                 Of
                 the
                 Ivy
                 they
                 wore
                 Garlands
                 on
                 their
                 Heads
                 ,
                 singing
                 Praise
                 to
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 with
                 all
                 his
                 Titles
                 and
                 Appellations
                 .
                 Alexander
                 there
                 sacrific'd
                 to
                 Bacchus
                 ,
                 and
                 feasted
                 with
                 his
                 Friends
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 
                   14.
                   
                   How
                   having
                   taken
                   a
                   strong
                   City
                   call'd
                   Massaga
                   ,
                   he
                   put
                   to
                   the
                   Sword
                   all
                   the
                   Mercenary
                   Soldiers
                   that
                   had
                   fought
                   Valiantly
                   .
                   
                     Arrianus
                     ,
                     lib.
                     IV.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 WHen
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 heard
                 of
                 
                 Alexander's
                 coming
                 ,
                 they
                 durst
                 not
                 abide
                 him
                 in
                 a
                 Body
                 ,
                 but
                 brake
                 up
                 their
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 dispers'd
                 themselves
                 every
                 one
                 as
                 they
                 could
                 into
                 several
                 Cities
                 ,
                 purposing
                 there
                 to
                 stand
                 upon
                 their
                 Guard.
                 
              
               
                 Alexander
                 march'd
                 first
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 to
                 *
                 Massaga
                 ,
                 the
                 greatest
                 City
                 of
                 that
                 †
                 Country
                 ;
                 approaching
                 therefore
                 with
                 his
                 Army
                 close
                 to
                 the
                 City
                 ;
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 having
                 got
                 into
                 the
                 Town
                 for
                 their
                 assistance
                 seven
                 thousand
                 Mercenary
                 Indians
                 from
                 the
                 inner
                 parts
                 of
                 India
                 made
                 a
                 fierce
                 Sally
                 upon
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 as
                 they
                 lay
                 Encampt
                 .
                 Alexander
                 perceiving
                 that
                 the
                 Fight
                 was
                 likely
                 to
                 be
                 under
                 the
                 City
                 Walls
                 ,
                 design'd
                 to
                 draw
                 off
                 the
                 Enemy
                 at
                 a
                 further
                 distance
                 ,
                 lest
                 when
                 they
                 fled
                 (
                 which
                 he
                 clearly
                 foresaw
                 they
                 would
                 )
                 they
                 might
                 with
                 ease
                 (
                 being
                 so
                 very
                 near
                 )
                 get
                 into
                 the
                 Town
                 and
                 so
                 escape
                 ,
                 perceiving
                 therefore
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 pouring
                 out
                 upon
                 them
                 ,
                 he
                 forthwith
                 commanded
                 his
                 Macedonians
                 to
                 wheel
                 about
                 and
                 make
                 to
                 a
                 Hill
                 about
                 seven
                 furlongs
                 distant
                 from
                 the
                 River
                 Guraeus
                 ,
                 where
                 he
                 had
                 purpos'd
                 to
                 Encamp
                 .
                 The
                 Enemy
                 hereupon
                 emboldned
                 (
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 seeming
                 to
                 give
                 back
                 )
                 in
                 great
                 confusion
                 and
                 disorder
                 hotly
                 pursu'd
                 them
                 ,
                 But
                 when
                 they
                 were
                 got
                 within
                 the
                 cast
                 of
                 a
                 dart
                 ,
                 upon
                 a
                 sign
                 given
                 by
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 the
                 Phalanx
                 furiously
                 turned
                 upon
                 '
                 em
                 .
                 But
                 first
                 indeed
                 the
                 Horse
                 that
                 were
                 darters
                 ,
                 the
                 Agrians
                 and
                 Archers
                 made
                 an
                 excursion
                 ,
                 and
                 ingag'd
                 with
                 the
                 Barbarians
                 ,
                 But
                 Alexander
                 led
                 the
                 Phalanx
                 (
                 in
                 Battalia
                 )
                 himself
                 .
                 The
                 Indians
                 amaz'd
                 at
                 the
                 sudden
                 and
                 unexpected
                 turn
                 ,
                 when
                 it
                 came
                 to
                 the
                 Swords
                 point
                 fled
                 back
                 into
                 the
                 City
                 .
                 Two
                 hundred
                 of
                 'em
                 were
                 kill'd
                 in
                 the
                 pursuit
                 ,
                 but
                 the
                 rest
                 got
                 within
                 the
                 Walls
                 .
              
               
                 Alexander
                 presently
                 drew
                 up
                 his
                 main
                 Battel
                 of
                 Macedons
                 before
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 and
                 from
                 thence
                 was
                 slightly
                 wounded
                 by
                 an
                 Arrow
                 struck
                 into
                 his
                 Heel
                 .
                 The
                 next
                 day
                 the
                 Engines
                 
                 being
                 brought
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 part
                 of
                 'em
                 were
                 easily
                 batterr'd
                 down
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 (
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 endeavouring
                 to
                 force
                 their
                 way
                 through
                 the
                 Ruins
                 )
                 the
                 Indians
                 stoutly
                 
                 withstood
                 them
                 ,
                 so
                 far
                 as
                 that
                 Alexander
                 for
                 that
                 day
                 sounded
                 a
                 retreat
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 off
                 his
                 Men.
                 But
                 the
                 next
                 day
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 renew'd
                 the
                 Assault
                 with
                 greater
                 vigour
                 ,
                 bringing
                 up
                 a
                 wooden
                 Tower
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 out
                 of
                 which
                 the
                 Archers
                 powring
                 showers
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 grievously
                 gall'd
                 the
                 Indians
                 .
                 But
                 yet
                 with
                 all
                 these
                 devices
                 they
                 were
                 not
                 able
                 to
                 enter
                 .
                 The
                 Third
                 day
                 the
                 main
                 Body
                 of
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 being
                 again
                 led
                 up
                 to
                 the
                 Walls
                 ,
                 a
                 Bridge
                 was
                 cast
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 Wooden
                 Tower
                 over
                 that
                 part
                 of
                 the
                 Wall
                 that
                 was
                 broken
                 down
                 ,
                 upon
                 which
                 Bridge
                 the
                 King
                 order'd
                 the
                 Agyraspides
                 who
                 had
                 before
                 taken
                 Tyre
                 after
                 the
                 same
                 manner
                 ;
                 but
                 when
                 with
                 great
                 Courage
                 and
                 Resolution
                 they
                 had
                 got
                 upon
                 it
                 with
                 too
                 much
                 Weight
                 ,
                 it
                 yielded
                 and
                 broke
                 ,
                 and
                 it
                 and
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 tumbled
                 down
                 together
                 .
                 The
                 Barbarians
                 rejoycing
                 at
                 the
                 Accident
                 ,
                 set
                 up
                 a
                 great
                 shout
                 ,
                 and
                 ply'd
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 with
                 Stones
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 sorts
                 of
                 Darts
                 and
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 or
                 whatever
                 was
                 at
                 hand
                 ,
                 or
                 they
                 could
                 come
                 at
                 ;
                 and
                 others
                 issuing
                 out
                 through
                 narrow
                 Sally-ports
                 that
                 were
                 placed
                 between
                 the
                 Turrets
                 ,
                 knock'd
                 them
                 in
                 that
                 Disorder
                 and
                 Confusion
                 on
                 the
                 head
                 .
                 Alexander
                 sent
                 Alcetas
                 with
                 a
                 Party
                 to
                 take
                 care
                 of
                 the
                 wounded
                 Men
                 ,
                 and
                 to
                 call
                 the
                 Besiegers
                 off
                 into
                 the
                 Camp.
                 The
                 4th
                 day
                 he
                 cast
                 another
                 Bridge
                 with
                 other
                 Devices
                 upon
                 the
                 Walls
                 ;
                 but
                 the
                 Indians
                 (
                 as
                 long
                 as
                 the
                 Governor
                 of
                 the
                 place
                 was
                 alive
                 )
                 valiantly
                 repuls'd
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 :
                 But
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 kill'd
                 by
                 a
                 Dart
                 from
                 the
                 Engines
                 ,
                 and
                 many
                 of
                 their
                 Men
                 lost
                 by
                 continual
                 Assaults
                 ,
                 and
                 others
                 wounded
                 and
                 become
                 thereby
                 unserviceable
                 ,
                 they
                 sent
                 to
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 who
                 was
                 very
                 ready
                 and
                 willing
                 to
                 spare
                 such
                 stout
                 and
                 valiant
                 Men.
                 He
                 agreed
                 therefore
                 with
                 the
                 mercenary
                 Indians
                 ,
                 that
                 they
                 should
                 take
                 up
                 Arms
                 with
                 him
                 ,
                 and
                 join
                 themselves
                 to
                 his
                 Army
                 .
                 Hereupon
                 they
                 march'd
                 out
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 by
                 themselves
                 ,
                 and
                 encamp'd
                 upon
                 an
                 Hill
                 opposite
                 to
                 the
                 Macedonians
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 design
                 to
                 fly
                 away
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 to
                 their
                 own
                 Country
                 ,
                 because
                 they
                 wou'd
                 not
                 fight
                 against
                 the
                 other
                 Indians
                 .
                 When
                 Alexander
                 was
                 inform'd
                 hereof
                 ,
                 the
                 same
                 night
                 he
                 surrounded
                 the
                 Hill
                 with
                 his
                 Forces
                 ,
                 and
                 put
                 'em
                 every
                 one
                 to
                 the
                 Sword
                 ,
                 and
                 took
                 the
                 City
                 (
                 now
                 without
                 these
                 that
                 should
                 defend
                 it
                 )
                 by
                 storm
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 it
                 the
                 Mother
                 and
                 Daughter
                 of
                 Assacenus
                 .
                 On
                 
                 Alexander's
                 side
                 there
                 were
                 only
                 five
                 and
                 twenty
                 kill'd
                 during
                 the
                 whole
                 Siege
                 .
              
            
             
               FINIS
               .
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
           
           
           
             A
             TABLE
             OF
             The
             Principal
             Matters
             In
             the
             First
             Five
             BOOKS
             of
             
               Diodorus
               the
               Sicilian
            
             :
             Containing
             his
             MYTHOLOGIES
             .
          
           
             Note
             :
             The
             First
             Figures
             of
             this
             Table
             refer
             to
             the
             Pages
             of
             this
             Book
             ;
             and
             the
             Last
             Figures
             with
             r.
             before
             them
             ,
             refer
             to
             the
             Pages
             of
             
             Rhodomannus's
             Edition
             plac'd
             in
             the
             Margin
             of
             this
             Book
             .
          
           
             
               A.
               
            
             
               ACteon
               ;
               Torn
               in
               pieces
               by
               Dogs
               ,
               and
               Occasion
               ,
               Page
               171
               r.
               195
            
             
               Adoption
               ;
               the
               Rites
               of
               it
               among
               the
               Barbarians
               ,
               147
               r.
               170
            
             
               Adulteresses
               ;
               an
               innumerable
               Company
               burnt
               in
               Egypt
               ,
               31
               r.
               30
            
             
               Aeacus
               ;
               His
               Genealogy
               ,
               166
               r.
               183
            
             
               Aegestines
               ;
               Their
               War
               with
               the
               Selinuntines
               ,
               297
               r.
               103
            
             
               Aegypt
               ;
               Its
               Shape
               ,
               Greatness
               ,
               &c.
               14
               r.
               19
            
             
               —
               All
               living
               Creatures
               first
               there
               ,
               3
               r.
               3
            
             
               —
               One
               Sea
               ,
               86
               r.
               101
            
             
               —
               Other
               Matters
               of
               Aegypt
               ,
               12
               ,
               13
               ,
               22
               ,
               36
               ,
               40
               ,
               41
               ,
               &c.
               r.
               17
               ,
               42
               ,
               43
               ,
               51
               ,
               61
            
             
               —
               Divided
               into
               three
               Parts
               ;
               for
               the
               Priests
               ,
               Kings
               ,
               and
               Soldiers
               ,
               38
               r.
               46
            
             
               —
               Three
               other
               Classes
               ,
               39
               r.
               47
            
             
               —
               Their
               Gods
               most
               ancient
               ,
               3
               r.
               7
            
             
               —
               Many
               Colonies
               from
               hence
               ;
               as
               
                 Babylonians
                 ,
                 Argives
                 ,
                 Colchians
                 ,
                 Jews
                 ,
              
               and
               Athenians
               ,
               13
               r.
               17
            
             
               —
               The
               Number
               of
               their
               Judges
               and
               Salaries
               ,
               39
               r.
               48
            
             
               —
               Their
               Kings
               ,
               
                 &c.
                 p.
              
               36
               r.
               43
               ,
               45
               ,
               46.
               
            
             
               —
               Their
               Burials
               ,
               38
               r.
               57
               ,
               58
            
             
               Aeolus
               ,
               164
               r.
               188
            
             
               —
               The
               Entertainer
               of
               Ulysses
               ,
               179
               r.
               202
            
             
               Aequinoctial
               ;
               Under
               the
               Aequinox
               ,
               the
               most
               temperate
               Air
               ,
               and
               the
               State
               of
               the
               Days
               and
               Shadows
               ,
               82
               r.
               97
            
             
               Air
               ;
               Airy
               Bodies
               seen
               in
               some
               Parts
               of
               Africa
               ,
               109
               r.
               128
            
             
               Aesculapius
               ;
               His
               Original
               ,
               166
               r.
               189
            
             
               —
               Accus'd
               by
               
                 Pluto
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               r.
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Age
               ;
               An
               Age
               accounted
               30
               Years
               with
               the
               Grecians
               ,
               81
               r.
               96
            
             
               Aethiopians
               ;
               Boast
               they
               were
               the
               first
               Men
               ;
               p.
               85
               r.
               100
            
             
               —
               Religious
               ,
               86
               r.
               ibid
            
             
               Aetna
               ;
               Vomits
               Fire
               ,
               138.
               r.
               159
            
             
               Africa
               ;
               Where
               Till'd
               ,
               and
               where
               Desert
               ,
               p.
               108
               r.
               138
            
             
               —
               Freed
               from
               wild
               Beasts
               by
               
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 p.
              
               136
               r.
               157
            
             
               —
               The
               nature
               of
               the
               Fruits
               of
               the
               African
               Palm-Tree
               ,
               81
               r.
               95
            
             
               Alexandria
               ;
               Built
               by
               Alexander
               the
               Great
               ;
               p.
               26
               r.
               32
               ,
               33
            
             
               
               Amalthea
               ;
               Amalthea's
               Horn
               in
               
                 Africa
                 ,
                 p.
              
               145
               r.
               141
            
             
               —
               In
               Aetolia
               ,
               what
               ?
               120
               r.
               168
            
             
               Amazons
               of
               Africa
               ,
               110
               r.
               129
            
             
               —
               Their
               Seats
               ,
               Arms
               ,
               &c.
               111
               ,
               112
               r.
               130
            
             
               The
               
                 Scythian
                 Amazons
              
               ,
               76
               r.
               90
            
             
               —
               Their
               Wars
               with
               
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 p.
              
               77
               ,
               135
               r.
               91
               ,
               156
            
             
               —
               Their
               Irruption
               into
               Attica
               ,
               and
               Overthrow
               by
               Theseus
               ,
               141
               r.
               163
            
             
               Ammon
               King
               of
               Lybia
               ,
               the
               Husband
               of
               Rhea
               ,
               120
               r.
               141
            
             
               —
               Overcome
               by
               Saturn
               ,
               122
               r.
               142
            
             
               Amphiraus
               ,
               General
               of
               the
               Argives
               at
               Thebes
               ;
               a
               Conjurer
               Betray'd
               by
               his
               Wife
               ,
               and
               Reveng'd
               by
               his
               Son
               ,
               163
               r.
               186
               ,
               188
            
             
               Apis
               Consecrated
               to
               Osiris
               ,
               9
               r.
               13
            
             
               —
               It
               s
               Worship
               ,
               44
               ,
               45
               r.
               54
               ,
               55
            
             
               Apollo
               ;
               the
               Son
               of
               Jupiter
               ,
               r.
               9
            
             
               —
               Found
               out
               the
               Laurel
               ,
               7
               r.
               10
            
             
               —
               His
               several
               Names
               ,
               211
               r.
               237
            
             
               —
               His
               good
               Acts
               ,
               209
               r.
               255
            
             
               —
               His
               Contest
               with
               Marsyas
               ,
               and
               his
               Cruelty
               towards
               him
               ,
               114
               ,
               115
               r.
               134
            
             
               Apries
               ;
               King
               of
               Aegypt
               ,
               35
               r.
               42
            
             
               —
               Strangl'd
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Aquaduct
               ;
               a
               Stately
               Aquaduct
               made
               by
               Semiramis
               at
               Ecbatana
               ,
               58
               32
            
             
               Arabia
               ;
               its
               Description
               ,
               Situation
               ,
               People
               ,
               
                 &c.
                 p.
              
               78
               r.
               29
               ,
               92
            
             
               —
               The
               Happy
               ;
               its
               Fruitfulness
               ,
               Spices
               ,
               
                 &c.
                 p.
              
               79
               r.
               93
            
             
               —
               The
               Tree
               as
               Cedar
               ,
               Juniper
               ,
               
                 &c.
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               —
               Gold
               pure
               ,
               Cattle
               ,
               Wild
               Beasts
               ,
               Precious
               Stones
               ,
               80
               r.
               94
            
             
               —
               A
               description
               of
               both
               Shoars
               in
               the
               
                 Red-Sea
                 ,
                 102
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               r.
               120
               ,
               122
               ,
               124
            
             
               Arbaces
               the
               Mede
               ,
               his
               Conspiracy
               against
               Sardanapalus
               ,
               66
               ,
               67
               r.
               78
               ,
               80
            
             
               Argives
               ;
               their
               War
               with
               the
               Thebans
               ,
               163
               r.
               186
            
             
               —
               The
               Destruction
               of
               the
               Seven
               Captains
               at
               
                 Thebes
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               Argonauts
               ;
               the
               Expedition
               of
               the
               
                 Argonauts
                 ,
                 148
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               r.
               178
               ,
               181
               ,
               160
            
             
               —
               Explanation
               of
               the
               Fable
               ,
               151
               r.
               174
            
             
               
                 Ariadna
                 ;
                 Ariadna's
              
               Crown
               in
               the
               Heavens
               ,
               160
               r.
               184
            
             
               Arts
               ;
               one
               Man
               using
               several
               Trades
               not
               allow'd
               in
               Aegypt
               ,
               39
               r.
               46
            
             
               Asphaltes
               ;
               the
               Lake
               Asphaltes
               ,
               and
               its
               Brimstone
               or
               Pitch
               ,
               78
               r.
               92
            
             
               Assyrians
               ;
               their
               Kings
               do
               not
               suffer
               Themselves
               to
               be
               openly
               seen
               ,
               64
               r.
               76
            
             
               —
               They
               sent
               Aid
               to
               the
               Trojans
               under
               Memnon
               ,
               65
               r.
               77
            
             
               Astrology
               ;
               the
               Aegyptians
               excellent
               Astrologers
               ,
               26
               ,
               36
               r.
               32
               ,
               44
            
             
               —
               So
               the
               Caldeans
               ,
               70
               r.
               83
            
             
               
                 —
                 Atlas
                 ,
                 Hercules
              
               ,
               141
               r.
               163
            
             
               
                 —
                 Hyperion
              
               ,
               141
               r.
               131
            
             
               —
               The
               Heliadae
               in
               Rhodes
               ,
               200
               r.
               227
            
             
               Astyages
               ;
               the
               last
               King
               of
               the
               Medes
               ;
               overcome
               by
               Cyrus
               ,
               72
               r.
               85
            
             
               Atalanta
               ;
               Belov'd
               by
               Meleager
               ,
               Intrapt
               by
               the
               Thestiadae
               ,
               145
               r.
               167
            
             
               Athens
               ;
               how
               their
               Common-wealth
               was
               divided
               ,
               13
               r.
               17
            
             
               Atlantides
               ;
               their
               Country
               in
               Affrica
               ,
               115
               r.
               137
            
             
               —
               The
               Names
               of
               the
               Atlantides
               and
               their
               Offspring
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Atlas
               ;
               his
               Kingdom
               ,
               and
               chief
               Study
               ,
               115
               r.
               125
            
             
               —
               Why
               he
               's
               said
               to
               Carry
               the
               Heavens
               upon
               his
               Shoulders
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Avernus
               ;
               a
               Description
               of
               the
               Lake
               Avernus
               ,
               138
               r.
               159
            
             
               Amber
               ;
               where
               it
               is
               produc'd
               ,
               185
               ,
               186
               r.
               209
            
          
           
             
               B.
               
            
             
               Babylon
               ;
               built
               by
               Semiramis
               ,
               57
               r.
               80
            
             
               —
               Its
               Walls
               ,
               Towers
               ,
               Lake
               ,
               Passage
               under
               Water
               ,
               Hanging
               Gardens
               ,
               57
               r.
               69
            
             
               Bacchus
               ;
               how
               many
               there
               were
               ,
               116
               to
               119
               r.
               137
               ,
               148
            
             
               —
               His
               Acts
               ,
               120
               to
               122
               r.
               
                 ibid.
                 141
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               
            
             
               —
               The
               Indian
               Bacchus
               the
               most
               Ancient
               ,
               126
               ,
               127
               r.
               147
            
             
               —
               Why
               he
               was
               of
               a
               double
               Shape
               ,
               129
               r.
               149
            
             
               —
               The
               natural
               meaning
               of
               Bacchus
               ,
               117
               r.
               147
            
             
               Bactra
               ;
               55
               ,
               56
               r.
               66
            
             
               —
               Besieg'd
               by
               Ninus
               ,
               57
               r.
               67
            
             
               Baleares
               ;
               a
               Description
               of
               the
               Baliary
               Islands
               ,
               183
               r.
               206
            
             
               Balm
               ;
               the
               Place
               and
               Usefulness
               ,
               79
               r.
               93
            
             
               Bards
               ;
               Ancient
               Poets
               among
               the
               Gauls
               ,
               189
               r.
               213
            
             
               Belus
               ;
               his
               Temple
               ,
               58
               r.
               69
            
             
               —
               His
               Statue
               ,
               ibid.
               r.
               70
            
             
               Beasts
               ;
               Worshipp'd
               in
               Aegypt
               ,
               43
               ,
               44
               r.
               52
               ,
               54
            
             
               Brimstone
               ;
               how
               it
               Rises
               up
               in
               the
               Lake
               Asphaltes
               ,
               79
               r.
               93
            
             
               —
               The
               Plenty
               of
               it
               about
               Babylon
               ,
               59
               r.
               73
            
             
               Britain
               ;
               The
               Discription
               of
               the
               Island
               ,
               185
               r.
               203
            
             
               —
               Their
               Laws
               ,
               Manners
               ,
               &c
               185
               r.
               209
            
             
               —
               Their
               Traffick
               with
               Tin
               there
               ,
               r.
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               The
               Island
               Discover'd
               by
               
                 Julius
                 Caesar
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               r.
               120
            
             
               Busiris
               ;
               the
               Ground
               of
               the
               Story
               of
               his
               killing
               all
               Passengers
               that
               landed
               in
               Egypt
               .
               46
               r.
               55
            
             
               Burials
               ;
               the
               manner
               of
               Embalming
               in
               Egypt
               47
               r.
               57
            
             
               Bull
               ;
               a
               dreadfull
               wild
               Bull
               ,
               100
               r.
               117
            
             
               —
               The
               Marathonian
               Bull
               ,
               159
               r.
               182
            
          
           
             
               C.
               
            
             
               Cadmus
               ;
               Built
               Thebes
               ,
               his
               Wife
               ,
               Children
               ,
               &c.
               127
               ,
               197
               r.
               147
               ,
               223
            
             
               —
               Was
               the
               First
               that
               taught
               the
               Greeks
               
               Letters
               ,
               and
               brought
               them
               into
               Greece
               ,
               201
               ,
               120
               r.
               140
               ,
               227
            
             
               Cadusians
               ;
               their
               perpetual
               War
               with
               the
               Medes
               ,
               71
               r.
               84
            
             
               
                 Caesar
                 ;
                 Julius
                 Caesar
              
               first
               Discover'd
               the
               Northen
               Parts
               to
               the
               Romans
               ,
               185
               r.
               120
            
             
               —
               Conquer'd
               
                 Britain
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               Calydonia
               ;
               the
               Calydonian
               Boar
               ,
               the
               Hunting
               of
               him
               ,
               145
               r.
               167
            
             
               Camels
               ;
               Wild
               Camels
               ,
               105
               r.
               123
            
             
               Camels
               ;
               Leopards
               of
               Arabia
               ,
               their
               Shape
               ,
               80
               r.
               94
            
             
               Campes
               ;
               the
               Great
               Monster
               ,
               kill'd
               by
               Bacchus
               ,
               122
               r.
               143
            
             
               Carbuncles
               ;
               where
               they
               are
               Found
               ,
               111
               r.
               120
            
             
               Cat
               ;
               Worship'd
               in
               Egypt
               ,
               47
               r.
               53
            
             
               Chastity
               ;
               a
               Trial
               of
               Conjugal
               Chastity
               ,
               31
               r.
               38
            
             
               Celtiberians
               ;
               their
               Description
               ,
               Customs
               ,
               &c.
               190
               r.
               214
            
             
               Centaurs
               ;
               their
               Original
               ,
               165
               r.
               189
            
             
               —
               Their
               Conflict
               with
               Hercules
               ,
               133
               r.
               153
            
             
               —
               And
               War
               with
               the
               Lapithae
               ,
               165
               r.
               189
            
             
               
                 —
                 Eurytion
              
               the
               Centaur
               kill'd
               by
               Hercules
               ,
               144
               r.
               166
            
             
               Cerberus
               ;
               Drawn
               out
               of
               Hell
               by
               Hercules
               ,
               139
               ,
               140
               c.
               161
            
             
               Ceres
               ;
               is
               the
               Earth
               ,
               5
               ,
               117
               r.
               8
               ,
               137
            
             
               —
               The
               same
               with
               Isis
               ,
               as
               the
               Egyptians
               say
               ,
               206
               r.
               230
            
             
               —
               Her
               Acts
               ,
               177
               r.
               200
            
             
               —
               Obscene
               Speech
               in
               her
               Feasts
               ,
               ibid.
               r.
               101
            
             
               Chaldeans
               ;
               their
               Astrology
               ,
               Augurs
               ,
               69
               ,
               70
               r.
               51
               ,
               82
               ,
               83
            
             
               —
               Their
               Priests
               ,
               66
               r.
               78
            
             
               Chemmis
               King
               of
               Egypt
               ,
               his
               Pyramid
               ,
               32
               r.
               39
            
             
               Chius
               ;
               the
               Ancient
               Inhabitants
               of
               Chius
               ,
               r.
               238
               ,
               239
            
             
               Circes
               ;
               her
               History
               ,
               150
               r.
               173
            
             
               Circumcision
               ;
               the
               Troglodites
               Cicumcis'd
               ,
               98
               r.
               115
            
             
               Caelus
               King
               of
               the
               Atlantides
               ,
               his
               Sons
               ,
               113
               ,
               115
               r.
               133
               ,
               135
            
             
               Corsica
               ;
               its
               Situation
               ,
               Cities
               ,
               ancient
               Inhabitants
               ,
               &c.
               181
               r.
               205
            
             
               —
               Bitter
               Honey
               ,
               182
               r.
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Corybantes
               ;
               the
               Sons
               of
               the
               Mother
               of
               the
               Gods
               ,
               170
               r.
               194
            
             
               —
               Their
               Sacreds
               ,
               198
               r.
               223
            
             
               Crete
               ;
               the
               Antiquities
               ,
               116
               ,
               122
               ,
               135
               ,
               204
               ,
               211
               r.
               136
               ,
               142
               ,
               230
               ,
               157
               ,
               238
            
             
               —
               It
               s
               Name
               ,
               whence
               ,
               122
               ,
               r.
               142
            
             
               Crocodile
               ;
               its
               Description
               ,
               16
               r.
               24
            
             
               —
               The
               Hunting
               of
               it
               ,
               16
               ,
               17
               r.
               23
            
             
               Crueltty
               of
               Hecates
               ,
               151
               ,
               152
               r.
               173
               ,
               151
            
             
               Cyaxares
               ;
               the
               first
               Monarch
               of
               the
               Medes
               ,
               71
               r.
               84
            
             
               Cybele
               ;
               her
               Name
               ,
               whence
               ,
               114
               r.
               134
            
             
               —
               The
               several
               Stories
               of
               the
               Atlantides
               and
               Phrygians
               concerning
               her
               ,
               114
               ,
               115
               r.
               133
               ,
               134
            
             
               Cyrus
               transferr'd
               the
               Empire
               from
               the
               Medes
               ,
               to
               the
               Persians
               ,
               72
               r.
               85
            
             
               —
               Crucified
               by
               the
               Scythian
               Queen
               ,
               76
               r.
               90
            
          
           
             
               D.
               
            
             
               
                 Dactyli
                 Judaei
              
               ,
               204
               r.
               230
            
             
               Daedalus
               ;
               his
               Monument
               in
               Egypt
               ,
               170
               r.
               61
            
             
               —
               His
               Statues
               ,
               168
               r.
               192
            
             
               —
               His
               Works
               in
               Crete
               ,
               159
               r.
               183
            
             
               —
               In
               Sicily
               ,
               r.
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               His
               Wings
               ,
               r.
               ibid.
               182
            
             
               —
               In
               Sardinia
               ,
               170
               r.
               194
            
             
               Daphne
               the
               Daughter
               of
               Tiresias
               ,
               her
               Oracles
               ,
               164
               r.
               187
            
             
               —
               Her
               History
               ,
               173
               r.
               179
            
             
               Delphos
               ;
               the
               Temple
               Rifl'd
               by
               the
               Gauls
               ,
               189
               r.
               214
            
             
               Derceto
               ;
               the
               Syrian
               Goddess
               ,
               the
               Mother
               of
               Semiramis
               ,
               55
               r.
               95
            
             
               Description
               of
               pleasant
               Places
               ,
               121
               ,
               173
               ,
               176
               ,
               194
               ,
               195
               r.
               141
               ,
               197
               ,
               199
               ,
               220
            
             
               Diana
               ;
               why
               the
               Nurse
               of
               Children
               ,
               208
               r.
               234
               ,
               235
            
             
               —
               What
               Places
               Dedicated
               to
               Her
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               117
               r.
               200
            
             
               Deluge
               ;
               by
               the
               Eruption
               of
               the
               Pontick
               Sea
               ,
               197
               r.
               223
            
             
               —
               In
               Boetia
               ,
               136
               r.
               158
            
             
               
                 —
                 Rhodes
              
               ,
               200
               r.
               220
            
             
               —
               In
               Samo-Thracia
               ,
               197
               r.
               223
            
             
               
                 —
                 Deucalion
              
               ,
               3
               r.
               7
            
             
               Diomedon
               ;
               his
               Mares
               devour
               Men
               ,
               135
               r.
               155
            
             
               Dogs
               ;
               Men
               with
               Dogs
               Heads
               ,
               100
               r.
               117
            
             
               —
               Why
               Worshipp'd
               in
               Egypt
               ,
               7
               r.
               11
            
             
               Doreans
               ;
               their
               War
               with
               the
               Lapithae
               ,
               146
               r.
               169
            
             
               —
               Expuls'd
               by
               the
               Theban
               Exiles
               ,
               164
               r.
               187
            
             
               Dragon
               at
               Cholchos
               ,
               what
               ,
               r.
               162
            
             
               Druids
               ;
               Poets
               of
               the
               Gauls
               ,
               Philosophers
               ,
               and
               Divines
               ,
               189
               r.
               213
            
             
               Dromenaries
               ,
               106
               r.
               125
            
          
           
             
               E.
               
            
             
               Ecbatana
               ;
               a
               Famous
               Aquaduct
               there
               ,
               and
               the
               City
               Beautified
               by
               Semiramis
               ,
               60
               r.
               72
            
             
               —
               The
               Palace
               of
               Arbaces
               ,
               68
               r.
               81
            
             
               Effeminacy
               ;
               a
               Remarkable
               Example
               of
               Effeminacy
               in
               Sardanapalus
               ,
               65
               r.
               78
            
             
               Elephants
               ;
               the
               manner
               of
               Hunting
               them
               by
               the
               Ethiopians
               ,
               96
               r.
               112
            
             
               —
               How
               they
               are
               destroy'd
               by
               Serpents
               ,
               89
               r.
               104
            
             
               —
               Their
               Fight
               with
               the
               Rhinoceros
               ,
               99
               r.
               117
            
             
               —
               Their
               manner
               of
               Generation
               ,
               bringing
               forth
               their
               Young
               ,
               &c.
               75
               r.
               89
            
             
               Epitaphs
               of
               Isis
               ,
               r.
               16
            
             
               —
               Of
               Osiris
               of
               Osimanduas
               ,
               12
               r.
               31
            
             
               
               Ergamenes
               ;
               King
               of
               Ethiopia
               ,
               abolish'd
               the
               cruel
               Custom
               of
               forcing
               the
               Kings
               to
               kill
               Themselves
               ,
               87
               r.
               102
            
             
               Erycina
               ;
               the
               Temple
               of
               
                 Venus
                 Erycina
              
               ,
               172
               r.
               196
            
             
               Eteocles
               ;
               his
               cruel
               War
               with
               his
               Brother
               about
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Thebes
               ,
               162
               r.
               186
            
             
               Euphrates
               ;
               a
               Famous
               River
               ,
               67
               r.
               70
            
             
               Eurydices
               ;
               the
               Wife
               of
               Orpheus
               ,
               brought
               back
               out
               of
               Hell
               by
               Orpheus
               ,
               140
               r.
               162
            
             
               Eurystheus
               ;
               imposes
               Labours
               upon
               Hercules
               ,
               132
               r.
               153
            
             
               —
               His
               Death
               ,
               158
               r.
               181
            
             
               Expiation
               ;
               the
               strange
               manner
               of
               Expiation
               among
               the
               Ethiopians
               ,
               81
               r.
               96
            
          
           
             
               F.
               
            
             
               Famine
               all
               the
               World
               over
               ,
               but
               in
               Egypt
               ,
               13
               r.
               17
            
             
               Fire
               ;
               its
               Irruption
               ,
               138
               ,
               179
               r.
               159
               ,
               202
            
             
               Fortunate
               Islands
               of
               Arabia
               ,
               108
               r.
               127
            
             
               —
               In
               the
               Atlantick
               Ocean
               ,
               183
               r.
               207
            
             
               Fruits
               ;
               Two
               Harvests
               in
               the
               Year
               in
               India
               ,
               72
               r.
               85
            
             
               —
               The
               Fruitfulness
               of
               Taprobane
               .
               Corn
               first
               found
               out
               by
               Ceres
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               176
               ,
               177
               ,
               206
               r.
               199
               ,
               200
               ,
               232
            
             
               Funerals
               ;
               the
               Funeral
               Rites
               among
               the
               Egyptians
               ,
               38
               r.
               57
            
             
               —
               The
               Pompous
               Burials
               of
               their
               Kings
               ,
               30
               r.
               46
            
          
           
             
               G.
               
            
             
               Ganges
               ,
               a
               famous
               River
               ,
               73
            
             
               Gades
               or
               Cadiz
               ,
               by
               whom
               built
               ,
               184
               r.
               208
            
             
               Gauls
               ;
               186
               r.
               210
            
             
               —
               The
               Extream
               Cold
               ,
               their
               Rivers
               ,
               
                 &c.
                 ibid.
              
               r.
               214
            
             
               —
               The
               Description
               ,
               187
               ,
               188
               ,
               189
               r.
               211
               to
               214
            
             
               Geometry
               ;
               first
               found
               out
               in
               Egypt
               ,
               36
               r.
               44
            
             
               —
               The
               Usefulness
               of
               it
               ,
               42
               r.
               51
            
             
               
                 Giants
                 ;
                 Egyptian
              
               Giants
               ,
               10
               ,
               11
               r.
               16
            
             
               —
               Their
               Triple
               War
               with
               Jupiter
               ,
               207
               r.
               234
            
             
               —
               Overcome
               by
               the
               Gods
               ,
               121
               r.
               142
            
             
               Giants
               of
               Phlegraea
               ,
               overcome
               by
               Hercules
               ,
               138
               r.
               159
            
             
               —
               Why
               said
               to
               be
               Born
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               r.
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Gods
               ;
               the
               History
               of
               the
               Gods
               of
               Egypt
               ,
               23
               ,
               50
               r.
               61
            
             
               —
               Their
               Worship
               by
               the
               
                 Cretians
                 ,
                 Ethiopians
              
               ,
               210
               ,
               86
               100
               ,
               237
            
             
               —
               The
               God
               Jao
               of
               the
               Hebrews
               ,
               49
               r.
               59
            
             
               Gold
               ;
               the
               Laborious
               way
               of
               making
               of
               Gold
               ,
               in
               the
               Confines
               of
               Egypt
               ,
               89
               ,
               90
               r.
               105
               ,
               106
            
             
               —
               The
               Gold
               Mines
               in
               
                 Ethiopia
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               —
               Gold
               chang'd
               for
               Brass
               or
               Iron
               ,
               106
               r.
               125
            
             
               —
               The
               History
               of
               the
               Golden
               Fleece
               ,
               157
               r.
               174
            
             
               —
               A
               River
               that
               flows
               down
               Gold
               ,
               r.
               
            
          
           
             
               H.
               
            
             
               Hecates
               ;
               her
               History
               ,
               151
               r.
               173
            
             
               Helen
               ;
               carry'd
               away
               by
               Theseus
               ,
               162
               r.
               185
            
             
               Heliopolis
               ;
               by
               whom
               built
               ,
               50
               r.
               29
            
             
               Helius
               ;
               the
               Son
               of
               Hypericon
               and
               Bazilia
               ,
               metamorphos'd
               into
               the
               Sun
               ,
               113
               ,
               114
               r.
               133
            
             
               Hellespont
               ;
               whence
               the
               Name
               deriv'd
               ,
               151
               r.
               174
            
             
               Heraclidae
               ;
               Banish'd
               out
               of
               all
               Greece
               ,
               158
               r.
               181
            
             
               —
               Depart
               out
               of
               Peloponnesus
               for
               50
               Years
               ,
               by
               Agreement
               ,
               158
               r.
               182
            
             
               Hercules
               ;
               there
               were
               three
               ,
               124
               r.
               145
            
             
               —
               The
               
                 Egyptian
                 ,
                 Gelai
              
               ,
               and
               him
               of
               
                 Alcmena
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               —
               The
               Acts
               of
               Hercules
               the
               Cretan
               ,
               210
               r.
               236
            
             
               —
               The
               Genealogy
               of
               the
               last
               ,
               his
               Acts
               ,
               131
               r.
               152
            
             
               —
               His
               Sickness
               and
               Madness
               ,
               156
               r.
               154
            
             
               —
               His
               further
               Acts
               ,
               r.
               156
               ,
               163
            
             
               —
               His
               Labours
               ,
               132
               ,
               &c.
               r.
               153
            
             
               —
               His
               Expedition
               into
               Spain
               ,
               153
               r.
               156
            
             
               —
               The
               Institutor
               of
               the
               Olympick
               Games
               ,
               134
               r.
               155
            
             
               —
               Is
               worship'd
               by
               the
               Agyrineans
               ,
               139
            
             
               —
               Overcomes
               the
               Trojans
               ,
               152
               r.
               176
            
             
               —
               His
               Sickness
               ,
               r.
               169
            
             
               —
               He
               burns
               himself
               ,
               147
               r.
               176
            
             
               Hermophrodites
               ;
               their
               prodigious
               Originals
               ,
               129
               r.
               150
            
             
               Hermes
               ;
               the
               
                 Egyptian
                 Hermes
              
               ,
               6
               r.
               10
            
             
               —
               His
               Inventions
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               First
               finder
               out
               of
               Arts
               ,
               23
               r.
               28
            
             
               Herodotus
               ;
               the
               time
               he
               Flourish'd
               ,
               71
               r.
               83
            
             
               Hesion
               ;
               expos'd
               to
               be
               devour'd
               by
               a
               Whale
               ,
               149
               r.
               171
            
             
               —
               Deliver'd
               by
               
                 Hercules
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               Hesperides
               ;
               divers
               Opinions
               of
               the
               Hesperian
               Apples
               ,
               141
               r.
               162
            
             
               Hippolytus
               ;
               his
               Stepmother
               falls
               in
               love
               with
               him
               ,
               161
               r.
               184
            
             
               —
               Is
               falsly
               Accus'd
               ;
               Kill'd
               by
               his
               Chariot
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Homer
               ;
               the
               most
               ancient
               of
               the
               Poets
               ,
               86
               r.
               100
            
             
               —
               His
               Works
               ,
               152
               ,
               164
               r.
               8
               ,
               176
               ,
               187
            
             
               —
               Imitates
               Orpheus
               ,
               50
               r.
               61
            
             
               —
               The
               Place
               of
               his
               Birth
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Honey
               ;
               bitter
               Honey
               ,
               182
               r.
               205
            
          
           
             
               I.
               
            
             
               Jambulus
               ;
               his
               strange
               Voyage
               and
               Travels
               ,
               81
               ,
               84
               r.
               96
               ,
               99
            
             
               Jason
               ;
               Captain
               of
               the
               Argonauts
               ,
               his
               Acts
               ,
               148
               ,
               149
               r.
               170
               ,
               171
            
             
               —
               Goes
               to
               Corinth
               ,
               cast
               of
               Medea
               ,
               and
               marries
               Glauces
               ,
               145
               ,
               146
               r.
               179
            
             
               —
               His
               Death
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Iberians
               ;
               their
               Gold
               Mines
               ,
               191
               r.
               162
            
             
               Ibis
               ;
               the
               Usefulness
               of
               this
               Bird
               ,
               45
               r.
               55
            
             
               
               Ichneumenon
               ;
               the
               Enemy
               of
               the
               Crocodile
               ,
               17
               r.
               22
               ,
               55
            
             
               Ichthyophagi
               ;
               not
               affected
               with
               any
               thing
               ,
               91
               r.
               108
            
             
               —
               The
               manner
               of
               their
               Burials
               ,
               93
               r.
               109
            
             
               Jehovah
               call'd
               Jao
               ,
               49
               r.
               59
            
             
               Indians
               ;
               their
               Seven
               Tribes
               ,
               74
               ,
               75
               r.
               88
               ,
               89
            
             
               —
               Their
               War
               with
               Semiramis
               ,
               62
               ,
               63
               r.
               47
            
             
               India
               ;
               the
               Description
               ,
               72
               ,
               73
               r.
               85
               ,
               87
            
             
               Indus
               River
               ,
               73
            
             
               Jocasta
               ;
               the
               Acts
               of
               Jocasta
               ,
               r.
               202
            
             
               —
               The
               Mother
               of
               Oedipus
               ,
               162
               r.
               185
            
             
               Iolaus
               ;
               one
               of
               the
               Thespidae
               brings
               a
               Colony
               into
               Sardinia
               ,
               142
               r.
               163
               ,
               164
            
             
               Iris
               or
               Ireland
               ,
               an
               Island
               of
               Britain
               ,
               a
               fierce
               People
               ,
               189
               r.
               213
            
             
               Isis
               ;
               the
               same
               with
               Ceres
               ,
               6
               r.
               9
            
             
               Jews
               ;
               a
               Colony
               of
               Egypt
               ,
               10
               r.
               17
            
             
               —
               Why
               they
               are
               Circumcis'd
               ,
               28
               r.
               35
            
             
               Judges
               ;
               the
               Proceedings
               in
               Judicature
               in
               Egypt
               ,
               39
               ,
               40
               r.
               48
            
             
               Jupiter
               ;
               the
               Ancient
               Jupiter
               ,
               was
               the
               Brother
               of
               Coelus
               ,
               and
               King
               of
               Crete
               ,
               whose
               Daughters
               were
               the
               Curetes
               :
               the
               other
               was
               Lord
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Saturn
               ,
               116
               r.
               16
               ,
               136
            
             
               —
               The
               Kingdom
               of
               the
               
                 Cretan
                 Jupiter
              
               after
               Ammon
               and
               Bacchus
               ,
               123
               r.
               145
            
             
               —
               More
               ,
               204
               r.
               231
               ,
               233
            
             
               Ixion
               attempts
               to
               Ravish
               Juno
               ,
               is
               tormented
               upon
               a
               Wheel
               ,
               165
               r.
               189
            
          
           
             
               K.
               
            
             
               Kings
               ;
               draw
               a
               Chariot
               r.
               57
            
             
               —
               The
               strange
               way
               of
               living
               of
               the
               Kings
               of
               Egypt
               ,
               36
               r.
               44
            
             
               —
               Death
               to
               the
               Sabaean
               Kings
               to
               stir
               abroad
               ,
               107
               r.
               126
            
             
               Kingdoms
               ;
               formerly
               bestow'd
               upon
               such
               as
               had
               done
               good
               Publick
               Service
               ,
               23
               r.
               28
            
          
           
             
               L.
               
            
             
               Lakes
               ;
               a
               wonderful
               Lake
               in
               Ethiopia
               ,
               60
               r.
               72
            
             
               —
               A
               Description
               of
               the
               Lake
               of
               Myris
               ,
               26
               ,
               27
               33
               ,
               34
            
             
               —
               In
               Sicily
               ,
               139
               161
            
             
               Lapithae
               ;
               their
               War
               with
               the
               Centaurs
               ,
               165
               r.
               189
            
             
               —
               With
               the
               Doreans
               and
               Hercules
               ,
               146
               r.
               169
            
             
               Laws
               ;
               Of
               the
               Egyptians
               ,
               r.
               48
            
             
               —
               Of
               the
               Ethiopians
               ,
               87
               r.
               102
            
             
               Liparae
               Islands
               ;
               their
               fruitfullness
               ,
               &c.
               180
               r.
               203
            
             
               Letters
               ;
               Two
               Sorts
               in
               Egypt
               ,
               86
               r.
               101
            
             
               
                 —
                 Hieroglyphicks
              
               of
               Egypt
               and
               Ethiopia
               ,
               what
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               Greek
               Letters
               ,
               why
               call'd
               Pelasgian
               ,
               and
               Phaenician
               ,
               120
               r.
               140
            
             
               Letters
               in
               
                 Tabrobanana
                 ,
                 vii
              
               Figures
               ,
               83
               r.
               48
            
             
               Locusts
               ;
               Eaten
               ,
               and
               liv'd
               upon
               by
               the
               Ethiopians
               ,
               97
               r.
               114
            
             
               Lotus
               ;
               of
               Egypt
               ,
               what
               ,
               r.
               21
            
             
               —
               Tall
               Trees
               of
               Lotus
               ,
               105
               r.
               123
            
          
           
             
               M.
               
            
             
               Macarian
               Islands
               ;
               why
               so
               call'd
               ,
               213
               r.
               239
            
             
               
                 Megabarean
                 Ethiopians
              
               ;
               their
               manner
               of
               Burial
               ,
               98
               r.
               115
            
             
               —
               Their
               voluntary
               Deaths
               ,
               99
               r.
               116
            
             
               Marathon
               ;
               the
               Marathonian
               Bull
               ,
               159
               r.
               182
            
             
               Maraneans
               of
               Arabia
               ;
               how
               destroy'd
               ,
               and
               rooted
               out
               by
               the
               Garyndaneans
               ,
               105
               r.
               123
            
             
               Marsyas
               :
               His
               Contest
               with
               Apollo
               in
               Musick
               ;
               his
               Death
               ,
               114
               ,
               115
               r.
               134
            
             
               Mars
               ;
               his
               Inventions
               and
               Acts
               ,
               209
               r.
               235
            
             
               Medea
               ;
               assists
               the
               Argonauts
               with
               her
               Advice
               ,
               and
               makes
               an
               Agreement
               with
               Jason
               ,
               151
               ,
               152
               r.
               173
               ,
               174
            
             
               —
               Her
               wonderful
               Witcheraft
               in
               the
               Palace
               of
               Pelias
               ,
               153
               ,
               154
               r.
               176
               ,
               177
            
             
               —
               Forsaken
               by
               Jason
               ,
               and
               cruel
               Revenge
               upon
               her
               own
               Children
               ,
               156
               r.
               179
            
             
               Media
               ;
               a
               Catalogue
               of
               the
               Kings
               ,
               71
               r.
               84
            
             
               Meleager
               ;
               his
               sad
               Destiny
               ,
               145
               r.
               167
            
             
               Malta
               Island
               ;
               its
               Description
               ,
               181
               r.
               204
            
             
               Menas
               ;
               the
               first
               King
               of
               Egypt
               ,
               how
               preserv'd
               by
               a
               Crocodile
               ,
               46
               r.
               56
            
             
               Mercury
               ;
               the
               
                 Egyptian
                 Mercury
              
               ,
               his
               Invention
               of
               Arts
               ,
               Eloquence
               ,
               Musick
               ,
               &c.
               6
               ,
               23
               r.
               10
               ,
               28
            
             
               —
               Conductor
               of
               Souls
               ,
               50
               r.
               60
            
             
               Meroes
               ;
               Islands
               in
               Nile
               ,
               their
               Description
               ,
               r.
               19
               ,
               20
            
             
               Minerva
               ;
               the
               Place
               of
               her
               Birth
               ,
               208
               r.
               214
            
             
               —
               Her
               Inventions
               ,
               209
               r.
               235
            
             
               Minos
               the
               first
               ,
               Son
               of
               Jupiter
               ,
               160
               r.
               183
            
             
               —
               The
               second
               ,
               of
               
                 Lycasta
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               —
               His
               Cities
               ,
               Laws
               ,
               &c.
               211
               r.
               237
            
             
               —
               His
               Death
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               170
               r.
               194
            
             
               Minotaur
               ;
               Kill'd
               by
               Theseus
               ,
               160
               r.
               183
            
             
               —
               How
               born
               ,
               169
               r.
               193
            
             
               Money
               ;
               the
               Punishment
               of
               those
               that
               counterfeited
               Money
               in
               Egypt
               ,
               41
               r.
               50
            
             
               Moses
               ;
               the
               first
               that
               put
               Laws
               in
               writing
               ,
               49
               r.
               59
            
             
               —
               His
               Praise
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Mice
               ;
               Bred
               in
               Egypt
               out
               of
               the
               Mud
               or
               Slime
               ,
               2
               r.
               1
            
             
               Muses
               ;
               Accompany
               Bacchus
               ,
               127
               ,
               128
               r.
               148
            
             
               —
               And
               Osiris
               ,
               8
               r.
               10
            
             
               —
               Why
               ,
               Virgins
               ,
               130
               r.
               150
            
             
               —
               Their
               Names
               ,
               ibid.
               r.
               235
            
             
               Miris
               ,
               King
               of
               Egypt
               ;
               his
               Lake
               ,
               26
               ,
               27
               r.
               33
               ,
               34
            
             
               —
               His
               Pyramid
               and
               Sepulchre
               in
               the
               Lake
               ,
               27
               r.
               33
            
             
               Myrrhe
               ;
               A
               Description
               of
               Myrrhe
               ,
               194
               r.
               220
            
          
           
             
             
               N.
               
            
             
               
                 Nabathean
                 Arabians
              
               ,
               78
               ,
               105
               r.
               92
               ,
               130
            
             
               —
               Thieves
               ,
               never
               Conquer'd
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Naxus
               ;
               the
               History
               of
               Naxus
               ,
               198
               ,
               199
               r.
               184
               ,
               224
               ,
               225
            
             
               Nemean
               ;
               a
               Description
               of
               the
               Nemean
               Lion
               ,
               his
               Place
               ,
               Death
               ,
               &c.
               132
               r.
               153
            
             
               Neptune
               ;
               his
               Inventions
               ,
               good
               Deeds
               ,
               why
               accounted
               God
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               207
               r.
               233
            
             
               Nile
               ;
               the
               Islands
               in
               it
               ,
               15
               r.
               19
               ,
               20
            
             
               —
               The
               Cattracts
               ,
               Mouths
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               Beasts
               ,
               Fishes
               ,
               &c.
               16
               ,
               17
               r.
               20
               ,
               21
            
             
               —
               Flow
               its
               Decrease
               is
               observ'd
               ,
               and
               the
               different
               Opinions
               of
               the
               Inundations
               of
               Nile
               ,
               18
               ,
               &c.
               r.
               23
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Ninus
               ,
               King
               of
               Assyria
               ;
               his
               Acts
               ,
               54
               ,
               55
               ,
               56
               r.
               64
               ,
               65
               ,
               66
            
             
               —
               His
               Death
               and
               Sepulchre
               ,
               57
               r.
               67
            
             
               Nineveh
               ;
               Built
               ,
               55
               ,
               r.
               65
            
             
               —
               It
               s
               Shape
               ,
               Compass
               ,
               
                 &c.
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               —
               It
               s
               Siege
               ,
               and
               taking
               by
               Arbaces
               ,
               66
               ,
               67
               ,
               68
               r.
               80
            
             
               Ninyas
               ;
               the
               Son
               of
               Ninus
               ,
               64
               r.
               67
            
             
               Niobe
               ;
               her
               Pride
               and
               Punishment
               ,
               167
               r.
               167
            
             
               Nysa
               ;
               the
               pleasant
               Situation
               of
               the
               City
               the
               Birth-place
               of
               Bacchus
               ,
               120
               ,
               121
               r.
               141
            
             
               —
               The
               Cave
               of
               Nysa
               ,
               a
               most
               pleasant
               Place
               ,
               127
               r.
               147
            
          
           
             
               O.
               
            
             
               Obscenity
               ;
               Obscene
               Speech
               us'd
               in
               the
               Feasts
               of
               Ceres
               ,
               177
               201
            
             
               Obelisks
               ;
               the
               Obelisks
               of
               Semiramis
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               seven
               Wonders
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               59
               r.
               71
            
             
               Oedipus
               ;
               his
               Birth
               ,
               Casting
               forth
               ,
               his
               Acts
               ,
               Marriage
               ,
               &c.
               162
               r.
               180
               ,
               185
            
             
               Olympicks
               ;
               the
               Years
               :
               The
               Olympicks
               were
               distant
               one
               from
               another
               ,
               r.
               44
            
             
               —
               Invented
               by
               
                 Hercules
                 Dactylus
              
               ,
               204
               r.
               230
            
             
               —
               Instituted
               by
               Hercules
               ,
               134
               ,
               155
               r.
               155
               ,
               178
            
             
               Orion
               ;
               the
               Story
               of
               Orion
               ,
               173
               r.
               197
            
             
               Osymanduas
               ;
               King
               of
               Egypt
               ,
               24
               r.
               30
            
             
               —
               His
               stately
               Pyramid
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               His
               Epitaph
               ,
               25
               r.
               31
            
             
               Orpheus
               ;
               why
               said
               to
               draw
               Beasts
               after
               him
               ,
               139
               ,
               140
               r.
               162
            
             
               —
               His
               History
               ,
               140
               r.
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               His
               Verses
               ,
               45
               r.
               28
            
             
               —
               Rites
               of
               Bacchus
               brought
               into
               Greece
               by
               him
               ,
               50
               r.
               60
            
             
               Osiris
               ;
               his
               Expedition
               throughout
               the
               whole
               World
               ,
               and
               Acts
               ,
               5
               ,
               6
               ,
               7
               ,
               8
               r.
               9
               ,
               10
            
             
               —
               Deify'd
               ;
               Death
               ,
               Burial
               ,
               and
               Epitaph
               ,
               9
               ,
               12
               r.
               9
               ,
               12
            
          
           
             
               P.
               
            
             
               Palestina
               ,
               104
               ,
               105
               r.
               123
            
             
               Palm-Trees
               ;
               a
               full
               Description
               of
               the
               Palm-Trees
               in
               Arabia
               ,
               and
               the
               Province
               of
               Babylon
               ,
               81
               r.
               95
            
             
               Palmetum
               ;
               a
               pleasant
               Place
               of
               Palms
               ,
               and
               other
               Delights
               in
               Arabia
               ,
               104
               ,
               105
               r.
               123
            
             
               Panchaian
               Islands
               ;
               their
               Descriptian
               ,
               195
               r.
               220
               ,
               221
            
             
               —
               Genius
               and
               Customs
               of
               the
               Inhabitants
               ,
               196
            
             
               Paradise
               ;
               the
               Earthly
               Paradise
               in
               India
               ,
               121
               r.
               141
            
             
               Parents
               ;
               the
               Honour
               given
               to
               dead
               Parents
               in
               Egypt
               ,
               48
               r.
               58
            
             
               Pasiphae
               ;
               the
               Wife
               of
               Minos
               ,
               160
            
             
               —
               Her
               Carnal
               knowledge
               of
               a
               Bull
               ,
               169
               r.
               183
               ,
               193
            
             
               Patricides
               ,
               162
               r.
               628
               ,
               185
            
             
               —
               How
               Patricides
               are
               punish'd
               ,
               40
               r.
               49
            
             
               Pelias
               ;
               King
               of
               Colchos
               ;
               his
               strange
               Death
               by
               his
               own
               Daughters
               ,
               through
               the
               Witchcrafts
               of
               Medea
               ,
               154
               ,
               155
               r.
               177
               ,
               178
            
             
               Penthesilea
               ;
               the
               Amazon
               Queen
               ,
               assists
               the
               Trojans
               ,
               77
               r.
               91
            
             
               Perjury
               ;
               the
               punishment
               of
               Perjury
               ,
               40
               r.
               49
            
             
               Persians
               ;
               the
               Persians
               record
               their
               Antiquities
               in
               Rolls
               of
               Parchment
               ,
               or
               Skins
               ,
               71
               r.
               83
            
             
               Plague
               ;
               a
               great
               Plague
               in
               Rhodes
               ,
               and
               the
               Cause
               ,
               213
               r.
               239
            
             
               Phaeton
               ;
               the
               Story
               of
               Phaeton
               ,
               186
               r.
               210
            
             
               Phineus
               ;
               a
               Prince
               in
               Thrace
               :
               his
               Cruelty
               towards
               his
               two
               Sons
               ,
               149
               r.
               170
            
             
               Phaenicians
               brought
               Letters
               into
               Greece
               ,
               209
               r.
               235
            
             
               —
               Eminent
               for
               getting
               of
               Wealth
               ,
               191
               r.
               211
            
             
               —
               Their
               Colonies
               ,
               184
               r.
               208
            
             
               Perithous
               ;
               the
               History
               of
               Perithous
               ,
               the
               Rape
               of
               Helen
               ,
               161
               ,
               162
               r.
               184
               ,
               185
            
             
               Pillars
               ;
               Hercules
               Pillars
               ,
               135
               ,
               136
               r.
               157
            
             
               Pityusa
               ;
               Islands
               Describ'd
               ,
               r.
               106
            
             
               Pleiades
               ;
               their
               Names
               ,
               115
               r.
               135
            
             
               Pluto
               ;
               his
               Genealogy
               ,
               Invention
               ,
               211
               r.
               237
               ,
            
             
               —
               Why
               call'd
               the
               God
               of
               the
               Dead
               ,
               207
               r.
               233
            
             
               Punishment
               of
               various
               Crimes
               in
               Egypt
               ,
               40
               r.
               49
            
             
               Polynices
               ;
               his
               War
               with
               his
               Brother
               ,
               163
               r.
               186
            
             
               Pontus
               ,
               or
               the
               Pontick
               Sea
               ;
               once
               but
               a
               Lake
               ,
               197
               r.
               213
            
             
               —
               Of
               its
               Breach
               ,
               148
               r.
               170
            
             
               Priamus
               ;
               King
               of
               Troy
               ,
               168
               r.
               192
            
             
               —
               Plac'd
               in
               the
               Kingdom
               by
               Hercules
               ,
               152
               r.
               175
            
             
               Priapus
               ;
               what
               ,
               129
               r.
               149
            
             
               Promotheus
               ;
               the
               Explication
               of
               the
               Fable
               ,
               of
               his
               stealing
               of
               Fire
               ,
               205
               r.
               231
            
             
               —
               His
               Eagle
               ,
               what
               ,
               r.
               11
            
             
               —
               Loos'd
               from
               his
               Chains
               by
               Hercules
               ,
               135
               r.
               155
            
             
               Proserpina
               ;
               her
               Rape
               ,
               176
               ,
               177
               r.
               199
            
             
               —
               Places
               in
               Sicily
               dedicated
               to
               her
               ,
               177
               r.
               290
            
             
               
               Proteus
               ;
               King
               of
               Egypt
               ,
               32
               r.
               39
            
             
               —
               Why
               he
               was
               said
               to
               have
               several
               Shapes
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Pyramids
               ;
               the
               Pyramid
               of
               Chemmis
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               seven
               Wonders
               of
               the
               World
               ,
               32
               r.
               39
            
             
               —
               Mountains
               like
               Pyramids
               ,
               106
            
             
               Pythagoras
               ;
               What
               be
               learnt
               from
               Egypt
               ,
               51
               r.
               62
            
             
               —
               His
               Opinion
               of
               the
               Metempsychosis
               among
               the
               Gauls
               ,
               187
               ,
               188
               r.
               212
            
          
           
             
               R.
               
            
             
               Religion
               :
               The
               Neglect
               of
               Religion
               punish'd
               ;
               the
               Calydonian
               Boar
               ,
               145
               r.
               167
            
             
               Remphis
               ;
               the
               Egyptian
               King
               ,
               exceeding
               Covetous
               ,
               32
               r.
               39
            
             
               Rhadamanthus
               ;
               his
               Justice
               ,
               Acts
               ,
               Sons
               ,
               211
               r.
               228
            
             
               —
               His
               Parents
               ,
               211
               r.
               237
            
             
               —
               The
               Lawmaker
               in
               Crete
               ,
               160
               r.
               183
            
             
               Rhinoceros
               ,
               99
               r.
               117
            
             
               —
               His
               Fight
               with
               an
               Elephant
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Rhodes
               ;
               divided
               into
               three
               Parts
               ,
               158
               r.
               182
            
             
               —
               The
               great
               Deluge
               there
               ,
               200
               r.
               226
            
             
               —
               Why
               so
               call'd
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Rome
               ;
               taken
               by
               the
               Gauls
               ,
               189
               r.
               214
            
             
               —
               Built
               by
               Romulus
               ,
               137
               r.
               159
            
          
           
             
               S.
               
            
             
               
                 Sabaean
                 Arabians
              
               ,
               107
               r.
               125
            
             
               —
               The
               Kings
               ,
               Riches
               ,
               &c.
               107
               ,
               108
               r.
               126
            
             
               Samothracia
               ;
               The
               Name
               ,
               Inhabitants
               ,
               Deluge
               ,
               Mysteries
               ,
               Temple
               ,
               &c.
               197
               ,
               198
               r.
               200
               ,
               223
            
             
               Sands
               ;
               Mountains
               of
               Sand
               ,
               106
               r.
               124
            
             
               —
               The
               sandy
               Deserts
               of
               Arabia
               ,
               81
               r.
               96
            
             
               Sardanapalus
               ;
               his
               Effeminacy
               ,
               Luxury
               ,
               Deposition
               ,
               Death
               ,
               65
               ,
               &c.
               r.
               78
               ,
               79
               ,
               81
            
             
               Saturn
               ,
               King
               of
               Egypt
               ,
               5
               r.
               9
            
             
               
                 —
                 Saturn
              
               one
               of
               the
               Titans
               ,
               204
               ,
               205
               r.
               231
            
             
               —
               Kill'd
               his
               Children
               ,
               207
               r.
               233
            
             
               —
               Overcome
               by
               Bacchus
               ,
               122
               ,
               r.
               143
            
             
               
                 —
                 Saturn
              
               the
               Brother
               of
               Atlas
               ,
               116
               r.
               136
            
             
               —
               His
               Impiety
               ,
               
                 &c.
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               —
               The
               Golden
               Age
               of
               Saturn
               ,
               r.
               23
            
             
               Satyrs
               ;
               the
               Companions
               of
               Bacchus
               ,
               129
               r.
               149
            
             
               —
               Of
               Osyris
               ,
               r.
               11
            
             
               —
               Why
               they
               are
               worshipp'd
               ,
               45
               r.
               55
            
             
               Scorpions
               ;
               where
               they
               abound
               ,
               97
               ,
               91
               r.
               114
            
             
               Semele
               ;
               her
               Adultery
               with
               Jupiter
               ,
               and
               how
               she
               was
               consum'd
               ,
               117
               ,
               118
               r.
               137
               ,
               138
            
             
               Semiramis
               ;
               her
               History
               ,
               55
               ,
               56
               r.
               65
               ,
               66
            
             
               —
               Her
               Journey
               into
               Bactria
               ,
               r.
               67
            
             
               —
               Builds
               Babylon
               ,
               57
               r.
               68
            
             
               —
               Her
               Expedition
               into
               India
               ,
               and
               other
               Actions
               ,
               60
               ,
               &c.
               r.
               73
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Serbon
               ;
               The
               Lake
               of
               Serbon
               very
               dangerous
               ,
               14
               r.
               18
            
             
               Serpents
               ;
               vast
               Serpents
               in
               Ethiopia
               ,
               100
               ,
               101
               r.
               118
            
             
               —
               Destroy
               Elephants
               ,
               89
               ,
               102
               r.
               104
            
             
               —
               The
               great
               Serpent
               taken
               ,
               and
               brought
               to
               Alexandria
               ,
               101
               r.
               119
            
             
               —
               How
               taken
               ,
               fed
               and
               made
               tame
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               Serpents
               infest
               Khodes
               ,
               201
               r.
               227
            
             
               Sesostris
               ;
               King
               of
               Egypt
               ,
               27
               ,
               28
               r.
               30
               ,
               31
            
             
               —
               Travels
               through
               the
               World
               ,
               his
               famous
               Acts
               ,
               29
               ,
               30
               r.
               34
               ,
               35
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               
                 —
                 Sesostris
              
               the
               Second
               ,
               how
               cur'd
               of
               his
               Blindness
               ,
               31
               r.
               38
            
             
               Sicily
               ;
               its
               ancient
               Names
               ,
               176
               r.
               199
            
             
               —
               It
               s
               Circuit
               ,
               Princes
               ,
               &c.
               178
               ,
               179
               r.
               202
            
             
               —
               Once
               a
               Peninsula
               ,
               173
               r.
               197
            
             
               Silla
               ,
               a
               wonderful
               River
               ,
               73
            
             
               Silenus
               ;
               the
               first
               King
               of
               Nysa
               ,
               122
               r.
               143
            
             
               —
               Tutor
               of
               Bacchus
               ,
               128
               r.
               148
            
             
               Sun
               ;
               in
               what
               Shape
               it
               rises
               among
               the
               Arabians
               ,
               108
               r.
               127
            
             
               —
               It
               s
               Circuit
               and
               Course
               ,
               51
               r.
               62
            
             
               
                 —
                 India
              
               directly
               subject
               to
               the
               Tropick
               of
               Capricorn
               ,
               72
               r.
               85
            
             
               Spectra's
               ;
               in
               the
               Air
               among
               the
               Lybians
               ,
               109
               r.
               128
            
             
               —
               The
               natural
               Reason
               of
               them
               ,
               110
               r.
               129
            
             
               Sphinx
               ,
               162
            
             
               Spouses
               ;
               in
               the
               Baliaries
               prostituted
               at
               the
               Nuptial
               Feasts
               to
               all
               the
               Guests
               ,
               183
               r.
               207
            
             
               Suatues
               ,
               168
               r.
               192
            
             
               —
               As
               if
               they
               were
               living
               Men
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Stratagems
               ;
               Mock-Elephants
               made
               by
               Semiramis
               ,
               62
               r.
               73
            
             
               Stymphalia
               ;
               the
               devouring
               Birds
               of
               Stymphalick
               Lake
               destroy'd
               by
               Herculess
               133
               r.
               154
            
          
           
             
               T.
               
            
             
               Tantalus
               ;
               his
               History
               in
               short
               ,
               167
               r.
               191
            
             
               Taprobana
               ;
               a
               Description
               of
               the
               Island
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               Inhabitants
               and
               their
               Manners
               ,
               90
               ,
               97
               ,
               98
               ,
               99
               r.
               81
               ,
               82
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Thebes
               ;
               in
               Egypt
               built
               by
               Osiris
               ,
               6
               r.
               9
            
             
               Thebans
               in
               Greece
               ;
               their
               War
               with
               the
               Argives
               ,
               162
               ,
               &c.
               r.
               186
               ,
               187.
               
            
             
               Theseus
               ;
               his
               Original
               ,
               Acts
               ,
               Wives
               ,
               
                 &c.
                 159
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               r.
               182
               ,
               183
            
             
               Thespiadae
               ;
               their
               Original
               ,
               142
               r.
               163
            
             
               —
               Driven
               out
               of
               Sardinia
               ,
               settle
               about
               Cuma
               ,
               182
               r.
               206
            
             
               Titans
               ;
               in
               Africa
               ,
               113
               r.
               133
            
             
               —
               Assist
               Saturn
               ,
               116
               r.
               136
            
             
               —
               Are
               rooted
               out
               by
               Bacchus
               ,
               123
               r.
               144
            
             
               —
               The
               Titans
               in
               Crete
               ,
               their
               Parents
               ,
               Sisters
               ,
               &c.
               204
               ,
               205
               r.
               231
            
             
               Troglodites
               ;
               their
               Manners
               ,
               18
               ,
               98
               ,
               99
               ,
               100
               r.
               115
               ,
               117
               ,
               120
            
             
               Troy
               ;
               taken
               by
               Hercules
               ,
               143
               ,
               144
               r.
               165
               ,
               166
               ,
               175
            
             
               —
               The
               Pedigree
               of
               the
               Kings
               ,
               167
               ,
               168
               r.
               191
            
             
               Typhon
               ;
               the
               Giant
               in
               Phrygia
               ,
               127
               ,
               r.
               234
            
             
               Trees
               ;
               how
               Sinnis
               destroy'd
               Men
               by
               binding
               Trees
               together
               ,
               r.
               182
            
             
               —
               Them
               that
               sleep
               in
               Trees
               ,
               159
               r.
               183
            
          
           
             
             
               V.
               
            
             
               Uchoreus
               ;
               King
               of
               Egypt
               ,
               built
               Memphis
               ,
               26
               r.
               32
               ,
               33
            
             
               Venus
               ;
               the
               Daughter
               of
               Saturn
               ,
               5
               r.
               9
            
             
               —
               Her
               Office
               ,
               208
               r.
               234
            
             
               —
               Her
               several
               Names
               ,
               211
               r.
               237
            
             
               —
               Her
               magnificent
               Temple
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               172
               r.
               196
            
             
               Vesuvius
               ;
               Mount
               Vesuvius
               in
               Campania
               vomits
               Fire
               ,
               138
               r.
               159
            
             
               Virgin
               ;
               a
               monstrous
               Virgin
               in
               Scythia
               ,
               76
               r.
               89
            
             
               Vulcan
               ;
               the
               Inventer
               of
               Fire
               ,
               5
               r.
               8
            
             
               —
               Where
               he
               is
               worshipp'd
               ,
               209
               r.
               235
            
          
           
             
               W.
               
            
             
               Writing
               ;
               from
               the
               top
               of
               the
               Leaf
               downward
               ,
               in
               Tapribana
               ,
               83
               r.
               98
            
             
               Wine
               ;
               made
               of
               Barley
               ,
               found
               out
               by
               Osiris
               ,
               8
               r.
               10
            
          
           
             
               X.
               
            
             
               Xerxes
               ;
               his
               innumerable
               Army
               ,
               56
               r.
               66
            
          
           
             
               Y.
               
            
             
               Years
               ;
               an
               Account
               of
               the
               Egyptian
               Year
               ,
               26
               r.
               32
            
             
               —
               The
               Greeks
               Great
               Year
               ,
               78
               r.
               92
            
             
               —
               The
               Lunar
               Year
               of
               30
               Days
               ,
               12
               r.
               15
            
             
               —
               The
               Year
               of
               4
               Months
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
          
           
             
               Z.
               
            
             
               Zythus
               ;
               a
               Drink
               of
               Barley
               ,
               127
               r.
               147
            
          
        
         
           
           
             A
             TABLE
             OF
             The
             Principal
             Matters
             In
             the
             Last
             Ten
             BOOKS
             of
             
               Diodorus
               the
               Sicilian
            
             :
             Containing
             his
             MYTHOLOGIES
             .
          
           
             Note
             :
             The
             First
             Figures
             of
             this
             Table
             refer
             to
             the
             Pages
             of
             this
             Book
             ;
             and
             the
             Last
             Figures
             with
             r.
             before
             them
             ,
             refer
             to
             the
             Pages
             of
             
             Rhodomannus's
             Edition
             plac'd
             in
             the
             Margin
             of
             this
             Book
             .
          
           
             
               A.
               
            
             
               
                 A
                 Gathocles
              
               his
               Butcheries
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               687
               r.
               770
            
             
               Abderites
               ;
               almost
               all
               cut
               off
               by
               the
               Treballians
               ,
               423
               r.
               476
            
             
               —
               Deliver'd
               by
               
                 Chabrias
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               Acarnanians
               ;
               their
               War
               with
               the
               Ambrociats
               ,
               287
               r.
               317
            
             
               Achaians
               ;
               assist
               Phayllus
               ,
               494
               r.
               529
            
             
               
                 —
                 Demetrius
              
               restores
               Liberty
               to
               their
               Cities
               ,
               494
               r.
               786
            
             
               Acimnestus
               ;
               his
               unfortunate
               aspiring
               to
               the
               Government
               at
               Enna
               ,
               364
               r.
               402
            
             
               Agrigentines
               ;
               their
               War
               with
               the
               Syracusians
               ,
               and
               their
               Rout
               ,
               243
               r.
               269
            
             
               Ada
               ;
               Princess
               of
               Caria
               Restor'd
               by
               Alexander
               the
               Great
               ,
               531
               r.
               574
            
             
               Adranum
               ;
               in
               Sicily
               built
               ,
               375
               r.
               416
            
             
               Aeacides
               ;
               King
               of
               Epirus
               endeavours
               to
               restore
               his
               Sister
               Olympias
               to
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Macedon
               ,
               612
               r.
               676
            
             
               —
               But
               in
               Vain
               ,
               624
               r.
               690
            
             
               —
               Is
               expell'd
               his
               Kingdom
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               Restor'd
               ,
               and
               afterwards
               kill'd
               in
               a
               Battel
               ,
               642
               r.
               712
            
             
               Aegestines
               ;
               their
               War
               with
               the
               Lilybaeans
               ,
               259
               r.
               286
            
             
               —
               With
               the
               Selinuntians
               ,
               297
               r.
               328
            
             
               —
               Burn
               the
               Tents
               of
               Dionysius
               ,
               382
               r.
               425
            
             
               —
               The
               Cruelties
               Executed
               upon
               them
               by
               Agathocles
               ,
               686
               r.
               769
            
             
               Aegesta
               ;
               wholly
               Destroy'd
               and
               Raz'd
               ,
               687
               r.
               770
            
             
               Aegineans
               ;
               are
               Subdu'd
               by
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               256
               r.
               283
            
             
               —
               Expell'd
               by
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               281
               r.
               309
            
             
               Aegium
               ;
               taken
               and
               raz'd
               by
               Aristodemus
               ,
               637
               r.
               707
            
             
               Aegppt
               ;
               their
               Defection
               from
               the
               Persians
               ,
               252
               r.
               279
            
             
               —
               The
               two
               Persian
               Expeditions
               against
               them
               ,
               254
               ,
               255
               r.
               280
               ,
               281
               ,
               282
            
             
               —
               They
               assist
               Evagoras
               against
               
                 Artaxerxes
                 Mnemon
              
               ,
               410
               r.
               460
            
             
               —
               King
               Acovis
               leagues
               with
               Gaius
               against
               the
               Perseans
               ,
               413
               462
            
             
               —
               King
               Tachus
               his
               War
               with
               Artaxerxes
               ,
               473
               r.
               504
            
             
               
               —
               They
               revolt
               from
               Tachus
               ,
               and
               Tachus
               restor'd
               by
               Agesilaus
               ,
               474
               r.
               506
            
             
               —
               Revolt
               from
               
                 Artaxerxes
                 Ocus
              
               ,
               496
               r.
               531
            
             
               —
               Gain'd
               by
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               542
               r.
               588
            
             
               
                 —
                 Ptolemys
              
               Province
               ,
               591
               r.
               628
               ,
               648
            
             
               Aequi
               Conquer'd
               by
               the
               Romans
               ,
               289
               r.
               319
               ,
               786
            
             
               Aetna
               ;
               the
               City
               Aetna
               first
               call'd
               Eunesia
               ,
               254
               r.
               281
            
             
               Aetolians
               ;
               overcome
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               and
               Besieg'd
               Naupactus
               in
               vain
               ,
               287
               r.
               317
            
             
               —
               Rebell
               against
               Alexander
               the
               Great
               ,
               522
               r.
               563
            
             
               —
               Oppose
               Alexander's
               Edict
               ,
               577
               r.
               632
            
             
               —
               Their
               War
               with
               Antipater
               ,
               584
               r.
               641
            
             
               —
               Their
               Treachery
               against
               the
               Agrineans
               ,
               638
               r.
               708
            
             
               Africa
               ;
               dry
               and
               full
               of
               Serpents
               ,
               674
               r.
               754
            
             
               —
               The
               Africans
               rebell
               against
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               391
               r.
               437
            
             
               —
               Divided
               into
               four
               Sorts
               ,
               681
               r.
               762
            
             
               Agathocles
               ;
               his
               Original
               ,
               Increase
               ,
               and
               Cruelty
               ,
               607
               r.
               670
            
             
               —
               Becomes
               King
               ,
               610
               r.
               673
            
             
               —
               His
               Cruelty
               at
               Gela
               ,
               655
               r.
               739
            
             
               —
               His
               Fight
               with
               the
               Carthaginians
               at
               Ecnomus
               unsuccessfull
               ,
               655
               r.
               729
            
             
               —
               His
               Preparations
               for
               an
               Expedition
               into
               Africa
               ,
               658
               r.
               734
            
             
               —
               Burns
               his
               Ships
               in
               Africa
               ,
               Beats
               the
               
                 Africans
                 ,
                 660
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               r.
               738
               ,
               739
               ,
               740
            
             
               —
               His
               further
               Acts
               there
               ,
               670
               r.
               749
               ,
               r.
               750
               ,
               752
            
             
               —
               His
               treachery
               against
               
                 Ophellas
                 ,
                 673
                 &c.
              
               r.
               753
               ,
               754
            
             
               —
               Takes
               Utica
               ,
               680
               r.
               761
            
             
               —
               Flies
               back
               into
               Sicily
               ,
               681
               r.
               762
            
             
               —
               His
               Acts
               there
               ,
               682
               ,
               683
               ,
               &c.
               r.
               764
               ,
               r.
               765
               ,
               766
            
             
               —
               Returns
               into
               Africa
               and
               is
               worsted
               by
               the
               Africans
               ,
               685
               r.
               767
            
             
               —
               A
               mutiny
               in
               his
               Camp
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               Flies
               out
               of
               Africa
               ,
               his
               Sons
               murder'd
               ,
               and
               his
               Army
               dispers'd
               ,
               and
               all
               made
               Slaves
               ,
               686
               ,
               687
               r.
               769
            
             
               —
               His
               Cruelty
               upon
               the
               Aegestines
               ,
               687
               r.
               769
            
             
               —
               And
               the
               
                 Syracusians
                 ,
                 idid
              
               .
            
             
               —
               His
               Sacrilege
               and
               Death
               ,
               699
               r.
               785
            
             
               Agesilaus
               ;
               General
               against
               the
               Persians
               ,
               392
               r.
               438
            
             
               —
               His
               Praise
               ,
               421
               r.
               473
            
             
               —
               His
               Acts
               in
               Egyyt
               ,
               474
               ,
               475
               r.
               505
               ,
               506
            
             
               —
               His
               Death
               ,
               475
               r.
               506
            
             
               Agis
               ;
               King
               of
               Lacedemon
               ,
               277
               r.
               306
            
             
               —
               Accus'd
               for
               making
               Peace
               wiuh
               the
               Argives
               ,
               295
               r.
               326
            
             
               —
               His
               Valour
               at
               the
               Battel
               of
               Mantinea
               ,
               295
               r.
               326
            
             
               —
               General
               against
               Antipater
               ,
               547
               r.
               595
            
             
               —
               His
               Heroical
               Death
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Agrigentines
               ;
               overcome
               by
               the
               Syracusians
               ,
               243
               r.
               269
            
             
               —
               A
               famous
               Pond
               there
               ,
               and
               other
               Works
               ,
               228
               r.
               256
            
             
               —
               Their
               ancient
               Grandeur
               ,
               340
               r.
               374
            
             
               —
               Besieg'd
               ,
               341
               r.
               377
            
             
               —
               The
               Miserable
               destruction
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               343
               r.
               379
            
             
               —
               They
               afterwards
               seek
               to
               free
               all
               the
               Cities
               of
               Sicily
               ,
               670
               ,
               681
               r.
               748
               ,
               762
            
             
               Agrinium
               ;
               a
               City
               of
               Acarnania
               ,
               the
               Cities
               put
               to
               the
               Sword
               by
               the
               Aetolians
               against
               terms
               agreed
               ,
               638
               r.
               708
            
             
               Alcetas
               ;
               Brother
               of
               Perdiccas
               overcome
               by
               Antigonus
               ,
               593
               r.
               651
            
             
               —
               Betray'd
               by
               the
               Pisidians
               ;
               kills
               himself
               ,
               594
               r.
               652
            
             
               Alcibiades
               sent
               by
               the
               Athenians
               to
               Argos
               ,
               against
               the
               Lacedemonians
               ,
               296
               r.
               327
            
             
               —
               His
               Praise
               ,
               297
               r.
               329
            
             
               —
               Accus'd
               to
               be
               the
               ●●thor
               cutting
               off
               the
               Nead
               of
               
               Mercury's
               Statues
               ,
               301
               r.
               332
            
             
               —
               Is
               Condemn'd
               in
               his
               absence
               ,
               301
               r.
               333
            
             
               —
               Flies
               to
               
                 Sparta
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               —
               Restor'd
               to
               favour
               of
               the
               People
               ,
               333
               r.
               367
               ,
               368
            
             
               —
               Banishes
               himself
               ,
               336
               r.
               370
            
             
               —
               Treacherously
               murder'd
               by
               Pharnabazus
               ,
               362
               r.
               400
            
             
               Alesa
               ;
               built
               by
               Archonides
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               364
               r.
               403
            
             
               Alexander
               the
               Son
               of
               Amyntas
               King
               of
               Macedon
               ,
               433
               r.
               488
            
             
               —
               His
               Acts
               against
               
                 Alexander
                 Phereus
              
               ,
               434
               r.
               489
            
             
               —
               Kill'd
               by
               
                 Ptolemy
                 Alorites
              
               ,
               478
               r.
               510
            
             
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               a
               short
               History
               of
               him
               ,
               521
               r.
               562
            
             
               —
               The
               Fight
               at
               Chaeronea
               ,
               516
               r.
               555
            
             
               —
               His
               besieging
               and
               razing
               of
               Thebes
               ,
               524
               527
               r.
               568
            
             
               —
               His
               design
               against
               Persia
               ,
               his
               Passage
               into
               Asia
               ,
               and
               mustering
               of
               his
               Army
               ,
               528
               r.
               570
            
             
               —
               The
               Battel
               at
               Granicum
               ,
               529
               r.
               571
               ,
               r.
               572
               ,
               573
            
             
               —
               His
               Acts
               in
               the
               lesser
               Asia
               ,
               529
               ,
               530
               r.
               574
               ,
               576
            
             
               —
               His
               desperate
               Sickness
               ,
               534
               r.
               578
            
             
               —
               The
               Battel
               at
               Issus
               ,
               535
               r.
               579
            
             
               —
               Besieges
               Tyre
               ,
               538
               r.
               583
            
             
               —
               Takes
               Gaza
               ,
               541
               r.
               588
            
             
               —
               Gains
               
                 Egypt
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               —
               Goes
               to
               
                 Jupiter
                 Hammon's
              
               Temple
               ,
               542
               r.
               589
            
             
               —
               The
               Battel
               at
               Arbela
               ,
               546
               r.
               591
            
             
               —
               Enters
               Susa
               ,
               551
               r.
               598
            
             
               —
               His
               kindness
               to
               the
               Greeks
               maim'd
               by
               the
               Persians
               ,
               550
               r.
               597
            
             
               Persepolis
               burnt
               by
               him
               ,
               552
               r.
               599
            
             
               Thalestris
               ,
               Queen
               of
               the
               Amazons
               ,
               554
               r.
               603
            
             
               
               —
               His
               other
               Acts
               in
               
                 Persia
                 ,
                 555
                 ,
                 556
                 ,
                 &c
                 ,
              
               r.
               604
               ,
               605
               ,
               606
            
             
               —
               His
               Expedition
               into
               India
               ,
               558
               r.
               608
            
             
               —
               His
               Acts
               there
               ,
               560
               ,
               &c.
               r.
               610
               ,
               612
               ,
               613
            
             
               —
               His
               War
               with
               the
               Oxydracans
               ,
               563
               r.
               613
            
             
               —
               His
               desperate
               Case
               and
               Hazard
               there
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               Marries
               Statira
               ,
               567
               r.
               619
            
             
               —
               Enters
               into
               Babylon
               ,
               570
               r.
               622
            
             
               —
               Prodigies
               before
               his
               Death
               ,
               572
               r.
               624
            
             
               —
               His
               Intemperance
               ,
               Sickness
               ,
               and
               Death
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               The
               Division
               of
               his
               Conquests
               among
               his
               Captains
               ,
               574
               ,
               591
               r.
               628
               ,
               648
            
             
               —
               A
               Description
               of
               his
               Funeral
               Charriot
               ,
               586
               r.
               642
            
             
               —
               The
               Captains
               join
               with
               Eumenes
               ,
               and
               presently
               fall
               from
               him
               ,
               617
               r.
               682
            
             
               —
               The
               magnificent
               Feast
               of
               the
               Captains
               and
               Great
               Commanders
               in
               Persia
               ,
               617
               r.
               682
            
             
               —
               The
               third
               division
               of
               the
               Provinces
               ,
               628
               r.
               696
            
             
               —
               All
               the
               Captains
               join
               against
               Antigonus
               ,
               633
               r.
               701
            
             
               —
               Great
               Captains
               take
               upon
               them
               the
               Stile
               of
               Kings
               ,
               654
               ,
               680
               r.
               728
               ,
               761
            
             
               Alexander
               King
               of
               Epirus
               ,
               510
               r.
               548
            
             
               Alexander
               Son
               of
               Alexander
               the
               Great
               ,
               together
               with
               his
               Mother
               murder'd
               by
               Cassander
               ,
               654
               r.
               728
            
             
               —
               The
               Family
               of
               Alexander
               the
               Great
               Extinct
               ,
               672
               r.
               752
            
             
               Alexandria
               ;
               in
               Egypt
               ,
               built
               by
               Alexander
               the
               Great
               ,
               543
               r.
               589
            
             
               —
               Another
               beyond
               Caucasus
               ,
               568
               r.
               606
            
             
               —
               Another
               in
               India
               ,
               556
               r.
               617
            
             
               
                 Alexander
                 Pheraeus
              
               ;
               his
               War
               with
               the
               Thessalians
               and
               Macedonians
               ,
               434
               ,
               438
               r.
               489
               ,
               494
            
             
               —
               His
               Cruelty
               ,
               440
               a.
               466
            
             
               —
               His
               other
               Acts
               ,
               442
               ,
               475
               r.
               499
               ,
               507
            
             
               —
               Is
               murder'd
               by
               his
               Wife
               ,
               483
               r.
               517
            
             
               
                 Alexander
                 Polysperchon
              
               ;
               his
               Acts
               ,
               602
               ,
               623
               ,
               632
               ,
               636
               ,
               &c.
               r.
               662
               ,
               689
               ,
               700
               ,
               706
               &c.
               
            
             
               Amazons
               ;
               the
               Queen
               lies
               with
               Alexander
               the
               Great
               ,
               r.
               663
            
             
               Amilcar
               ;
               the
               Carthaginian
               General
               besieges
               Himera
               ,
               226
               r.
               253
            
             
               —
               His
               Death
               ,
               227
               r.
               254
            
             
               Amilcar
               ;
               the
               Carthaginian
               General
               against
               Agathocles
               654
               r.
               728
            
             
               —
               Is
               taken
               attempting
               to
               surprize
               Syracuse
               in
               the
               night
               ,
               and
               his
               Punishment
               ,
               669
               r.
               747
               ,
               748
            
             
               Amhictyons
               ;
               their
               decrees
               against
               the
               Spartans
               ,
               491
               r.
               525
            
             
               —
               Against
               the
               Phocians
               ,
               505
               r.
               542
            
             
               Amphipolis
               ;
               an
               Athenian
               Colony
               ,
               their
               Slaughters
               ,
               252
               ,
               276
               ,
               r.
               278
               ,
               304
               ,
               279
            
             
               —
               Their
               various
               Changes
               ,
               290
               r.
               321
            
             
               Amyntas
               ;
               King
               of
               Macedon
               ,
               283
               r.
               312
            
             
               —
               Driven
               out
               of
               his
               Kingdom
               ,
               397
               r.
               444
            
             
               —
               His
               War
               with
               the
               Olynthians
               ,
               416
               r.
               467
            
             
               —
               His
               Death
               ,
               433
               r.
               488
            
             
               Andromachus
               ;
               the
               builder
               of
               Tauromenium
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               480
               r.
               513
            
             
               Antigenes
               ;
               Colonel
               of
               the
               Argyraspides
               ,
               601
               r.
               661
            
             
               —
               Burnt
               alive
               by
               Antigonus
               ,
               626
               r.
               694
            
             
               Antigonus
               ;
               his
               share
               in
               the
               Provinces
               ,
               574
               r.
               628
            
             
               —
               Most
               Active
               of
               all
               Alexanders
               Captains
               ,
               584
               r.
               640
            
             
               —
               Joins
               with
               others
               against
               
                 Perdiccas
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               —
               His
               first
               Expedition
               against
               Eumenes
               ,
               591
               r.
               649
            
             
               —
               His
               other
               Acts
               ,
               592
               ,
               593
               ,
               &c.
               r.
               650
               r.
               651
               ,
               654
               ,
               655
               ,
               656
               ,
               661
               ,
               666
            
             
               —
               His
               second
               Expedition
               against
               Eumenes
               ,
               605
               ,
               614
               ,
               615
               r
               ,
               666
               ,
               679
               ,
               680
            
             
               —
               His
               other
               Expedition
               against
               Eumenes
               ,
               618
               r.
               683
            
             
               —
               A
               Battel
               between
               him
               and
               Eumenes
               ,
               620
               r.
               686
            
             
               —
               His
               last
               Battel
               with
               Eumenes
               ,
               and
               his
               Victory
               ,
               626
               r.
               693
            
             
               —
               He
               robs
               the
               Treasuries
               at
               Susa
               ,
               629
               r.
               697
            
             
               —
               His
               Quarrel
               with
               Seleucus
               ,
               633
               r.
               701
            
             
               —
               Besieges
               Tyre
               ,
               and
               takes
               it
               ,
               635
               r.
               704
            
             
               —
               His
               other
               Acts
               ,
               639
               ,
               641
               ,
               643
               ,
               648
               r.
               709
               ,
               712
               ,
               714
               ,
               720
            
             
               —
               His
               Expedition
               against
               the
               Nabathaeans
               ,
               649
               r.
               722
            
             
               —
               Builds
               Antigonia
               ,
               677
               r.
               758
            
             
               —
               His
               Expedition
               into
               Egypt
               ,
               unsuccessfull
               ,
               688
               r.
               770
            
             
               —
               His
               War
               with
               the
               Rhodians
               ,
               690
               r.
               774
            
             
               
                 Antipater
                 ;
                 Macedonia
              
               alotted
               to
               him
               ,
               574
               r.
               628
            
             
               —
               The
               Lamian
               War
               with
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               578
               r.
               633
            
             
               —
               Conquers
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               and
               changes
               their
               Government
               ,
               581
               r.
               637
            
             
               Aorni
               ;
               the
               Rocks
               of
               Aornus
               described
               ,
               558
               r.
               607
            
             
               Apes
               ;
               the
               
                 Indian
                 Apes
              
               ,
               610
               r.
               562
            
             
               —
               Worship'd
               in
               Africa
               ,
               635
               r.
               704
            
             
               Apollonides
               forc'd
               to
               abdicate
               the
               Government
               of
               Agrigentum
               by
               Timoleon
               ,
               514
               r.
               553
            
             
               Apollo
               ;
               the
               besieged
               Tyrians
               bind
               Apollo
               in
               Golden
               Chains
               ,
               541
               r.
               587
            
             
               
                 —
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               releases
               him
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Apology
               ;
               Eumenes
               his
               story
               or
               parable
               of
               the
               Lyon
               wooing
               a
               Virgin
               ,
               618
               r.
               684
            
             
               Apothegms
               ;
               of
               Agesilaus
               ,
               448
               r.
               506
            
             
               —
               Of
               Alcibiades
               ,
               277
               ,
               544
               r.
               306
               ,
               591
            
             
               —
               Of
               Antipater
               ,
               612
               r.
               676
            
             
               —
               Of
               the
               Athenians
               to
               Mardonius
               ,
               230
               r.
               257
            
             
               —
               To
               them
               that
               fled
               from
               the
               Battel
               at
               Syracuse
               ,
               307
               r.
               339
            
             
               —
               Of
               the
               Mother
               of
               Brasidias
               ,
               293
               r.
               324
            
             
               —
               Of
               Callicratides
               ,
               348
               r.
               384
            
             
               —
               Of
               Charonidas
               ,
               270
               r.
               299
            
             
               Of
               Demades
               ,
               516
               r.
               555
            
             
               
               —
               Of
               Demaratus
               ,
               218
               r.
               245
            
             
               —
               Of
               Diomedon
               ,
               360
               r
               ,
               386
            
             
               —
               Of
               Dionysius
               ,
               479
               r.
               512
            
             
               —
               His
               Apothegmatick
               Letter
               to
               the
               sacrilegious
               Athenians
               ,
               504
               r.
               541
            
             
               —
               Of
               Dionysius
               his
               Friends
               ,
               in
               perswading
               him
               not
               to
               leave
               the
               Government
               ,
               689
               r.
               773
            
             
               —
               Of
               Epaminondas
               ,
               430
               ,
               445
               ,
               618
               r.
               485
               ,
               503
               ,
               684
            
             
               —
               Of
               Gellias
               ,
               340
               r.
               375
            
             
               —
               Of
               the
               Greeks
               ,
               216
               r.
               243
            
             
               —
               Of
               Heloris
               ,
               360
               r.
               399
            
             
               —
               Of
               Hephestion
               ,
               571
               r.
               623
            
             
               —
               Of
               Hermocrates
               ,
               519
               r.
               559
            
             
               —
               Of
               the
               Lacedemonian
               Ambassadors
               ,
               288
               r.
               318
            
             
               —
               Of
               Leonidas
               ,
               217
               r.
               244
               ,
               245
            
             
               —
               Of
               Megaclis
               ,
               689
               r.
               773
            
             
               —
               Of
               Myronidas
               ,
               257
               r.
               284
            
             
               —
               Of
               Pharnabazus
               ,
               425
               r.
               478
            
             
               —
               Of
               Philoxenus
               ,
               of
               Dionysius
               his
               Verses
               ,
               411
               r.
               461
            
             
               —
               Of
               Proxenus
               ,
               369
               r.
               409
            
             
               —
               Of
               Ptolemy
               ,
               647
               r.
               718
            
             
               —
               Of
               Socrates
               ,
               the
               General
               of
               Cyrus
               ,
               369
               r.
               410
            
             
               —
               Of
               Sophilus
               ,
               368
               r.
               409
            
             
               —
               Of
               Thessalion
               ,
               497
               r.
               533
            
             
               —
               Of
               Thrasibulus
               to
               the
               30
               Tyrants
               ,
               373
               r.
               414
            
             
               
                 Appius
                 Claudius
              
               ,
               his
               Works
               ,
               672
               r
               571
            
             
               Arbela
               ;
               the
               Battel
               at
               Arbela
               ,
               by
               Alexander
               with
               Darius
               ,
               545
               ,
               548
               r.
               592
               ,
               596
            
             
               Arcadians
               their
               Sedition
               ,
               and
               War
               with
               the
               
                 Exiles
                 and
                 Lacedemonians
              
               ,
               r.
               488
            
             
               —
               Their
               other
               Acts
               ,
               434
               ,
               436
               ,
               443
               ,
               524
               r.
               489
               ,
               492
               ,
               500
               ,
               563
            
             
               —
               Their
               other
               War
               with
               the
               Lacedemonians
               ,
               and
               Rout
               ,
               410
               r.
               459
            
             
               —
               Their
               War
               with
               the
               Eleans
               ,
               440
               r.
               497
            
             
               Archenactidae
               ;
               Kings
               of
               the
               
                 Cimmerian
                 Bosphorus
              
               ,
               275
               r.
               303
            
             
               Archagathus
               ;
               Son
               of
               Agathocles
               kills
               Lyciscus
               in
               Africa
               ,
               670
               r.
               749
            
             
               —
               The
               Mutiny
               that
               arose
               thereupon
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               Against
               Agathocles
               ,
               684
               r.
               768
            
             
               
                 —
                 Archagathus
              
               kill'd
               by
               the
               Souldiers
               with
               his
               Brother
               ,
               686
               r.
               769
            
             
               Archelaus
               ;
               King
               of
               Macedon
               ,
               323
               r.
               356
            
             
               —
               His
               Death
               ,
               374
               r.
               416
            
             
               Archidamus
               King
               ;
               of
               his
               Prudence
               in
               the
               Earthquake
               ,
               and
               the
               War
               ,
               248
               r.
               274
            
             
               —
               His
               Acts
               ,
               280
               ,
               282
               ,
               284
               r.
               308
               ,
               311
               ,
               313
            
             
               Archidamus
               Son
               of
               Agesilaus
               his
               Acts
               ,
               488
               ,
               508
               r.
               523
               ,
               545
            
             
               Archeus
               King
               of
               Macedonia
               ,
               397
               ,
               474
               r.
               444
               ,
               550
            
             
               Arginusae
               ,
               348
               r.
               384
            
             
               —
               The
               Sea-Fight
               at
               the
               Islands
               of
               Arginusae
               ,
               between
               the
               Athenians
               and
               the
               
                 Spartans
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               Argivi
               ;
               their
               War
               with
               the
               Mycenians
               ,
               249
               r.
               275
            
             
               —
               With
               the
               Lacedemonians
               ,
               319
               r.
               352
            
             
               —
               The
               lamentable
               Sedition
               at
               Argos
               ,
               296
               r.
               327
            
             
               —
               Another
               dreadful
               Sedition
               at
               Argos
               ,
               call'd
               the
               
                 Scytalisme
                 ,
                 432
                 r.
              
               487
            
             
               —
               Another
               War
               with
               the
               Lacedemonians
               ,
               493
               r.
               528
            
             
               —
               Another
               Sedition
               .
               635
               r.
               705
            
             
               Argyraspides
               ;
               their
               age
               ,
               and
               Valour
               ,
               625
               ,
               626
               r.
               693
               ,
               694
            
             
               —
               Their
               treachery
               towards
               Eumenes
               ,
               and
               their
               just
               Punishment
               ,
               628
               ,
               629
               r.
               696
               ,
               697
            
             
               Aristides
               ;
               the
               Athenian
               General
               at
               Platea
               ,
               against
               Mardonius
               ,
               231
               r.
               258
            
             
               —
               His
               eminent
               Justice
               ,
               239
               r
               266
            
             
               Aristophanes
               ;
               his
               Verses
               of
               Pericles
               ,
               274
               r.
               307
            
             
               Aristotiles
               ;
               the
               Philosopher
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               Learnedst
               Grecians
               ,
               263
               r.
               291
            
             
               Armenia
               ;
               r.
               330
            
             
               —
               The
               Snowy
               Mountains
               ,
               the
               danger
               of
               the
               Grecians
               there
               ,
               370
               r.
               411
            
             
               Arridaeus
               ;
               made
               King
               in
               the
               room
               of
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               is
               murder'd
               by
               Olympias
               ,
               612
               r.
               676
            
             
               —
               His
               royal
               Burial
               ,
               630
               r.
               699
            
             
               Arses
               King
               of
               Persia
               murder'd
               by
               Bagoas
               ,
               together
               with
               his
               Children
               ,
               603
               r.
               564
            
             
               Artabanus
               murders
               Xerxes
               ,
               251
               r.
               278
            
             
               —
               Is
               kill'd
               ,
               upon
               his
               Attempt
               to
               murder
               
                 Artaxerxes
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               Artabazus
               ;
               the
               Persian
               General
               against
               Datames
               ,
               447
               r.
               505
            
             
               —
               Rebels
               against
               the
               Persian
               King
               ,
               462
               r.
               527
            
             
               —
               Is
               restor'd
               to
               the
               Kings
               favour
               by
               Mentor
               ,
               502
               r.
               538
            
             
               Artaxerxes
               succeeds
               Xerxes
               ,
               251
               r.
               278
            
             
               —
               His
               War
               with
               the
               Egyptians
               ,
               253
               ,
               &c.
               r.
               280
               ,
               281
               ,
               282
            
             
               —
               With
               the
               Athenians
               at
               Cyprus
               ,
               265
               r.
               292
            
             
               —
               His
               other
               Acts
               ,
               266
               r.
               293
            
             
               —
               His
               Peace
               with
               the
               Lacedemonians
               ,
               273
               r.
               301
            
             
               —
               His
               Death
               ,
               289
               r.
               319
            
             
               
                 Artaxerxes
                 II.
                 Mnemon
              
               ,
               succeeded
               Darius
               the
               second
               ,
               353
               r.
               389
            
             
               —
               His
               War
               with
               the
               King
               of
               Egypt
               ,
               and
               the
               Grecians
               ,
               446
               r.
               504
            
             
               —
               War
               with
               his
               Brother
               Cyrus
               ,
               365
               ,
               367
               368
               r.
               405
               ,
               407
               ,
               408
            
             
               —
               His
               War
               with
               Evagoras
               ,
               399
               ,
               410
               r.
               447
               ,
               459
            
             
               —
               His
               Death
               ,
               482
               r.
               506
            
             
               Asia
               ;
               the
               Description
               ,
               575
               r.
               629
            
             
               Astrology
               ;
               
               Meton's
               Circle
               of
               19
               years
               ,
               call'd
               Enneadeceterides
               ,
               277
               r.
               305
            
             
               Asphaltes
               ;
               the
               Lake
               Asphaltes
               ,
               651
               r.
               724
            
             
               —
               The
               Description
               of
               Pitch
               ,
               and
               how
               it
               's
               gather'd
               ,
               652
               r.
               725
            
             
               
               Atalanta
               ;
               Vid.
               Island
               .
            
             
               Athenians
               ;
               their
               City
               burnt
               by
               Xerxes
               ,
               223
               r.
               250
            
             
               —
               Their
               Walls
               rebuilt
               by
               the
               Policy
               of
               Themistocles
               ,
               236
               r.
               263
            
             
               —
               Gain
               the
               Dominion
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               239
               r.
               266
            
             
               —
               Aid
               the
               Rebels
               in
               Egypt
               ,
               and
               overcome
               the
               Persians
               ,
               252
               ,
               253
               r.
               279
               ,
               280
            
             
               —
               Their
               War
               with
               the
               Corinthians
               and
               Egeans
               ,
               253
               ,
               255
               r.
               282
               ,
               283
            
             
               —
               Their
               remarkable
               Victory
               at
               Tanagra
               ,
               over
               the
               Thebans
               ,
               257
               r.
               284
            
             
               —
               Their
               flourishing
               Condition
               after
               the
               War
               with
               Xerxes
               ,
               263
               ,
               264
               r.
               291
               ,
               292
            
             
               —
               The
               Peloponnesian
               War
               ,
               277
               r.
               305
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               —
               Their
               Expedition
               into
               Sicily
               ,
               284
               ,
               285
               r.
               313
               ,
               314
            
             
               —
               Their
               Fight
               and
               Rout
               in
               the
               Battel
               with
               the
               Beotians
               ,
               290
               r.
               321
            
             
               —
               Their
               Expedition
               into
               Thrace
               ,
               against
               Brasidias
               ,
               292
               r.
               323
            
             
               Their
               Cruelty
               with
               the
               
                 Scyonians
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               —
               Their
               second
               Expedition
               into
               Sicily
               ,
               300
               227
               r.
               328
               ,
               332
            
             
               —
               They
               besiege
               Syracuse
               ,
               302
               r.
               334
            
             
               —
               Their
               Victory
               at
               Sea
               ,
               303
               r.
               335
            
             
               —
               Beaten
               at
               Sea
               ,
               307
               r.
               339
            
             
               —
               Their
               Ruin
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               307
               r.
               340
            
             
               —
               And
               their
               misery
               there
               ,
               314
               r.
               347
            
             
               The
               Government
               of
               400
               in
               Athens
               ,
               315
               r.
               348
            
             
               —
               Are
               overcome
               by
               the
               
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               —
               Their
               Victory
               against
               Callicratides
               ,
               349
               r.
               385
            
             
               —
               Their
               unjust
               Judgment
               against
               their
               Captains
               ,
               350
               r.
               386
            
             
               —
               Their
               Ruin
               at
               
                 Egos
                 Potamos
              
               ,
               352
               r.
               388
            
             
               —
               The
               taking
               of
               their
               City
               by
               Lysander
               ,
               353
               r.
               389
            
             
               —
               The
               Thirty
               Tyrants
               of
               Athens
               ,
               357
               r.
               396
               r.
               397
            
             
               —
               The
               War
               with
               the
               Tyrants
               ,
               373
               r.
               414
            
             
               —
               Their
               Ejection
               ,
               ibid
            
             
               —
               Ten
               others
               set
               up
               in
               their
               room
               prove
               as
               as
               bad
               as
               they
               ,
               374
               r.
               415
            
             
               
                 —
                 Athens
              
               wall'd
               again
               ,
               393
               r.
               442
            
             
               —
               They
               stir
               up
               the
               Cities
               against
               Sparta
               ,
               419
               r.
               471
               ,
               471
            
             
               —
               The
               Beotian
               War
               ,
               and
               their
               Expedition
               into
               Beotia
               ,
               420
               r.
               472
            
             
               —
               How
               the
               league
               with
               Sparta
               is
               broken
               after
               the
               Peace
               of
               
                 Antilcida
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               
                 —
                 A
              
               new
               War
               with
               Sparta
               .
               The
               first
               Victory
               (
               after
               their
               loss
               at
               Egos-Potamos
               )
               against
               the
               Spartans
               at
               Naxos
               in
               a
               Sea-fight
               ,
               422
               r.
               475
            
             
               —
               Their
               Expedition
               into
               Corcyra
               ,
               and
               Victory
               over
               the
               Spartans
               ,
            
             
               —
               They
               assist
               the
               Spartans
               ,
               their
               implacable
               Enemies
               ,
               against
               the
               Thebans
               by
               Iphicrates
               ,
               435
               ,
               437
               r.
               490
               ,
               493
            
             
               —
               Are
               routed
               by
               Philip
               ,
               478
               r.
               511
            
             
               —
               Their
               Acts
               in
               the
               Social
               War
               ,
               485
               r.
               521
            
             
               —
               Their
               War
               with
               Philip
               ,
               503
               r.
               539
            
             
               —
               The
               Battel
               at
               Chaeronea
               ,
               where
               they
               are
               overcome
               by
               Philip
               ,
               516
               r.
               555
            
             
               —
               Their
               War
               with
               Antipater
               ,
               578
               r.
               633
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               —
               Their
               City
               given
               up
               to
               Antipater
               ,
               and
               garison'd
               by
               him
               ,
               581
               r.
               637
            
             
               —
               Their
               Democracy
               restor'd
               ,
               602
               r.
               662
            
             
               
                 —
                 Antigonus
              
               and
               Demetrius
               honour'd
               by
               them
               ,
               677
               r.
               757
            
             
               Athenae
               ;
               a
               University
               for
               the
               Liberal
               Arts
               and
               Sciences
               ,
               311
               r.
               344
            
             
               Attica
               ;
               wasted
               by
               Xerxes
               ,
               223
               r.
               250
            
             
               —
               By
               Mardonius
               ,
               230
               r.
               257
            
             
               —
               By
               the
               Spartans
               ,
               280
               ,
               284
               r.
               308
               ,
               309
               ,
               r.
               313
               ,
               314
            
             
               Atho
               ;
               Mount
               Atho
               digg'd
               thro'
               by
               
               Xerxes's
               Army
               ,
               310
               r.
               343
            
             
               Augurs
               ;
               a
               superstitious
               Observation
               of
               Augurs
               ,
               the
               occasion
               of
               the
               Ruin
               of
               the
               Athenians
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               305
               r.
               337
            
             
               —
               Shew'd
               to
               Philomelus
               ,
               489
               r.
               524
            
             
               —
               Portending
               the
               death
               of
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               571
               r.
               623
            
             
               Axiotheca
               ;
               the
               Wife
               of
               Nicocles
               murders
               her self
               and
               her
               whole
               Family
               ,
               665
               r.
               743
            
          
           
             
               B.
               
            
             
               
                 Babylon
                 ;
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               his
               first
               Entry
               into
               Babylon
               ,
               548
               r.
               596
            
             
               —
               His
               second
               and
               last
               ,
               where
               he
               died
               ,
               570
               r.
               622
            
             
               Babylonia
               ;
               the
               Province
               of
               Arcon
               ,
               574
               r.
               628
            
             
               —
               It
               s
               Scituation
               ,
               576
               r.
               630
            
             
               
                 —
                 Antipater
              
               allotted
               it
               to
               Seleucus
               ,
               590
               r.
               648
            
             
               Bactria
               ;
               Conquer'd
               by
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               The
               Province
               of
               Philip
               ,
               574
               r.
               628
            
             
               —
               The
               Scituation
               ,
               576
               r.
               630
            
             
               Bagistama
               ;
               a
               fruitful
               Country
               ,
               r.
               621
            
             
               Bagoas
               the
               Eunuch
               ,
               colleague
               with
               Mentor
               in
               Egypt
               ,
               499
               ,
               500
               r.
               535
               ,
               536
            
             
               —
               Destroys
               Ochus
               and
               all
               his
               Family
               ,
               501
               r.
               537
            
             
               —
               How
               he
               was
               punished
               ,
               502
               r.
               564
            
             
               Belus
               ;
               his
               Sepulchre
               ,
               repair'd
               by
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               570
               r.
               622
            
             
               Bessus
               ;
               treacherously
               murders
               Darius
               ,
               and
               stirs
               up
               the
               Bactrians
               against
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               552
               r.
               601
            
             
               —
               Punished
               by
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               556
               r.
               606
            
             
               Beotians
               ;
               whence
               so
               call'd
               ,
               r.
               696
            
             
               —
               Their
               War
               with
               the
               Plateans
               ,
               280
               r.
               308
            
             
               —
               With
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               290
               321
            
             
               —
               With
               the
               Phoceans
               ,
               and
               Lacedemonians
               ,
               393
               ,
               394
               ,
               395
               r.
               439
               ,
               441
               ,
               442
            
             
               —
               The
               Beotian
               War
               against
               the
               Lacedemonians
               to
               the
               end
               ,
               414
               r.
               465
               ,
               466
            
             
               —
               Overcome
               by
               Philomelus
               ,
               491
               r.
               526
            
             
               —
               By
               Onomarchus
               ,
               493
               r.
               528
            
             
               —
               They
               overcome
               Phayllus
               at
               
                 Orchomenus
                 ,
                 Cephissus
              
               ,
               and
               Chaeronea
               ,
               504
               r.
               541
            
             
               —
               Overcome
               by
               Leosthenes
               ,
               578
               r.
               633
            
             
               
               —
               Join
               with
               Antigonus
               ,
               642
               r.
               713
            
             
               Boeotarchs
               ,
               431
               r.
               485
            
             
               Bomilcar
               ;
               his
               Ambition
               ,
               661
               r.
               737
            
             
               —
               Invades
               the
               Soveraignty
               over
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               674
               r.
               754
            
             
               —
               His
               Conflict
               with
               the
               Citizens
               ,
               675
               r.
               755
            
             
               —
               His
               punishment
               ,
               676
               〈◊〉
               .
               756
            
             
               
                 Bucephalus
                 ;
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               his
               Horse
               ,
               his
               properties
               ,
               554
               r.
               603
            
             
               —
               Is
               taken
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               Built
               a
               City
               in
               India
               call'd
               Bucephala
               ,
               in
               memory
               of
               his
               Horse
               ,
               564
               r.
               612
            
             
               Bura
               and
               Helice
               drown'd
               ,
               two
               Cities
               in
               Greece
               ,
               428
               r.
               481
            
             
               Buildings
               ;
               Stately
               Buildings
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               514
               r.
               553
            
             
               Burial
               ;
               the
               remarkable
               love
               of
               a
               Wife
               to
               her
               Husband
               at
               his
               Funeral
               ,
               622
               r.
               689
            
             
               Bees
               make
               their
               Honey
               Combs
               in
               the
               Hipps
               of
               Agathocles
               his
               Statue
               ,
               607
               r.
               671
            
             
               Byzantians
               ,
               their
               Expedition
               into
               Bithynia
               ,
               and
               Cruelty
               ,
               297
               r.
               328
            
             
               —
               The
               City
               taken
               by
               the
               Athenians
               by
               Treachery
               ,
               but
               not
               without
               Blows
               ,
               331
               r.
               366
            
          
           
             
               C.
               
            
             
               Cadmus
               ;
               the
               first
               King
               of
               Thebes
               ,
               271
               r.
               300
            
             
               Cadmea
               ;
               the
               Cittadel
               of
               Thebes
               taken
               by
               the
               Spartans
               ,
               416
               r.
               467
            
             
               —
               Recover'd
               ,
               418
               r.
               470
            
             
               Callantineans
               ;
               their
               War
               with
               Lysimachus
               ,
               640
               r.
               711
            
             
               Callicrates
               ;
               his
               Sea-Fight
               with
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               305
               ,
               349
               r.
               373
               ,
               385
            
             
               Camillus
               ;
               overcomes
               the
               
                 Volsci
                 ,
                 Equi
              
               ,
               and
               the
               Gauls
               ,
               406
               r.
               456
            
             
               Campanians
               ;
               assist
               Dionysius
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               330
               r.
               364
            
             
               —
               Are
               Rooted
               out
               of
               Sicily
               by
               Timoleon
               ,
               514
               r.
               553
            
             
               Cappadocia
               ;
               the
               Province
               of
               Eumenes
               ,
               574
               r.
               628
            
             
               —
               It
               s
               Situation
               ,
               576
               r.
               630
            
             
               Carducians
               ;
               the
               hardships
               of
               the
               Grecians
               through
               their
               Countrey
               ,
               370
               r.
               411
            
             
               —
               The
               Mountains
               there
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Caria
               ;
               its
               Situation
               ,
               576
               r.
               630
            
             
               —
               The
               Province
               of
               Cassander
               ,
               574
               r.
               628
            
             
               Carmania
               ;
               the
               Province
               of
               Tlepolimus
               ,
               574
               r.
               628
            
             
               —
               It
               s
               Situation
               ,
               576
               r.
               630
            
             
               Carrhae
               ;
               Villages
               in
               Mesopotamia
               ,
               569
               r.
               621
            
             
               Carthaginians
               ;
               their
               numerous
               Forces
               brought
               into
               Sicily
               as
               Confederats
               with
               Xerxes
               ,
               225
               r.
               252
            
             
               —
               Their
               miserable
               slaughter
               at
               Himera
               ,
               by
               Gelo
               ,
               227
               r.
               254
            
             
               —
               Their
               Cruelty
               and
               Impiety
               in
               the
               Sacking
               of
               Selinunt
               ,
               327
               r.
               361
            
             
               —
               And
               after
               ,
               of
               Himera
               ,
               330
               r.
               364
            
             
               —
               Their
               War
               with
               Dionysius
               ,
               376
               r.
               418
            
             
               —
               Are
               overcome
               by
               the
               Syracusians
               ,
               385
               r.
               430
            
             
               —
               Their
               Navy
               damag'd
               by
               Dionysius
               ,
               391
               r.
               434
            
             
               —
               A
               grievous
               Plague
               amongst
               them
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               The
               burning
               of
               their
               Fleet
               ,
               390
               r.
               435
            
             
               —
               Another
               Expedition
               into
               Sicily
               ,
               against
               Dionysius
               ,
               398
               r.
               445
            
             
               —
               Another
               War
               with
               him
               ,
               414
               r.
               465
            
             
               —
               Plague
               and
               Pannick
               fears
               ,
               418
               r.
               469
            
             
               —
               The
               last
               War
               with
               Dionysius
               ,
               439
               r.
               495
            
             
               —
               Another
               Expedition
               against
               Timoleon
               ,
               508
               ,
               512
               r.
               545
               ,
               550
            
             
               —
               Overcome
               by
               Timoleon
               ,
               513
               r.
               551
            
             
               —
               Their
               Expedition
               against
               Agathocles
               ,
               and
               their
               Shipwrack
               ,
               654
               r.
               728
            
             
               —
               The
               manner
               of
               the
               publick
               Mourning
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               Their
               Victory
               at
               Ecnomon
               ,
               656
               r.
               730
            
             
               —
               The
               Terror
               amongst
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               upon
               the
               landing
               of
               Agathocles
               in
               Africa
               ,
               660
               r.
               737
            
             
               —
               Human
               sacrifices
               in
               Africa
               ,
               662
               r.
               739
            
             
               —
               Towns
               taken
               by
               Agathocles
               in
               Africa
               ,
               664
               r.
               741
            
             
               —
               Their
               miserable
               Slaughter
               in
               Assaulting
               Syracuse
               ,
               668
               r.
               747
            
             
               —
               They
               overcome
               Agathocles
               in
               Africa
               ,
               684
               r.
               767
            
             
               —
               The
               Tents
               of
               the
               Carthaginians
               burnt
               by
               chance
               ,
               cause
               a
               great
               terror
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Cassander
               ;
               his
               War
               with
               Olympias
               ,
               622
               r.
               689
            
             
               —
               He
               builds
               Cassandra
               ,
               and
               repairs
               Thebes
               ,
               630
               r.
               699
            
             
               —
               Uses
               Rhoxana
               and
               her
               Son
               very
               ill
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               His
               Expedition
               into
               Peloponnesus
               ,
               630
               r.
               699
            
             
               —
               Confederates
               against
               Antigonus
               ,
               632
               r.
               701
            
             
               —
               Another
               Expedition
               into
               Peloponnesus
               ,
               635
               r.
               705
            
             
               —
               Into
               Illyrium
               ,
               and
               his
               happy
               success
               there
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               Into
               Cario
               against
               Antigonus
               ,
               and
               his
               good
               success
               there
               ,
               641
               r.
               712
            
             
               —
               His
               War
               with
               the
               Apolloniats
               ,
               648
               r.
               719
            
             
               —
               Wickedly
               murders
               the
               Son
               of
               Alexander
               and
               his
               Mother
               ,
               654
               r.
               728
            
             
               —
               Assumes
               the
               Kingdom
               ,
               680
               r.
               761
            
             
               —
               His
               Expedition
               against
               Antigonus
               ,
               702
               r.
               788
            
             
               Caulonia
               Besieg'd
               and
               raz'd
               ,
               401
               ,
               403
               r.
               449
               ,
               451
            
             
               Cerberus
               ;
               how
               he
               was
               pull'd
               out
               of
               Hell
               by
               Hercules
               ,
               372
               r.
               413
            
             
               Chabrias
               ;
               the
               Athenian
               General
               defends
               Corinth
               against
               the
               Thebans
               ,
               437
               r.
               493
            
             
               —
               Their
               General
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               285
               r.
               314
            
             
               —
               His
               Victory
               at
               Sea
               over
               Pollides
               the
               Spartan
               422
               r.
               475
            
             
               —
               His
               Death
               ,
               423
               r.
               476
            
             
               
                 Charonaea
                 ;
                 Philip
              
               gains
               a
               great
               Victory
               over
               the
               Athenians
               at
               Charonaea
               ,
               516
               555
            
             
               
               Chaldaeans
               ;
               their
               Opinion
               of
               the
               Prodigies
               in
               the
               Heavens
               ,
               429
               r.
               483
            
             
               —
               The
               Nature
               of
               their
               Divinations
               ,
               570
               r.
               622
            
             
               Chares
               ;
               the
               Athenian
               General
               overcomes
               the
               Argives
               ,
               440
               r.
               496
            
             
               —
               His
               Acts
               in
               the
               Social
               War
               ,
               480
               ,
               486
               r.
               514
               ,
               521
            
             
               Charonidas
               ;
               His
               Laws
               ,
               267
               r.
               295
            
             
               Cilicia
               ;
               The
               Province
               of
               Philotas
               ,
               its
               Situation
               ,
               578
               r.
               630
            
             
               Cimon
               ;
               His
               Acts
               in
               
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 Asia
              
               ,
               and
               Victories
               both
               by
               Sea
               and
               Land
               ,
               246
               ,
               247
               ,
               248
               ,
               264
               r.
               272
               ,
               273
               ,
               274
               ,
               292
            
             
               —
               His
               Death
               ,
               265
               r.
               293
            
             
               Clearchus
               ,
               the
               Peloponnesian
               General
               ;
               his
               Acts
               ,
               324
               ,
               362
               ,
               366
               ,
               368
               ,
               369
               r.
               357
               ,
               401
               ,
               406
               ,
               408
               ,
               409
            
             
               Cleombrotus
               ,
               King
               of
               Sparta
               ,
               430
               r.
               484
            
             
               —
               His
               Acts
               and
               Death
               at
               the
               Battel
               of
               Leuctra
               ,
               432
               r.
               486
            
             
               Cleomenes
               ,
               King
               of
               Sparta
               ,
               reign'd
               60
               years
               10
               months
               ,
               668
               r.
               747
            
             
               Cleon
               ;
               his
               Cruelty
               ,
               285
               r.
               314
            
             
               —
               His
               Death
               ,
               292
               r.
               323
            
             
               Cleopatra
               ,
               the
               Sister
               of
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               marry'd
               to
               Alexander
               ,
               King
               of
               Epirus
               ,
               517
               r.
               557
            
             
               —
               Murder'd
               by
               Cassander
               ,
               673
               r.
               753
            
             
               Concubines
               ;
               how
               they
               were
               us'd
               to
               be
               convey'd
               to
               the
               Persian
               Kings
               ,
               247
               r.
               271
            
             
               Conon
               ;
               the
               Athenian
               General
               in
               Corcyra
               ,
               323
               r.
               356
            
             
               —
               His
               Sea-Fight
               with
               the
               Spartans
               ,
               337
               ,
               375
               ,
               392
               ,
               394
               r.
               372
               ,
               417
               ,
               438
               ,
               441
            
             
               —
               He
               builds
               the
               Walls
               of
               Athens
               ,
               and
               is
               cast
               into
               Prison
               ,
               395
               r.
               442
            
             
               Corcyrians
               ;
               their
               War
               with
               the
               Corinthians
               ,
               and
               Victory
               ,
               275
               r.
               303
            
             
               —
               A
               dreadful
               Sedition
               amongst
               them
               ,
               322
               r.
               355
            
             
               —
               Their
               other
               Acts
               ,
               643
               ,
               701
               r.
               714
               ,
               787
            
             
               Corinthians
               ;
               their
               unhappy
               War
               with
               the
               
                 Me
                 gareans
              
               ,
               256
               r.
               283
            
             
               —
               With
               the
               Corcyreans
               ,
               275
               r.
               303
            
             
               —
               Their
               Sedition
               ,
               395
               r.
               442
            
             
               —
               Another
               Sedition
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               Another
               Sedition
               ,
               424
               r.
               477
            
             
               —
               They
               help
               Dion
               the
               Syracusian
               ,
               513
               r.
               480
            
             
               —
               The
               Assembly
               of
               the
               Greeks
               at
               Corinth
               about
               the
               Persian
               War
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Cheronea
               ;
               A
               great
               Battel
               there
               between
               the
               Athenians
               and
               the
               Thebans
               ,
               265
               r.
               293
            
             
               
                 Craterus
                 ,
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               his
               special
               Friend
               ,
               570
               r.
               622
            
             
               —
               Assists
               Antipater
               at
               Lamia
               ,
               581
               r.
               636
            
             
               —
               Against
               the
               Etolians
               ,
               585
               r.
               641
            
             
               —
               His
               Expedition
               against
               Eumenes
               ,
               578
               r.
               633
            
             
               —
               His
               Death
               ,
               587
               r.
               644
            
             
               —
               His
               Burial
               ,
               634
               r.
               703
            
             
               Crotoniats
               ;
               they
               destroy
               the
               Sybarites
               ,
               266
               r.
               294
            
             
               —
               Their
               War
               against
               Dionysius
               ,
               397
               r.
               444
            
             
               
                 Crucifixion
                 ;
                 Daimenes
              
               crucifi'd
               by
               Dionysius
               ,
               382
               r.
               425
            
             
               Cruelty
               ;
               prevented
               by
               a
               prudent
               Speech
               ,
               286
               r.
               315
            
             
               —
               Of
               the
               Spartans
               upon
               the
               
                 Plataeans
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               —
               Of
               the
               Carthaginians
               in
               the
               Sacking
               of
               Selinunt
               ,
               327
               r.
               361
            
             
               —
               Of
               the
               Persians
               towards
               the
               Grecians
               ,
               550
               r.
               599
            
             
               —
               Of
               Antigonus
               upon
               the
               dead
               Body
               of
               Alcetas
               ,
            
             
               —
               Of
               Olympias
               upon
               Arrhidaeus
               and
               Eurydices
               ,
               612
               r.
               676
            
             
               Ctesias
               the
               Historian
               ;
               Where
               he
               ends
               his
               History
               ,
               379
               r.
               421
            
             
               Cyprus
               ;
               the
               War
               with
               Evagoras
               by
               the
               Persians
               ,
               399
               r.
               447
            
             
               —
               The
               War
               between
               Demetrius
               and
               Ptolemy
               for
               this
               Island
               ,
               675
               r.
               757
            
             
               —
               Recover'd
               by
               Demetrius
               ,
               680
               r.
               761
            
             
               Cyreneans
               ;
               a
               lamentable
               Sedition
               at
               Cyrene
               ,
               374
               r.
               415
            
             
               —
               Their
               War
               with
               Thimbro
               ,
               582
               r.
               638
            
             
               —
               Are
               reduc'd
               by
               
               Ptolemy's
               General
               ,
               644
               r.
               715
            
             
               —
               March
               to
               assist
               Agathocles
               ,
               673
               r.
               753
            
             
               Cyrus
               the
               Elder
               ;
               his
               courteous
               Behaviour
               ,
               308
               r.
               341
            
             
               Cyrus
               the
               Younger
               ;
               his
               War
               against
               his
               Brother
               Artaxerxes
               ,
               362
               ,
               365
               ,
               366
               ,
               r.
               401
               ,
               405
               ,
               406
            
             
               —
               His
               Battel
               with
               the
               Persians
               ,
               and
               Death
               ,
               368
               r.
               408
            
             
               —
               The
               Valour
               of
               his
               Captains
               after
               his
               Death
               ,
               361
               r.
               400
            
          
           
             
               D.
               
            
             
               Darius
               ;
               his
               Warlike
               Preparations
               against
               the
               Grecians
               ,
               215
               r.
               242
            
             
               Darius
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Xerxes
               ,
               murder'd
               by
               his
               Brother
               ,
               251
               r.
               278
            
             
               Darius
               ,
               King
               of
               Persia
               ,
               291
               r.
               322
            
             
               Darius
               ;
               the
               last
               made
               King
               by
               Bagoas
               ,
               522
               r
               564
               ,
               565
            
             
               —
               His
               Preparations
               against
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               —
               The
               Battel
               at
               Granicum
               ,
               530
               r.
               573
            
             
               —
               His
               first
               Expedition
               against
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               534
               r.
               578
            
             
               —
               His
               second
               Expedition
               ,
               544
               r.
               590
            
             
               —
               The
               Fight
               at
               Arbela
               ,
               545
               r.
               592
            
             
               —
               Kill'd
               by
               Bissus
               ,
               552
               r.
               601
            
             
               
                 —
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               marries
               his
               Daughter
               ,
               568
               r.
               618
            
             
               Decalia
               ;
               The
               Decalian
               War
               ,
               303
               r.
               335
            
             
               Delphos
               ;
               How
               the
               Oracle
               was
               first
               discover'd
               ,
               488
               r.
               523
            
             
               —
               Why
               an
               old
               Woman
               was
               Priestess
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               
               —
               The
               vast
               Sum
               robb'd
               out
               of
               the
               Temple
               ,
               402
               r.
               450
            
             
               —
               The
               Robbers
               punish'd
               by
               the
               Gods
               ,
               505
               r.
               542
            
             
               Demetrius
               ,
               Governor
               of
               Syria
               ,
               by
               his
               Father
               Antigonus
               ,
               636
               r.
               709
            
             
               —
               His
               Expedition
               against
               Ptolemy
               ,
               644
               r.
               715
            
             
               —
               His
               War
               with
               Ptolemy
               and
               Seleucus
               ;
               Fight
               ,
               and
               Flight
               ,
               646
               r.
               717
            
             
               —
               His
               Beauty
               ,
               644
               r.
               715
            
             
               —
               His
               Expedition
               against
               the
               Nabathaeans
               ,
               652
               r.
               725
            
             
               —
               Into
               Babylonia
               ,
               644
               r.
               715
            
             
               —
               Honour'd
               at
               Athens
               ,
               646
               r.
               757
            
             
               —
               His
               Expedition
               against
               Cyprus
               .
               677
               r.
               757
            
             
               —
               His
               great
               Engines
               in
               Cyprus
               ,
               677
               r.
               758
            
             
               —
               His
               Preparations
               to
               fight
               Ptolemy
               ,
               678
               r.
               759
            
             
               —
               His
               Victory
               ,
               679
               r.
               760
            
             
               —
               The
               great
               Damage
               of
               his
               Fleet
               at
               Gaza
               ,
               640
               r.
               711
            
             
               —
               His
               War
               with
               the
               Rhodians
               ,
               690
               ,
               691
               r.
               774
               ,
               775
            
             
               —
               A
               Description
               of
               his
               Engine
               Helepolis
               ,
               694
               r.
               779
            
             
               —
               His
               War
               with
               Cassander
               ,
               699
               r.
               785
            
             
               —
               His
               Acts
               in
               Asia
               ,
               704
               r.
               791
            
             
               Demosthenes
               ,
               the
               Athenian
               General
               ;
               his
               Acts
               ,
               287
               ,
               290
               ,
               291
               r.
               317
               ,
               321
               ,
               322
            
             
               —
               General
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               304
               r.
               336
            
             
               —
               Is
               taken
               ,
               308
               r.
               341
            
             
               —
               Put
               to
               Death
               ,
               314
               r.
               347
            
             
               Demosthenes
               ,
               the
               Orator
               ,
               503
               ,
               515.
               r.
               539
               ,
               554
            
             
               —
               Stirs
               up
               the
               Athenians
               against
               
                 Philip
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               —
               His
               Banishment
               ,
               579
               r.
               634
            
             
               Deucetius
               ;
               the
               Sicilian
               General
               ,
               254
               r.
               281
            
             
               —
               Builds
               Menaeus
               .
            
             
               —
               His
               War
               with
               the
               Agragentines
               and
               Syracusians
               ,
               353
               r.
               389
            
             
               —
               Builds
               Callatina
               ,
               274
               r.
               302
            
             
               Dimnus
               ;
               a
               Plotter
               to
               kill
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               Kill'd
               by
               the
               King
               's
               own
               hand
               ,
               554
               r.
               604
            
             
               Diocles.
               Vid.
               Laws
               .
            
             
               Diodorus
               the
               Sicilian
               ;
               his
               History
               :
               How
               many
               it
               comprehended
               from
               the
               Ruine
               of
               Troy
               to
               Agathocles
               ,
               607
               r.
               670
            
             
               —
               And
               to
               the
               Death
               of
               Antigonus
               ,
               657
               r.
               733
            
             
               Diomedon
               ,
               the
               Athenian
               General
               ;
               his
               Speech
               when
               he
               was
               most
               unjustly
               led
               to
               Execution
               ,
               305
               r.
               386
            
             
               Dion
               ;
               his
               Preparations
               for
               War
               with
               Dionysius
               ,
               479
               ,
               480
               ,
               481
               r.
               512
               ,
               513
               ,
               515
            
             
               —
               His
               Fight
               with
               Dionysius
               ,
               482
               r.
               516
            
             
               —
               His
               Honours
               at
               Syracuse
               ,
               485
               r.
               520
               ,
               521
            
             
               Dionysius
               ,
               the
               Tyrant
               of
               Sicily
               ;
               his
               Rise
               ,
               344
               ,
               345
               ,
               346
               r.
               380
               ,
               381
               ,
               382
            
             
               —
               Declares
               himself
               Monarch
               ,
               347
               r.
               383
            
             
               —
               His
               Horsemen
               rebel
               ,
               spoil
               the
               Palace
               ,
               and
               abuse
               his
               Wife
               ,
               355
               r.
               392
            
             
               —
               Oppos'd
               by
               the
               Syracusians
               ,
               359
               r.
               398
            
             
               —
               Disswaded
               from
               Abdicating
               the
               Government
               ,
               360
               r.
               399
            
             
               —
               Restor'd
               to
               his
               Government
               in
               Syracuse
               ,
               361
               ,
               r.
               400
            
             
               —
               Walls
               Epipole
               with
               wonderful
               Dispatch
               ,
               365
               ,
               366
               r.
               404
               ,
               405
            
             
               —
               His
               Prepartions
               for
               the
               War
               against
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               376
               ,
               378
               r.
               418
               ,
               420
            
             
               
                 —
                 Theodorus
              
               his
               Speech
               against
               Dionysius
               ,
               in
               his
               presence
               before
               the
               Syracusian
               Assembly
               ,
               386
               r.
               431
            
             
               —
               His
               attempt
               upon
               Rhegium
               ,
               397
               ,
               400
               r.
               444
               ,
               448
            
             
               —
               A
               new
               War
               with
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               399
               r.
               446
            
             
               —
               His
               Poems
               exploded
               at
               the
               Olympick
               Games
               ,
               404
               r.
               452
            
             
               —
               His
               Cruelty
               to
               the
               Rhegians
               ,
               405
               r.
               453
            
             
               —
               He
               sells
               Plato
               ,
               411
               r.
               461
            
             
               —
               His
               other
               Acts
               ,
               413
               ,
               414
               ,
               415
               ,
               437
               r.
               464
               ,
               465
               ,
               466
               ,
               493
            
             
               —
               Dies
               of
               a
               Surfeit
               ,
               439
               ,
               440
               r.
               495
               ,
               496
            
             
               —
               His
               Letter
               to
               the
               sacrilegious
               Athenians
               ,
               504
               r.
               541
            
             
               Dionysius
               ;
               the
               younger
               his
               War
               with
               Dion
               ,
               481
               ,
               532
               r.
               515
               ,
               576
            
             
               —
               Is
               Conquer'd
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               Reigns
               again
               in
               Syracuse
               ,
               509
               r.
               546
            
             
               —
               Abdicates
               the
               Government
               ,
               and
               lives
               a
               private
               life
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Dioxippus
               the
               Athenian
               ;
               his
               famous
               Victory
               in
               a
               Duel
               ,
               over
               Charogus
               the
               Macedonian
               ,
               his
               sad
               Misfortune
               and
               miserable
               Death
               ,
               566
               r.
               615
            
             
               Drangina
               ;
               Conquer'd
               by
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               554
               r.
               704
            
             
               —
               The
               Province
               of
               Stasanor
               ,
               574
               r.
               628
            
             
               Duel
               ;
               between
               Coragus
               the
               Macedonian
               ,
               and
               Dioxippus
               the
               Athenian
               ,
               566
               ,
               568
               r.
               615
               ,
               618
            
             
               —
               Of
               Darius
               with
               Cadusius
               ,
            
          
           
             
               E.
               
            
             
               
               Erygius's
               Combat
               with
               Sartibarzenes
               ,
               556
               r.
               606
            
             
               
                 —
                 Eumenes
              
               with
               Neoptolemus
               ,
               587
               r.
               644
            
             
               Earthquakes
               at
               Sparta
               ,
               244
               r.
               270
            
             
               —
               At
               Rhages
               ,
               627
               r.
               695
            
             
               —
               God
               the
               Cause
               of
               Earthquakes
               ,
               418
               r.
               48●
            
             
               Eleans
               ;
               their
               Commigration
               ,
               243
               r.
               269
            
             
               —
               Their
               War
               with
               the
               Lacedemonians
               ,
               365
               r.
               404
            
             
               —
               With
               the
               Arcadians
               ,
               and
               Pisatae
               ,
               440
               r.
               497
            
             
               —
               Join
               with
               the
               Athenians
               in
               the
               Lamian
               War
               ,
               578
               r.
               633
            
             
               
               
                 —
                 Elis
              
               Conquer'd
               by
               Telephorus
               ,
               648
               r.
               719
            
             
               Epaminondas
               ;
               his
               Praise
               ,
               424
               r.
               477
            
             
               —
               The
               Theban
               General
               ,
               430
               r.
               484
            
             
               —
               His
               Valour
               in
               the
               Battel
               at
               Leuctra
               ,
               435
               r.
               490
            
             
               —
               Rebuilds
               Messina
               ,
               435
               r.
               491
            
             
               —
               Besieges
               Corinth
               ,
               436
               r.
               493
            
             
               —
               Preserves
               the
               Army
               ,
               437
               r.
               494
            
             
               —
               His
               Acts
               in
               Peloponnesus
               ,
            
             
               —
               His
               other
               Acts
               ,
               441
               ,
               443
               ,
               362
               r.
               498
               ,
               500
               ,
               401
            
             
               —
               His
               Valour
               at
               Mantinea
               ,
               and
               Deaths
               wound
               ,
               445
               r.
               503
            
             
               —
               Was
               a
               Pythagorean
               ,
               and
               Fellow-Schollar
               with
               Philip
               King
               of
               Macedon
               ,
               477
               r.
               510
            
             
               —
               Regardless
               of
               Auguries
               ,
               430
               r.
               484
               ,
               485
            
             
               —
               His
               Sayings
               at
               the
               time
               he
               lay
               a
               dying
               ,
               445
               r.
               503
            
             
               Ephori
               ;
               the
               Great
               Court
               at
               Sparta
               that
               over-ruled
               the
               Kings
               ,
               639
               r.
               709
            
             
               Epidamnus
               ;
               The
               sedition
               there
               ,
               275
               r.
               303
            
             
               Evagoras
               endeavors
               to
               recover
               all
               Cyprus
               ,
               399
               r.
               447
            
             
               —
               His
               War
               with
               Artaxerxes
               ,
               411
               r.
               460
            
             
               —
               Kill'd
               by
               Nieucoles
               ,
               428
               r.
               482
            
             
               Euboea
               ;
               Subdu'd
               by
               Xerxes
               ,
               222
               r.
               249
            
             
               —
               The
               intestine
               War
               ,
               480
               r.
               513
            
             
               Eumelus
               ;
               King
               of
               Bosphoros
               ,
               his
               War
               with
               his
               Brother
               for
               the
               Kingdom
               ,
               665
               r.
               743
            
             
               —
               Overcomes
               his
               Brother
               Prytanis
               ,
               667
               r.
               744
            
             
               —
               Kill'd
               by
               his
               Horses
               running
               away
               with
               his
               Chariot
               ,
               667
               r.
               745
            
             
               Eumenes
               ;
               Governor
               of
               Cappadocia
               ,
               581
               r.
               635
            
             
               —
               His
               Expedition
               against
               Antipater
               ,
               587
               r.
               643
            
             
               —
               His
               Battel
               with
               Craterus
               and
               Neoptolemus
               ,
               and
               Victory
               ,
               587
               r.
               644
            
             
               —
               Is
               overcome
               by
               Antigonus
               ,
               and
               besieg'd
               ,
               591
               r.
               649
            
             
               —
               His
               Exercise
               of
               his
               Horses
               in
               the
               Siege
               ,
               589
               r.
               649
            
             
               —
               His
               various
               Fortunes
               ,
               596
               r.
               655
            
             
               —
               His
               other
               Acts
               ,
               598
               ,
               &c.
               r.
               653
               ,
               659
            
             
               —
               His
               danger
               at
               Euphrates
               ,
               604
               r.
               667
            
             
               —
               His
               Expedition
               against
               Seleucus
               ,
               612
               r.
               677
            
             
               —
               His
               danger
               at
               
                 Tigris
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               —
               His
               other
               Acts
               ,
               613
               ,
               614
               ,
               616
               ,
               617
               ,
               &c.
               r.
               678
               ,
               680
               ,
               682
               ,
               683
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               —
               His
               last
               Battel
               with
               Antigonus
               ,
               625
               r.
               693
            
             
               —
               Deliver'd
               up
               to
               Antigonus
               and
               put
               so
               death
               626
               r.
               694
            
             
               Euripides
               ;
               His
               death
               ,
               351
               r.
               387
            
             
               Eurydice
               ;
               The
               Wife
               of
               Archidaeus
               ,
               590
               r.
               648
            
             
               —
               Hangs
               herself
               ,
               612
               r.
               676
            
             
               Eloquence
               .
               See
               Gorgias
               .
            
          
           
             
               F.
               
            
             
               Fabii
               ;
               Three
               Hundred
               of
               the
               Family
               kill'd
               together
               in
               one
               Battel
               243
               r.
               269
            
             
               Famine
               ;
               At
               Athens
               in
               a
               Siege
               ,
               353
               r.
               389
            
             
               —
               At
               Rhegium
               ,
               320
               r.
               353
            
             
               —
               At
               Pydna
               ,
               where
               Olympias
               was
               besieg'd
               629
               r.
               697
            
             
               Feast
               ;
               By
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               before
               his
               Persian
               Expedition
               ,
               527
               r.
               570
            
             
               Fountain
               ;
               at
               the
               Temple
               of
               
                 Jupiter
                 Hammon
              
               of
               a
               Wonderful
               Nature
               ,
               543
               r.
               589
            
             
               Fortune
               ;
               hates
               the
               Proud
               and
               Cruel
               ,
               308
               r.
               341
            
             
               —
               The
               wonderful
               Turns
               in
               Eumenes
               ,
               5●6
               r.
               655
            
             
               —
               In
               Agathocles
               ,
               662
               ,
               670
               ,
               678
               r.
               739
               ,
               749
               ,
               759
            
             
               —
               In
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               662
               ,
               668
               r.
               739
               ,
               746
            
             
               —
               Of
               a
               Gardner
               makes
               a
               King
               ,
               541
               r.
               587
            
             
               Funeral
               ;
               the
               sumptuous
               Funeral
               of
               Hephestion
               571
               r.
               623
            
             
               —
               Far
               more
               pompous
               of
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               586
               r.
               642
            
             
               —
               Burnt
               with
               their
               dead
               Husbands
               in
               India
               ,
               562
               r.
               610
            
             
               —
               A
               Contest
               between
               two
               Wives
               which
               should
               be
               burnt
               with
               the
               dead
               Husband
               ,
               622
               r.
               689
            
          
           
             
               G.
               
            
             
               Gauls
               ;
               Take
               Rome
               ,
               406
               r.
               455
            
             
               —
               Are
               almost
               all
               cut
               of
               by
               Camillus
               ,
               407
               r.
               456
            
             
               Geloans
               ;
               they
               leave
               the
               City
               Gela
               and
               go
               to
               Syracuse
               ,
               264
               r.
               292
            
             
               —
               Then
               to
               the
               Leontines
               ,
               358
               r.
               397
            
             
               Gela
               besieg'd
               by
               the
               Syracusians
               ,
               609
               r.
               672
            
             
               —
               The
               Cruelty
               of
               Agathocles
               at
               Gela
               ,
               655
               r.
               729
            
             
               Gellias
               the
               Agragentine
               ;
               his
               Wealth
               ,
               Hospitality
               ,
               Beauty
               ,
               &c.
               340
               r.
               375
            
             
               —
               His
               Wine-Cellar
               ,
               341
               r.
               376
            
             
               —
               His
               Death
               ,
               343
               r.
               379
            
             
               Gelo
               ;
               overcomes
               the
               Carthaginians
               at
               Himera
               ,
               227
               r.
               253
            
             
               —
               His
               Praise
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               His
               Victory
               ,
               and
               the
               Death
               of
               Leonidas
               ,
               fall
               out
               both
               on
               the
               same
               day
               227
               r.
               255
            
             
               —
               Inriches
               Sicily
               with
               the
               Spoils
               of
               his
               Enemies
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               His
               Death
               ,
               Burial
               ,
               &c.
               235
               ,
               249
               r.
               262
               ,
               276
            
             
               God
               ;
               God
               defends
               the
               Greeks
               against
               Xerxes
               ,
               222
               r.
               249
            
             
               —
               His
               Anger
               the
               Cause
               of
               all
               publick
               Calamities
               ,
               as
               Earthquakes
               ,
               &c.
               428
               r.
               482
            
             
               —
               His
               Revenge
               of
               Sacrilege
               ,
               505
               ,
               506
               ,
               508
               r.
               542
               ,
               543
               ,
               545
            
             
               —
               Remarks
               of
               Divine
               Providence
               ,
               508
               ,
               514
               ,
               r.
               545
               ,
               553
               ,
               769
            
             
               
               Gorgias
               ;
               the
               Leontine
               his
               Eloquence
               and
               invented
               Rhetorick
               ,
               284
               r.
               313
            
             
               Grecians
               ;
               their
               Assembly
               and
               Decree
               at
               the
               Isthmus
               against
               the
               Persians
               ,
               216
               r.
               243
            
             
               —
               Their
               Valour
               at
               Thermopyle
               ,
               219
               r.
               246
            
             
               —
               The
               Sea-Fight
               and
               Victory
               at
               Artemesia
               over
               the
               Persians
               ,
               222
               r.
               249
            
             
               —
               At
               Salamis
               ;
               223
               r.
               250
            
             
               —
               Their
               Expedition
               against
               Mardonis
               and
               their
               Fight
               with
               him
               231
               r.
               258
            
             
               —
               The
               
                 Grecian
                 Auxiliaries
              
               against
               Artaxerxes
               for
               Cyrus
               his
               Brother
               are
               Victors
               ,
               368
               r.
               408
            
             
               —
               The
               Grecian
               Captains
               that
               were
               prisoners
               all
               put
               to
               Death
               ,
               369
               r.
               410
            
             
               —
               Their
               troublesome
               passage
               out
               of
               Persia
               back
               into
               their
               own
               Country
               ,
               370
               ,
               371
               ,
               471
               r.
               411
               ,
               412
               ,
               413
            
             
               —
               The
               Grecian
               Cities
               confederate
               against
               the
               Lacedemonians
               in
               the
               Theban
               War
               ,
               419
               r.
               471
            
             
               —
               The
               Grecians
               advis'd
               to
               Peace
               amongst
               themselves
               by
               Artaxerxes
               ,
               438
               r.
               494
            
             
               —
               Peace
               after
               the
               Battel
               at
               Mantinea
               ,
               446
               r.
               504
            
             
               —
               Their
               War
               at
               Lamia
               with
               Antipater
               ,
               496
               r.
               631
            
             
               Gylippus
               ;
               his
               severe
               Speech
               against
               the
               Athenian
               Prisoners
               in
               Sicily
               .
               See
               Speech
               .
            
             
               Gold
               ;
               the
               Sacred
               Hunger
               of
               Gold
               ,
               492
               r.
               527
            
             
               —
               Rich
               Mines
               at
               Philippi
               ,
               480
               r.
               514
            
             
               Gulf
               ;
               a
               deep
               Gulf
               cover'd
               with
               Sand
               in
               Egypt
               ,
               498
               r.
               534
            
          
           
             
               H.
               
            
             
               Halicarnassus
               ;
               Taken
               by
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               531
               ,
               532
               r.
               574
               ,
               576
            
             
               Hammon
               ;
               the
               Temple
               of
               Hammon
               ,
               542
               ,
               543
               r.
               588
               ,
               589
            
             
               Hannibal
               ;
               the
               Carthaginian
               General
               against
               the
               Syracusians
               ,
               319
               r.
               352
            
             
               —
               Razes
               Selinunt
               ,
               327
               r.
               361
            
             
               —
               Dies
               of
               the
               Plague
               ,
               341
               r.
               377
            
             
               Harpalas
               ;
               his
               Luxury
               and
               Rapes
               ,
               569
               r.
               619
            
             
               Helepolis
               ;
               an
               Engine
               of
               Battery
               us'd
               by
               Demetrius
               describ'd
               ,
               677
               ,
               694
               r.
               758
               ,
               779
            
             
               Helice
               and
               Bura
               ;
               two
               Cities
               drown'd
               ,
               428
               r.
               482
            
             
               Hephestion
               dies
               at
               Ecbatana
               :
               His
               Funeral
               ,
               623
               r.
               571
            
             
               Hercules
               ;
               the
               ancient
               Hercules
               :
               His
               Acts
               ,
               557
               ,
               564
               r.
               607
               ,
               613
            
             
               Hermocrates
               ;
               his
               Acts
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               330
               r.
               364
            
             
               —
               Is
               slain
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Hicetas
               ,
               Prince
               of
               Syracuse
               ,
               ejected
               by
               Dionysius
               Junior
               ,
               508
               r.
               545
            
             
               —
               Overcomes
               Dionysius
               ,
               is
               routed
               by
               Timoleon
               ,
               509
               ,
               511
               r.
               546
               ,
               548
            
             
               Hiero
               ,
               King
               of
               Syracuse
               ,
               235
               r.
               262
            
             
               —
               His
               Acts
               ,
               240
               ,
               241
               ,
               243
               r.
               267
               ,
               268
               ,
               269
            
             
               —
               Builds
               Catana
               ,
               240
               r.
               267
            
             
               Hilotes
               ;
               their
               War
               with
               Sparta
               ,
               248
               ,
               290
               r.
               274
               ,
               320
            
             
               Himera
               ;
               raz'd
               to
               the
               Ground
               by
               Hannibal
               ,
               328
               r.
               362
            
             
               Historians
               ;
               who
               are
               to
               be
               Blam'd
               ,
               and
               who
               Excusable
               ,
               244
               r.
               380
            
             
               —
               Who
               end
               with
               the
               Battel
               at
               Mantinea
               ,
               446
               r.
               504
            
             
               —
               Unpleasant
               ,
               when
               broken
               off
               with
               many
               Speeches
               ,
               657
               r.
               733
            
             
               —
               The
               Profit
               of
               History
               ,
               583
               r.
               639
            
             
               Honey
               in
               Colchis
               ;
               makes
               Men
               mad
               ,
               371
               r.
               412
            
             
               Horses
               ;
               how
               exercis'd
               by
               Eumenes
               when
               he
               besieg'd
               in
               a
               strait
               Place
               .
               See
               Exercise
               .
            
          
           
             
               I.
               
            
             
               Japygians
               ;
               Overcome
               the
               Tarentines
               ,
               241
               r.
               268
            
             
               Jason
               ,
               the
               Pherean
               ;
               his
               Acts
               ,
               420
               ,
               432
               ,
               433
               r.
               472
               ,
               487
               ,
               488
            
             
               Ida
               ;
               the
               Mountain
               Ida
               describ'd
               ,
               524
               r.
               565
            
             
               —
               The
               Wonders
               there
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Illyrians
               ;
               Overcome
               the
               Macedonians
               ,
               478
               r.
               510
            
             
               —
               Conquer'd
               by
               Philip
               ,
               479
               ,
               486
               r.
               512
               ,
               522
            
             
               Imilco
               ;
               the
               Carthaginian
               General
               in
               Sicily
               :
               his
               Acts
               ,
               380
               ,
               382
               ,
               383
               r.
               423
               ,
               426
               ,
               427
            
             
               —
               His
               Sacrileges
               ,
               385
               r.
               430
            
             
               —
               Looses
               his
               Fleet
               ,
               Army
               ,
               &c.
               391
               r.
               436
            
             
               —
               His
               extream
               Misery
               in
               his
               own
               Country
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               Dies
               for
               want
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Isaurians
               ;
               burn
               themselves
               in
               Pisidia
               ,
               584.
               640
            
             
               India
               ;
               the
               Description
               ,
               576
               r.
               630
            
             
               —
               By
               a
               Law
               among
               the
               Indians
               ,
               the
               Wives
               burn
               themselves
               with
               their
               dead
               Husbands
               ,
               622
               r.
               688
            
             
               Inundations
               ;
               fearful
               Inundations
               in
               Peloponnesus
               ,
               428
               r.
               482
            
             
               —
               And
               in
               other
               Parts
               of
               Greece
               ,
               286
               r.
               316
            
             
               —
               At
               Rhodes
               ,
               627
               r.
               695
            
             
               Iphicrates
               ;
               the
               Athenian
               General
               in
               Egypt
               ,
               425
               r.
               478
            
             
               —
               His
               Acts
               in
               Egypt
               ,
               426
               r.
               479
            
             
               —
               His
               other
               Acts
               ,
               397
               ,
               435
               ,
               486
               r.
               444
               ,
               490
               ,
               521
            
             
               —
               His
               Praise
               ,
               516
               r.
               555
            
             
               Issus
               ;
               the
               Battel
               at
               Issus
               by
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               with
               the
               Persians
               ,
               535
               r.
               579
            
             
               Judges
               in
               Persia
               are
               flea'd
               alive
               ,
               411
               ,
               412
               r.
               462
               ,
               463
            
          
           
             
               L.
               
            
             
               Lacedemon
               ;
               the
               Earthquakes
               at
               Sparta
               ,
               244
               r.
               270
            
             
               —
               Take
               Athens
               ,
               353
               r.
               389
            
             
               —
               Their
               Quarrels
               with
               the
               Eleans
               ,
               365
               r.
               404
            
             
               
               —
               Assist
               Cyrus
               against
               his
               Brother
               ,
               ib.
               367
               r.
               405
               ,
               407
            
             
               —
               Lose
               their
               Dominion
               at
               Sea
               ,
               394
               ,
               r.
               441
            
             
               —
               Overcome
               by
               the
               Athenians
               in
               a
               Sea-fight
               at
               Naxus
               ,
               422
               r.
               475
            
             
               —
               Their
               War
               with
               the
               Argives
               ,
               493
               r.
               528
            
             
               Lamia
               ;
               the
               Story
               of
               Lamia
               ,
               674
               r.
               754
            
             
               Lamia
               ;
               the
               Beginning
               and
               Cause
               of
               the
               Lamian
               War
               ,
               490
               ,
               576
               r.
               525
               ,
               631
            
             
               Laws
               ;
               Laws
               of
               Charondas
               267
               r.
               295
            
             
               —
               Of
               Zeleucus
               ,
               269
               r.
               298
            
             
               —
               Of
               Diocles
               the
               Syracusian
               ,
               and
               his
               Tragical
               End
               ,
               314
               r.
               347
            
             
               —
               Of
               the
               Twelve
               Tables
               of
               Rome
               ,
               271
               ,
               272
               r.
               300
               ,
               301
            
             
               —
               Confirm'd
               by
               the
               Death
               of
               the
               Legislator
               ,
               270
               ,
               314
               r.
               290
               ,
               347
            
             
               Leonides
               ;
               the
               Spartan
               General
               at
               Thermopyle
               ,
               217
               r.
               244
            
             
               —
               His
               Heroick
               Death
               there
               ,
               220
               r.
               247
            
             
               Leosthines
               ;
               the
               Athenian
               General
               in
               the
               Lamian
               War
               ,
               569
               r.
               621
            
             
               —
               Overcomes
               Antipater
               ,
               579
               r.
               634
            
             
               —
               His
               Death
               ,
               and
               Praise
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Lesbians
               ;
               subdu'd
               by
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               286
               r.
               315
            
             
               Libanus
               ;
               a
               Description
               of
               Mount
               Libanus
               ,
               367
               r.
               407
            
             
               Long
               Life
               of
               Democritus
               ,
               362
               r.
               401
            
             
               Lucanians
               ;
               their
               War
               with
               the
               Thurians
               ,
               and
               remarkable
               Victory
               ,
               400
               r.
               448
            
             
               —
               With
               Dionysius
               the
               younger
               ,
               479
               r.
               512
            
             
               —
               With
               the
               Tarentines
               ,
               701
               r.
               787
            
             
               Lycaonia
               ;
               the
               Situation
               ,
               576
               r.
               630
            
             
               Lydia
               ;
               the
               Province
               of
               Meleager
               ,
               574
               r.
               628
            
             
               —
               The
               Situation
               ,
               576
               r.
               630
            
             
               Lysander
               ;
               the
               Spartan
               General
               against
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               333
               r.
               368
            
             
               —
               His
               Victory
               over
               the
               Athenians
               at
               
                 Aegos
                 Potamos
              
               ,
               352
               r.
               388
            
             
               —
               His
               Death
               ,
               393
               r.
               439
            
             
               Lysimachus
               ;
               one
               of
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               his
               Commanders
               .
            
             
               
                 —
                 Thrace
              
               his
               Province
               ,
               574
               r.
               628
            
             
               —
               Relieves
               the
               Rhodians
               with
               Provision
               ,
               r.
               782
            
             
               —
               Assists
               Cassander
               ,
               702
               r.
               788
            
             
               —
               Stoops
               to
               
                 Antigonus
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               Lysimachia
               built
               ,
               667
               r.
               746
            
          
           
             
               M.
               
            
             
               Macedonians
               ;
               the
               Parricides
               amongst
               the
               Macedonian
               Kings
               ,
               477
               r.
               510
            
             
               —
               Rout
               the
               Greeks
               at
               Charonea
               ,
               516
               r.
               555
            
             
               Mago
               ,
               the
               Carthaginian
               General
               ,
               fights
               with
               Dionysius
               ,
               and
               is
               kill'd
               ,
               414
               r.
               465
            
             
               Mantineans
               ;
               overcome
               by
               the
               Lacedemonians
               ,
               295
               r.
               326
            
             
               —
               The
               City
               Mantinea
               besieg'd
               ,
               and
               taken
               by
               the
               Spartans
               ,
               411
               ,
               413
               r.
               460
               ,
               464
            
             
               —
               The
               Battel
               with
               the
               Tageans
               describ'd
               ,
               445
               r.
               502
               ,
               503
            
             
               —
               Their
               War
               with
               the
               Megalopolites
               ,
               449
               r.
               507
            
             
               Marathon
               ;
               the
               Slaughter
               of
               the
               Persians
               there
               ,
               r.
               242
            
             
               Marmarensians
               ;
               being
               besieg'd
               ,
               burn
               their
               Houses
               ,
               Parents
               ,
               and
               Friends
               ,
               532
               r.
               576
            
             
               Megalopolis
               built
               ,
               439
               r.
               495
            
             
               —
               Their
               War
               with
               the
               Mantineans
               ,
               449
               r.
               507
            
             
               —
               With
               the
               Spartans
               ,
               495
               r.
               530
            
             
               Megara
               ;
               the
               Acts
               of
               the
               Megareans
               ,
               231
               ,
               256
               ,
               265
               r.
               258
               ,
               283
               ,
               293
            
             
               —
               Their
               Sedition
               ,
               r.
               478
            
             
               Mentor
               ,
               the
               Rhodian
               ,
               betrays
               the
               Sidonians
               ,
               496
               r.
               532
            
             
               —
               His
               other
               Acts
               ,
               500
               ,
               &c.
               r.
               536
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Mesopotamia
               ;
               the
               Province
               of
               Arcesilas
               ,
               574
               r.
               628
            
             
               —
               The
               Situation
               ,
               576
               r.
               630
            
             
               Messenians
               ;
               their
               War
               with
               the
               Spartans
               ,
               248
               r.
               274
            
             
               —
               Are
               routed
               out
               of
               Greece
               by
               the
               Spartans
               ,
               374
               r.
               415
            
             
               —
               Their
               Increase
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               392
               r.
               438
            
             
               —
               The
               City
               Messina
               in
               Sicily
               sack'd
               by
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               382
               ,
               383
               ,
               r.
               426
               ,
               427
            
             
               —
               Repair'd
               by
               Dionysius
               ,
               392
               r.
               437
            
             
               —
               They
               assist
               Dion
               ,
               481
               r.
               515
            
             
               —
               The
               City
               gain'd
               by
               Agathocles
               ,
               652
               r.
               726
            
             
               
                 —
                 Messina
              
               in
               Peloponnesus
               rebuilt
               by
               Epaminondas
               ,
               435
               r.
               491
            
             
               Meteors
               ;
               an
               Astrological
               account
               of
               them
               ,
               429
               r.
               483
            
             
               Methon
               ;
               a
               City
               in
               Thrace
               Sack'd
               by
               Philip
               ,
               493
               r.
               528
            
             
               Meton
               ;
               the
               Circle
               of
               19
               years
               call'd
               Enneadeceterides
               ,
               227
               r.
               305
            
             
               Miletum
               ;
               their
               War
               with
               the
               Samians
               ,
               273
               r.
               301
            
             
               —
               Their
               bloody
               Sedition
               ,
               352
               r.
               388
            
             
               Mitylene
               ;
               taken
               by
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               285
               ,
               286
               r.
               314
               ,
               315
            
             
               —
               Their
               Goods
               sold
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               The
               Port
               ,
               340
               r.
               375
            
             
               Motya
               ;
               a
               City
               of
               Sicily
               ,
               r.
               359
            
             
               —
               Taken
               by
               Dionysius
               ,
               373
               ,
               379
               r.
               414
               ,
               422
            
             
               —
               Recover'd
               by
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               382
               r.
               426
            
             
               Munychia
               ;
               Raz'd
               by
               Demetrius
               ,
               676
               r.
               756
            
             
               Muses
               ;
               the
               Games
               of
               the
               Muses
               in
               Macedonia
               ,
               527
               r.
               570
            
             
               Mycale
               ;
               a
               Description
               of
               the
               battel
               at
               Mycale
               ,
               234
               r.
               261
            
             
               Mycenas
               Raz'd
               to
               the
               ground
               by
               the
               Argives
               ,
               249
               r.
               276
            
          
           
             
             
               N.
               
            
             
               
                 Nabathaeans
                 ;
                 Arabians
              
               ,
               their
               Laws
               and
               Manners
               ,
               650
               r.
               722
            
             
               —
               Their
               War
               with
               Demetrius
               ,
               651
               r.
               724
            
             
               Naxus
               ;
               Raz'd
               by
               Dionysius
               ,
               480
               r.
               513
            
             
               Nectanabus
               ;
               King
               of
               Egypt
               ,
               his
               War
               with
               Artaxerxes
               ,
               425
               r.
               478
            
             
               Nectanabus
               ;
               revolts
               from
               his
               Father
               Tachos
               King
               of
               Egypt
               ,
               and
               is
               overcome
               by
               Agesilaus
               ,
               448
               r.
               506
            
             
               —
               Rebells
               against
               Ochus
               ,
               496
               r.
               531
            
             
               Neptune
               ;
               the
               Causer
               of
               all
               Earthquakes
               and
               Innundations
               ,
               429
               r.
               483
            
             
               —
               Priests
               drown'd
               in
               the
               Sea
               offer'd
               to
               him
               ,
               305
               r.
               377
            
             
               Niceas
               ;
               the
               Athenian
               General
               his
               Acts
               ,
               485
               r.
               519
            
             
               —
               His
               Expedition
               into
               Peloponnesus
               ,
               290
               r.
               320
            
             
               —
               His
               great
               misfortunes
               and
               lamentable
               Condition
               in
               Sicily
               307
               ,
               308
               ,
               311
               ,
               312
               r.
               340
               ,
               341
               ,
               344
               ,
               345
            
             
               —
               Is
               put
               to
               death
               ,
               314
               r.
               347
            
             
               Nicocles
               ;
               the
               Cyprian
               ,
               the
               Tragical
               end
               of
               him
               and
               his
               whole
               Family
               ,
               665
               r.
               743
            
             
               Nicolaus
               the
               Syracusian
               ;
               his
               brave
               Speech
               for
               the
               saving
               the
               Athenian
               Captives
               from
               being
               put
               to
               death
               ,
               200
               r.
               241
            
          
           
             
               O.
               
            
             
               Ocean
               ;
               the
               Wonders
               found
               in
               it
               ,
               568
               ,
               569
               r.
               618
               ,
               619
            
             
               Ochus
               ;
               King
               of
               Persia
               succceeds
               Artaxerxes
               ,
               448
               r.
               506
            
             
               —
               His
               Expedition
               against
               Egypt
               ,
               491
               r.
               531
            
             
               —
               His
               Acts
               ,
               498
               534
            
             
               —
               Is
               destroyed
               with
               his
               whole
               Family
               ,
               413
               r.
               564
            
             
               Olympias
               ;
               the
               Mother
               of
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               598
               r.
               658
            
             
               —
               Her
               Return
               out
               of
               Epirus
               into
               Macedonia
               ,
               and
               Cruelty
               towards
               Archidoeus
               and
               Eurydice
               and
               others
               ,
               612
               r.
               676
            
             
               —
               The
               terrible
               Famine
               in
               the
               Siege
               of
               Pydna
               ,
               621
               r.
               697
            
             
               —
               Her
               Accusation
               and
               Death
               ,
               629
               ,
               630
               r.
               698
               ,
               699
            
             
               Olympus
               ;
               the
               Temple
               of
               
                 Jupiter
                 Olympus
              
               ,
               at
               Agrigentum
               ,
               340
               r.
               375
            
             
               —
               Another
               at
               Syracuse
               301
               ,
               514
               r.
               333
               ,
               553
            
             
               Olynthians
               ;
               their
               War
               with
               Amyntas
               King
               of
               Macedon
               ,
               416
               r.
               467
            
             
               —
               Demand
               their
               Land
               again
               ,
               397.
               r.
               444
            
             
               —
               War
               with
               the
               Lacedemonians
               ,
               417
               r.
               468
            
             
               Ophellas
               ;
               Subdues
               the
               Cyrenians
               ,
               583
               r.
               639
            
             
               —
               Joins
               with
               Agathocles
               in
               Africa
               ,
               673
               r.
               753
            
             
               —
               He
               with
               his
               Auxiliaries
               perfidiously
               slain
               by
               Agathocles
               ,
               674
               r.
               754
            
             
               —
               His
               Cruelty
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Oracle
               of
               Dodona
               ,
               439
               r.
               495
            
             
               —
               Of
               Hammon
               ,
               543
               r.
               589
            
             
               Oracles
               deliver'd
               to
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               at
               
                 Hammon
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               —
               To
               the
               Clazomeans
               and
               Cumeans
               ,
               concerning
               Leuca
               ,
            
             
               —
               To
               Dionysius
               of
               his
               death
               ,
               440
               r.
               496
            
             
               —
               To
               Eumelus
               King
               of
               Bosphoros
               of
               his
               death
               ,
               667
               r.
               745
            
             
               —
               To
               the
               Helicenses
               ,
               428
               r.
               482
            
             
               —
               To
               the
               
                 Ionians
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               —
               To
               the
               Lacedemonians
               of
               expiating
               the
               murder
               of
               Pausanias
               ,
               239
               r.
               266
            
             
               —
               To
               the
               Messinians
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               399
               r.
               447
            
             
               —
               To
               Philip
               before
               his
               death
               ,
               517
               r.
               557
            
             
               —
               To
               Philomelus
               ,
               489
               r.
               524
            
             
               —
               To
               Satyrus
               King
               of
               Bosphorus
               ,
               of
               the
               manner
               of
               his
               death
               ,
               667
               r.
               745
            
             
               —
               To
               Seleucus
               by
               the
               Caldeans
               ,
               632
               ,
               649
               r.
               701
               ,
               720
            
             
               —
               To
               the
               Spartans
               of
               the
               Victory
               of
               the
               Thebans
               ,
               241
               ,
               430
               r.
               268
               ,
               485
            
             
               —
               To
               the
               Thebans
               of
               the
               Victory
               at
               Leuctra
               ,
            
             
               —
               Of
               their
               ruin
               ,
               524
               r.
               566
            
             
               —
               To
               Timoleon
               of
               his
               success
               in
               Sicily
               from
               Ceres
               ,
               508
               r.
               545
            
             
               Orchomenos
               ;
               Raz'd
               by
               the
               Thebans
               ,
               441
               r.
               498
            
             
               —
               The
               Thebans
               their
               old
               Enemies
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Ostracism
               ;
               the
               Law
               and
               manner
               of
               it
               at
               Athens
               ,
               244
               r.
               270
            
          
           
             
               P.
               
            
             
               Pallica
               ;
               a
               City
               in
               Sicily
               ;
               built
               by
               Ducetius
               ,
               261
               r.
               288
            
             
               —
               It
               s
               Growth
               and
               Destruction
               ,
               ibid
            
             
               —
               The
               strange
               boiling
               Pots
               call'd
               Craters
               in
               the
               Earth
               there
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Pamphilia
               ;
               the
               Province
               of
               Antigonus
               ,
               574
               r.
               628
            
             
               —
               The
               Situation
               ,
               576
               r.
               630
            
             
               Paphlagonia
               with
               Cappadocia
               ,
               574
               628
            
             
               —
               The
               Provinces
               of
               Eumenes
               ,
               581
               r.
               636
            
             
               Parmenio
               ;
               his
               Acts
               in
               Phrygia
               ,
               540
               r.
               586
            
             
               —
               Suspected
               of
               Treason
               ,
               and
               put
               to
               death
               ,
               554
               r.
               604
            
             
               Pausanias
               ;
               the
               Lacedemonian
               General
               at
               Platea
               against
               Mardonius
               231
               r.
               258
            
             
               —
               His
               Treason
               against
               his
               Countrey
               ,
               237238
               r.
               264
               ,
               265
            
             
               —
               Discover'd
               how
               ,
               and
               punished
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Passes
               difficult
               Passes
               in
               Thermopyle
               ,
               219
               r.
               246
            
             
               —
               In
               Uxiana
               549
               r.
               597
            
             
               —
               In
               the
               Rock
               Aornus
               ,
               557
               r.
               667
            
             
               Peace
               ;
               Peace
               all
               over
               the
               World
               ,
               273
               r.
               301
            
             
               Pelopidas
               ;
               the
               Theban
               General
               ,
               434
               r.
               489
            
             
               —
               Taken
               by
               Alexander
               Prince
               of
               Pherea
               ,
               438
               r.
               494
            
             
               
               —
               Deliver'd
               ,
               440
               r.
               496
            
             
               —
               His
               Acts
               and
               Death
               ,
               and
               Praise
               ,
               442
               r.
               499
            
             
               
                 Peloponnesus
                 ;
                 Peloponnesus
              
               liable
               to
               Earthquakes
               ,
               429
               r.
               483
            
             
               —
               The
               Peloponnesian
               War
               ,
               the
               Causes
               ,
               Renual
               &c.
               271
               ,
               280
               ,
               303
               r.
               300
               ,
               308
               ,
               325
            
             
               Perdiccas
               ;
               One
               of
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               Commanders
               547
               r.
               592
            
             
               —
               At
               
                 Arbela
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               —
               Divides
               the
               Conquer'd
               Provinces
               ,
               574
               r.
               628
            
             
               —
               His
               other
               Acts
               ,
               575
               ,
               576
               ,
               581
               ,
               583
               r.
               629
               ,
               631
               ,
               636
               ,
               639
            
             
               —
               The
               Captains
               conspire
               against
               him
               ,
               585
               r.
               641
            
             
               —
               His
               Expedition
               into
               Egypt
               ,
               588
               r.
               645
            
             
               Pericles
               ;
               His
               Acts
               in
               Peloponnesus
               ,
               259
               ,
               260
               r.
               286
               ,
               287
            
             
               —
               His
               other
               Acts
               ,
               273
               ,
               274
               r.
               301
               ,
               302
            
             
               —
               His
               Arrears
               the
               publick
               Cause
               of
               the
               Peloponesian
               War
               ,
               277
               r.
               306
            
             
               —
               His
               hot
               Speech
               ,
               273
               r.
               301
            
             
               —
               His
               second
               Expedition
               into
               Peloponnesus
               ,
               281
               r.
               310
            
             
               —
               His
               Death
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Persepolis
               ;
               Taken
               and
               burnt
               (
               by
               the
               instigation
               of
               a
               Strumpet
               ,
               )
               by
               
                 Alexander
                 M
              
               ,
               550
               r.
               599
            
             
               Persia
               ;
               The
               Province
               of
               Peucestas
               ,
               574
               r.
               628
            
             
               —
               The
               description
               of
               a
               pleasant
               Tract
               there
               ,
               616
               r.
               682
            
             
               Petalisme
               ,
               259
               r.
               286
            
             
               Phalaecus
               ;
               The
               General
               of
               the
               Phoceans
               ,
               495
               r.
               530
            
             
               —
               His
               Sacrilegious
               Covetousness
               ,
               503
               r.
               540
            
             
               —
               Punish'd
               by
               the
               Gods
               ,
               505
               r.
               542
            
             
               Pharnabasus
               ;
               The
               Persian
               General
               ,
               316
               r.
               349
            
             
               —
               Helps
               sometimes
               the
               Athenians
               and
               sometimes
               the
               Lacedemonions
               ,
               321
               ,
               324
               ,
               375
               r.
               354
               ,
               357
               ,
               416
            
             
               —
               General
               of
               the
               War
               against
               the
               Aegyptians
               ,
               446
               r.
               504
            
             
               Phialensians
               ;
               Their
               seditian
               ,
               424
               r.
               477
            
             
               Philip
               ,
               King
               of
               Macedon
               ;
               The
               Epitome
               of
               his
               History
               ,
               477
               r.
               510
            
             
               —
               His
               Acts
               and
               Wars
               ,
               477
               to
               516
               r.
               510
               to
               556
            
             
               —
               His
               Feast
               and
               stately
               Games
               ;
               and
               ominous
               Verses
               ,
               518
               r.
               558
            
             
               —
               The
               Plot
               against
               his
               life
               ,
               and
               the
               Cause
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               His
               Murder
               .
               &c
               ,
               519
               r.
               559
            
             
               Philocles
               ;
               The
               Athenian
               General
               at
               Aegos-Potamos
               ,
               352
               r.
               388
            
             
               —
               Is
               put
               to
               Death
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Philomelus
               ;
               stirs
               up
               the
               Phoceans
               ,
               486
               r.
               522
            
             
               —
               Robs
               the
               Temple
               at
               Delphos
               ,
               491
               r.
               526
            
             
               —
               Casts
               himself
               down
               from
               the
               top
               of
               a
               Rock
               ,
               ibid
            
             
               Phoceans
               ;
               Their
               War
               with
               the
               Doreans
               and
               Spartans
               ,
               256
               r.
               283
            
             
               —
               With
               the
               Boetians
               ,
               393
               r.
               439
            
             
               —
               With
               the
               Thebans
               ,
               432
               r.
               487
            
             
               —
               They
               spoil
               the
               Temple
               at
               Delphos
               ,
               488
               ,
               491
               r.
               523
               ,
               526
            
             
               —
               Their
               Fight
               with
               the
               Thebans
               ,
               503
               r.
               539
            
             
               —
               Are
               burnt
               in
               the
               Temple
               ,
               504
               r.
               541
            
             
               Phocio
               ;
               the
               Athenian
               General
               ,
               496
               r.
               532
            
             
               —
               The
               sentence
               upon
               him
               and
               his
               punishment
               ,
               602
               r.
               663
            
             
               Phoenicia
               ;
               the
               Situation
               ,
               576
               r.
               630
            
             
               Phrygia
               the
               Less
               ,
               the
               Situation
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               The
               Greater
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Pindar
               ;
               When
               he
               flourish'd
               ,
               200
               r.
               226
            
             
               Pisidia
               ;
               The
               scituation
               ,
               576
               r.
               630
            
             
               Plague
               ;
               Grievous
               amongst
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               418
               r.
               469
            
             
               —
               The
               first
               Plague
               at
               Athens
               ,
               281
               r.
               310
            
             
               —
               The
               second
               ,
               286
               r.
               316
            
             
               —
               And
               the
               Causes
               ,
               ibid
            
             
               —
               In
               the
               Camp
               of
               Hanniball
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               for
               his
               Impiety
               ,
               341
               r.
               377
            
             
               —
               In
               the
               Camp
               of
               Imilco
               ,
               and
               the
               Cause
               ,
               389
               r.
               434
            
             
               —
               In
               Africa
               ,
               358
               r.
               397
            
             
               Plateans
               ;
               the
               Battel
               at
               Platea
               with
               the
               Persians
               ,
               231
               r.
               258
            
             
               —
               Are
               besieg'd
               by
               the
               Spartans
               ,
               all
               put
               to
               Death
               and
               the
               City
               raz'd
               ,
               282
               ,
               286
               r.
               311
               ,
               315
            
             
               —
               Their
               other
               misfortunes
               ,
               427
               r.
               481
            
             
               Plato
               ;
               Sold
               by
               Dionysius
               ,
               411
               r.
               461
            
             
               —
               The
               most
               learn'd
               of
               the
               Greeks
               ,
               263
               r.
               291
            
             
               Porus
               ;
               His
               War
               with
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               561
               r.
               608
            
             
               —
               His
               Valour
               and
               Stature
               ,
               562
               r.
               609
            
             
               Princes
               strengthen
               themselves
               more
               with
               Gentleness
               than
               Arms
               ,
               309
               r.
               342
            
             
               —
               Their
               Vices
               most
               notorious
               ,
               ●57
               r.
               395
            
             
               Prodigies
               ;
               to
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               before
               his
               Death
               ,
               572
               r.
               624
            
             
               —
               To
               the
               Athenians
               before
               irreparable
               slaughter
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               305
               r.
               337
            
             
               —
               To
               Epaminondas
               before
               his
               Victory
               at
               Leuctra
               ,
               428
               ,
               430
               ,
               r.
               482
               ,
               484
            
             
               —
               To
               Hannibal
               after
               the
               violation
               of
               the
               Sepulchres
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               341
               r
               ,
               377
            
             
               —
               To
               Pelopidas
               before
               his
               Death
               ,
               442
               r.
               499
            
             
               —
               To
               the
               Spartans
               before
               their
               slaughter
               at
               Leuctra
               ,
               428
               ,
               430
               r.
               482
               ,
               484
            
             
               —
               To
               the
               Thebans
               before
               the
               Sacking
               of
               their
               City
               ,
               604
               r.
               566
            
             
               —
               To
               Timoleon
               before
               his
               Expedition
               into
               Sicily
               ,
               508
               r.
               545
            
             
               —
               Before
               his
               Fight
               with
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               513
               r.
               551
            
             
               
                 Ptolemy
                 Alorites
              
               ,
               King
               of
               Macedonia
               ,
               kills
               his
               Brother
               ,
               and
               was
               kill'd
               by
               his
               Brother
               ,
               440
               ,
               477
               r
               ,
               497
               ,
               550
            
             
               
                 Ptolomaeus
                 Lagus
              
               was
               cur'd
               by
               a
               divine
               Power
               ,
               567
               r.
               617
            
             
               —
               Governour
               of
               Egypt
               ,
               574
               r.
               628
            
             
               
               —
               His
               stately
               preparations
               for
               the
               buying
               of
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               587
               r.
               643
            
             
               —
               Confirm'd
               in
               the
               Government
               of
               Egypt
               ,
               590
               r.
               648
            
             
               —
               Subdues
               Phoenicia
               ,
               592
               r.
               650
            
             
               —
               Opposes
               Antigonus
               in
               divers
               places
               ,
            
             
               —
               His
               Expedition
               into
               
                 Cyprus
                 ,
                 Silicia
              
               ,
               and
               Syria
               ,
               and
               his
               Successes
               ,
               98
               r.
               115
            
             
               —
               His
               Battel
               and
               Victory
               ,
               646
               ,
               647
               r.
               717
               ,
               718
            
             
               —
               His
               War
               with
               Antigonus
               ,
               664
               r.
               742
            
             
               —
               His
               Sea.
               Fight
               with
               Demetrius
               at
               Cyprus
               ,
               678
               r.
               759
            
             
               —
               Is
               worsted
               ,
               and
               returns
               into
               Egypt
               ,
               680
               r.
               761
            
             
               —
               Recovers
               Coelo-Syria
               ,
               704
               r.
               791
            
             
               Pylae
               ;
               the
               Gates
               or
               Entry
               into
               Cilicia
               ,
               366
               r.
               406
            
             
               Pyrrhus
               ;
               the
               famous
               Enemy
               to
               the
               Romans
               ,
               623
               r.
               690
            
             
               Pythagorean
               Philosopher
               ;
               the
               Master
               to
               Epaminondas
               ,
               and
               Philip
               King
               of
               Macedon
               ,
               478
               510
            
             
               —
               The
               last
               of
               his
               Sect
               ,
               when
               they
               liv'd
               ,
               440
               r.
               497
            
             
               Pythia
               ;
               why
               the
               Priestesses
               were
               no
               longer
               Virgins
               ,
               489
               r.
               524
            
          
           
             
               Q.
               
            
             
               Quinda
               ;
               a
               strong
               Castle
               where
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               Treasures
               were
               laid
               up
               ,
               and
               carried
               away
               by
               Antigonus
               ,
               633
               r.
               702
            
             
               Quinquiremes
               ;
               or
               five
               Oars
               on
               a
               Bank
               ,
               when
               first
               us'd
               ,
               376
               ,
               377
               r.
               418
               ,
               419
            
          
           
             
               R.
               
            
             
               Race
               ;
               a
               Horse
               over-run
               by
               a
               Man
               ,
               362
               r.
               401
            
             
               Rhegion
               ;
               a
               pleasant
               and
               fruitful
               Country
               in
               Africa
               ,
               659
               r.
               736
            
             
               Religion
               ;
               Zeleucus
               his
               Law
               concerning
               it
               ,
               270
               r.
               299
            
             
               —
               The
               Violation
               of
               Religion
               punish'd
               by
               publick
               Calamities
               ,
               286
               ,
               391
               ,
               392
               ,
               428
               r.
               316
               ,
               436
               ,
               437
               ,
               482
            
             
               Rhodes
               ;
               the
               miserable
               Inundation
               at
               Rhodes
               ,
               627
               r.
               695
            
             
               —
               Their
               War
               with
               Demetrius
               ,
               691
               r.
               775
            
             
               —
               Staightly
               Besieg'd
               ,
               692
               r.
               776
            
             
               —
               Their
               Fight
               with
               Demetrius
               and
               Victory
               ,
               693
               r.
               777
               ,
               778
            
             
               —
               The
               repairing
               of
               the
               City
               ,
               699
               r.
               785
            
             
               Rhoxana
               ,
               Wife
               of
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               murder'd
               with
               her
               son
               ,
               by
               Cassander
               ,
               654
               r.
               728
            
             
               Romans
               ;
               the
               first
               time
               they
               paid
               Wages
               to
               their
               Soldiers
               ,
               364
               r.
               403
            
             
               —
               The
               first
               time
               the
               People
               disobey'd
               the
               Senate
               ,
               404
               r.
               452
            
             
               —
               Their
               sad
               Overthrow
               by
               the
               Gauls
               at
               Allia
               ,
               406
               r.
               454
            
             
               —
               Defend
               the
               Capital
               ,
               406
               ,
               407
               r.
               455
               456
            
             
               —
               Their
               Wars
               with
               the
               Samnites
               ,
               611
               ,
               640
               ,
               641
               ,
               642
               ,
               652
               ,
               675
               ,
               710
               ,
               711
               ,
               713
               ,
               726
            
             
               —
               With
               the
               Marsians
               and
               Hetrurians
               ,
               676
               r.
               756
            
          
           
             
               S.
               
            
             
               Sacrifice
               ;
               a
               Butcherly
               Sacrifice
               of
               Captives
               ,
               punished
               by
               God
               ,
               684
               r.
               767
            
             
               Sacrilege
               ;
               in
               divers
               manners
               punished
               by
               the
               Gods
               ,
               504
               ,
               505
               ,
               506
               ,
               490
               ,
               494
               ,
               698
               r.
               541
               ,
               542
               ,
               543
               ,
               526
               ,
               529
               ,
               784
            
             
               —
               Causes
               a
               War
               ,
               443
               r.
               500
            
             
               —
               Check'd
               by
               an
               Earthquake
               ,
               503
               r.
               540
            
             
               —
               Cast
               in
               the
               Teeth
               of
               the
               Athenians
               by
               a
               Tyrant
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Salamis
               ;
               the
               Sea-Fight
               at
               Salamis
               between
               the
               Grecians
               and
               Persians
               ,
               and
               the
               remarkable
               Victory
               of
               the
               Greeks
               ,
               224
               ,
               225
               r.
               251
               ,
               252
            
             
               Saturn
               ;
               a
               Boy
               offer'd
               up
               to
               him
               :
               The
               Idol
               at
               Carthage
               ,
               341
               ,
               663
               r.
               377
               ,
               740
            
             
               Sciones
               ;
               besieg'd
               and
               taken
               by
               Storm
               ,
               and
               most
               cruelly
               dealt
               with
               by
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               291
               ,
               292
               ,
               294
               r.
               322
               ,
               323
               ,
               325
            
             
               Stytalisme
               ;
               amongst
               the
               Argives
               what
               it
               is
               ,
               432
               r.
               487
            
             
               Sedition
               :
               Of
               the
               Arcadians
               ,
               433
               r.
               488
            
             
               —
               Of
               the
               
                 Argives
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               —
               Of
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               his
               Soldiers
               ,
               568
               r.
               620
            
             
               —
               The
               most
               bloody
               Sedition
               of
               the
               Corcyrians
               ,
               322
               r.
               355
            
             
               —
               Of
               the
               Corinthians
               ,
               424
               r.
               477
            
             
               —
               Of
               Dionysius
               his
               Horsemen
               ,
               355
               r.
               392
            
             
               —
               Of
               Megareans
               ,
               425
               r.
               478
            
             
               
                 —
                 Phialeans
              
               ,
               424
               r.
               477
            
             
               —
               Of
               the
               Phliasians
               ,
               425
               r.
               478
            
             
               —
               Against
               Timoleon
               ,
               513
               ,
               514
               r.
               551
               ,
               553
            
             
               —
               Of
               the
               Syracusians
               ,
               253
               r.
               280
            
             
               —
               Of
               the
               Zacynthians
               ,
               426
               r.
               480
            
             
               Seleucus
               ,
               Governour
               of
               the
               Province
               of
               Babylon
               ,
               so
               made
               by
               Antipater
               ,
               590
               r.
               648
            
             
               —
               His
               Acts
               ,
               613
               ,
               632
               ,
               634
               ,
               635
               ,
               646
               r.
               677
               ,
               701
               ,
               703
               ,
               705
               ,
               717
            
             
               —
               Recovers
               Babylon
               ,
               649
               r.
               720
            
             
               —
               Wears
               a
               Diadem
               ,
               680
               r.
               761
            
             
               Serpents
               ;
               the
               Serpents
               of
               India
               ,
               the
               Greatest
               and
               the
               most
               Venomeus
               ,
               562
               r.
               610
            
             
               —
               Of
               Africa
               ,
               674
               r.
               754
            
             
               Sicilians
               ;
               their
               War
               with
               Hannibal
               ,
               339
               r.
               374
            
             
               —
               With
               Imilcar
               ,
               341
               r.
               377
            
             
               —
               With
               Imilco
               ,
               380
               r.
               423
            
             
               —
               With
               Hanno
               ,
               312
               r.
               545
            
             
               —
               With
               Amilcar
               ,
               654
               r.
               728
            
             
               —
               Assists
               Dion
               ,
               481
               r.
               515
            
             
               —
               Recover
               their
               Liberty
               by
               the
               help
               of
               Timoleon
               ,
               511
               r.
               548
            
             
               Sidonians
               ;
               their
               Revolt
               from
               Ochus
               ,
               King
               of
               Persia
               ,
               496
               531
            
             
               —
               Are
               betray'd
               by
               Mentor
               the
               
                 Rhodian
                 ,
                 497
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               r.
               532
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               
               —
               Their
               miserable
               Destruction
               ,
               498
               r.
               533
            
             
               Socrates
               ;
               His
               Condemnation
               ,
               374
               r.
               416
            
             
               Sogdiana
               ;
               Its
               Scituation
               ,
               576
               r.
               630
            
             
               Sophocles
               ;
               the
               Athenian
               General
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               285
               r.
               314
            
             
               —
               The
               wonderfull
               Death
               of
               the
               Poet
               ,
               351
               r.
               387
            
             
               —
               His
               Son
               likewise
               a
               Tragick
               Poet
               ,
               382
               r.
               425
            
             
               Soul
               ;
               the
               Immortality
               ,
               574
               r.
               627
            
             
               —
               The
               Cure
               of
               the
               Soul
               more
               excellent
               than
               the
               body
               ,
               268
               r.
               296
            
             
               Spartans
               ;
               the
               praise
               of
               them
               that
               were
               kill'd
               at
               Thermopyle
               ,
               ●●0
               r.
               247
            
             
               
                 —
                 Sparta
              
               first
               b●sieg'd
               by
               the
               Thebans
               ,
               435
               r.
               490
            
             
               Speech
               ;
               Gyiipus
               the
               Lacedemonian
               his
               severe
               Speech
               against
               the
               Athenian
               Captives
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               312
               r.
               345
            
             
               
                 —
                 Nicolaus
              
               his
               brave
               Speech
               to
               save
               their
               lives
               ,
               308
               ,
               &c.
               r.
               341
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Stratagems
               ;
               of
               the
               Aegestines
               against
               the
               Athenians
               of
               Agathocles
               against
               the
               Geloans
               ,
               609
               ,
               655
               r.
               672
               ,
               729
            
             
               —
               Against
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               656
               ,
               659
               ,
               660
               ,
               661
               ,
               664
               ,
               671
               ,
               683
               r.
               730
               ,
               735
               ,
               736
               ,
               738
               ,
               r.
               741
               ,
               750
               ,
               705
            
             
               —
               Against
               Sosistratus
               ,
               602
               r.
               672
            
             
               —
               Of
               Alcibiades
               in
               perswading
               Ducetius
               to
               to
               fortify
               Sparta
               ,
               303
               r.
               335
            
             
               —
               Of
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               in
               Burning
               his
               Fleet
               ,
               530
               r.
               573
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Susa
               deliver'd
               up
               to
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               548
               r.
               596
            
             
               —
               The
               Situation
               ,
               576
               r.
               630
            
             
               
                 Sybrarites
                 ;
                 Sybaris
              
               razed
               by
               the
               Crotoniats
               ,
               266
               r.
               294
            
             
               —
               Repair'd
               ,
               267
               r.
               295
            
             
               —
               Again
               erected
               ,
               261
               ,
               267
               ,
               271
               r.
               288
               ,
               295
               ,
               300
            
             
               Syracusians
               ;
               Besi●g'd
               by
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               302
               r.
               334
            
             
               —
               Overcome
               the
               Athenians
               in
               several
               Sea-Fights
               ,
               305
               r.
               337
            
             
               —
               Their
               Cruelty
               upon
               the
               Athenian
               Captives
               ,
               314
               r.
               347
            
             
               —
               Their
               many
               Wars
               with
               the
               Carthaginians
               ,
               319
               ,
               320
               ,
               339
               ,
               341
               r.
               352
               ,
               353
               ,
               374
               ,
               377
            
             
               —
               With
               Dionysius
               359
               r.
               398
            
             
               —
               They
               beat
               Imilco
               in
               a
               Sea-Fight
               ,
               385
               r.
               430
            
             
               —
               How
               they
               were
               freed
               from
               the
               Tyranny
               of
               the
               Dionysiates
               ,
               481
               ,
               510
               r.
               515
               ,
               547
            
             
               Dion
               receiv'd
               ,
               ibid
            
             
               —
               The
               City
               plunder'd
               by
               the
               Dionysians
               ,
               485
               r.
               520
            
             
               —
               Deliver'd
               from
               slavery
               by
               the
               assistance
               of
               the
               Corinthians
               under
               Timoleon
               ,
               507
               ,
               509
               ,
               510
               r.
               544.
               546
               ,
               547
            
             
               —
               The
               City
               sadly
               plunder'd
               by
               the
               Soldiers
               of
               Agathocles
               ,
               609
               r.
               673
            
             
               —
               His
               cruel
               punishment
               of
               the
               Citizens
               ,
               687
               r.
               770
            
             
               —
               And
               his
               butchery
               of
               the
               Fugitives
               ,
               693
               r.
               777
            
             
               Syria
               ,
               the
               Province
               of
               Laomedon
               ,
               574
               r.
               628
            
             
               —
               The
               Situation
               ,
               576
               r.
               630
            
             
               —
               Subdu'd
               by
               Ptolemy
               ,
               592
               r.
               650
            
          
           
             
               T.
               
            
             
               Tarrentines
               ;
               Their
               unfortunate
               War
               with
               the
               Japygians
               ,
               241
               r.
               268
            
             
               —
               They
               help
               the
               Sicilians
               against
               Agathocles
               ,
               640
               r.
               710
            
             
               
                 —
                 Antigonus
              
               against
               Eumenes
               ;
               620
               r.
               686
            
             
               —
               Their
               War
               with
               the
               Lucanians
               ,
               701
               r.
               787
            
             
               Tauromenum
               ;
               When
               built
               ,
               480
               r.
               513
            
             
               Tegeans
               ;
               Their
               War
               with
               the
               Mantineans
               ,
               477
               r.
               510
            
             
               Teribazus
               ,
               the
               Persian
               Governor
               of
               Armenia
               ,
               allows
               quiet
               Passage
               to
               the
               Greeks
               returning
               out
               of
               Persia
               ,
               378
               r.
               411
            
             
               —
               Is
               accus'd
               by
               Orontes
               ,
               and
               acquitted
               ,
               411
               ,
               412
               r.
               462
               ,
               463
            
             
               Thais
               ,
               the
               Strumpet
               ,
               perswades
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               to
               burn
               Persepolis
               ,
               511
               r.
               600
            
             
               Thalestris
               ,
               the
               Amazon
               Queen
               ,
               comes
               to
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               to
               have
               Issue
               by
               him
               ,
               554
               r.
               603
            
             
               Thebans
               ;
               their
               War
               with
               the
               Athenians
               ,
               257
               ,
               280
               ,
               286
               ,
               300
               r.
               284
               ,
               308
               ,
               319
               ,
               322
            
             
               —
               Their
               Cittadel
               Cadmea
               seiz'd
               by
               the
               Spartans
               against
               the
               League
               ,
               417
               ,
               421
               r.
               468
               ,
               474
            
             
               —
               They
               refuse
               to
               join
               in
               the
               General
               Peace
               ,
               424
               ,
               429
               r.
               477
               ,
               483
            
             
               —
               Their
               great
               War
               with
               the
               
                 Lacedemonians
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               —
               The
               Prodigies
               that
               appear'd
               before
               the
               War
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               —
               Their
               Victory
               at
               Leuctra
               ,
               407
               r.
               456
            
             
               —
               Their
               other
               Acts
               ,
               408
               ,
               434
               ,
               436
               r.
               457
               ,
               489
               ,
               492
            
             
               —
               Their
               Expedition
               into
               Peloponnesus
               ,
               437
               r.
               493
            
             
               —
               Another
               Expedition
               into
               Peloponnesus
               ,
               440
               r.
               496
            
             
               —
               Some
               Battels
               with
               the
               Lacedemonians
               ,
               495
               r.
               530
            
             
               —
               They
               raze
               Phocis
               ,
               496
               r.
               531
            
             
               —
               Their
               Fight
               with
               the
               Phoceans
               ,
               503
               r.
               539
            
             
               Thebes
               Garrison'd
               by
               Philip
               ,
               and
               afterwards
               driven
               out
               ,
               516
               ,
               521
               r.
               556
               ,
               563
            
             
               —
               Rebell
               against
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
              
               524
               ,
               525
               r.
               566
               ,
               567
            
             
               —
               The
               miserable
               destruction
               of
               their
               City
               and
               Inhabitants
               by
               
                 Alexander
                 M
              
               ,
               526
               ,
               527
               r.
               568
               ,
               569
            
             
               —
               The
               City
               rebuilt
               by
               Cassander
               ,
               630
               r.
               699
            
             
               —
               It
               s
               various
               Changes
               ,
               631
               r.
               700
            
             
               Themistocles
               the
               Athenian
               General
               ,
               216
               r.
               243
            
             
               
               —
               His
               wise
               Counsels
               at
               Artemesium
               ,
               and
               at
               Salamis
               ,
               222
               ,
               223
               r.
               249
               ,
               250
            
             
               —
               His
               Stratagems
               ,
               224
               ,
               225
               r.
               251
               ,
               252
            
             
               —
               His
               banishment
               243
               r.
               269
            
             
               —
               Flies
               to
               Xerxes
               ,
               244
               r.
               270
            
             
               —
               His
               last
               Stratagem
               whereby
               he
               deceiv'd
               Xerxes
               ,
               245
               r.
               271
            
             
               —
               His
               Death
               and
               praise
               ,
               245
               ,
               246
               r.
               271
               ,
               272
            
             
               Theodorus
               ;
               His
               brave
               Speech
               to
               the
               Syracusians
               to
               preserve
               their
               Liberties
               ,
               386
               r.
               431
            
             
               Thermopyle
               ;
               defended
               bravely
               by
               the
               Greeks
               against
               Xerxes
               ,
               217
               ,
               219
               r.
               244
               ,
               246
            
             
               Thrace
               ;
               The
               Province
               of
               Lysimachus
               ,
               574
               r.
               628
            
             
               —
               They
               waste
               Chersonesus
               ,
               375
               r.
               417
            
             
               —
               Treacherous
               to
               the
               Abderites
               ,
               423
               r.
               476
            
             
               —
               Their
               War
               with
               Lysimachus
               ,
               640
               r.
               711
            
             
               Thucydides
               ;
               where
               he
               begins
               and
               ends
               his
               History
               ,
               319
               ,
               377
               r.
               306
               ,
               352
            
             
               Tigris
               ;
               The
               Course
               of
               the
               River
               Tigris
               ,
               549
               r.
               597
            
             
               —
               Join'd
               with
               a
               Bridge
               by
               Antigonus
               ,
               614
               r.
               680
            
             
               Timoleon
               ;
               The
               Corinthian
               General
               into
               Sicily
               :
               A
               short
               Account
               of
               his
               Acts
               ,
               507
               ,
               &c.
               513
               r.
               544
               ,
               &c.
               551
            
             
               —
               Causes
               Peace
               and
               Plenty
               all
               over
               Sicily
               ,
               513
               ,
               514
               r.
               552
               ,
               553
            
             
               —
               His
               Death
               ,
               and
               pompous
               Funeral
               at
               Syracuse
               ,
               516
               r.
               556
            
             
               Tissaphernes
               ,
               the
               Persian
               General
               ,
               fights
               bravely
               with
               Cyrus
               ,
               368
               r.
               408
            
             
               —
               Treacherously
               cuts
               off
               the
               Grecian
               Commanders
               ,
               369
               r.
               410
            
             
               —
               His
               War
               with
               Agesilaus
               in
               the
               
                 Lesser
                 Asia
              
               ,
               392
               r.
               438
            
             
               —
               Overcome
               by
               Agesilaus
               ,
               393
               r.
               439
            
             
               —
               And
               afterwards
               Beheaded
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
             
               Trees
               ;
               Trees
               distilling
               of
               Honey
               ,
               553
               r.
               602
            
             
               Tribunes
               ;
               Military
               Tribunes
               ,
               when
               first
               Created
               at
               Rome
               ,
               251
               ,
               271
               ,
               272
               ,
               277
               r.
               278
               ,
               300
               ,
               301
               ,
               306
            
             
               Tripolis
               ;
               a
               City
               in
               Phoenicia
               ,
               496
               r.
               531
            
             
               Tunis
               ;
               taken
               by
               Agathocles
               ,
               501
               r.
               737
            
             
               Tyrants
               ;
               the
               Thirty
               Tyrants
               at
               
                 Athens
                 ,
                 357
                 ,
                 358
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               r.
               395
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               —
               Their
               Cruelties
               ,
               ibid.
               372
               r.
               ibid.
               413
            
             
               —
               A
               Tyrant
               distracts
               every
               body
               ,
               675
               r.
               755
            
             
               —
               How
               Tyrants
               are
               to
               be
               dealt
               with
               ,
               411
               r.
               461
            
             
               Tyre
               ;
               besieg'd
               by
               
                 Alexander
                 M.
                 537
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               r.
               583
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               —
               Made
               a
               
                 Peninsula
                 ,
                 ibid.
              
               
            
             
               —
               Is
               taken
               ,
               431
               r.
               486
            
             
               —
               An
               ancient
               City
               is
               had
               been
               ,
               but
               then
               destroy'd
               ,
               537
               r.
               583
            
             
               —
               Afterwards
               rebuilt
               ,
               541
               r.
               587
            
          
           
             
               V.
               
            
             
               Virginia
               ;
               kill'd
               by
               her
               own
               Father
               at
               Rome
               ,
               to
               prevent
               her
               being
               a
               Slave
               to
               a
               Villain
               that
               had
               sworn
               ,
               she
               was
               his
               Slave
               Servant
               ,
               271
               r.
               300
            
             
               Virtue
               ;
               we
               hate
               when
               it
               's
               present
               ,
               but
               desire
               it
               earnestly
               when
               it
               's
               lost
               ,
               and
               taken
               from
               us
               ,
               221
               ,
               566
               r.
               248
               ,
               615
            
             
               Utica
               ;
               the
               memorable
               Siege
               and
               Defence
               at
               Utica
               in
               Africa
               by
               Agathocles
               ,
               680
               r.
               761
            
             
               —
               The
               Captives
               of
               Utica
               hung
               at
               the
               Engines
               alive
               to
               be
               shot
               at
               by
               the
               Townsmen
               ,
               ibid.
               
            
          
           
             
               W.
               
            
             
               Wine-Cellars
               ;
               the
               stately
               Wine-Cellars
               of
               Gellias
               in
               Agrigentum
               ,
               341
               r.
               376
            
          
           
             
               X.
               
            
             
               Xenophon
               the
               Historian
               ;
               where
               he
               begins
               and
               ends
               his
               History
               ,
               319
               ,
               446
               r.
               352
               ,
               504
            
             
               —
               Is
               created
               General
               over
               the
               Greeks
               that
               return'd
               out
               of
               Persia
               ,
               374
               r.
               416
            
             
               Xerxes
               ;
               his
               Expedition
               ,
               Armies
               ,
               &c.
               into
               Greece
               ,
               213
               ,
               216
               ,
               218
               r.
               242
               ,
               243
               ,
               245
            
             
               —
               The
               Sea-Fight
               at
               Artemisium
               ,
               222
               r.
               249
            
             
               —
               The
               Fight
               with
               Leonidas
               at
               Thermopylae
               ,
               218
               ,
               219
               r.
               245
               ,
               246
            
             
               —
               The
               Sea-Fight
               at
               Salamis
               ,
               224
               ,
               225
               r.
               251
               ,
               252
            
             
               —
               His
               Flight
               to
               Ecbatana
               ,
               234
               r.
               261
            
             
               —
               Is
               Assassinated
               ,
               258
               r.
               278
            
          
           
             
               Z.
               
            
             
               Zacynthus
               ;
               the
               Sedition
               and
               War
               at
               Zacynthus
               ,
               416
               r.
               480
            
             
               Zaleucus
               ;
               his
               Laws
               at
               Thurium
               in
               Italy
               ,
               270
               r.
               299
            
          
        
         
           
           
             A
             TABLE
             OF
             THE
             Eclogues
             or
             Fragments
             .
          
           
             Note
             :
             
               The
               Letter
            
             b
             
               in
               the
            
             Fragments
             
               stands
               for
            
             Book
             ,
             
               and
               the
               Letter
            
             e
             for
             Eclogue
             or
             Excerpt
             ;
             
               Likewise
               the
               Letter
            
             l
             
               stands
               for
            
             Lib.
             
               and
               the
               Letter
            
             s
             for
             Section
             .
          
           
             
               The
               ECLOGUES
               or
               FRAGMENTS
               out
               of
               the
               First
               Six
               Books
               after
               the
               Twentieth
               of
               Diodorus
               the
               Sicilian
               .
            
             
               
                 A.
                 
              
               
                 
                   ACra
                   Leuca
                
                 ,
                 built
                 in
                 Spain
                 by
                 Amilcar
                 ,
                 Hannibal's
                 Father
                 ,
                 
                   Book
                   25.
                   
                   Eclogue
                   2.
                   
                   Page
                
                 720
              
               
                 Aemilius
                 ,
                 the
                 Consul
                 ,
                 wast
                 the
                 Country
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Celte
                   Galls
                   ,
                   b.
                   25.
                   e.
                   3.
                   ibid.
                   
                
              
               
                 Agathocles
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 ,
                 his
                 Acts
                 and
                 Death
                 ,
                 
                   b.
                   21.
                   e.
                
                 2
                 ,
                 3
                 ,
                 4
                 ,
                 8
                 ,
                 11
                 ,
                 12.
                 709
              
               
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Cassander
                 ,
                 murder'd
                 by
                 
                   Demetrius
                   ,
                   b.
                   21.
                   e.
                   7.
                   ibid.
                   
                
              
               
                 Amesalus
                 raz'd
                 by
                 
                   Hiero
                   ,
                   b.
                   22.
                   e.
                
                 15.
                 714
              
               
                 Amilcar
                 ,
                 his
                 Acts
                 in
                 Sicily
                 against
                 the
                 
                   Romans
                   ,
                   b.
                   23.
                   e.
                
                 9.
                 716
              
               
                 —
                 His
                 Death
                 ,
                 
                   b.
                   25.
                   e.
                
                 2.
                 719
              
               
                 Antander
                 ,
                 the
                 Sicilian
                 Historian
                 ,
                 
                   b.
                   21.
                   e.
                
                 12.
                 710
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 
                   b.
                   21.
                   e.
                
                 1.
                 709
              
               
                 
                   Appius
                   Claudius
                
                 his
                 Acts
                 in
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   b.
                   23.
                   e.
                
                 2.
                 715
              
               
                 Ar●s
                 ;
                 none
                 can
                 please
                 all
                 in
                 any
                 Arts
                 ,
                 
                   b.
                   26.
                   e.
                
                 1.
                 721
              
               
                 Asdrubal
                 unsuccessful
                 in
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   b.
                   25.
                   e.
                
                 2.
                 719
              
            
             
               
                 B.
                 
              
               
                 Barcas
                 ,
                 the
                 Carthaginian
                 General
                 ,
                 his
                 Acts
                 in
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   b.
                   24.
                   e.
                
                 2.
                 719
              
               
                 Brennus
                 ,
                 the
                 Gall
                 ,
                 his
                 Inroad
                 into
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 the
                 Slaughter
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 
                   b.
                   22.
                   e.
                
                 13.
                 713
              
               
                 Brutii
                 ;
                 they
                 rout
                 
                   Agathocles
                   ,
                   b.
                   21.
                   e.
                
                 3.
                 709
              
               
                 —
                 He
                 wasts
                 their
                 Country
                 ,
                 
                   e.
                   8.
                   ibid.
                
                 
              
               
                 Cadmean
                 Victory
                 ,
                 what
                 ,
                 
                   b.
                   22.
                   e.
                
                 4.
                 712
              
               
                 Calatinus
                 routs
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 at
                 Sea
                 ,
                 
                   b.
                   24.
                   e.
                
                 12.
                 719
              
               
                 Cantharides
                 blinds
                 the
                 Sight
                 ,
                 
                   b.
                   22.
                   e.
                
                 2.
                 712
              
               
                 Carthaginians
                 ;
                 their
                 War
                 with
                 Pyrrhus
                 in
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   b.
                   22.
                   e.
                
                 11
                 ,
                 14.
                 712
                 ,
                 713
              
               
                 —
                 With
                 the
                 
                   Romans
                   ,
                   b.
                
                 23.
                 715
              
               
                 —
                 Overcome
                 by
                 
                   Appius
                   Claudius
                   ,
                   b.
                   23.
                   e.
                
                 4.
                 715
              
               
                 —
                 Their
                 War
                 with
                 their
                 Confederates
                 ,
                 
                   b.
                   25.
                   e.
                
                 1.
                 719
              
               
                 Carthalo
                 ,
                 his
                 Successes
                 in
                 Sicily
                 against
                 the
                 
                   Romans
                   ,
                   b.
                   24.
                   e.
                
                 1.
                 719
              
               
                 Celte
                 ,
                 routed
                 in
                 Sicily
                 through
                 their
                 Intemperance
                 ,
                 
                   b.
                   23.
                   e.
                
                 12.
                 717
              
               
                 —
                 Slaughter'd
                 in
                 Spain
                 by
                 
                   Amilcar
                   ,
                   b.
                   25.
                   e.
                
                 2.
                 720
              
               
                 Cios
                 ,
                 the
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Mamertines
                 ,
                 routed
                 by
                 Hiero
                 ,
                 kills
                 himself
                 ,
                 
                   b.
                   22.
                   e.
                
                 15.
                 715
              
               
                 Covetousness
                 ;
                 the
                 Evil
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 
                   b.
                   21.
                   e.
                
                 1.
                 709
              
            
             
               
                 D.
                 
              
               
                 Demetrius
                 his
                 Acts
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   21.
                   e
                
                 1
                 ,
                 7
                 ,
                 10
                 ,
                 11.
                 709
                 ,
                 710
              
               
                 
                 Decius
                 ,
                 his
                 Cru
                 〈…〉
                 at
                 Rhegium
                 ;
                 his
                 Sight
                 lost
                 by
                 a
                 Physician
                 wilfully
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 
                   Cantharides
                   ,
                   b
                   22.
                   e
                
                 2.
                 712
              
            
             
               
                 E.
                 
              
               
                 Enna
                 taken
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Romans
                   ,
                   b
                   23.
                   e
                
                 9.
                 716
              
               
                 Eryx
                 in
                 Sicily
                 taken
                 by
                 
                   Pyrrhus
                   ,
                   b
                   22.
                   e
                
                 14.
                 713
              
               
                 —
                 Raz'd
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Carthaginians
                   ,
                   b
                   22.
                   e
                
                 9.
                 712
              
            
             
               
                 F.
                 
              
               
                 Fabius
                 ,
                 the
                 Roman
                 Consul
                 ,
                 slaughters
                 the
                 
                   Hetruscans
                   ,
                   Galls
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Samnites
                   ,
                   b
                   21.
                   e
                
                 6.
                 702
              
            
             
               
                 G.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Gades
                   ,
                   b
                   25.
                   e
                
                 2.
                 719
              
               
                 Galls
                 ;
                 their
                 Inroad
                 into
                 
                   Greece
                   ,
                   b
                   22.
                   e
                
                 13.
                 713
              
               
                 —
                 Their
                 miserable
                 Return
                 ,
                 ibid.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 H.
                 
              
               
                 Hannibal
                 ;
                 his
                 Acts
                 in
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   b
                   22.
                   e
                
                 15.
                 714
              
               
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 Son
                 of
                 Amilcar
                 ,
                 chosen
                 General
                 in
                 Spain
                 by
                 the
                 Army
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   25.
                   e
                
                 5.
                 720
              
               
                 —
                 His
                 taking
                 of
                 
                   Sagunthum
                   ,
                   b
                   25.
                   e
                   5.
                   ibid.
                   
                
              
               
                 Hanno
                 ;
                 his
                 Acts
                 in
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   b
                   23.
                   e
                
                 2.
                 715
              
               
                 Hiero
                 ;
                 his
                 Acts
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   22.
                   e
                   15.
                   b
                   23.
                   e
                   2
                   ,
                   4
                   ,
                   5
                   ,
                   12.
                   b
                   24.
                   e
                   1.
                   b
                   25.
                   e
                   4.
                   b
                   26.
                   e
                
                 6.
                 714
                 ,
                 715
                 ,
                 718
                 ,
                 720
                 ,
                 721
              
            
             
               
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 Indortes
                 ,
                 the
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Iberians
                 ,
                 taken
                 and
                 kill'd
                 by
                 
                   Amilcar
                   ,
                   b
                   25.
                   e
                
                 2.
                 720
              
               
                 Istolatius
                 ,
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Celte
                 ,
                 taken
                 by
                 
                   Amilcar
                   ,
                   b
                   26.
                   e
                   2.
                   ibid.
                   
                
              
               
                 Julius
                 the
                 Consul
                 is
                 Shipwreck'd
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   24.
                   e
                
                 1.
                 719
              
            
             
               
                 L.
                 
              
               
                 Leontines
                 receive
                 Pyrrhus
                 ,
                 713
              
               
                 Lilybeurn
                 in
                 Sicily
                 besieg'd
                 by
                 
                   Pyrrhus
                   ,
                   b
                   22.
                   e
                   14.
                   ibid.
                   
                
              
               
                 —
                 When
                 built
                 ,
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 —
                 Besieg'd
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Romans
                   ,
                   b
                   24.
                   e
                
                 1
                 ,
                 3.
                 718
              
            
             
               
                 M.
                 
              
               
                 Maenon
                 poisons
                 his
                 Master
                 
                   Agathocles
                   ,
                   b
                   21.
                   e
                
                 12.
                 710
              
               
                 —
                 His
                 other
                 Acts
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   21.
                   e
                
                 13.
                 711
              
               
                 Mamertines
                 ,
                 their
                 Cruelty
                 at
                 
                   Messina
                   ,
                   b
                   21.
                   e
                   12.
                   ibid.
                   
                
              
               
                 Messina
                 besieg'd
                 by
                 Hiero
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 reliev'd
                 by
                 the
                 
                   Romans
                   ,
                   b
                   22.
                   e
                
                 15.
                 714
              
            
             
               
                 N.
                 
              
               
                 Numidians
                 Rebelling
                 against
                 the
                 Carthaginians
                 ,
                 are
                 destroy'd
                 by
                 
                   Asdrubal
                   ,
                   b
                   25.
                   e
                
                 2.
                 720
              
            
             
               
                 O.
                 
              
               
                 Orissus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Iberians
                 ,
                 routed
                 by
                 Asdrubal
                 ,
                 720
              
            
             
               
                 P.
                 
              
               
                 Phintias
                 ,
                 Prince
                 of
                 Agragentum
                 ,
                 overcome
                 of
                 
                   Hicetas
                   ,
                   b
                   22.
                   e
                
                 2.
                 712
              
               
                 —
                 His
                 Dream
                 of
                 his
                 End
                 ,
                 
                   e
                   5.
                   ibid.
                
                 
              
               
                 
                   Ptolemeus
                   Ceraunus
                
                 kill'd
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Galls
                   ,
                   e
                   3.
                   ibid.
                
                 
              
               
                 Pyrrhus
                 his
                 Acts
                 
                   in
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   e
                   10
                   ,
                   11
                   ,
                   14.
                   ibid.
                   
                
              
            
             
               
                 R.
                 
              
               
                 Regulus
                 the
                 Proconsul
                 ,
                 his
                 Successes
                 in
                 
                   Africa
                   ,
                   b
                   23.
                   e
                
                 12.
                 716
              
               
                 Rhodes
                 torn
                 by
                 an
                 Earthquake
                 .
              
               
                 Romans
                 ,
                 their
                 Slaughters
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Hetruscians
                   ,
                   Galls
                   ,
                   &c.
                   b
                   21.
                   e
                
                 6.
                 709
              
               
                 —
                 Their
                 ancient
                 Shields
                 ,
                 and
                 new
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   23.
                   e
                
                 3.
                 715
              
               
                 —
                 Their
                 Acts
                 in
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   b
                   23.
                   e
                   2.
                   ibid.
                   
                
              
               
                 —
                 Their
                 Shipwrecks
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   23.
                   e
                
                 12.
                 719
              
               
                 —
                 Are
                 beaten
                 at
                 Sea
                 by
                 
                   Cathalo
                   ,
                   b
                   24.
                   e
                
                 1.
                 718
              
            
             
               
                 S.
                 
              
               
                 Sagunthum
                 besieg'd
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   25.
                   e
                
                 5.
                 720
              
               
                 —
                 Their
                 Heroick
                 Acts
                 ,
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 —
                 The
                 Women
                 kill
                 both
                 themselves
                 and
                 their
                 Children
                 ,
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 Sicily
                 the
                 bravest
                 of
                 Islands
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   23.
                   e
                
                 1.
                 715
              
               
                 
                   Stilpo
                   ,
                   Agathocles
                
                 his
                 General
                 ,
                 Shipwreck'd
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   21.
                   e
                
                 8.
                 709
              
            
             
               
                 T.
                 
              
               
                 Thebes
                 taken
                 by
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 and
                 demolish'd
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   21.
                   e
                
                 10.
                 710
              
            
             
               
                 X.
                 
              
               
                 Xanthippus
                 the
                 Spartan
                 overcomes
                 Regulus
                 ,
                 the
                 Roman
                 General
                 ,
                 in
                 
                   Africa
                   ,
                   b
                   23.
                   e
                
                 12.
                 716
              
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               FRAGMENTS
               out
               of
               the
               Lost
               Books
               of
               Diodorus
               the
               Sicilian
               ,
               gather'd
               by
               Photius
               .
            
             
               
                 A.
                 
              
               
                 
                   ALexander
                   Epiphanes
                
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Syria
                 ,
                 murder'd
                 by
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 
                   Book
                   32.
                   
                   Eclogue
                   1.
                   
                   Page
                
                 724
              
               
                 Antiochis
                 Queen
                 of
                 Cappadocia
                 ,
                 cozens
                 her
                 Husband
                 with
                 a
                 supposititious
                 Birth
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   31
                   e
                
                 3.
                 723
              
               
                 
                   Antiochus
                   Epiphanes
                
                 prophanes
                 the
                 Temple
                 at
                 
                   Jerusalem
                   ,
                   b
                   34.
                   e
                
                 1.
                 726
              
               
                 
                   Antiochus
                   Eupator
                
                 ,
                 his
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Jews
                   ,
                   b
                   34.
                   e
                   1.
                   ibid
                
              
               
                 
                   Ariamnes
                   II.
                
                 King
                 of
                 Cappadocia
                 his
                 great
                 love
                 to
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Son
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   31.
                   e
                
                 3.
                 723
              
               
                 
                   Ariarathes
                   I.
                   II.
                   III.
                   IV.
                   V.
                   VI.
                
                 Kings
                 of
                 Cappadocia
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 last
                 a
                 favourer
                 of
                 Learning
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   31.
                   e
                
                 3.
                 
              
               
                 —
                 And
                 the
                 pedegree
                 of
                 those
                 Kings
                 ,
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 Athenio
                 the
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 slaves
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 and
                 that
                 servile
                 War
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   36.
                   e
                
                 1.
                 731
              
            
             
               
                 B.
                 
              
               
                 Battaces
                 ;
                 the
                 Priest
                 of
                 Cybele
                 in
                 Phrygia
                 ,
                 comes
                 in
                 a
                 strange
                 Habit
                 to
                 Rome
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   36.
                   e
                
                 2.
                 733
              
               
                 Bocchus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Africa
                 overcome
                 by
                 
                   Marius
                   ,
                   b
                   36.
                   e
                
                 1.
                 729
              
            
             
               
                 C.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Cadmus
                   ;
                   b
                   40.
                   e
                
                 1.
                 736
              
               
                 Caesar
                 ;
                 his
                 War
                 with
                 
                   Pompey
                   ,
                   b
                   37.
                   e
                
                 2.
                 735
              
               
                 —
                 His
                 Murder
                 ,
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 Callo
                 ,
                 a
                 young
                 Wife
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 she
                 became
                 a
                 Man
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   32.
                   e
                
                 1.
                 724
              
               
                 Capadocia
                 ;
                 The
                 Genealogy
                 of
                 their
                 Kings
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   31.
                   e
                
                 3.
                 722
              
               
                 Carthage
                 ;
                 height
                 of
                 its
                 Walls
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   32.
                   e
                
                 2.
                 725
              
               
                 Cattulus
                 murders
                 himself
                 by
                 the
                 Fumes
                 of
                 Lime
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   38.
                   e
                
                 2.
                 736
              
            
             
               
                 D.
                 
              
               
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Syria
                 ,
                 overcomes
                 
                   Alexander
                   ,
                   b
                   32.
                   e
                
                 1.
                 724
              
            
             
               
                 E.
                 
              
               
                 Enna
                 taken
                 ,
                 and
                 plunder'd
                 by
                 the
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   34.
                   e
                
                 2.
                 727
              
               
                 Eunus
                 the
                 Juggler
                 ,
                 and
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 Slaves
                 in
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   ibid.
                
                 
              
            
             
               
                 H.
                 
              
               
                 Heraris
                 .
                 a
                 young
                 Wife
                 ,
                 becomes
                 a
                 Man
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   32
                   e
                
                 1.
                 724
              
               
                 Hermaphrodites
                 ;
                 strange
                 Relations
                 of
                 
                   Hermaphrodites
                   ,
                   ibid.
                
                 
              
            
             
               
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 Jerusalem
                 ;
                 the
                 Temple
                 by
                 
                   Antiochus
                   Epiphanes
                
                 taken
                 by
                 
                   Antiochus
                   Eupator
                   ,
                   b
                   34.
                   e
                
                 1.
                 726
              
               
                 Jews
                 ,
                 hated
                 of
                 all
                 :
                 An
                 Heathenish
                 Relation
                 of
                 their
                 Coming
                 out
                 of
                 
                   Aegypt
                   ,
                   b
                   34.
                   e
                   1.
                   b
                   40.
                   e
                
                 1.
                 726
                 ,
                 736
              
               
                 —
                 Their
                 Laws
                 by
                 
                   Moses
                   ,
                   ibid.
                
                 
              
               
                 Jugurtha
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Numidia
                 ,
                 brought
                 Prisoner
                 to
                 
                   Rome
                   ,
                   b
                   36.
                   e
                
                 1.
                 729
              
            
             
               
                 M.
                 
              
               
                 Marsian
                 War
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   37.
                   e
                
                 1.
                 734
              
               
                 Masinissa
                 ,
                 his
                 Srength
                 and
                 Age
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   32.
                   e
                
                 3.
                 325
              
               
                 Megallis
                 ,
                 the
                 wife
                 of
                 Demophilus
                 of
                 Enna
                 ,
                 thrown
                 down
                 a
                 Rock
                 by
                 the
                 Women
                 Slaves
                 ,
                 for
                 her
                 former
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   34.
                   e
                
                 2.
                 327
              
               
                 
                   Titus
                   Minutius
                
                 buys
                 a
                 Slave
                 ,
                 he
                 fell
                 in
                 Love
                 with
                 ,
                 for
                 a
                 great
                 Sum
                 of
                 Money
                 ,
                 and
                 stirs
                 up
                 the
                 Servile
                 War
                 in
                 Italy
                 ;
                 at
                 length
                 betray'd
                 by
                 his
                 own
                 men
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   36.
                   e
                
                 1.
                 729
              
               
                 Moses
                 his
                 Acts
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   34.
                   e
                   1.
                   b
                   40.
                   e
                
                 1.
                 726
                 ,
                 736
              
            
             
               
                 N.
                 
              
               
                 Nerva
                 manages
                 the
                 War
                 against
                 the
                 Slaves
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ;
                 slothful
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   36.
                   e
                
                 1.
                 730
              
            
             
               
                 P.
                 
              
               
                 Persius
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 his
                 extream
                 Misery
                 
                   b
                   31.
                   e
                
                 2.
                 722
              
               
                 Pompey
                 ,
                 his
                 Death
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   37.
                   e
                
                 2.
                 734
              
               
                 Prusias
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Bithynia
                 ,
                 murder'd
                 by
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   32.
                   e
                
                 4.
                 726
              
            
             
               
                 R.
                 
              
               
                 Romans
                 ;
                 their
                 superstition
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   36.
                   e
                
                 2
                 733
              
               
                 —
                 Their
                 Statues
                 of
                 their
                 Ancestors
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   31.
                   e
                
                 4.
                 723
              
               
                 —
                 Their
                 Degeneracy
                 from
                 their
                 former
                 Frugality
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   37.
                   e
                
                 1.
                 734
              
            
             
               
               
                 S.
                 
              
               
                 Salvius
                 a
                 Piper
                 ,
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 Slaves
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 is
                 made
                 King
                 ,
                 and
                 call'd
                 
                   Tripho
                   ,
                   b
                   36.
                   e
                
                 1.
                 731
              
               
                 Sicily
                 ;
                 It
                 s
                 lamentable
                 Condition
                 in
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 servile
                 Wars
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   36.
                   e
                
                 1.
                 729
              
               
                 Sylla
                 ;
                 His
                 War
                 with
                 Marius
                 ,
                 his
                 remarkable
                 Death
                 ,
                 
                   b
                   37.
                   e
                
                 2.
                 735
              
            
             
               
                 T.
                 
              
               
                 Titinius
                 betrays
                 the
                 S
                 〈…〉
                 s
                 in
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   b
                   36
                   e
                
                 1.
                 731
              
            
             
               
                 V.
                 
              
               
                 Varius
                 ,
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 Slaves
                 in
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   b
                   36.
                   e
                   1.
                   ibid.
                   
                
              
               
                 Viriathus
                 ,
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Lusitanians
                 ,
                 once
                 a
                 Captain
                 of
                 Thieves
                 ,
                 his
                 Successes
                 against
                 the
                 
                   Romans
                   ,
                   b
                   32.
                   e
                
                 5.
                 726
              
            
             
               
                 W.
                 
              
               
                 War
                 ;
                 The
                 War
                 of
                 the
                 Slaves
                 among
                 the
                 
                   Romans
                   ,
                   b
                   34.
                   e
                
                 2.
                 727
              
               
                 —
                 And
                 in
                 
                   Attica
                   ,
                   ibid.
                
                 
              
               
                 —
                 At
                 
                   Nucera
                   ,
                   Capua
                
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 
                   Minutius
                   ,
                   b
                   36.
                   e
                
                 1.
                 729
              
               
                 —
                 The
                 Servile
                 Wars
                 in
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 under
                 
                   Eunus
                   ,
                   Varius
                   ,
                   Salvius
                
                 ,
                 and
                 
                   Athenio
                   .
                   b
                   34.
                   e
                   2.
                   b
                   36.
                   e
                
                 1.
                 727
                 ,
                 729
              
            
          
           
             
               The
               FRAGMENTS
               out
               of
               the
               History
               of
               Diodorus
               the
               Sicilian
               ,
               Publish'd
               by
               
                 H.
                 Valesius
              
               .
            
             
               
                 A.
                 
              
               
                 ACtaeon
                 pull'd
                 in
                 pieces
                 between
                 those
                 that
                 strove
                 for
                 him
                 .
                 See
                 
                   Archias
                   ,
                   Lib.
                   6.
                   
                   Sect.
                   15.
                   
                   Page
                
                 743
              
               
                 Agathocles
                 ;
                 Kill'd
                 with
                 a
                 Thunderbolt
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                   16.
                   ibid.
                
                 
              
               
                 —
                 His
                 Revenge
                 upon
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 that
                 kill'd
                 his
                 Son
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   2●
                   .
                   s
                
                 2.
                 748
              
               
                 Archias
                 his
                 vile
                 love
                 to
                 Actaeon
                 a
                 virtuous
                 young
                 Boy
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 15.
                 743
              
               
                 Astyages
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Medes
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 towards
                 his
                 subjects
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 30.
                 745
              
               
                 Adrastus
                 by
                 Chance
                 kill'd
                 Atys
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Croesus
                 ;
                 Kills
                 himself
                 for
                 it
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                   32
                   ibid.
                
                 
              
               
                 Atys
                 .
                 See
                 
                   Adrastus
                   ,
                   ibid.
                
                 
              
               
                 Aeneas
                 his
                 Care
                 of
                 his
                 Father
                 when
                 Troy
                 was
                 taken
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 8.
                 742
              
               
                 Aristogon
                 ;
                 his
                 praise
                 
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 46.
                 747
              
               
                 Antigonus
                 ;
                 one
                 a
                 private
                 Man
                 Kill'd
                 through
                 his
                 Ambition
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   21.
                   s
                
                 1.
                 748
              
               
                 Apollodorus
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Cassandria
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   22.
                   s
                
                 5.
                 750
              
               
                 
                   Attilius
                   Regulus
                
                 ,
                 the
                 Roman
                 General
                 ,
                 his
                 Misfortunes
                 at
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 routed
                 by
                 
                   Xanthippus
                   ,
                   l
                   23.
                   s
                
                 1.
                 751
              
               
                 Antiochus
                 the
                 Great
                 ,
                 his
                 Acts
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   26.
                   s
                
                 28
                 to
                 33.
                 757
              
               
                 —
                 His
                 strange
                 familiarity
                 with
                 ordinary
                 fellows
                 
                   l
                   26.
                   s
                
                 43.
                 758
              
               
                 
                   —
                   Epiphanes
                
                 his
                 foolish
                 and
                 light
                 Carriage
                 at
                 Sports
                 and
                 in
                 Feasts
                 ,
                 
                   ibid.
                   s
                
                 67
                 ,
                 68
                 ,
                 69.
                 761
              
               
                 
                   Antiochus
                   Cyzienus
                
                 addicted
                 to
                 Puppit-Plays
                 &c.
                 hunting
                 wild
                 Beasts
                 in
                 the
                 night
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   34.
                   s
                
                 25.
                 774
              
               
                 Aradians
                 slew
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 sent
                 to
                 them
                 from
                 the
                 
                   Marathenians
                   ,
                   l
                   26.
                   s
                
                 97.
                 767
              
               
                 Arsases
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Parthia
                 ,
                 his
                 praise
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   26.
                   s
                
                 107.
                 769
              
               
                 Attalus
                 his
                 cruelty
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   34.
                   s
                
                 9.
                 771
              
               
                 Athenaeus
                 ,
                 Antiochus's
                 General
                 ,
                 abusive
                 in
                 his
                 Quarters
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 was
                 famish'd
                 to
                 Death
                 because
                 none
                 would
                 relieve
                 him
                 by
                 reason
                 of
                 his
                 former
                 abuses
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   34.
                   s
                
                 16.
                 722
              
               
                 Asellus
                 ;
                 See
                 
                   Lucius
                   Asellus
                
                 ,
                 776
              
            
             
               
                 B.
                 
              
               
                 Bias
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Seven
                 Wise
                 Men
                 ,
                 His
                 noble
                 Entertainment
                 and
                 Redemption
                 of
                 Captive-Virgins
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 28.
                 744
              
            
             
               
                 C.
                 
              
               
                 Castor
                 and
                 
                   Pollux
                   ,
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 1.
                 741
              
               
                 Chilo
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Seven
                 wise
                 Men
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 26.
                 744
              
               
                 Cyrus
                 ;
                 his
                 Praise
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 29
                 ,
                 31
                 ,
                 34.
                 744
              
               
                 
                   Croesus
                   ,
                   Cyrus
                
                 his
                 Kindness
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 33
                 ,
                 34.
                 745
              
               
                 
                   Cambyses
                   ,
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 44.
                 747
              
               
                 Cimon
                 ,
                 his
                 love
                 to
                 his
                 Dead
                 Father
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 51.
                 
              
               
                 —
                 His
                 Praise
                 ,
                 52.
                 748
              
               
                 Carthaginians
                 ;
                 their
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 Mercenaries
                 .
                 See
                 War.
                 752
              
               
                 —
                 Their
                 Cruelty
                 towards
                 the
                 Micatanian
                 Revolters
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   26.
                   s
                
                 10.
                 754
              
               
                 Cretians
                 ;
                 their
                 Treachery
                 to
                 the
                 Citizens
                 of
                 Siphnus
                 ,
              
               
                 Corinth
                 ;
                 Rebuilt
                 by
                 
                   Julius
                   Caesar
                   ,
                   l
                   26.
                   s
                
                 92.
                 766
              
               
                 
                   Caius
                   Gracchus
                
                 ;
                 his
                 Head
                 sold
                 by
                 his
                 tr
                 〈…〉
                 rous
                 Friend
                 
                   Lucius
                   Metellius
                
                 for
                 its
                 Weight
                 in
                 Gold
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   34.
                   s
                
                 22.
                 773
              
               
                 
                 —
                 Drew
                 out
                 the
                 Brains
                 ,
                 and
                 pour'd
                 in
                 Lead
                 to
                 make
                 it
                 weigh
                 heavier
                 .
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Caius
                   Marius
                
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 sent
                 to
                 Metellus
                 ,
                 despis'd
                 by
                 him
                 ,
                 but
                 belov'd
                 by
                 the
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   34.
                   s
                
                 28.
                 775
              
               
                 
                   Caius
                   Domitius
                
                 ;
                 See
                 Pompaedius
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 D.
                 
              
               
                 Dromichares
                 King
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 his
                 kind
                 Usage
                 of
                 Lysimachus
                 and
                 his
                 Son
                 when
                 he
                 had
                 them
                 prisoners
                 .
              
               
                 
                   Demetrius
                   Nicanor
                
                 King
                 of
                 Syria
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 l
                 26.
                 
              
               
                 Demetrius
                 Son
                 of
                 Philip
                 King
                 of
                 Macedon
                 murder'd
                 by
                 his
                 Father
                 through
                 the
                 instigation
                 of
                 his
                 Brother
                 
                   Perseus
                   ,
                   l
                   26.
                   s
                
                 39.
                 758
              
               
                 Decius
                 ,
                 Treacherously
                 kill'd
                 all
                 the
                 
                   Rheglans
                   ,
                   l
                   22.
                   s
                
                 1.
                 750
              
               
                 —
                 His
                 end
                 ,
                 ibid
              
               
                 Diegulis
                 King
                 of
                 Thrace
                 his
                 cruelties
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   26.
                   s
                
                 104
                 ,
                 105.
                 769
              
            
             
               
                 E.
                 
              
               
                 Eleans
                 ,
                 Consecrated
                 to
                 Jupiter
                 by
                 the
                 Policy
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Lacedemonians
                   ,
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 12.
                 742
              
               
                 Eucephus
                 ,
                 his
                 Treachery
                 concerning
                 Polychares
                 his
                 Cattel
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 14.
                 742
              
               
                 Eumenes
                 ;
                 his
                 Kindness
                 to
                 his
                 Brother
                 Attalus
                 ,
                 tho'
                 he
                 had
                 married
                 his
                 Queen
                 in
                 his
                 absence
                 ,
                 upon
                 news
                 of
                 his
                 death
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   26.
                   s
                
                 44.
                 759
              
               
                 —
                 His
                 other
                 Acts
                 ,
                 
                   s
                   48.
                   ibid.
                
                 
              
               
                 —
                 His
                 Praise
                 ,
                 s
                 .
                 66.
                 761
              
               
                 Eumenes
                 King
                 of
                 Parthia
                 his
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 raz'd
                 a
                 great
                 part
                 of
                 Babylon
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 F.
                 
              
               
                 Fimbria
                 ;
                 encouraged
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 to
                 plunder
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   37.
                   s
                
                 11
                 ,
                 12.
                 
              
               
                 —
                 His
                 Cruelties
                 ,
                 s
                 13.
                 779
              
            
             
               
                 G.
                 
              
               
                 Gauls
                 ;
                 their
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   26.
                   s
                
                 65.
                 761
              
               
                 Gorgus
                 Father
                 and
                 Son
                 ,
                 their
                 remarkable
                 love
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 H.
                 
              
               
                 Hippomenes
                 ,
                 caus'd
                 his
                 own
                 Daughter
                 to
                 be
                 eaten
                 up
                 by
                 a
                 Horse
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 20.
                 743
              
               
                 Hamilcar
                 ;
                 his
                 cruel
                 usage
                 by
                 the
                 Sons
                 of
                 
                   Attalus
                   ,
                   l
                   24.
                   s
                
                 5.
                 752
              
               
                 Hannibal
                 ,
                 his
                 Acts
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   26.
                   s
                
                 1
                 ,
                 2
                 ,
                 3
                 ,
                 4
                 ,
                 5
                 ,
                 6
                 ,
                 9.
                 753
              
               
                 —
                 His
                 Praise
                 ,
                 s
                 36.
                 757
              
               
                 Hieronymus
                 King
                 of
                 Syracuse
                 murder'd
                 by
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   26.
                   s
                
                 7
                 ,
                 8.
                 754
              
               
                 Hasdrubal
                 ;
                 his
                 Commendation
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   26.
                   s
                
                 11.
                 754
              
            
             
               
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Julius
                   Caesar
                
                 his
                 praise
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   26.
                   s
                
                 92.
                 766
              
               
                 —
                 Rebuilt
                 
                   Corinth
                   ,
                   ibid.
                
                 
              
               
                 Jugurtha
                 Besieged
                 his
                 Brother
                 Adherball
                 in
                 Cinna
                 ,
                 took
                 the
                 place
                 ,
                 and
                 unnaturally
                 slew
                 his
                 Brother
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   34.
                   s
                
                 23.
                 77●
              
            
             
               
                 L.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Lycurgus
                   ,
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 11.
                 742
              
               
                 
                   Lucius
                   Tarquinius
                
                 King
                 of
                 the
                 Romans
                 his
                 praise
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 23.
                 744
              
               
                 Lucretia
                 ,
                 her
                 story
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 48.
                 747
              
               
                 Lysimachus
                 kindly
                 us'd
                 by
                 the
                 Thracians
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 prisoner
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   21.
                   s
                
                 3
                 ,
                 4.
                 74●
              
               
                 —
                 Sent
                 to
                 Seleucus
                 to
                 have
                 Demetrius
                 kill'd
                 s
                 10.
                 749
              
               
                 
                   Lucius
                   Asellius
                
                 ,
                 a
                 prudent
                 Governor
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 his
                 praises
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   36.
                   s
                
                 8
                 ,
                 9.
                 776
              
            
             
               
                 M.
                 
              
               
                 Mynderidyes
                 the
                 Syberite
                 ,
                 his
                 state
                 and
                 grandeur
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 19.
                 743
              
               
                 Myso
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 seven
                 wise
                 Men
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 25.
                 744
              
               
                 Messina
                 ;
                 the
                 Citizens
                 murder'd
                 by
                 the
                 Mamertines
                 ,
                 received
                 as
                 Friends
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   21.
                   s
                
                 9.
                 749
              
               
                 
                   Metellus
                   Quintus
                
                 ;
                 Son
                 of
                 Metellus
                 ,
                 his
                 great
                 love
                 to
                 his
                 Father
                 ,
                 and
                 care
                 to
                 have
                 him
                 restor'd
                 from
                 banishment
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   36.
                   s
                
                 3.
                 775
              
               
                 
                   Mucius
                   Scaevola
                
                 ,
                 see
                 Scevola
                 ,
                 776
              
               
                 Mithridates
                 ;
                 his
                 Clemency
                 towards
                 the
                 Roman
                 Soldiers
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 successes
                 in
                 
                   Asia
                   ,
                   l
                   37.
                   s
                
                 5
                 ,
                 6.
                 777
              
               
                 —
                 His
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Rhodians
                   ,
                   ib.
                
                 778
              
            
             
               
                 N.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Numa
                   Pompilius
                   ,
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 17.
                 743
              
               
                 Nearchus
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 of
                 Elis
                 ,
                 how
                 he
                 was
                 us'd
                 by
                 Zeno
                 see
                 Zeno
                 ,
                 747
              
               
                 Nabis
                 King
                 of
                 Lacedemon
                 ,
                 his
                 murder
                 of
                 Pelops
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 Lycurgus
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 other
                 Cruelties
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   26.
                   s
                
                 12.
                 754
              
            
             
               
                 P.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Paulus
                   Emilius
                
                 ,
                 his
                 praise
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   26.
                   s
                
                 42
                 ,
                 57
                 ,
                 61.
                 758
              
               
                 —
                 His
                 death
                 and
                 praise
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   26.
                   s
                
                 61.
                 760
              
               
                 Pittachus
                 ,
                 one
                 of
                 the
                 seven
                 wise
                 Men
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 27
                 ,
                 28.
                 744
              
               
                 Pleminius
                 King
                 of
                 Thrace
                 ,
                 his
                 beastly
                 Cruelties
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   26.
                   s
                
                 14.
                 754
              
               
                 Polychares
                 ;
                 see
                 Eucephnus
                 ,
                 742
              
               
                 
                   Pythagoras
                   ,
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 36.
                 745
              
               
                 —
                 The
                 〈…〉
                 dness
                 of
                 the
                 Pythagorians
                 one
                 to
                 another
                 ,
                 
                   l
                   6.
                   s
                
                 37.
                 
              
               
                 
                 —
                 Other
                 matters
                 concerning
                 them
                 ,
                 l
                 6.
                 s
                 38
                 ,
                 39
                 ,
                 40
                 ,
                 41
                 ,
                 42.
                 
              
               
                 Polycrates
                 King
                 of
                 Samos
                 ,
                 his
                 cruelty
                 towards
                 the
                 Lydians
                 that
                 fled
                 to
                 him
                 ,
                 l
                 6.
                 s
                 54.
                 747
              
               
                 Pyrrhus
                 plundered
                 Egeas
                 in
                 Macedonia
                 ,
                 his
                 Soldiers
                 rifl'd
                 the
                 Sepulchres
                 of
                 the
                 former
                 Kings
                 ,
                 l
                 22.
                 s
                 6.
                 750
              
               
                 Proserpina
                 ;
                 her
                 Temple
                 robb'd
                 by
                 Pleminius
                 the
                 Roman
                 Governor
                 of
                 
                   Locris
                   ,
                   l
                
                 26.
                 s
                 14.
                 754
              
               
                 —
                 The
                 effect
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 Philip
                 King
                 of
                 Macedon
                 ,
                 his
                 Acts
                 ,
                 l
                 26.
                 s
                 21
                 ,
                 22
                 ,
                 23
                 ,
                 24
                 ,
                 25.
                 756
              
               
                 Perseus
                 ,
                 Son
                 of
                 Philip
                 King
                 of
                 Macedon
                 ,
                 procures
                 his
                 Brother
                 Demetrius
                 to
                 be
                 murder'd
                 by
                 his
                 Father
                 .
                 See
                 Demetrius
                 ,
                 758
              
               
                 —
                 His
                 Cruelty
                 ,
                 s
                 46.
                 759
              
               
                 —
                 His
                 other
                 Acts
                 ,
                 s
                 56
                 ,
                 58.
                 
              
               
                 —
                 His
                 Covetousness
                 ,
                 s
                 59.
                 760
              
               
                 
                   Ptolemy
                   Philometer
                
                 driven
                 out
                 of
                 his
                 Kingdom
                 ;
                 fled
                 to
                 
                   Rome
                   ,
                   l
                
                 26.
                 s
                 70.
                 762
              
               
                 —
                 Met
                 kindly
                 by
                 
                   Demetrius
                   ,
                   ibid.
                
                 
              
               
                 Prusias
                 ,
                 King
                 of
                 Bythinnia
                 robb'd
                 the
                 Temple
                 of
                 
                   Pergamus
                   ,
                   l
                
                 26.
                 s
                 81.
                 764
              
               
                 —
                 The
                 punishment
                 of
                 his
                 Army
                 both
                 by
                 Sea
                 and
                 Land
                 ,
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 —
                 Hated
                 by
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 l
                 26.
                 s
                 90.
                 766
              
               
                 Philip
                 Father
                 of
                 Alexander
                 ,
                 his
                 Acts
                 ,
                 l
                 26.
                 s
                 83.
                 765
              
               
                 
                   Pumpeius
                   Quintus
                
                 his
                 Acts
                 ,
                 at
                 the
                 Siege
                 of
                 
                   Lagnetum
                   ,
                   l
                
                 26.
                 s
                 106.
                 769
              
               
                 
                   Ptolemy
                   Phiscon
                
                 ;
                 his
                 cruelty
                 to
                 his
                 Wife
                 and
                 Sister
                 Cleopatra
                 ,
                 in
                 murdering
                 her
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Son
                 
                   Memphites
                   ,
                   l
                
                 26.
                 s
                 103.
                 768
              
               
                 Pompaedius
                 General
                 of
                 the
                 Martians
                 ,
                 his
                 rash
                 design
                 to
                 beset
                 the
                 Senate-house
                 with
                 10
                 Thousand
                 Men
                 ,
                 l
                 37.
                 s
                 1.
                 734
              
               
                 —
                 Diswaded
                 by
                 
                   Caius
                   Domitius
                   ,
                   ibid.
                
                 
              
               
                 
                   Pompeius
                   Cn.
                
                 the
                 Great
                 ,
                 his
                 Commendation
                 ,
                 l
                 37.
                 s
                 14
                 ,
                 18.
                 779
              
               
                 Poscriptions
                 in
                 Rome
                 ;
                 an
                 Instance
                 of
                 a
                 remarkable
                 Example
                 in
                 the
                 punishment
                 of
                 one
                 that
                 gloried
                 over
                 others
                 ,
                 and
                 at
                 last
                 read
                 his
                 own
                 name
                 in
                 the
                 List
                 ,
                 l
                 37.
                 s
                 17.
                 778
              
            
             
               
                 R.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Romulus
                   Silvius
                
                 ,
                 kill'd
                 by
                 a
                 Thunderbolt
                 ,
                 l
                 6.
                 s
                 9.
                 742
              
               
                 Romulus
                 and
                 
                   Remus
                   ,
                   l
                
                 6.
                 s
                 13.
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 Rhegium
                 ;
                 the
                 People
                 there
                 all
                 kill'd
                 by
                 Decius
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Garrison
                 of
                 
                   Campanians
                   ,
                   l
                
                 22.
                 s
                 1.
                 750
              
               
                 Romans
                 ;
                 their
                 Clemency
                 towards
                 the
                 Conquer'd
                 ,
                 l
                 26.
                 s
                 62.
                 760
              
               
                 —
                 The
                 degeneration
                 of
                 their
                 Manners
                 ,
                 
                 l
                 ●6
                 .
                 s
                 4.
                 775
              
            
             
               
                 S.
                 
              
               
                 Sylla
                 ,
                 his
                 Commondation
                 ,
                 l
                 37.
                 s
                 〈◊〉
                 777
              
               
                 —
                 The
                 murders
                 and
                 slaughters
                 in
                 Rome
                 by
                 
                   Syll●
                   ,
                   l
                
                 37.
                 s
                 8
                 ,
                 16.
                 778
                 ,
                 780
              
               
                 —
                 Robb'd
                 the
                 Temples
                 to
                 carry
                 on
                 the
                 War
                 in
                 
                   Italy
                   ,
                   s
                
                 10.
                 779
              
               
                 Salmoneus
                 defied
                 
                   Jupiter
                   ,
                   l
                
                 6.
                 s
                 4.
                 741
              
               
                 Syberites
                 ;
                 their
                 Luxury
                 ,
                 l
                 6.
                 s
                 19.
                 743
              
               
                 
                   Solon
                   ,
                   l
                
                 6.
                 s
                 24.
                 744
              
               
                 
                   Servius
                   Tullius
                
                 ;
                 his
                 Praise
                 reigned
                 44
                 years
                 ,
                 l
                 6.
                 s
                 35.
                 745
              
               
                 
                   Sicily
                   ;
                   P.
                   Clodius
                
                 his
                 Acts
                 in
                 
                   Sicily
                   ,
                   l
                
                 24.
                 s
                 1.
                 752
              
               
                 
                   —
                   Hieronymus
                
                 King
                 of
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 murder'd
                 by
                 his
                 Subjects
                 ,
                 l
                 26.
                 s
                 7.
                 754
              
               
                 —
                 The
                 Servile
                 War
                 ,
                 l
                 34.
                 s
                 1
                 ,
                 2
                 ,
                 3
                 ,
                 4
                 ,
                 5
                 ,
                 6
                 ,
                 7
                 ,
                 8
                 ,
                 11.
                 770
              
               
                 —
                 The
                 Cruelty
                 of
                 the
                 slaves
                 ,
                 l
                 36.
                 s
                 1.
                 775
              
               
                 Scipio
                 ;
                 his
                 humanity
                 to
                 Syphax
                 King
                 of
                 Numidia
                 his
                 prisoner
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 other
                 Acts
                 ,
                 l
                 26
                 s
                 15
                 ,
                 16
                 ,
                 17
                 ,
                 18
                 ,
                 19
                 ,
                 20
                 755
              
               
                 —
                 His
                 Praise
                 ,
              
               
                 Scipio
                 the
                 Son
                 of
                 
                   Paulus
                   Aemilius
                
                 ,
                 his
                 Praise
                 and
                 noble
                 Acts
                 ,
                 l
                 26.
                 s
                 76.
                 763
              
               
                 
                   Scipio
                   Africanus
                
                 ;
                 his
                 faithfullness
                 in
                 his
                 performance
                 of
                 Articles
                 with
                 his
                 Enemies
                 ,
                 l
                 26.
                 s
                 85.
                 765
              
               
                 —
                 Takes
                 Carthage
                 ,
                 and
                 restor'd
                 the
                 Phalerian
                 Bull
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 things
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Sicilians
                   ,
                   l
                
                 26.
                 s
                 91.
                 766
              
               
                 
                   Scipio
                   Nasica
                
                 ;
                 his
                 Commendation
                 ,
                 l
                 34.
                 s
                 24.
                 773
              
               
                 Scaevola
                 his
                 Virtues
                 ,
                 l
                 36.
                 s
                 5
                 ,
                 6
                 ,
                 7.
                 676
              
            
             
               
                 T.
                 
              
               
                 Thessalus
                 abdicated
                 the
                 Government
                 of
                 Athens
                 ,
              
               
                 
                   Tiberius
                   Gracchus
                
                 ;
                 his
                 Praise
                 ,
                 l
                 34.
                 s
                 10.
                 772
              
            
             
               
                 V.
                 
              
               
                 Viriathus
                 General
                 in
                 Spain
                 against
                 the
                 Romans
                 ;
                 his
                 Justice
                 in
                 dividing
                 the
                 Spoil
                 ,
                 wheen
                 he
                 was
                 Captain
                 of
                 the
                 Robbers
                 ,
                 l
                 26.
                 s
                 93.
                 766
              
               
                 —
                 His
                 Contempt
                 of
                 Wealth
                 ,
                 s
                 99.
                 767
              
               
                 —
                 His
                 Death
                 and
                 Burial
                 ,
                 s
                 108.
                 769
              
            
             
               
                 W.
                 
              
               
                 —
                 War
                 ;
                 the
                 Mercenary
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Carthaginians
                   ,
                   l
                
                 25
                 s
                 1
                 ,
                 2
                 ,
                 3
                 ,
                 4.
                 752
              
               
                 —
                 The
                 Servile
                 War
                 in
                 Sicily
                 .
                 See
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 77●
              
            
             
               
                 Z.
                 
              
               
                 Z●no
                 ;
                 how
                 he
                 us'd
                 the
                 Tyrant
                 Nearchus
                 ,
                 when
                 he
                 was
                 upon
                 the
                 Back
                 ,
                 l
                 6.
                 s
                 47.
                 747
              
            
          
           
             
             
               The
               FRAGMENTS
               out
               of
               the
               Lost
               Histories
               of
               Diodorus
               the
               Sicilian
               ,
               Publish'd
               by
               
                 F.
                 Vrsinus
              
               .
            
             
               
                 A.
                 
              
               
                 
                   A
                   Chaians
                
                 refus'd
                 the
                 Gift
                 of
                 
                   Eumenes
                   ,
                   s
                
                 13.
                 
                 Page
                 779
              
               
                 —
                 Accept
                 
                 Seleucus's
                 Present
                 ,
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 Aetolians
                 in
                 great
                 Fear
                 ,
                 s
                 5.
                 783
              
               
                 —
                 Their
                 fruitless
                 Embassy
                 ,
                 s
                 8.
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 Albans
                 and
                 Romans
                 became
                 Enemies
                 to
                 one
                 another
                 ,
                 s
                 1.
                 783
              
               
                 Ambassadors
                 come
                 from
                 Rome
                 to
                 
                   Rhodes
                   ,
                   s
                
                 29.
                 779
              
               
                 Ambassadors
                 come
                 to
                 Rome
                 from
                 all
                 parts
                 ,
                 s
                 20.
                 780
              
               
                 Antiochus
                 the
                 Great
                 ,
                 s
                 6.
                 783
              
               
                 —
                 Rejects
                 
                 Scipio's
                 Advice
                 ,
                 s
                 7.
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 —
                 Freed
                 from
                 War
                 ,
                 s
                 9.
                 ibid
                 ,
              
               
                 Ariarathes
                 commended
                 by
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 s
                 24.
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Arradians
                   ,
                   s
                
                 29.
                 773
              
               
                 Asia
                 ;
                 Princes
                 of
                 Asia
                 fast
                 Friends
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Romans
                   ,
                   s
                
                 14.
                 782
              
            
             
               
                 B.
                 
              
               
                 Bocchus
                 King
                 of
                 
                   Lybia
                   ,
                   s
                
                 33.
                 782
              
               
                 —
                 Sends
                 Commissioners
                 to
                 Marius
                 to
                 crave
                 Pardon
                 for
                 his
                 Crimes
                 ,
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 —
                 Seizes
                 Jugurtha
                 ,
                 and
                 delivers
                 him
                 bound
                 ,
                 and
                 by
                 that
                 means
                 bought
                 his
                 safety
                 ,
                 ibid
              
            
             
               
                 C.
                 
              
               
                 Caria
                 assigned
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Rhodians
                   ,
                   s
                
                 10.
                 779
              
               
                 Carthaginians
                 deliver
                 themselves
                 and
                 Countrey
                 to
                 the
                 
                   Romans
                   ,
                   s
                
                 27.
                 780
              
               
                 —
                 They
                 are
                 in
                 great
                 Consternation
                 ,
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 Celtiberians
                 treat
                 for
                 Peace
                 ,
                 s
                 26.
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 Cretians
                 declared
                 Friends
                 to
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 s
                 35
                 783
              
               
                 —
                 They
                 are
                 commanded
                 to
                 send
                 in
                 all
                 their
                 Ships
                 ,
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 —
                 Are
                 divided
                 about
                 it
                 ,
                 and
                 stir
                 up
                 the
                 People
                 to
                 sedition
                 ,
                 ibid.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 D.
                 
              
               
                 Demetrius
                 sends
                 the
                 Senate
                 a
                 Crown
                 of
                 great
                 Value
                 ,
                 s
                 25.
                 780
              
            
             
               
                 E.
                 
              
               
                 Egypt
                 an
                 Excellent
                 Countrey
                 .
                 s
                 32.
                 782
              
               
                 Eumenes
                 presented
                 with
                 an
                 Ivory
                 Charriot
                 ,
                 s
                 16.
                 779
              
            
             
               
                 F.
                 
              
               
                 Flamininus
                 sent
                 to
                 Rome
                 ,
                 discharges
                 the
                 Italian
                 Servants
                 ,
                 s
                 3.
                 782
              
               
                 —
                 He
                 treats
                 with
                 Antiochus
                 his
                 Ambassador
                 ,
                 s
                 4.
                 ibid.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 G.
                 
              
               
                 Gallatians
                 or
                 Gallogreeks
                 ,
                 send
                 Ambassadors
                 to
                 treat
                 for
                 Peace
                 ,
                 and
                 are
                 refus'd
                 ,
                 s
                 11.
                 779
              
            
             
               
                 H.
                 
              
               
                 Heraclides
                 sent
                 to
                 Treat
                 about
                 a
                 Peace
                 ,
                 s
                 6.
                 783
              
            
             
               
                 I.
                 
              
               
                 Jugurtha
                 sent
                 for
                 and
                 seized
                 ,
                 s
                 33.
                 782
              
            
             
               
                 M.
                 
              
               
                 Marathum
                 deliver'd
                 up
                 ,
                 s
                 28.
                 773
              
               
                 
                   Mark
                   Anthony
                
                 makes
                 Peace
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Cretians
                   ,
                   s
                
                 35
                 783
              
               
                 
                   Mi
                   〈…〉
                   idates
                
                 endeavours
                 to
                 corrupt
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 s
                 34.
                 782
              
            
             
               
                 N.
                 
              
               
                 Numantines
                 treat
                 with
                 the
                 Romans
                 for
                 a
                 Peace
                 ,
                 s
                 3.
                 773
              
               
                 —
                 They
                 renew
                 the
                 War
                 with
                 the
                 
                   Romans
                   ,
                   ibid.
                
                 
              
            
             
               
                 P.
                 
              
               
                 Perseus
                 ;
                 War
                 decreed
                 against
                 him
                 by
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 s
                 17.
                 779
              
               
                 —
                 Commanded
                 to
                 mend
                 his
                 manners
                 ,
                 s
                 15
                 779
              
               
                 Philip
                 freed
                 from
                 Tribute
                 ,
                 and
                 his
                 Son
                 Demetrius
                 discharg'd
                 ,
                 s
                 4
                 783
              
               
                 Prusias
                 ;
                 his
                 base
                 and
                 shameful
                 Catriage
                 ,
                 s
                 22.
                 780
              
               
                 Ptolemy
                 endeavours
                 to
                 gain
                 
                   Caelo-Syria
                   ,
                   s
                
                 18.
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 
                   —
                   Ptolemy
                
                 the
                 Elder
                 ;
                 his
                 Ambassadors
                 rejected
                 ,
                 f
                 23
                 780
              
               
                 Ptolemy
                 the
                 younger
                 in
                 favour
                 with
                 the
                 Senate
                 ,
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 
                   Ptolemy
                   Euergetes
                
                 meets
                 the
                 Ambassadors
                 in
                 Pomp
                 and
                 State
                 ,
                 s
                 32.
                 782
              
               
                 —
                 Shews
                 them
                 his
                 Palace
                 and
                 Treasure
                 ,
                 ibid.
                 
              
            
             
               
               
                 R.
                 
              
               
                 Rhodians
                 exceedingly
                 afraid
                 ,
                 s
                 19
                 779
              
               
                 —
                 Deliver'd
                 from
                 their
                 Fears
                 ,
                 780
              
               
                 Romans
                 jealous
                 of
                 
                   Eumenes
                   ,
                   s
                
                 21
                 780
              
               
                 
                   —
                   Roman
                
                 Ambassadors
                 slight
                 
                 Ptolemy's
                 Rarities
                 and
                 fins
                 Things
                 ,
                 s
                 32.
                 782
              
               
                 —
                 Admire
                 the
                 Populousness
                 and
                 Situation
                 of
                 his
                 Country
                 ,
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 —
                 Travel
                 through
                 the
                 World
                 ,
                 ibid.
                 
              
               
                 —
                 Return
                 highly
                 applauded
                 ,
                 ibid.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 S.
                 
              
               
                 Saturnius
                 after
                 condemn'd
                 to
                 die
                 ,
                 rescued
                 by
                 the
                 People
                 and
                 declared
                 Tribune
                 ,
                 s
                 34.
                 782
              
               
                 Scipio
                 and
                 his
                 Delegates
                 highly
                 applauded
                 ,
                 s
                 32.
                 782
              
            
             
               
                 T.
                 
              
               
                 Termisian
                 Ambassadors
                 ,
                 s
                 30.
                 773
              
               
                 Tryphon
                 of
                 a
                 private
                 Man
                 made
                 King
                 ,
                 s
                 31.
                 773
              
            
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
         
      
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A36034-e20820
           
             Ulysses
             .
          
           
             In
             Hell.
             
          
           
             Or
             by
             a
             Divine
             Mouth
             of
             History
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Worthy
             Men
             of
             Language
             .
          
           
             Those
             that
             meet
             with
             it
             .
          
           
             A
             Divine
             Person
             ,
             or
             a
             God.
             
          
           
             A.
             M.
             3896.
             
             Isaacson
             .
          
           
             A.
             M.
             2848.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e21700
           
             Of
             the
             Opinions
             of
             the
             first
             Generation
             of
             Men.
             
          
           
             *
             Gr.
             Without
             Generation
             or
             Corruption
             .
          
           
             Of
             the
             Beginning
             of
             the
             World.
             
          
           
             †
             Gr.
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Mice
             bred
             of
             Mud
             in
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             Mens
             first
             manner
             of
             Life
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Who
             were
             the
             First
             Kings
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             Men
             in
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             A
             Tree
             yielding
             most
             sweet
             and
             delicious
             Fruit.
             See
             Plin.
             Nat.
             Hist
             .
             
               lib.
               13.
               c.
            
             17.
             
          
           
             †
             Corchorum
             ,
             Plin.
             
               Nat.
               Hist
            
             .
             lib.
             21.
             c.
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             
               Osiris
               ,
               Isis
               ,
               Ceres
               ,
               Oceanus
            
             and
             Minerva
             ,
             the
             most
             antient
             Egyptian
             Gods.
             
          
           
             〈◊〉
             Odys
             .
             〈◊〉
             Ver.
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Cold.
             
          
           
             Jupiter
             ,
             Spirit
             .
          
           
             Hom.
             〈…〉
             d.
             8.
             
             Ver.
             54●
             .
          
           
             Vulcan
             ,
             Fire
             .
          
           
             Metera
             ,
             The
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Oceanus
             ,
             Water
             .
          
           
             Hom.
             Ilia
             .
             14.
             
             Ver.
             302.
             
          
           
             Minerva
             ,
             Air.
             
          
           
             *
             Homer
             .
          
           
             The
             Earthly
             Gods
             of
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             Vulcan
             the
             first
             Inventer
             of
             Fire
             .
          
           
             This
             Saturn
             is
             judg'd
             upon
             good
             grounds
             to
             be
             
               Naoh
               .
               Boccard
               .
               Phaleg
            
             .
             lib.
             1.
             c.
             1.
             f.
             1.
             
             
               Stilling
               .
               Orig.
               Sacr.
            
             lib.
             5.
             c.
             5.
             
             Sect.
             8.
             
          
           
             †
             These
             were
             Five
             Days
             added
             to
             the
             end
             of
             every
             Year
             ,
             to
             make
             up
             their
             former
             Year
             to
             consist
             of
             365
             Days
             .
             See
             the
             Reason
             ,
             
               Orig.
               Sacr.
            
             9●
             ,
             91.
             
          
           
             This
             Osiris
             was
             call'd
             Apis
             ,
             and
             was
             King
             of
             Argos
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             of
             Egypt
             .
             Vid.
             
               Strab.
               Plin.
            
             about
             the
             time
             of
             
             Jacob's
             leaving
             
               Laban
               ,
               Anno
               Mund.
            
             2205
             ,
             before
             Christ
             1744.
             
             
               Hely
               .
               Cron.
            
             but
             by
             
               Isaacson
               ,
               Ann.
               Mund.
            
             2778.
             
          
           
             Osiris
             built
             Thebes
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Golden
             Temples
             .
          
           
             *
             Homer
             .
          
           
             †
             Mercury
             ,
             or
             Hermes
             his
             Inventions
             .
             This
             Mercury
             is
             supposed
             to
             be
             Joseph
             ,
             by
             Bochart
             .
             Vid.
             Crale
             ,
             Court
             of
             the
             Gent.
             Part
             1.
             
               lib.
               1.
               c.
               4.
               p.
            
             45.
             
          
           
             *
             Of
             the
             exact
             framing
             of
             a
             Body
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             †
             The
             same
             with
             Cham.
             
          
           
             *
             C
             ham
             call'd
             Pan.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Inundation
             of
             Nile
             .
          
           
             †
             Aetos
             in
             Greek
             ,
             because
             an
             Eagle
             is
             quick
             ,
             lively
             and
             swift
             .
          
           
             *
             Shot
             through
             .
          
           
             Nysa
             in
             India
             .
          
           
             Beer
             anciently
             .
          
           
             This
             Osiris
             was
             mur●her'd
             about
             the
             time
             Jacob
             with
             his
             whole
             Family
             came
             into
             Egypt
             :
             As
             〈◊〉
             H●lvicus
             Cro.
             
               An.
               Mund.
               2239.
               
               Vid.
            
             Sir
             
               Walter
               Rawl
            
             .
             History
             ,
             
               lib.
               2.
               part
               1.
               cap.
               2.
               sect
               .
            
             5.
             
             That
             this
             Osiris
             was
             Misraim
             ,
             the
             Son
             of
             Cham.
             
          
           
             In
             the
             time
             of
             this
             
               Orus
               ,
               Jacob
            
             is
             said
             to
             come
             into
             Egypt
             .
             Sir
             
               Walter
               Rawl
               .
               lib.
               2.
               part
               1.
               c.
               2.
               sect
               .
               5.
               
               Helvicus
            
             says
             in
             the
             time
             of
             
               Osiris
               ,
               An.
               Mun.
            
             2239.
             
          
           
             Apis
             and
             Mnevis
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             of
             Thebais
             the
             higher
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             †
             Noise
             and
             rude
             Shoutings
             at
             the
             Feasts
             of
             Bacchus
             .
          
           
             *
             Mizraim
             the
             Son
             of
             Cham.
             
          
           
             †
             These
             must
             be
             understood
             Lunary
             Years
             of
             Thirty
             Days
             ,
             as
             the
             Egyptians
             us'd
             to
             account
             .
             
               Vid.
               Plut.
               Numa
               ,
               Lact.
            
             lib.
             2.
             c.
             12.
             p.
             118.
             
             Orus
             the
             Son
             of
             Osiris
             ,
             was
             Born
             
               An.
               Mund.
               1778.
            
             
             Alexander's
             Conquest
             of
             
               Egypt
               ,
               An.
               Mun.
            
             3661.
             which
             is
             1889
             Years
             after
             ,
             which
             makes
             up
             22996
             Lunar
             Years
             ,
             and
             15
             Days
             ,
             which
             comes
             near
             to
             this
             Account
             of
             Diodorus
             .
             Orig.
             Sacr.
             c.
             5.
             
          
           
             Orpheus
             .
          
           
             *
             Osiris
             was
             call'd
             Dionysus
             or
             Bacchus
             .
          
           
             The
             Stories
             of
             the
             Heroes
             and
             Gods
             the
             Grecians
             deriv'd
             from
             the
             Egyptians
             .
          
           
             *
             Juno
             is
             called
             by
             the
             
               Greeks
               ,
               Heras
            
             ,
             and
             
               Hercules
               ,
               Heracles
            
             .
          
           
             †
             A
             Lawgiver
             .
          
           
             Orus
             the
             last
             of
             the
             Gods
             ,
             King
             of
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Lunary
             Years
             ,
             30
             Days
             a
             Month.
             
          
           
             †
             So
             that
             there
             was
             Three
             Years
             in
             one
             Solar
             Year
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Times
             or
             Seasons
             .
          
           
             Obedience
             to
             Wives
             in
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             Colonies
             out
             of
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             Babylonians
             .
          
           
             *
             Cholchians
             ,
             Jews
             .
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Circumcision
             .
          
           
             †
             Athenians
             ,
             The
             Saits
             of
             the
             City
             Sais
             near
             one
             of
             the
             Mouths
             of
             Nile
             in
             Delta
             ,
             in
             the
             lower
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Nobility
             .
          
           
             †
             Tillers
             of
             the
             Ground
             .
          
           
             Captains
             out
             of
             Egypt
             .
             Vid.
             
               Plutarch
               Theseus
            
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Fourth
             King
             of
             Athens
             ,
             time
             of
             the
             Exodus
             of
             the
             Children
             of
             Israel
             .
          
           
             †
             This
             seems
             to
             be
             the
             Seven
             Years
             Famine
             .
             Scarcity
             all
             over
             the
             World
             but
             in
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             *
             Priests
             or
             Magistrates
             of
             Athens
             .
          
           
             †
             
               Pastaphori
               ,
               Egyptian
            
             Priests
             ,
             who
             carry'd
             the
             Coat
             of
             Venus
             ,
             whose
             Name
             was
             Pastos
             .
          
           
             †
             Lake
             of
             
               Serbon
               ,
               Plin.
            
             Na.
             Hist
             .
             
               lib.
               5.
               c.
            
             1●
             .
             In
             his
             time
             but
             a
             small
             Lake
             ,
             said
             to
             be
             once
             50
             Miles
             in
             compass
             .
          
           
             *
             Barathrum
             ,
             a
             deep
             Gulf.
             
          
           
             †
             The
             Medeterranean
             .
          
           
             *
             Five
             Thousand
             Furlongs
             .
             Eight
             Hundred
             Miles
             .
          
           
             †
             320
             Miles
             .
          
           
             *
             960
             Miles
             .
          
           
             The
             nature
             of
             Nile
             .
          
           
             †
             1920
             Miles
             .
          
           
             *
             About
             3
             Miles
             .
          
           
             Cataracts
             .
          
           
             Meroe
             .
          
           
             †
             3000
             Furlongs
             is
             about
             360
             Miles
             .
          
           
             *
             Note
             ,
             Above
             he
             says
             it
             was
             but
             22
             Furlongs
             broad
             ;
             now
             1000
             ,
             which
             is
             about
             120
             Miles
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Cynocephales
             ,
             Monkies
             that
             have
             Heads
             like
             Dogs
             ,
             are
             fierce
             and
             cruel
             ,
             Plin.
             Nat.
             Hist
             .
             
               lib.
               8.
               c.
            
             54.
             
          
           
             *
             δ.
             
          
           
             The
             Mouths
             of
             Nile
             .
          
           
             †
             Now
             Damiata
             .
             1.
             
             Pelusian
             .
             2.
             
             Tanitian
             .
             3.
             
             Mendesian
             .
             4.
             
             Pathmetian
             ,
             or
             Fatnian
             ,
             by
             Strabo
             .
             5.
             
             Sebinnitian
             ,
             6.
             
             Bolbinitian
             .
             7.
             
             Canopian
             .
          
           
             Attempt
             to
             cut
             through
             the
             Isthmus
             to
             the
             
               Red
               Sea.
            
             
          
           
             
             Ptolemy's
             River
             .
          
           
             †
             The
             Red
             Sea.
             
          
           
             *
             Asinoe
             ,
             now
             Azirus
             .
          
           
             †
             A
             Snail
             's
             Shell
             .
          
           
             Lotus
             ,
             Vid.
             Plin.
             
               Nat.
               Hist
            
             .
             lib.
             13.
             c.
             17.
             
             Ciborium
             .
          
           
             *
             Persica
             ,
             Plin.
             
               Nat.
               Hist
            
             .
             lib.
             13.
             c.
             9.
             
             Sycamore
             ,
             Plin.
             
               Nat.
               Hist
            
             .
             lib.
             13.
             c.
             7.
             
             Bates
             .
          
           
             Zythus
             .
          
           
             Cici
             .
          
           
             The
             Beasts
             of
             
               Nile
               .
               Crocodile
            
             ,
             Vid.
             Plin.
             lib.
             8.
             c.
             25.
             
          
           
             Ichneumon
             ;
          
           
             †
             Hippopotamus
             ,
             or
             Sea-Horse
             ,
             Vid.
             Plin.
             
               Nat.
               Hist
            
             .
             lib.
             8.
             c.
             25.
             
          
           
             Abundance
             of
             Fish
             in
             Nile
             .
          
           
             *
             June
             10th
             .
          
           
             †
             Sept.
             10th
             .
          
           
             *
             Now
             Grand
             Cairo
             .
          
           
             Controversies
             about
             the
             overflowing
             of
             Nile
             .
          
           
             †
             Bolgii
             .
          
           
             Yearly
             Winds
             .
          
           
             *
             Our
             Winter
             .
          
           
             Democritus
             .
          
           
             Plin.
             
               Nat.
               His
            
             .
             lib.
             2.
             c.
             47.
             
          
           
             Ephorus
             .
          
           
             *
             This
             is
             now
             found
             to
             be
             the
             true
             Reason
             at
             this
             day
             .
          
           
             †
             From
             the
             10th
             of
             June
             to
             the
             10th
             of
             September
             .
          
           
             Their
             first
             way
             of
             Living
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             from
             his
             lightness
             .
          
           
             †
             Mercury
             .
          
           
             The
             Kings
             of
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             *
             Heroes
             .
          
           
             †
             Ant.
             Ch.
             58.
             
          
           
             *
             
               Ptolemy
               Dionysius
            
             the
             Younger
             ,
             before
             Christ
             ,
             58
             ,
             reign'd
             with
             Cleopatra
             the
             Year
             before
             Christ
             ,
             49.
             
          
           
             1.
             
             Menas
             the
             First
             King
             after
             the
             Gods.
             
          
           
             2.
             
             Gnephachthus
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Busiris
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             City
             of
             the
             Sun.
             
          
           
             †
             About
             20
             Miles
             .
             Thebes
             built
             .
          
           
             Hom.
             Illiad
             .
             lib.
             9.
             
          
           
             *
             Almost
             Two
             Miles
             .
          
           
             Sepulchres
             .
          
           
             †
             67
             Foot.
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             16
             Cubits
             high
             ;
             
               i.
               e.
            
             44
             Foot.
             
          
           
             *
             Twelve
             Foot
             
          
           
             †
             Forty
             Foot.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Gallery
             or
             Cloyster
             .
          
           
             ‖
             Three
             Thousand
             and
             Two
             Hundred
             times
             Ten
             Thousand
             of
             
             Mina's
             ,
             every
             
               Mina
               3l
               .
               2s
               .
               6d
               .
            
             That
             is
             ,
             Ninety
             Six
             Millions
             of
             Pounds
             Sterl
             ,
             and
             Sixteen
             Thousand
             Millions
             of
             Crowns
             .
          
           
             Astrology
             of
             the
             Thebans
             .
          
           
             Vchoreus
             ,
             the
             Builder
             of
             Memphis
             .
          
           
             †
             δ
             Delta
             .
          
           
             Alexandria
             .
          
           
             The
             Name
             of
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             Miris
             or
             Maris
             
               his
               Lake
               .
               See
            
             Herodotus
             ,
             Euterpe
             ,
             
               lib.
               2.
               c.
            
             149.
             
          
           
             *
             Ten
             Schaenes
             ,
             every
             Schaene
             32
             Furlongs
             ,
             is
             about
             48
             Miles
             ,
             but
             some
             say
             a
             Schaene
             is
             60
             Furlongs
             ,
             then
             it
             's
             90
             Miles
             and
             upwards
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             Three
             Plethras
             .
          
           
             Now
             in
             being
             ,
             Eight
             Leagues
             in
             compass
             only
             .
          
           
             †
             Sweet
             Ointments
             ,
             and
             other
             fine
             things
             .
          
           
             *
             Sesostris
             in
             the
             time
             the
             Israelites
             were
             in
             Egypt
             .
             Sir
             
               Walter
               Rawl
            
             .
          
           
             †
             Bards
             .
             
               Vsh
               .
               Ann.
            
             says
             he
             was
             the
             Son
             of
             Amenophis
             ,
             that
             was
             drown'd
             in
             the
             
               Red
               Sea
            
             ,
             in
             the
             Year
             of
             the
             World
             2513
             ,
             and
             this
             Expedition
             was
             the
             Nine
             First
             Years
             of
             the
             Children
             of
             
             Israel's
             being
             in
             the
             Wilderness
             ,
             
               Vsh
               .
               Ann.
            
             p.
             20.
             
          
           
             *
             27
             Miles
             .
          
           
             †
             Provinces
             .
          
           
             *
             Nomarchus
             .
          
           
             
             Sesostris's
             Expedition
             .
          
           
             Sesostris
             his
             Death
             .
          
           
             Sesostris
             the
             Second
             ,
             call'd
             Phero
             ,
             by
             Herodotus
             .
          
           
             Herodot
             .
             
               lib.
               2.
               c.
            
             11.
             
          
           
             Ammosis
             .
          
           
             Actisanes
             .
          
           
             Vid.
             Plin.
             Nat.
             Hist
             .
             lib.
             10.
             c.
             23.
             the
             Description
             of
             these
             Quails
             .
          
           
             ‖
             Mendes
             .
          
           
             Proteus
             ,
             Cetes
             .
          
           
             *
             To
             have
             knowledge
             of
             the
             Winds
             .
          
           
             Remphis
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             Chembes
             .
          
           
             *
             About
             20
             Miles
             .
             Pyramids
             .
          
           
             †
             Seven
             Plethras
             .
          
           
             *
             Three
             Yards
             .
          
           
             
               Cephres
               ,
               Chabryis
            
             .
             Suppos'd
             to
             Reign
             in
             the
             time
             of
             David
             ,
             and
             the
             beginning
             of
             
             Solomon's
             Reign
             ,
             Helv-Chron
             .
             42.
             
          
           
             Mycerinus
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             Three
             Plethras
             .
          
           
             Uncertain
             who
             built
             the
             Pyramids
             .
          
           
             *
             Ammosis
             .
          
           
             †
             Maronas
             .
          
           
             Bocchoris
             ,
             in
             the
             Reign
             of
             Vzziab
             King
             of
             
               Judah
               ,
               An.
               Mun.
            
             3283
             ,
             before
             Christ
             766.
             
             
               Helv.
               Cron.
            
             
          
           
             Sabacon
             ,
             or
             Sabaco
             ,
             taken
             to
             be
             so
             ,
             who
             joyn'd
             with
             Hoshea
             King
             of
             Isreal
             .
          
           
             Persons
             to
             work
             in
             Chains
             ,
             instead
             of
             being
             put
             to
             Death
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             The
             Lord.
             Anarchy
             .
          
           
             Twelve
             Kings
             reign
             lovingly
             in
             
               Egypt
               .
               Herodot
            
             .
             lib.
             2.
             c.
             147.
             
          
           
             Psammeticus
             .
             An.
             Mu.
             3288.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             669.
             29
             
             
               Year
               of
            
             Manasseth
             
               King
               of
            
             Judah
             .
          
           
             Herodotus
             ,
             lib.
             2.
             c.
             151.
             
          
           
             
             Psammeticu's
             Army
             revolt
             .
          
           
             Apries
             .
          
           
             Amasis
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             63.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             523.
             
          
           
             The
             Customs
             of
             the
             Egyptians
             .
          
           
             The
             way
             of
             Living
             of
             the
             First
             Kings
             of
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             Hours
             set
             apart
             .
          
           
             The
             Priests
             Prayers
             for
             the
             King.
             
          
           
             *
             Atton'd
             the
             Gods
             by
             Sacrifice
             .
             History
             read
             .
          
           
             Diet.
             
          
           
             Judgment
             not
             to
             be
             given
             to
             gratify
             the
             King's
             Passion
             .
          
           
             Burial
             of
             the
             Kings
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Dirt
             
          
           
             The
             Division
             of
             Egypt
             into
             Three
             Parts
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             do
             not
             drown
             them
             .
          
           
             All
             to
             follow
             their
             own
             Trades
             and
             no
             other
             .
          
           
             Courts
             of
             Justice
             .
          
           
             The
             Law
             proceedings
             .
          
           
             *
             To
             shew
             that
             Truth
             was
             on
             his
             side
             .
          
           
             Laws
             of
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             Laws
             Military
             
          
           
             Secrets
             reveal'd
             to
             Enemies
             Coyning
             ,
             Forgery
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Rape
             .
          
           
             Adultery
             .
          
           
             Deb
             〈…〉
             Usury
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             Moderation
             of
             Usery
             .
          
           
             〈◊〉
             
          
           
             Marriage
             .
          
           
             *
             Flags
             call'd
             Papyre
             ,
             with
             which
             they
             made
             Books
             ,
             and
             therefore
             sometimes
             call'd
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             a
             Book
             .
          
           
             †
             Twenty
             Drachma's
             amount
             to
             
               12s
               .
               6●
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Periodical
             Motions
             from
             West
             to
             East
             ,
             by
             force
             of
             the
             
               Primum
               Mobile
            
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Sterigmus
             ,
             their
             stops
             ,
             and
             then
             return
             like
             the
             Tropicks
             .
          
           
             Arts.
             
          
           
             Physicians
             .
          
           
             Beasts
             ador'd
             by
             the
             Egyptians
             .
          
           
             *
             Ichneumon
             ,
             the
             Indian
             Rat
             ,
             Vid.
             Plin.
             Nat.
             Hist
             .
             
               lib.
               29.
               c.
            
             4.
             and
             
               lib.
               8.
               c.
            
             24.
             
             He
             kills
             Asps
             ,
             and
             the
             Crocodile
             .
          
           
             †
             Ibis
             ,
             a
             Bird
             the
             Egyptians
             pray
             unto
             when
             they
             are
             troubled
             with
             Serpents
             ,
             Plin.
             lib.
             10.
             c.
             28.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             †
             Or
             Mneus
             ,
             an
             Ox
             dedicated
             to
             the
             Sun.
             Strabo
             ,
             lib.
             17.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             in
             Leontopolis
             .
          
           
             Costs
             of
             Burial
             of
             Sacred
             Beasts
             .
          
           
             †
             Or
             Bull.
             
          
           
             Reasons
             given
             for
             this
             Adoration
             .
          
           
             *
             Hobgoblins
             .
          
           
             *
             Of
             the
             City
             of
             Wolves
             .
          
           
             
             Crocodil's
             why
             ador'd
             .
          
           
             Menas
             pursu'd
             by
             his
             own
             Dogs
             ,
             sav'd
             by
             a
             Crocodile
             .
          
           
             Their
             Burials
             .
          
           
             *
             About
             62
             
               l.
               10
               s.
            
             
          
           
             †
             The
             Dissector
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Imbalmers
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             Godliness
             ,
             2.
             
             Righteousness
             ,
             3.
             
             Sobriety
             commended
             by
             the
             Heathens
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             in
             the
             infernal
             Region
             .
          
           
             Lawmakers
             in
             EGIPT
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             Mnevis
             .
          
           
             *
             
               A
               People
               in
            
             Sarmatia
             ,
             in
             Muscovy
             .
          
           
             †
             A
             People
             of
             Scythia
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Sasyches
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Sesostris
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Bocchoris
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             Amasis
             .
          
           
             3
             or
             4
             years
             before
             the
             death
             of
             Nebuchadnezzar
             ,
             before
             Christ
             ,
             567.
             
          
           
             *
             Afterwards
             crucify'd
             by
             Oroetis
             ,
             Governor
             of
             
               Sardis
               ,
               Olymp.
               64.
               
               Her.
            
             l.
             3.
             c.
             125.
             
          
           
             Many
             Grecians
             travell'd
             into
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             Homer
             Odyss
             .
             lib.
             24
             in
             the
             beginning
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Ocean
             .
             Ogilb
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Fifty
             .
          
           
             †
             This
             Fable
             of
             the
             Ass
             is
             feign'd
             by
             Cratinus
             ,
             an
             Athenian
             Comedian
             who
             flourish'd
             in
             the
             81.
             
             Olymp.
             he
             feigns
             one
             in
             Hell
             twisting
             a
             Rope
             and
             an
             Ass
             gnawing
             in
             pieces
             what
             he
             had
             done
             .
             Whence
             the
             Proverb
             ,
             
               Contorquet
               piger
               funiculum
            
             .
             See
             Pausanias
             in
             Phoc.
             c.
             29.
             where
             the
             person
             twisting
             the
             Rope
             is
             call'd
             Ocnus
             ,
             signifying
             
               Slothful
               .
               Funiculum
               intorquet
               longum
               dextra
               impiger
            
             Ocnus
             .
             
               Moxque
               asina
               intortum
               ventre
               profunda
               vorat
               .
            
             Alciat
             .
             Embl.
             91.
             
          
           
             *
             Carvers
             of
             Images
             in
             Stone
             .
          
           
             †
             Of
             Apollo
             before-mention'd
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e46540
           
             Ninus
             ,
             Ann.
             Mun.
             2737.
             
             
               Vsher's
               Ann.
            
             Time
             of
             Deborah
             ;
             but
             generally
             Chronologers
             make
             him
             far
             more
             antient
             ,
             
               Ann.
               Mun.
               2000
               ,
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             1950
             ,
             about
             the
             time
             of
             
             Abraham's
             Birth
             .
          
           
             Crucify'd
             .
          
           
             Ninus
             Conquers
             several
             Countries
             .
          
           
             *
             Mediterranean
             .
          
           
             Ninive
             built
             .
          
           
             *
             About
             23
             Miles
             .
          
           
             †
             About
             74
             Miles
             .
          
           
             *
             Ninive
             .
          
           
             Semiramis
             her
             Descent
             .
          
           
             †
             This
             was
             the
             
               Philistines
               Dagon
            
             .
             Vid.
             
               Ovid.
               Met.
            
             lib.
             4.
             
          
           
             
             Ninus's
             Expedition
             against
             Bactria
             .
          
           
             Semiramis
             builds
             Babylon
             .
          
           
             Semiramis
             Reign'd
             ,
             Ann.
             Mund.
             2006
             ,
             Ant.
             Chr.
             2944.
             
             Petavius
             says
             ,
             Abraham
             
               was
               born
               in
               the
               24.
               h
               Year
               of
               her
               Reign
               ,
            
             lib.
             1.
             c.
             2.
             
          
           
             *
             Bitumen
             ,
             Asphaltes
             .
          
           
             †
             Orgya
             ,
             is
             6
             Foot
             ;
             so
             50
             
             Crgya's
             is
             100
             Yards
             .
          
           
             *
             7
             Miles
             and
             an
             half
             .
          
           
             †
             50
             Origia
             '
             s.
             
          
           
             *
             Banqueting
             Houses
             .
          
           
             †
             Almost
             40
             Miles
             .
          
           
             A
             Passage
             made
             under
             Water
             from
             one
             Palace
             to
             another
             .
          
           
             
             Jupiter's
             Temple
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             Altar
             .
          
           
             See
             
               Qu
               Curtius
            
             lib.
             5.
             
             Sect.
             1.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Such
             as
             we
             call
             Plaister
             of
             Paris
             .
          
           
             †
             The
             Persi
             Gulf.
             
          
           
             The
             gr
             〈…〉
             Stone
             〈◊〉
             of
             the
             〈…〉
             tains
             by
             
               〈…〉
               ramis
            
             .
          
           
             Ob●los
             in
             
               Gre
               〈…〉
            
             signifies
             a
             S
             〈…〉
             
          
           
             Strange
             Properties
             of
             a
             Morass
             .
          
           
             Her
             several
             Expeditions
             .
          
           
             The
             wonderful
             Lake
             in
             Ethiopia
             .
          
           
             Burials
             in
             Ethiopia
             .
          
           
             *
             An
             high
             form
             or
             block
             ;
          
           
             Her
             Expedition
             into
             India
             .
          
           
             Mock-Elephants
             .
          
           
             *
             500000
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             but
             in
             the
             margent
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             200000.
             
          
           
             *
             Breastplates
             .
          
           
             Her
             End.
             But
             others
             say
             she
             was
             kill'd
             by
             her
             Son
             Ninyas
             soliciting
             him
             to
             incestuous
             Embraces
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Ninyas
             .
          
           
             Sardanapalus
             .
             The
             Assyrian
             Empire
             to
             Sardanapalus
             continu'd
             1360
             Years
             .
             This
             is
             
             Justin's
             Account
             ,
             and
             agrees
             best
             with
             the
             Holy
             Scriptures
             :
             So
             
               Velleius
               Paterculus
            
             agrees
             ,
             and
             the
             Reign
             of
             Belus
             or
             Nimrod
             ,
             55
             Years
             .
             The
             beginning
             of
             his
             Reign
             falls
             in
             
               Ann.
               Mun.
            
             1718.
             
             And
             Sardanapalus
             his
             Fall
             ,
             was
             in
             
               Ann.
               Mun.
            
             3078
             ,
             in
             the
             19th
             of
             Jehu
             ,
             543
             Years
             before
             the
             Taking
             of
             Babylon
             by
             Alexander
             the
             Great
             ,
             
               Ant
               ;
               Chr.
            
             872
             ,
             Vid.
             
             Helvicus's
             Chron.
             
          
           
             *
             Teutamus
             .
          
           
             Sardanapalus
             the
             Thirtieth
             King
             ,
             and
             the
             last
             .
          
           
             *
             By
             Sodomy
             .
          
           
             Epitaph
             .
          
           
             †
             
               Cli
               〈…〉
            
             ,
             vide
             
               〈…〉
               neus
            
             ,
             lib.
             12.
             
             Clemens
             ,
             lib.
             2.
             
             Strom.
             
          
           
             Cicero
             .
             Tusc
             .
             lib.
             5.
             
          
           
             
               What
               once
               I
               gorg'd
               I
               now
               injoy
               ,
               
            
             
               And
               wanton
               Lusts
               me
               still
               imploy
               .
            
             
               All
               other
               things
               by
               Mortals
               priz'd
               ,
            
             
               Are
               left
               as
               Dirt
               by
               me
               despis'd
               .
            
          
           
             An
             Epitaph
             fitter
             for
             an
             Ox
             than
             a
             Man.
             says
             Aristotle
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e51080
           
             Arbaces
             .
          
           
             *
             2
             Kin.
             20.
             
             〈◊〉
             .
             call'd
             Baladan
             ,
             and
             Isa
             .
             39.
             1.
             
             Ush
             .
             Ann.
             61.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             747.
             
          
           
             Nineve
             raz'd
             .
          
           
             
               Ann.
               Mund.
            
             3080.
             
             Before
             Christ
             868.
             
             Herodotus
             says
             ,
             
               lib.
               1.
               c.
            
             95
             ,
             but
             520
             Years
             from
             Ninus
             ,
             which
             Vsher
             follows
             ;
             so
             that
             Ninus
             falls
             in
             with
             the
             times
             of
             Deborah
             ,
             as
             is
             before
             observ'd
             ,
             against
             the
             Stream
             of
             all
             Chronologers
             almost
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e53380
           
             A
             Description
             of
             the
             Chaldeans
             .
          
           
             P.
             82.
             
          
           
             *
             Sol
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             †
             Mars
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             *
             Venus
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             †
             Mercury
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Jupiter
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             Stars
             ,
             Counselling
             Gods.
             
          
           
             P.
             83.
             
          
           
             The
             Course
             of
             the
             Sun
             ,
             Moon
             ,
             and
             the
             Five
             other
             Planets
             .
          
           
             Empire
             of
             the
             Medes
             .
          
           
             *
             Cyaxares
             besieges
             Nineve
             ,
             and
             taketh
             it
             
               An.
               Mun.
            
             3348
             ;
             about
             3
             or
             4
             years
             after
             the
             death
             of
             Josiah
             ,
             before
             Christ
             600.
             
             Herod
             .
          
           
             †
             Conquered
             by
             
               Cyrus
               An.
               Mun.
            
             3391.
             
             Before
             Christ
             557.
             
          
           
             *
             Arsaeus
             .
          
           
             †
             A
             People
             of
             Scythia
             .
          
           
             P.
             85.
             
          
           
             India
             .
          
           
             About
             3200
             Miles
             .
          
           
             *
             When
             the
             Sun
             enters
             Capricorn
             ,
             it
             is
             their
             Summer
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Rather
             under
             the
             Equinoctial
             Line
             .
          
           
             *
             Arctus
             .
          
           
             †
             Arcturus
             ,
             Charles
             '
             
               s
               Wain
            
             ;
             i.
             e.
             
               towards
               the
            
             South
             .
          
           
             P.
             86.
             
          
           
             *
             Beginning
             of
             June
             .
          
           
             Rivers
             .
             Ganges
             .
          
           
             †
             Something
             above
             Three
             Mile
             .
          
           
             Indus
             .
          
           
             P.
             87.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
             Jupiter's
             Thigh
             .
          
           
             P.
             88.
             
          
           
             The
             Indian
             Law
             concerning
             their
             Liberties
             .
          
           
             The
             division
             of
             the
             People
             .
             1
             Tribe
             ,
             Philosophers
             .
          
           
             2d
             Tribe
             ,
             Husbandmen
             .
          
           
             3d
             Tribe
             ,
             The
             Shepherds
             and
             Herdsmen
             .
          
           
             4th
             Tribe
             ,
             Artificers
             .
          
           
             P.
             89.
             
          
           
             5th
             Tribe
             ,
             Souldiers
             .
          
           
             6th
             Tribe
             ,
             Ephori
             .
          
           
             7th
             Tribe
             ,
             Senators
             .
          
           
             Elephants
             .
          
           
             16
             Months
             with
             Young.
             
          
           
             Scythia
             ,
             its
             Description
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Euxine
             Sea.
             
          
           
             †
             Maeotis
             ,
             a
             Lake
             brancht
             from
             the
             Euxine
             Sea
             ,
             now
             call'd
             the
             
               Black
               Sea.
            
             
          
           
             P.
             90.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Indian
             Sea.
             
          
           
             *
             Tomiris
             ,
             Justin
             .
          
           
             An
             Account
             of
             the
             Amazons
             ,
             in
             Sarmatia
             ,
             in
             Asia
             ,
             in
             the
             North
             part
             of
             Kussia
             ,
             and
             beyond
             Northward
             .
          
           
             Laws
             of
             the
             Amazons
             .
          
           
             *
             Without
             a
             Breast
             .
          
           
             P.
             91.
             
          
           
             †
             This
             Euristheus
             was
             King
             of
             Mysena
             ,
             who
             put
             Hercules
             upon
             all
             his
             Difficulties
             ,
             on
             purpose
             to
             destroy
             him
             .
          
           
             Hyperboreans
             .
          
           
             *
             This
             seems
             to
             be
             Brittain
             .
          
           
             †
             Or
             rather
             very
             far
             North.
             
          
           
             P.
             92.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             Things
             dedicated
             to
             the
             Gods.
             
          
           
             19
             Years
             ,
             the
             Great
             Year
             .
          
           
             *
             10th
             of
             March.
             
          
           
             †
             In
             September
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e58140
           
             Arabia
             .
          
           
             Nabateans
             ,
             a
             Desert
             ,
             dry
             and
             barren
             Country
             .
          
           
             *
             
               The
               Lake
               of
            
             Sodom
             ,
             or
             Dead-Sea
             and
             Asphaltes
             .
          
           
             †
             60
             Miles
             .
          
           
             *
             Betwixt
             7
             and
             8
             Miles
             .
             Josephus
             in
             lib.
             of
             the
             Wars
             of
             the
             Jews
             ,
             Book
             5
             ,
             c.
             5.
             says
             it's
             580
             Furlongs
             long
             ,
             and
             150
             broad
             ,
             extending
             in
             length
             to
             Zoar
             in
             Arabia
             .
          
           
             Plethra
             200
             or
             300
             Foot.
             
          
           
             
               The
               Lake
            
             Asphaltes
             ,
             or
             Sodom
             .
             P.
             93.
             
          
           
             Arabia
             the
             Happy
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Bark
             of
             a
             sweet
             Cane
             .
          
           
             Mastick
             ,
             Greek
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Schinus
             .
          
           
             *
             Gyratus
             .
          
           
             Metals
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             *
             Ostrich-Camels
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             Vid.
             Plin.
             Nat.
             Hist
             .
             I.
             10.
             c.
             1.
             
          
           
             P.
             94.
             
          
           
             Camel-leopards
             .
             Vid.
             Plin.
             Na.
             Hist
             .
             lib.
             8.
             c.
             18.
             
          
           
             *
             Tragelaphi
             ,
             Buffels
             .
             Tragelaphi
             ,
             Goat
             Harts
             bred
             near
             the
             River
             Phasis
             in
             
               Colchis
               .
               Plin.
            
             Nat.
             Hist
             .
             lib.
             8.
             c.
             33.
             
             Buffels
             or
             Buffs
             .
             Vid.
             Plin.
             Nat.
             Hist
             .
             lib.
             8.
             c.
             34.
             
          
           
             Pretious
             Stones
             .
          
           
             Crystal
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Emerald
             of
             a
             green
             Colour
             :
             and
             so
             the
             Beryl
             ,
             but
             sometimes
             of
             a
             Gold
             Colour
             .
          
           
             †
             Chrysolite
             of
             a
             Golden
             Colour
             .
          
           
             *
             Pseudocrists
             ,
             counterfeit
             Gold
             or
             counterfeit
             Golden
             Colour
             .
          
           
             †
             Rubies
             call'd
             Carbuncles
             .
          
           
             P.
             95.
             
          
           
             *
             Eastern
             Parts
             .
          
           
             †
             Porphyrio
             ,
             see
             Plin.
             
               Nat.
               Hist
            
             .
             lib.
             10.
             c.
             46.
             
          
           
             *
             Meleagrides
             ,
             sorts
             of
             Turky-Cocks
             or
             Hens
             in
             Africa
             ,
             into
             which
             the
             Sisters
             of
             Meleager
             were
             transform'd
             for
             their
             immoderate
             Mourning
             for
             him
             .
             
               Ovid.
               Met.
            
             lib.
             8.
             
             Vid.
             Plin.
             Nat.
             Hist
             .
             
               lib.
               10.
               c.
            
             26.
             
          
           
             *
             Date
             Trees
             .
          
           
             †
             Cariots
             ,
             so
             call'd
             because
             the
             wine
             made
             of
             the
             Juice
             is
             hurtful
             to
             the
             Head.
             Plin.
             N.
             H.
             l.
             13.
             c.
             4.
             
          
           
             *
             Plin.
             Nat.
             Hist
             .
             l.
             13.
             c.
             4.
             
          
           
             Arabia
             the
             Happy
             .
          
           
             Arabia
             the
             Desert
             .
          
           
             *
             Artic
             Pole.
             
          
           
             P.
             96.
             
          
           
             Sandy
             Arabia
             .
          
           
             †
             Hairy
             and
             smooth
             .
          
           
             *
             Doublebulch'd
             .
          
           
             †
             Ten
             Medimnas
             .
          
           
             Taprobana
             ,
             now
             Ceylon
             or
             Zeilan
             ,
             in
             Scripture
             call'd
             Ophir
             ,
             as
             Bocha●●
             proves
             .
          
           
             This
             Island
             describ'd
             by
             Plin.
             Nat.
             Hist
             .
             lib.
             6.
             c.
             22.
             
             The
             Discovery
             by
             Iambulus
             .
          
           
             *
             Thirty
             Years
             a
             Generation
             .
          
           
             P.
             97.
             
          
           
             †
             About
             Eight
             Hundred
             Miles
             .
          
           
             The
             shape
             of
             the
             Island
             .
          
           
             The
             Inhabitants
             .
          
           
             *
             Six
             Foot.
             
          
           
             †
             near
             rather
             .
          
           
             The
             Climate
             .
          
           
             *
             Himer
             .
          
           
             Divided
             into
             T
             〈…〉
             s.
             
          
           
             †
             〈…〉
             ed
             E●●e
             .
          
           
             Their
             Bread.
             
          
           
             Baths
             .
             P.
             98.
             
          
           
             Characters
             .
             Long
             liv'd
             .
          
           
             Customs
             and
             Laws
             .
          
           
             A
             little
             Beast
             strange
             .
          
           
             Great
             Birds
             carry
             Children
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Pole
             Artick
             .
          
           
             Here
             seems
             something
             to
             be
             wanting
             .
             Their
             Frugality
             .
          
           
             Worship
             .
          
           
             P.
             99.
             
          
           
             Great
             Serpents
             .
          
           
             Dyet
             .
          
           
             Burials
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e60890
           
             P.
             100.
             
          
           
             †
             Born
             in
             the
             Land.
             
          
           
             *
             Near
             the
             Pole
             Antartick
             
          
           
             
               Homer
               Iliad
            
             .
             lib.
             1.
             v.
             424.
             
          
           
             P.
             101.
             
          
           
             Hieroglyphicks
             .
          
           
             The
             Laws
             of
             the
             Ethiopians
             .
          
           
             P.
             102.
             
          
           
             †
             Sheriffs
             .
          
           
             P.
             103.
             
          
           
             *
             8
             Foot.
             
          
           
             †
             A
             great
             Stake
             burnt
             at
             one
             end
             .
             Cloaths
             .
          
           
             Religion
             .
          
           
             Funerals
             .
          
           
             P.
             104.
             
          
           
             The
             Description
             of
             the
             Parts
             of
             the
             Country
             .
          
           
             P.
             105.
             
             Manner
             of
             making
             Gold.
             
          
           
             P.
             106.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Arabian
             Gu
             〈…〉
             Ichthyophages
             .
             Fish
             -
             〈…〉
             
          
           
             P.
             107.
             
          
           
             *
             Paliurus
             ,
             a
             Plant
             bearing
             a
             red
             Fruit
             ,
             of
             a
             pleasant
             Taste
             .
             〈◊〉
             .
             Nat.
             〈◊〉
             .
             
               l.
               1●
               .
               c.
            
             1●
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             〈◊〉
             .
             ●●8
             .
          
           
             *
             No
             〈…〉
             .
          
           
             Gulf
             of
             the
             
               Red
               Sea.
            
             
          
           
             †
             Pho●●
             .
          
           
             P.
             109.
             
          
           
             P.
             110.
             
          
           
             *
             There
             at
             the
             first
             ,
             and
             never
             elsewhere
             .
          
           
             *
             Shellfish-eaters
             .
          
           
             *
             
               Vid.
               Plin.
            
             Nat.
             Hist
             .
             l.
             9.
             c.
             10.
             
          
           
             *
             C●tivori
             .
          
           
             The
             Sea
             coasts
             over
             against
             the
             Province
             of
             Babylon
             .
          
           
             P.
             111.
             
          
           
             Rizophages
             .
          
           
             Hylophages
             ,
             Wood-eaters
             .
          
           
             P.
             112.
             
          
           
             *
             Hylogones
             ,
             Born
             in
             the
             Woods
             .
          
           
             Elephant
             fighters
             .
          
           
             
               Vid.
               Plin.
            
             Nat.
             Hist
             .
             l.
             8.
             c.
             8.
             
          
           
             P.
             113.
             
             The
             Manner
             of
             taking
             Elephants
             .
          
           
             Simoes
             .
          
           
             Struthophages
             .
          
           
             Ostrich
             .
          
           
             †
             The
             Oryx
             is
             a
             Beast
             as
             big
             as
             a
             Roe-buck
             ,
             which
             has
             a
             Horn
             as
             sharp
             as
             it
             will
             pierce
             Brass
             .
          
           
             Acridophages
             .
             Locust-eaters
             .
          
           
             P.
             114.
             
          
           
             Their
             miserable
             Death
             .
          
           
             P.
             115.
             
          
           
             Cynomones
             ,
             or
             Cynomolges
             ,
             Dog-hunters
             .
          
           
             *
             Shepherds
             .
          
           
             *
             Bearing
             a
             red
             Fruit.
             
          
           
             Circumcision
             .
          
           
             P.
             116.
             
          
           
             P.
             117.
             
          
           
             Rhinoceros
             ,
             so
             call'd
             from
             a
             Horn
             in
             his
             Nose
             .
          
           
             *
             Sphinges
             are
             Marmozites
             ,
             Plin.
             
               Nat.
               His
            
             .
             lib.
             8.
             c.
             44.
             
          
           
             †
             Cynocephales
             ,
             Baboons
             ,
             Heads
             like
             Dogs
             ,
             Plin.
             ib.
             
          
           
             *
             Cepus
             .
          
           
             A
             wild
             Bull.
             Carnivorus
             ,
          
           
             P.
             118.
             
          
           
             Crocuts
             .
          
           
             Serpents
             .
          
           
             †
             50
             Yards
             .
          
           
             The
             great
             Serpent
             brought
             to
             Alexandria
             .
          
           
             *
             Ptolemy
             Philadelphus
             .
          
           
             P.
             119.
             
          
           
             P.
             120.
             
          
           
             *
             Red
             Sea.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Red
             Sea.
             
          
           
             †
             That
             is
             ,
             next
             the
             Ocean
             .
          
           
             *
             Westward
             .
          
           
             †
             Venus
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Acathar
             〈…〉
             s.
             
          
           
             *
             Ophiodes
             .
          
           
             P.
             121.
             
          
           
             †
             Shepherds
             .
          
           
             *
             Sotera
             .
          
           
             †
             Three
             Orgia's
             ,
             every
             Orgia
             Two
             Yards
             .
          
           
             P.
             122.
             
          
           
             This
             seems
             to
             be
             the
             Passage
             of
             the
             Israelites
             over
             the
             Red-Sea
             .
          
           
             *
             Ptolemais
             ,
             not
             in
             Phaenicia
             ,
             but
             that
             bordering
             upon
             the
             
               Red
               Sea.
            
             
          
           
             A
             further
             Description
             of
             the
             Country
             of
             the
             Troglodites
             .
          
           
             The
             Arabian
             side
             of
             the
             
               Red
               Sea.
            
             
          
           
             †
             Neptunium
             .
             P.
             123.
             
          
           
             *
             Where
             the
             Palm
             Trees
             grow
             .
          
           
             †
             Phocarum
             Insula
             .
          
           
             Garyndanians
             destroy
             the
             Marranians
             .
          
           
             Alainites
             ,
             Nabateans
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             Egypt
             .
             The
             Ptolemies
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Clavergrass
             ,
             vid.
             Plin.
             Nat.
             Hist
             .
             l.
             18.
             c.
             16.
             
             P.
             124.
             
          
           
             Bizomenians
             .
          
           
             *
             Little
             Islands
             near
             Acarnania
             in
             Greece
             .
          
           
             †
             Or
             an
             Isthmus
             ,
             or
             Chersonesus
             .
          
           
             *
             Carmutha
             Port.
             
          
           
             P.
             125.
             
          
           
             Mountains
             like
             Pyramids
             .
          
           
             Debae
             .
          
           
             Alilaeans
             ,
             Gasandians
             .
          
           
             †
             Gold
             without
             Fire
             .
          
           
             Carbi
             Sabeans
             .
             Arabia
             
               the
               Happy
            
             .
          
           
             P.
             126.
             
          
           
             ‖
             Or
             Fiery
             Serpents
             .
             So
             Agatharchides
             ,
             in
             Plutarch
             :
             Symp.
             
               lib.
               8.
               c.
            
             9.
             
             Concerning
             the
             little
             Serpents
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             Sa●●
             ,
             from
             Seba
             ,
             the
             eldest
             Son
             of
             Ch●●
             .
          
           
             P.
             127.
             
          
           
             Fortunate
             Islands
             .
          
           
             *
             Bear.
             
          
           
             †
             December
             .
          
           
             *
             January
             .
          
           
             Lybia
             .
          
           
             P.
             128.
             
          
           
             †
             Towns.
             
          
           
             P.
             129.
             
          
           
             Amazons
             .
          
           
             P.
             130.
             
          
           
             *
             Perseus
             .
          
           
             †
             Carbuncles
             .
          
           
             *
             Sardonixes
             .
          
           
             ‖
             Emeraulds
             .
          
           
             Merina
             Queen
             of
             the
             
               Amazons
               .
               P.
            
             131.
             
          
           
             Atlantides
             .
          
           
             The
             Gorgonians
             rooted
             out
             by
             Perseus
             ,
             and
             the
             Amazons
             by
             
               Hercules
               .
               Perseus
            
             destroyed
             the
             Gorgonians
             in
             the
             time
             of
             Crideon
             ,
             An.
             Mund.
             2657
             ,
             before
             Christ
             ,
             1291.
             
          
           
             An
             Earthquake
             .
          
           
             P.
             132.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Mediterranean
             .
          
           
             †
             Cybele
             ;
             or
             Vesta
             ,
             the
             Mother
             of
             the
             Gods.
             
          
           
             *
             Cybele
             .
          
           
             Atlantides
             ,
             the
             Gods
             born
             among
             them
             .
          
           
             Vranus
             ,
             
               Heaven
               or
            
             Coelum
             ,
             or
             Coelus
             .
          
           
             P.
             133.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Ouranos
             .
          
           
             The
             Titanes
             .
          
           
             Basiled
             .
          
           
             *
             Helio
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             the
             Sun.
             
          
           
             †
             Selene
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             the
             Moon
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             River
             Po
             ,
             in
             Italy
             .
          
           
             *
             Helios
             is
             in
             Greek
             the
             Sun.
             
          
           
             †
             Luna
             the
             Moon
             .
             Selene
             is
             in
             Greek
             the
             Moon
             .
          
           
             P.
             134.
             
          
           
             Cybele
             .
          
           
             *
             Mater
             montana
             .
          
           
             P.
             135.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             †
             Hyperborean
             ,
             signifies
             very
             far
             North
             ;
             by
             which
             the
             Ancients
             use
             to
             express
             the
             furthest
             Parts
             of
             the
             World.
             
          
           
             *
             Of
             Apollo
             at
             Delphos
             .
          
           
             †
             Vranus
             .
          
           
             *
             Hesperus
             the
             Morning
             Star.
             
          
           
             P.
             136.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Seven
             Stars
             .
          
           
             †
             Saturn
             '
             
               s
               Castles
            
             .
             Jupiter
             .
          
           
             *
             Zeus
             .
          
           
             B
             〈…〉
             s.
             
          
           
             †
             Bacchus
             .
          
           
             P.
             137.
             
          
           
             *
             Two
             Mo
             〈…〉
             
          
           
             †
             From
             the
             Greek
             Word
             Somne
             ,
             which
             signifies
             Splendid
             or
             Beautiful
             .
          
           
             *
             Call'd
             by
             the
             
               Greeks
               Thysias
            
             ,
             and
             Thyelas
             .
          
           
             1
             Bacchus
             .
          
           
             *
             Leneus
             :
          
           
             P.
             138
             :
          
           
             2d
             Bacchus
             .
          
           
             3d
             Bacchus
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             
               Greek
               Dis
            
             ,
             is
             Jupiter
             ,
             and
             Nysa
             ,
             the
             Place
             so
             called
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Thersis
             .
          
           
             †
             The
             Bachldes
             .
          
           
             P.
             139.
             
          
           
             Crucify'd
             .
          
           
             Orgyae
             .
          
           
             *
             Call'd
             liber
             Pater
             .
          
           
             Trieteriades
             .
          
           
             The
             Place
             of
             Bacchus
             his
             Nativity
             .
          
           
             P.
             140.
             
          
           
             *
             Phenician
             .
          
           
             P.
             141.
             
          
           
             *
             In
             Asia
             near
             the
             Caspian
             sea
             .
          
           
             The
             Description
             of
             Nysa
             and
             the
             Gr●ta
             .
          
           
             P.
             142.
             
          
           
             *
             Or
             Tritoangenes
             ,
             because
             she
             first
             appear'd
             in
             a
             Virgins
             Habit
             at
             the
             River
             Triton
             .
          
           
             †
             The
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Bacchus
             .
          
           
             P.
             143.
             
          
           
             *
             Drink
             Offerings
             .
          
           
             †
             Zacira
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Earth
             Monster
             ,
             Campes
             .
          
           
             P.
             144.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             fabulously
             report
             .
          
           
             †
             Acorns
             or
             Crabbs
             .
          
           
             Beer
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Mediterranean
             .
          
           
             P.
             145.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Gods
             of
             Olympus
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e77430
           
             *
             Time
             of
             Samuel
             the
             Prophet
             ,
             Eighty
             Years
             after
             the
             Destruction
             of
             Troy.
             
          
           
             P.
             147.
             
          
           
             This
             of
             Gadmus
             ,
             was
             
               An.
               Mund.
            
             2660
             ,
             in
             the
             time
             of
             Geidon
             ;
             before
             Christ
             ,
             1688.
             
          
           
             *
             Silently
             ,
          
           
             Zythus
             ,
             Beer
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             Greek
             ,
             Freedom
             .
          
           
             P.
             148.
             
          
           
             †
             Call'd
             Thyrses
             .
          
           
             *
             Maenadae
             ,
             Women
             that
             acted
             like
             fuous
             Mad
             Women
             .
          
           
             †
             Jupiter
             the
             Saviour
             .
          
           
             *
             Water
             call'd
             the
             Liquor
             of
             Jove
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Dionysus
             ,
             Sabazius
             .
          
           
             †
             Dionysus
             of
             Thebes
             .
          
           
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Miter
             Wearer
             .
          
           
             †
             Bimater
             ,
             one
             of
             Two
             Mothers
             .
          
           
             P.
             149.
             
          
           
             *
             〈◊〉
             bowling
             or
             Mourning
             Women
             .
          
           
             †
             Lonos
             ,
             a
             Wine-press
             .
             Iyrigene
             .
          
           
             *
             Biformis
             .
          
           
             P.
             150.
             
          
           
             Hermaphroditus
             .
          
           
             *
             Mercury
             .
          
           
             †
             Venus
             .
          
           
             Muses
             .
          
           
             †
             Memory
             .
          
           
             *
             Coelum
             &
          
           
             †
             Terra
             ,
             Heaven
             &
             Earth
             .
          
           
             P.
             151.
             
          
           
             Hercules
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             Mythologies
             .
          
           
             *
             That
             is
             ,
             Hercules
             ,
             who
             carry'd
             away
             
             Geryon's
             Oxen.
             
          
           
             P.
             152.
             
          
           
             *
             Ilithyia
             ,
             a
             Goddess
             assistant
             to
             them
             in
             Travel
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Two
             Dragons
             .
          
           
             *
             Hercules
             signifies
             the
             Glory
             of
             Juno
             ,
             who
             is
             call'd
             in
             
               Greek
               Hera
            
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             People
             of
             Thessaly
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             P.
             15●
             .
          
           
             Hercules
             his
             12
             Labours
             .
             1.
             
             The
             Nemean
             Lyon.
             
          
           
             *
             This
             Forest
             was
             in
             Achaia
             .
          
           
             †
             Tretos
             bor'd
             through
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Hydra
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             The
             Ery
             〈…〉
             than
             Boar.
             
          
           
             P.
             154.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             Cloud
             .
          
           
             †
             Another
             Centaur
             .
          
           
             4th
             Labour
             .
          
           
             5th
             Labour
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             Table
             ,
             or
             other
             thing
             that
             〈…〉
             ld
             sound
             and
             make
             a
             noise
             .
          
           
             6.
             
             Augaeus
             his
             Stable
             .
          
           
             P.
             155.
             
          
           
             7.
             
             Bull
             out
             of
             Crete
             .
          
           
             Olympick
             
               Games
               by
            
             Hercules
             ,
             
               An.
               Mund.
               2730.
               
               An.
               Mund.
            
             2747.
             
             Secund
             .
             Helv.
             tempore
             Servitutis
             Jud.
             sub
             Ammonit
             .
             ante
             Jephtha
             ,
             Cir.
             12.
             
          
           
             Al●men●'s
             Ancestors
             .
          
           
             *
             Prometheus
             is
             judg'd
             to
             be
             Noah
             by
             some
             ,
             and
             Magog
             the
             Son
             of
             Japhet
             by
             others
             .
             See
             
             Gale's
             Court
             of
             the
             Gentiles
             ,
             p.
             1.
             c.
             6.
             
             Sect.
             4.
             
          
           
             P.
             156.
             
             Diomedes
             '
             
               s
               Mares
            
             .
          
           
             9
             The
             Amazons
             Belt.
             
          
           
             †
             The
             Euxine
             Sea.
             
          
           
             *
             Menalippe
             ,
             she
             was
             rather
             Sister
             to
             Antiope
             ,
             who
             was
             Queen
             .
             See
             
               Nat.
               Comes
            
             ,
             lib.
             7.
             c.
             9.
             
          
           
             10
             G●ryon's
             Oxen.
             
          
           
             †
             Spain
             .
          
           
             *
             Of
             whom
             this
             Geryon
             was
             one
             ,
             whom
             the
             Poets
             feign
             to
             have
             Three
             Bodies
             .
          
           
             P.
             157.
             
          
           
             *
             Hecatompylon
             ,
             a
             Hundred
             Gates
             .
          
           
             †
             Or
             in
             the
             straits
             near
             Cadiz
             .
          
           
             *
             Spain
             .
          
           
             
             Hercules's
             Pillars
             .
          
           
             P.
             158.
             
          
           
             †
             France
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             Alexia
             ,
             Arras
             .
          
           
             Hercules
             comes
             into
             Liguria
             .
          
           
             P.
             159.
             
          
           
             †
             Cacius
             in
             the
             Greek
             .
          
           
             〈…〉
             
          
           
             P.
             160.
             
          
           
             P.
             161.
             
          
           
             *
             Or
             built
             a
             Temple
             .
          
           
             †
             Wrestlings
             ,
             Quoitings
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             11th
             Labour
             ,
             Cerberus
             out
             of
             Hell.
             
          
           
             P.
             162.
             
          
           
             A
             Digression
             to
             Orpheus
             .
          
           
             *
             Cerberus
             .
          
           
             12th
             Labour
             ,
             The
             Hesperian
             Apples
             .
          
           
             Atlas
             .
          
           
             *
             Melon
             ,
             in
             Greek
             ,
             signifie
             ,
             both
             a
             Sheep
             and
             an
             Apple
             .
          
           
             P.
             163.
             
          
           
             †
             Second
             .
          
           
             Amazons
             
               routed
               by
            
             Theseus
             .
          
           
             P.
             ●04
             .
          
           
             *
             
               De
               〈…〉
               i
            
             ,
             〈◊〉
             of
             the
             People
             .
          
           
             †
             Daedal●a
             .
          
           
             P.
             165.
             
          
           
             Iole
             the
             Daughter
             of
             Eurytus
             ,
             refus'd
             to
             be
             given
             to
             Hercules
             in
             Marriage
             .
          
           
             P.
             166.
             
          
           
             *
             Castor
             and
             Pollux
             .
          
           
             †
             Nauphalia
             ,
             
               a
               City
               in
            
             Argos
             .
          
           
             P.
             167.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             Elaphos
             
               is
               a
               Hind
               in
            
             Greek
             .
          
           
             Meleager
             .
          
           
             Ovid.
             8.
             
             Meta.
             
          
           
             *
             Ovid
             says
             she
             stab'd
             her self
             .
          
           
             †
             Clenum
             ,
             
               a
               City
               in
            
             Achaia
             .
          
           
             P.
             168.
             
          
           
             *
             
               Vid.
               Ovid.
               Vid.
               Strabo
            
             .
             It
             had
             two
             Mouths
             representing
             two
             Horns
             ,
             one
             of
             which
             was
             dam'd
             up
             by
             Hercules
             ;
             the
             Stream
             roars
             like
             a
             wild
             Bull.
             
          
           
             †
             The
             Son
             of
             Oceanus
             and
             Terra
             ,
             fought
             with
             Hercules
             for
             Deianira
             the
             Daughter
             of
             Oeneus
             :
             and
             finding
             himself
             too
             weak
             transform'd
             himself
             into
             a
             Bull.
             
               Vid.
               Ovid
            
             and
             Strabo
             .
          
           
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             P.
             169.
             
          
           
             *
             Now
             N
             〈…〉
             po●t
             .
          
           
             P.
             1●●
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Goddess
             of
             Youth
             ,
             Daughter
             of
             Juno
             ,
             and
             Cupbearer
             to
             Jupiter
             .
             At
             a
             Feast
             her
             Foot
             slipp'd
             ,
             and
             she
             shew'd
             all
             ,
             and
             was
             displac'd
             ,
             and
             Ganymed
             put
             in
             her
             room
             .
             Servius
             .
             She
             re●or'd
             Iolaus
             to
             his
             Youth
             :
             
               See
               ●vid
            
             .
             9.
             
             Met.
             
          
           
             *
             Amongst
             the
             Heathen
             there
             were
             Twelve
             Chief
             Gods.
             Ovid
             calls
             them
             
               Deos
               Nobiles
            
             :
             They
             enjoy'd
             Heaven
             by
             natural
             Right
             ;
             
               Juno
               ,
               Vesta
               ,
               Minerva
               ,
               ●eres
               ,
               Diana
               ,
               Venus
               ,
               Mars
               ,
               Mercury
               ,
               Jove
               ,
               Neptunus
               ,
               Vulcanus
               ,
               Apolio
               .
            
             Goodw.
             Antiq.
             36.
             
             Lib.
             2.
             
             Sect.
             1.
             
          
           
             This
             Expedition
             of
             the
             Argonauts
             was
             
               An.
               Mun.
            
             2094.
             about
             the
             time
             of
             the
             Death
             of
             
               Abimelech
               ,
               Judg.
            
             9.
             23.
             before
             Christ
             254.
             
             
               Helv.
               Chron.
            
             But
             Sr.
             
               Walter
               Rawleigh
            
             says
             ,
             it
             was
             the
             9
             Year
             of
             Gideon
             ,
             34
             Years
             before
             .
             Lib.
             2.
             
             I.
             Part
             C.
             13.
             
             Sect.
             6.
             
          
           
             *
             Inhospitable
             .
          
           
             P.
             171.
             
          
           
             P.
             172.
             
          
           
             P.
             173.
             
          
           
             *
             Wolf-Bane
             ,
             a
             most
             poysonous
             Herb.
             
          
           
             P.
             17●
             
          
           
             †
             Which
             signifies
             in
             Latin
             a
             Bull
             ,
             and
             is
             like
             in
             sound
             to
             Taurica
             .
          
           
             *
             Crius
             ,
             signifies
             a
             Ram
             in
             Greek
             .
          
           
             P.
             175.
             
          
           
             †
             Castor
             and
             Pollux
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Sons
             of
             Jupiter
             .
          
           
             P.
             176.
             
          
           
             P.
             177.
             
          
           
             P.
             178.
             
          
           
             Olympick
             Games
             instituted
             by
             Hercules
             .
             This
             was
             the
             first
             Institution
             :
             But
             the
             Olympicks
             were
             not
             an
             Aera
             ,
             till
             460
             Years
             after
             ,
             
               An.
               Mund.
            
             3174
             ,
             in
             the
             37th
             Year
             of
             Vzziah
             King
             of
             Judah
             ,
             before
             Christ
             ,
             774.
             
          
           
             P.
             179.
             
          
           
             〈…〉
             〈◊〉
             .
             7.
             
          
           
             P.
             180.
             
          
           
             *
             Now
             Cadiz
             .
          
           
             †
             The
             Galls
             ,
             now
             French.
             
          
           
             *
             Castor
             and
             Pollux
             .
          
           
             †
             Now
             Tuscany
             .
          
           
             *
             Ilua
             near
             Tuscany
             .
          
           
             P.
             181.
             
          
           
             †
             About
             an
             Hundred
             and
             Twenty
             Miles
             .
          
           
             Hercules
             his
             Sons
             and
             Nephews
             .
          
           
             *
             
               The
               other
               Three
               Cities
               are
            
             Oenon
             ,
             Probatintum
             and
             Marathon
             .
          
           
             This
             Atreus
             was
             Uncle
             to
             Eurystheus
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             Brother
             of
             Assidamia
             ,
             the
             Mother
             of
             Euristheus
             .
             He
             was
             the
             Son
             of
             Pelops
             ,
             and
             Father
             of
             Agamemnon
             .
             Vid.
             Thy.
             lib.
             1.
             
             P.
             182.
             
          
           
             Theseus
             was
             Cotemporary
             with
             Hercules
             ,
             An.
             Mun.
             2720
             ,
             to
             2745.
             
          
           
             *
             
               Aegeus
               Plut.
            
             judg'd
             by
             Neptune
             ,
             till
             his
             Father
             was
             known
             ,
             Plut.
             
          
           
             †
             A
             Sword
             and
             a
             Pair
             of
             Shooes
             .
             See
             
               Plut.
               Thesius
            
             .
          
           
             He
             was
             call'd
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             a
             Bender
             of
             Pines
             ,
             
               Plut.
               Thesers
            
             .
          
           
             †
             A
             Tormentor
             .
          
           
             P.
             183.
             
          
           
             Minotaur
             .
          
           
             †
             Teutamus
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Panathenean
             Festivals
             were
             kept
             in
             honour
             of
             Minerva
             ,
             wherein
             were
             exhibited
             Wrestling
             ,
             Horse-Races
             ,
             Dancing
             in
             Armour
             ,
             &c.
             
             They
             were
             celebrated
             the
             27th
             of
             July
             Yearly
             .
             
               Rous
               .
               Archaeal
               .
               Attic.
            
             lib.
             2.
             c.
             10.
             p.
             67.
             
             Vid.
             
               Steph.
               Dict.
            
             They
             were
             instituted
             by
             Theseus
             ;
             upon
             what
             ground
             :
             See
             
               Pausan
               .
               in
               Arcad.
            
             c.
             2.
             
          
           
             Here
             seems
             something
             to
             be
             wanting
             ,
             as
             how
             Theseus
             came
             to
             be
             one
             of
             them
             .
             Vid.
             
               Plut.
               Thes
            
             .
          
           
             †
             In
             token
             of
             Mourning
             ,
             when
             they
             carry'd
             away
             the
             Children
             to
             
               Crete
               ,
               Plut.
               Thes
            
             .
          
           
             P.
             184.
             
          
           
             Ariadna's
             Crown
             .
          
           
             P.
             185.
             
          
           
             *
             Hell.
             See
             this
             explain'd
             in
             
               Plut.
               Thes
            
             .
             This
             Pluto
             was
             the
             King
             of
             the
             Molossians
             ,
             and
             his
             Wives
             and
             Daughters
             Name
             was
             Proserpina
             ,
             who
             clapt
             both
             Theseus
             and
             the
             other
             up
             in
             Prison
             .
          
           
             The
             Seven
             Captains
             against
             Thebes
             .
             This
             is
             the
             first
             War
             related
             by
             any
             Heathen
             Historian
             ,
             either
             in
             Prose
             or
             Verse
             .
             
               An.
               Mund.
            
             2727
             ,
             the
             10th
             Year
             of
             
               Jair
               ,
               Judg.
            
             10.
             3.
             
             Before
             Christ
             ,
             1221
             ,
             about
             30
             Years
             before
             the
             Trojan
             War.
             
          
           
             Oedipus
             .
          
           
             †
             
               King
               of
            
             Scicion
             ,
             or
             Corinth
             .
          
           
             Sphinx
             .
          
           
             *
             His
             Hands
             and
             Feet
             .
          
           
             P.
             186.
             
          
           
             †
             Or
             Necklace
             .
          
           
             Born
             after
             .
          
           
             P.
             187.
             
          
           
             †
             Or
             Garment
             call'd
             Peplus
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             the
             
               Greek
               Euboea
            
             for
             Beotia
             .
          
           
             Aeolians
             .
          
           
             †
             A
             Town
             in
             Italy
             near
             Tarentum
             .
          
           
             P.
             188.
             
          
           
             Of
             the
             Progeny
             of
             Salmoneus
             and
             Tyro
             .
          
           
             *
             Aderas
             .
          
           
             Lapithites
             ,
             Centaurs
             .
          
           
             P.
             189.
             
          
           
             *
             Both
             Horse
             and
             Man
             in
             their
             Natures
             
          
           
             
             Aesculapius's
             Posterity
             .
          
           
             P.
             190.
             
          
           
             4
             The
             Sun.
             
          
           
             The
             Daughters
             of
             Asopus
             and
             Sons
             of
             Aeacus
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             Cercyra
             .
          
           
             †
             Phia
             ,
             or
             Phea
             ,
             a
             City
             in
             Elis.
             
          
           
             P.
             191.
             
          
           
             Pelops
             ,
             Tantalus
             
             and
             ●●nomaus
             .
          
           
             ‖
             Peloponesus
             signifies
             the
             Island
             of
             Pelops
             .
          
           
             †
             By
             Amphion
             ,
             King
             of
             Thebes
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Mother
             of
             Diana
             and
             Apollo
             .
          
           
             
               D
               〈…〉
            
             danu●'s
             P●sterity
             to
             Priam.
             
          
           
             P.
             192.
             
          
           
             An.
             Mund.
             2732.
             
          
           
             *
             Metionon
             .
          
           
             *
             Call'd
             Calus
             ,
             by
             Fausan
             ,
             lib.
             1.
             
             〈◊〉
             .
             21.
             
          
           
             †
             Of
             the
             Family
             ,
             or
             Tribe
             of
             Cecrops
             .
          
           
             P.
             193.
             
          
           
             Minotaur
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             Colymbethra
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             A
             City
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             A
             S●o●e
             ,
             or
             Sweating-House
             ;
             a
             Bannion
             .
             P.
             194.
             
          
           
             4.
             
             Plaining
             a
             Rock
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             Honey-Comb
             of
             Gold.
             
          
           
             The
             Curetes
             or
             Corybantes
             .
          
           
             *
             Call'd
             the
             Mother
             Goddesses
             in
             Crete
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Bear.
             
          
           
             P.
             195.
             
          
           
             *
             About
             Fifteen
             Miles
             .
          
           
             †
             Gr.
             Carts
             with
             Four
             Wheels
             .
          
           
             Aristaeus
             his
             Original
             .
          
           
             *
             To
             make
             Cheese
             .
          
           
             Actaeon
             .
          
           
             †
             Within
             the
             Consecrated
             Ground
             belonging
             to
             the
             Temple
             .
          
           
             *
             Others
             say
             ,
             because
             he
             look'd
             at
             her
             when
             she
             was
             Bathing
             .
             See
             
               Paus
               .
               Boetic
            
             .
             c.
             2.
             
          
           
             †
             Apollo
             ,
             the
             Oracle
             being
             call'd
             the
             Oracle
             of
             Apollo
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             August
             .
          
           
             P.
             196.
             
          
           
             The
             Feasts
             of
             Bacchus
             .
          
           
             *
             Between
             Thrace
             and
             Thessaly
             .
          
           
             Daphnis
             ,
             Eryx
             .
          
           
             †
             Butes
             
               King
               of
            
             Bithynia
             ,
             
               call'd
               formerly
            
             Bebrycia
             in
             Asia
             .
          
           
             *
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             
             Venus's
             Temple
             in
             Eryx
             .
          
           
             Daphnis
             ,
             Herean
             Mountains
             .
          
           
             *
             Apples
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Divine
             Comliness
             .
          
           
             *
             L.
             Daphne
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             
               a
               Laurel
               ,
               in
            
             Greek
             .
          
           
             †
             The
             Cow-herd
             .
          
           
             Orion
             .
          
           
             The
             Straight
             at
             Messina
             .
          
           
             †
             Nine
             Cubits
             make
             Four
             Yards
             and
             a
             half
             .
             Nine
             Orgia
             make
             Eighteen
             Yards
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e110350
           
             P.
             199.
             
          
           
             *
             Epitiment
             
          
           
             *
             Stil'd
             it
             the
             Book
             of
             the
             Islands
             .
          
           
             †
             Three
             corner'd
             like
             a
             Wedge
             .
          
           
             *
             About
             Five
             Hundred
             Forty
             Five
             Mile
             .
          
           
             *
             For
             an
             Anacalypterium
             .
             These
             were
             Gifts
             bestow'd
             upon
             the
             Bride
             by
             the
             Husband
             and
             his
             Friends
             ,
             when
             she
             pluckt
             off
             her
             Vail
             at
             her
             first
             being
             brought
             to
             her
             Husband
             .
             They
             were
             call'd
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             See
             
               Archaeolog
               .
               Att.
            
             lib.
             4.
             c.
             7.
             
          
           
             †
             Ceres
             and
             Proserpine
             .
             This
             Rape
             the
             Ground
             of
             this
             Fable
             ,
             was
             
               Ann.
               Mund.
            
             2673
             ,
             before
             Christ
             ,
             1275.
             
          
           
             P.
             200.
             
          
           
             *
             Virg.
             3
             Aen.
             
          
           
             †
             Core
             ,
             the
             Girl
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             †
             Cyane
             .
          
           
             P.
             201.
             
          
           
             *
             Proserpine
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Sicanians
             .
          
           
             *
             Spain
             .
          
           
             The
             Eolide
             Islands
             .
          
           
             P.
             202.
             
          
           
             *
             Long
             Ships
             ,
             or
             Men
             of
             War.
             
          
           
             P.
             203.
             
          
           
             *
             About
             Seven
             Years
             after
             the
             taking
             and
             destruction
             of
             Jerusalem
             by
             Nebuchadonozer
             .
             Ant.
             Chr.
             585
             Years
             .
          
           
             P.
             204.
             
          
           
             Malta
             ,
             distant
             from
             Sicily
             about
             Sixty
             Miles
             .
          
           
             Gaulus
             ,
             now
             call'd
             Gaudus
             ,
             about
             Five
             Miles
             from
             Malta
             .
          
           
             Cercina
             ,
             now
             call'd
             Carcana
             .
          
           
             †
             Aethalia
             ,
             now
             call'd
             Zerbe
             ,
             formerly
             Lotophagitis
             .
          
           
             *
             Aethalos
             in
             Greek
             ,
             is
             a
             Mist
             ,
             Smoak
             or
             Fog
             .
             P.
             205.
             
          
           
             Corsica
             .
          
           
             Cities
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             Tyrrhenians
             .
          
           
             Servants
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             for
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Men
             in
             Travel
             for
             their
             Wives
             .
          
           
             Sardinia
             belongs
             to
             the
             King
             of
             Spain
             ,
             Six
             Miles
             from
             Corsica
             ;
             about
             an
             Hundred
             and
             Seventy
             Miles
             in
             length
             ,
             and
             Eighty
             Miles
             broad
             .
          
           
             *
             Olympick
             Games
             .
          
           
             P.
             206.
             
          
           
             Pityusa
             .
          
           
             *
             Signifies
             naked
             .
          
           
             †
             Baleares
             ,
             
               now
               call'd
            
             Majorca
             ,
             and
             Minorca
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               In
               the
            
             Mediterranean
             .
          
           
             ‖
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Half
             Asses
             .
          
           
             P.
             207.
             
          
           
             Habitations
             .
          
           
             Coyn.
             
          
           
             Marriages
             .
          
           
             Burials
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             Catapult
             .
          
           
             *
             This
             seems
             to
             be
             Madera
             .
          
           
             †
             Paradises
             .
          
           
             *
             Of
             Oak
             .
          
           
             P.
             208.
             
          
           
             Britain
             .
          
           
             †
             Divus
             .
          
           
             P.
             209.
             
          
           
             *
             Kent
             .
             Camb.
             Brit.
             186.
             
          
           
             †
             Cornwal
             
               Point
               ,
               or
               the
            
             Land's
             End.
             
          
           
             *
             Orcas
             ,
             the
             furthest
             Point
             of
             Scotland
             Northwest
             ,
             now
             call'd
             Howburn
             .
             Camb.
             Brit.
             949.
             
          
           
             †
             The
             Bear.
             
          
           
             *
             Cornwal
             .
          
           
             †
             Isle
             of
             Wight
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             France
             ,
             
               and
               falls
               into
               the
            
             Mediterranean
             .
          
           
             †
             Basilia
             call'd
             Baltia
             ,
             Three
             Days
             Sayl
             from
             Scythia
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Sun.
             
          
           
             P.
             210.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             *
             Gall
             ,
             now
             France
             .
          
           
             †
             Now
             Arras
             .
          
           
             *
             Gauls
             .
          
           
             †
             Or
             Gallia
             ,
             Gall.
             
          
           
             P.
             211.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Mediterranean
             .
          
           
             †
             The
             God
             ,
             or
             Divine
             .
          
           
             P.
             212.
             
          
           
             *
             Weak
             .
          
           
             Hom.
             Iliad
             .
             
               lib.
               7.
               ver
            
             .
             321.
             
          
           
             †
             A
             kind
             of
             Dart.
             
          
           
             *
             Freemen
             .
          
           
             †
             A
             Triumphant
             Song
             .
          
           
             P.
             213.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Lac'd
             under
             ,
             or
             fram'd
             above
             the
             Lace
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Cassocks
             of
             Rods.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             sort
             of
             Dart.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Synecdochically
             .
          
           
             ‖
             Bards
             .
          
           
             *
             Druids
             ;
             for
             Saronidae
             or
             Saronids
             ,
             are
             of
             the
             same
             signification
             with
             Druids
             ,
             the
             one
             of
             an
             Oak
             ,
             the
             other
             of
             an
             hollow
             Oak
             .
          
           
             P.
             214.
             
          
           
             †
             Marseilles
             .
          
           
             *
             Some
             part
             of
             Britain
             ,
             then
             so
             call'd
             ,
             Steph.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             Celtiberians
             ,
             Spaniards
             .
          
           
             P.
             215.
             
          
           
             Their
             Diet.
             
          
           
             *
             People
             of
             the
             higher
             Province
             of
             Spain
             .
          
           
             ‖
             Lusitanians
             .
             Lusitania
             ,
             
               now
               call'd
            
             Portugal
             .
          
           
             †
             Cimbri
             in
             the
             Greek
             ,
             not
             Celtiberii
             ,
             as
             in
             the
             Latin.
             
          
           
             ‖
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             P.
             216.
             
          
           
             *
             About
             400
             Miles
             .
          
           
             †
             Signifying
             Fiery
             in
             Greek
             .
          
           
             P.
             217.
             
          
           
             Aegyptian
             Cochleans
             .
          
           
             Archimedes
             .
          
           
             *
             Iberia
             .
          
           
             P.
             218.
             
             Portugal
             .
          
           
             †
             The
             Genoans
             .
          
           
             Ligurians
             .
          
           
             *
             Adriatick
             ,
             from
             Sardona
             ,
             a
             City
             of
             Liburnia
             ,
             now
             Croatia
             .
          
           
             †
             Hetrurians
             or
             Tuscans
             in
             Italy
             ,
             now
             under
             the
             great
             Duke
             of
             Tuscany
             .
          
           
             P.
             219.
             
          
           
             *
             Between
             Sicily
             and
             Sardinia
             ,
             formerly
             the
             lower
             Sea
             on
             the
             South-West
             side
             of
             Italy
             ,
             the
             Adriatick
             or
             Gulf
             of
             Venice
             ,
             being
             call'd
             the
             Higher
             Sea
             ,
             on
             the
             North-East
             of
             Italy
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             Country
             of
             Asia
             now
             call'd
             Tarse
             ,
             a
             Province
             of
             Persia
             .
          
           
             The
             Holy
             or
             Sacred
             Island
             .
          
           
             P.
             220.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             It
             grows
             in
             Africa
             ,
             bears
             a
             red
             Fruit.
             Vlid
             .
             Plin.
             
               Nat.
               Hist.
            
             lib.
             13.
             c.
             19.
             
          
           
             Panchaea
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             P.
             221.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Aqua
             Solis
             .
          
           
             †
             Call'd
             Caelum
             in
             Latin.
             
          
           
             P.
             222.
             
          
           
             *
             Whereon
             he
             lay
             at
             Meals
             .
          
           
             Celus
             .
          
           
             Samothracia
             .
          
           
             P.
             223.
             
          
           
             *
             
               Two
               Rocks
               in
               the
            
             Thracian
             Bosphorus
             .
          
           
             Cadmus
             .
          
           
             *
             Cilix
             the
             Son
             of
             Phelix
             whence
             Celicid
             .
          
           
             †
             Plutos
             is
             rich
             in
             Greek
          
           
             P.
             224.
             
          
           
             Naxus
             .
          
           
             P.
             225.
             
          
           
             Syme
             .
          
           
             *
             Vranopolis
             ,
             in
             Mount
             Athos
             .
          
           
             †
             Ausos
             ,
             or
             Auson
             ,
             the
             Son
             of
             Vlysses
             and
             Calypso
             .
          
           
             *
             Of
             Argos
             .
          
           
             Calydna
             ,
             Nisyrus
             .
          
           
             Carpathus
             .
             P.
             226.
             
          
           
             Rhodes
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Sea.
             
          
           
             ‖
             Magi.
             
          
           
             *
             Oriental
             .
          
           
             †
             In
             Greek
             ,
             Helios
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Heliades
             .
          
           
             ‖
             Sol
             ,
             the
             Sun.
             
          
           
             P.
             227.
             
          
           
             *
             That
             is
             ,
             laying
             the
             Victim
             upon
             the
             Altar
             before
             the
             Fire
             .
          
           
             Cadmus
             .
          
           
             Danaus
             .
          
           
             Cadmus
             .
          
           
             P.
             228.
             
          
           
             Althaemenes
             .
          
           
             Chersonesus
             .
          
           
             P.
             229.
             
          
           
             †
             Half
             a
             Goddess
             .
          
           
             P.
             230.
             
          
           
             P.
             231.
             
          
           
             ‖
             Heavens
             and
             Earth
             .
          
           
             *
             Saturn
             .
          
           
             Saturn
             ,
             held
             for
             good
             Reasons
             to
             be
             Noah
             .
             See
             before
             .
          
           
             Hyperion
             .
          
           
             P.
             232.
             
          
           
             Mnemosyne
             .
          
           
             *
             Mnemosyne
             .
             
               Memory
               in
            
             Greek
             .
             Themis
             .
          
           
             †
             To
             act
             the
             part
             of
             Themis
             .
          
           
             *
             Olympus
             .
          
           
             Vesta
             .
          
           
             Ceres
             .
          
           
             ‖
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             P.
             233.
             
          
           
             Hom.
             Odys
             .
             
               lib.
               9.
               ver
            
             .
             109.
             
          
           
             See
             before
             c.
             1.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             Horse-man
             .
          
           
             Pluto
             .
          
           
             †
             Of
             Hell.
             Jupiter
             .
          
           
             *
             Crete
             .
          
           
             †
             Omphalus
             ,
             A
             Navel
             in
             Greek
             .
          
           
             ‖
             The
             Goatholder
             .
          
           
             P.
             234.
             
          
           
             †
             
               Sol
               ,
               Coelus
               ,
               Terra
               ,
               i.
               e.
            
             To
             the
             Sun
             ,
             Heaven
             and
             Barth
             .
          
           
             Plin.
             Nat.
             His
             .
             lib.
             3.
             l.
             5.
             
          
           
             *
             In
             Campania
             near
             Cumas
             .
          
           
             †
             In
             Heaven
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             
               Greek
               ,
               Zein
            
             ,
             is
             to
             live
             .
          
           
             †
             The
             good
             and
             wise
             Counsellor
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             Tritona
             .
          
           
             †
             In
             Crete
             ,
             the
             Territory
             of
             the
             City
             Gnosus
             .
          
           
             *
             
               Eunomia
               ,
               Dica
               ,
               Irene
            
             ,
             i.
             e.
             Good
             Laws
             ,
             Justice
             and
             Peace
             .
          
           
             Venus
             .
          
           
             P.
             235.
             
          
           
             The
             Graces
             .
          
           
             Lucina
             .
          
           
             Diana
             .
          
           
             Horae
             .
          
           
             †
             Eunomia
             ,
             Good
             Laws
             .
          
           
             ‖
             Dica
             ,
             〈…〉
             tice
             .
          
           
             *
             Irene
             ,
             Peace
             .
          
           
             Minerva
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Work
             〈…〉
             woman
             ,
             or
             Goddess
             of
             Crafts
             .
             Muses
             .
          
           
             Vulcan
             .
          
           
             Mars
             .
          
           
             Apollo
             .
          
           
             Aesculapius
             .
          
           
             Mercury
             .
             P.
             236.
             
          
           
             †
             
             Mercury's
             Rod.
             
          
           
             *
             Hermes
             the
             Interpreter
             .
          
           
             Bacchus
             .
          
           
             The
             Ancient
             Hercules
             .
          
           
             *
             This
             Hercules
             is
             held
             to
             be
             
               Joshua
               .
               Gale's
            
             Court
             of
             the
             Gentiles
             ,
             Part
             1.
             
             Book
             2.
             c.
             5.
             
          
           
             Britomartis
             ,
             Dictynna
             .
          
           
             †
             Dictyon
             in
             Greek
             ,
             signifying
             a
             Net.
             
          
           
             P.
             237.
             
          
           
             Pluto
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Riches
             .
          
           
             P.
             238.
             
          
           
             Rhadamanthus
             .
          
           
             Sarpadon
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             in
             the
             Margent
             ,
             confirm'd
             by
             
               Hom.
               Iliad
            
             .
             11.
             vers
             .
             652.
             
          
           
             †
             Crnosus
             in
             Crete
             .
          
           
             P.
             239.
             
          
           
             Lesbos
             .
          
           
             *
             Deucation's
             Flood
             .
          
           
             Deucalion's
             Flood
             ,
             
               An.
               Mun.
            
             2436
             ,
             Eighteen
             Years
             before
             the
             Israelites
             departure
             out
             of
             
               Egypt
               .
               Orige's
            
             Flood
             ,
             248
             Years
             before
             this
             ,
             while
             Jacob
             was
             with
             
               Laban
               ,
               An.
               Mund.
            
             2189.
             
          
           
             The
             Macarian
             Islands
             .
          
           
             *
             Deucalion's
             Flood
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             P.
             240.
             
          
           
             Tenedos
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             Tennus
             .
          
           
             †
             A
             Minstrel
             .
          
           
             The
             Cycladae
             Islands
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e133580
           
             *
             Asyehus
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             75.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             478.
             
          
           
             †
             He
             married
             Artozostra
             the
             Daughter
             of
             Darius
             ;
             and
             was
             himself
             the
             Son
             of
             Gobrias
             ,
             whose
             Daughter
             Darius
             married
             .
             Herod
             .
             lib.
             6.
             c.
             43.
             and
             lib.
             7.
             c.
             5.
             
          
           
             *
             France
             .
          
           
             †
             Spain
             .
          
           
             *
             Long
             Ships
             :
             Ships
             of
             Burden
             were
             call'd
             Olcades
             ,
             and
             were
             built
             in
             a
             round
             form
             ;
             the
             first
             were
             Gallies
             ,
             using
             Oars
             chiefly
             ,
             the
             other
             Sails
             .
          
           
             †
             Cuma
             in
             Eolia
             .
          
           
             P.
             243.
             
          
           
             *
             Earth
             and
             Water
             were
             Badges
             and
             Tokens
             of
             Subjection
             and
             Slavery
             ;
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             †
             Of
             Ships
             from
             Abidos
             to
             the
             other
             Side
             ,
             Seven
             Furlongs
             ,
             about
             a
             Mile
             ,
             Herod
             .
             lib.
             7.
             c.
             34.
             
          
           
             *
             Through
             a
             Neck
             of
             Mount
             Athos
             ,
             Twelve
             Furlongs
             over
             ,
             for
             his
             Ships
             to
             pass
             ,
             Herod
             .
             lib.
             7.
             c.
             22
             ,
             23
             ,
             24.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Men
             in
             Armour
             Others
             were
             call'd
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             naked
             or
             light
             arm'd
             ,
             that
             wore
             no
             Armour
             ,
             such
             as
             Archers
             ,
             Darters
             .
          
           
             †
             Bordering
             upon
             Thessaly
             .
          
           
             
               Cornelius
               Nepos
            
             says
             Seven
             Hundred
             Thousand
             Foot
             ,
             and
             Four
             Hundred
             Thousand
             Horse
             .
          
           
             P.
             244.
             
          
           
             *
             Now
             call'd
             Negropont
             .
          
           
             †
             Or
             King.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Council
             ,
             or
             Parliament
             of
             Sparta
             .
          
           
             †
             Earth
             and
             Water
             ,
             signs
             of
             Subjection
             .
             
               Vid.
               Antea
            
             .
          
           
             *
             From
             Doriscus
             in
             Thrace
             ,
             upon
             the
             Banks
             of
             
               Hebrus
               .
               P.
            
             245.
             
          
           
             †
             Isthmus
             of
             Mount
             Athos
             .
          
           
             *
             That
             lyeth
             before
             the
             Town
             .
          
           
             †
             Not
             of
             Elis
             ,
             as
             the
             Greek
             is
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             mistaken
             for
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             near
             Thermopyle
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             Hundred
             Myriads
             is
             a
             Million
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             never
             failing
             Rivers
             .
          
           
             P.
             246.
             
          
           
             *
             Or
             rather
             a
             Trachinian
             call'd
             Ephialtes
             .
             Pausan
             .
             
               lib.
               1.
               c.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             †
             This
             was
             over
             Mount
             Oeta
             .
             Pausan
             .
             ibid.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             a
             lover
             of
             truth
             and
             honesty
             .
          
           
             P.
             247.
             
          
           
             †
             
               Or
               the
            
             Trachinian
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Sup
             with
             them
             below
             ,
             or
             with
             the
             Infernal
             Spirits
             .
          
           
             P.
             248.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             Hundred
             Myriads
             a
             Million
             .
             Just
             .
             lib.
             2.
             says
             Five
             Hundred
             Thousand
             .
             Orosius
             Six
             Hundred
             Thousand
             .
          
           
             †
             Of
             Melus
             in
             Thessaly
             .
          
           
             *
             Simonides
             Ceus
             ,
             a
             Lyrick
             
               Poet
               ,
               in
               the
               time
               of
            
             Xerxes
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             Cadmean
             Victory
             .
             The
             Proverb
             and
             Reason
             ,
             
               Erasm
               .
               Adag
               .
               375.
               
               Paus
               .
            
             in
             Boetic
             .
             729.
             c.
             9.
             
          
           
             †
             Vid.
             Antea
             .
          
           
             P.
             249.
             
          
           
             Another
             Sea-Fight
             .
          
           
             ‖
             The
             Straight
             between
             Eubea
             and
             Beotia
             .
          
           
             The
             Grecians
             transport
             themselves
             at
             Salamis
             .
          
           
             Xerxes
             harras●eth
             Greece
             .
          
           
             Xerxes
             his
             Army
             punished
             at
             
               Delphos
               ,
               P.
            
             250.
             
          
           
             †
             The
             Roof
             cover'd
             with
             Brass
             .
             See
             Pausan
             .
             lib.
             10.
             
             〈◊〉
             .
             5.
             he
             says
             the
             Temple
             was
             made
             of
             Brass
             .
          
           
             Athens
             raz'd
             .
          
           
             Consultations
             among
             the
             Grecians
             concerning
             Fighting
             at
             Sea
             ,
          
           
             P.
             251.
             
          
           
             *
             In
             Peloponesus
             .
          
           
             †
             A
             Port
             of
             Corinth
             .
          
           
             *
             Five
             Miles
             .
          
           
             A
             Stratagem
             of
             Themistocles
             .
          
           
             The
             Sea
             Fight
             at
             Salamis
             .
          
           
             †
             Of
             the
             Island
             Aegina
             .
          
           
             P.
             252.
             
          
           
             *
             Fled
             backward
             .
          
           
             Another
             Stratagem
             of
             Themistocles
             .
          
           
             One
             Sicinus
             a
             Persian
             ,
             Plut.
             in
             Themist
             .
          
           
             P.
             253.
             
          
           
             
          
           
             P.
             254.
             
          
           
             Gelo
             
               routs
               the
            
             Carthaginians
             .
          
           
             A
             Comparison
             of
             the
             Battel
             at
             Himera
             ,
             with
             the
             Battel
             at
             Platea
             .
          
           
             P.
             255.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             kept
             out
             of
             the
             B●racad●
             .
          
           
             The
             Works
             at
             Agrigentum
             by
             the
             Captives
             .
          
           
             P.
             256.
             
          
           
             The
             praise
             of
             Gelo.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Sir
             
               Walter
               Rawleigh
            
             says
             ,
             Two
             Arm'd
             Ships
             ,
             as
             Pledges
             of
             the
             Peace
             ;
             which
             I
             rather
             incline
             unto
             .
          
           
             *
             Three
             Pounds
             Fifteen
             Shillings
             .
          
           
             †
             Tunick
             ,
             a
             Souldier's
             Coat
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             Three-footed
             Stool
             or
             Chair
             .
          
           
             The
             Death
             of
             
               Gelo.
               Pindar
            
             the
             Poet.
             
          
           
             P.
             257.
             
          
           
             Jealousies
             between
             the
             Athenians
             and
             the
             other
             Grecians
             .
          
           
             Mardonius
             invades
             Attica
             .
          
           
             P.
             258.
             
          
           
             *
             At
             the
             Isthmus
             .
          
           
             The
             Oath
             of
             the
             Consederacy
             .
          
           
             Ante
             Chr.
             478.
             
          
           
             †
             Near
             Platea
             ,
             and
             Thebes
             .
             The
             Fight
             with
             the
             Persians
             at
             Erybra
             .
          
           
             The
             great
             Battel
             with
             the
             Persians
             at
             the
             River
             Asopus
             near
             Platea
             .
          
           
             P.
             259.
             
          
           
             The
             Persians
             routed
             .
          
           
             The
             Persians
             Camp
             forc'd
             .
          
           
             Above
             100000
             Persians
             put
             to
             the
             Sword
             in
             the
             Camp.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Two
             Hundred
             Thousand
             Myriads
             .
             Mistaken
             it
             seems
             .
             P.
             260.
             
          
           
             P.
             261.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             477.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             75.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             477.
             
             Ann.
             Mund.
             3471.
             
             P.
             262.
             
          
           
             Herodotus
             ends
             his
             History
             .
          
           
             Anno
             Mundi
             ,
             3472.
             
             Olymp.
             75.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             476.
             
          
           
             Law
             in
             Syracuse
             ,
             against
             Funeral
             Pomp.
             
          
           
             ‖
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Five
             and
             Twenty
             Miles
             .
          
           
             
             Gelo's
             Funeral
             
          
           
             Ante
             Chr.
             476.
             
          
           
             The
             Commendation
             of
             Gelo
             and
             them
             that
             rule
             well
             .
          
           
             The
             Athenians
             repair
             their
             Walls
             .
          
           
             The
             Lacedemonians
             endeavour
             to
             hinder
             the
             building
             of
             the
             Walls
             of
             Athens
             .
          
           
             P.
             263.
             
          
           
             Themistocles
             his
             Stratagem
             to
             build
             the
             Walls
             of
             Athens
             .
          
           
             Ante
             Chr.
             476.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             75.
             4.
             
             Ante
             Chr.
             475.
             
          
           
             Ann.
             Mund.
             3473.
             
          
           
             Themistocles
             his
             Project
             to
             enlarge
             the
             Haven
             Pyreum
             at
             Athens
             .
          
           
             P.
             264.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             475.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             475.
             
          
           
             Pausanias
             ordered
             to
             free
             the
             Grecian
             Cities
             from
             the
             
               Persians
               .
               Ante
               Chr.
            
             475.
             
             P.
             265.
             
          
           
             Pausanias
             his
             Treason
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             475.
             
          
           
             *
             One
             Argilius
             his
             Catamite
             .
             Cornel.
             Nep.
             
          
           
             †
             A
             Room
             with
             a
             Partition
             built
             in
             some
             part
             of
             the
             Ground
             belonging
             to
             the
             Temple
             ;
             for
             the
             Greek
             Word
             is
             Hiero
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             Temple
             or
             any
             of
             the
             Consecrated
             Ground
             .
             The
             Word
             Temenos
             ,
             is
             properly
             the
             Temple
             it self
             .
          
           
             The
             manner
             of
             the
             Discovery
             of
             Pausanias
             his
             Treason
             .
          
           
             P.
             266.
             
          
           
             The
             Censure
             of
             Pausanias
             .
          
           
             Ante
             Chr.
             475.
             
          
           
             All
             submit
             to
             Aristides
             .
          
           
             Aristides
             his
             Justice
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             76.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             474.
             
          
           
             P.
             267.
             
          
           
             Hiero
             King
             of
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             People
             of
             Sybaris
             in
             Greece
             .
          
           
             †
             A
             People
             of
             Croton
             in
             Italy
             .
          
           
             Ante
             Chr.
             474.
             
          
           
             Thrasideus
             his
             Oppression
             .
          
           
             The
             Treason
             of
             the
             Himerians
             discover'd
             by
             
               Hiero
               .
               Hiero
            
             expels
             the
             Cataneans
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             76.
             2.
             
             Anno
             Mund.
             3497.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             473.
             
          
           
             P.
             268.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             473.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             76.
             3.
             
             An.
             Mu.
             3498.
             
             Ante
             Chr.
             472.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             76.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             471.
             
          
           
             P.
             296.
             
          
           
             An.
             Mund.
             3500.
             
             Olymp.
             77.
             1.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             470.
             
          
           
             Thero
             King
             of
             Agrigentum
             dy'd
             .
          
           
             The
             Commendation
             of
             Thero
             .
          
           
             Thrasideus
             King
             of
             Agrigentum
             his
             Cruelty
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             470.
             
          
           
             The
             Fight
             of
             the
             Agregentines
             and
             Syracusians
             .
          
           
             Thrasideus
             abdicates
             the
             Government
             ,
             and
             kills
             himself
             .
          
           
             An.
             Mu.
             3500.
             
             Olymp.
             77.
             2.
             
             Ante
             Chr.
             ●●9
             .
          
           
             Themistocles
             accus'd
             .
          
           
             Themistocles
             acquitted
             .
          
           
             Themistocles
             Banished
             .
             P.
             270.
             
          
           
             The
             Law
             of
             Ostracism
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             469.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             469.
             
          
           
             *
             Of
             
               Epirus
               .
               Themistocles
            
             flies
             to
             the
             Molossians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             469.
             
          
           
             Themistocles
             
               flies
               into
            
             Asia
             .
          
           
             P.
             271.
             
          
           
             Themistocles
             
               convey'd
               into
            
             Persia
             .
          
           
             Ante
             Chr.
             469.
             
          
           
             The
             further
             danger
             Themistocles
             fell
             into
             .
          
           
             Themistocles
             deliver'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             469.
             
             
               The
               King
               of
            
             Persia's
             
               Bounty
               to
            
             Themistocles
             .
          
           
             Themistocles
             
               his
               Death
            
             .
          
           
             P.
             272.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             469.
             
             
               The
               Praise
               of
            
             Themistocles
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             469.
             
          
           
             Olym.
             77.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             468.
             
          
           
             Cymon
             
               General
               of
               the
            
             Athenians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             468.
             
          
           
             
             Cymon's
             Victory
             both
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land.
             
          
           
             P.
             273.
             
          
           
             The
             Sea
             Fight
             at
             Cyprus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             468.
             
          
           
             Cymon
             routs
             the
             Persians
             at
             Land
             by
             a
             Stratagem
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             468.
             
          
           
             P.
             274.
             
          
           
             Olym.
             77.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             467.
             
          
           
             
               A
               great
            
             Earthquake
             in
             Sparta
             .
          
           
             The
             Helots
             conspire
             against
             Sparta
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             467.
             
          
           
             P.
             275.
             
          
           
             
               The
               War
               between
               the
            
             Messenians
             &
             Lacedemonians
             .
          
           
             An.
             Mu.
             3504.
             
             Olymp.
             78.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             466.
             
          
           
             Ante
             Chr.
             466.
             
          
           
             P.
             276.
             
          
           
             Mycena
             in
             Greece
             ruin'd
             .
          
           
             The
             Justice
             and
             Honesty
             of
             Micythus
             ,
             Tutor
             and
             Governor
             of
             the
             Prince
             of
             Zancles
             .
          
           
             Rhegium
             in
             Italy
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             78.
             3
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             464.
             
          
           
             P.
             277.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             264.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             464.
             
          
           
             Thrasibulus
             abdicates
             the
             Government
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             City
             in
             
               Magna
               Grecia
            
             in
             Italy
             .
          
           
             P.
             278.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             78.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             463.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             463.
             
          
           
             Artaxerxes
             kills
             Artabanus
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             79.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             462.
             
          
           
             *
             Aegina
             ,
             near
             Peloponesus
             in
             the
             Aegean
             Sea.
             
          
           
             Ante
             Chr.
             462.
             
          
           
             P.
             279.
             
          
           
             †
             A
             People
             of
             Thrace
             ,
             near
             the
             Mountain
             Edon
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             79.
             2.
             
             Ante
             Chr.
             461.
             
          
           
             This
             is
             
               Artaxerxes
               Longimanus
            
             ,
             who
             forbad
             the
             Building
             of
             Jerusalem
             .
             From
             his
             Seventh
             Year
             ,
             began
             
             Daniel's
             Seventy
             Weeks
             ,
             which
             is
             490
             Years
             to
             the
             Death
             of
             Christ
             .
          
           
             The
             Egyptians
             revolt
             from
             the
             Persians
             .
          
           
             Inarus
             set
             up
             in
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             461
             
          
           
             The
             flourishing
             state
             of
             Sicily
             after
             the
             deposition
             of
             Tyrants
             .
          
           
             *
             Jovi
             Liberatori
             .
          
           
             P.
             280.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             461.
             
          
           
             New
             Stirs
             in
             Sicily
             at
             Syraeuse
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             79
             〈…〉
             .
             Ant.
             Chr.
             46.
             
          
           
             The
             Persians
             routed
             in
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             †
             The
             Third
             part
             of
             Memphis
             ,
             the
             other
             Two
             Parts
             being
             taken
             by
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             Usher's
             Annals
             ,
             136.
             
             Thucidides
             ,
             lib.
             1.
             37.
             
             Memphis
             now
             call'd
             
               Grand
               Cairo
            
             .
          
           
             P.
             281.
             
             Olymp.
             79.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             459.
             
             Artabazus
             and
             Megabyzus
             
               sent
               Generals
               into
            
             Egypt
             .
          
           
             A
             Fight
             between
             the
             Syracusians
             and
             the
             Seditious
             .
          
           
             About
             3
             
               l.
               2
               s.
               6
               d.
            
             
          
           
             A
             War
             against
             them
             of
             Catana
             .
          
           
             The
             Cities
             of
             Sicily
             freed
             from
             Foreigners
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             459.
             
          
           
             P.
             282.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             80.
             1.
             
             
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             458.
             
          
           
             An
             Expedition
             into
             Egypt
             by
             the
             Persian
             Generals
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             Prosopis
             in
             Aegypt
             ,
             in
             that
             Part
             called
             Delta
             .
          
           
             The
             Athenian
             Fleet
             ruined
             by
             a
             Stratagem
             in
             Aegypt
             by
             the
             Persians
             .
          
           
             Peace
             made
             with
             the
             Athenian
             Army
             .
          
           
             
               Ante
               Chr.
            
             458.
             
             A
             Tumult
             against
             the
             Magistrates
             in
             Athenis
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             80.
             2.
             
             
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             457.
             
          
           
             War
             between
             the
             Athenians
             and
             them
             of
             
               Aegina
               .
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             457.
             
          
           
             P.
             283.
             
          
           
             Olym.
             80.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             456.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             456.
             
          
           
             †
             Erybium
             .
          
           
             *
             Boion
             .
             War
             between
             the
             Phoceans
             and
             Doreans
             .
          
           
             *
             Grarenea
             ,
             a
             Ridge
             of
             a
             Hill
             lying
             before
             the
             Entrance
             into
             the
             Isthmos
             .
             The
             Athenians
             contrive
             to
             cut
             off
             the
             Lacedemonians
             in
             their
             return
             Home
             .
             
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             456.
             
          
           
             P.
             284.
             
          
           
             Olym.
             80.
             4.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             455.
             
          
           
             The
             War
             between
             the
             Athenians
             and
             the
             Thebans
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             455.
             
             The
             Thebans
             
               routed
               by
            
             Myronides
             .
          
           
             P.
             285.
             
          
           
             Another
             Battel
             with
             the
             
               Thebans
               .
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             455.
             
          
           
             The
             Acts
             of
             Myronides
             .
          
           
             †
             Pharsalos
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             81.
             
             An.
             Mu.
             3516.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             454.
             
          
           
             
             Tolmides's
             Design
             to
             invade
             Laconia
             .
          
           
             His
             Stratagem
             to
             raise
             Souldiers
             .
          
           
             P.
             286.
             
             The
             acts
             of
             Tolmides
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             454.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             81.
             2.
             
             An.
             M.
             3517.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             453.
             
          
           
             Pericles
             made
             General
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             81.
             3.
             
             An.
             M.
             3518.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             452.
             
          
           
             A
             War
             between
             the
             Aegestines
             and
             Lilybeans
             in
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             
             Tyndarides's
             Treason
             in
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             The
             Law
             of
             Petalism
             made
             in
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             P.
             287.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             452.
             
          
           
             Petalism
             abolish'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             452.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             81.
             4.
             
             Ante
             Chr.
             451.
             
          
           
             Pericles
             makes
             an
             inrode
             into
             Peloponesus
             .
          
           
             Scycion
             Besieged
             .
          
           
             †
             The
             Hetrurians
             in
             Italy
             .
          
           
             *
             Hetruria
             .
             The
             Affairs
             of
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Ante
             Chr.
             451.
             
          
           
             †
             Hetrurians
             .
          
           
             Ducetius
             Prince
             of
             the
             Sicilians
             ,
             or
             Siculi
             .
          
           
             P.
             288.
             
          
           
             †
             Gemini
             Fatres
             Jovis
             Filii
             ,
             ex
             Nympha
             Thalia
             .
             Palicon
             
               built
               in
            
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             *
             
               i.
               e.
            
             Pots
             or
             Caldrons
             .
          
           
             The
             Wonders
             of
             the
             Craters
             in
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             451.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             451.
             
             Palicon
             destroy'd
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             82.
             2.
             
             An.
             M.
             3521.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             450.
             
             P.
             289.
             
             Agrigentines
             
               routed
               by
            
             Deucetius
             .
          
           
             Fight
             between
             the
             Siculi
             and
             Deucetius
             ,
             against
             the
             Syracusians
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Motyum
             
               taken
               by
               the
            
             Agrigentines
             .
          
           
             A
             remarkable
             Passage
             of
             Deucetius
             .
          
           
             The
             generosity
             of
             the
             Syracusians
             in
             sparing
             
               Deucetius
               .
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             450.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e164420
           
             Phidias
             the
             Statuary
             .
          
           
             P.
             292.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             82.
             3
             
             An.
             Mu.
             3520.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             448.
             
          
           
             *
             An
             Island
             in
             Egypt
             in
             that
             part
             call'd
             Delta
             .
          
           
             Cymon
             invades
             Cyprus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             448.
             
          
           
             A
             Sea
             Fight
             at
             Cyprus
             .
          
           
             
               Ante
               Chr.
            
             448.
             
             A
             Battle
             at
             land
             in
             Cilicia
             with
             the
             Persians
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             82.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             447.
             
             An.
             Mu.
             3521.
             
          
           
             Salamis
             in
             Cyprus
             
               besieg'd
               by
            
             Cymon
             .
          
           
             P.
             293.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             447.
             
          
           
             Peace
             concluded
             between
             the
             Persians
             and
             Athenlans
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             City
             in
             Pamphilia
             .
          
           
             †
             A
             City
             in
             Lycia
             .
          
           
             Cymon
             
               dies
               .
               Olymp.
            
             83.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             446.
             
          
           
             The
             Megarians
             
               revolt
               from
            
             Athenia
             〈…〉
             ns
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             83.
             2
             
             An.
             M.
             3525.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             445.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             83.
             3
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             445.
             
          
           
             *
             Call'd
             Hestiea
             .
          
           
             Peace
             Concluded
             by
             the
             Cities
             with
             Athens
             for
             30
             Years
             .
          
           
             P.
             294.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             †
             Now
             St.
             Nicholas
             .
          
           
             Thurium
             
               Built
               in
            
             Italy
             .
          
           
             The
             City
             Sybaris
             very
             rich
             .
          
           
             The
             Wealthy
             Citizens
             Banish'd
             by
             the
             instigation
             of
             Telys
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Italiotes
             ,
             so
             strangers
             were
             call'd
             that
             liv'd
             in
             
               Italy
               .
               Pythagoras
               .
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             445.
             
             The
             War
             between
             the
             Sybarites
             and
             them
             of
             Crotona
             .
          
           
             Sybaris
             ras'd
             .
          
           
             P.
             295.
             
             Rebuilt
             58
             Years
             after
             .
          
           
             Sybaris
             remov'd
             chang'd
             it's
             Name
             and
             call'd
             Thurium
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             445.
             
          
           
             Sedition
             at
             Thurium
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             445.
             
          
           
             Charonidas
             
               his
               Laws
            
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             445.
             
          
           
             1
             Concerning
             second
             Marage
             .
             P.
             296.
             
          
           
             2
             False
             accusers
             .
          
           
             3
             Bad
             Company
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             445.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             4
             Teaching
             to
             Write
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             The
             praise
             of
             the
             Art
             of
             Writing
             .
          
           
             P.
             297.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             457.
             
          
           
             5
             About
             Orphans
             .
          
           
             Ante
             Chr.
             445.
             
          
           
             6
             Against
             such
             as
             ran
             from
             their
             Colours
             .
          
           
             The
             severity
             of
             his
             Laws
             as
             to
             the
             repeating
             of
             them
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             445.
             
          
           
             P.
             298.
             
          
           
             8.
             
             Concerning
             amendment
             of
             the
             Laws
             .
          
           
             A
             notable
             Law
             to
             prevent
             Innovation
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             445.
             
          
           
             Eye
             for
             Eye
             .
             The
             Story
             of
             him
             that
             had
             but
             one
             Eye
             .
          
           
             One
             mov'd
             to
             have
             some
             Laws
             amended
             .
          
           
             Law
             about
             Marriage
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             445.
             
          
           
             *
             Drachma
             was
             of
             the
             Value
             of
             7
             d.
             in
             our
             Money
             .
          
           
             P.
             299.
             
          
           
             The
             remarkable
             Death
             of
             Charonidas
             .
          
           
             †
             Vid.
             lib.
             13.
             f.
             53.
             
          
           
             The
             Law-maker
             Zaleuchus
             .
          
           
             Law
             about
             Religion
             .
             Excellent
             Notions
             and
             Rules
             of
             Natural
             Religion
             relating
             to
             Divine
             Worship
             ,
             and
             this
             by
             a
             Heathen
             .
          
           
             
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             445.
             1.
             
             Against
             Implacableness
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             About
             Magistrates
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Against
             the
             Expence
             of
             Women
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Expences
             of
             Men.
             
          
           
             P.
             300.
             
             Olymp.
             83.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             443.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             84.
             1.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             442.
             
          
           
             *
             Appius
             .
          
           
             †
             Crenucius
             .
          
           
             *
             Servius
             .
          
           
             †
             T.
             Romilius
             .
          
           
             *
             A.
             Manlius
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             84.
             2.
             
             
               Ante
               Chr.
            
             441.
             
             The
             Story
             of
             the
             Daughter
             of
             Virginius
             .
          
           
             †
             Appius
             .
          
           
             *
             One
             Marcus
             Claudius
             .
          
           
             ‖
             One
             Lucius
             Virginius
             .
          
           
             Tribunes
             of
             the
             People
             chosen
             at
             Rome
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Tribunes
             of
             the
             People
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             441.
             
             P.
             301.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             84.
             3.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             440.
             
             The
             Twelve
             Tables
             at
             Rome
             .
          
           
             Most
             Nations
             of
             the
             World
             at
             Peace
             .
          
           
             This
             may
             be
             the
             time
             mention'd
             in
             Zachary
             ,
             Zach.
             1.
             11.
             which
             continued
             to
             the
             time
             of
             
               Darius
               Nothus
               ,
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             440.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             84.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             439.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             pro
             
               Priene
               ,
               Thucyd.
               Priene
            
             ,
             a
             Town
             in
             Ionia
             ,
             under
             the
             Mountain
             
               Micale
               .
               Pericles
            
             sent
             against
             the
             Samians
             .
          
           
             Seditions
             in
             Samos
             .
          
           
             P.
             302.
             
          
           
             Battering-Rams
             and
             Scorpions
             .
             
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             439.
             
          
           
             Olym.
             85.
             1.
             
             An.
             Mu.
             3531.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             438.
             
          
           
             Ducetius
             dies
             .
          
           
             
               War
               between
               the
            
             Syracusians
             and
             Trinacrians
             .
          
           
             *
             Sicilians
             .
          
           
             P.
             303.
             
          
           
             Olym.
             85.
             2.
             
             An.
             M.
             3533.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             437.
             
          
           
             The
             Corinthian
             War.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             437.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             85.
             3.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             436.
             
          
           
             Sea-Fight
             between
             the
             Corinthians
             and
             Corcyreans
             .
          
           
             P.
             304.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             85.
             4.
             
             
               An.
               Mu.
            
             3535.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             86.
             1.
             
             An.
             Mu.
             3536.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             435.
             
          
           
             The
             Athenians
             
               joyn
               with
               the
            
             Corcyreans
             .
          
           
             Another
             Fight
             at
             Sea.
             
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             435.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             86.
             2.
             
             
               An.
               Mu.
            
             3537.
             
          
           
             †
             Elbas
             .
             Ant.
             Chr.
             434.
             
          
           
             Potidea
             
               revolts
               from
               the
            
             Athenians
             .
          
           
             *
             Chalcidica
             
               a
               Region
               in
            
             Macedonia
             .
          
           
             P.
             305.
             
             Potidea
             Besieg'd
             .
             Ant.
             Chr.
             435.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             86.
             3.
             
             An.
             Mu.
             3538.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             434.
             
          
           
             Quarrels
             at
             Thurium
             .
          
           
             Archidamus
             dies
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             86.
             4.
             
             An.
             Mu.
             3539.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             453.
             
          
           
             *
             
               Answering
               to
               the
            
             Roman
             Months
             June
             and
             July
             .
             See
             Aelian
             .
             Var.
             Hist
             .
             lib.
             10.
             c.
             7.
             
          
           
             Meton's
             Year
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             87.
             1.
             
             An.
             Mund.
             3540.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             432.
             
          
           
             †
             Milius
             kill'd
             by
             
               Servilius
               Hala
            
             ,
             Master
             of
             the
             Horse
             .
          
           
             P.
             306.
             
          
           
             Thucydides
             begins
             his
             History
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             87.
             2.
             
             An.
             M.
             3541.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             431.
             
          
           
             The
             Peloponesian
             War.
             
          
           
             *
             Every
             Talent
             is
             187
             l.
             10
             s.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             431.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             Famous
             Philosopher
             ,
             who
             held
             the
             Sun
             was
             a
             burning
             Plate
             or
             Stone
             .
             He
             was
             tried
             in
             Athens
             ,
             for
             this
             and
             his
             Impieties
             :
             He
             held
             God
             was
             an
             Infinite
             Moving
             of
             himself
             .
             See
             
               Laertius
               .
               Lact.
            
             lib.
             1.
             c.
             5.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             431.
             
          
           
             P.
             307.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             Common
             Talent
             was
             about
             an
             Hundred
             Eighty
             Seven
             Pounds
             ,
             Ten
             Shillings
             of
             our
             Money
             .
          
           
             †
             The
             Propyle
             was
             a
             stately
             Gate
             or
             Porch
             belonging
             to
             the
             Acropolis
             or
             Citadel
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             431.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             431.
             
          
           
             P.
             308.
             
          
           
             Platea
             entr'd
             in
             the
             Night
             by
             the
             Thebans
             .
          
           
             The
             Thebans
             driven
             out
             of
             Platea
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             431.
             
          
           
             *
             Here
             seems
             to
             be
             something
             wanting
             and
             lost
             ,
             
               i.
               e.
            
             who
             they
             were
             that
             sent
             Shipping
             .
          
           
             The
             Spartans
             wast
             Attica
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             431.
             
             P.
             309.
             
          
           
             *
             Geganius
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             87.
             3
             
             :
             An.
             Mu.
             3542.
             
             Ante
             Chr.
             430.
             
          
           
             †
             Acte
             .
             Pericles
             harrases
             Peloponesus
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             430.
             
             Brasidas
             
               his
               Valour
            
             .
          
           
             Pheras
             taken
             by
             Storm
             by
             the
             Athenians
             .
          
           
             The
             Acts
             of
             Cleopompus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             430.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             Town
             belonging
             to
             the
             Messenians
             .
          
           
             P.
             310.
             
          
           
             A
             Plague
             in
             Athens
             .
          
           
             A
             Talent
             was
             Two
             Hundred
             and
             Fifty
             Pounds
             ,
             the
             greater
             ;
             but
             the
             lesser
             an
             Hundred
             Eighty
             Seven
             Pounds
             Ten
             Shillings
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             87.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             429.
             
          
           
             *
             Maluginensis
             .
             Pericles
             dies
             .
          
           
             Potidea
             Besieg'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             429.
             
          
           
             Potidea
             surrendred
             .
          
           
             P.
             311.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             429.
             
          
           
             Platea
             besieg'd
             by
             the
             Lacedemonians
             .
          
           
             The
             Athenian
             Generalskill'd
             in
             Beotia
             .
          
           
             
               Ante
               Chr.
            
             429.
             
             The
             Lacedemonians
             routed
             at
             Sea
             ,
             at
             Rhium
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             Promontory
             neer
             the
             Isthmos
             of
             Corinth
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             88.
             1.
             
             Ante
             Chr.
             428.
             
          
           
             †
             Julius
             .
          
           
             P.
             312.
             
          
           
             Salamis
             invaded
             by
             the
             Lacedemonians
             .
          
           
             The
             Commendation
             of
             Sitalces
             King
             of
             Thrace
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             428.
             
          
           
             Sitalces
             his
             War
             with
             the
             Macedonians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             428.
             
          
           
             P.
             313.
             
          
           
             Another
             inroad
             into
             Attica
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             88.
             2.
             
             
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             427.
             
             War
             between
             the
             Syracusians
             and
             the
             Leontines
             .
          
           
             *
             Manlius
             .
          
           
             Gorgias
             the
             Orator
             .
          
           
             †
             A
             Mina
             in
             Silver
             ,
             is
             about
             3
             l.
             9
             s.
             
          
           
             *
             Paranomacisms
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Figures
             call'd
             
               Synoeceiosms
               ,
               Oxymorons
               ,
               Paranomacisms
            
             ,
             and
             the
             like
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             427.
             
          
           
             †
             Ten
             Thousand
             Talents
             amounts
             to
             1875000
             l.
             Sterling
             ,
             the
             lesser
             Talent
             .
             The
             greater
             Talent
             is
             250
             l.
             The
             lesser
             is
             187
             l.
             10
             s.
             
          
           
             P.
             314.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             427.
             
          
           
             The
             Athenians
             assist
             the
             Leontines
             in
             Sicily
             by
             Chabrias
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             Italy
             upon
             the
             Sea-Coasts
             .
          
           
             †
             Mylae
             ,
             a
             City
             in
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Lesbos
             revolts
             from
             Athens
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             greatest
             City
             of
             Lesbos
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             427.
             
             Mitylene
             
               besieg'd
               by
               the
            
             Athenians
             .
          
           
             Mitylene
             surrendred
             .
          
           
             P.
             315.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             427.
             
          
           
             Platea
             surrendred
             .
          
           
             Platea
             raz'd
             .
          
           
             ‖
             A
             Sedition
             at
             Corcyra
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             427.
             
          
           
             P.
             316.
             
             Olymp.
             88.
             3.
             
             
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             426.
             
             Plague
             breaks
             forth
             again
             at
             Athens
             .
          
           
             *
             That
             is
             ,
             Winds
             which
             come
             at
             stated
             and
             certain
             times
             every
             Year
             .
             Plin.
             lib.
             2.
             c.
             47.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             426.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             An
             Earthquake
             .
          
           
             †
             Near
             Eubea
             ,
             now
             call'd
             Negropont
             .
          
           
             *
             There
             are
             many
             of
             this
             Name
             ,
             but
             this
             is
             near
             the
             Mountain
             Oeta
             ,
             and
             the
             Straits
             of
             
               Thermopyle
               .
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             426.
             
          
           
             *
             Medullus
             .
          
           
             †
             Mamercus
             .
             P.
             317.
             
             
               The
               Acts
               of
            
             Demosthenes
             the
             Athenian
             General
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             88.
             4.
             
             An.
             Mu.
             3547.
             
          
           
             ‖
             
               A
               City
               of
            
             Achaia
             ,
             
               now
               call'd
            
             Lepantum
             
               by
               the
            
             Venetians
             .
             Ant.
             Chr.
             426.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             City
             of
             Aetolia
             .
          
           
             †
             Ambracia
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             Town
             in
             the
             Western
             part
             of
             Peloponesus
             .
          
           
             †
             Eight
             Stadia's
             make
             a
             Mile
             ;
             every
             Stadium
             is
             625
             Foot.
             400
             Sladia
             is
             50
             Miles
             .
          
           
             Ante
             Chr.
             462.
             
          
           
             Pylus
             besieg'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             426.
             
             P.
             318.
             
          
           
             *
             Hatches
             or
             Ladder
             to
             get
             out
             of
             the
             Ship.
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             426.
             
          
           
             The
             Lacedemonians
             
               blockt
               up
               in
            
             Sphacteria
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             426.
             
          
           
             P.
             319.
             
          
           
             Artaxerxes
             dies
             .
          
           
             Posthumius
             put
             his
             own
             Son
             to
             death
             .
          
           
             †
             
               Or
               rather
            
             Iparchus
             .
             Olymp.
             89.
             1.
             
             An.
             Mu.
             3548.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             425.
             
             Nicias
             invades
             Melus
             .
          
           
             Spoils
             Tanagria
             .
          
           
             Nicias
             routs
             the
             Corinthians
             ,
             and
             invades
             Cythera
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             Town
             near
             Corinth
             .
          
           
             †
             In
             Laconia
             .
             Ant.
             Chr.
             425.
             
          
           
             *
             An
             Island
             on
             the
             South-East
             side
             of
             Laconia
             .
          
           
             P.
             320.
             
          
           
             †
             In
             Peloponesus
             ,
             now
             call'd
             Cerigo
             ,
             belonging
             to
             the
             Venetians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             425.
             
             Magara
             
               betray'd
               to
               the
            
             Athenians
             .
          
           
             Recover'd
             by
             Brasidas
             .
             The
             Acts
             of
             Brasidas
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Descendents
             of
             Slaves
             .
             
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             425.
             
          
           
             P.
             321.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             425.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Sea
             Shoar
             .
          
           
             †
             Iberians
             ,
             a
             People
             of
             Macedonia
             ,
             near
             the
             River
             Stremon
             :
             Said
             to
             be
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             of
             Two
             Tongues
             .
          
           
             A
             Battel
             by
             the
             Athenians
             with
             the
             Beotians
             at
             Delium
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             425.
             
          
           
             The
             manner
             of
             the
             Fight
             at
             
               Delium
               .
               P.
               322.
               
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             425.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             425.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             
               Darius
               Nothus
            
             begins
             to
             Reign
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             89.
             2.
             
             Scione
             a
             City
             in
             
               Thrace
               .
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             424.
             
          
           
             Aristides
             and
             Symmachus
             sent
             into
             Lesbos
             against
             the
             Exiles
             of
             Mitylene
             .
          
           
             P.
             323.
             
             A
             Truce
             propounded
             ,
             and
             made
             for
             a
             Year
             .
          
           
             
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             424.
             
             War
             continu'd
             .
          
           
             Menda
             revolts
             to
             the
             Lacedemonians
             .
          
           
             Menda
             retaken
             .
          
           
             Scione
             besieg'd
             by
             the
             Athenians
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             89.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             423.
             
          
           
             *
             Fidenas
             .
          
           
             †
             Or
             Adrametum
             ,
             a
             City
             in
             Mysia
             ,
             in
             the
             Lesser
             Asia
             .
          
           
             The
             Battel
             of
             Amphipolis
             ,
             where
             the
             Generals
             on
             both
             sides
             were
             kill'd
             .
             P.
             324.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             423.
             
          
           
             Peace
             concluded
             .
          
           
             Ten
             Years
             of
             the
             Peloponesian
             War.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             89.
             4.
             
             
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             422.
             
             New
             Commotions
             .
          
           
             The
             Cities
             confederate
             both
             against
             Athens
             and
             
               Sparta
               .
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             422.
             
          
           
             
               An.
               Mu.
            
             2847.
             
             Eighty
             Years
             after
             the
             taking
             of
             Troy
             ,
             in
             the
             time
             of
             Saul
             and
             Samuel
             .
          
           
             Ante
             Chr.
             422.
             
          
           
             P.
             325.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             422.
             
          
           
             †
             Scione
             is
             an
             Island
             in
             the
             Aegean
             Sea.
             There
             's
             another
             Scione
             in
             Thrace
             .
             See
             before
             .
          
           
             The
             Campanians
             take
             Cuma
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             90.
             1.
             
             An.
             Mu.
             3552.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             421.
             
          
           
             *
             
               A
               City
               in
            
             Macedonia
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             City
             in
             the
             Hellespont
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             90.
             2.
             
             An.
             Mu.
             3553.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             420.
             
          
           
             The
             Argives
             invade
             Troezeza
             near
             Argos
             .
          
           
             P.
             326.
             
          
           
             Agis
             threatned
             to
             be
             put
             to
             Death
             .
          
           
             Ante
             Chr.
             420.
             
          
           
             Orcomenia
             
               taken
               by
               the
            
             Argives
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             420.
             
             
               A
               Battel
               between
               the
            
             Lacedemonians
             
               and
               the
            
             Mantineans
             .
          
           
             *
             Titus
             Quinctius
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             90.
             3.
             
             An.
             Mund.
             3554.
             
             Ante
             Chr.
             419.
             
          
           
             P.
             327.
             
          
           
             A
             League
             between
             the
             Lacedemonians
             and
             the
             Argives
             .
          
           
             A
             Sedition
             in
             Argos
             .
          
           
             Quarrels
             and
             a
             Fight
             beween
             the
             Phoceans
             and
             Locrians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             419.
             
          
           
             *
             Cithera
             in
             Peloponesus
             .
          
           
             †
             Nicea
             a
             Port
             Town
             in
             Megara
             .
          
           
             *
             Melus
             in
             Thessaly
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             90.
             4.
             
             An.
             Mu.
             3555.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             418.
             
          
           
             Alcibiades
             sent
             to
             compose
             matters
             in
             Argos
             .
          
           
             The
             Lacedemonians
             invade
             Argaia
             .
          
           
             
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             418.
             
             The
             15th
             Year
             of
             the
             Peloponesian
             War.
             P.
             328.
             
          
           
             Olym.
             91.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             417.
             
          
           
             The
             cruelty
             of
             the
             Thracians
             .
             Quarrels
             between
             the
             Agistines
             and
             the
             Seluntines
             in
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             417.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             417.
             
          
           
             Debates
             at
             Athens
             about
             afsisting
             the
             Aegistines
             in
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             P.
             329.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             417.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e189470
           
             P.
             331.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             91.
             2.
             
             
               An.
               Mu.
               3531.
               
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             412.
             
          
           
             Preparations
             against
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             All
             the
             Images
             in
             Athens
             had
             their
             Heads
             struck
             off
             in
             one
             Night
             .
             
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             412.
             
          
           
             P.
             332.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             412.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Port
             of
             Athens
             ,
             Five
             Miles
             from
             Athens
             ,
             join'd
             to
             it
             with
             a
             long
             Wall.
             Plin.
             Nat.
             
               Hist
               .
               lib.
               2.
               c.
            
             85.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             †
             Now
             Corfu
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             Promontory
             of
             Italy
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             
               In
               the
            
             Streights
             .
          
           
             †
             The
             Siculi
             are
             they
             that
             came
             out
             of
             Italy
             ,
             and
             call'd
             it
             Sicily
             ,
             which
             was
             before
             
               Sicania
               .
               Sicilians
            
             is
             a
             general
             Name
             for
             all
             the
             Inhabitants
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             412.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Alcibiades
             
               accused
               at
            
             Athens
             .
          
           
             P.
             333.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             412
             
          
           
             Alcibiades
             withdraws
             himself
             .
          
           
             Alcibiades
             Condemn'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             412.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             This
             Diagoras
             was
             a
             Milean
             ;
             he
             questioned
             in
             his
             Writings
             ,
             whether
             there
             were
             any
             Gods
             ;
             for
             which
             he
             was
             prosecuted
             .
             
               Vid.
               Lact.
            
             lib.
             1.
             p.
             7.
             
          
           
             P.
             334.
             
             Olymp.
             91.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             411.
             
             The
             Syracusians
             
               crave
               aid
               of
               the
            
             Lacedemonians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             411.
             
          
           
             †
             An
             high
             piece
             of
             Land
             near
             the
             City
             over-topping
             it
             .
          
           
             Gylippus
             
               arrives
               at
            
             Himera
             .
          
           
             A
             Baatel
             fought
             near
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             411.
             
             P.
             335.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             〈◊〉
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             91.
             4.
             
             An.
             M.
             3559.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             410.
             
          
           
             A
             Sea-Fight
             between
             the
             Athenians
             and
             Syracusians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             410.
             
          
           
             P.
             336.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             Another
             Sea
             Fight
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             Demosthenes
             and
             Eurimedon
             arrive
             at
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             *
             Messapia
             
               an
               Island
               neer
            
             Sicily
             call'd
             Calabria
             .
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
             The
             Athenians
             worsted
             .
          
           
             P.
             337.
             
             A
             Plague
             in
             the
             Athenian
             Comp.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             410.
             
          
           
             Another
             Sea
             Fight
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             410.
             
          
           
             P.
             338.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             Fire-Ship
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             410.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             A
             great
             Sea-Fight
             in
             the
             Harbor
             at
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             
               Ante
               Chr.
               410.
               
               Nicias
            
             stirs
             up
             the
             Souldiers
             to
             Fight
             like
             Men
             of
             Valour
             .
          
           
             †
             A
             Song
             before
             Battle
             .
             P.
             339.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             41
             〈…〉
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             410.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             P.
             340.
             
          
           
             The
             Athenians
             routed
             in
             the
             Sea-Fight
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             The
             miserable
             Condition
             of
             the
             Athenians
             in
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             P.
             341.
             
          
           
             ‖
             About
             half
             a
             Pint.
             
          
           
             Nicholaus's
             Speech
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             
               Sine
               Cornu
            
             ,
             without
             a
             Horn.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             P.
             342.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             P.
             343.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             410.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             P.
             344.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             P.
             345.
             
          
           
             The
             Speech
             of
             Gylippus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             41●
             .
          
           
             P.
             346.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             Ante
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             Town
             in
             Thessaly
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             P.
             347.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             Ante
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             The
             Athenian
             Generals
             put
             to
             Death
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             410.
             
          
           
             Vid.
             Book
             12.
             
             The
             same
             Story
             of
             Charonidis
             .
          
           
             
               P.
               348.
               
               Diocles
            
             kills
             himself
             to
             confirm
             his
             own
             Law.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             92.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             409.
             
          
           
             †
             The
             Greek
             has
             not
             these
             Names
             as
             they
             are
             here
             .
          
           
             Four
             Hundred
             chosen
             to
             rule
             in
             Athens
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             409.
             
          
           
             Dioclean
             
               Laws
               in
            
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             *
             Demy
             God.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             409.
             
          
           
             P.
             349.
             
          
           
             Four
             Hundred
             chosen
             to
             govern
             in
             Athens
             .
          
           
             The
             Athenians
             routed
             at
             Sea
             by
             the
             Peloponesians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             409.
             
          
           
             Darius
             seeks
             to
             make
             a
             League
             with
             the
             Lacedemonians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             409.
             
             Alcibiades
             
               prevents
               Aid
               from
               the
            
             Persians
             
               to
               the
            
             Lacedemonians
             .
          
           
             Alcibiades
             
               recall'd
               to
            
             Athens
             .
          
           
             P.
             350.
             
             Olymp.
             92.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             408.
             
          
           
             Democracy
             stor'd
             in
             Athens
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             408.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             Town
             in
             Thrace
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             408.
             
          
           
             P.
             351.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             408.
             
          
           
             A
             Battel
             at
             Sea
             near
             to
             Abydus
             ,
             between
             the
             Athenians
             and
             Lacedemonians
             .
             The
             Athenians
             Victors
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             408.
             
             Mindarus
             
               Shipwrackt
               at
               Mount
            
             Atbos
             .
          
           
             †
             A
             City
             in
             Peloponesus
             .
          
           
             Alcibiades
             arrives
             at
             Samos
             ,
             pleads
             his
             innocency
             .
          
           
             P.
             352.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             408.
             
          
           
             *
             An
             Island
             in
             the
             Archipelago
             ,
             call'd
             otherwise
             Co●
             .
          
           
             Thucydides
             
               ends
               his
               History
            
             .
             Xenophon
             continues
             Thucydides
             .
             Ant.
             Chr.
             408.
             
          
           
             †
             Volas
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             92.
             3.
             
             An.
             M.
             3561.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             407.
             
          
           
             The
             Carthaginians
             
               side
               with
               the
            
             Aegistines
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             407.
             
          
           
             P.
             353.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             407.
             
          
           
             The
             Carthaginian
             
               War
               in
            
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             407.
             
          
           
             *
             See
             p.
             61.
             c.
             4.
             
          
           
             The
             Fight
             at
             Dardanum
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             407.
             
             P.
             354.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             407.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             407.
             
          
           
             P.
             355.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             407.
             
          
           
             *
             Of
             Calcis
             in
             Eubea
             ,
             now
             Negropont
             .
          
           
             Euripus
             a
             strait
             of
             the
             Sea
             between
             Beotia
             and
             Eubea
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             407.
             
          
           
             †
             An
             Island
             in
             the
             Aegean
             Sea.
             
          
           
             A
             Sedition
             in
             Corcyra
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             407.
             
          
           
             P.
             356.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             407.
             
          
           
             ‖
             A
             City
             in
             
               Macedonia
               .
               Pydnea
            
             taken
             .
          
           
             *
             An
             Island
             in
             the
             Propontis
             .
          
           
             The
             Fight
             at
             
               Cyzicum
               .
               P.
            
             357.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             407.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             407.
             
          
           
             P.
             358.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             407.
             
          
           
             †
             Cyzicum
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             407.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             407.
             
          
           
             P.
             359.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             407.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             92.
             4.
             
             An.
             Mu.
             3563.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             406.
             
          
           
             P.
             360.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             406.
             
          
           
             Ante
             Chr.
             406.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             406.
             
          
           
             P.
             361.
             
          
           
             †
             Spaniards
             .
          
           
             Selinunte
             taken
             and
             raz'd
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Ant.
             Chr.
             406.
             
          
           
             The
             cruelty
             of
             the
             Carthaginians
             in
             Selinunte
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             406.
             
          
           
             P.
             362.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             406.
             
          
           
             Himera
             Besieg'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             406.
             
          
           
             P.
             363.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             406.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             The
             Carthaginians
             routed
             by
             a
             Sally
             from
             Himerd
             .
          
           
             The
             Himerians
             repuls'd
             .
             Ant.
             Chr.
             406.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             406.
             
          
           
             P.
             364.
             
          
           
             Himcra
             ruin'd
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             406.
             
          
           
             Hermocrates
             returns
             into
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Hermocrates
             banish'd
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             406.
             
          
           
             †
             Panorma
             ,
             now
             Palermo
             .
          
           
             P.
             365.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             406.
             
          
           
             Ephesus
             Assaulted
             by
             Thrasybulus
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             City
             in
             Bythinia
             in
             Asia
             ,
             over
             against
             Constantinople
             .
          
           
             Pylus
             besieg'd
             by
             the
             Lacedemonians
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             Promontory
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             406.
             
          
           
             Anytus
             redeem'd
             his
             Life
             for
             Mony
             .
          
           
             Pylus
             surrender'd
             to
             the
             Lacedemonians
             .
          
           
             Battle
             between
             the
             Megareans
             and
             the
             Athenians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             406.
             
          
           
             The
             Megareans
             roated
             .
          
           
             P.
             366.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             †
             Atameus
             .
          
           
             A
             Fight
             at
             the
             Siege
             of
             Chalcedon
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             406.
             
          
           
             Byzantium
             
               besieg'd
               ;
               now
            
             Constantinople
             .
          
           
             *
             Selymbria
             ,
             
               a
               City
               in
               the
            
             Propontis
             ,
             
               now
               call'd
            
             Seleuree
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             406.
             
          
           
             Byzantium
             betray'd
             .
          
           
             P.
             367.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             93.
             1.
             
          
           
             An.
             M.
             3564.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             405.
             
          
           
             Alcibiades
             receiv'd
             with
             great
             Applause
             at
             Athens
             .
          
           
             His
             Description
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             405.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             P.
             368.
             
          
           
             *
             Certain
             Priests
             of
             Athens
             .
          
           
             Alcibiades
             invades
             Andros
             .
          
           
             Lysander
             the
             Lacedemonian
             General
             .
          
           
             Darius
             sends
             his
             Son
             Cyrus
             to
             assist
             the
             Lacedemonians
             .
          
           
             *
             Fifteen
             Sh.
             apiece
             Gold.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Alcibiades
             
               sails
               to
            
             Ephesus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             405.
             
             P.
             369.
             
          
           
             The
             Athenian
             Fleet
             routed
             at
             Ephesus
             .
          
           
             ‖
             Thasus
             ,
             an
             Island
             in
             the
             
               Aegean
               Sea.
            
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             405.
             
          
           
             Agis
             the
             Lacedemonian
             King
             near
             surprizing
             of
             Athens
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             405.
             
             A
             Fight
             by
             Horse
             under
             the
             Walls
             of
             Athens
             .
          
           
             ‖
             A
             Place
             near
             the
             City
             .
          
           
             P.
             370.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             405.
             
             Alcibiades
             
               unjustly
               wastes
            
             Cuma
             .
          
           
             Alcibiades
             
               accus'd
               at
            
             Athens
             
               by
               the
            
             Cumeans
             .
          
           
             Conon
             made
             Admiral
             .
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
               405.
               
               Alcibiades
            
             lost
             his
             Commission
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             but
             in
             the
             Margent
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Alcibiades
             avoids
             Athens
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             This
             was
             a
             new
             Race
             by
             a
             brace
             of
             Mules
             in
             a
             Chariot
             ,
             call'd
             
               Sinouris
               .
               Xen.
               Hel.
            
             lib.
             1.
             
             Ush
             .
             Annal.
             155.
             
          
           
             ‖
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             but
             in
             the
             Margent
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Hermocrates
             causes
             the
             dead
             Bodies
             to
             be
             convey'd
             to
             
               Syracuse
               .
               P.
            
             371.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             405.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             93.
             2.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             404.
             
          
           
             Callicratides
             
               made
               Admiral
               of
               the
            
             Lacedemonians
             .
          
           
             His
             Acts.
             
          
           
             *
             Delphinum
             .
          
           
             †
             
               A
               City
               in
            
             Ionia
             .
             Am.
             Chr.
             404.
             
             P.
             372.
             
          
           
             Conon
             the
             Athenian
             Admiral
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             404.
             
          
           
             
               A
               Sea-fight
               at
            
             Mitylene
             ,
             between
             Conon
             and
             Callicratides
             .
          
           
             ‖
             A
             Song
             us'd
             before
             Battle
             .
             
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             404.
             
          
           
             P.
             373.
             
             Ant.
             Chr.
             404.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             A
             Stout
             Fight
             in
             Defence
             of
             the
             Haven
             at
             Mitylene
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             404.
             
          
           
             Mitylene
             besieg'd
             by
             the
             Lacedemonians
             .
          
           
             P.
             374.
             
          
           
             Therma
             built
             in
             Sicily
             by
             the
             Carthaginians
             .
             Olymp.
             93.
             3.
             
             
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             403.
             
          
           
             *
             Now
             call'd
             Majorca
             and
             Minorca
             near
             Spain
             .
          
           
             The
             Invasion
             of
             
               Sicily
               .
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             403.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             P.
             375.
             
             A
             Description
             of
             the
             Riches
             of
             Agrigentum
             in
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             The
             Description
             of
             the
             Olympian
             Temple
             in
             
               Agrigentum
               .
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             403.
             
          
           
             *
             Near
             a
             Mile
             .
          
           
             †
             About
             Ten
             Yards
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             
             Gellias's
             Riches
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             P.
             376.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Gellias
             a
             Rich
             Man
             of
             Aggenmtum
             ,
             of
             mean
             Aspect
             ,
             but
             admirable
             Parts
             .
          
           
             ‖
             Centuripines
             ;
             a
             People
             in
             Sicily
             :
             Their
             City
             call'd
             Centuripinum
             .
             Plin.
             
               Nat.
               Hist
            
             .
             lib.
             3.
             c.
             8.
             
          
           
             Antisthenes
             ,
             another
             rich
             Man.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             403.
             
          
           
             Agrigenttum
             besieg'd
             by
             the
             Carthaginians
             .
          
           
             P.
             377.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             Agrigentum
             Besieg'd
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             
               A
               Plague
               among
               the
            
             Carthaginians
             .
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             Note
             the
             malice
             of
             the
             Devil
             ,
             and
             the
             blindness
             of
             the
             poor
             Heathens
             .
          
           
             †
             Spaniards
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             The
             Carthaginians
             routed
             .
          
           
             P.
             378.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             40.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             P.
             379.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             The
             lamentable
             Condition
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             Agrigentum
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             Agirgentum
             
               taken
               by
               the
            
             Carthagineans
             .
          
           
             Gellias
             ,
             burns
             himself
             in
             the
             Temple
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             P.
             380.
             
          
           
             The
             Phalarian
             Bull.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             
             Dionysius's
             Accusation
             of
             the
             Officers
             at
             Agrigentum
             .
          
           
             P.
             381.
             
          
           
             Dionysius
             chosen
             one
             of
             the
             Generals
             .
          
           
             
               Ant.
               Chr.
            
             403.
             
             His
             Contrivances
             to
             gain
             the
             Sovereign
             .
             Power
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             Dionysius
             relieves
             Gela.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             P.
             382.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Dionysius
             made
             sole
             General
             .
          
           
             P.
             383.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             Dionysius
             his
             Project
             to
             get
             a
             Guard.
             
          
           
             †
             Leontium
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             403.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Dionysius
             declares
             himself
             King.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             P.
             384.
             
          
           
             *
             Three
             Islands
             ,
             lying
             between
             Lesbos
             and
             Eolis
             ,
             near
             to
             Cane
             .
          
           
             †
             Or
             Cane
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             403.
             
          
           
             The
             Famous
             Battle
             of
             Arginuse
             .
          
           
             ‖
             Thebes
             was
             built
             by
             Cadmus
             ,
             and
             call'd
             Cadmea
             ;
             and
             the
             Thebans
             lost
             so
             many
             (
             tho'
             they
             got
             the
             Victory
             )
             in
             the
             Old
             War
             of
             Thebes
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             call'd
             
               Cadmea
               Victoria
            
             .
             The
             seven
             Generals
             that
             came
             against
             Thebes
             ,
             were
             all
             kill'd
             but
             one
             .
             See
             
               Diodor.
               lib.
            
             4.
             267
             ,
             268.
             
          
           
             The
             Brave
             Speech
             
               of
               Callicratides
            
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             404.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
             P.
             385.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             Callicratides
             kill'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             The
             Athenians
             Victors
             at
             Arginuse
             .
          
           
             Mitylene
             reliev'd
             .
             P.
             386.
             
          
           
             Ante
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             The
             Officers
             accus'd
             at
             Athens
             for
             not
             Burying
             the
             Dead
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Orators
             ,
             or
             Counsel
             for
             the
             People
             .
          
           
             The
             Brave
             Athenian
             Officers
             put
             to
             Death
             by
             the
             People
             .
          
           
             ‖
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Sheriffs
             .
          
           
             The
             Speech
             of
             Diomedon
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             403.
             
          
           
             P.
             387.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             403.
             
          
           
             Philistus
             the
             Historian
             .
          
           
             Death
             of
             Sophocles
             .
          
           
             Euripides
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             93.
             4.
             
          
           
             An.
             M.
             3567.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             Philocles
             and
             Conon
             ,
             joyntly
             Commission'd
             
          
           
             P.
             388.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             A
             cruel
             Sedition
             at
             Miletus
             .
          
           
             The
             Feast
             of
             Bachus
             .
             Vsher's
             Annal.
             161.
             
          
           
             *
             Worth
             15
             Shill
             .
             English
             .
          
           
             †
             The
             Island
             mention'd
             
               Acts
               27.
               16.
               
               Vsh
            
             .
             An.
             161.
             
          
           
             ‖
             This
             is
             said
             to
             be
             mistaken
             for
             Caramium
             ,
             a
             Bay
             in
             Caria
             ;
             for
             that
             Thasus
             is
             an
             Isle
             ,
             and
             lies
             far
             off
             ,
             and
             was
             taken
             some
             time
             after
             .
             Vsh
             .
             Ann.
             160.
             
             
               Aemil.
               Probus
            
             in
             the
             Life
             of
             Lysand
             .
          
           
             ‡
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Sub
             hasta
             vendidit
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             404.
             
          
           
             †
             In
             the
             Strait
             of
             the
             Hellespont
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             
               The
               Surprize
               of
               the
            
             Athenians
             at
             Aegos
             Potamos
             Egos
             ,
             or
             Potamos
             .
          
           
             P.
             389.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             40●
             .
          
           
             
               The
               total
               Rout
               of
               the
            
             Athenians
             at
             Aegos
             Potamos
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             little
             Thong
             of
             Parchment
             ,
             wrapt
             about
             a
             Staff
             ,
             and
             then
             taken
             off
             ;
             which
             would
             agree
             exactly
             with
             another
             Staff
             at
             Sparta
             when
             it
             was
             lapt
             about
             it
             ;
             and
             so
             the
             Letters
             could
             be
             read
             .
          
           
             Athens
             taken
             .
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             The
             End
             of
             the
             Peloponesian
             War.
             
          
           
             *
             
               Darius
               Nothus
            
             ,
             who
             ordered
             the
             rebuilding
             of
             the
             Temple
             .
             P.
             390.
             
          
           
             †
             Artaxerxes
             Mnemon
             ,
             
               in
               whose
               Twentieth
               Year
            
             Nehemiah
             
               came
               to
            
             Jerusalem
             .
             The
             Carthaginians
             
               Spoils
               in
            
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             The
             Carthaginians
             besiege
             Gela.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             Dionysius
             hastens
             to
             aid
             Gela.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             P.
             391.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             an
             Herald
             .
          
           
             P.
             392.
             
          
           
             The
             Sedition
             of
             the
             Camarineans
             and
             Geleans
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Chr.
             403.
             
          
           
             A
             Revolt
             by
             the
             Horsemen
             from
             Dionysius
             .
          
           
             Their
             vile
             abuse
             of
             his
             Wife
             .
          
           
             *
             19
             Leagues
             ,
             or
             50
             English
             Miles
             .
             P.
             393.
             
          
           
             
             Dionysius's
             Rage
             and
             Cruelty
             in
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             in
             Modern
             Times
             a
             Trumpet
             .
          
           
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             403.
             
             A
             Peace
             by
             the
             Carthaginians
             with
             Dionysius
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e221720
           
             PREFACE
             .
          
           
             P.
             396.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             94.
             1.
             
             An.
             M.
             3568.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             402.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             402.
             
          
           
             The
             Thirty
             Tyrants
             chosen
             at
             Athens
             .
          
           
             P.
             397.
             
          
           
             Theramenes
             chosen
             one
             of
             the
             Thirty
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             402.
             
          
           
             The
             Cruelty
             of
             the
             Thirty
             Tyrants
             of
             Athens
             .
          
           
             Ant
             Ch
             402.
             
          
           
             Theramenes
             accus'd
             by
             the
             Tyrants
             .
          
           
             Hal'd
             from
             the
             Altar
             in
             the
             Senate
             .
          
           
             *
             Sheriffs
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             402.
             
          
           
             Theramenes
             Executed
          
           
             Many
             other
             :
             Executed
             .
          
           
             They
             cut
             the
             Throats
             of
             the
             Richest
             in
             the
             City
             .
             Ant
             Ch.
             402.
             
             P.
             398.
             
          
           
             The
             Cruelty
             of
             the
             Tyrants
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             402.
             
          
           
             Dionysius
             strengthens
             himself
             in
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Dionysius
             besieges
             Herbessus
             ,
             now
             call'd
             Palazzulo
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             402.
             
          
           
             A
             Conspiracy
             against
             Dionysius
             .
          
           
             *
             Hills
             over
             the
             City
             .
          
           
             P.
             399.
             
          
           
             Dionysius
             penn'd
             up
             in
             the
             Island
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             402.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             402.
             
          
           
             The
             Campanians
             come
             to
             assist
             Dionysius
             .
          
           
             Dionysius
             makes
             a
             Sally●
             and
             routs
             the
             Syracusians
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             402.
             
          
           
             P
             400.
             
          
           
             The
             Cruelty
             of
             the
             Campanians
             at
             Entella
          
           
             *
             Those
             for
             an
             Oligarchy
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             402.
             
          
           
             Aristus
             
               s●nt
               by
               the
            
             Lacedemonians
             to
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             Aristus
             betrays
             some
             of
             the
             Citizens
             to
             the
             Tyrant
             .
          
           
             Dionysius
             disarms
             the
             Citizens
             .
          
           
             Alcibiades
             kill'd
             .
          
           
             The
             manner
             of
             Alcibiades
             his
             death
             .
          
           
             p.
             401.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             402.
             
          
           
             *
             From
             Coronea
             to
             Thebes
             30
             Miles
             ,
             both
             in
             Beotia
             in
             Greece
             .
          
           
             *
             Verulanum
             in
             Latium
             .
             Olymp.
             94.
             2.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             401.
             
          
           
             Clearchus
             acts
             like
             a
             Tyrant
             in
             Byzantium
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             401.
             
          
           
             Clearchus
             routed
             at
             Selymbria
             by
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             .
             Is
             employ'd
             by
             Cyrus
             the
             Brother
             of
             
               Artaxerxes
               Mnemon
            
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             401.
             
          
           
             P.
             402.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             a
             Decemvirate
             ,
             a
             Government
             under
             10
             Persons
             .
          
           
             Lysander
             contrives
             to
             cut
             the
             Line
             of
             the
             Heraclidae
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             chosen
             King
             of
             Sparta
             ;
             Seeks
             to
             bribe
             the
             Oracles
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             Africa
             near
             Carthage
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             401.
             
          
           
             The
             Acts
             of
             Dionysius
             in
             Sicily
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             enlarge
             his
             Dominion
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             401.
             
          
           
             P.
             403.
             
          
           
             *
             Now
             
               St.
               Nicholas
            
             in
             Sicily
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             401.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             i.
             e.
             sub
             hasta
             vendidit
             ,
             
               sold
               under
               the
               Spear
            
             .
          
           
             Alesa
             
               built
               by
            
             Archonides
             .
          
           
             *
             About
             a
             mile
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             401.
             
          
           
             *
             About
             20
             Yards
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             400.
             
          
           
             *
             Almost
             four
             Miles
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             94.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             399.
             
             Cyrus
             makes
             War
             against
             Artaxerxes
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             399.
             
          
           
             P.
             406.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             399.
             
          
           
             *
             Two
             Miles
             and
             an
             half
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             399.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             P.
             407.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Senate
             at
             Sparta
             .
          
           
             *
             Gates
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             399.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             Quarter
             and
             an
             half
             of
             a
             Mile
             .
          
           
             *
             3
             l.
             2
             s.
             6
             d.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             399.
             
          
           
             P.
             408.
             
             The
             Battel
             between
             Cyrus
             and
             Arraxerxes
             :
             It
             was
             fought
             at
             a
             Plac'd
             call'd
             Cynaxa
             ,
             500
             Furlongs
             from
             
               Babylon
               .
               Plut.
               Artaxerxes
            
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             Quarter
             and
             half
             of
             a
             Mile
             .
          
           
             †
             The
             Pean
             was
             a
             song
             to
             Mars
             before
             the
             Fight
             ,
             and
             to
             Apollo
             after
             the
             Victory
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             399.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Sons
             of
             Oedipus
             King
             of
             Thebes
             ,
             kill'd
             one
             another
             in
             a
             Combat
             ,
             fighting
             for
             the
             Kingdom
             .
             
               Plut.
               Lives
            
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             399.
             
          
           
             P.
             409.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             399.
             
          
           
             
             Cyrus's
             Army
             Routed
             .
          
           
             *
             Now
             Zant.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             399.
             
          
           
             P.
             410.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             399.
             
          
           
             The
             troublesome
             March
             of
             the
             Grecians
             out
             of
             Persia
             into
             their
             own
             Country
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             399.
             
          
           
             Tissaphernes
             
               pursues
               the
            
             Grecians
             .
          
           
             *
             Within
             the
             Parenthesis
             this
             ,
             or
             some
             thing
             like
             in
             sense
             is
             omitted
             in
             the
             Greek
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             399.
             
             
             Tissaphernes's
             Treachery
             in
             killing
             the
             Grecian
             Commanders
             .
          
           
             Cheirisophus
             chos●n
             General
             of
             the
             Greeks
             .
             P.
             411.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Carducians
             are
             People
             in
             Media
             ,
             not
             subject
             unto
             Persia
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             Carduchi
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             399.
             
          
           
             *
             Which
             divides
             Armenia
             from
             the
             Carduchi
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             399
             
          
           
             A
             Tempest
             upon
             the
             Grecians
             at
             Land.
             
          
           
             P.
             412.
             
          
           
             *
             In
             Colchis
             running
             into
             the
             Euxine
             Sea.
             
          
           
             *
             Chaoniti
             .
             rather
             Colchi
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             River
             in
             Caria
             .
          
           
             *
             About
             132
             Yards
             .
          
           
             *
             Belonging
             to
             the
             Macrones
             ,
             a
             People
             of
             Pontus
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             399.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             People
             of
             Pontus
             .
          
           
             The
             strange
             effect
             of
             a
             sort
             of
             Honey
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             399
             
          
           
             *
             City
             in
             Capadocia
             .
             P.
             413.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             People
             of
             Pontus
             in
             the
             City
             
               Sinope
               .
               Gymnick
            
             Plays
             ,
             
               i.
               e.
            
             Wrestling
             ,
             Leaping
             ,
             Running
             ,
             Qu●its
             ,
             Fighting
             with
             Clubs
             ,
             in
             which
             sports
             they
             were
             naked
             .
             
               Isidor
               .
               Origin
               .
               Lib.
               18.
               
               C.
            
             17
             ,
             18.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             City
             in
             Pontus
             .
          
           
             *
             Vide
             antea
             .
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             399.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             399.
             
          
           
             *
             This
             is
             mistaken
             ,
             as
             appears
             afterwards
             by
             the
             number
             of
             those
             that
             went
             with
             Xenophon
             into
             
               Thrace
               .
               Vide
               postea
               .
               Olymp.
            
             95.
             1.
             
          
           
             The
             Cruelty
             of
             the
             Thirty
             Tyrants
             at
             Athens
             continued
             .
             The
             Acts
             of
             Thrasybulus
             .
          
           
             *
             Twelve
             Mile
             and
             a
             half
             .
             P.
             414.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Xenophons
             Hellen.
             Lib.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             399.
             
          
           
             *
             Not
             in
             the
             Greek
             ,
             but
             in
             the
             Latin
             ,
             yet
             necessary
             for
             the
             Sense
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             399.
             
          
           
             The
             Thirty
             Deposed
             ,
             Liberty
             restored
             to
             Athens
             .
             P.
             415.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             399.
             
          
           
             The
             Eleans
             make
             Peace
             with
             the
             Lacedaemonians
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             City
             in
             Lybia
             in
             Africa
             .
          
           
             *
             Velitrae
             .
          
           
             Ann.
             M.
             3572.
             
             Olym
             95.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             398.
             
          
           
             *
             Livy
             says
             Marcus
             Emilius
             ,
             Appius
             Claudius
             ,
             Marcus
             Quintilius
             ,
             Lucius
             Julius
             ,
             Marcus
             Posthumius
             ,
             and
             Lucius
             Valerius
             .
          
           
             *
             Pharnabazus
             
               is
               here
               put
               for
            
             Tissaphernes
             .
             Ush
             .
             An.
             169.
             
          
           
             The
             Cruelty
             of
             the
             King
             of
             Aegypt
             .
          
           
             P.
             416.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             398.
             
          
           
             War
             between
             the
             Lacedaemenians
             and
             Persians
             .
          
           
             *
             About
             Fifteen
             Miles
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             Promontory
             in
             Pontus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             398.
             
          
           
             Dionysius
             builds
             Adranus
             in
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Socrates
             condemn'd
             .
          
           
             An.
             M.
             3573.
             
             Olymp.
             95.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             397.
             
             P.
             417.
             
          
           
             *
             Manlius
             ,
          
           
             *
             Quintus
             Servilius
             .
          
           
             *
             Marcus
             Sergius
             .
          
           
             *
             Capitolinus
             .
          
           
             *
             For
             Larissa
             .
          
           
             *
             Tissaphernes
             .
             
               A
               Sedition
               at
            
             Heraclea
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Chersonese
             is
             an
             Istmos
             near
             the
             Hellespont
             ,
             containing
             37
             Furlongs
             ,
             
               i.
               e.
            
             above
             Four
             Miles
             from
             one
             Sea
             to
             another
             .
             
               Xenoph.
               Hell.
               Lib.
            
             3.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             397.
             
          
           
             *
             
               Tissaphernes
               Conon
            
             made
             Admiral
             by
             the
             Persians
             .
          
           
             The
             Persians
             and
             Lacedemonians
             make
             a
             Truce
             near
             Ephesus
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             397.
             
          
           
             P.
             418.
             
             The
             Rhegians
             jealous
             of
             Dionysius
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             City
             in
             Italy
             .
          
           
             The
             Rhegians
             invade
             Sicily
             ,
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             397.
             
          
           
             The
             Rhegians
             return
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             397.
             
          
           
             P.
             419.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             397.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             397.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             397.
             
          
           
             P.
             420.
             
          
           
             An.
             M.
             3574.
             
             Olymp.
             95.
             3.
             
             Ant
             Ch.
             369.
             
          
           
             *
             Marcus
             Emilius
             Mamercus
             .
          
           
             *
             Cneius
             Cornelius
             .
          
           
             *
             Lucius
             Valerius
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             396.
             
             The
             Rhegians
             refuse
             Affinity
             with
             Dionysius
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             P.
             421.
             
             Dionysius
             stirs
             up
             the
             Citizens
             of
             Syracuse
             to
             a
             War
             against
             Carthage
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             396.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             396.
             
          
           
             P.
             422.
             
          
           
             Ctesias
             his
             History
             ends
             .
          
           
             An.
             M.
             3572.
             
             Olymp.
             95.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             395.
             
          
           
             The
             Second
             Carthaginian
             War
             with
             Dionysius
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             395.
             
          
           
             Motya
             besieg'd
             by
             Dionysius
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             395.
             
          
           
             P.
             423.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             395.
             
          
           
             Imilco
             
               arrives
               in
            
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Ant
             Ch.
             395.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             With
             6
             Chambers
             one
             above
             another
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             P.
             424.
             
             Ant.
             Ch
             395.
             
          
           
             A
             brave
             Defence
             at
             Motya
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             395.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             395.
             
             P.
             425.
             
             Motya
             taken
             .
          
           
             *
             Above
             300
             l.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Sold
             under
             the
             Spear
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Sophoeles
             the
             Tragedian
             .
          
           
             An.
             M.
             3576.
             
             Olymp.
             96.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             Dionysius
             still
             carries
             on
             the
             War
             against
             the
             Carthaginians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             The
             great
             Preparations
             of
             the
             Carthaginians
             against
             Dionysius
             .
          
           
             P.
             426.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             Motya
             retaken
             by
             Storm
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             Imilco
             marches
             to
             Messina
             in
             order
             to
             besiege
             it
             .
          
           
             *
             Betwixt
             Seven
             and
             Eight
             Miles
             .
          
           
             P.
             427.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             Messina
             
               taken
               by
               the
            
             Carthaginians
             .
          
           
             *
             Which
             is
             not
             above
             a
             Mile
             and
             an
             half
             to
             Rhegium
             in
             Italy
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             Messina
             raz'd
             .
          
           
             P.
             428.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             Tauromenium
             built
             .
          
           
             
             Imilco's
             march
             hinder'd
             by
             streams
             of
             Fire
             from
             Aetna
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             A
             Fight
             at
             Sea
             between
             Mago
             and
             Leptines
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
             P.
             429.
             
          
           
             
             Dionysius's
             Fleet
             routed
             .
          
           
             Dionysius
             
               marches
               back
               to
            
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             Dionysius
             sends
             for
             Aids
             to
             other
             Countries
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Pressmasters
             ,
             or
             one
             to
             list
             Foreigners
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
             P.
             430.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             pro
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             
               deest
               .
               Imiclo
            
             enters
             the
             Part
             of
             Syracuse
             with
             his
             Navy
             .
          
           
             Encamps
             near
             the
             City
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             male
             and
             a
             half
             .
          
           
             *
             Part
             of
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             The
             Syracusians
             beat
             the
             Carthaginians
             at
             Sea.
             P.
             431.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
             Designs
             to
             depose
             Dionysius
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             P.
             43●
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394
             
          
           
             P
             433.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             A
             Plague
             in
             the
             Carthaginians
             Army
             .
             P.
             434.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             P.
             435.
             
             The
             miserable
             condition
             of
             the
             Garthaginians
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             The
             strange
             burning
             of
             the
             Carthaginian
             Ships
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch
             394.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             P.
             436.
             
          
           
             Imilco
             gives
             300
             Talents
             to
             Dionysius
             to
             have
             liberty
             to
             depart
             into
             Africa
             .
          
           
             The
             Carthaginians
             pursu'd
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             
             Imilco's
             Misery
             in
             his
             own
             Country
             .
             P.
             437.
             
          
           
             Murthers
             himself
             .
          
           
             The
             Confederates
             rise
             up
             in
             Arms
             against
             the
             Carthaginians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             Dionysius
             re-peoples
             Messina
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             P.
             438.
             
          
           
             
               Ush
               .
               Ann.
            
             174.
             rather
             Four
             thousand
             Horse
             .
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Otherwise
             called
             Nepherites
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
             The
             King
             of
             Egypt
             sends
             Tackle
             for
             Ships
             and
             Wheat
             to
             the
             Lacedemonians
             .
          
           
             Rhodes
             revolts
             foom
             the
             Lacedemonians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
             Agesilaus
             p●●lages
             in
             Asia
             .
          
           
             P.
             439.
             
          
           
             *
             Paradise
             .
          
           
             Routs
             Tissaphernes
             by
             an
             Ambuscade
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
          
           
             Tissaphernes
             kill'd
             by
             the
             King's
             Order
             .
          
           
             War
             between
             the
             Boeotians
             and
             Phocian
             ,
             call'd
             the
             Boeotian
             War.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             394.
             
             Conon
             employ'd
             by
             the
             King
             of
             Persia
             against
             the
             Lacedemonians
             .
             P.
             440.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             96.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             393.
             
          
           
             *
             Mistaken
             .
          
           
             *
             Marcus
             Valerius
             Maximus
             .
          
           
             *
             
               Lucius
               Furius
            
             .
             The
             Confederate
             War.
             
          
           
             *
             Phera
             a
             City
             in
             Macedonia
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             393.
             
          
           
             The
             Battel
             at
             Aricas
             .
          
           
             P.
             441.
             
          
           
             The
             Battel
             at
             Nemea
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             393.
             
          
           
             The
             Sea-fight
             at
             Cnidus
             .
          
           
             *
             Periarchus
             
               is
               here
               mistaken
               for
            
             Pisander
             .
             Ush
             .
             Ann.
             179.
             
          
           
             Pisander
             kill'd
             ,
             and
             the
             Lacedemonians
             routed
             at
             Sea.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             393.
             
          
           
             The
             Lacedemonians
             
               beat
               the
            
             Boeotians
             .
          
           
             *
             Nisea
             ,
             a
             Town
             on
             the
             East-side
             of
             the
             Isthmos
             of
             Peloponnenesus
             .
          
           
             †
             Tios
             ,
             a
             City
             in
             Paphligonia
             .
          
           
             P.
             442.
             
          
           
             *
             Cyclades
             ,
             Islands
             of
             the
             Aegean
             Sea
             near
             Delos
             ,
             lying
             in
             a
             Round
             ,
             and
             therefore
             so
             call'd
             .
          
           
             †
             Cythera
             ,
             an
             Island
             over
             against
             Crete
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             393.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             96.
             3.
             
             An.
             M.
             3578.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             392.
             
          
           
             *
             Lucius
             Julius
             ,
             and
             Lucius
             Furius
             .
          
           
             Conon
             
               comes
               to
            
             Athens
             .
          
           
             Builds
             the
             Walls
             of
             the
             Pireum
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             392.
             
          
           
             The
             Sedition
             at
             Corinth
             .
          
           
             The
             Corinthian
             War.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             P.
             443.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             392.
             
             Quarrels
             between
             the
             Rhegians
             and
             Dionysius
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Dionysius
             besieges
             Tauromenium
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             392.
             
          
           
             Dionysius
             near
             killing
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             96.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             391.
             
          
           
             *
             Maenius
             .
             The
             Acts
             of
             Mago
             in
             Sicily
             .
             P.
             444.
             
          
           
             Dionysius
             
               sets
               upon
            
             Rhegium
             in
             Italy
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             391.
             
          
           
             The
             Grecians
             confederate
             in
             Italy
             against
             Dionysius
             .
          
           
             The
             Lacedaemonians
             beaten
             by
             Iphicrates
             near
             Corinth
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             391
             
          
           
             Corinth
             taken
             by
             the
             Argives
             .
          
           
             *
             Pella
             .
          
           
             *
             Furius
             Camillus
             .
          
           
             P.
             445.
             
          
           
             *
             Cornelius
             Scipio
             .
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             391.
             
             The
             Romans
             take
             Veii
             .
          
           
             **
             One
             of
             the
             Isles
             of
             Lipari
             near
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             *
             Like
             them
             of
             Algier
             .
          
           
             *
             Messana
             in
             Peloponnesus
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             97.
             1.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             390.
             
          
           
             *
             Publius
             Cornelius
             Scipio
             ,
          
           
             *
             
               Cossus
               .
               Thrasybulus
            
             made
             the
             Athenian
             General
             .
             The
             Acts
             of
             Thrasybulus
          
           
             Mago
             invades
             Sicily
             with
             an
             Army
             from
             Africa
             ,
             and
             other
             Parts
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             39●
             .
          
           
             P.
             446.
             
          
           
             Dionysius
             marches
             against
             the
             Carthaginians
             .
          
           
             Agyris
             joint
             with
             Dionysius
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             390.
             
          
           
             Dionysius
             makes
             Peace
             with
             the
             Carthaginians
             .
          
           
             *
             Rather
             Phalerium
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             97.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             389.
             
          
           
             The
             Lacedaemonians
             
               fled
               to
            
             Rhodes
             .
          
           
             Prepare
             a
             Fleet.
             
          
           
             P.
             447.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             389.
             
          
           
             Evagoras
             
               made
               King
               of
            
             Salamis
             .
          
           
             The
             King
             of
             Persia
             prepares
             for
             War
             against
             Evagoras
             .
          
           
             *
             Hercatomnus
             .
          
           
             Olym
             97.
             3.
             
          
           
             *
             Servilius
             Sulpitius
             .
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             388.
             
             Thimbro
             
               sent
               into
            
             Asia
             .
          
           
             *
             About
             5
             Mile
             .
          
           
             P.
             448.
             
          
           
             Thrasybulus
             
               kill'd
               .
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             388.
             
          
           
             Dionysius
             prepares
             to
             Besiege
             Rhegium
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             388.
             
          
           
             Dionysius
             overtaken
             by
             a
             Storm
             .
          
           
             
               Returns
               out
               of
            
             Italy
             to
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             388.
             
          
           
             The
             Thurians
             miserably
             Entrap'd
             by
             the
             Lucanians
             in
             Italy
             .
             P.
             449.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             388
             The
             generosity
             Leptines
             to
             the
             distressed
             
          
           
             *
             Thurians
             .
          
           
             Mina
             about
             3
             l.
             2s
             .
             6
             d.
             
          
           
             *
             Plethra
             ,
             an
             hundred
             Foot
             ,
             or
             an
             Acre
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Volsci
             ,
             whose
             Chief
             City
             was
             
               Velitta
               ..
               Olymp
            
             97.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             387.
             
             Dionysius
             passes
             again
             into
             Italy
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             Caulum
             in
             Locris
             .
             P.
             450.
             
             Heloris
             
               made
               General
               for
               the
            
             Italians
             against
             Dionysius
             .
          
           
             Caulonia
             
               besieg'd
               by
            
             Dionysius
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             387.
             
             A
             Fight
             between
             Heloris
             and
             Dionysius
             near
             Caulonia
             .
          
           
             *
             Furlongs
             Five
             Miles
             .
          
           
             Dionysius
             
               routs
               the
            
             Italians
             .
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             387.
             
          
           
             Dionysius
             deals
             nobly
             with
             the
             distressed
             Italians
             .
          
           
             He
             marches
             to
             Rhegium
             .
          
           
             P.
             451.
             
          
           
             Caulonia
             raz'd
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             98.
             1.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             396.
             
          
           
             *
             Lucius
             Furius
             .
          
           
             *
             
               A
               City
               of
               the
            
             Brutians
             in
             Italy
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             386.
             
          
           
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             386.
             
             Dionysius
             assaults
             Rhegium
             .
          
           
             P.
             452.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Scrotum
             .
          
           
             Sends
             Chariots
             and
             Gifts
             to
             the
             Olympick
             Games
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             396.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             98.
             2.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             385.
             
          
           
             *
             Quintus
             Sulpicius
             .
          
           
             *
             Servius
             Cornelius
             .
             
               The
               Peace
               of
            
             Antalcidas
             .
          
           
             P.
             453.
             
          
           
             *
             15
             l.
             12
             s.
             6
             d.
             The
             miserable
             condition
             of
             Rhegium
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             385.
             
          
           
             Rhegium
             surrendred
             .
          
           
             The
             cruel
             usage
             of
             Phito
             the
             Governor
             of
             Rhegium
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             385.
             
          
           
             The
             Galls
             enter
             Italy
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             Province
             in
             Italy
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             385.
             
             P.
             454.
             
          
           
             *
             Hetruria
             .
             rather
             .
          
           
             Hetruria
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             385.
             
          
           
             *
             Allia
             ,
             Ten
             Miles
             from
             Rome
             .
          
           
             The
             Romans
             routed
             by
             the
             Gauls
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             385.
             
          
           
             P.
             55.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             385.
             
          
           
             Rome
             taken
             .
          
           
             The
             Capitol
             besieg'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             385.
             
          
           
             P
             456.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             385.
             
          
           
             *
             25
             mile
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             385.
             
          
           
             *
             Sutrium
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             385.
             
          
           
             P.
             457.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e256190
           
             P.
             458.
             
             PREFACE
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             98.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             384.
             
             P.
             459.
             
             Artaxerxes
             his
             Expedition
             into
             Cyprus
             against
             Evagoras
             .
          
           
             Evagoras
             assisted
             by
             the
             King
             of
             Aegypt
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             384.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             for
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             384.
             
          
           
             Evagoras
             routed
             at
             Sea.
             
          
           
             P.
             460.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             384.
             
          
           
             Evagoras
             
               goes
               to
            
             Aegypt
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             384.
             
          
           
             The
             Lacedaemonians
             begin
             to
             make
             War
             upon
             the
             Mantineans
             .
          
           
             P.
             461.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             384.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Dionysius
             sells
             Plato
             .
          
           
             *
             15l
             .
             12s
             .
             6d
             .
          
           
             
             Dionysius's
             Verses
             despis'd
             .
          
           
             He
             grows
             Melancholy
             .
          
           
             P.
             462.
             
          
           
             *
             Titus
             .
             Evagoras
             
               returns
               to
            
             Cyprus
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             98.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             338.
             
          
           
             Terabazus
             
               accus'd
               by
            
             Orontes
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Terabazus
             seiz'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             383.
             
          
           
             Peace
             made
             with
             Evagoras
             .
          
           
             Gaius
             revolts
             from
             the
             King
             of
             Persia
             .
          
           
             P.
             463.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             383.
             
          
           
             A
             People
             〈…〉
             g
             between
             the
             Euxine
             and
             Caspian
             Seas
             .
             Judges
             flead
             alive
             .
             Terabazus
             brought
             to
             his
             Trial.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             383.
             
          
           
             Terabazus
             kill'd
             two
             Lions
             to
             save
             the
             King.
             
          
           
             Terabazus
             acquitted
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             383.
             
          
           
             P.
             464.
             
          
           
             Mantinea
             taken
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             383.
             
             Dionysius
             designs
             upon
             Aepyius
             .
          
           
             *
             Molussus
             
               a
               part
               of
            
             Epirus
             .
          
           
             A
             great
             slaughter
             of
             the
             Molossians
             .
          
           
             *
             Paros
             ,
             
               an
               Island
               of
               the
            
             Egean
             
               Sea
               near
            
             Delos
             .
             Lyssus
             
               built
               by
            
             Dionysius
             in
             Pharos
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             rather
             Anapis
             in
             
               Sicily
               .
               Olymp.
            
             96.
             1.
             
             A.
             M.
             3588.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             382.
             
             P.
             465.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             381.
             
             P.
             465.
             
          
           
             *
             Tyrthenia
             by
             the
             Greek
             ,
             but
             mistaken
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Dionysius
             rifles
             a
             Temple
             at
             Agylla
             in
             Hetruria
             to
             get
             Money
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             99.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             381.
             
          
           
             *
             Caius
             
          
           
             Another
             War
             with
             the
             Carthaginians
             by
             Dionysius
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             381.
             
          
           
             Dionysius
             
               routs
               the
            
             Carthaginians
             at
             Cabala
             in
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             P.
             466.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             381.
             
          
           
             Another
             Battle
             at
             Cronion
             ,
             where
             Dionysius
             was
             beaten
             .
          
           
             Ant
             Ch.
             301.
             
          
           
             Peace
             concluded
             by
             the
             Carthaginians
             with
             Dionysius
             .
          
           
             Gaius
             Murther'd
             .
             P.
             467.
             
             Tachos
             Rebels
             against
             the
             King
             of
             Persia
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             381.
             
          
           
             Contention
             between
             them
             of
             Cuma
             and
             them
             of
             Clazomenia
             about
             Leuca
             .
          
           
             Amyntas
             
               quarrels
               with
               the
            
             Olynthians
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             99.
             3.
             
             An.
             M.
             3590.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             380.
             
          
           
             *
             Servius
             Cornelius
             .
             
               The
               Citadel
            
             Cadmea
             
               seis'd
               by
               the
            
             Lacedemonians
             .
             P.
             468.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             380.
             
          
           
             The
             Olynthians
             
               beat
               the
            
             Lacedemonians
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             99.
             4.
             
             Ant
             Ch.
             379.
             
          
           
             *
             Valerius
             .
          
           
             *
             Lucius
             .
          
           
             †
             Aulus
             Manlius
             .
          
           
             †
             Posthumius
             .
             War
             with
             the
             Olynthians
             by
             the
             Lacedemonians
             .
          
           
             P.
             469.
             
             Olymp.
             100.
             1.
             
             An.
             M.
             3592.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             378.
             
          
           
             *
             Lucius
             .
          
           
             Polybidas
             
               subdues
               the
            
             Olynthians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             378.
             
          
           
             Sparta
             in
             its
             strength
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             100.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             377.
             
          
           
             *
             Menenius
             .
          
           
             A
             Plague
             in
             Carthage
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             377.
             
          
           
             The
             Carthaginians
             kill
             one
             another
             in
             the
             Streets
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             100.
             3.
             
             An.
             M.
             3594.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             376.
             
             The
             Boetian
             War.
             
          
           
             P.
             470.
             
             The
             Thebans
             get
             in
             a
             Body
             to
             retake
             the
             Citadel
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             376.
             
          
           
             The
             Athenians
             
               assist
               the
            
             Thebans
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             376.
             
          
           
             The
             Citadel
             is
             surrender'd
             .
          
           
             P.
             471.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             100
             ;
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             375.
             
          
           
             *
             Publiu
             .
          
           
             †
             Cornelius
             .
          
           
             *
             Ti●o
             .
          
           
             †
             Luc.
             Quinctius
             .
          
           
             A
             general
             Ass●mbly
             of
             the
             Cities
             at
             Athens
             against
             Sparta
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             375.
             
          
           
             Acoris
             King
             of
             Egypt
             raises
             an
             Army
             against
             the
             Persians
             .
          
           
             Chabrias
             sent
             out
             of
             Egyyt
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             375.
             
             P.
             475.
             
             Iphicrates
             sent
             to
             the
             Persians
             .
          
           
             Sphodriades
             attempts
             to
             surprize
             the
             Pireum
             at
             Athens
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             375.
             
             Neogenes
             makes
             himself
             King
             of
             Eubea
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             Eubea
             ,
             now
             Negtopont
             .
          
           
             P.
             473.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             375.
             
             The
             Lacedaemonians
             prepare
             for
             War.
             
          
           
             Agesilaus
             the
             Lacedaemonian
             General
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             375.
             
          
           
             *
             These
             were
             commonly
             600.
             
          
           
             Agesilaus
             enters
             Boeotia
             .
          
           
             P.
             474.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             375.
             
             Agesilaus
             dares
             the
             Thebans
             to
             fight
             in
             the
             open
             Field
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             374.
             
          
           
             Chabrias
             highly
             honour'd
             by
             the
             Thebans
             .
          
           
             Phebidas
             Kill'd
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             374.
             
          
           
             A
             Fight
             near
             Thebes
             .
             P.
             475.
             
             The
             Lacedaemonians
             are
             repuls'd
             .
             A
             Sea-Fight
             .
          
           
             The
             Sea-Fight
             at
             Naxus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             374.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             101.
             1.
             
             Act.
             Ch.
             373.
             
          
           
             *
             Marcus
             Cornelius
             ,
          
           
             *
             Titus
             Quintius
             .
             P.
             476.
             
             Treballians
             
               make
               an
               Inroad
               into
            
             .
             Thrace
             .
             
               Are
               slaughter'd
               by
               the
            
             Abderites
             .
          
           
             The
             Abderites
             
               cut
               off
               .
               The
            
             Abderites
             
               rescu'd
               by
            
             Chabrias
             
          
           
             Chabrias
             assassinated
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             373.
             
          
           
             The
             Acts
             of
             Timotheus
             the
             Athenian
             General
             .
          
           
             The
             Thebans
             march
             against
             Orchomena
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             101.
             2.
             
             An.
             M.
             3597.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             372.
             
          
           
             *
             Lucius
             Valerius
             Crispus
             ,
          
           
             *
             Aulus
             Manlius
             ,
          
           
             *
             Servius
             Sulpirius
             ,
          
           
             *
             
               Lucius
               Lucretius
            
             .
             A
             General
             Peace
             made
             by
             the
             Mediation
             of
             Artaxerxes
             .
             P.
             477.
             
             The
             Thebans
             disagree
             to
             the
             Peace
             .
          
           
             The
             Thebans
             left
             out
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             372.
             
          
           
             Epaminondas
             his
             Commendation
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             372.
             
          
           
             New
             Troubles
             in
             Greece
             .
          
           
             Throats
             cut
             in
             the
             Theatre
             at
             Phialea
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             372.
             
             The
             Exiles
             kill'd
             at
             Corinth
             P.
             478.
             
          
           
             Plots
             at
             Megara
             and
             Sicyon
             .
          
           
             The
             Exiles
             of
             Phalasia
             kill
             many
             of
             the
             Townsmen
             .
          
           
             *
             Servilius
             ,
          
           
             Olymp.
             101
             :
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             371.
             
          
           
             *
             Lucius
             Aemilius
             .
             Pharnabazus
             and
             Iphicrates
             
               march
               int●
            
             Aegypt
             .
          
           
             *
             Acco
             ,
             or
             Ptolemais
             in
             Phaenicis
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             371.
             
          
           
             A
             Description
             of
             the
             Forts
             built
             upon
             Nile
             to
             secure
             the
             Passes
             into
             Aegypt
             .
          
           
             P.
             479.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             371.
             
          
           
             *
             Mendesicum
             .
          
           
             The
             Aegyptians
             worsted
             at
             Mendusium
             .
          
           
             Quarrels
             between
             Pharnabazus
             and
             Iphicrates
             .
          
           
             Iphicrates
             undertakes
             to
             take
             Memphis
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             371.
             
             Is
             discouraged
             by
             Pharnabazus
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             371.
             
             Memphis
             strongly
             Garison'd
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Little
             Town
             .
          
           
             *
             Etesian
             Winds
             ,
             
               i.
               e.
            
             Yearly
             Winds
             .
             The
             Persians
             return
             into
             Asia
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             371.
             
          
           
             Iphicrates
             skilful
             in
             making
             of
             Arms.
             P.
             480.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             371.
             
          
           
             Seditions
             in
             the
             Cities
             of
             Greece
             .
          
           
             *
             Now
             
               Zant.
               Zazynthus
            
             drives
             out
             all
             the
             Magistrates
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             371.
             
             The
             Lacedemonians
             assist
             the
             Zazynthirns
             .
          
           
             A
             Plot
             in
             Corcyra
             to
             overturn
             the
             Democracy
             .
          
           
             P.
             481.
             
             The
             Athenians
             side
             with
             the
             Zazynthians
             and
             
               Corcyreans
               Platea
            
             sends
             for
             an
             Athenian
             Garrison
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             371.
             
          
           
             *
             Boeotarchae
             Platea
             
               raz'd
               by
               the
            
             Boetians
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Mnasippus
             sent
             to
             Corcyra
             by
             the
             Lacedemonians
             .
             The
             City
             Cor-Tyra
             in
             the
             Island
             Corcycyra
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             371.
             
             Timotheus
             sent
             by
             the
             Athenians
             to
             Corcyra
             came
             too
             late
             .
          
           
             ●●motheus
             disearded
             .
          
           
             Restor'd
             .
          
           
             Cresides
             
               c●mes
               to
               the
               City
            
             Corcyra
             from
             Athens
             .
          
           
             Mnasippus
             kill'd
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             371.
             
             P.
             482.
             
          
           
             *
             Cissides
             .
          
           
             Evagoras
             
               Murther'd
               in
            
             Cyprus
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             101.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             370.
             
             Earthquakes
             in
             Pe●oponnesus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             370.
             
          
           
             Helica
             and
             Bura
             swallow'd
             up
             .
          
           
             *
             
               Pan
               Ionian
            
             A
             general
             Festival
             of
             the
             Ionians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             370.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             370.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             City
             in
             A●cadia
             .
          
           
             *
             Erasinus
             River
             .
          
           
             *
             Stymphalus
             ;
             in
             Arcadia
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             102.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             369.
             
          
           
             *
             25
             Mile
             .
          
           
             *
             Lucius
             Publius
             Valerius
             .
          
           
             *
             Marcus
             Fabius
             .
             
               A
               Coinet
               in
            
             Peloponnesus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             369.
             
          
           
             Peace
             made
             again
             by
             the
             Mediation
             of
             Artaxerxes
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             369.
             
             The
             Lacedemonians
             decree
             War
             against
             the
             Thebans
             .
             P.
             484.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             102.
             2.
             
          
           
             *
             Lucius
             Julius
             ▪
             
          
           
             *
             Marcus
             Albinius
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             368.
             
          
           
             Cleombrotus
             General
             for
             the
             Spartans
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             without
             dust
             .
          
           
             Epaminondas
             General
             of
             the
             Thebans
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             368.
             
          
           
             In
             Homer
             .
          
           
             P.
             485.
             
          
           
             *
             Or
             Lance.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             368.
             
          
           
             The
             Six
             Governours
             of
             Beotia
             ,
             who
             were
             
             Epaminondas's
             Council
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             368.
             
          
           
             This
             Trophonius
             was
             said
             ,
             to
             be
             the
             Son
             of
             Apollo
             ,
             and
             had
             a
             Temple
             at
             Lebadie
             in
             Beotia
             ,
             dedicated
             to
             him
             ;
             where
             was
             a
             Cave
             ,
             of
             which
             strange
             things
             are
             related
             ;
             see
             Steph.
             and
             others
             .
             Pausan
             lib.
             9.
             c.
             39.
             a
             large
             description
             ,
             and
             by
             his
             own
             experience
             ,
             as
             he
             says
             .
             P.
             486.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             368.
             
          
           
             *
             〈◊〉
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             The
             Battle
             at
             Leuctra
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             368.
             
          
           
             P.
             487.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             368.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             102.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             367.
             
          
           
             *
             In
             Thessaly
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             Thessaly
             
          
           
             *
             near
             Phocis
             and
             Parnassus
             .
          
           
             *
             Near
             Mount
             Oeta
             and
             Thermopile
             in
             Phthiotis
             .
          
           
             In
             Thessaly
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             367.
             
             Cruel
             Seditions
             in
             Argos
             .
          
           
             *
             Knocking
             on
             the
             Head
             with
             Clubs
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             P.
             488.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             368.
             
          
           
             *
             In
             Arcadia
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             367
             Jason
             puts
             on
             the
             Thessalians
             to
             seck
             for
             the
             Sovereignty
             of
             Greece
             .
          
           
             Three
             great
             Princes
             Die
             in
             one
             Year
             .
          
           
             
             Jason
             ●ssassinated
             by
             his
             Brother
             Polydore
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             102.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch
             367.
             
             P.
             489.
             
          
           
             *
             
               Veturius
               .
               Polydore
            
             poyson'd
             by
             his
             Brother
             Alexander
             .
          
           
             The
             Tyrant
             endeavour'd
             to
             be
             depos'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             367.
             
          
           
             He
             's
             caus'd
             to
             Fly
             by
             assistance
             from
             the
             Macedonian
             King.
             
          
           
             The
             Mantenieans
             March
             against
             Orchomenon
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             367.
             
          
           
             An
             Invasion
             into
             Peloponesus
             P.
             490.
             
             Epaminonda●
             and
             Pelopidas
             .
          
           
             The
             Lacedemonians
             seek
             for
             Aid
             of
             the
             Athenians
             .
          
           
             Iphicrates
             sent
             to
             assist
             the
             Spartans
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             367.
             
          
           
             *
             Rather
             Hellasia
             .
          
           
             The
             brave
             act
             of
             Ischolas
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             361.
             
          
           
             P.
             491.
             
          
           
             The
             Thebans
             attacks
             by
             the
             Spartans
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             367.
             
          
           
             Epaminondas
             besieges
             Sparta
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             367.
             
          
           
             Messina
             Rebuilt
             by
             Epaminondas
             .
          
           
             *
             Above
             280
             Years
             .
             Sir.
             
               Walter
               Rawleighs
            
             History
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             lib.
             2.
             1.
             part
             .
             c.
             27.
             fol.
             359.
             
          
           
             An
             account
             of
             the
             several
             States
             of
             Messina
             .
          
           
             *
             Cresphontes
             .
          
           
             P.
             492.
             
             The
             first
             Messinian
             War.
             Olymp.
             9.
             
             This
             War
             began
             Olymp.
             9.
             2.
             in
             the
             Reign
             of
             Manasses
             .
             Ended
             14
             Olymp.
             1.
             
             Sir.
             Walter
             Rawleigh's
             Hist
             .
             World.
             356.
             lib.
             2.
             c.
             27.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             second
             Messinian
             War
             ,
             39
             Years
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             367.
             
          
           
             Pallene
             ,
             taken
             by
             Sterm
             by
             the
             Arcadians
             .
          
           
             Pelopidas
             
               sent
               into
            
             Thessaly
             .
          
           
             Several
             Countrys
             Confederate
             against
             Sparta
             .
             P.
             493.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             367.
             
          
           
             The
             narrow
             Pass
             of
             Peloponnesus
             ,
             between
             two
             Seas
             ,
             Lechaeum
             lying
             on
             the
             West
             and
             Cenchrea
             ,
             on
             the
             East
             .
          
           
             Epaminondas
             breaks
             again
             into
             Peloponnesus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             367.
             
          
           
             *
             Phe●
             in
             Elis.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             102.
             4.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             366.
             
          
           
             Aids
             arriv'd
             at
             Corinth
             from
             Dionysius
             .
          
           
             P.
             494.
             
             Artaxerxes
             sends
             again
             to
             compose
             Matters
             in
             Greece
             ,
             but
             in
             vain
             .
          
           
             Euphron
             gains
             the
             Sovereignty
             of
             Sycion
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             103.
             1.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             366.
             
          
           
             Pelopidas
             and
             Ismenias
             
               unexpectedly
               secur'd
               by
            
             Alexander
             of
             Pherea
             .
          
           
             The
             Boeotians
             brought
             into
             a
             great
             strait
             in
             Thessaly
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch
             366.
             
             Brought
             off
             by
             Epaminondas
             .
          
           
             P.
             495.
             
          
           
             *
             Beotarchs
             .
          
           
             Fight
             between
             the
             Arcadians
             and
             
               Lacedemonians
               .
               Note
            
             .
             Not
             one
             Man
             lost
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             366.
             
             Dionysius
             invades
             the
             Carthaginian
             Territory
             in
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Dionysius's
             Fleet
             surpriz'd
             in
             the
             Harbour
             .
          
           
             Dionysius
             dies
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             396.
             
             An
             Account
             of
             Dionysius
             and
             the
             manner
             of
             his
             Death
             .
             P.
             496.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             103.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             365.
             
             The
             cruelty
             of
             Alexander
             of
             Pherea
             .
          
           
             *
             Dymon
             or
             Dyme
             ,
             
               a
               City
               of
            
             Achaia
             .
          
           
             *
             
               A
               City
               of
            
             Achaia
             in
             Locris
             ,
             
               now
               call'd
            
             Lepantum
             .
          
           
             *
             Calydon
             in
             Atolia
             about
             7
             Miles
             from
             the
             Sea.
             Olymp.
             103.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             364.
             
          
           
             *
             Coos
             a
             City
             so
             call'd
             in
             the
             Island
             Coos
             ,
             in
             the
             Aegean
             Sea.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             364.
             
          
           
             P.
             497.
             
             An
             end
             of
             the
             Laconick
             and
             Boeotick
             War.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             103.
             4.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             363.
             
          
           
             *
             Servilius
             .
             
               New
               troubles
               in
            
             Greece
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             part
             of
             the
             Country
             of
             Elis
          
           
             A
             Battle
             near
             Lassion
             ,
             between
             the
             Eleans
             and
             Arcadians
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             104.
             1.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             362.
             
          
           
             *
             Of
             Pisa
             ,
             in
             the
             Reign
             of
             Elis.
             Quarrels
             between
             the
             Pisate
             and
             the
             Eleans
             about
             the
             Olympick
             Games
             .
          
           
             *
             Of
             the
             City
             Elis.
             P.
             498.
             
          
           
             Epaminondas
             stirs
             up
             the
             Thebans
             to
             gain
             the
             Dominion
             at
             Sea.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch
             362.
             
          
           
             The
             Thebans
             
               design
               to
               B
               siege
            
             Orchomenon
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             36●
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             demy-gods
             .
          
           
             Orchomenon
             taken
             and
             raz'd
             .
          
           
             Pelopidas
             
               sent
               by
               the
            
             Thebans
             against
             Alexander
             of
             Pherea
             .
             P.
             499.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             362.
             
          
           
             Alexander
             beaten
             ,
             makes
             Peace
             ,
             and
             restores
             the
             Cities
             .
          
           
             The
             brave
             Acts
             of
             Pelopidas
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             364.
             
          
           
             P.
             500.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             104.
             2.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             361.
             
          
           
             
               War
               between
               the
            
             Tegeans
             and
             Mantineans
             .
          
           
             The
             Thebans
             
               join
               with
               the
            
             Tegeans
             under
             Epaminondas
             .
          
           
             Lacedemonians
             
               join
               with
               the
            
             Mantineans
             .
          
           
             The
             design
             of
             Epaminondas
             to
             surprize
             Sparta
             ,
             prevented
             .
          
           
             P.
             501.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             361.
             
             Epaminondas
             Assaults
             Sparta
             .
          
           
             Draws
             off
             .
          
           
             The
             taking
             of
             Mantinea
             prevented
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             361.
             
          
           
             The
             Battle
             at
             Mantinea
             .
          
           
             P.
             502.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Mantinean
             Army
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             361.
             
          
           
             P.
             503.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             361.
             
          
           
             *
             By
             one
             Anticiates
             a
             
               Spartan
               .
               Justin
               .
               Epaminondas
            
             falls
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             361.
             
          
           
             Epaminondas
             dies
             of
             his
             〈…〉
             und
             .
          
           
             The
             Commendation
             of
             Epaminondas
             .
          
           
             P.
             504.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             361.
             
          
           
             Peace
             made
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             361.
             
          
           
             Xenophon
             '
             
               s
               History
               ends
            
             .
             Anaximenes
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             1●4
             .
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             360.
             
          
           
             Tachos
             the
             Aegyptian
             King
             declares
             War
             against
             the
             Persians
             .
          
           
             The
             Persian
             Lord
             Licutenants
             Conspire
             against
             Artaxerxes
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             360.
             
             P.
             505.
             
          
           
             Orontes
             betrays
             all
             the
             Confederates
             .
          
           
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
               360
               The
               treachery
               of
            
             Mithrobarzanes
             against
             Datamis
             ,
             in
             Cappadocia
             .
          
           
             The
             strait
             he
             was
             brought
             into
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             360
             
          
           
             P.
             506.
             
             Tacho's
             
               Forces
               in
            
             Aegypt
             .
             Agesilaus
             
               sent
               to
               Aid
               the
               King
               of
            
             Aegypt
             .
             Chabrias
             ,
             Tacho's
             Admiral
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             rather
             his
             Brother
             or
             Sisters
             Son.
             Ant.
             Ch.
             360.
             
             Tacho
             submits
             to
             the
             King
             of
             Persia
             .
             The
             death
             of
             
               Artaxerxes
               Mnemon
            
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             360.
             
          
           
             Nectanabus
             .
             the
             King
             of
             Aegypts
             Son
             ,
             Rebels
             .
          
           
             Tacho
             ,
             
               returns
               to
            
             Agesilaus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             360.
             
             Tacho
             and
             Agesilaus
             besieg'd
             .
          
           
             Agesilaus
             
               routs
               the
            
             Aegyptians
             P.
             570.
             
             Tacho
             restor'd
             .
             Agesilaus's
             death
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             360.
             
             New
             troubles
             in
             Peloponnesus
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             1●4
             .
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             359.
             
          
           
             *
             
               A
               Port
               of
            
             Achaia
             .
             Alexander
             of
             Pherea
             
               routs
               the
            
             Athenian
             
               Fleet
               at
            
             Panormus
             .
             Leosthenes
             ,
             
               Condemn'd
               to
               Death
               by
               the
            
             Athenians
             .
          
           
             *
             One
             of
             the
             Cyclade
             Islands
             now
             Lemene
             ,
             call'd
             Peparethos
             .
          
           
             P.
             508.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             359.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e288280
           
             PREFACE
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Phocians
             .
          
           
             The
             Court
             of
             the
             Amphictyons
             was
             the
             great
             Court
             of
             Greece
             which
             sate
             at
             Delphos
             in
             Phocis
             ,
             like
             to
             the
             States-General
             at
             the
             
               Hague
               .
               Vid.
               Paus
               .
               Lib.
               10.
               
               Cap.
               8.
               
               The
            
             Phocians
             
               had
               two
               Votes
               in
               that
               Assembly
               .
            
          
           
             Olymp.
             105.
             
             An.
             M.
             3612.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             358.
             
          
           
             *
             Polymnis
             
               was
               the
               Father
               of
            
             Epaminondas
             :
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             In
             a
             Critical
             Conjuncture
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             358.
             
          
           
             *
             Son
             of
             Ae●opus
             ,
             who
             formerly
             had
             Usurp'd
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Macedon
             .
          
           
             *
             Argaeus
             ,
             another
             Son
             of
             Aeropus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             358.
             
          
           
             *
             Amphipolis
             .
          
           
             *
             Methone
             in
             Macedonia
             .
          
           
             †
             Aegae
             in
             Macedonia
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             105.
             2.
             
             An.
             M.
             3613.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             357.
             
          
           
             *
             Illyrium
             ,
             now
             Dalmatia
             ;
             and
             the
             Inhabitants
             Dalmatians
             ,
             or
             Sclavonians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             357
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             like
             a
             Til●
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             357
             
          
           
             *
             Lucanians
             in
             Italy
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             105.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             356.
             
          
           
             *
             Now
             Zant.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             356.
             
          
           
             The
             Social
             War.
             
          
           
             *
             Chius
             ,
             of
             the
             same
             Name
             with
             the
             Island
             .
          
           
             †
             Cana
             
               in
               Lesser
            
             Asia
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             356.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             356.
             
          
           
             *
             Pydna
             in
             Macedonia
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             356.
             
          
           
             †
             Crenidas
             in
             Macedonia
             ,
             call'd
             Philippi
             ,
             now
             Philippo
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             105.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             355.
             
             An.
             M.
             3615.
             
          
           
             *
             Long
             Ships
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             355.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Coasts
             of
             the
             Adriatick
             Sea.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             355.
             
          
           
             *
             One
             of
             the
             Four
             Parts
             of
             Syracuse
             ;
             the
             other
             are
             the
             Island
             ;
             th●n
             Tyche
             and
             Neapolis
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             355.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             Castle
             in
             a
             Place
             call'd
             the
             Part
             of
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             *
             Within
             a
             Stage
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             355.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             355.
             
          
           
             Alexander
             of
             Phaerea
             murder'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             355
             
          
           
             Demophilus
             ,
             Calisthenes
             ,
             Dyillus
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             106.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             354.
             
             An.
             M.
             3594.
             
             
             Isackson's
             Com.
             
          
           
             The
             first
             Rise
             of
             the
             Brutii
             in
             Italy
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             rather
             Brettians
             ;
             for
             they
             were
             call'd
             Brutii
             by
             the
             Romans
             as
             a
             Brutish
             People
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Long
             Ships
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             354.
             
          
           
             A
             Fight
             at
             Sea
             between
             
             Dion's
             Admiral
             and
             Dionysius
             his
             Admiral
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             354.
             
          
           
             A
             Faction
             in
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             Dion
             leaves
             the
             Syracusians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             354
             ▪
             
          
           
             *
             A
             Fountain
             call'd
             Arethusa
             near
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             354.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Lifted
             up
             like
             Metors
             in
             the
             Air.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Syracuse
             taken
             by
             Dionysius
             his
             Soldiers
             in
             the
             Castle
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             354.
             
          
           
             The
             sad
             Condition
             of
             the
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             The
             Six
             Gates
             so
             call'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             354.
             
          
           
             Syracuse
             reliev'd
             by
             Dion
             .
          
           
             *
             Dion
             made
             Chief
             Magistrate
             over
             the
             Syracusians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             354.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             354.
             
          
           
             The
             End
             of
             the
             Social
             War.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             106.
             2.
             
             An.
             M.
             3595.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             353.
             
             The
             Sacred
             War.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Priests
             and
             Officers
             of
             the
             Temple
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             353.
             
          
           
             *
             Those
             that
             carry'd
             short
             Shields
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             353.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             353.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             To
             give
             an
             Oracle
             .
          
           
             How
             the
             Place
             of
             the
             Oracle
             at
             Delphos
             was
             first
             discover'd
             ;
             and
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
             Tripode
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             353.
             
          
           
             Three
             Bases
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Sister
             of
             Apollo
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             353.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             353.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             106.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             352.
             
             An.
             M.
             3596.
             
          
           
             The
             Battel
             at
             the
             Rocks
             of
             Phaedra
             .
             See
             the
             Story
             in
             
               Ovid.
               Epist
               .
               Phaedra
            
             to
             Hippolytus
             .
          
           
             The
             Parties
             in
             the
             Phocian
             War.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             352.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Gifts
             Consecrated
             .
          
           
             A
             Battel
             between
             the
             Locrians
             and
             Phocians
             ,
             with
             Horse
             only
             .
          
           
             The
             Phocians
             darted
             to
             Death
             by
             the
             
               B
               〈…〉
               tians
            
             .
          
           
             The
             like
             done
             by
             the
             Phocians
             to
             the
             Baeotians
             .
          
           
             The
             Death
             of
             Philomelus
             .
          
           
             Philip
             raises
             Methone
             .
          
           
             Dion
             slain
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             352.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             106.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             351.
             
             An.
             M.
             3597.
             
          
           
             Onomarchus
             made
             General
             of
             the
             Phocians
             .
             Vid.
             Justin
             .
             Lib.
             8.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             351.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Been
             made
             anew
             .
          
           
             Onomarchus
             his
             Dream
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             351.
             
          
           
             The
             Boeotians
             help
             Artabazus
             ,
             and
             beat
             the
             King
             of
             
             Persia's
             Forces
             .
          
           
             War
             between
             the
             Argives
             and
             
               Lacedemonians
               .
               Chares
            
             takes
             Sestos
             ,
             and
             puts
             many
             to
             the
             Sword.
             Ant.
             Ch.
             351.
             
          
           
             *
             In
             Thrace
             .
             Methon
             in
             Thrace
             
               raz'd
               by
            
             Philip.
             
          
           
             Lycophron
             Tyrant
             of
             Pheroea
             .
          
           
             Onomarchus
             routs
             Philip
             in
             two
             Battels
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             351.
             
          
           
             Philip
             routs
             Onomarchus
             .
          
           
             *
             Crucified
             ,
             p.
             75.
             
          
           
             The
             Death
             of
             Onomarchus
             .
          
           
             Mausolus
             dies
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             reigned
             Four
             and
             twenty
             Years
             .
             Clearchus
             assassinated
             .
          
           
             Olym.
             107.
             1.
             
             Phayllus
             ,
             General
             of
             the
             Phocians
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             350.
             
          
           
             Aryca
             raz'd
             by
             Phayllus
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             Consumption
             .
             Some
             say
             ,
             he
             was
             burnt
             in
             the
             Temple
             at
             
               Abas
               .
               Phayllus
            
             died
             .
          
           
             War
             between
             the
             Lacedemonians
             and
             the
             Megalopolitans
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             350.
             
          
           
             Cha●oraea
             
               taken
               by
            
             Phalaecus
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             107.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             349.
             
             An.
             M.
             3598.
             
          
           
             
               The
               War
               of
            
             Artaxerxes
             Ochus
             
               with
               the
            
             Aegyptians
             and
             Phenicians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             349.
             
          
           
             *
             Aradii
             ,
             
               a
               People
               of
            
             Phaenicia
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             349.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             The
             King's
             Paradise
             ,
             Garden
             ,
             or
             Orchard
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             349.
             
          
           
             *
             Or
             Garieus
             .
          
           
             Salamina
             in
             Cyprus
             
               besieg'd
               ,
               or
            
             Salamis
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             349.
             
          
           
             *
             His
             Hand
             to
             ki●●
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             349.
             
          
           
             *
             Here
             Mentor
             is
             put
             for
             Tennes
             in
             the
             Greek
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             349.
             
          
           
             Tennes
             the
             Betrayer
             of
             Sidon
             put
             to
             death
             by
             the
             King
             ,
             who
             made
             use
             of
             his
             Treason
             .
             Sidon
             taken
             :
             It
             s
             miserable
             Condition
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Prophecy
             of
             Ezek.
             28.
             21.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             349.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             Olymp.
             107.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             348.
             
             An.
             M.
             3598.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             348.
             
          
           
             Evagoras
             beheaded
             .
          
           
             Artaxerxes
             
               marches
               against
            
             Aegypt
             .
          
           
             *
             Sorbon
             
               is
               the
               Lake
               of
            
             Sorbon
             .
          
           
             The
             Persian
             Army
             divided
             into
             three
             Brigades
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             348.
             
          
           
             Nectabanus
             ,
             
               King
               of
            
             Persia
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             348.
             
          
           
             A
             Fight
             between
             the
             Aegyptians
             and
             the
             Graecians
             ,
             on
             the
             Persians
             side
             .
             Cleinus
             kill'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             348.
             
          
           
             Pelusium
             surrender'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             348.
             
          
           
             Mentor
             gains
             Bubastus
             and
             other
             Towns
             by
             Policy
             .
          
           
             *
             Gates
             of
             the
             Camp.
             
          
           
             Bagoas
             taken
             Prisoner
             at
             Bubastus
             ,
             and
             all
             his
             Men
             cut
             of
             who
             en●red
             the
             City
             .
          
           
             Bagoas
             relea●'d
             by
             Mentor's
             mea●s
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             348.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             107.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             347.
             
             Mentor
             advanc'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             347.
             
          
           
             *
             Atarne
             in
             Mysia
             
               over
               against
            
             Lesbos
             .
          
           
             Mentors
             stratagem
             to
             subdue
             Hennias
             .
          
           
             In
             Thrace
             .
             Zeira
             
               raz'd
               by
            
             Philip.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             108.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             346.
             
             An.
             M.
             3600.
             
          
           
             Philip
             takes
             Olynthus
             ,
             and
             other
             Cities
             in
             the
             Hellespont
          
           
             The
             Athenians
             jealous
             of
             Philip
             .
          
           
             Demosthenes
             
               incites
               the
            
             Athenians
             against
             Philip.
             
          
           
             Philip
             corrupts
             the
             Cities
             by
             Bribes
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             108.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             345.
             2.
             
             An.
             M.
             3601.
             
             Battelt
             between
             the
             Boeotians
             and
             Phocians
             .
          
           
             Phalecus
             depriv'd
             ,
             and
             others
             chosen
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             345.
             
          
           
             Gaods
             taken
             out
             of
             the
             Temple
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             345.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             †
             Dionysius
             .
          
           
             The
             Letter
             of
             Dionysius
             to
             the
             Athenians
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             345.
             
          
           
             The
             Temple
             of
             Apollo
             burnt
             near
             Abas
             .
          
           
             Olym.
             108.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             344.
             
             An.
             M.
             3602.
             
             The
             end
             of
             the
             Phocian
             War.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             344.
             
          
           
             Philip
             decreed
             to
             have
             a
             double
             Voice
             among
             the
             Amphictyons
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             344.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             A
             Strait
             of
             War.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             Consumption
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             344.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             Hemiolas
             ,
             of
             two
             Oars
             upon
             a
             Bank.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             344.
             
          
           
             *
             Or
             Cnosus
             ,
             
               a
               City
               in
            
             Crete
             .
             Lyctus
             ,
             
               another
               City
               in
            
             Crete
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             City
             in
             Crete
             .
          
           
             Phalecus
             burnt
             to
             death
             by
             a
             Thunder-bolt
             .
          
           
             Timoleon
             
               sent
               to
            
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             344
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             108.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             343.
             
             An.
             M.
             3603.
             
          
           
             Timoleon
             
               looses
               from
            
             Corinth
             towards
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             343.
             
          
           
             *
             
               Or
               called
            
             Ceres
             and
             Proserpina
             .
          
           
             The
             Carthaginians
             prepare
             for
             War
             in
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             *
             
               The
               Army
               of
            
             Carthaginians
             in
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Entella
             besieged
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             343.
             
          
           
             Dionysius
             and
             Hicetas
             .
          
           
             Hicetas
             takes
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             343.
             
          
           
             Timoleon
             escapes
             from
             Rhegium
             by
             a
             Wile
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             109.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             342.
             
             An.
             M.
             3604.
             
          
           
             Philip
             
               invades
               the
            
             Illyrians
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             109.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             341.
             
             An.
             M.
             3605.
             
             Dionysius
             abdicates
             the
             Government
             .
          
           
             *
             It
             's
             said
             ,
             he
             kept
             a
             private
             School
             at
             Corinth
             till
             he
             was
             very
             old
             .
             
               Just
               .
               lib.
            
             21.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             341.
             
          
           
             *
             
               Servant
               of
            
             Jupiter
             Olympus
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             109.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             340.
             
             An.
             M.
             3604.
             
          
           
             *
             Caius
             Petilius
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             part
             of
             Epyrus
             .
          
           
             
               The
               Acts
               of
            
             Timoleon
             in
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             Italy
             ,
             now
             the
             States
             of
             Genoa
             .
          
           
             †
             Men
             of
             War.
             Olymp.
             109.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             339.
             
             An.
             M.
             3605.
             
          
           
             †
             Pizodarus
             .
             Petinthus
             
               besieg'd
               by
            
             Philip
             in
             Thrace
             in
             Propontis
             .
          
           
             *
             
               A
               City
               in
            
             Euboea
             ,
             now
             Negropont
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             This
             Return
             was
             about
             the
             time
             the
             Ark
             was
             taken
             by
             the
             Philistines
             ,
             80
             Years
             after
             the
             Ruin
             of
             Troy
             ,
             before
             Christ
             1100
             Years
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             110.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             338.
             
             An.
             M.
             3605.
             
             The
             Athenians
             aid
             
               Byzantium
               .
               Philip
            
             raises
             his
             Sieges
             ,
             and
             makes
             Peace
             .
          
           
             *
             Long
             Ships
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             338.
             
          
           
             A
             Mutiny
             rais'd
             by
             Thracius
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             338.
             
          
           
             *
             Games
             in
             Honour
             of
             Neptune
             ,
             celebrated
             every
             5th
             Year
             ,
             in
             the
             Istmos
             near
             Corinth
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             338.
             
          
           
             The
             Carthaginians
             routed
             by
             Timoleon
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             338.
             
          
           
             *
             Coats
             of
             Mail.
             
          
           
             *
             At
             Flaggens
             ,
             Cups
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             110.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             337.
             
             An.
             M.
             3606.
             
          
           
             *
             Brutii
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             337.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             337.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             Temple
             .
          
           
             *
             Hiero.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             110.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             336.
             
             An.
             M.
             3607.
             
             Elatea
             taken
             by
             
               Philip.
               Athens
            
             in
             great
             fear
             of
             Philip.
             
          
           
             Demosthenes
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             336.
             
          
           
             The
             Boeotians
             join
             with
             the
             Athenians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             336.
             
          
           
             Python
             ,
             a
             famous
             Orator
             .
          
           
             The
             Battel
             of
             Charonea
             between
             Philip
             and
             the
             Athenians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             336.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             336.
             
          
           
             Demades
             rebukes
             Philip.
             
          
           
             Philip
             reform'd
             .
          
           
             The
             Speech
             of
             Lycurgus
             .
          
           
             A
             Battel
             in
             Italy
             and
             at
             Cheronea
             ,
             one
             and
             the
             same
             day
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             110.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             335.
             
             An.
             M.
             3608.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             335.
             
          
           
             Philip
             made
             General
             of
             Greece
             .
          
           
             Timoleon
             dies
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             Mina
             is
             3
             l.
             2
             s.
             6
             d.
             
          
           
             *
             King
             of
             Pontus
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             111.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             334.
             
             An.
             M.
             3609.
             
          
           
             Philip
             consults
             the
             Oracle
             .
          
           
             
             Philip's
             pompous
             Festivals
             at
             the
             Marriage
             of
             his
             Daughter
             Cleopatra
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             Aegeas
             .
          
           
             Neoptolemus
             the
             Poet.
             
          
           
             
             Philip's
             Pride
             ;
          
           
             *
             
               There
               were
               12
               chief
               Gods
               among
               the
               Greeks
               ,
               they
               were
               call'd
            
             Olympii
             ;
             
               their
               Names
            
             ,
             Jupiter
             ,
             Mars
             ,
             Mercury
             ,
             Neptune
             ,
             Vulcan
             ,
             Apollo
             ,
             Juno
             ,
             Vesta
             ,
             Minerva
             ,
             Ceres
             ,
             Diana
             ,
             Venus
             .
             Vid.
             Herodotus
             in
             Terpsicore
             .
          
           
             †
             Phi.
             murder'd
             .
          
           
             This
             was
             about
             our
             24th
             of
             September
             .
             The
             manner
             and
             occasion
             of
             
             Philip's
             Murther
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             †
             By
             Sodomy
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Mule-tenders
             or
             Ostlers
             .
          
           
             Justin
             .
             Lib.
             8
             ,
             9
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e319600
           
             PREFACE
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             111.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             333.
             
             An.
             M.
             361.
             
          
           
             *
             Maenius
             .
          
           
             Alexander
             
               ●n
               rives
               how
               to
               kill
            
             Attalus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             333.
             
          
           
             Conspiracies
             among
             the
             Grecians
             against
             Alexander
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             333.
             
          
           
             Alexander
             
               made
               General
               of
            
             Greece
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             333.
             
          
           
             The
             Athenians
             send
             Ambassadors
             to
             Alexander
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             a
             debaucht
             Course
             .
          
           
             *
             
               Of
               the
            
             Amphictyons
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             333.
             
          
           
             *
             Darius
             Ochus
             .
             Ochus
             
               poison'd
               by
            
             Bagoas
             .
          
           
             Arses
             
               murder'd
               by
            
             Bagoas
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             333.
             
          
           
             Bagoas
             justly
             punish'd
             by
             Darius
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             333.
             
          
           
             *
             Darius
             Codomannus
             ,
             
               conquer'd
               by
            
             Alexander
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             *
             Cyzicus
             ,
             an
             Island
             in
             the
             Propontis
             ,
             and
             a
             City
             there
             .
          
           
             A
             Description
             of
             Mount
             Ida.
             
          
           
             *
             This
             was
             Paris
             the
             Son
             of
             P●iam
             ,
             called
             Alexander
             ,
             who
             decided
             the
             Controversy
             between
             
               Juno
               ,
               Minerva
            
             ,
             and
             Venus
             ,
             by
             giving
             the
             Golden
             Apple
             to
             Venus
             as
             the
             fairest
             .
             
               Paus
               .
               l.
               5.
               c.
            
             19.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Sons
             of
             Minerva
             and
             Apollo
             .
          
           
             †
             Cybele
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             August
             .
          
           
             *
             Three
             hundred
             Foot.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             333.
             
             Memnon
             .
          
           
             Parmenio
             takes
             Grynnius
             .
          
           
             *
             Now
             Dalmatia
             ,
             or
             Sclavonia
             .
          
           
             Alexander
             besieges
             Thebes
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             333.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             333.
             
          
           
             *
             King
             of
             Persia
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             333.
             
          
           
             Prodigies
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             333.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             333.
             
          
           
             The
             Battel
             between
             the
             Thebans
             and
             Alexander
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             333.
             
          
           
             
             Alexander's
             Army
             enters
             Thebes
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             333.
             
          
           
             The
             Cruelties
             in
             Thebes
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             333.
             
          
           
             The
             cruel
             Decrce
             against
             the
             Thebans
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             333
             
          
           
             *
             Leo
             had
             Three
             Daughters
             ,
             
               Pasithea
               ,
               Theope
            
             ,
             and
             Eubule
             ,
             who
             were
             willingly
             Sacrific'd
             to
             put
             an
             end
             to
             a
             Plague
             in
             
               Athens
               .
               Suid.
            
             
          
           
             †
             The
             Hyacinthides
             were
             Six
             Daughters
             of
             Erictheus
             King
             of
             Athens
             ,
             who
             offer'd
             themselves
             to
             be
             Sacrific'd
             to
             gain
             a
             Victory
             for
             their
             Country
             against
             Eumolphus
             King
             of
             Thrace
             :
             So
             call'd
             from
             a
             Village
             call'd
             Hyacinthus
             ,
             where
             they
             were
             Sacrific'd
             .
             Suid.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             333.
             
          
           
             Alexander
             returns
             into
             Macedonia
             .
          
           
             *
             Upon
             which
             they
             sate
             at
             Meat
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             111.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             332.
             
             An.
             M.
             3616.
             
          
           
             *
             Men
             of
             War.
             Alexander
             lands
             in
             Asia
             .
          
           
             †
             It
             should
             be
             Twelve
             thousand
             .
          
           
             *
             
               A
               People
               of
            
             Thrace
             
               of
               the
               City
            
             Odrisa
             .
             Alexander's
             Forces
             .
          
           
             *
             But
             by
             the
             Particulars
             they
             amount
             to
             Five
             thousand
             one
             hundred
             .
          
           
             **
             The
             Greck
             is
             ●o
             ,
             but
             the
             Latin
             15
             hundred
             Horse
             .
          
           
             ***
             At
             Ilium
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             332.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             332.
             
          
           
             *
             Phalanx
             .
          
           
             The
             Forces
             of
             the
             Persians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             332.
             
          
           
             The
             Battel
             at
             Granicum
             .
          
           
             Sipthrobates
             
               fights
               with
            
             Alexander
             .
          
           
             *
             
               Call'd
               a
            
             Saunium
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             332.
             
          
           
             Rosaces
             
               near
               killing
               of
            
             Alexder
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             332.
             
          
           
             *
             Or
             Mithrenes
             :
          
           
             Miletus
             besieg'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             332.
             
          
           
             Miletus
             taken
             .
          
           
             Halicarnassius
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             332.
             
          
           
             Ada
             meets
             Alexander
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             332.
             
             Halicarnassus
             besieg'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             332.
             
          
           
             *
             An
             Herald
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             332.
             
          
           
             Ephialtes
             ,
             a
             strong
             and
             stout
             Man.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             332.
             
          
           
             Halicarnassus
             taken
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             332.
             
          
           
             *
             Or
             Marmarians
             .
          
           
             The
             strange
             Resolution
             of
             the
             Marmarians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             332.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             3.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             331.
             
             An.
             M.
             3617.
             
          
           
             *
             Mitylene
             besieg'd
             and
             taken
             by
             Memnon
             in
             the
             Island
             Lesbos
             .
          
           
             †
             Lesbos
             ,
             
               a
               City
               in
            
             Lesbos
             .
          
           
             Memnon
             dies
             .
          
           
             *
             Of
             Persia
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             331.
             
          
           
             Charidemus
             unjustly
             put
             to
             Death
             by
             Darius
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             331.
             
          
           
             The
             Number
             of
             the
             Persian
             Army
             .
          
           
             *
             Cilicia
             ,
             n●w
             Carmania
             ,
             
               in
               the
            
             Turks
             Dominions
             .
          
           
             Alexander
             sick
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             331.
             
          
           
             Alexander
             receives
             Letters
             from
             his
             Mother
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             Macedonia
             .
          
           
             
               Syriae
               Pilae
            
             ,
             or
             the
             Gates
             of
             Syria
             .
          
           
             *
             Issus
             ,
             now
             Laiazzo
             ,
             
               under
               the
            
             Turks
             .
          
           
             †
             Cilicia
             .
          
           
             **
             Betwixt
             4
             and
             5
             Miles
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             331.
             
          
           
             The
             great
             Battel
             at
             Issus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             331.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             331.
             
          
           
             Alexander
             gets
             the
             Victory
             at
             Issus
             .
          
           
             *
             Battalion
             about
             Eight
             thousand
             Feet
             .
          
           
             The
             Macedonians
             rifle
             the
             
             Persian's
             Tents
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             331.
             
          
           
             The
             miserable
             Condition
             of
             the
             Persian
             Ladies
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             331.
             
          
           
             Darius
             his
             Mother
             ,
             Wife
             ,
             two
             Daughters
             and
             Son
             ,
             taken
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Women-Captives
             ,
             Darius
             his
             Wife
             ,
             Children
             ,
             Mother
             
          
           
             *
             of
             the
             Queen
             ,
             and
             Queen-Mother
             of
             Persia
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             331.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             331.
             
          
           
             
             Alexander's
             great
             Humanity
             towards
             the
             Persian
             Captives
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             331.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             33●
             .
          
           
             *
             This
             was
             all
             Narolia
             .
          
           
             †
             Now
             Casilimer
             in
             Paphligonia
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             112.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             330.
             
             An.
             M.
             3618.
             
          
           
             Alexander
             demands
             entrance
             into
             Tyre
             .
          
           
             Tyre
             but
             four
             Furlongs
             from
             the
             Continent
             .
             Tyre
             besieg'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             330.
             
          
           
             Prodigy
             of
             a
             Whale
             .
          
           
             Prodigies
             at
             Tyre
             .
          
           
             The
             Tyrians
             fasten
             Apollo
             with
             Chains
             .
          
           
             *
             Tridents
             ,
             the
             Inventions
             of
             the
             Tyrians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             330.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             330
             ;
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             33●
             .
          
           
             Tyre
             taken
             .
          
           
             *
             That
             is
             ,
             a
             Lover
             of
             Alexder
             .
          
           
             Ballonymus
             his
             wonderful
             Advancement
             .
             Curtius
             calls
             him
             Abdolonymus
             .
             Lib.
             4.
             
             C.
             1.
             
             Vid.
             Just
             .
             Lib.
             11.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             330
             ,
          
           
             The
             A●●s
             of
             Agis
             .
          
           
             The
             Acts
             of
             Amyntas
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             330.
             
          
           
             Amyntas
             kill'd
          
           
             Alexander
             presented
             by
             the
             Graecians
             with
             a
             Golden
             Crown
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             112.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             329.
             
             An.
             M.
             3619.
             
          
           
             
               He
               journeys
               to
            
             Jupiter
             Hammon
             .
             Alexander
             presented
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             329.
             
          
           
             *
             Or
             Lake
             .
          
           
             †
             About
             15
             Miles
             .
          
           
             *
             Six
             Miles
             and
             something
             more
             .
          
           
             The
             Description
             of
             the
             Places
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             329.
             
          
           
             The
             Fountain
             Solis
             .
          
           
             *
             Idol
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             329
             :
          
           
             Alexandria
             built
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             329.
             
          
           
             *
             An
             Island
             near
             Aegypt
             ,
             now
             joyn'd
             to
             Alexandria
             by
             a
             Bridge
             ,
             tho●
             formerly
             a
             days
             sail
             ,
             as
             ●omer
             says
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Medi
             erranean
             .
          
           
             *
             Five
             Miles
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             329.
             
          
           
             Darius
             his
             Preparations
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             329.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             329.
             
          
           
             
             Alexander's
             Answer
             to
             
             Darius's
             Ambas
             〈…〉
             s.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             329.
             
          
           
             Alexander
             
               passes
               over
            
             Tygris
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             329.
             
          
           
             *
             Silver
             Shields
             .
          
           
             †
             Elimia
             ,
             
               a
               City
               of
            
             Macedonia
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             329.
             
          
           
             The
             Battel
             at
             A
             〈…〉
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             329.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             
             an
             〈…〉
             B
             〈…〉
             Destruction
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             329.
             
          
           
             *
             Mazeus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             329.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             319.
             
          
           
             The
             Persians
             
               routed
               at
            
             Arbela
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             329
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             112.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             328.
             
             An.
             M.
             3620.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             328.
             
          
           
             Alexander
             
               comes
               to
            
             Babylon
             .
          
           
             *
             About
             19
             l.
             
          
           
             Recruits
             come
             to
             him
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             328.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             328.
             
          
           
             Enters
             Susa
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             328.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             328.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             328.
             
          
           
             *
             
               B●
               the
            
             Persians
             .
          
           
             A
             Company
             of
             Greeks
             in
             a
             sad
             Condition
             m●t
             Alexander
             .
          
           
             *
             N●ar
             100
             l.
             
          
           
             *
             Every
             Medimna
             by
             some
             conta●●
             Eighteen
             〈◊〉
             Fifty
             Bush●ls
             .
          
           
             The
             Treasures
             of
             Persepolis
             Ant.
             Ch.
             328.
             
          
           
             Curtius
             ,
             
               l.
               5.
               c.
            
             13.
             
          
           
             The
             D●scription
             of
             Persepolis
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             Or
             Crosses
             of
             Brass
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             328.
             
          
           
             Alexander
             
               Feasts
               at
            
             Persepolis
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             328.
             
          
           
             Persepolis
             burnt
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             328.
             
          
           
             Darius
             murder'd
             .
          
           
             Olymp
             p.
             112.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             327.
             
             An.
             M.
             3621.
             
          
           
             Bessus
             stirs
             up
             the
             Bactrians
             ,
             〈◊〉
             is
             own'd
             as
             King
             
          
           
             *
             Ten
             Minas
             ,
             31
             l.
             5
             s.
             Alexander
             discharges
             the
             Greek
             Auxiliaries
             ,
             and
             rewards
             them
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             327.
             
          
           
             *
             From
             its
             100
             Gates
             .
          
           
             *
             About
             43
             Miles
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             327.
             
          
           
             The
             Fertility
             of
             Hircania
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             about
             49
             Quarts
             .
          
           
             †
             Every
             Medimna
             is
             about
             18
             Gallons
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             327.
             
          
           
             Alexander's
             Horse
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             327.
             
          
           
             Thalest●is
             .
          
           
             Alexander
             
               i
               〈◊〉
               the
            
             Persians
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Lictors
             ,
             who
             carry'd
             Rods
             before
             the
             Magistrates
             .
          
           
             †
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             ,
             such
             carry'd
             Lances
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             327.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             327.
             
          
           
             In
             the
             Province
             of
             
             Drangiana
             ●n
             Persia
             .
          
           
             A
             Plot
             against
             Alexander
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch
             327.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             327.
             
          
           
             Philotas
             put
             to
             Death
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Benefactors
             .
          
           
             Ant
             Ch.
             327.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             113.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             326.
             
             An.
             M.
             3622.
             
             The
             Cold
             Country
             of
             the
             Paropamisades
             .
          
           
             The
             Descript
             .
             of
             the
             Paropamisades
             Country
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             326.
             
          
           
             Caucasus
             .
          
           
             See
             this
             Story
             in
             
               Ovid
               '
            
             ,
             Mesam
             .
             Lib.
             1.
             and
             other
             P●●ts
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             326.
             
          
           
             Satibarzanes
             
               kill'd
               by
            
             Erigyus
             
               in
               a
               single
               Combat
               in
            
             Area
             .
          
           
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             326.
             
             Bessus
             
               brought
               to
            
             Alexander
             .
          
           
             *
             
               Queen
               of
            
             Massaca
             in
             India
             .
          
           
             Barbarians
             kill'd
             after
             surrender
             of
             their
             City
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             326.
             
          
           
             *
             These
             Mercenaries
             were
             the
             Massasenians
             .
             Their
             stout
             Defence
             .
          
           
             *
             Sarissa
             ,
             a
             Macedonian
             Spear
             or
             Lan●●
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             326.
             
          
           
             *
             Here
             it
             falls
             in
             with
             the
             Index
             plac'd
             before
             the
             17th
             Book
             ,
             in
             the
             Greek
             Edition
             of
             
               Rhodomanus
               .
               Alexander
            
             at
             the
             Rock
             Ao●non
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             326.
             
          
           
             Aphrices
             an
             Indian
             
               his
               Head
               brought
               to
            
             Alexander
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             326.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             113.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             325.
             
             An.
             M.
             3623.
             
          
           
             Alexander's
             
               Battel
               with
            
             Porus.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             325.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Macedonian
             Pikes
             .
          
           
             Porus
             overcome
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             325.
             
          
           
             *
             River
             Hydaspis
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             325.
             
          
           
             Porus
             restor'd
             .
          
           
             *
             Glasses
             made
             hallow
             like
             Caps
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             325.
             
          
           
             Trees
             .
          
           
             
          
           
             
               Marches
               against
               the
            
             Andrastians
             .
             Catheri
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             The
             Custom
             of
             Sophithes
             his
             Cities
             .
          
           
             Indian
             Dogs
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             325.
             
          
           
             *
             From
             his
             following
             Porus
             the
             Nephew
             of
             Porus.
             
          
           
             Phigeus
             .
          
           
             Hyphasis
             River
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             325.
             
          
           
             Xandrames
             
               his
               Force
               ,
               King
               of
               the
            
             Gandarides
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             325.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Rains
             call
             d
             the
             Messoones
             in
             India
             .
          
           
             The
             Macedonians
             refuse
             to
             march
             against
             the
             Gandarides
             .
          
           
             River
             Acisines
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             325.
             
          
           
             
               The
               Cities
               built
               at
               the
               River
            
             Ascisines
             ,
             Nicea
             ,
             Bucephalis
             .
          
           
             Hydaspes
             and
             Acisines
             
               Rivers
               meet
            
             .
             Ibori
             .
          
           
             〈◊〉
             Agalassians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             325.
             
          
           
             *
             Hydaspes
             and
             Acisines
             .
          
           
             Alexander
             in
             danger
             by
             Whirlpools
             .
          
           
             *
             Oxydracons
             and
             Mallians
             .
             Syracusians
             
               in
               the
               Greek
               ,
               mistaken
               for
            
             Oxydracans
             .
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             325.
             
          
           
             *
             
               Of
               the
            
             Oxydracans
             .
             Vid.
             Appian
             .
             lib.
             2.
             
             Bell.
             Civil
             .
             
               latter
               end
               :
               And
            
             Curtius
             ,
             〈◊〉
             9
             sect
             .
             5
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             325.
             
          
           
             *
             Castle-Yard
             rather
             .
             The
             King
             leaps
             into
             a
             〈◊〉
             himself
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             325.
             
          
           
             Grecians
             in
             Bactria
             rebell
             .
          
           
             
               Duel
               between
            
             Coragus
             and
             Dioxippus
             .
             See
             Plin.
             
               Nat.
               Hist.
            
             l.
             35.
             c.
             11.
             
             Aelian
             .
             Var.
             Hist.
             l.
             10.
             c.
             22.
             l.
             12.
             c.
             58.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             325.
             
          
           
             *
             Pike
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             325.
             
          
           
             Dioxippus
             murthers
             himself
             .
          
           
             *
             Indus
             .
          
           
             Sambestan●
             .
             Curtius
             ,
             
               lib.
               9.
               c.
            
             15.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             325.
             
          
           
             Sodians
             ,
             Massanians
             .
          
           
             *
             On
             the
             Bank
             of
             the
             River
             Indus
             .
          
           
             **
             
               Musicanus
               Strabo
            
             lib.
             15.
             p.
             694.
             701.
             says
             he
             submitted
             ,
             where
             see
             much
             more
             ,
             but
             after
             revolted
             and
             Crucify'd
             .
          
           
             †
             This
             Territory
             belongs
             to
             the
             Bastans
             .
             See
             Strabo
             ,
             b.
             Sambus
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Country
             of
             the
             Brachmans
             who
             had
             revolted
             after
             Submission
             .
             S●e
             Curtius
             ,
             Lib.
             9
             
          
           
             †
             Harmatelia
             .
             See
             Strabo
             .
             Lib.
             15.
             p.
             723.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             325.
             
          
           
             Poyson'd
             Weapons
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch
             32●
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             The
             King's
             Dream
             .
          
           
             *
             Indus
             .
          
           
             **
             City
             Hyala
             ,
             at
             the
             Mouth
             of
             the
             River
             Indus
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             325.
             
          
           
             *
             This
             Navigation
             describ'd
             by
             Arrian
             ,
             lib.
             6
             p.
             143.
             and
             Pliny
             Nat.
             Hist
             .
             lib.
             6
             c
             23
             They
             set
             forth
             from
             the
             Island
             Patalene
             ,
             and
             City
             Xunilopolis
             ,
             as
             by
             Arrian
             .
             Lib.
             6.
             cap.
             23.
             
             Vid.
             Ush
             .
             Ann.
             266.
             and
             269.
             
          
           
             *
             In
             Rambacia
             .
          
           
             Alexandria
             in
             India
             built
             .
          
           
             *
             Oritans
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             325.
             
          
           
             Burials
             of
             the
             Neoritans
             .
          
           
             Marches
             into
             Gedrosia
             .
          
           
             
             Alexander's
             Army
             near
             Perishing
             in
             Gedrosia
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             325.
             
          
           
             *
             In
             Carmania
             Vid.
             Curtius
             ,
             Lib.
             9.
             ad
             fin●m
             .
          
           
             The
             King
             punishes
             the
             Governors
             of
             Provinces
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             325.
             
          
           
             *
             Salmuntes
             in
             Harmozia
             ,
             now
             Ormus
             
               in
               the
               Gulf
               of
            
             Persia
             .
             Nearchus
             returns
             .
          
           
             Islands
             over-flow'd
             .
          
           
             Whales
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             325.
             
          
           
             
               The
               strange
               Death
               of
            
             Calanus
             .
             Aelian
             .
             Var.
             
               Hist
               .
               lib.
               5.
               c.
            
             6.
             
             Plut.
             in
             Alexander
             .
          
           
             Thirty
             thousand
             Persians
             brought
             to
             Alexander
             .
          
           
             *
             Phalanx
             .
          
           
             Harpalus
             his
             Luxury
             .
          
           
             The
             Red
             Sea.
             
          
           
             *
             Our
             Sheriffs
             .
          
           
             Olym.
             113.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             324.
             
             An.
             M.
             3624
             
          
           
             Marches
             from
             Susa
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             324.
             
          
           
             *
             
               About
               30
               Mile
            
             .
             Hephestion
             dies
             .
             Aelian
             .
             Var.
             Hist
             .
             l.
             7.
             c.
             8.
             
          
           
             Ecbatana
             .
          
           
             The
             Lamian
             War.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             324.
             
          
           
             The
             Cosseans
             invaded
             .
          
           
             †
             Publius
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             113.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             233.
             
             An.
             M.
             3625.
             
          
           
             *
             Caldean
             Priests
             .
             Marches
             towards
             
               Babylon
               .
               Caldean
            
             Astrologers
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             323
             
          
           
             Enters
             Babylon
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             114.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             322.
             
             An.
             M.
             3625.
             
             Ambassadors
             com●
             to
             Alexander
             from
             all
             parts
             .
             Th●
             
             African
             ●●●ar
             at
             far
             as
             Cadi●
             .
          
           
             The
             Banditti
             ,
             or
             Oat-Laws
             .
          
           
             Alexander
             
               prepares
               to
               bury
            
             Hephestion
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             322.
             
          
           
             *
             
               Or
               ,
               the
               King
               was
               lov'd
               by
            
             Craterus
             ,
             and
             Alexander
             by
             Hephestion
             .
          
           
             
             Hephestion's
             Funeral
             .
             Athenaeus
             ,
             lib
             10.
             c.
             11.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             322.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             322.
             
          
           
             Prodigies
             ●efore
             Alexander's
             Death
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             322.
             
          
           
             *
             This
             he
             had
             newly
             made
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             322.
             
          
           
             Alexander's
             Death
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             322.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e349160
           
             PREFACE
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             ,
             The
             Best
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             114.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Macedonian
             Phalanx
             .
          
           
             †
             Arideus
             
               the
               Son
               of
            
             Philip
             ,
             
               by
               one
            
             Philima
             of
             Larissa
             
               a
               Strumpet
            
             .
             Justin
             .
             
               l.
               13.
               c.
            
             2.
             
             Plut.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             Arideus
             made
             King.
             
          
           
             *
             Lord
             Protecter
             .
          
           
             The
             Provinces
             divided
             .
          
           
             *
             Meleager
             for
             Menander
             ,
             Ush
             .
             Ann
             290
             Arrian
             .
             
               lib.
               3.
               p.
            
             56.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             *
             Sardiana
             for
             Sogdiana
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             laying
             of
             the
             Body
             to
             sleep
             at
             rest
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             *
             Commentaries
             .
          
           
             Things
             set
             down
             in
             
             Alexander's
             Commentaries
             .
          
           
             *
             Corsica
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             Meleager
             executed
             .
          
           
             The
             Grecians
             revolt
             .
          
           
             A
             Description
             of
             Asia
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             Caspian
             Sea.
             
          
           
             *
             Or
             rather
             adjoins
             to
             the
             Hyrcanian
             Sea.
             
          
           
             **
             Not
             running
             into
             other
             Seas
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             About
             four
             Miles
             .
          
           
             *
             At
             the
             Foot
             of
             Mount
             Taurus
             Southward
             .
          
           
             †
             Mesopotamia
             signifies
             in
             the
             Greek
             Tongue
             a
             Place
             between
             two
             Rivers
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Mediterranean
             Sea.
             
          
           
             **
             Or
             Caelo
             Syria
             .
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             321.
             
          
           
             Grecians
             revolt
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             The
             Revolters
             all
             cut
             off
             .
          
           
             The
             Lamian
             War.
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             
             Alexander's
             Epistle
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Sea
             Coasts
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             Antipater
             routed
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
             Lamia
             ,
             a
             City
             in
             Thessaly
             .
          
           
             Lamia
             besieg'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             Leosthenes
             kill'd
             .
          
           
             Antiphilus
             
               made
               the
            
             Athenian
             General
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             114.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
             Ptolemy
             gains
             Aegypt
             .
          
           
             Lysimachus
             
               fights
               with
            
             Seutha
             in
             Thrace
             .
          
           
             *
             Of
             Lamia
             .
          
           
             **
             Melitea
             ,
             a
             City
             in
             Phthotes
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             Leonatus
             routed
             by
             the
             Grecians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             The
             Graecians
             beatan
             at
             Sea
             at
             the
             Echinade
             Islands
             .
          
           
             Perdiccas
             enters
             Cappadocia
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             Ariarathes
             routed
             ,
             scourg'd
             and
             crucifi'd
             .
          
           
             Cappadocia
             
               given
               to
            
             Eumenes
             .
          
           
             Craterus
             assists
             Antipater
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             The
             Graecians
             routed
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Cryers
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             rather
             those
             about
             Antipater
             .
          
           
             The
             Cities
             make
             Peace
             ,
             except
             the
             Aetolians
             and
             Athenians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             The
             Athenians
             submit
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             *
             Arrideus
             and
             Alexander
             .
          
           
             Antipater
             
               returns
               into
            
             Macedonia
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             Perdiccas
             
               restores
               the
            
             Samians
             .
          
           
             The
             end
             of
             the
             Lamian
             War.
             
          
           
             The
             War
             in
             Cyrene
             .
          
           
             Thimbro
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             Ophellas
             routs
             Thimbro
             .
          
           
             Cyrene
             
               possessed
               by
            
             Ptolemy
             .
          
           
             Laranda
             
               s
               〈…〉
               by
            
             Perdiccas
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             P.
             640.
             
          
           
             The
             sad
             Destruction
             of
             the
             City
             of
             the
             
               Isaurians
               .
               Justin
               .
               l.
               3.
               c.
            
             6.
             says
             ,
             This
             was
             done
             by
             the
             Cappadocians
             .
             And
             Orosus
             says
             the
             same
             .
             
               lib.
               3.
               c.
            
             the
             last
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             Perdiccas
             marries
             two
             Wives
             .
          
           
             Affects
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Macedon
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             Antigonus
             secretly
             opposes
             him
             .
          
           
             P.
             641.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             The
             great
             strait
             of
             the
             Etolians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             321.
             
          
           
             Peace
             made
             with
             the
             Etollans
             .
          
           
             Perdicas
             
               marches
               against
            
             Ptolemy
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             114.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             The
             Description
             of
             
             Alexander's
             Funeral
             Chariot
             .
          
           
             P.
             642.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             *
             Or
             Crimsen
             Soldiers
             Coat
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             As
             thick
             as
             〈◊〉
             Scales
             .
          
           
             *
             Tragelaphi
             Goat-Harts
             ,
             bred
             near
             the
             River
             Phasis
             in
             
               Colchis
               .
               Plin
            
             lib.
             8.
             c.
             33
             
          
           
             *
             Like
             a
             Plazza
             .
          
           
             *
             Writing-Tables
             ,
             whether
             of
             Brass
             ,
             Stone
             ,
             or
             Wood.
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             Tree
             so
             call'd
             
          
           
             †
             Or
             Crimson
             Carpet
             .
          
           
             *
             Olive
             Coronets
             ,
             us'd
             to
             be
             worn
             by
             Conquerors
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             *
             Upon
             which
             the
             whole
             might
             turn
             ,
             as
             a
             hinge
             .
          
           
             P.
             643.
             
          
           
             Alexander
             
               was
               first
               bury'd
               at
            
             Memphis
             .
             Pausan
             .
             Attic.
             c.
             6.
             
          
           
             *
             Alexandria
             .
             See
             Curtius
             ,
             l.
             10.
             c.
             ult
             .
             The
             Body
             embalmed
             was
             300
             years
             after
             view'd
             by
             Augustus
             in
             
               Alexandria
               .
               Suet.
            
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             *
             These
             Kings
             were
             Arrideus
             and
             Alexander
             ,
             Alexander's
             Children
             .
             Perdiccas
             prepares
             for
             Egypt
             against
             Ptolemy
             .
          
           
             Eumenes
             beats
             Neoptolemus
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             P.
             644.
             
          
           
             Battel
             between
             Eumenes
             and
             Craterus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             
               Combat
               between
            
             Neoptolimus
             and
             Eumenes
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Battalion
             of
             the
             Macedonian
             Foot.
             P.
             645.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             †
             Perdiccas
             
               comes
               into
            
             Aegypt
             .
          
           
             *
             His
             first
             Victory
             over
             Neoptolemus
             ,
             for
             Perdiccas
             was
             kill'd
             before
             the
             News
             of
             this
             last
             arriv'd
             ,
             as
             appears
             afterwards
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             Perdiccas
             assaults
             the
             Fore
             call'd
             the
             Camel●-wall
             ,
             but
             is
             re
             〈…〉
             d.
             
          
           
             P.
             646.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             Perdiccas
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             of
             his
             Men
             in
             the
             River
             Nile
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             P
             647.
             
          
           
             Perdiccas
             kill'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             Ptolemy
             makes
             Arrhideus
             and
             Pytho
             Protectors
             of
             the
             Kings
             .
          
           
             The
             two
             Kings
             were
             Arrihidaeus
             ,
             and
             Alexander
             ,
             a
             young
             Child
             .
          
           
             Eumenes
             condemn'd
             to
             die
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             P.
             648.
             
             The
             Aetolians
             invade
             Thessaly
             .
          
           
             *
             Four
             hundred
             rather
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             Polyspherchon
             
               routs
               the
            
             Aetolians
             .
          
           
             †
             Triparadisus
             ,
             call'd
             by
             Pliny
             ,
             Nat.
             Hist
             .
             Paradisus
             .
             l.
             1.
             c.
             23.
             
             The
             Triple
             Garden
             .
          
           
             **
             Higher
             Syria
             ,
             or
             Caelo
             Syria
             .
          
           
             *
             Wife
             of
             Arrhideus
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             Kings
             of
             Macedon
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             The
             Provinces
             again
             divided
             by
             Antipater
             .
          
           
             *
             For
             Antigines
             ,
             Captain
             of
             the
             Silver
             Targateers
             .
          
           
             †
             The
             Lesser
             Asia
             .
             P.
             649.
             
          
           
             *
             Cilicia
             for
             Lycia
             .
          
           
             †
             For
             Lydia
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             Antigonus
             routs
             Eumenes
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             *
             
               In
               the
               Country
               of
            
             Orcynia
             on
             Cappadocia
             .
             Ush
             .
             Ann.
             300.
             
          
           
             Eumenes
             
               flies
               to
            
             Nora
             .
          
           
             P.
             6
             ,
             0.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             Antigonus
             besieges
             Nora
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             Eumenes
             invents
             a
             way
             to
             Exercise
             the
             Horse
             in
             
               Nora
               .
               Plutarch's
            
             Life
             of
             Eumenes
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             320.
             
          
           
             Ptolemy
             gains
             Syria
             and
             Phoenicia
             by
             Nicanor
             .
             
               At
               this
               time
               he
               entred
            
             Jerusalem
             .
             Joseph
             .
             Appian
             .
             l.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             l.
             12.
             c.
             1.
             
          
           
             P.
             651.
             
             Olymp.
             114.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             319.
             
          
           
             *
             Lucius
             Papirius
             .
             Antigonus
             beats
             Alcitas
             and
             Attalus
             .
          
           
             *
             Above
             350
             Miles
             .
          
           
             *
             Of
             Horse
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Greek
             is
             so
             ,
             but
             the
             Latin
             is
             600.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             319.
             
          
           
             Alcetas
             
               receiv'd
               into
            
             Termessus
             .
          
           
             P.
             652
             Ant.
             Ch.
             319.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             319.
             
          
           
             *
             Or
             Aldermen
             .
          
           
             Alcetas
             murder'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             319.
             
          
           
             
             Antipater's
             Death
             .
          
           
             P.
             653.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             319.
             
          
           
             *
             Our
             Sheriffs
             .
          
           
             †
             Antipater
             put
             one
             of
             the
             Athenian
             Ambassadors
             to
             Death
             .
          
           
             *
             〈…〉
             〈…〉
             〈…〉
             Polysperchon
             ma●●
             〈◊〉
             Comm
             〈…〉
             
          
           
             Cassander
             c
             〈…〉
             to
             gain
             the
             S●verign
             Command
             in
             Macedonia
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             319.
             
          
           
             *
             Alexander
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             King
             ▪
             
          
           
             Antigonus
             piets
             to
             be
             Sovereign
             .
             P.
             654.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             319.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             319.
             
          
           
             Arrideus
             secures
             himself
             in
             Phrygia
             against
             Antigonus
             .
          
           
             Cyzicum
             be
             〈…〉
             by
             Arrideus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch
             319.
             
          
           
             P.
             655.
             
          
           
             Antigonus
             goes
             to
             vaise
             the
             Siege
             at
             Cyzicum
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             319.
             
          
           
             Eumenes
             got
             out
             of
             Nora
             ,
             by
             Antigonus
             his
             Order
             .
             The
             Acts
             of
             Antigonus
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             319.
             
          
           
             Eumenes
             his
             various
             Fortunes
             .
          
           
             P.
             656.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             317.
             
          
           
             Cassander
             projects
             .
          
           
             A
             Council
             call'd
             by
             Polysperchon
             .
          
           
             P.
             657.
             
          
           
             The
             Decree
             made
             in
             the
             Council
             in
             Macedonia
             on
             the
             〈◊〉
             of
             the
             Grecian
             C
             〈…〉
             .
          
           
             *
             April
             .
          
           
             P.
             658.
             
          
           
             Polysperchon
             invites
             Olympias
             into
             Macedonia
             .
             Writes
             to
             Eumenes
             to
             join
             with
             the
             Kings
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             115.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             318.
             
          
           
             Polysperchon
             sends
             to
             Eumenes
             to
             join
             with
             the
             Kings
             .
          
           
             *
             Soldiers
             so
             call'd
             from
             their
             Silver
             Shields
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch
             318.
             
          
           
             P.
             659.
             
          
           
             *
             Leander
             .
          
           
             *
             Argyraspides
             .
             Silver
             Shields
             ,
             or
             Silver
             Targateers
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             318.
             
          
           
             *
             Of
             Cardia
             in
             the
             Chersonese
             of
             
               Thrace
               .
               Eumenes
            
             his
             prudent
             Deportment
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             318.
             
          
           
             P.
             660.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             318.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             318.
             
          
           
             Ptolemy
             sends
             to
             the
             Captains
             not
             to
             assist
             Eumenes
             .
          
           
             *
             Where
             the
             King's
             Exchequer
             for
             Asia
             was
             kept
             .
             Strabo
             ,
             l.
             14.
             72.
             
          
           
             Antigonus
             contrives
             to
             kill
             Eumenes
             .
          
           
             P.
             661.
             
          
           
             Eumenes
             marches
             into
             Phoenicia
             .
          
           
             Nicanor
             deceives
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             still
             keeps
             Munychia
             .
          
           
             P.
             662.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             318.
             
          
           
             Nicanor
             gets
             Possession
             of
             the
             Pyreum
             by
             Subtilty
             .
          
           
             Olympias
             by
             Letters
             orders
             Nicanor
             to
             re-deliver
             the
             Pyreum
             to
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             and
             Munychia
             ,
             but
             he
             puts
             it
             off
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             318
             
          
           
             Alexander
             ,
             the
             Son
             of
             Polysperchon
             ,
             comes
             with
             an
             Army
             into
             Attica
             .
          
           
             Consults
             privately
             with
             Nicanor
             ,
             and
             displeases
             the
             Athenians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             318.
             
             Phocion
             condemn'd
             at
             Athens
             .
             P.
             663.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             3●8
             .
          
           
             
             Phocion's
             hard
             usage
             at
             his
             Tryal
             in
             Athens
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             318.
             
          
           
             Phocion
             and
             others
             put
             to
             Death
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             318.
             
          
           
             P.
             664.
             
             Cassander
             arrives
             at
             
               Athens
               .
               Polysperchon
            
             comes
             against
             him
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             318.
             
          
           
             Polysperchon
             besieged
             Megalopolis
             ,
             but
             was
             bassed
             with
             great
             loss
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             318.
             
          
           
             P.
             665
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             318.
             
          
           
             Damides
             spoils
             the
             Elephants
             of
             Polysperchon
             at
             Megalopolis
             ,
             by
             a
             Stratagem
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             318.
             
          
           
             P.
             666.
             
          
           
             *
             Now
             Constantinople
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             318.
             
          
           
             A
             Sea-fight
             between
             Clitus
             and
             
               Nicanor
               .
               Clitus
            
             Victor
             .
          
           
             *
             Men
             of
             War.
             
          
           
             Another
             Sea-fight
             between
             Clitus
             and
             
               Nicanor
               .
               Clitus
            
             totally
             reuted
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             318.
             
             Clitus
             slain
             by
             Lysimachus
             his
             Soldiers
             .
          
           
             Antigonus
             
               goes
               after
            
             Eumenes
             .
          
           
             Eumenes
             near
             losing
             his
             whole
             Army
             by
             the
             Breach
             of
             a
             Dike
             in
             Babylonia
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             318.
             
          
           
             P.
             667.
             
          
           
             *
             Three
             thousand
             in
             the
             Margent
             .
          
           
             In
             Greece
             the
             Greek
             Cities
             revolted
             to
             Cassander
             .
          
           
             The
             Athenians
             make
             Peace
             with
             Cassander
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             318.
             
          
           
             Cassander
             kills
             Nicanor
             .
          
           
             *
             Greek
             ,
             Antipater
             ,
             but
             Erroneous
             .
             Many
             in
             Macedonia
             join
             with
             Cassander
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             318.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e372120
           
             P.
             670.
             PREFACE
             
          
           
             Agathocles
             .
          
           
             From
             the
             taking
             of
             Troy
             866
             years
             .
          
           
             P.
             671.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             115.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
             An.
             M.
             3633.
             
          
           
             The
             Parents
             of
             Agathocles
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             His
             Education
             .
          
           
             *
             Invited
             to
             a
             Feast
             at
             a
             Sacrifice
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             Agathocles
             a
             Catamite
             to
             Demas
             .
          
           
             †
             Demas
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Captain
             of
             1000.
             
          
           
             Agathocles
             his
             rise
             .
          
           
             P.
             267.
             
          
           
             *
             Nothing
             said
             of
             them
             in
             the
             preceding
             Book
             ,
             therefore
             some
             mistake
             or
             want
             .
             Rhodomanus
             thinks
             there
             was
             either
             another
             Book
             between
             these
             ,
             or
             a
             want
             of
             what
             was
             inserted
             in
             the
             preceding
             Book
             .
             See
             his
             Notes
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             Agathocles
             his
             Stratagem
             .
          
           
             *
             Gela.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             P.
             673.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             *
             Near
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             Agathocles
             
               Cruelties
               in
            
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             P.
             674.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             P.
             675.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             Agathocles
             gains
             the
             Sovereign
             Command
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Without
             Hernts
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Caus'd
             to
             be
             cut
             off
             .
          
           
             The
             Affairs
             of
             Italy
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Romans
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             **
             Now
             Capitania
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Naples
             .
          
           
             †
             Canutii
             in
             France
             ,
             
               now
               call●d
            
             Chartres
             .
          
           
             *
             No
             such
             Account
             appears
             there
             .
             P.
             676.
             
          
           
             Affairs
             in
             Macedonia
             .
          
           
             *
             His
             Name
             was
             Alexander
             ,
             the
             Son
             of
             Roxana
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
             Olympias
             returns
             into
             Macedonia
             .
          
           
             *
             Aridaeus
             call'd
             Philip.
             
          
           
             †
             Euridice
             the
             Wife
             of
             Philip.
             
          
           
             She
             cruelly
             Murders
             Euridice
             and
             Arrideus
             her
             Husband
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
             Affairs
             in
             Asia
             .
             P.
             677.
             
             Eumenes
             and
             his
             Army
             near
             being
             drown'd
             by
             Seleucus
             .
          
           
             *
             Pitho
             and
             Seleucus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             Eumenes
             
               comes
               into
            
             Susiana
             .
          
           
             *
             Of
             which
             the
             Indians
             make
             Oil
             :
             A
             white
             Grain
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             The
             Captains
             in
             Asia
             draw
             into
             the
             Field
             ,
             and
             the
             reason
             .
             P.
             678.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
             The
             Number
             of
             the
             Forces
             that
             join'd
             with
             Eumenes
             .
          
           
             *
             300
             in
             the
             Margin
             .
             
               Ush
               .
               Ann.
            
             307.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Particulars
             make
             One
             and
             twenty
             thousand
             .
          
           
             *
             Argyraspides
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             Eumenes
             
               come
               to
            
             Susa
             .
          
           
             P.
             679.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             Several
             Captains
             being
             Prisoners
             in
             a
             strong
             Castle
             ,
             seek
             to
             escape
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             315.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             116.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
             An.
             M.
             3634.
             
             Antigonus
             marches
             after
             Eumenes
             to
             Tigris
             .
             P.
             680.
             
          
           
             *
             Or
             Treasurer
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             the
             Dog-Days
             .
             About
             the
             end
             of
             July
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Red
             Sea
             ,
             〈◊〉
             Persian
             Gulf.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             ●14
             .
          
           
             An
             Army
             30
             days
             March
             asunder
             ,
             and
             all
             able
             to
             hear
             the
             ●ord
             of
             Command
             in
             one
             day
             .
          
           
             Antigonus
             
               comes
               to
            
             Susa
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             *
             See
             the
             foregoing
             Page
             .
          
           
             Eumenes
             cuts
             off
             Antigonus
             his
             Men
             near
             Tigris
             .
          
           
             *
             
               The
               River
            
             Coprates
             .
             Pasitigris
             .
             P.
             681.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             334.
             
          
           
             The
             River
             Ulaie
             .
          
           
             *
             Antigonus
             
               marches
               into
            
             Media
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Cosseans
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
             P.
             682.
             
          
           
             Eumenes
             
               comes
               to
            
             Persepolis
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             The
             Description
             of
             Persia
             towards
             Persepolis
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Pencestes
             Feasts
             the
             Army
             in
             Persia
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             *
             Argyraspides
             .
          
           
             P.
             683.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
             Eumenes
             his
             Policy
             to
             forge
             a
             Letter
             from
             Olympias
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             Good
             Policy
             by
             borrowing
             of
             Money
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
             P.
             684.
             
          
           
             Eumenes
             and
             Antigonus
             their
             Armies
             near
             ,
             but
             fight
             not
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             Eumenes
             his
             Tale
             of
             the
             Lion.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             Eumenes
             marckes
             towards
             Gabene
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             Two
             Watches
             of
             the
             Night
             .
          
           
             P.
             68●
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             3●4
             .
          
           
             Battel
             between
             Eumenes
             and
             Antigonus
             in
             the
             Country
             of
             the
             Pareteceni
             .
          
           
             P.
             686.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             *
             
               Anthippi
               :
               i.
               e.
            
             Enemies
             or
             Opposers
             of
             the
             Horsemen
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             P.
             687.
             
          
           
             *
             Argyraspides
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             *
             Battalion
             of
             Foot.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             P.
             688.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             ch
             .
             314.
             
          
           
             Antigonus
             
               marches
               back
               to
            
             Gamarga
             in
             Media
             .
          
           
             The
             Story
             of
             Ceteus
             his
             two
             Wives
             .
          
           
             P.
             689.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             *
             Attires
             Women
             us'd
             to
             wear
             ,
             with
             Labels
             hanging
             down
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch
             ;
             14.
             
          
           
             Eumenes
             marches
             to
             Gabiene
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             Cassander
             
               marches
               into
            
             Macedonia
             .
          
           
             P.
             690.
             
          
           
             *
             Strights
             of
             Perrhabea
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             Olympias
             goes
             to
             Pydna
             ,
             and
             is
             there
             besieg'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             The
             Epirots
             forsake
             their
             King
             ,
             and
             join
             with
             Cassander
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Governor
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             Olympias
             her
             Affairs
             brought
             very
             low
             .
          
           
             P.
             691.
             
          
           
             Antigonus
             his
             design
             to
             have
             surpriz'd
             Eumenes
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             neither
             Rosting
             nor
             B●●ling
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Winter
             Trop●ck
             .
          
           
             *
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             ●00
             M
             〈…〉
             〈◊〉
             
          
           
             *
             To
             the
             utmost
             ●ounds
             of
             their
             Winter
             Quarters
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             Eumenes
             his
             stratagem
             to
             stop
             Antigonus
             in
             his
             march
             .
          
           
             P.
             692.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             The
             Last
             Battel
             between
             Antigonus
             and
             Eumenes
             in
             Gabiene
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             P.
             693.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             *
             Silver
             Shields
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Drudges
             .
          
           
             Eumenes
             his
             Carriages
             taken
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             P.
             694.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314
             
          
           
             Nota.
             
          
           
             Eumenes
             base●ly
             deliver'd
             up
             by
             his
             own
             Men.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             P.
             695.
             
          
           
             The
             dreadful
             Earthquake
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             
               Rhages
               .
               Strabo
            
             Jays
             Two
             thousand
             Towns
             and
             Cities
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             116.
             1.
             
             An.
             M.
             3656.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             The
             〈…〉
             dations
             at
             Rhodes
             .
          
           
             *
             Some
             Monument
             in
             the
             Town
             ,
             in
             Memory
             of
             some
             remarkable
             Event
             either
             Go●d
             or
             Bad.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
             P.
             696.
             
          
           
             To
             the
             parts
             on
             the
             Sea-Coasts
             .
          
           
             Antigonus
             kills
             Pitho
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             Antigonus
             
               marches
               into
            
             Persia
             
          
           
             Revolters
             from
             Antigonus
             cut
             off
             in
             Media
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
             Antigonus
             divides
             the
             Asian
             Provinces
             .
          
           
             P.
             697.
             
             The
             Argyraspides
             contriv'd
             to
             be
             destroy'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             He
             gets
             great
             Treasure
             at
             Susa
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             Cassander
             besieges
             Olympias
             in
             Pydna
             .
          
           
             *
             About
             Seven
             Quarters
             and
             half
             a
             Pont.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             P.
             698.
             
          
           
             Amphipolis
             
               surrender'd
               to
            
             Cassander
             .
          
           
             Amphipolis
             
               surender'd
               to
            
             Cassander
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             Cassander
             kills
             Olympias
             .
          
           
             P.
             699.
             
          
           
             *
             
               Sister
               of
            
             Alexander
             ,
             
               that
               is
            
             ,
             Pyrrhus
             .
          
           
             Marries
             Thessalonices
             .
          
           
             †
             Builds
             Cassandria
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Chersonesus
             of
             Pallene
             in
             Thrace
             .
          
           
             Imprisons
             Roxana
             and
             her
             Son
             Alexander
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             
             Cassander's
             Expedition
             into
             Peloponnesus
             against
             Alexander
             the
             Son
             of
             Polysperchon
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             The
             History
             of
             Thebes
             .
          
           
             P.
             700.
             
          
           
             *
             Born
             at
             Thebes
             .
          
           
             *
             Homer
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             314.
             
          
           
             *
             His
             7
             Sons
             and
             7
             Daughters
             by
             Niobe
             were
             kill'd
             by
             Jupiter
             and
             Diana
             with
             Arrows
             .
             Paus
             .
             in
             
               Boet.
               Diod.
               lib.
            
             4.
             
          
           
             †
             The
             Posterity
             of
             Polydorus
             .
          
           
             ‖
             The
             Posterity
             of
             the
             7
             Captains
             who
             besieg'd
             Thebes
             .
          
           
             ‡
             This
             Story
             of
             the
             Crows
             is
             ,
             That
             the
             Oracle
             said
             ,
             the
             Boeotians
             should
             be
             expell'd
             when
             they
             saw
             white
             Crows
             ,
             which
             happen'd
             afterward
             by
             playful
             Boys
             painting
             Crows
             white
             ,
             and
             then
             letting
             them
             go
             .
             A
             little
             while
             after
             ,
             the
             Boeotians
             were
             ejected
             by
             the
             Aeolians
             .
             See
             the
             Annot.
             upon
             
               Erasm
               .
               Adag
               .
               (
               Ad
               Corvos
               .
               )
            
             p.
             374.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch
             :
             314.
             
          
           
             Cassander
             rebuilds
             Thebes
             .
          
           
             *
             Geraneia
             ,
             a
             Hill
             near
             the
             Istmos
             ,
             in
             Megaris
             .
          
           
             P.
             701.
             
             Olymp.
             116.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             313.
             
             An.
             M.
             3657.
             
             Antigonus
             comes
             to
             Babylon
             ,
             his
             whole
             Army
             feasted
             by
             Seleucus
             .
          
           
             Falls
             out
             with
             Seleucus
             ,
             who
             flies
             to
             Ptolemy
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             313.
             
          
           
             Caldean
             
               South
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             313.
             
             Seleucus
             kindly
             receiv'd
             by
             Ptolemy
             .
          
           
             Ptolemy
             ,
             Seleucus
             ,
             Cassander
             ,
             and
             Lysimachus
             ,
             
               join
               against
            
             Antigonus
             .
             P.
             702.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             313.
             
          
           
             Antigonus
             
               Winters
               in
            
             Cilicia
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             Cilicia
             .
          
           
             †
             After
             the
             s●tting
             of
             Orion
             .
          
           
             Ambassadors
             sent
             to
             him
             from
             
               Ptolemy
               ,
               Cassander
            
             and
             Lysimachus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             3●3
             .
          
           
             He
             goes
             into
             Phenicia
             ,
             and
             there
             builds
             Ships
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             313.
             
          
           
             P.
             703.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             313.
             
          
           
             Antigonus
             
               be
               sieges
            
             Tyre
             .
          
           
             The
             Praise
             of
             Phila
             ,
             the
             Wife
             of
             Demetrius
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             313.
             
          
           
             Aristodemus
             
               raises
               Forces
               for
            
             Antigonus
             in
             Peloponnesus
             .
          
           
             Ptolomey
             ,
             
               a
               Captain
               of
            
             Antigonus
             ,
             
               raises
               the
               Siege
               of
            
             Amisus
             in
             Cappadocia
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             313.
             
          
           
             Two
             other
             Cities
             raised
             by
             him
             in
             Bithynia
             .
             P.
             704.
             
          
           
             Antigonus
             his
             Policy
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             313.
             
          
           
             Tyre
             
               deliver'd
               to
            
             Antigonus
             .
          
           
             Prolemy
             proclaims
             Liberty
             to
             the
             Grecians
             .
          
           
             Ptolemy
             sends
             Men
             into
             Cyprus
             .
          
           
             The
             Agreement
             of
             the
             Captains
             of
             Ptolemy
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             at
             Cyprus
             .
             P.
             705.
             
             The
             Acts
             of
             Seleucus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             313.
             
             A
             Fleet
             comes
             to
             antigonus
             from
             Hellespont
             and
             Rhodes
             .
          
           
             
               Things
               done
            
             in
             Peloponnesus
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             City
             Stymphalus
             ,
             near
             the
             Stymphalian
             Lake
             .
          
           
             †
             Argos
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             public
             Place
             where
             the
             great
             M●n
             us'd
             to
             Sacrifice
             ,
             or
             a
             Place
             where
             a
             Court
             was
             held
             belonging
             to
             the
             Senate
             .
             The
             Acts
             of
             Cassander
             in
             Peloponnesus
             .
             and
             elsewhere
             .
          
           
             *
             City
             Stamphalus
             .
             Vid.
             p.
             705.
             
          
           
             †
             Argia
             .
             P.
             706.
             
          
           
             The
             great
             Victory
             both
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             obtain'd
             by
             
               Polyclitus
               ,
               Seleucus
            
             his
             Lieutenant
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             313.
             
          
           
             *
             In
             Aegypt
             .
          
           
             He
             's
             highly
             rewarded
             by
             Ptolemy
             .
          
           
             The
             Acts
             of
             Agathocles
             in
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             *
             Barks
             or
             Frignts
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             313.
             
          
           
             *
             Mylas
             .
             P.
             707.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             116.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             312.
             
             An.
             M.
             3658.
             
          
           
             Aristodemus
             
               raises
               the
               Siege
               of
            
             Cyllene
             .
             
               The
               Acts
               of
            
             Aristodemus
             in
             Peloponnesus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             312.
             
             Of
             Dyme
             in
             Achaia
             .
             The
             Dimeans
             seek
             to
             free
             themselves
             from
             
             Cassander's
             Garison
             .
          
           
             Alexander
             ,
             
               Son
               of
            
             Polyspachon
             kill'd
             .
          
           
             The
             praise
             of
             Cratesipolis
             ,
             Wife
             of
             Alexander
             ,
             Son
             of
             Polysperchon
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             312.
             
          
           
             P.
             708.
             
          
           
             Cassander
             joins
             with
             the
             Acarnanians
             against
             the
             Etolians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             312.
             
          
           
             The
             Acts
             of
             Cassander
             .
          
           
             *
             Epidamnum
             bordering
             upon
             the
             Adriatick
             Sea.
             Now
             called
             Durazzo
             ,
             called
             also
             Dyradrium
             .
             The
             Cruelty
             of
             the
             Etolians
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             312.
             
          
           
             Cassander
             sends
             an
             Army
             into
             Caria
             .
          
           
             Sends
             Aristotle
             with
             a
             Fleet
             to
             Lemnos
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             312.
             
          
           
             The
             Acts
             of
             
             Cassander's
             Army
             in
             Caria
             P.
             709.
             
          
           
             Antigonus
             leaves
             his
             Son
             Demetrius
             in
             Syria
             to
             watch
             Ptolemy
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             312.
             
             His
             troublesome
             march
             into
             Asia
             .
          
           
             The
             affairs
             of
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             312.
             
             Acrotatus
             invited
             to
             be
             General
             by
             Agrigentines
             .
          
           
             P.
             710.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             312.
             
          
           
             The
             misgoverment
             and
             cruelty
             of
             Acrotatus
             the
             Corinthian
             in
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             312.
             
          
           
             The
             Acts
             of
             Agathocles
             in
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             The
             affairs
             of
             Italy
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             312.
             
          
           
             P.
             711.
             
          
           
             *
             Luceria
             now
             Nocera
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             116.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             311.
             
             An.
             M.
             3659.
             
          
           
             *
             Callantinians
             .
          
           
             Several
             Cities
             revolt
             from
             Lysimachus
             .
          
           
             Lysimachus
             comes
             to
             reduce
             them
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             Callentians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             311.
             
          
           
             P.
             713
             
          
           
             Ant
             Ch.
             311.
             
             
               Philip
               ,
               Cassanders
            
             General
             ,
             Routs
             the
             Epirots
             and
             Etolians
             .
          
           
             
             Cassander's
             Agreement
             with
             Antigonus
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             311.
             
          
           
             Antigonus
             gains
             the
             Cities
             in
             Caria
             .
          
           
             P.
             713.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             111.
             
          
           
             *
             In
             Eubea
             now
             Negropont
             .
             Cassander
             '
             
               s
               Acts
               in
            
             Greece
             .
          
           
             Samnites
             Routed
             by
             the
             Romans
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             indicted
             before
             the
             Judges
             call'd
             
               Judices
               Questionum
            
             ,
             Judges
             of
             the
             Questions
             :
             Or
             when
             the
             Trial
             was
             appointed
             .
          
           
             Olym.
             117.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             110.
             
             The
             Acts
             of
             Polemon
             in
             Greece
             .
          
           
             *
             Men
             of
             War.
             
          
           
             *
             Antigonus
             his
             General
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             *
             Salganeus
             in
             Boeotia
             near
             Chalchis
             .
          
           
             *
             Chalcis
             in
             Boeotia
             .
             P.
             714.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310
             
          
           
             The
             Acts
             of
             Polemon
             in
             Greece
             .
          
           
             *
             Athens
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             *
             Ptolemy
             .
          
           
             Ptolemy
             
               goes
               against
            
             Cyrene
             
          
           
             P.
             715.
             
          
           
             Ptolemy
             against
             Cyprus
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             Thessaly
             .
          
           
             †
             In
             Arcadia
             .
          
           
             *
             Malieans
             in
             Thessaly
             .
          
           
             *
             24
             Stathmuses
             ,
             every
             one
             of
             ▪
             which
             Theodotus
             says
             is
             150
             Furlongs
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Gees
             against
             Demetrius
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             P.
             716.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             The
             Battel
             between
             
               Ptolemy
               ,
               Seleucus
            
             ,
             and
             Demetrius
             at
             Gaza
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             P.
             717.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             Demetrius
             routed
             .
          
           
             *
             Demetrius
             .
          
           
             †
             Gaza
             in
             Judaea
             ,
             where
             Sampson
             carried
             away
             the
             Gates
             .
          
           
             *
             Asdod
             in
             Judaea
             ,
             now
             a
             small
             Village
             .
             call'd
             Alzote
             .
          
           
             †
             Two
             hundred
             and
             seventy
             Furlongs
             .
             P.
             718.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             *
             This
             Five
             hundred
             should
             be
             Five
             thousand
             as
             Plutarch
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             Ptolemy
             takes
             Tyre
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             P.
             719.
             
          
           
             The
             Epirots
             make
             Alcetas
             King.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             City
             and
             Country
             upon
             the
             Coasts
             of
             the
             Adriatick
             Sea.
             Cassander
             goes
             against
             the
             Apolloniates
             .
          
           
             †
             Apollonia
             ,
             a
             City
             of
             Thrace
             .
          
           
             *
             Leucas
             ,
             a
             Pen●nsula
             near
             to
             the
             Ambracian
             G●lf
             ,
             bordering
             upon
             Epirus
             ,
             call'd
             also
             Neritis
             .
             The
             City
             call'd
             Leucadia
             .
          
           
             P.
             720.
             
          
           
             Seleucus
             marches
             for
             Babylon
             〈…〉
             〈…〉
             Num●er
             ,
             and
             gains
             the
             P
             〈…〉
             v
             〈…〉
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             T●mple
             of
             Apollo
             at
             Dydimus
             in
             Ionia
             ,
             where
             the
             Priests
             and
             Inhalitants
             were
             call'd
             Branchides
          
           
             *
             Carran
             ,
             where
             Abraham
             sofourn'd
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             P.
             721.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Demetrius
             routs
             Celles
             ,
             Ptolemy
             '
             
               s
               General
            
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             Ptolemy
             wasts
             Samaria
             ,
             Joppa
             ,
             Gaza
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             P.
             722.
             
             Nabaioth
             
               of
               the
               Seed
               of
            
             Ishmael
             .
          
           
             The
             Customs
             of
             the
             Arabians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Nabatheans
             .
          
           
             *
             Above
             Two
             hundred
             and
             threescore
             Miles
             .
             P.
             723.
             
          
           
             Above
             the
             time
             of
             a
             Watch.
             
          
           
             Atheneus
             kill'd
             and
             most
             of
             his
             Men
             by
             the
             Nabatheans
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             Demetrius
             sent
             against
             them
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             P.
             724.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             *
             Almost
             Forty
             Miles
             .
          
           
             *
             Asphaltes
             ,
             or
             the
             
               Dead
               Sea
            
             ,
             The
             Lake
             of
             Sodom
             .
          
           
             *
             Above
             Sixty
             Miles
             .
             
               Joseph
               .
               lib.
               bellor
               .
               Jud.
            
             5.
             
             C.
             5.
             says
             it
             is
             580
             Furlongs
             long
             ,
             and
             150
             broad
             
          
           
             *
             Every
             Plethra
             is
             100
             Foot.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Balm
             of
             Gilead
             .
             P.
             725.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Red
             Sea
             in
             the
             Greek
             but
             mistook
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             P.
             726.
             
          
           
             Wars
             in
             Italy
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch
             ●10
             
          
           
             *
             A
             City
             in
             Campania
             in
             Italy
             .
          
           
             *
             
               Pontiae
               Insulae
            
             in
             the
             Tuscan
             Sea
             
               Plin.
               lib.
               3.
               c.
               6.
               
               Porcia
            
             an
             Island
             in
             the
             same
             Sea
             call'd
             commonly
             Porce
             .
             The
             Acts
             of
             Agathocles
             in
             Sicily
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             P.
             〈◊〉
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310
             
          
           
             *
             Or
             ,
             Galatina
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             310.
             
          
           
             *
             That
             is
             ,
             Wicked
             .
             See
             p.
             729.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             117.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             309.
             
             Cassander
             ,
             &c.
             mak
             s
             Peace
             with
             Antigonus
             .
             P.
             728.
             
          
           
             Rhoxana
             and
             her
             Son
             murder'd
             .
          
           
             The
             Captains
             take
             the
             Title
             of
             Kings
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             309.
             
             Carthaginians
             raise
             Forces
             against
             Agathocles
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             309.
             
          
           
             P.
             729.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Cast
             away
             .
          
           
             Four
             thousand
             Geloans
             murder'd
             by
             Agathocles
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             wicked
             Place
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             309.
             
          
           
             The
             Battel
             between
             Agathocles
             and
             Amilcar
             at
             Himera
             .
          
           
             An.
             Ch.
             309.
             
          
           
             P.
             ●●0
             .
          
           
             *
             Mina
             Weight
             .
          
           
             Agathocles
             routed
             .
          
           
             *
             About
             6
             miles
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             309.
             
          
           
             Several
             Cities
             revolt
             from
             Agathocles
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             309.
             
          
           
             P.
             731.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e407170
           
             P.
             ●●3
             .
             PREFACE
             .
          
           
             P
             ●●4
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             117.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             Agathocles
             
               intends
               to
               invade
            
             Africa
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             His
             Cruelty
             .
          
           
             P.
             735.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             *
             
               This
               was
               on
               the
               15
               of
               August
               .
               Ush
               .
               Ann.
               P.
            
             323.
             
             Justin
             .
             lib
             22.
             c.
             6.
             
             Eclipse
             of
             the
             Sun.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             Lands
             in
             Africa
             .
          
           
             P.
             736.
             
          
           
             Anti-Christ
             .
             308.
             
          
           
             Burns
             his
             Ships
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308
             
          
           
             *
             Samatho
             
               in
               the
            
             Punick
             Language
             
               White
               .
               His
               Successes
               in
            
             Africa
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             P.
             737.
             
          
           
             *
             〈◊〉
             ‑
             〈◊〉
             ,
             White
             Tunis
             .
          
           
             About
             250
             Miles
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             Hanno
             and
             Bomilcar
             made
             Generals
             .
          
           
             P.
             738
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
             Battle
             between
             the
             Carthaginians
             and
             Agathocles
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             His
             Stratagem
             of
             Owls
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             P.
             739.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             All
             sorts
             of
             Prayers
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
             P.
             740.
             
          
           
             Cruel
             Superstition
             .
          
           
             The
             actions
             at
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             380.
             
          
           
             P.
             741.
             
          
           
             *
             Pean
             ,
             a
             Song
             of
             Praise
             to
             Apollo
             for
             the
             Victory
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
             Acts
             of
             Agathocles
             in
             Africa
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308
             
          
           
             〈◊〉
             .
             〈◊〉
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             †
             Peonia
             is
             a
             part
             of
             Macedonia
             .
          
           
             Acts
             of
             Cassander
             in
             Macedonia
             .
          
           
             **
             Orbelus
             ,
             a
             Mountain
             in
             Macedon●s
          
           
             *
             Autariats
             ,
             a
             People
             of
             Dalmatia
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             Polysperchon
             seeks
             to
             restore
             Hercules
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Great
             .
          
           
             P.
             743.
             
          
           
             The
             miserable
             Destruction
             of
             Nicocles
             and
             his
             Family
             ,
             in
             Cyprus
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             *
             
               In
               the
            
             Cimmerian
             Bosphorus
             near
             Pontus
             Euxinus
             ,
             
               or
               in
            
             Taurica
             Chersonesus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             Thousand
             in
             the
             Margent
             .
          
           
             *
             Ariopharnes
             his
             Palace
             .
             P.
             744.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             P.
             745.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             *
             Running
             upon
             Four
             Wheels
             .
             The
             sad
             Death
             of
             Eumelus
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             308.
             
          
           
             *
             Musculus
             is
             little
             Mouse
             ,
             〈◊〉
             Mice
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             the
             Greek
             Italy
             is
             for
             Samnium
             ,
             and
             Italium
             for
             Talium
             .
          
           
             P.
             746.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             117.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             307.
             
          
           
             The
             Acts
             of
             Ptolemy
             in
             Cilicia
             ,
             and
             other
             Places
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             307.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             307.
             
          
           
             Polysperchon
             
               betrays
               and
               murders
            
             Hercules
             by
             Cassander
             '
             
               s
               Instigation
            
             .
          
           
             P.
             747.
             
          
           
             Amilcar
             taken
             ,
             and
             put
             to
             Death
             by
             the
             Syracusians
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             307.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             strong
             Fort
             near
             the
             Temple
             of
             
               Jupiter
               Olympus
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             Euryalus
             ,
             a
             Fort
             upon
             the
             highest
             Point
             of
             the
             Hill
             over
             the
             City
             call'd
             the
             Epipole
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             307.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             For
             that
             some
             made
             away
             even
             upon
             the
             appearance
             of
             the
             Enemy
             ,
             especially
             being
             penn'd
             up
             ,
             and
             in
             amaze
             through
             their
             Ignorance
             of
             the
             Places
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             307.
             
          
           
             P.
             748.
             
          
           
             Amilcar
             .
             
               Head
               sent
               〈◊〉
            
             Africa
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             C
             〈…〉
             
          
           
             The
             Agrigentines
             seek
             to
             Command
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             〈◊〉
             Ch.
             307.
             
          
           
             P.
             749.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             307.
             
          
           
             Megara
             in
             Sicily
             ,
             at
             the
             Foot
             of
             the
             Mountain
             Megara
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             307.
             
          
           
             *
             
               Archagathus
               ,
               Agathocles
            
             his
             Son
             ,
             kills
             Lysiscus
             ;
             all
             the
             Army
             Mutiny
             upon
             it
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             307.
             
          
           
             Agathocles
             his
             Stratagem
             〈◊〉
             deliver
             himself
             from
             his
             own
             Soldiers
             .
             P.
             750.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             30
             〈…〉
             
          
           
             Affairs
             in
             Italy
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             307.
             
          
           
             *
             About
             10
             miles
             .
          
           
             P.
             751.
             
          
           
             *
             About
             120
             miles
             .
          
           
             An
             〈…〉
             Ch.
             307.
             
             The
             Appian
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             *
             Such
             as
             had
             been
             Slaves
             ,
             and
             were
             see
             free
             .
          
           
             Olym.
             118.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             306.
             
             An.
             M.
             3642.
             
             The
             Acts
             of
             Ptolemy
             in
             Corinth
             and
             other
             places
             .
          
           
             *
             
             Alexander's
             〈◊〉
             Ant.
             Ch.
             306.
             
          
           
             P.
             752.
             
          
           
             Cleopatra
             kill'd
             by
             the
             Governour
             of
             Sardis
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             306.
             
             Agathocles
             .
             farther
             acts
             in
             Africa
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             306
             
          
           
             P.
             753
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             306.
             
          
           
             Ophellas
             Lord
             of
             Cyrene
             deco
             〈…〉
             and
             cut
             off
             by
             Agathocles
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             306.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             306.
             
          
           
             *
             About
             360.
             
             〈◊〉
             .
             P.
             754.
             
          
           
             Lamias
             Cave
             .
          
           
             *
             All
             her
             Children
             (
             they
             say
             )
             were
             kill'd
             by
             Juno
             because
             they
             were
             got
             by
             Iupiter
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             306.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             306
             
          
           
             Bomilcar
             ●sp
             〈…〉
             to
             b
             〈…〉
             〈◊〉
             of
             C●rthage
             ,
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             ,
             an
             is
             put
             to
             a
             〈…〉
             .
             P.
             755.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             306
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             306
             
          
           
             *
             Neopo
             〈…〉
             .
          
           
             *
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             ‑
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             306.
             
          
           
             P.
             756.
             
          
           
             Agathocles
             sends
             Spoils
             to
             Syracuse
             ,
             most
             lost
             in
             a
             Storm
             .
          
           
             Affairs
             of
             Italy
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             118.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             Demetrius
             set
             ,
             all
             the
             Cities
             in
             Greece
             free
             .
          
           
             Demetrius
             Phalerius
             
               flies
               into
            
             Aegypt
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             P.
             757.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             *
             Two
             Brothers
             that
             kill'd
             the
             Tyrant
             Hyparchus
             in
             
               Athens
               .
               Olymp.
               66.
               
               Thucid.
            
             Hist
             .
             Honours
             of
             Demetrius
             in
             Athens
             .
          
           
             *
             Every
             Medimna
             .
             18
             Gallons
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             30●
             .
             Demetrius
             :
             Voyage
             into
             Cyprus
             .
          
           
             Ptolemy's
             Brother
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             P.
             758.
             
          
           
             Demetrius
             his
             Engines
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             Ant
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             Ptolemy
             
               falls
               to
            
             Cyprus
             .
             P.
             759.
             
          
           
             *
             Men
             of
             War.
             
          
           
             Ant
             Ch.
             3●●
             .
          
           
             Sea
             Fi●ht
             between
             Ptolemy
             and
             Demetrius
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             P.
             760.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             P.
             671.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             Antigonus
             takes
             the
             Title
             of
             a
             King.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
             Utica
             .
          
           
             P.
             762.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             Sorts
             of
             People
             in
             Africa
          
           
             Xenodocus
             
               routed
               in
            
             Sicily
             .
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             305.
             
          
           
             P.
             763.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             Agathocles
             
               〈◊〉
               in
            
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             *
             without
             D
             〈…〉
             .
             Archagathus
             in
             Africa
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             Troy.
             
          
           
             *
             Pithecusae
             .
             i.
             e.
             
               The
               Cities
               of
            
             Apes
             .
             
               P.
               764.
               
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             305.
             
             Apes
             .
          
           
             *
             See
             Erasmus
             Adag
             .
             (
             Simiae
             Sanguinem
             profudisse
             .
             p.
             492
             referring
             to
             this
             place
             .
             Where
             this
             Proverb
             is
             applied
             to
             those
             that
             die
             a
             violent
             death
             .
             The
             Carthaginians
             draw
             out
             Thirty
             thousand
             Men
             out
             of
             Carthage
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             Eschrion
             
               b●aten
               by
               the
            
             Carthaginians
             .
             
               About
               60
               miles
            
             Eumachus
             
               Eaten
               by
               the
            
             Carthaginians
             
          
           
             P.
             765.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             Archagathus
             and
             his
             Army
             near
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305
             
          
           
             Agathocles
             his
             Victory
             at
             Sea.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             P.
             ●66
             .
          
           
             Leptines
             
               Routs
               the
            
             Agrigentines
             .
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             305.
             
          
           
             Agathocles
             Feasts
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             His
             jocund
             Temper
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             His
             Cruelty
             .
          
           
             P.
             767.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             Agathocles
             
               routed
               in
            
             Africa
             .
          
           
             Carthaginian
             
               Camp
               burns
            
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305
             
          
           
             Their
             farther
             Misfortune
             
          
           
             P.
             768.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             Misfortune
             to
             Agathocles
             his
             Camp.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             P.
             769.
             
          
           
             Agathocles
             in
             Bonds
             by
             his
             own
             Men.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             He
             steals
             out
             of
             Africa
             .
          
           
             *
             At
             the
             setting
             of
             the
             Pleiades
             or
             Seven
             Stars
             .
          
           
             His
             2
             Sons
             kill'd
             by
             the
             Soldiers
             .
          
           
             Peace
             made
             with
             the
             Carthaginians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             Moral
             〈◊〉
             ‑
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             Ant
             Ch
             305.
             
          
           
             Agathocles
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             Aegista
             
          
           
             P.
             770.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             305.
             
          
           
             His
             Cruelty
             a
             〈…〉
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             118.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             304.
             
          
           
             Antigonus
             his
             March
             into
             Aegypt
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             304.
             
             P.
             771.
             
          
           
             *
             About
             the
             begin
             〈◊〉
             of
             April
             .
          
           
             13
             Myriads
             of
             Medimnas
             ,
             every
             Medimna
             18
             Galions
             .
          
           
             Tempest
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             304.
             
          
           
             *
             Two
             Pounds
             ,
             
               i.
               e.
            
             6l
             .
             5s
             .
             of
             ours
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             304.
             
          
           
             P.
             772.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             304.
             
          
           
             Antigonus
             
               returns
               into
            
             Syria
             .
          
           
             This
             was
             19
             Years
             from
             the
             Death
             of
             Alexder
             .
          
           
             *
             See
             
               Aelian
               .
               Var.
            
             Hister
             L
             9.
             
             C.
             13.
             the
             Fatness
             of
             this
             Man.
             Ant.
             Ch.
             304.
             
          
           
             Dinocrates
             
               prevails
               in
            
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             P.
             773.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             304.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch
             304.
             
             Dinocrates
             st●nds
             of
             from
             A
             〈…〉
             nt
             with
             Agathocles
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             304.
             
          
           
             P.
             774.
             
          
           
             *
             Every
             
               Medi
               〈…〉
            
             is
             18
             〈…〉
             ns
             ,
             and
             Eight
             Gallons
             make
             a
             Bushel
             ;
             so
             that
             200
             Thousand
             Medimnas
             make
             500
             Thousand
             〈◊〉
             is
             .
          
           
             *
             Anagnite
             ,
             or
             Anagnini
             
             in
             ●●aly
             ,
             
               a
               City
               of
               the
            
             Hernicori
             .
          
           
             *
             Frutinum
             .
             
               Olymp.
               118.
               4.
               
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             303.
             
             Antigonus
             
               at
               War
               with
            
             Rhodes
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             303.
             
          
           
             P.
             775.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             303.
             
          
           
             Rhodes
             
               bes
               〈…〉
               by
            
             Demetrius
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             300.
             
          
           
             P.
             776.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             303.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             303.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             303.
             
          
           
             †
             Every
             Plethra
             a
             handred
             foot
             .
             P.
             777.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             303.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             303
             
          
           
             *
             The
             st
             〈…〉
             ing
             Rampart
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             303.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             303
             
          
           
             Agathocles
             routs
             Dinocrates
             .
          
           
             P.
             779.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             303.
             
          
           
             Dinocrates
             in
             favour
             with
             Agathocles
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             303
             
          
           
             Italy
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             119.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             3●●
             .
          
           
             S
             〈…〉
             of
             Rhodes
             .
             The
             City
             taken
             .
          
           
             *
             Instruments
             to
             turn
             the
             Engine
             .
             P.
             780.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             30●
             .
          
           
             *
             Artificial
             Covers
             over
             Mens
             Heads
             ,
             made
             of
             strong
             Timber
             covered
             over
             with
             raw
             S
             〈…〉
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             302.
             
          
           
             *
             Poliorches
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             302.
             
             P.
             781.
             
             The
             Acts
             of
             the
             Rhodian
             Sea-Captains
             .
          
           
             *
             Guard
             Ships
             
          
           
             *
             Carpathus
             ,
             an
             Island
             between
             Rhodes
             and
             Creete
             now
             Scarpanto
             .
          
           
             *
             〈◊〉
             
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             302.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             302.
             
          
           
             P.
             782.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             great
             Engine
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             30●
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Rams
             Heads
             .
          
           
             Ant
             Ch.
             302.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             Persian
             Measure
             ,
             something
             larger
             than
             a
             Medimna
             ,
             which
             is
             18
             Gallons
             
          
           
             P.
             783.
             
          
           
             *
             Engines
             to
             shoot
             Darts
             and
             Arrows
             .
          
           
             †
             Engines
             to
             shoot
             great
             Stones
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             302.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             302.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             302.
             
          
           
             P.
             784.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             302.
             
          
           
             *
             Standard
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             〈◊〉
             ,
             Pre
             〈…〉
             or
             Chief
             Magistrate
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             302.
             
          
           
             Peace
             made
             with
             the
             Rhodians
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             302.
             
          
           
             P.
             785.
             
          
           
             
               Vid.
               antea
            
             Olymp.
             17.
             3.
             how
             he
             di'd
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             302.
             
          
           
             Agathocles
             
               robs
               the
            
             Liparians
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             the
             Prytaneum
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             302.
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             119.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             301.
             
          
           
             Demetrius
             〈◊〉
             the
             Cities
             in
             Greece
             at
             Liberty
             .
          
           
             P.
             786.
             
          
           
             *
             In
             the
             Cittadel
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             301.
             
          
           
             *
             Palace
             .
          
           
             *
             Acro
             Corintho
             .
          
           
             †
             Antigonus
             his
             Protection
             ,
             who
             had
             assum'd
             the
             Title
             of
             King
             ,
             as
             is
             said
             before
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             301.
             
          
           
             P.
             787.
             
          
           
             The
             War
             between
             the
             Lucanians
             and
             Tarentines
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             301.
             
             Cleonymus
             the
             Spartan
             .
          
           
             *
             Metapontum
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             301
             
          
           
             Olymp.
             119.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             300.
             
             Cassander
             sends
             to
             make
             Peace
             with
             Antigonus
             .
          
           
             Antigonus
             his
             proud
             Answer
             .
             P.
             788.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             300.
             
          
           
             Lysimachus
             goes
             ●ver
             into
             Asia
             .
          
           
             *
             Antigonus
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             300.
             
          
           
             Antigonus
             
               marches
               against
            
             Lysimachus
             .
             Antigonia
             .
          
           
             P.
             789.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             300.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             300.
             
          
           
             P.
             790.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             300.
             
          
           
             Demetrius
             initiated
             .
          
           
             His
             Acts
             in
             Greece
             .
          
           
             *
             Cities
             in
             Thessaly
             .
          
           
             Armies
             of
             Demetrius
             and
             Cassander
             .
          
           
             Ant
             Ch.
             300
             
          
           
             Demetrius
             makes
             Peace
             with
             Cassander
             .
          
           
             P.
             791.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             300.
             
             Demetrius
             go●s
             to
             his
             Father
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             300.
             
          
           
             The
             Misfortunes
             of
             
               Pleistarchus
               Cassander's
            
             General
             at
             Sea.
             
          
           
             Seleucus
             .
             P.
             792.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e434300
           
             *
             Poets
             .
          
           
             *
             Coelum
             ,
             Heaven
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             Greek
             ,
             signifies
             Heaven
             .
          
           
             M●un
             :
             Cassius
             .
          
           
             *
             Alba
             is
             White
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             Olymp.
             119.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             299.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             At
             Issus
             :
             in
             Phrygia
             .
             Plut.
             in
             Pyrrhus
             Anian
             .
             lib.
             7.
             
          
           
             Agathocles
             frees
             Corcyra
             .
          
           
             Agathocles
             King
             of
             Sicily
             puts
             2000
             Mercenaries
             to
             the
             Sword.
             
          
           
             *
             Aetini
             ,
             
               People
               of
            
             Sicily
             .
             Agathocles
             takes
             Crotona
             in
             Italy
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             121.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             296.
             
          
           
             Agathocles
             
               again
               invades
            
             Italy
             .
          
           
             His
             Garison
             all
             M●rd●red
             .
          
           
             Demetrius
             takes
             Thebes
             .
          
           
             Agathocles
             Riggs
             a
             Fleet
             against
             Carthage
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             His
             Catamite
             .
             Menon
             ,
             his
             Catami●e
             .
          
           
             *
             Archagathus
             The
             son
             of
             Agathocles
             Murder'd
             .
          
           
             The
             manner
             of
             his
             Death
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             123.
             4.
             
             A.
             M.
             3798.
             
             His
             Life
             is
             notorious
             .
             vide
             Justin
             lib.
             22.
             23.
             his
             end
             otherwise
             rela●●d
             .
          
           
             The
             Mercenaries
             murder
             the
             Messinians
             in
             the
             Night
             .
          
           
             *
             Campania
             .
          
           
             *
             A●
             filthy
             ugly
             fellow
             kill'd
             by
             Achilles
             for
             his
             saucines
             by
             a
             box
             on
             the
             Ear.
             Hom.
             2.
             lib.
             Iliad
             .
          
           
             About
             the
             125
             ,
             or
             126.
             
             Olympiad
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             278.
             
          
           
             Decius
             puts
             all
             the
             Rhegians
             to
             death
             .
          
           
             Decius
             made
             blind
             by
             Cantharides
             .
          
           
             Petty
             Princes
             in
             Sicily
             ,
             at
             War
             one
             with
             another
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             129.
             3.
             4.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             360.
             
          
           
             The
             War
             between
             the
             Romans
             and
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             b●gan
             the
             124
             Olym.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             279.
             
          
           
             This
             Island
             was
             part
             of
             the
             City
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             Py●●hus
             
               comes
               into
            
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Marches
             to
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             *
             Part
             of
             the
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             Something
             here
             wanting
             ,
             for
             it
             seems
             to
             have
             no
             coherence
             with
             what
             is
             precedent
             or
             subsequent
             .
          
           
             About
             〈◊〉
             〈…〉
             cond
             Olymp
             125.
             
             Ant.
             Ch
             279.
             
             
               Vid.
               Justin
               .
               lib.
               24.
               
               C.
            
             6
             ,
             7
             ,
             8.
             
             The
             Gauls
             make
             an
             inroad
             into
             Macedonia
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             Myriad
             is
             Ten
             thousand
             .
             Brennus
             kill
             .
             himself
             .
             The
             Gauls
             all
             perish
             .
             The
             Acts
             of
             Pyrrhus
             in
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Aeryx
             taken
             by
             Storm
             by
             Pyrrhus
             .
          
           
             Panormus
             taken
             by
             S
             〈…〉
             m.
             
          
           
             
               ●il
               .
               b●um
            
             〈◊〉
             
          
           
             Myla
             and
             Amesalus
             tataken
             by
             Storm
             by
             Hiero.
             
          
           
             *
             Or
             Centuripians
             .
             vid.
             postea
             .
          
           
             Agyreans
             
               the
               City
            
             Agurius
             .
          
           
             *
             Seems
             to
             be
             mistaken
             .
          
           
             The
             Mamertines
             
               routed
               by
            
             Hiero
             
               King
               of
            
             Syracuse
             .
          
           
             *
             Mistaken
             I
             co
             〈…〉
             ,
             〈◊〉
             before
             Fol.
             Precedent
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             129.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             262.
             
             The
             b●ginning
             of
             the
             first
             Punick
             War.
             
          
           
             Call'd
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             Cubiles
             or
             Lodging
             places
             .
             
               Appius
               Cladius
            
             sent
             into
             
               Sicily
               .
               Messina
            
             besieg'd
             by
             the
             Carthaginians
             and
             Hiero.
             
          
           
             Or
             Centurippians
             ,
             their
             Town
             call'd
             Centuripinum
             The
             People
             now
             call'd
             Centoruans
             .
             Peace
             made
             between
             Hiero
             and
             the
             
               Romans
               .
               Olymp.
            
             129.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             261.
             
             A
             Drac●ma
             is
             7
             pence
             farthing
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Olymp.
             129
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             259.
             
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             what
             value
             .
          
           
             *
             Drapanum
             upon
             the
             Promontory
             ,
             Drapanum
             near
             Erix
             .
          
           
             *
             An.
             M.
             3694.
             
             This
             was
             
               Attilius
               Regulus
            
             ,
             that
             was
             routed
             and
             taken
             ,
             with
             15000
             Men
             ,
             and
             30000
             slain
             .
             
               Eutrop.
               Urb.
            
             Condit
             .
             477.
             
             Ch.
             255.
             lib.
             2.
             
             Olym.
             131.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             255.
             
          
           
             A
             S●●pwrack
             of
             the
             Romans
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             132.
             1.
             
             Ant
             Ch
             249.
             
             Caecilius
             routs
             the
             Carth●ginians
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             Long
             Ships
             -
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Lil●beum
             resi●g'd
             by
             the
             Romans
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Call'd
             by
             the
             
               Romans
               ,
               Testudines
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Adherbal
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Th●
             Romans
             beaten
             at
             Sea
             by
             the
             Carthaginians
             .
          
           
             Note
             :
             Not
             one
             Man
             lost
             in
             a
             great
             Sea-fight
             .
          
           
             The
             Romans
             beaten
             again
             at
             Sea.
             
          
           
             A
             Storm
             upon
             the
             Romans
             ,
             who
             lost
             105
             Gallies
             ,
             and
             all
             their
             Transport-Ships
             .
          
           
             *
             Now
             call'd
             Marsala
             .
          
           
             *
             Now
             call'd
             Trapano
             .
          
           
             *
             
               Hieronesus
               ,
               Polyb.
               l.
            
             1.
             one
             of
             the
             Lypari
             Islands
             near
             Sicily
             ,
             dedicated
             to
             Aeolus
             and
             Vulcan
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             The
             end
             of
             the
             first
             Punick
             War
             ,
             Olymp.
             134.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             240.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             This
             was
             the
             great
             Rebellion
             in
             Africk
             against
             Carthage
             ,
             and
             Matho
             and
             Spendius
             ,
             which
             War
             continu'd
             three
             year
             .
             
               Vid.
               Polyb
               .
               l.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             *
             Now
             Cadiz
             or
             Cales
             ,
             in
             the
             Streights
             .
          
           
             Tarseites
             ,
             of
             Tarseium
             ;
             A
             City
             near
             Hercules
             Pillars
             in
             the
             Streights
             ,
             now
             not
             in
             being
             .
          
           
             Amilcar
             overcomes
             Indortes
             the
             Prince
             of
             ●he
             Celtae
             .
             These
             Celtae
             a
             People
             of
             
               Spain
               .
               Indortes
            
             Crucify'd
             .
          
           
             *
             Acra
             Leuca
             now
             St.
             Leucar
             .
             
               probable
               .
               r.
            
             
          
           
             *
             now
             not
             in
             being
             .
          
           
             Amilcar
             
               drown'd
               in
            
             Spain
             .
          
           
             Gr.
             
          
           
             Asdrubal
             Assassinated
             in
             Spain
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             138.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             223.
             
             A
             War
             between
             the
             Celtae
             and
             the
             Romans
             .
          
           
             Hanniball
             .
          
           
             The
             beginning
             of
             the
             Second
             Punick
             War
             which
             continued
             17
             Years
             .
             Olymp.
             1140.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             216.
             
             Seguntum
             taken
             in
             Spain
             .
          
           
             Plin.
             lib.
             35.
             
             C.
             8.
             
             Praxitiles
             .
             Plin.
             lib.
             36.
             
             C.
             5.
             
             Plin.
             35.
             10.
             
             Appelles
             and
             Parrasius
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             The
             folly
             of
             Nature
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             People
             in
             the
             Island
             of
             
               Corcyra
               .
            
             ,
             or
             Corfu
             .
             What
             a
             Lagi●n
             is
             .
          
           
             Earthquake
             :
             in
             Rhodes
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Sung
             the
             Swans
             Song
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             154.
             1.
             
             The
             miserable
             condition
             of
             Perseus
             King
             of
             Macedon
             .
          
           
             *
             One
             of
             the
             City
             Praetors
             .
          
           
             *
             〈…〉
             of
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             *
             
             〈◊〉
             The
             death
             of
             
               P
               〈…〉
               s.
            
             
             
             the
             Cappadocian
             Kings
             .
          
           
             Cr.
             
          
           
             *
             For
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ;
             Valour
             ,
             others
             say
             it
             should
             be
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ;
             Cowardice
             .
          
           
             Holofernes
             .
          
           
             *
             Gr.
             having
             no
             legal
             Issue
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Rather
             Fulvius
             .
             Olymp.
             156
             ,
             4.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             151.
             
          
           
             *
             Lusitanians
             .
             now
             Portugals
             .
          
           
             *
             Araucians
             ,
             
               now
               of
            
             Aurang
             
          
           
             
               This
               was
            
             Alexander
             Epiphanes
             
               King
               of
            
             Syria
             ,
             
               and
               this
               Battle
               was
               with
            
             Ptolometor
             ,
             near
             Antioch
             .
             Olymp.
             158.
             3.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
               144.
               
               See
            
             Mac.
             1.
             
             Mac.
             10.
             c.
             Joseph
             .
             lib.
             13.
             c.
             8.
             
          
           
             Strange
             Stories
             of
             
               Hermaphrodites
               .
               Heraides
            
             became
             a
             Man.
             
          
           
             Alexander
             '
             
               s
               Camp.
            
             
          
           
             *
             In
             Peloponnesus
             .
          
           
             *
             Probe
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             158●
             .
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             146.
             
             Massinissa
             
               hit
               strength
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Every
             Plethrum
             is
             an
             hundred
             Foot
             :
             some
             make
             it
             the
             same
             with
             an
             Acre
             .
          
           
             *
             Portugals
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             158.
             4.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             143.
             
          
           
             
               Antiochus
               Sedates
               .
               Olymp
            
             126.
             2.
             
             Strange
             stories
             of
             the
             Jews
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             161.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             133.
             
             The
             Servile
             War
             in
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             G
             :
          
           
             The
             cruelty
             of
             the
             Slaves
             .
          
           
             Damophilus
             cruelly
             murther'd
             .
          
           
             *
             Eunus
             ,
             signifying
             in
             Greek
             ,
             kind
             .
          
           
             Megallis
             murther'd
             
          
           
             Another
             defection
             of
             the
             Slaves
             .
          
           
             Gr.
             Olymp.
             162.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             130.
             
          
           
             In
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             168.
             4.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             193.
             
          
           
             *
             New
             France
             .
          
           
             Rebellion
             in
             
               Sicily
               ,
               Olymp.
            
             161.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             133.
             
          
           
             *
             In
             Campania
             in
             Italy
             Nine
             Miles
             from
             the
             Sea.
             Minutius
             a
             Roman
             Knight
             head
             of
             a
             Rebellion
             of
             the
             Slaves
             in
             Italy
             .
             1309l
             .
             10●
             .
             Sterling
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Company
             consisting
             of
             100
             〈◊〉
             of
             which
             the
             Captain
             was
             called
             a
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             Varius
             the
             beginner
             of
             another
             defection
             in
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             169.
             1.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             103.
             
             Florus
             lib.
             3.
             c.
             19.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             A
             Proverb
             ,
             for
             all
             Kinds
             of
             Miseries
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             Trophon
             ,
             rather
             an
             ancient
             Soothsayer
             ,
             who
             liv'd
             in
             a
             Cave
             ,
             into
             which
             whosoever
             descended
             ,
             he
             never
             laught
             afterwards
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Castle
             at
             Tricala
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             
               Roman
               Toga
               Praetexta
            
             ,
             which
             was
             White
             .
          
           
             **
             The
             Coat
             was
             the
             Roman
             Tunick
             ,
             Embroidred
             with
             large
             Studs
             of
             Gold
             or
             Purple
             ,
             called
             Nails
             ,
             and
             the
             Garment
             
               Tunica
               laticlevia
               .
               Olymp.
            
             169.
             3.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             102.
             
          
           
             *
             Marcus
             Aquilius
             .
          
           
             *
             This
             Rhea
             is
             said
             to
             be
             the
             Mother
             of
             the
             Gods.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             
               Cynanchino
               Morbo
            
             ,
             Or
             a
             Dog's
             Disease
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             The
             Confederate
             War
             of
             the
             
               Marsi
               .
               Olymp.
            
             172.
             2.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             89.
             
          
           
             *
             Julius
             Caesar
             Gr.
             170.
             
             Olymp.
             
               Others
               say
            
             172.
             
          
           
             *
             Still
             being
             14
             Miles
             from
             Naples
             .
          
           
             *
             Cortinium
             in
             Italy
             a
             City
             of
             the
             Peligni
             ,
             now
             call'd
             Pienza
             under
             the
             Duke
             of
             Florence
             .
          
           
             Pompey
             .
          
           
             An
             Isthmus
             in
             Italy
             call'd
             Calabria
             .
          
           
             The
             War
             between
             Sylia
             and
             
               Marius
               .
               Olymp.
            
             174.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             80.
             
             Or
             rather
             Aphroditus
             .
             Beautiful
             .
          
           
             The
             War
             between
             Caesar
             and
             Pompey
             ,
             which
             continu'd
             Four
             years
             ,
             Olymp.
             182.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             47.
             
          
           
             Augustus
             Emperor
             .
          
           
             This
             was
             long
             before
             in
             time
             ,
             and
             therefore
             comes
             in
             here
             with
             relation
             to
             some
             other
             Matter
             before
             related
             ,
             but
             now
             lost
             .
             For
             this
             Sedition
             was
             in
             173.
             
             Olymp.
             Ant.
             Ch.
             86
             
          
           
             *
             Danes
             .
          
           
             The
             Nation
             of
             the
             Jews
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             who
             heard
             these
             thing
             from
             God.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e454040
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             De
             Legationibus
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e454290
           
             Castor
             and
             Pollux
             ,
             two
             of
             the
             Captains
             ,
             with
             the
             
               Argonauts
               An.
               M.
            
             2714.
             in
             the
             time
             of
             Abimelech
             .
          
           
             *
             King
             of
             Elis.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             brazen
             Bridge
             ,
             over
             which
             he
             drave
             a
             Chariot
             to
             imitate
             Thunder
             .
             
               Virg.
               Ened
            
             .
             Lib.
             6.
             
          
           
             Aeneas
             ,
             An.
             M.
             2764.
             
             Helv
             ,
             
               in
               time
               of
            
             Ebzan
             ,
             7
             Jud.
             12.
             9.
             
             
               The
               destruction
               of
            
             Troy.
             Ush
             .
             Ann.
             
               says
               in
            
             2820
             ,
             
               in
               the
               time
               of
            
             Jeptha
             
               was
               next
               before
            
             Ebzan
             ,
             
               before
               Ch.
            
             1184.
             408
             
             
               Years
               before
               the
               first
            
             Olymp.
             Romulus
             Silvius
             .
          
           
             Malachus
             .
          
           
             Lycurgus
             ,
             before
             Ch.
             884.
             
             In
             the
             time
             of
             Jehu
             .
          
           
             Eleans
             .
          
           
             Romulus
             Remus
             .
          
           
             
               Polychares
               .
               Eucephnus
            
             .
             This
             was
             one
             of
             the
             occasions
             of
             the
             first
             Messenian
             War.
             See
             Sir
             
               Walter
               Rawley's
            
             His
             of
             the
             World.
             Lib.
             2.
             1
             part
             ,
             Cap.
             27.
             
             Sect.
             4
             Began
             the
             9.
             
             Olympiad
             .
             2.
             end
             d
             14
             Olymp.
             5
             began
             and
             ended
             in
             the
             time
             of
             Hezekiah
             Before
             Christ
             ,
             741.
             
             Justin
             ,
             lib.
             3.
             
             Paus
             .
             lib.
             4.
             c.
             4.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             Instead
             of
             (
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             )
             Not
             obtaining
             Justice
             as
             some
             say
             .
             Vid.
             Notes
             upon
             Paus
             .
             L.
             4.
             c.
             4.
             
             
               Archias
               .
               Actaeon
            
             .
             This
             was
             a
             little
             before
             the
             first
             Messenian
             War.
             Ant.
             Ch.
             741.
             
             So
             
               Petavius
               de
               Rac.
               Tempor
            
             .
             c.
             12.
             
          
           
             *
             Actaeon
             was
             torn
             in
             pieces
             by
             his
             own
             Dogs
             .
             Agathocles
             .
          
           
             Numa
             Pompilius
             .
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             712.
             15
             
             
               Tear
               of
            
             Hezek
             .
             Deioces
             .
          
           
             Siberites
             .
          
           
             Myndirites
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             Faulkners
             .
          
           
             Hippomenes
             .
             
               Her
               name
               was
            
             Limone
             .
             See
             Ovid.
             Epist
             .
             in
             Ibis
             .
             Solaque
             Limone
             paenam
             ne
             senserit
             illam
             ;
             Et
             tua
             dente
             ferox
             ,
             viscera
             carpit
             equus
             .
             
               Time
               of
            
             Heze
             .
             
               6th
               Year
            
             .
          
           
             Arcesilaus
             .
          
           
             Demonax
             .
          
           
             *
             
               A
               City
               in
            
             Arcadia
             .
          
           
             Lucius
             Tarquinius
             .
          
           
             Solon
             .
             Before
             Christ
             622.
             
             In
             the
             time
             of
             Josias
             King
             of
             Judah
             .
          
           
             Myso
             .
          
           
             Chilo
             ,
             Wise
             Man.
             
          
           
             Pittacus
             ,
             Wise
             Man.
             Flourished
             about
             the
             42
             Olympiad
             .
          
           
             *
             Which
             will
             never
             be
             .
          
           
             Bias
             ,
             Wise
             Man.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Cyrus
             .
          
           
             Astyages
             .
          
           
             Cyrus
             .
          
           
             Adrastus
             .
          
           
             Croesus
             .
          
           
             Servius
             Tullius
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             61.
             
             Pythagoras
             .
          
           
             The
             Pythagorians
             .
             Love
             and
             Kindness
             one
             to
             another
             .
          
           
             Phintias
             and
             Damon
             willing
             to
             dye
             one
             for
             another
             .
          
           
             Oath
             .
          
           
             Cylo
             .
          
           
             Lysis
             .
          
           
             Cambyses
             .
          
           
             Cambyses
             .
          
           
             Cambyses
             .
          
           
             Polycrates
             .
          
           
             Zeno
             and
             Nearchus
             .
             This
             is
             cited
             in
             Valesius
             his
             Notes
             upon
             
               Ammianus
               Marcellin
            
             .
             lib.
             14.
             c.
             9
             p.
             46.
             
             The
             new
             Edition
             .
          
           
             Sextus
             Tarquinius
             .
             Lucretia
             .
             Olymp.
             66.
             3.
             
             
               An.
               M●n
               .
               3436
               Ant.
               Ch.
               512.
               
               T●mpore
            
             D●rij
             Hystaspis
             .
          
           
             Hippocrates
             .
          
           
             Thero
             .
          
           
             *
             At
             the
             Battle
             of
             
               Issus
               Olymp
            
             .
             119.
             4.
             
             B●fore
             Ch.
             302.
             
             Plut.
             in
             Demetrius
             .
          
           
             Cimon
             .
          
           
             Timaeus
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             Potters
             Son.
             
          
           
             Callias
             .
          
           
             The
             Mamettines
             .
          
           
             Demetrius
             .
          
           
             *
             Antiochus
             Soter
             .
          
           
             Decius
             .
          
           
             Phintias
             .
          
           
             Ptolemy
             Ceraunus
             .
             Vid.
             Justin
             .
             
               lib.
               17.
               
               &
            
             25.
             
             Olymp
             125.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             279.
             
             Ush
             .
             Ann.
             Apollodorus
             .
          
           
             Apollodorus
             
               King
               of
            
             Cassandria
             in
             Macedonia
             .
          
           
             Pyrrhus
             cited
             by
             
               Ush
               .
               An.
            
             353.
             
             Before
             Christ
             273.
             
          
           
             *
             Attilius
             Regulus
             .
             Olymp.
             131.
             1.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
               254.
               
               First
               Punick
               War.
            
             Polyb.
             lib.
             1.
             
          
           
             Publius
             Clodius
             .
          
           
             Hanno
             .
          
           
             *
             Hecatompylus
             ,
             
               a
               City
               in
            
             Thebes
             in
             Aegypt
             .
          
           
             Hanno
             .
          
           
             The
             Wife
             of
             Attalus
             her
             Cruelty
             .
          
           
             Gr.
             Bodostor
             .
          
           
             The
             War
             with
             the
             Mercenaries
             by
             th●
             Carthaginians
             .
          
           
             Mercenaries
             Cruelty
             .
          
           
             Uticans
             Revolt
             .
          
           
             Hamilcar
             ▪
             Barca
             .
          
           
             Hannibal
             .
          
           
             Dorimarchus
             .
          
           
             Hannibal
             .
          
           
             Hannibal
             
          
           
             Hieronymus
             King
             of
             Syracuse
             Murther'd
             by
             his
             Subjects
             .
          
           
             Hieronymus
             .
          
           
             Marcellus
             .
          
           
             Cruelty
             of
             the
             Carthaginians
             .
          
           
             Nabis
             .
          
           
             Cretian
             Pyrats
             .
          
           
             Pleminius
             robs
             Proserpina's
             Temple
             .
          
           
             Sophonisba
             .
          
           
             Hannibal's
             Cruelty
             .
          
           
             Hannibal
             .
          
           
             Scipio
             .
          
           
             Philip
             King
             of
             Macedon
             This
             was
             Philip
             the
             Father
             of
             Perseus
             the
             last
             King
             of
             
               Macedon
               .
               Philip
            
             King
             of
             Macedon
             .
             The
             same
             Philip
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             Persia
             .
             See
             this
             Story
             in
             1
             
               Mac.
               c.
            
             6.
             v.
             1
             ,
             2
             ,
             3.
             
          
           
             Philip
             
               King
               of
            
             Macedon
             .
          
           
             *
             Or
             Pergamus
             ,
             one
             of
             the
             Seven
             Churches
             of
             Asia
             .
          
           
             Philip.
             
          
           
             Philip.
             
          
           
             Heraclides
             .
          
           
             Hannibal
             .
          
           
             Ptolemy
             .
          
           
             Ush
             .
             An.
             374.
             
             Before
             Ch.
             202.
             
             Ush
             .
             An.
             403.
             
          
           
             *
             Hemlock
             .
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Antiochus
             Magnus
             .
          
           
             Titus
             Flaminius
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             Thessaly
             
          
           
             Antiochus
             
          
           
             *
             Of
             Chalcis
             ,
             Daughter
             of
             
               Cleoptolemus
               Ush
               .
               An.
            
             386
             before
             Ch.
             193.
             
          
           
             Antiochus
             
          
           
             Antiochus
             .
          
           
             *
             Lysimachia
             
               in
               the
            
             Hellespont
             .
          
           
             *
             Chief
             Justice
             ,
             or
             Governor
             of
             a
             Province
             ,
             or
             Chief
             Commander
             in
             an
             Army
             .
          
           
             Antiochus
             .
             1
             Mac.
             
               c
               ▪
               6.
               r.
            
             1
             ,
             2
             ,
             3.
             
          
           
             Philopemenes
             .
          
           
             Scipio
             .
          
           
             Leocritus
             ,
             Pharnaces
             
               his
               General
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Pius
             ,
             rather
             Teios
             .
             Ush
             .
             An.
             403.
             
               before
               Ch.
            
             180.
             
          
           
             Seleucus
             .
          
           
             Demetrius
             the
             Son
             of
             Philip
             King
             of
             Macedon
             ,
             the
             Father
             of
             Perseus
             .
             See
             
               Livy
               ,
               lib.
            
             40.
             
             This
             Cruelty
             of
             the
             Father
             upon
             his
             Son
             by
             his
             Brother
             Perseus
             his
             Contrivance
             .
             Olymp.
             149
             Tiberius
             Gracchus
             .
             Paulus
             Aemilius
             .
          
           
             Antiochus
             the
             Third
             .
          
           
             *
             Called
             Tebenna
             .
          
           
             Eumenes
             Attalus
             .
             Ush
             .
             An
             412.
             
          
           
             Cotys
             .
          
           
             Perseus
             .
          
           
             *
             This
             is
             omitted
             in
             the
             Greek
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Charopus
             .
          
           
             *
             Phacion
             or
             Phacus
             ,
             a
             Town
             in
             Thessaly
             .
          
           
             Eumenes
             Pytho
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             Thessaly
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             Macedonia
             .
          
           
             *
             Cydoniats
             their
             Cruelty
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Inhabitants
             of
             Cydonia
             ,
             an
             Island
             near
             Lesbos
             .
          
           
             
               Ush
               .
               An
            
             418.
             before
             Ch.
             169.
             
          
           
             *
             Apollonia
             ,
             a
             City
             in
             Asia
             upon
             the
             Sea
             Coasts
             ,
             another
             in
             Thrace
             .
             This
             Apollonia
             is
             in
             Creet
             .
          
           
             
               Ush
               An
            
             418.
             
             Before
             Ch.
             169.
             
          
           
             Ptolemy
             Pholometor
             .
             Ush
             .
             An.
             420.
             
             
               Before
               Ch.
            
             169.
             
          
           
             *
             Eulaius
             .
          
           
             Perseus
             his
             Covetousness
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             Province
             of
             Thrace
             near
             
               Macedo
               ;
               i
               1.
            
             
          
           
             Paulus
             Aemilius
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Great
             .
          
           
             Alexander
             .
          
           
             *
             Scipio
             .
          
           
             Publius
             Africanus
             .
          
           
             Aemilius
             .
          
           
             The
             Generosity
             of
             the
             Romans
             .
          
           
             Antiochus
             Epiphanes
             .
          
           
             
               Antiochus
               Epiphanes
            
             Ant.
             Ch.
             173.
             about
             the
             time
             of
             
               Judas
               Macchabaeus
               .
               Ush
            
             .
             An.
             438.
             
             Before
             Ch.
             164.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             Lictor
             .
          
           
             Ush
             .
             An.
             438.
             
             Before
             Ch.
             164.
             
          
           
             Ptolemy
             Philometor
             .
          
           
             Every
             Stone
             was
             a
             Mile
             ;
             Two
             hundred
             Furlongs
             .
          
           
             Antipater
             .
          
           
             Ariarathes
             
               King
               of
            
             Thrace
             
          
           
             *
             A
             Country
             in
             Asia
             bordering
             upon
             the
             Greater
             
               Armenia
               .
               Ush
            
             .
             An.
             458.
             
             Before
             Ch.
             161.
             
             The
             death
             of
             
               Paulus
               Aemilius
            
             .
          
           
             
               Ariarathes
               Mithrobuzanes
            
             one
             of
             the
             Sons
             of
             Zadriades
             King
             of
             the
             lesser
             Armenia
             .
          
           
             *
             Iberia
             .
          
           
             *
             Portions
             .
          
           
             *
             Portions
             .
          
           
             *
             Ptolemy
             Philometer
             .
          
           
             Charopus
             .
          
           
             Orofernes
             ,
             
               King
               of
            
             Capadocia
             .
             Ush
             .
             An.
             460.
             
             Before
             Ch.
             160.
             
          
           
             *
             Euergetes
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             the
             City
             
               Ladithus
               .
               Ush
            
             .
             An.
             465.
             
             Before
             Ch.
             159.
             
          
           
             Orofernes
             .
             Ush
             .
             
               An.
               ib.
               Before
            
             Ch.
             159.
             
          
           
             Prusias
             .
          
           
             *
             Pergamus
             .
          
           
             A
             City
             in
             one
             of
             the
             Cyclides
             ,
             call'd
             Syphus
             .
             now
             hear
             Crete
             .
          
           
             Philip.
             
          
           
             *
             Colonel
             .
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Scipio
             .
          
           
             Pseudophilippus
             ,
             call'd
             Andriscus
             .
             Liv.
             Book
             50.
             
             Flor.
             
               Hist
               .
               lib.
               2.
               c.
            
             14.
             
             Orosius
             
               lib.
               4.
               c.
            
             22.
             
             Ush
             .
             
               An.
               469.
               
               Before
            
             Ch.
             149.
             
             P.
             Scipio
             .
          
           
             *
             Lucius
             Calpurnius
             ,
             Piso
             .
          
           
             Scipio
             .
          
           
             *
             Divine
             .
             Julius
             Cesar
             ,
             rebuilt
             Corinth
             .
          
           
             
               A
               part
               of
            
             Spain
             now
             Portugal
             .
          
           
             C.
             Plautius
             .
          
           
             Vid.
             Liv
             lib.
             40.
             
             Alexander
             of
             Syria
             ,
             call'd
             Alexander
             Belas
             
               a
               Counterfeit
               Son
               of
            
             Antiochus
             Epiphanes
             .
             See
             Joseph
             .
             
               lib.
               13.
               c.
            
             8.
             
          
           
             *
             
               In
               the
            
             Greek
             
               it
               is
            
             Aegypt
             ,
             
               but
               mistaken
               I
               conceive
            
             .
             Demetrius
             Nicanor
             ,
             
               Son
               of
            
             Demetrius
             Soter
             .
             Josephus
             ib.
             1
             Mac.
             11.
             
             Olymp.
             158.
             
             An.
             1.
             
          
           
             *
             One
             Lastlienes
             .
          
           
             Ush
             .
             An.
             475.
             
             Before
             Ch.
             145.
             
          
           
             *
             Of
             Alexander
             Balas
             ,
             
               who
               pretended
               to
               be
               the
               Son
               of
            
             Antiochus
             Epiphanes
             .
             Josephus
             
               lib.
               13.
               c.
            
             3.
             1
             
             Mac.
             101.
             
             Ush
             .
             An.
             465.
             
          
           
             *
             Of
             Aradus
             Island
             .
          
           
             *
             Of
             Marathum
             in
             Phaenicia
             .
             Ush
             .
             
               An.
               471.
               
               Before
               Ch.
            
             140.
             
             Diodor.
             Sicul.
             Legat.
             29.
             
             Strabo
             
               lib.
               16.
               
               P.
            
             753.
             
          
           
             
               Ptolemy
               Physco
               .
               Valesius
            
             Fragm
             .
             cited
             by
             Ush
             .
             An.
             493.
             c.
             475.
             
             His
             Mercenaries
             set
             his
             Palace
             on
             Fire
             .
             Justin
             Lib.
             38.
             
             Orosius
             lib.
             5.
             c.
             10.
             
          
           
             *
             Here
             's
             something
             wanting
             .
          
           
             Demetrius
             Nicator
             .
             Ush
             .
             
               An.
               476.
               
               Before
               Ch.
            
             144.
             
          
           
             Ptolemy
             Physco
             .
          
           
             Ptolemy
             .
          
           
             Diegylis
             his
             Cruelty
             .
          
           
             Diegulis
             ki●
             Cruelty
             .
          
           
             Quintus
             Pompey
             .
          
           
             *
             Lagnetum
             in
             Africa
             .
          
           
             Arsases
             .
          
           
             Ush
             .
             An.
             480.
             before
             Ch.
             142.
             
          
           
             Ush
             .
             An.
             481.
             
          
           
             Ptolemy
             .
          
           
             *
             Physco
             ,
             Nastiness
             .
             Ush
             .
             An.
             483.
             
          
           
             Mareus
             Aemllius
             .
          
           
             Olymp.
             161.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
               133.
               
               The
               servile
               War
               by
            
             Eunus
             .
             vid
             Frag.
             Diodor
             .
             in
             Photius
             lib.
             34.
             
               in
               my
               Translation
            
             .
             f.
             57.
             
             Orosius
             .
             Lib.
             5.
             c.
             9.
             
          
           
             *
             
               Base
               Brother
               to
            
             Attalus
             
               King
               of
            
             Pergamus
             .
             Velleius
             Paterc
             .
             Lib.
             2.
             c.
             4.
             
             Luc.
             Fl.
             Lib.
             2.
             c.
             ult
             .
             vid.
             Ush
             
               An
               489.
               
               Wanting
            
             .
          
           
             Damopilus
             his
             Luxury
             and
             Cruelty
             to
             his
             Servants
             .
          
           
             Damophilus
             .
          
           
             Demophilus
             
          
           
             Eunus
             .
          
           
             Cleon
             a
             Slave
             raises
             a
             commotion
             in
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Attalus
             ki●
             Cruelty
             .
          
           
             Tiberius
             Gracchus
             .
          
           
             Syrian
             Slaves
             .
          
           
             The
             Senate
             of
             Rome
             send
             Ambassadors
             to
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Now
             Georgeto
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Naples
             .
          
           
             The
             Love
             of
             a
             Father
             and
             a
             Son.
             
          
           
             Zibelmius
             his
             Cruelty
             .
          
           
             *
             Tereus
             a
             King
             of
             Thrace
             .
             See
             the
             Story
             of
             
               Tereus
               Progne
            
             and
             
               Philomela
               ,
               Ovid
               ,
               Met.
               Lib.
            
             6.
             
             His
             punishment
             by
             his
             own
             Subjects
             .
          
           
             *
             Thyestes
             Feasted
             by
             his
             Brother
             Atreus
             King
             of
             Mycena
             ,
             with
             his
             own
             Sons
             begotten
             upon
             Atreus
             his
             Wife
             .
             
               Ovid.
               Met.
            
             
          
           
             Ptolemy
             Physco
             
               his
               barbarous
               Cruelty
            
             .
             Justin
             .
             c.
             8.
             39.
             
             Livy
             .
             Olymp.
             162.
             4.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             130.
             
             Val.
             Max.
             lib.
             9.
             c.
             2.
             
             
               This
               of
            
             Vales.
             
               Prag
               .
               cited
               by
            
             Ush
             .
             An.
             494.
             
             Atheneus
             
               cited
               by
            
             Ush
             .
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             128.
             
             Hegelocus
             Marsyas
             .
             See
             Ush
             .
             An.
             495.
             
             Valesius
             
               his
               Fragments
               cited
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             139.
             
          
           
             Euemerus
             .
          
           
             Alexander
             Zabinas
             cited
             Ush
             .
             An.
             498.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             124.
             
          
           
             *
             Revolted
             from
             him
             to
             
               Seleucus
               Demetrius
            
             ,
             Son
             of
             
               Nicanor
               .
               Caius
               Sextius
            
             .
          
           
             Alexander
             Ush
             .
             An.
             498.
             
               this
               cited
            
             .
          
           
             
               Lucius
               Vitellius
            
             his
             Treachery
             to
             his
             Friend
             .
             
               C.
               Gracchus
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Vid.
             Plin.
             Nat.
             Hist
             .
             lib.
             33.
             c.
             3.
             
          
           
             Jugurtha
             and
             Adherbal
             Two
             Brothers
             Kings
             at
             War.
             
          
           
             Scipio
             Nascica
             
               his
               Commendation
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Chairmen
             or
             Speakers
             .
          
           
             Antiochus
             Cyzicenus
             ,
             
               cited
               by
            
             Ush
             .
             An.
             500.
             
          
           
             Mecipsa
             ,
             a
             King
             of
             Numidia
             ;
             a
             mild
             and
             learned
             Prince
             .
          
           
             Contoniatus
             .
          
           
             Caius
             Marius
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Proconsul
             .
          
           
             The
             Slaves
             in
             Scicily
             and
             others
             ,
             their
             Cruelties
             .
          
           
             Saturninus
             .
          
           
             The
             Roman
             Manners
             degenerated
             .
          
           
             *
             Of
             Falerinus
             in
             Campania
             ,
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Naples
             ,
             now
             call'd
             
               Terra
               di
               Lavaro
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Every
             Drachma
             Seven
             pence
             half-peny
             ,
             so
             100
             Drachmas
             is
             3l
             .
             2s
             .
             6d
             .
          
           
             Mucius
             Scaevola
             ,
             
               his
               Virtues
            
             .
             Ush
             .
             An.
             509.
             
             Cited
             .
          
           
             *
             Publius
             Rutilius
             Rufus
             .
          
           
             Mucius
             Scaevola
             .
             Ush
             .
             
               An.
               cited
            
             509.
             
          
           
             Mucius
             Scaevola
             .
             Ush
             .
             
               An.
               ibid.
            
             
          
           
             Lucius
             Asellius
             .
             
               a
               prudent
               Governor
               of
            
             Sicily
             .
          
           
             Asilius
             .
          
           
             M.
             Livius
             Drusus
             .
          
           
             Pompaedius
             ,
             General
             of
             the
             Martians
             ,
             his
             atempt
             upon
             Rome
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             People
             in
             Italy
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             City
             in
             
               A
               pulia
            
             ,
             in
             Italy
             .
          
           
             *
             In
             Italy
             
          
           
             Lucius
             Suila
             .
          
           
             Mithridates
             ,
             cit●d
             by
             Ush
             An
             515.
             
          
           
             Mithridates
             ;
             cited
             by
             Ush
             .
             An.
             ibidem
             .
          
           
             *
             But
             
               Plin.
               Nat.
            
             Hist
             .
             lib.
             33
             c.
             3.
             says
             Mithridates
             ,
             pour'd
             melted
             Gold
             down
             his
             Throat
             ,
             for
             his
             Covetousness
             .
             Ush
             .
             An.
             518.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             88.
             
             This
             was
             in
             the
             War
             between
             Mithridates
             and
             tue
             Romans
             .
          
           
             
               Caius
               Marius
            
             ,
             occasion'd
             great
             troubles
             in
             Rome
             .
          
           
             Lucius
             Sylla
             .
          
           
             Fimbria
             his
             Soldiers
             spoil
             the
             Country
             by
             License
             Cited
             ,
             Ush
             .
             An.
             522
             ,
             523.
             
          
           
             Fimbri
             .
             Ush
             .
             An.
             524.
             
          
           
             Ush
             .
             An.
             ibi
             .
          
           
             
               Fimbria
               .
               Ush
            
             .
             An.
             523.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             85.
             
          
           
             *
             Junius
             Brutus
             .
          
           
             Lucius
             Scipio
             .
          
           
             *
             Of
             Vesta
             .
          
           
             Proscriptions
             ,
             
               Liv.
               Epitom
            
             .
             lib.
             89.
             
             A
             remarkable
             Instance
             of
             one
             proscrib'd
             ,
             who
             glory'd
             over
             others
             .
          
           
             Cn.
             Pompeius
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e477380
           
             Olymp.
             27.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             669.
             
             About
             the
             31
             of
             Manasses
             .
             King
             of
             Judah
             .
          
           
             Livy
             lib.
             1.
             
             Dionys
             .
             lib.
             3.
             
          
           
             *
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
          
           
             Here
             seems
             something
             to
             be
             defective
             ,
             to
             be
             supply'd
             by
             
               Livy
               ,
               lib.
               1.
            
             
          
           
             *
             Titus
             Quintus
             Flamininus
             ,
             not
             Flaminius
             as
             Plutarch
             
               says
               ;
               for
            
             Flamininus
             
               was
               of
               the
            
             Patrician
             ,
             but
             Flaminius
             
               of
               the
            
             Plebeian
             .
             See
             Livy
             .
             lib.
             32.
             
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             189.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Great
             .
          
           
             *
             King
             of
             Macedon
             .
          
           
             *
             
               Who
               was
               a
               Hostage
            
             .
             Liv.
             lib.
             34.
             
             See
             Livy
             Decad
             .
             4.
             lib.
             4.
             
          
           
             Liv.
             lib.
             37.
             
          
           
             *
             Philip
             of
             Macedon
             .
          
           
             Antiochus
             
               the
               Great
               .
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             187.
             
             Livy
             .
             lib.
             37.
             
             Polyb.
             Leg.
             23.
             
          
           
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             189.
             
             Justin
             .
             lib.
             34.
             c.
             7.
             
             Polyp
             .
             Leg.
             23.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             187.
             
          
           
             *
             P.
             Scipio
             .
             Vid.
             Liv.
             lib.
             38.
             
             Polyb.
             Leg.
             35.
             
             Liv.
             lib.
             37.
             
             Just
             .
             lib.
             31.
             c.
             8.
             
          
           
             Liv.
             lib.
             37.
             38.
             
             Polyb.
             Leg.
             25.
             36.
             
          
           
             *
             Praetors
             .
          
           
             *
             Gallogreeks
             .
          
           
             *
             Wheat
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             186.
             
          
           
             *
             Polyb.
             Leg.
             41.
             120.
             
             Talents
             .
          
           
             *
             Stratonice
             upon
             the
             news
             of
             Eumenes
             her
             Husband
             being
             dead
             .
             See
             
               Liv.
               lib.
            
             42.
             
          
           
             *
             
               King
               of
            
             Macedon
             .
             Vid.
             Liv.
             lib.
             42.
             
          
           
             *
             To'mend
             his
             manners
             .
          
           
             *
             Chair
             of
             State.
             
          
           
             *
             Perseus's
             Ambassadors
             .
          
           
             *
             Ptolemy
             Philometor
             .
          
           
             *
             Antiochus
             Epiphanes
             .
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             166.
             
          
           
             Polyb.
             Leg.
             72.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             193.
             
          
           
             *
             Marcus
             Juvhntiu●
             .
             Thalna
             .
             Liv.
             lib.
             45.
             
          
           
             *
             Marcus
             Antonius
             ,
             Liv.
             lib.
             45.
             
          
           
             *
             
               King
               of
            
             Bythynia
             .
          
           
             *
             A
             Manumitted
             Slave
             .
          
           
             The
             Purple
             Robe
             .
          
           
             Polyb.
             Leg.
             ●7
             .
          
           
             Polyb.
             Leg.
             117.
             
          
           
             *
             Ptolemy
             Philometor
             .
          
           
             *
             Ptolemy
             Euergetes
             .
          
           
             *
             Ariarathes
             
               King
               of
            
             Capadocca
             .
             
               Ant.
               Ch.
            
             158.
             
             Polyb.
             Leg.
             119.
             121.
             
             See
             Just
             .
             lib.
             35.
             c.
             1.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             Staff
             and
             an
             Ivory
             Chariot
             ,
             or
             Chair
             of
             State.
             
               Polyb.
               Leg.
            
             121.
             
          
           
             *
             Isocrates
             the
             Gramarian
             .
             defended
             it
             .
             
               Polyb.
               Leg.
            
             122.
             114.
             
          
           
             *
             Leptinus
             stabbed
             Cneius
             Octavius
             the
             Roman
             
               Legat
               at
            
             Laodicea
             .
          
           
             *
             Celtiberians
             Spaniards
             .
          
           
             *
             To.
             Lilybaeum
             .
          
           
             *
             Consuls
             came
             to
             Utica
             .
             See
             Eutrop.
             lib.
             4.
             
               〈◊〉
               lor.
            
             lib
             2.
             c.
             15.
             
             
               Livy
               .
               Epitom
            
             .
             lib.
             49.
             
          
           
             *
             Asdrubal
             ,
             their
             General
             .
          
           
             *
             Engines
             to
             shoot
             Stones
             or
             Arrows
             .
          
           
             *
             About
             Ten
             Miles
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             14
             
          
           
             *
             Of
             Syria
             ,
             under
             Alexander
             Bala
             .
             Olymp
             ,
             157.
             
          
           
             *
             A
             City
             of
             Phaenicia
             .
             Ant.
             Ch.
             150.
             
          
           
             *
             An
             Island
             over
             against
             Phaenicia
             .
          
           
             See
             Vales.
             
               Fram
               .
               of
            
             Diodorus
             Siculus
             ,
             349
             ,
             3●●
             .
          
           
             *
             Numantia
             i●
             Spain
             .
          
           
             *
             Germissum
             in
             Spain
             .
             See
             Patetcul
             .
             
               lib.
               2.
               c.
               4.
               
               Ant.
               Ch.
               130.
               
               See
            
             Eutropius
             .
             lib.
             4.
             
          
           
             *
             Call'd
             Diodotus
             ,
             
               one
               of
            
             Alexander
             Bala's
             
               Commanders
               King
               of
            
             Syria
             .
             1
             Mac●
             .
             11.
             39
             
               c.
               13.
               v
            
             31
             ,
             32.
             
             Liv.
             
             l●●
             ●2
             .
             ●5
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             183.
             
          
           
             *
             Antiochus
             Theos
             ,
             Alexander
             Bala's
             
               Son
               ,
               whose
               Guardian
            
             Tryphon
             
               was
               .
               See
            
             Justin
             ,
             
               lib.
               36.
               c.
            
             1.
             
          
           
             *
             Ptolemy
             Euergeres
             ,
             
               the
               second
               sirnamed
            
             Physeon
             .
          
           
             *
             P.
             Scipio
             Africanus
             .
             Spurius
             Mummius
             .
             L.
             Metellus
             ,
             See
             Cicero
             in
             Somnio
             Scip.
             
          
           
             *
             The
             Pharos
             at
             Alexandria
             ,
             that
             gave
             light
             to
             Seamen
             in
             the
             Night
             .
          
           
             Ant
             Ch
             128.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Ch.
             108.
             
          
           
             *
             Natural
             Fortification
             .
             See
             
               Livy
               .
               Epit
            
             lib.
             59.
             
          
           
             *
             
               King
               of
            
             Numidia
             ,
             
               Father
               in
               Law
               of
            
             Bocchus
             .
             See
             Liv.
             Epit.
             lib.
             62
             ,
             64
             ,
             65.
             66.
             
             Flor.
             lib.
             3.
             c.
             1.
             
          
           
             *
             
               L.
               Apuleus
               Saturninus
            
             ,
             a
             Tribune
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             hated
             the
             Senate
             upon
             former
             grudges
             .
             See
             Flor.
             lib.
             3.
             c.
             16.
             
             
               Livy
               Epitom
            
             .
             lib.
             69.
             
             Ant.
             Ch.
             99.
             
          
           
             *
             Unfortunate
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             Father
             of
             
               Mark
               Anthony
            
             ,
             who
             Married
             Cleopatra
             See
             
               Liv.
               Epit.
            
             lib.
             97.
             was
             routed
             at
             Sea
             by
             the
             Cretians
          
           
             *
             The
             Senate
             had
             decreed
             Was
             against
             'em
             because
             they
             assisted
             Mithridates
             by
             their
             Piraces
             Appian
             leg
             .
             30
             Dio.
             leg
             .
             37.
             
          
           
             *
             Those
             they
             had
             of
             the
             Romans
             See
             Dion
             .
             leg
             .
             37.
             
          
           
             *
             Lasthenes
             had
             fought
             with
             Antonius
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A36034-e482440
           
             *
             Mistaken
             by
             Curtius
             for
             the
             Deserts
             of
             Sogdiana
             .
          
           
             †
             About
             50
             Miles
             .
          
           
             *
             Gave
             Xerxes
             the
             Riches
             that
             were
             in
             it
             ,
             Strabo
             ,
             lib.
             14.
             
          
           
             *
             Not
             Genais
             ,
             near
             the
             Lake
             Meotis
             ,
             but
             another
             call'd
             Iaxartes
             .
             See
             Pl.
             N.
             Hist
             .
             l.
             6.
             c.
             16.
             
          
           
             *
             Call'd
             Alexandria
             ,
             upon
             the
             Banks
             of
             Iaxartes
             call'd
             Tanais
             .
          
           
             〈◊〉
             Curt
             lib.
             7.
             
          
           
             *
             Curtius
             
               calls
               him
            
             Arimares
             
               lib.
               7.
               c.
               11.
               ●or
               by
            
             Strabo
             ,
             Oxyartes
             
               had
               plac'd
               his
            
             〈◊〉
             in
             S●●mithres
             
               Rich
               in
            
             Bactria
             where
             Alexander
             
             Married
             ●●xana
             ,
             
               one
               of
            
             〈◊〉
             Strabo
             〈◊〉
             11●
             517.
             
          
           
             *
             o●
             Thra●●
             
          
           
             *
             Castor
             and
             Pollux
             .
          
           
             *
             Macedonian
             Launce
             .
          
           
             *
             This
             Ador●tion
             was
             by
             Pro
             ;
             stration
             .
          
           
             *
             Prostrated
             themselves
             .
          
           
             *
             By
             P●ystrat●●
             .
          
           
             *
             From
             Naura
             ,
             or
             Nautica
             .
          
           
             †
             In
             Sogdiana
             
          
           
             *
             O●r
             Forest
             .
          
           
             *
             Scullions
             ,
             Horse-boys
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             *
             In
             the
             Rock
             before
             mentioned
             Sogdiana
             ;
             but
             Strabo
             says
             it
             was
             at
             the
             Rick
             in
             Bactria
             .
             See
             before
             .
          
           
             *
             Bacchus
             .
          
           
             *
             Mazaga
             .
          
           
             †
             The
             Country
             of
             the
             Assacenians
             .
          
           
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Curtius
             ,
             l.
             8.
             c.
             10.
             says
             the
             Calf
             of
             the
             Leg.